Dissertations / Theses: 'Romania History 20th century'

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Davis, Robert Chris. "Certifiably Romanian : national belonging and contested identity of the Moldavian Csangos 1923-85." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669924.

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Kinder, John Oliver. "Power in stalinist states: the personality cult of Nicolae Ceausescu." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91168.

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This study examines the Socialist Republic of Romania as a Stalinist state which employs a personality cult. The leader of a state is the focus of a personality cult, but he does not enjoy the status it gives without consent from elsewhere within the government. In order to determine where this power comes from, three possible sources are discussed. These are: Nicolae Ceausescu, president of Romania; the state bureaucracy; and the people. The Soviet Union, during the time of Stalin, is used as a comparative element. When Nicolae Ceausescu came to power he did so with the consent of the elite. As the Romanian elite are less inclined to support his policies, Ceausescu has had to continually take steps to stay ahead of the opposition. The Romanian people also lent their support to Ceausescu earlier, and have since become discontented with the regime. This study concludes that a leader with a personality cult must have some form of consent to come into power, but his personal characteristics will determine how he leads and whether or not he will be able to remain in power if that consent is withdrawn.
M.A.

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Stokes, Thomas Hubert Jr. "Audience, intention, and rhetoric in Pascal and Simone Weil." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185120.

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This dissertation examines audience, intention, and rhetoric in the writings of Blaise Pascal and Simone Weil. Despite the differences in historical period, ethnic heritage, sex, and milieux, which separate them, these two writers are astonishingly similar with regard to those for whom they wrote--audience--the subject matter of their writings--intention--and their skilled and self-conscious use of language in addressing their audiences and themes--rhetoric. Each of them wrote scientific or philosophical works, and polemical works, intended for a certain public; each of them then wrote, in the final years of their short lives, long notebook or journal entries, a record of spiritual experience which has since been edifying to others besides themselves. The guiding principle here is the function of language. This means how it works (rhetoric), but also, for what purpose (intention) and for whom (audience). We find many metaphors of function in Pascal and Simone Weil. The motivating concern of this dissertation is how Pascal and Simone Weil articulate, through language, God's response to man's yearnings toward God.

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Nagae, Neide Hissae. "De Katai a Dazai: apontamentos para uma morfologia do romance do eu." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8151/tde-14052007-151503/.

