Academic literature on the topic 'Rooftop catchment area'
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Journal articles on the topic "Rooftop catchment area"
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Mohapatra, Sourav Ranjan, Truptimayee Dash, Priyanka Choudhury, Prof Gayatri Mohanty, and Dr Satyananda Swain. "Review on Design of Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting in Gandhi Institute for Technology (GIFT), BBSR." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 672–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42286.
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Abstract: Water is the main asset on the earth. Which requires water for different exercises in our everyday life at the rate at which India's general population is growing, it is said that India will undoubtedly replace China from its fundamental place as the most thickly populated country in the world. This will provoke a high pace of use of most huge trademark resource "Water" achieving development of loads on the permitted freshwater resources and supply of it is diminishing at a quickly protected on this planet. Remembering the ultimate objective to proportion and deal with our step by step interest in water essential, we need to think of elective adroit and respectably easier mechanical methodologies of preserving water. The specialized part of this venture is water harvesting gathered from GIFT main building rooftop. Above all else, a little piece of the rooftop is taken where a steep slant is available where water overflows streams and the point of this venture is to gather and store that water and use the water by giving a legitimate method for filtration. The task begins by gathering some significant investigations on water Harvesting and concentrating on them. A legitimate arranging work led to GIFT for an appropriate picture of what is going on at GIFT College and to quantify the elements of the rooftop catchment area. Then other required information is gathered for example hydrological precipitation information and temperature. The volume of water will ascertain thereafter. Water collecting potential for the school will ascertain, and an appropriate plan will be considered. The vital variable of this undertaking is the channel unit which will be planned productive and prudent and possible to carry out in the school. In conclusion, this venture is taken on for preserving the main normal source on the earth. It is a drive to safeguard the water source. "Save Water, automatically Water will save us". Keywords: Rooftop harvesting, channel configuration, rooftop catchment area.
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Nzelibe, Ifechukwu U., Temitope E. Akinboyewa, Tobenna N. Nzelibe, and Goziechukwu G. Inekwe. "Geospatial Assessment of The Potentials of Rooftop Rainwater Harvest at The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria." FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology 7, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.46792/fuoyejet.v7i2.839.
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Recent reports reveal water shortage at the Federal University of Technology, Akure, (FUTA), Nigeria, with possibilities to worsen if adequate measures are not taken. This research focuses on the assessment of the potential of an alternative source of water supply the Roof Top Rainwater Harvest (RTRWH) at FUTA. This study goes beyond the determination of the potential volume of RTRWH by proposing a storage plan for the RTRWH based on geospatial analysis. Data collected for the study are rainfall data covering 19 years (2000-2018), High-Resolution Satellite Image (HRSI), Ground Control Point (GCP), attribute data, Landsat 8 and Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The rooftop areas were extracted by processing HRSI using ArcGIS software. The volumes of the RTRWH for each building were computed with the rooftop area, precipitation amount and roof's runoff coefficient of the rooftop material as variables. Suitable locations for siting the storage tanks were proposed based on Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) and geospatial analysis. Result obtained from the study reveals that the total area of rooftop catchment for all buildings considered is 164,246 m2. The study suggests 9 locations suitable for collecting and storing the harvested RTRW. The potential average daily, average monthly and total annual volumes of RTRWH are approximately 607 m3, 18,473 m3 and 221,681 m3 respectively, and thereby could potentially provide ~ 41% of water demand in addition to the existing water supply sources in FUTA. The RTRWH is therefore recommended as an alternative water source at FUTA.
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Okovido, J. O., U. Owen-Egharevba, and L. O. Akhigbe. "Rainwater Harvesting System for Water Supply in a Rural Community in Edo State, Nigeria." October 2018 2, no. 2 (October 2018): 266–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36263/nijest.2018.02.0089.
