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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Root crops

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Academic literature on the topic 'Root crops'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Root crops"

1

Kalia, Pritam. "Root Vegetable Crops." Journal of New Seeds 6, no. 2-3 (February 15, 2005): 247–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j153v06n02_13.

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Stanton, W. R. "Tropical root crops: Root crops and the African food crisis." Agricultural Systems 27, no. 2 (January 1988): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-521x(88)90027-3.

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Perkons, Ute, Timo Kautz, Daniel Uteau, Stephan Peth, Vanessa Geier, Katharina Thomas, Katharina Lütke Holz, Miriam Athmann, Ralf Pude, and Ulrich Köpke. "Root-length densities of various annual crops following crops with contrasting root systems." Soil and Tillage Research 137 (April 2014): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2013.11.005.

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Ofosu-Asiedu, Kingsley, Demas A. Oteino, John O. Omolo, and Lazare Etiegni. "Sewage re-use for irrigation in Athi River town Kenya: its implications on public health." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 10-11 (May 1, 1999): 343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0679.

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Occupational environmental health associated with both industrial and domestic sewage reuse for food production in Athi River town Kenya has been studied. The levels of toxic heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, selenium and arsenic in the soil, roof crops, leaf crops and fruits (or seed) were determined using atomic absorption spectoscophy (AAS). In soils the average levels of lead and cadmium were 0.44mg/g and 0.13mg/g respectively. The crops analysed were selected as root crops, leaf crops and fruits (or seed) crops. The levels of lead found in these crops were 0.06 μg/g, 0.01 μg/g and fruit 0.05 μg/g for root, leaf and fruit crops respectively. Similarly, the cadmium in root, leaf and fruit crops was 0.016 μg/g, 0.03 μg/g and 0.02 μg/g respectively. Coliform counts were greater than 300 counts per 100ml in all samples, which gave a positive indication of the presence of Escherichia coli.

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Tang, Lanlan, Ming Zhan, Chunhui Shang, Jiayi Yuan, Yibing Wan, and Mingguang Qin. "Dynamics of root exuded carbon and its relationships with root traits of rapeseed and wheat." Plant, Soil and Environment 67, No. 6 (May 21, 2021): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/561/2020-pse.

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Quantifying carbon in root exudates and exploring their influencing factors are essential to understand soil organic carbon dynamics in cropland. A pot experiment was carried out to explore quantitative relations between root exuded carbon and root traits in wheat and rapeseed. The result showed that rapeseed had a similar pattern in root carbon exudation intensity (EI) as the wheat, but its EI per plant was obviously higher than that in wheat. Rapeseed plants had higher EI per root biomass than wheat plants in the early growth period but lower in the late growth period. EI per root biomass in both crops had significant exponential relationships with the specific root length (RL), surface area (RSA), volume (RV), root C/N ratio and root soluble sugar content. However, EI per plant of both crops had a markedly quadratic relationship with RL, RSA, RV and root biomass. During the whole growth period, the rapeseed had cumulative root carbon exudation of 14.09 g/plant, which was almost twice of that in the wheat plant. Root traits had close relations to root carbon exudation in both crops. Quantitative regression models between them could be referred to estimate root C exudation in rapeseed and wheat farmland.

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Zobel, Richard W. "Rhizogenetics (Root Genetics) of Vegetable Crops." HortScience 21, no. 4 (August 1986): 956–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.21.4.956.

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Abstract Plants exist as integrations of their many parts and processes. Each part is conditioned by a distinct collection of genes that interact and integrate with the genes that condition other plant parts or processes (44). Root characteristics are conditioned by about 30% of the plant genome, and one-third of these (10% of the total) condition only root characteristics (39). This level of control for a single plant organ is in agreement with that of other plant organs (25) and implies that root characteristics are as amenable to genetic manipulation as the characteristics of any other plant organ or tissue. Root characteristics are not normally emphasized in plant breeding programs because of the difficulty in observing them in situ, rather than because of a reduced potential for improvement. The level of genetic control described (39) should allow the development of isogenic root mutants that have modified physiological and developmental controls to be used for precise experimentation. Data derived from experimentation with these isogenic root mutants would provide a sound basis for developing and testing hypotheses leading, ultimately, to genetic improvement of vegetable root systems.