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O presente trabalho constitui um estudo sobre um conjunto de obras pertencentes ao gênero japonês de cunho autobiográfico denominado Romance do Eu, com o intuito de traçar características comuns a essas obras que sirvam como apontamentos para uma morfologia desse gênero surgido no início do século XX. Num primeiro momento, situamos o Romance do Eu no contexto histórico-literário do Japão e apresentamos as discussões de estudiosos japoneses na fase inicial de desenvolvimento dessa forma literária, além da visão de dois estudiosos estrangeiros sobre o gênero. Nesse percurso, traçamos ligações entre as obras estudadas com a repressão ideológica e o exercício da liberdade de expressão na postura acuada e resignada dos protagonistas, encontradas num conjunto de obras analisadas num segundo momento, que vão desde 1906, com a obra Futon (Acolchoado), de Tayama Katai, até o final da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Tais obras revelaram uma sensível e rica diversidade quando analisadas pelos elementos da narrativa que estruturam o texto, mas não foi possível encontrar textualmente aspectos que identificassem o protagonista da obra com seu autor. Na realidade, elas se mostraram uma forma velada de contestação ao sistema autoritário do Japão ao centrarem seu conteúdo em fatos da vida pessoal do autor e parodiarem os romances europeus introduzidos na época. Esse dialogismo do Romance do Eu desenvolve-se também no nível textual da obra de Dazai Osamu, intitulada Pôr-do-Sol, escrita em 1947, logo após a rendição do Japão e ainda sob a ocupação das tropas norte-americanas, incumbidas de iniciar a democratização do país. O estudo desenvolvido nesse terceiro momento mostra que o autor utiliza, ainda, outras formas literárias que privilegiaram a ficção na literatura japonesa, elabora personagens que são desdobramentos de si mesmo e que dialogam entre si e faz uso de diferentes formas narrativas, que se mesclam à intertextualidade de obras japonesas e ocidentais, criando, assim, uma obra que dispensa o rótulo de Romance do Eu e assegura a sobrevivência dessa forma narrativa na prosa moderna do Japão.
ABSTRACT From Katai to Dazai: Notes for Morphology of the Novel of the Self consists of a study on a set of literary works belonging to the autobiographical character Japanese genre denominated Novel of the Self, aiming at outlining common characteristics to these works that serve as notes for a morphology of this genre started in the beginning of the XX century. In a first instance the Novel of the Self is placed in the Japanese historical-literary context and the discussions of Japanese scholars in the initial development phase of this literary form are presented, as well as the vision of two foreign scholars about the genre. In this trajectory are outlined connections of the works studied with the ideological repression and the exercise of the freedom of expression in the cornered and acquiescent posture of protagonists, being these connections found in a set of works analyzed in a second instance, comprehending 1906 with the work of Futon (Quilt) by Tayama Katai, up to the end of the Second World War. Such works have revealed an insightful and rich diversity when analyzed by the elements of the narrative which structure the text, but aspects that could identify the work?s protagonist with its author have not been possible to find textually. As a matter of fact, they have revealed a veiled way of contest to the Japan?s authoritative way as they have focused their content on facts of the author?s personal life and parodied the European novels introduced at that time. This dialogism in the Novel of the Self is also developed on the textual level of the work of Dazai Osamu entitled Sunset, written in 1947, right after the surrender of Japan while under the occupation of the American troops charged with the task of beginning the country?s democratization. The study developed in this third instance reveals that the author uses, in addition, other literary forms that benefit the fiction in the Japanese literature, makes up characters that are developments of himself and that also talk among themselves, and makes use of different forms of narratives that merge to the intertextuality of Japanese and Western works, creating, as a result, a work that excuses the label of Novel of the Self and, assures the endurance of this narrative form in the Japans modern prose.

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Aulls, Katharina. "Mutter-Tochter Beziehungen in deutschsprachigen Romanen im Jahrzehnt nach dem "Jahr der Frau"." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74348.

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This dissertation examines mother-daughter relationships in six novels written by German speaking women authors in the decade after the "Year of the Woman." Three novels depict positive mother-daughter relations: Ausflug mit der Mutter (1976), by Gabriele Wohmann, Gestern war Heute (1979), by Ingeborg Drewitz, Die dreizehnte Fee (1983), by Katja Behrens. Three others portray a negative mother-daughter relationship: Die Eisheiligen (1979), by Helga Novak, Die Zuchtigung (1985), by Waltraud Anna Mitgutsch, and Die Klavierspielerin (1983), by Elfriede Jelinek. Common to all novels is a strong autobiographical tendency and the central importance of the mother in the development of the daughter's self-identity.
The complexity and problems of mother-daughter relationships are analyzed as an outcome of female socialization within a patriarchal society. Chapter I deals with historical, economic and psychological oppression of women. The resulting internalization of the role of inferiority and dependency leads to the subsequent repression of their own daughters. Chapter II discusses new contributions in the fields of psychology and sociology to the understanding of female identity formation through relationships. Chapter III provides a two-pronged analysis of each novel by describing the individual mother-daughter relationship in comparison with the outcomes of Chapters I and II, and by addressing the narrator's process of putting the experience into a unique literary form and thus contributing to women's literature.
Themes that are unique in each novel are: the emotional stress of the adult daughter trying to redefine her relationship with her widowed mother (Ausflug mit der Mutter), the dichotomy of woman in her nurturing role as mother and in her quest for self-realization (Gestern war Heute), the difficulty of breaking the repetitive cycle of the female role of dependency (Die dreizehnte Fee). All of the following novels assess the damaged self-identity of the daughter caused by a destructive mother. While the daughters survive due to fierce resistance (Die Eisheiligen) or escape into the world of art (Die Zuchtigung) there is no hope for the daughter in Die Klavierspielerin due to her identification with the oppressor.