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Water scarcity is still a major problem in many rural communities in Nigeria. In this study, a rain water harvesting system was designed for Ogbekpen, a rural community in Edo state, Nigeria. A conceptual model for rainwater harvesting was developed using the storm water management model (SWMM), Arcmap 10.1 software and daily rainfall data (2000-2016) obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET). Runoff, rainfall intensity and change in elevation of three designated catchment zones were taken into consideration. The results revealed that the total amount of rainwater that could be harvested annually (water supply) was 14,314,351.70 L (14,314 m3) from an overall effective rooftop area of 6025.9 m2. This was three times the annual water demand (4,317,965.60 L (4318 m3)), thus demonstrating the capability of the system to meet annual water demand. The required tank capacities for zones 1, 2 and 3 were 870,412.76 L (870 m3), 955,319.4 5L (955 m3) and 788,629.88 L (789 m3) respectively. Comparative physicochemical and microbial analysis of water from rooftops in the three zones and an existing storage well showed that the latter did not comply with drinking water quality guidelines, thus highlighting the importance of a proper conveyance and storage system to improve water quality and availability in the area.
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Praveena, Sarva Mangala, and Sri Themudu. "WATER CONSERVATION INITIATIVE IN A PUBLIC SCHOOL FROM TROPICAL COUNTRY: PERFORMANCE AND SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENTS." Water Conservation & Management 6, no. 1 (2022): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/wcm.01.2022.55.60.
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Water resources are rapidly declining in Malaysia due to various challenges such as climate change, pollution, urbanisation, and high-water domestic consumption. On the other hand, water conservation initiatives in Malaysia are mainly concentrated in commercial and residential buildings while public buildings such as schools have been underutilized. Water conservation initiatives in Malaysian schools are seen to be able to conserve a significant amount of water and manage water supply responsibly, given the high annual rainfall received throughout the year and the huge rooftop catchment area. Thus, this study aims to assess the performance and sustainability assessment of water conservation initiative in Convent Infant Jesus (1) Primary School in Malacca (Malaysia). Water footprint findings demonstrated lavatory usage accounted for nearly 60% of overall water consumption in the selected primary school. The rainwater harvesting system was selected as this method enables the use of a renewable source (rainwater) and it conveniently fit with the existing building rooftop and plumbing system to engender high sustainability potential. After several months of operation, the rainwater harvesting system at school lavatory has led to significant reductions between 24m3 and 278m3 of water use along with water bill saving of USD285. Sustainable assessment has indicated that all the six dimensions were well balanced with scores greater than 50% and continued improvements will increase the project’s sustainability in the future. This water conservation initiative can be implemented in any school worldwide with a similar water footprint for significant water savings and sustainable water management.
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Aryal, Mamata, Prayon Joshi, and Sudeep Thakuri. "Performance of rooftop rainwater harvesting system as a source of drinking water." International Journal of Environment 11, no. 1 (June 20, 2022): 62–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v11i1.45841.
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Rainwater Harvesting Systems (RWHSs) are increasingly being used as an alternative or supplementary source of water to curb the water supply deficit in the Kathmandu valley. The harvested rainwater is primarily used for non-potable purposes like flushing toilets and irrigation, but the knowledge on the use of rainwater for potable purpose is remarkably sparse. This study assesses the suitability of rainwater in terms of quantity and quality in a public school that adopts Rooftop RWHS as the source of drinking water. In this study, we observed that the volume of rainwater being harvested is sufficient to address the current demand of drinking water, with a mean rainfall of 1664 mm on a catchment area of 372 m2. Storage capacity needs to be expanded if the demand increases. Physico-chemical and microbial analyses of water samples (before and after a series of treatments) were carried out for the winter, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons. The values of physico-chemical parameters of the water samples, in all the seasons, were well within both the National Drinking Water Quality Standards (NDWQS, 2005) and the World Health Organisation (WHO, 2017) guidelines for drinking water, while fecal coliforms were detected in the storage tank, but were absent in tap water after the treatments. Based on the findings, we suggest that the harvested rainwater could be used for drinking purposes if properly treated. RWHS use at the institutional level, like in schools, on the one hand, curbs the increasing demand for water in water-deficit locations like Kathmandu, and on the other, encourages the adoption of such sustainable technologies for the water supply.