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Selvakumar, R., Gograj Singh Jat, Sajad Un Nabi, Geetika Malik, K. Gangadhara, and Chintha Pradeepika. "Genomic Advances in Root Vegetable Crops." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7, no. 10 (October 10, 2018): 2649–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.710.308.

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Suhartini, Budi Waluyo, Dodi Wirawan Irawanto, Bahieddin Nofal, Daffa Sandi Lasitya, and Baroroh Nur Jihad. "The Role of Root and Tuber Crops on Food Diversification Facing the Climate Change in East Java Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1323, no. 1 (April 1, 2024): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1323/1/012013.

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Abstract Root and tuber crops consisting of cassava, sweet potato, potato, taro and others root and tubers have the important roles as the source of food, nutrition and cash income for many farmers in Indonesia. These crops also as a source of carbohydrates beside rice, corn, cereals, wheat etc. Root and tuber crops are the second most important group of crop plants after the cereals. The government of Indonesia accelerate food diversification based on local food resources, especially facing the climate change. The objective of this study was to estimate the role of root and tuber crops on food diversification and to estimate the household root and tuber crops demand in East Java Indonesia. The research used SUSENAS (Indonesian National Socio-Economic Survey) 2020 data with 31.990 household respondents in East Java Indonesia. Demand for food was estimated by AIDS (Almost Ideal Demand System) model. The results show that the average consumption for root and tuber crops was 0,69 kg/household/week (11,23% from carbohydrates foods), whereas rice consumption amount 4,86 kg/household/week (79,68 %), maize amount 0,25 kg/household/week (4,13%) and cereals amount 0,3 kg/household/week (4,96%). The expenditure elasticity of root and tuber crops was 1,36, while the expenditure elasticity of rice amount 0,78 (normal food), maize (1,41) and cereals (1,27). The expenditure elasticity more than 1 means that root and tuber crops as a superior food, also for maize and cereals. People no longer considers that root and tuber crops to be an inferior food. The root and tuber crops consumptions have the highest proportion after rice. It can be mean that root and tuber crops have the important role on food diversification in East Java Indonesia. Facing the climate change, root and tuber crops development be a right decision, moreover, root and tuber crops can be planted on dry land which is still widely available in Indonesia.

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Osaki, Mitsuru, Mina Matsumoto, Takuro Shinano, and Toshiaki Tadano. "A root-shoot interaction hypothesis for high productivity of root crops." Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 42, no. 2 (June 1, 1996): 289–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00380768.1996.10415099.

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Huang, Ning, Miriam Athmann, and Eusun Han. "Biopore-Induced Deep Root Traits of Two Winter Crops." Agriculture 10, no. 12 (December 14, 2020): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10120634.

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Deeper root growth can be induced by increased biopore density. In this study, we aimed to compare deep root traits of two winter crops in field conditions in response to altered biopore density as affected by crop sequence. Two fodder crop species—chicory and tall fescue—were grown for two consecutive years as preceding crops (pre-crops). Root traits of two winter crops—barley and canola, which were grown as subsequent crops (post-crops)—were measured using the profile wall and soil monolith method. While barley and canola differed greatly in deep root traits, they both significantly increased rooting density inside biopores by two-fold at soil depths shallower than 100 cm. A similar increase in rooting density in the bulk soil was observed below 100 cm soil depth. As a result, rooting depth significantly increased (>5 cm) under biopore-rich conditions throughout the season of the winter crops. Morphological root traits revealed species-wise variation in response to altered biopore density, in which only barley increased root size under biopore-rich conditions. We concluded that large-sized biopores induce deeper rooting of winter crops that can increase soil resource acquisition potential, which is considered to be important for agricultural systems with less outsourced farm resources, e.g., Organic Agriculture. Crops with contrasting root systems can respond differently to varying biopore density, especially root morphology, which should be taken into account upon exploiting biopore-rich conditions in arable fields. Our results also indicate the need for further detailed research with a greater number of species, varieties and genotypes for functional classification of root plasticity against the altered subsoil structure.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Root crops"

1

Boyd, Philip Anthony. "Root crops in the diets of growing pigs." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292619.

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Milan, Abd Rahman. "Genetic manipulation of storage root development in horticultural crops." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246516.

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Cheema, M. U. A. "Dormancy and sprout control in root and tuber crops." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2010. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/6890/.