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Pricop, Lucian. "L'identité de la littérature roumaine: écrivains, éditeurs et lecteurs à la fin du XIXe siècle et au début du XXe siècle." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209502.

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Notre recherche a examiné un phénomène communicationnel susceptible d’éclairer le processus de la modernisation de la société roumaine au tournant des XIXe et XXe siècles :il s’agit de la transformation de l’édition d’une société manufacturière dans « une proto-industrie culturelle » et de la création d’une sphère publique dans ce monde en constante redéfinition. Le rapport entre la croissance des biens culturels produits par les éditeurs et celle de l’intérêt des individus pour la lecture est le centre de notre recherche. Autrement dit, nous avons évalué la fonction sociale de la littérature roumaine et le rôle des livres sur le marché des produits culturels et informationnels. L’intervalle relativement long, de 1880 à 1914, nous a permis de confronter les données spécifiques à la production de littérature d’une manière diachronique, en analysant les stratégies économiques et politiques des acteurs et aussi les conflits résultant des rapports de pouvoir entre ceux-ci. L’analyse des conditions de ces mutations a déterminé les rôles sociaux des instances, les dialogues, les confrontations entre les acteurs et les publics. Nous avons identifié une crise de la littérature roumaine originelle qui a mobilisé une sorte d’internationalisation de la production littéraire. La concurrence des biens, des marchandises culturelles « importées » de l’Occident sous la forme des traductions ou des reformulations est l’un des « potentiateurs » de la création littéraire autochtone.

Les lectures croisées de documents (plans éditoriaux, correspondance, presse, journaux intimes et professionnels, etc.) et de sources secondaires (histoires littéraires, travaux de critique, manuels, etc.) nous ont permis de suivre l’évolution des intentions, des objectifs, des réalités et des conséquences sur ce qu’on considère l’histoire officielle de la littérature. Les différences entre les étapes démontrent, d’une manière assez exacte, les degrés de pouvoir des forces impliquées dans la production du canon littéraire ;elles illustrent aussi l’emprise croissante de l’idéologie sur le champ culturel à partir de la fin du XIXe siècle. L’analyse diachronique des parutions éditoriales à travers les 34 années étudiées reflète les changements des politiques culturelles de l’Etat. L’analyse appliquée à la politique éducationnelle de la discipline littérature roumaine nous a permis d’envisager une modification de la stratégie de l’Etat dans ce domaine et de questionner ses effets sur la création du patrimoine national.

Le littéraire, acteur central de notre recherche, nous a donné la possibilité d’instrumentaliser plusieurs notions appartenant à l’histoire du livre et de l’édition. De cette manière, les tensions présentes à l’intérieur de l’analyse historique de la littérature ont été transformées en sujet de réflexion, voire de rétablissement de certaines positions de domination. Le concept d’identité bibliographique est convoqué pour réaliser une lecture diachronique d’une époque. Nous avons identifié et analysé toute une série de problématiques passionnantes, telles les relations entre les instances impliquées dans la production, la circulation et la réception des livres littéraires durant la période 1880-1914.

The PhD thesis entitled The Romanian Literary Identity. Writers, Publishers and Readers in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries examines a communication phenomenon, constituting a scientific enterprise that aims to clarify some aspects relating to the modernization of Romanian society during the Belle Époque: we have in mind the transformation of the “publishing house” from a business dealing with handmade items into a “proto-industrial culture” and the creation of a public sphere in a world constantly seeking to define itself. The relationship between the increasing number of cultural goods produced by publishers and the growing interest in reading among the people represents a main focus of this research. In other words, we tried to assess the social function of Romanian literature and the role of books on the market for cultural and informational products. By choosing a fairly long period of time (1880-1914), we were able to confront the data pertaining to literary production in a diachronic manner, analyzing the economic and political strategies of the “actors”, as well as the conflicts arising from the power relations between those actors. The analysis of the circumstances surrounding the transformations undergone by the Romanian cultural area enabled us to determine more clearly the social roles of the participants, the interactions and confrontations between actors and audiences. We could identify a crisis of the original Romanian literature, a crisis that fostered the “internationalization” of the literary production. The competition between cultural goods “imported” from the West in the form of translations or adaptations was one of the factors enhancing local literary production.