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Tshering Pem, Dhan Bdr Gurung, Kelzang Dawa, and Rupesh Subedi. "Ecological Conditions of Luetshokha Lake and its Recharge Potential using Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting, Samtengang, Wangdue Bhutan." Bhutan Journal of Natural Resources and Development 9, no. 1 (June 27, 2022): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17102/cnr.2022.72.
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Luetshokha lake is noted to harbour invasive aquatic plants and experience reduction in water level. This research assessed the floristic and macroinvertebrate composition of Luetshokha lake in Samtengang, Wangdue and its potential to increase water level using rooftop rainwater harvesting (RWH). Presence of aquatic plants such as Brasenia schreberi, Schnoeplectus pungens and Potamogeton distinctus indicate organic pollution of water in the lake. Coenagrionidae and Baetidae families were the most dominant macroinvertebrate communities present in the lake. There was a positive relationship between aquatic plants and macroinvertebrate diversity indices (rs = 0.20, p = 0.25), richness (rs = 0.24, p = 0.16) and evenness (rs = 0.29, p = 0.04). The relationships between aquatic plants and physico-chemical variables were negative; pH (rs = -0.02, p = 0.90), conductivity (rs = -0.45, p = 0.00), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) (rs = -0.43, p = 0.01) and salinity (rs = -0.34, p = 0.56). However, temperature was positively correlated (rs = 0.25, p = 0.14) with aquatic plants. Similarly, macroinvertebrate diversity was negatively correlated with pH (rs = -0.31, p = 0.07), temperature (rs = -0.11, p = 0.54), conductivity (rs = -0.24, p = 0.17), TDS (rs = -0.24, p = 0.16) and salinity (rs = -0.27, p = 0.12). Family Biotic Index (FBI) indicated good physical condition of lake water with some organic pollution. The lake water level was estimated to rise by 0.05 m through a potential RWH of 1,784.37 m3 from the roof catchment area of 2,221.01 m2.
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Nanteza, Jamiat, Brian Thomas, Jesse Kisembe, Rhoda Nakabugo, Paul Isolo Mukwaya, and Mathew Rodell. "A Google Earth-GIS based approach to examine the potential of the current rainwater harvesting practices to meet water demands in Mityana district, Uganda." PLOS Water 1, no. 11 (November 23, 2022): e0000045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pwat.0000045.
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Rainwater harvesting (RWH) has become an integral part of global efforts to improve water access. Despite the increasing adoption of RWH in Uganda, there remains a significant knowledge gap in the assessment of RWH systems to meet water demands. In this study, a simplified methodology to estimate rainwater harvesting potential (RWHP) as a function of mean seasonal rainfall and rooftop area, generated using Google Earth and GIS tools is applied. Desired tank storage (DTS) capacities based on user population, demand and dry period lengths, were compared with RWHP to assess whether rooftop areas and tank storage can sustainably supply water for use during the March—May (MAM) and September-November (SON) 90-day dry periods, for three demand levels (i.e. for drinking and cooking (15 litres per capita per day (l/c/d)); for drinking, cooking and hand washing (20 l/c/d); and for drinking, cooking, hand washing, bathing and laundry (50 l/c/d)). Our findings document minimum catchment areas of 60m2 to have rainwater harvesting potential that can sustain households for 90-day dry periods for all three demand levels. However, considering their storage capacities, 25%, 48% and 97% of the existing RWHTs (with storage capacities below 8,000, 10,000 and 20,000 litres respectively) are unable to meet the demand of 15 l/c/d, 20 l/c/d and 50 l/c/d respectively for a 90-day dry period. The results document that the existing storage systems are under-sized for estimated water use under 50 l/c/d demand scenarios. Costs of between 2,000,000–4,500,000 Ugandan shillings (~ 600–1, 250 USD) would be needed to increase existing tank capacities to meet the 50 l/c/d demands for a 90-day dry period. These findings document onerous financial costs to achieve rainwater harvesting potential, meaning that households in Mityana district may have to resort to other sources of water during times of shortage.