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Research objectives were to study dormancy/sprout control in potato and sweetpotato, and to identify novel sprout control strategies. Consistent with sprout stimulation by gibberellins (GAs) in potato, 10 mM GA3 enhanced sprout length and number in sweetpotato roots and sprout growth was decreased by 20 ml/L piccolo (GA synthesis inhibitor). Continuous application of 10 ppm ethylene or greater prevented sprouting in sweetpotato roots over 4 weeks storage at 25° C. Sprout growth was also inhibited by 1000 ppm aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) (ethylene synthesis inhibitor) or 625 ppb 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) (ethylene antagonist). Continuous ethylene treatment or single 1-MCP treatment could be a practical sprout control method for sweetpotatoes stored at >15° C. 5 ppm or greater ethylene increased root respiration rates, but this effect was reduced by 1-MCP or AVG. Sugar content in ethylene treated roots +/- 1-MCP or AVG were lower than untreated roots, with lowest levels in roots treated with ethylene alone. Hormonal control of dormancy/sprout growth was studied in excised buds from potato tubers transformed to over-express a bacteria gene encoding 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5 phosphate synthase (DXS), which exhibit arrested buds, Five weeks post-harvest over-expressing lines, DXS1 and DXS2, showed greater sprout growth compared to wild type when treated with 1 mM GA3 or tZR in 2009, whereas DXS1 showed less sprout growth 4 weeks post-harvest in 2007. There was no difference in DXS1 and DXS2 behaviour 4 months after harvest in 2007. The different behaviour of DXS1 over seasons and with time from harvest underlines how tuber state can change with maturity. No consistent differences were found in chemical profile of peel among potato tubers of accessions with a range of dormancy characteristics. Although 1, 4-Dimethylnaphthalene has been identified as a natural sprout suppressant, it could not be detected in any accession even though measurements were sensitive to below 100 ppb.

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Baimey, Hugues Kossi. "Scutellonema bradys as a pathogen of yam in Benin." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10252006-164955.

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Naab, Jesse Bonaventure. "Interaction of canopy and root system in water use of potato." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308564.

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McGinley, Susan. "Aeroponic Herbs: A Cultivation System For Clean, Consistent Root Crops." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622256.

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Delft, Gert-Jan van. "Root architecture in relation to avoidance of Striga hermonthica infection." Thesis, University of York, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297312.

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Halchak, Jennifer L. "Root growth dynamics and cultivation aspects of Kosteletzkya virginica (Malvaceae)." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 132 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1889098991&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Taylor, Sharyn Patricia. "The root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus neglectus, in field crops in South Australia." Title page, contents and summary only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pht2462.pdf.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 241-25). Aims to evaluate sampling procedures; assess the extent and magnitude of yield loss caused by Pratylenchus neglectus; assess the population dynamics of Pratylenchus neglectus in cereals; determine whether resistance occurs in field crops; and, assess whether variation occurs between geographically isolated species of Pratylenchus neglectus

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Manderioli, Lisa Marie. "NON-STARCH POLYSACCHARIDES IN THE ROOTS OF CUCURBITA FOETIDISSIMA (BUFFALO GOURD, FIBER ANALYSIS, HEMICELLULOSE)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275456.

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Books on the topic "Root crops"

1

Kay, D. E. Root crops. 2nd ed. London: Tropical Development and Research Institute, 1987.

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2

Bradshaw, J. E. Root and tuber crops. New York: Springer, 2010.

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Bradshaw, J. E., ed. Root and Tuber Crops. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92765-7.

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Lawrence, T. Root and tuber crops. 2nd ed. Rome: IBPGR, 1986.

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Royal Agricultural Society of England. Audio Visual Unit. and University of Reading. Farm Management Unit. NFU Mutual., eds. Cash root & break crops. Kenilworth: Royal Agricultural Society of England, Audio Visual Unit, 1986.

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6

Burge, Weldon. Grow the best root crops. Pownal, Vt: Storey/Garden Way Pub., 1991.

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7

Shanks, Carl H. Root weevils on berry crops. Pullman: Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture of Agriculture & Home Economics, Washington State University, 1988.

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Shanks, Carl H. Root weevils on berry crops. Pullman: Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture & Home Economics, Washington State University, 1985.

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Shanks, Carl H. Root weevils on berry crops. [Pullman, Wash.]: Cooperative Extension, Washington State University, 1991.