The cross-reading of documents (editorial plans, correspondence, press, personal and professional diaries etc.) allowed us to evaluate the evolution of the intentions, goals, realities and consequences of the official history of Romanian literature (which has its origins in this period). The differences between these stages revealed the power statuses of the forces involved in producing the literary canon; they also showed the growing influence of ideology on the cultural field since the end of the nineteenth century. The diachronic analysis of the titles published in the 34 years under scrutiny reflects the changes ocurring in the cultural policies of the state. The educational strategies concerning Romanian literature as a field of study revealed the state’s attitude change towards this area, which enabled us to assess the effects on the development of the “national literary heritage”.

The literary field, the central actor of our research, opened the possibility to operationalize several concepts pertaining to the history of book publishing. Thus, the tensions existing within the historical analysis of literature were transformed into a subject of reflection, even re-establishing some positions of dominance. The notion of bibliographical identity was employed in order to do a diachronic reading of the era.

The research conducted for this dissertation gave us the opportunity to identify and analyze a range of exciting issues, such as the relationship between the participants involved in the production, dissemination and reception of literary works between 1880 and 1914.

Doctorat en Langues et lettres
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Horvãth, Réka. "La représentation politique de la minorité hongroise de Roumanie: l'Alliance Démocrate Hongroise de Roumanie." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210767.

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Dans ma thèse j’analyse l’Alliance Démocrate Hongroise de Roumanie (RMDSZ, UDMR, DAHR), l’organisation qui a représenté la minorité hongroise de Roumanie dans le Parlement de la Roumanie entre 1990-2004. La troisième partie de la thèse qui contient l’analyse de l’Alliance Démocrate Hongroise de Roumanie se structure autour des sujets suivants :l’émergence de l’UDMR ;les résultats électoraux de l’UDMR; les relations qui se sont établies entre l’UDMR et les partis politiques roumaines, les partis politiques de Hongrie, les organisations internationales; les changements des programmes de l’UDMR; l’autonomie; la structure de l’UDMR; les initiatives législatives de l’UDMR; la vie interne de l’UDMR.

La thèse contient aussi une mis en perspective historique, le recensement et la brève analyse des organisations et des partis qui entre 1920-1989 ont voulu représenter la minorité hongroise de Roumanie. La thèse inclut également un chapitre qui analyse les revendications liées à l’enseignement en langue hongroise des partis/des organisations hongroise entre 1920-2004.

The thesis analyses UDMR (RMDSZ/DAHR), the organization that represented the Hungarian minority in the Romanian Parliament between 1990-2004. The third part consists of the analysis of the DAHR and it has as guidelines the following themes: the establishing of DAHR; the electoral results of DAHR; the relationship between DAHR and the Romanian political parties; the relationship between DAHR and the political parties from Hungary; DAHR and the international organizations; the changes of the DAHR’s program; autonomy; the structure of DAHR; the legislative drafts of DAHR; the internal life of DAHR.

The thesis speaks also about the organizations/parties that have been representing the Hungarians in the political life of Romania between 1920-1989. In the same time, the last chapter analyses the demands of the Hungarian organizations/parties regarding the education in the Hungarian language at all levels, demands from the period of 1920-2004.

Doctorat en sciences politiques
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Armstrong, Jeanne Marie. "Uncivilized women and erotic strategies of border zones or demythologizing the romance of conquest." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187509.