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Rivero, Roberto Mena, Ricardo Enrique Vega Azamar, Flor Virginia Cruz Gutiérrez, David Gustavo Rejón Parra, and Fermín Téllez Gómez. "Inversión máxima para incrementar la disponibilidad de agua en comunidades de la zona limítrofe entre Quintana Roo y Campeche, México." South Florida Journal of Development 2, no. 5 (October 10, 2021): 6475–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv2n5-015.
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La baja disponibilidad de agua potable de buena calidad puede ser complementada con agua proveniente de la lluvia, si esta última es recolectada en cantidad suficiente para cubrir la demanda, aprovechándose esta combinación para resolver el problema de abastecimiento, todo esto sujeto a restricciones de inversión. El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo presentar un análisis de los sistemas de captación de agua de lluvia existentes en la zona limítrofe entre los estados mexicanos de Quintana Roo y Campeche para estimar los montos de inversión máxima que justifiquen un proyecto de mejora en la disponibilidad de agua de lluvia. En esta investigación se identificó el nivel de aprovechamiento y los requerimientos de los sistemas de captación de agua pluvial en techos (SCAPT) y se determinó el monto de inversión máxima para solucionar esta situación problemática. Los resultados muestran que los SCAPT no se aprovechan debido a limitaciones o subutilización en la superficie de captación y/o capacidad de almacenamiento, por lo que se recurre al suministro de agua en pipas. Se concluye que se puede sustituir el acarreo en pipas por agua de lluvia con un adecuado dimensionamiento de la superficie y el volumen de captación, asegurando el consumo de agua mínimo recomendado, con una inversión menor de la que se requeriría para la implementación de un sistema de abastecimiento de agua convencional.
Low availability of good quality drinking water can be complemented with rainwater, if the latter is collected in sufficient quantity to cover the demand, taking advantage of this combination to solve the supply problem, all of this subject to investment restrictions. The present work aims to present an analysis of the existing rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems in the border area between the Mexican states of Quintana Roo and Campeche to estimate the maximum investment amount that justifies a project to improve rainwater availability. In this research, the use level and the requirements of rooftop rainwater harvesting (RTRWH) systems were identified and the maximum investment amount needed to solve this problematic situation was determined. Results show that RTRWH systems are not used due to insufficient or underutilized catchment area and / or storage capacity, so water is supplied in tankers. It is concluded that transport in tankers can be replaced by RTRWH with an adequate dimensioning of surface and catchment volume, ensuring the minimum recommended water supply, with a lower investment than that required for the implementation of a conventional water supply system.
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Deshmukh, Tanmay, Himanshu Chandragupta Raipure, Shubham Borkar, Ujwal Shingne, kshay Keshav Mankar, Chirag Shinde, Ayush Prafull Sahare, and Amol Dongre. "A Review on Recent Trends in Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting Technologies." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 1180–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42428.
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Abstract: Water is one of the world's most valuable resources. Water is required for a variety of tasks in our daily lives. The traditional method of damming rivers and transferring water to urban areas has its own set of social and political difficulties. In order to preserve water and satisfy our daily demands, we must consider alternative cost-effective and relatively simple technical techniques of water conservation. Rooftop rainwater collecting is one of the most effective ways to meet these needs. To begin, the necessary data, such as catchment regions and hydrological rainfall data, are gathered. The collected water must be analysed physically, chemically, and biologically in a laboratory setting. The rooftop's water collecting potential must be calculated. In this review paper methods of analyzing rooftop materials, basic rooftop designing for rainwater harvesting and new technological updates in identification and evaluation of a potential rooftop for rainwater harvesting are reviewed. Keywords: Rwh , Gis , Materials , Remote Sensing
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Villar-Navascués, Rubén, Alfredo Pérez-Morales, and Salvador Gil-Guirado. "Assessment of Rainwater Harvesting Potential from Roof Catchments through Clustering Analysis." Water 12, no. 9 (September 19, 2020): 2623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092623.