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10

Yudi, Widodo, Sumarno, Malang Research Institute for Food Crops., Maros Research Institute for Food Crops., and Centre of Research for Root Crops., eds. Root crops improvement in Indonesia. Malang: Malang Research Institute for Food Crops, Maros Research Institute for Food Crops, Centre of Research for Root Crops, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Root crops"

1

Narayana, C. K. "Root Crops." In Phytochemicals in Vegetables and their Therapeutic Properties, 83–100. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003245308-5.

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Warra, Aliyu Ahmad, and Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad. "Root and Tuber Crops." In Industrial Crops, 82–89. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429346279-8.

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Reddy, P. Parvatha. "Root Vegetable Crops." In Biointensive Integrated Pest Management in Horticultural Ecosystems, 151–54. New Delhi: Springer India, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1844-9_10.

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Rees, Debbie, Andrew Westby, Keith Tomlins, Quirien van Oirschot, Muhammad U. A. Cheema, Eric Cornelius, and Muhammad Amjad. "Tropical Root Crops." In Crop Post-Harvest: Science and Technology, 392–413. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444354652.ch18.

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Reddy, Parvatha P. "Root Vegetable Crops." In Nematode Diseases of Crops and their Management, 299–304. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3242-6_15.

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Parthasarathy, S., P. Lakshmidevi, P. Yashodha, and C. Gopalakrishnan. "Beet Root." In Pests and Diseases in Vegetable Crops, 16–27. London: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003504153-3.

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Geoffriau, Emmanuel. "Carrot root quality." In Carrots and related Apiaceae crops, 171–84. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789240955.0171.

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Bradshaw, John E., and Merideth Bonierbale. "Potatoes." In Root and Tuber Crops, 1–52. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92765-7_1.

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Ceballos, Hernán, Emmanuel Okogbenin, Juan Carlos Pérez, Luis Augusto Becerra López-Valle, and Daniel Debouck. "Cassava." In Root and Tuber Crops, 53–96. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92765-7_2.

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Lebot, Vincent. "Sweet Potato." In Root and Tuber Crops, 97–125. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92765-7_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Root crops"

1

Deepan Kumar, Sadhasivam, Boopathi M, S. Sridhar Raj, K. N. Karthick, Vivek Kumar P, Balamurugan R, and Iniya Mounika S. "Design and Analysis of Retrofit for Root Crop Harvester." In International Conference on Advances in Design, Materials, Manufacturing and Surface Engineering for Mobility. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0052.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">In India, agriculture is a vital part of the country’s economy and almost everything depends on it. It takes a lot of time and effort for the farmer to remove the leftover root vegetables and crops in soil. Even after manually removing these crops, they can’t fully recover the leftover thing. This process takes more time and is challenging for the farmer. Due to human error, around 20-30% of the crops and root crops are left out in the field. Unfortunately, poor farmers can’t afford the necessary equipment to remove these crops. Generally, Root crops are cultivated by root crop harvester through diggers present under the chassis in the middle which are seen randomly by operators and cultivated or else through cameras which are highly cost and not affordable by all the farmers, hard to maintain and not technically strong by the farmers to operate the cameras.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Hence, it is aimed to design a Plough machine to take the left over root crops in the field as well as to loosen/break up the soil simultaneously which will be mounted on the tractor or dragged by the tractor.</div></div>

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Bulgakov, Volodymyr, Ivan Holovach, Volodymyr Martyniuk, Oleksandra Trokhaniak, Aivars Aboltins, Adolfs Rucins, and Yevhen Ihnatiev. "Mathematical model of movement and cleaning beetroots from soil lumps with spiral separator." In 23rd International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2024.23.tf132.

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An urgent problem in the technological process of table beet production is cleaning of the root crops from adhering soil, soil impurities and plant residues after digging them out of the soil. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new, more advanced designs of beet heap separators that could provide not only high quality cleaning but also eliminate damage and loss of the root crops when performing this technological process. A new design of a spiral separator has been developed, which, based on the results of preliminary experimental studies, satisfies the above requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct fundamental theoretical investigations to substantiate the rational parameters of the specified separator. The purpose of this research is to determine the design and kinematic parameters of an improved design of the spiral separator for the table beet roots, ensuring high-quality cleaning of the root crops from the soil impurities and plant residues, based on the development of a mathematical model of the movement of the root crops along the working surface of the separator. An equivalent diagram of the interaction of the beet root as a material particle, located in the working channel, formed by three cantilever-mounted spirals, has been constructed. The separator spirals are driven into rotational motion and, at the same time, can oscillate in a vertical plane under the impact of the variable mass of the beet heap, supplied to the working surface. Based on an equivalent circuit, a system of differential equations for the movement of the beet root along the surface of the working channel has been compiled. The solution of the resulting system of differential equations makes it possible to study the influence of the design and kinematic parameters of the separator on the speed of movement of the root crop in the working channel before it leaves the spirals. By determining the design and kinematic parameters in this way it will ensure improved quality of cleaning the beet roots from the soil impurities and plant residues.