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The contact of two different cultures in the colonization process produces a zone of cultural mingling that resembles Victor Turner's concept of "liminality" referring to states or persons that elude classification. This study considers the repercussions of colonization on the lives of women characters in novels about four different "post-colonial" contexts--Native American, Jamaican, Irish and Mexican American. These novels reflect both the unique historical circumstances of each context and common themes that occur due to colonization and transcend the specific cultures such as the mourning of personal and collective loss, liminal states of consciousness and mingling of cultures. The introductory chapter examines the particular historical contexts of each novel and the theories of Abdul JanMohamed and Frantz Fanon on colonization. This study also applies the work of Victor Turner, Mary Douglas, Julia Kristeva, Gloria Anzaldua, Homi Bhaba and others to an examination of the subversive cultural formations that evolve through the boundary dissolution of colonization. Chapter two considers Louise Erdrich's novel Tracks in which the decimation of the Anishinabe people is the context for the three primary characters who have experienced personal and collective loss and respond by resisting or adapting to colonization. Chapter three examines Erna Brodber's Myal and the impact of the manichean colonial ideology on a Jamaican woman who is literally half-black and half-white. Chapter four addresses Julia O'Faolain's No Country for Young Men, a novel about two women, one who lived through the early twentieth century movement for Irish independence and the other who is her great niece, that have both been silenced and sexually controlled by colonialism and Irish Catholicism. The fifth and final chapter examines Lucha Corpi's Delia's Song about a young Chicana activist who has suffered losses on several levels and recovers by writing an autobiographical novel that weaves the personal and political issues of her life. All four novels are concerned with the liminal states of consciousness in these women characters and their efforts to both find love and tell their stories, thus counteracting the colonizer's version of history.

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Bartos, Emil. "The concept of deification in Eastern Orthodox theology with detailed reference to Dumitru Staniloae." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683144.

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Young, Erin S. "Corporate heroines and utopian individualism: A study of the romance novel in global capitalism." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11460.

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x, 195 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.
This dissertation explores two subgenres of popular romance fiction that emerge in the 1990s: "corporate" and "paranormal" romance. While the formulaic conventions of popular romance have typically centralized the gendered tension between hero and heroine, this project reveals that "corporate" and "paranormal" romances negotiate a new primary conflict, the tension between work and home in the era of global capitalism. Transformations in political economy also occur at the level of personal and emotional life, which constitute the central problem that contemporary romances attempt to resolve. Drawing from sociological studies of globalization and intimacy, feminist criticism, and queer theory, I argue that these subgenres mark the transition from what David Harvey calls Fordist capitalism to flexible or global capitalism as the primary social condition negotiated in the popular romance. My analysis demonstrates that corporate and paranormal romance novels reflect changing ideals about intimacy in a globalized world that is increasingly influenced, socially and culturally, by the values and philosophies that dominate the marketplace. Each of these subgenres offers a distinct formal resolution to the cultural and social effects of a flexible capitalist economy. The "corporate" romances of Jayne Ann Krentz, Nora Roberts, Elizabeth Lowell, and Katherine Stone feature heroines who constantly navigate the dual and intersecting arenas of work and home in an effort to locate a balance that leads to success and happiness in both realms. In contrast, the "paranormal" romances of Laurell K. Hamilton, Charlaine Harris, Kelley Armstrong, and Carrie Vaughn dissolve the tension between home and work, or the private and the public, by affirming the heroine's open and endless pursuit of pleasure, adventure, and self-fulfillment. Such new forms of romantic fantasy at once reveal the tension in globalization and the domination of corporate and masculinist values that the novels hope to overcome.
Committee in charge: David Leiwei Li, Chair; Mary Elene Wood; Cynthia H. Tolentino; Jiannbin L. Shiao

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Sirbu, Tatiana. "La politique des villages tsiganes en Bessarabie sous trois administrations: tsariste, roumaine et soviétique, 1812-1956." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209684.