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Rainwater harvesting from rooftop catchments represents a climate change adaptation measure that is especially significant in areas affected by water scarcity. This article develops a Geographic Information Systems-based methodology to evaluate the spatial distribution of rainwater catchment potential to identify the most favorable urban areas for the installation of these infrastructures. Since performance and water saving potential of rainwater harvesting systems greatly depends on population density and roof size, this assessment was performed for each residential plot on a per capita basis, based on cadastral data and a method of demographic disaggregation. Furthermore, to evaluate spatial variation of runoff coefficient per building, a supervised classification was carried out to consider the influence of roof types on the rainwater catchment potential. After calculating rainwater catchment potential per capita for each residential plot, the spatial clustering of high (hot spots) and low values (cold spots) was assessed through the Getis-Ord General G statistic. Results indicate a spatial pattern of high rainwater catchment potential values in low-density urban areas, where rainwater catchment systems are expected to offer a better performance and a shorter amortization period. These results may be useful for the enactment of local legislation that regulates the obligation to install these infrastructures or offers subsidies for their implementation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rooftop catchment area"
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Delgado, Gonzalez Carlos Javier. "Rooftop-place suitability analysis for urban air mobility Hubs: A GIS and neural network approach." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/93642.
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Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geospatial TechnologiesNowadays, constant overpopulation and urban expansion in cities worldwide have led to several transport-related challenges. Traffic congestion, long commuting, parking difficulties, automobile dependence, high infrastructure maintenance costs, poor public transportation, and loss of public space are some of the problems that afflict major metropolitan areas. Trying to provide a solution for the future inner-city transportation, several companies have worked in recent years to design aircraft prototypes that base their technology on current UAVs. Therefore, vehicles with electrical Vertical Take-Off and Landing (eVTOL) technology are rapidly emerging so that they can be included in the Urban Air Mobility (UAM) system. For this to become a reality, space agencies, governments and academics are generating concepts and recommendations to be considered a safe means of transportation for citizens. However, one of the most relevant points for this future implementation is the suitable location of the potential UAM hubs within the metropolitan areas. Since although UAM vehicles can take advantage of infrastructure such as roofs of buildings to clear and land, several criteria must be considered to find the ideal location. As a solution, this thesis seeks to carry out an integral rooftop-place suitability analysis by involving both the essential variables of the urban ecosystem and the adequate rooftop surfaces for UAM operability. The study area selected for this research is Manhattan (New York, U.S), which is the most densely populated metropolitan area of one of the megacities in the world. The applied methodology has an unsupervised-data-driving and GIS-based approach, which is covered in three sections. The first part is responsible for analyzing the suitability of place when evaluating spatial patterns given by the application of Self-Organizing Maps on the urban ecosystem variables attached to the city census blocks. The second part is based on the development of an algorithm in Python for both the evaluation of the flatness of the roof surfaces and the definition of the UAM platform type suitable for its settlement. The final stage performs a combined analysis of the suitability indexes generated for the development of UAM hubs. Results reflect that 16% of the roofs in the study area have high integral suitability for the development of UAM hubs, where UAVs platforms and Vertistops (small size platforms) are the types that can be the most settled in Manhattan. The reproducibility self-assessment of this research when considering Nüst et al. [45] criteria (https://osf.io/j97zp/) is: 2, 1, 2, 1, 1 (input data, preprocessing, methods, computational environment, results). GitHub repository code is available in https://github.com/carlosjdelgadonovaims/rooftop-place_suitability_analysis_for_Urban_Air_Mobility_hubs