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Sibiryov A.V., A. V., and M. A. Mosyakov M.A. "Post-harvest cleaning process ultrasonic impact." In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-5.

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The article deals with the process of post-harvest processing of vegetable crops. Attention is focused on the fact that the existing complex of machines does not allow to fully meet the agrotechnical requirements for the technological process of post-harvest processing of root crops. It is proposed to use ultrasonic action on root crops for cleaning them from soil impurities. Data on the effect of acoustic cavitation generated by ultrasonic waves with a frequency of 18-18.5 kHz at a power density of at least 1 W / cm² are given on the effect of acoustic cavitation on a root crop in a laminar flow of liquid. It is noted that multiple hydraulic cumulative shocks arising from the collapse of cavitation bubbles should separate soil impurities from root crops, which will significantly reduce the time and energy consumption during post-harvest processing of vegetable crops.

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Permyakova, T. B. "Distribution of root rot in grain crop rotation depending on the elements of cultivation technology." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-39.

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Species composition and pathogenicity of winter wheat rot in the grain crop rotation is given. The influence of the main tillage systems and preceding crops on the level of accumulation and spread of the root rots is given. The advantages of traditional cultivation technology are demonstrated.

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Теплякова, Ольга, and Наталия Власенко. "Использование супрамолекулярных комплексов тебуконазола с экстрактом корней солодки для контроля обыкновенной корневой гнили в посевах яровой пшеницы." In International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.35.

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The fungicidal activity of tebuconazole supramolecular complexes with licorice root extract used as a spring wheat seed protectant was evaluated. Their single use at the stage of preparation for sowing made it possible to effectively control the development and prevalence of common root rot during the growing season. The strength of the fungicidal effect depended on the rate of consumption of complexes. All tested compounds provided increased density of standing crops, plant survival for harvesting and grain productivity of the crop.

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Polunina, T. S., V. A. Lavrinova, and M. P. Leontyeva. "INFLUENCE OF DUMPING TREATMENT AND CHEMISTRY MEANS ON SOIL MYCOBIOTA IN CROPS OF WINTER WHEAT OF THE NORTH-EAST PART OF THE CEC." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.86-89.

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The article presents the results of studies of the influence of dump tillage, fertilizers, on the development of soil pathogens that cause root rot of winter wheat, their parasitic activity is shown harmful mycobiota. The optimal dose of mineral fertilizer was revealed against the background of dump soil cultivation, which made it possible to successfully restrain and increase the number of micromycetes causing root rot

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Konstantinovich, A. V. "Elements of technology of growing seedlings cabbage crops." In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-185.

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The article presents the results of research on the development of technology elements for growing cabbage seedlings (white cabbage, cauliflower, сhinese cabbage). The optimal mode and volume of root nutrition for obtaining high-quality seedlings has been established.

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Mari, Palaniswami sivaswami. "Indian tropical root and tuber crops entomology: Challenges and strategies." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.111315.

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I.E., Belousov. "NON-ROOT TOP DRESSING OF RICE VARIETIES AND THE TECHNOLOGY OF THEIR IMPLEMENTATION." In «Breeding, seed production, cultivation technology and processing of agricultural crops». Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Rice Centre, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33775/conf-2021-321-326.

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"CIGR Handbook of Agricultural Engineering, Volume IV Agro Processing Engineering, Chapter 2 Root Crops, Part 2.1 Root Crop Quality and Losses." In CIGR Handbook of Agricultural Engineering Volume IV Agro-Processing Engineering. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.36390.

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Reports on the topic "Root crops"

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Research Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy. Root crops. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896298460_10.

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Kosenko, Maria Alexandrovna. TECHNOLOGY COMPLIANCE ASSESSMENT STORAGE OF ROOT CROPS. DOI СODE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/tca.2023.123.126.001.