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L’objet de cette recherche est la situation des Tsiganes de Bessarabie sous trois administrations :tsariste (1812-1918), roumaine (1918-1940, 1941-1944) et soviétique (1940-1941, 1944-156). Au niveau macro, nous nous sommes intéressés plus principalement à la politique des « villages tsiganes » qui est selon nous la plus révélatrice d’une continuité entre les trois administrations. Au niveau micro, nous avons suivi le parcours de quelques villages du centre et du sud de la Bessarabie sous ces trois administrations.

En schématisant, on peut affirmer que le régime tsariste a appliqué en Bessarabie une politique de sédentarisation forcée par ségrégation. Nous l’illustrons par le cas des « villages tsiganes » de Kair et Faraonovka. L’administration roumaine pendant la dictature d’Antonescu a appliqué une politique de déportation en dehors des frontières historiques de la Roumanie, même si au départ il était question de créer des « villages tsiganes » dans la région de Baragan dans la partie sud-est du pays. Le régime soviétique a opté pour une politique de ségrégation forcée par assimilation.

Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
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Cao, T. Y. "The intellectual history of 20th century field theories." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383778.

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Baumer, Andreas. "Urban rejuvenation : a contemporary urban topology for the information age." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1137647.

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A changing perception based on the appreciation for information in our era allows a broader idea and different understanding of life as a system driven by the flow of information. Simultaneously, our understanding of 'the' urban was broadened. It enabled us to perceive urban structures as living organisms beyond their physical manifestation and separated from human control. Like species, our cities are great products of evolutionary forces and contain invaluable information worth preserving.When writing about urban spaces, urban is understood as a system which is constituted not so much by built forms and infrastructures, but as a heterogeneous field that is constituted by intervention and lines of forces and action. These lines form the coordinates of an urban topology that is not based on the human body and its movements in space alone, but also on relational acts and events within the urban system. These relational acts can be economic, political, technological or tectonic processes, as well as acts of communication. The urban is therefore quite different from the physically defined spaces of events and movements.The focal point of this paper is to explore the relationship between the spaces of movement, the spaces of events and the relational systemic 'spaces'. It will be attempted to identify fundamental processes behind urban design. Rules are derived from connective principles in complexity theory, systems theory, pattern recognition, and artificial intelligence.
Department of Architecture

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Braun, Ramona. "Laparoscopy as a neo-eugenic practice, 1940s-60s." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708461.

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Ng, Kin-yuen. "Constitutional developments in China and Japan from the mid 19th century to the early 20th century." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13280181.

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Ng, Kin-yuen, and 吳健源. "Constitutional developments in China and Japan from the mid 19th century to the early 20th century." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31950395.

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Arthur, Brid Caitrin. "Envisioning Lhasa: 17-20th century paintings of Tibet's sacred city." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437525195.

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蕭芬琪 and Fun-kee Siu. "The case of Wang Yiting (1867-1938): a uniquefigure in early twentieth century Chinese art history." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31223357.

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Costello, Paul. "The goals of the world historians : paradigms in world history in twentieth century." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74629.

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Following Nietzsche, Oswald Spengler posed the central problems of the cyclical history of civilization in the twentieth century. Subsequent world historical theorists have attempted to answer Spengler's nihilistic perspective on the destined rise and fall of all cultures by rescuing a progressive movement which transcended the downfall of civilizations. World history since Spengler has been written in pursuit of an answer to the crises of modernism: to the 'Death of God,' the problem of progress, the emergent technological order with its bureaucratic management of society, and the need sensed by the metahistorians for a new 'mythical' grounding to avert the fall of the West. The "Crisis of the West" dominates the perspectives of the world historians. Their goals for the solution of 'modernism,' through the religious transformation of society or political and cultural world unity, are central to their motivation as writers and to the formulation of their paradigms.

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葉翠蓮 and Chui-lin Yip. "Women's movement in Tianjin during the May Fourth Era=." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31641453.