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Kosenko, M. A. LONG-TERM STORAGE OF ROOT CROPS RADISH EUROPEAN. ФГБОУ ВО Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт овощеводства, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/mnc-111-kk.

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Kosenko, M. A. TERMS OF PRESERVATION OF ROOT CROPS OF RADISH EUROPEAN. Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт овощеводства- филиал ФГБНУ ФНЦО, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/uskr-523-mm.

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Lieth, J. Heiner, Michael Raviv, and David W. Burger. Effects of root zone temperature, oxygen concentration, and moisture content on actual vs. potential growth of greenhouse crops. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7586547.bard.

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Soilless crop production in protected cultivation requires optimization of many environmental and plant variables. Variables of the root zone (rhizosphere) have always been difficult to characterize but have been studied extensively. In soilless production the opportunity exists to optimize these variables in relation to crop production. The project objectives were to model the relationship between biomass production and the rhizosphere variables: temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration and water availability by characterizing potential growth and how this translates to actual growth. As part of this we sought to improve of our understanding of root growth and rhizosphere processes by generating data on the effect of rhizosphere water status, temperature and dissolved oxygen on root growth, modeling potential and actual growth and by developing and calibrating models for various physical and chemical properties in soilless production systems. In particular we sought to use calorimetry to identify potential growth of the plants in relation to these rhizosphere variables. While we did experimental work on various crops, our main model system for the mathematical modeling work was greenhouse cut-flower rose production in soil-less cultivation. In support of this, our objective was the development of a Rose crop model. Specific to this project we sought to create submodels for the rhizosphere processes, integrate these into the rose crop simulation model which we had begun developing prior to the start of this project. We also sought to verify and validate any such models and where feasible create tools that growers could be used for production management. We made significant progress with regard to the use of microcalorimetry. At both locations (Israel and US) we demonstrated that specific growth rate for root and flower stem biomass production were sensitive to dissolved oxygen. Our work also identified that it is possible to identify optimal potential growth scenarios and that for greenhouse-grown rose the optimal root zone temperature for potential growth is around 17 C (substantially lower than is common in commercial greenhouses) while flower production growth potential was indifferent to a range as wide as 17-26C in the root zone. We had several set-backs that highlighted to us the fact that work needs to be done to identify when microcalorimetric research relates to instantaneous plant responses to the environment and when it relates to plant acclimation. One outcome of this research has been our determination that irrigation technology in soilless production systems needs to explicitly include optimization of oxygen in the root zone. Simply structuring the root zone to be “well aerated” is not the most optimal approach, but rather a minimum level. Our future work will focus on implementing direct control over dissolved oxygen in the root zone of soilless production systems.

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Jabborov, N. I., A. M. Zakharov, and I. N. Shablykin. RATIONAL MODES OF OPERATION OF THE INSTALLATION FOR PRE-REALIZATION PREPARATION OF ROOT CROPS. DOICODE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/doicode-2023.143.

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Seginer, Ido, Daniel H. Willits, Michael Raviv, and Mary M. Peet. Transpirational Cooling of Greenhouse Crops. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573072.bard.

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Background Transplanting vegetable seedlings to final spacing in the greenhouse is common practice. At the time of transplanting, the transpiring leaf area is a small fraction of the ground area and its cooling effect is rather limited. A preliminary modeling study suggested that if water supply from root to canopy is not limiting, a sparse crop could maintain about the same canopy temperature as a mature crop, at the expense of a considerably higher transpiration flux per leaf (and root) area. The objectives of this project were (1) to test the predictions of the model, (2) to select suitable cooling methods, and (3) to compare the drought resistance of differently prepared seedlings. Procedure Plants were grown in several configurations in high heat load environments, which were moderated by various environmental control methods. The difference between the three experimental locations was mainly in terms of scale, age of plants, and environmental control. Young potted plants were tested for a few days in small growth chambers at Technion and Newe Ya'ar. At NCSU, tomato plants of different ages and planting densities were compared over a whole growing season under conditions similar to commercial greenhouses. Results Effect of spacing: Densely spaced plants transpired less per plant and more per unit ground area than sparsely spaced plants. The canopy temperature of the densely spaced plants was lower. Air temperature was lower and humidity higher in the compartments with the densely spaced plants. The difference between species is mainly in the canopy-to-air Bowen ratio, which is positive for pepper and negative for tomato. Effect of cooling methods: Ventilation and evaporative pad cooling were found to be effective and synergitic. Air mixing turned out to be very ineffective, indicating that the canopy-to-air transfer coefficient is not the limiting factor in the ventilation process. Shading and misting, both affecting the leaf temperature directly, proved to be very effective canopy cooling methods. However, in view of their side effects, they should only be considered as emergency measures. On-line measures of stress: Chlorophyll fluorescence was shown to accurately predict photosynthesis. This is potentially useful as a rapid, non-contact way of assessing canopy heat stress. Normalized canopy temperature and transpiration rate were shown to correlate with water stress. Drought resistance of seedlings: Comparison between normal seedlings and partially defoliated ones, all subjected to prolonged drought, indicated that removing about half of the lowermost leaves prior to transplanting, may facilitate adjustment to the more stressful conditions in the greenhouse. Implications The results of this experimental study may lead to: (1) An improved model for a sparse canopy in a greenhouse. (2) A better ventilation design procedure utilizing improved estimates of the evaporation coefficient for different species and plant configurations. (3) A test for the stress resistance of transplants.

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Brown Horowitz, Sigal, Eric L. Davis, and Axel Elling. Dissecting interactions between root-knot nematode effectors and lipid signaling involved in plant defense. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598167.bard.

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Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogynespp., are extremely destructive pathogens with a cosmopolitan distribution and a host range that affects most crops. Safety and environmental concerns related to the toxicity of nematicides along with a lack of natural resistance sources threaten most crops in Israel and the U.S. This emphasizes the need to identify genes and signal mechanisms that could provide novel nematode control tactics and resistance breeding targets. The sedentary root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogynespp. secrete effectors in a spatial and temporal manner to interfere with and mimic multiple physiological and morphological mechanisms, leading to modifications and reprogramming of the host cells' functions, resulted in construction and maintenance of nematodes' feeding sites. For successful parasitism, many effectors act as immunomodulators, aimed to manipulate and suppress immune defense signaling triggered upon nematode invasion. Plant development and defense rely mainly on hormone regulation. Herein, a metabolomic profiling of oxylipins and hormones composition of tomato roots were performed using LC-MS/MS, indicating a fluctuation in oxylipins profile in a compatible interaction. Moreover, further attention was given to uncover the implication of WRKYs transcription factors in regulating nematode development. In addition, in order to identify genes that might interact with the lipidomic defense pathway induced by oxylipins, a RNAseq was performed by exposing M. javanicasecond-stage juveniles to tomato protoplast, 9-HOT and 13-KOD oxylipins. This transcriptome generated a total of 4682 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Being interested in effectors, we seek for DEGs carrying a predicted secretion signal peptide. Among the DEGs including signal peptide, several had homology with known effectors in other nematode species, other unknown potentially secreted proteins may have a role as root-knot nematodes' effectors which might interact with lipid signaling. The molecular interaction of LOX proteins with the Cyst nematode effectors illustrate the nematode strategy in manipulating plant lipid signals. The function of several other effectors in manipulating plant defense signals, as well as lipids signals, weakening cell walls, attenuating feeding site function and development are still being studied in depth for several novel effectors. As direct outcome of this project, the accumulating findings will be utilized to improve our understanding of the mechanisms governing critical life-cycle phases of the parasitic M. incognita RKN, thereby facilitating design of effective controls based on perturbation of nematode behavior—without producing harmful side effects. The knowledge from this study will promote genome editing strategies aimed at developing nematode resistance in tomato and other nematode-susceptible crop species in Israel and the United States.

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Davis, Eric L., Yuji Oka, Amit Gal-On, Todd Wehner, and Aaron Zelcer. Broad-spectrum Resistance to Root-Knot Nematodes in Transgenic Cucurbits. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593389.bard.

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Root-knot nematodes (RKN), Meloidogyne spp., are extremely destructive pathogens of cucurbit crops grown in the United States and Israel. The safety and environmental concerns of toxic nematicides, and limited sources of natural cucurbit resistance to the four major species of Meloidogyne that threaten these crops in Israel and the U.S., have emphasized the use of biotechnology to develop cucurbits with novel RKN resistance. The U.S. scientists have identified over 40 unique RKN parasitism genes that encode nematode secretions involved in successful plant root infection by RKN, and they have demonstrated that expression of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) complementary to a RKN parasitism gene (called 16DIO) in Arabidopsis thaliana induced RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated silencing of the RKN16DlO gene and produced transgenic plants with strong resistance to all four major RKN species. The expression 8D05 parasitism gene was found to coincide with the timing of upregulation of NtCel7 promoter (identified to be upregulated in giantcells by US scientists). NtCel7 promoter was used to express the genes at the right time (early stages of infection) and in the right place (giant-cells) in transgenic plants. US partners produced NtCel7 (nematode-induced promoter)-driven 16DlO-RNAi and 8DOS-RNAi constructs, pHANNIBAL 4D03-RNAi construct and modified 16DlO-RNAi construct (for increased RNAi expression and efficacy) for cucurbit transformation in Israel. In Arabidopsis, some 16DlO-RNAi plant lines show greater levels of resistance to M. incognita than others, and within these lines resistance of greater than 90% reduction in infection is observed among almost all replicates in US. The level of observed nematode resistance is likely to be directly correlated with the level of RNAi expression in individual plants. In Israel, all the RKN parasitism genes-RNAi constructs were successfully transformed into cucumber and melon. The transgenic lines were evaluated for expression of the transgene siRNA in leaves and roots. Those displaying transgene siRNA accumulation were passed on for nematode resistance analysis. Rl seedlings from different lines were subjected to evaluation for resistance to M. javanica. None of the lines was resistant to the nematode in contrast with US partner's results in Arabidopsis. This could be for the following reasons: a) The level of transgene siRNA was insufficient in cucumber and tomato to cause resislance. b) 111e nemalode species on cucwnber IIlay be different ur act in a different manner. c) The assay was performed in soil with a high level of nematode inoculation, and not in petri dish, which may not permit the observation of a low level of resistance.

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Cytryn, E., Sean F. Brady, and O. Frenkel. Cutting edge culture independent pipeline for detection of novel anti-fungal plant protection compounds in suppressive soils. Israel: United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2022.8134142.bard.

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Fusarium oxysporum spp. causes Panama disease in bananas and crown and root rot in an array of vegetables and field crops, but increased regulations have restricted the use of many conventional chemical pesticides, and there are a limited number of commercially available products effective against them. The soil microbiome represents a largely untapped reservoir of secondary metabolites that can potentially antagonize fungal pathogens. However, most soil bacteria cannot be cultivated using conventional techniques and therefore most of these compounds remain unexplored. The overall goal of this two-year project was to extract and characterize novel secondary metabolites from "unculturable" soil microbiomes that antagonize Fusarium and other fungal plant pathogens. Initially, the Cytryn lab at the Volcani Institute (ARO) identified candidate biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) encoding for potentially novel antifungal compounds (specifically non-ribosomal peptides and polyketides) in soil and plant root microbiomes using cutting-edge metagenomic platforms. Next, the Brady lab at Rockefeller University (RU) screened archived soil metagenomic cosmid libraries for these BGCs, and heterologously expressed them in suitable hosts. Finally, the Frenkel and Cytryn labs at ARO assessed the capacity of these heterologous expressed strains to antagonize Fusarium and other fungal plant pathogens. Initially tomato and lettuce were analyzed, and subsequently roots of cucumbers grown in suppressive (biochar amended) soils were targeted. We found that the composition of tomato and lettuce root BGCs are similar to each other, but significantly different from adjacent bulk soil, indicating that root bacteria possess specific secondary metabolites that are potentially associated with rhizosphere competence. BGC linked to known metabolites included various antimicrobial, (e.g., streptazone E, sessilin), antifungal (heat-stable antifungal factor- HSAF, II and ECO-02301), and insecticidal (melingmycin, orfamide A) compounds. However, over 90% of the identified BGCs were moderately to significantly different from those encoding for characterized secondary metabolites, highlighting the profusion of potentially novel secondary metabolites in both root and soil environments. Novel BGCs that were abundant in roots and remotely resembled those of antifungal compounds were transferred to RU for subsequent screening and five were identified in RU soil metagenomic cosmid libraries. Two of these clusters (BARD-1711 BARD-B481) were heterologously-expressed in a Streptomyces albus J1074 strain, and transferred to ARO. The strain harboring BARAD-B481 was found to antagonize Fusarium significantly more than the host strain, indicating that this BGCs product has antifungal activity. Future studies will need to work on chemically characterizing the BARAD-B481 BGC and progress with the above described pipeline for other interesting BGCs.

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