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Yu, Xuying, and 郁旭映. "Alternative modernity discourse and intellectual politics in modern and contemporary China: a case study ofXueheng school." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48079844.

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This thesis sets to sketch Chinese intellectuals’ sustained efforts to search for an alternative modernity to the Western model throughout the twentieth century, and uncover the interaction between intellectual politics and Chinese modernity discourse by historicizing and contextualizing Chinese modernity discourse. This study starts with delineating the consistence and the inconsistence of Chinese modernity discourses by juxtaposing different historical conditions and examining reappeared trends of thoughts. Three intellectual currents, i.e., cultural conservatism, humanism, and professionalism, which emerged in the May Fourth period and remerged in the post-socialist condition, are examined to mirror the spiral dynamics and the locus of Chinese modernity. Their respective roles in reconstructing Chinese cultural, ethical and academic orders in response to Western model of modernity are highlighted in the research. Cultural conservatism attempts to legitimize the Chinese culture in the framework of global modernity by resetting or reinterpreting the dialectical relation between the whole and part, universalism, and essentialism. Humanism emphasizes the standard, the guidance of authority, and the self-perfection to resist the ethical disorder caused by the so-called “modern spirit”, which is embodied by individualism, romanticism, and the immoderate expansion of desire. Professionalism influences the pattern of producing and reproducing knowledge about modernity by re-standardizing the academic and the discursive fields and by remolding the identity of the agents. After exposing how the “alternative modernity” in China, as a discursive-political device, has been produced and repackaged with various contents and meanings, this thesis proceeds to explore the intellectual pedestal of Chinese modernity discourses from two aspects. First, how do the intellectual strategies of self-positioning and position-taking influence knowledge production and reproduction of the Chinese modernity discourse; second, how articulation and re-articulation of modernity discourse reflect the self-adjustments of intellectual politics as well as identity shifts. Through the comparative and diachronic examinations, it poses that, as Chinese modernity discourse is increasingly served as a symbolic capital or a strategy of intellectual politics, it gradually loses its authenticity or even becomes a signifier without signified. Meanwhile, the state-led modernization practice is reversely becoming homogenous, stable, and less diverse, although the dominant ideology, namely, socialism with Chinese characteristics, is, in itself, hybrid, paradoxical, and strategically manufactured.
published_or_final_version
Comparative Literature
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

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Asbury, Michael. "Hélio Oiticica : politics and ambivalence in 20th century Brazilian art." Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2003. http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/8953/.

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This study investigates the presence of ambivalence as a strategy of cultural politics from modern to contemporary art in Brazil. It focuses on the development of modern art leading to the work of Hélio Oiticica, whose approach to avant-garde practice in Brazil was concurrent with intense articulations between the forces of social change and re-evaluations of the legacy of Modernism. The thesis has a strong historiographical emphasis and is organised in three parts: Part one attempts to view the emergence of Modernism in Brazil beyond the prevailing interpretations that emphasise its inadequacy compared to canonical paradigms. Part two discusses the development of abstraction in Brazil, particularly that associated with the constructivist tradition and its relationship with the prevailing positivism of a nation that saw modernity as its inevitable destiny. Such a relationship, between art and ideology, implicitly questions the purported autonomous nature of modern art. Again, what emerged were definite regional distinctions, themselves based on seemingly universal theoretical propositions. The context of Hélio Oiticica's emergence as a constructivist-oriented artist is discussed in order to establish the theoretical foundation for his subsequent articulations between notions of avant-garde and Brazilian popular culture. Part three deals with Oiticica's theoretical and artistic proposals. It centres on the artist's transition from a position concerned primarily with the aesthetic questions of art, to one in which art became engaged on a social, ethical and ultimately political level. Oiticica's relationship with concurrent developments in theatre and later in music and cinema is given particular attention. The artist's questioning of the divides between such fields of specialisation, socio-cultural borders or categories of creative production is argued to have arisen out of Oiticica's lessons from Neoconcretism as well as his individual creative approach to relations of friendship. The latter integrated the wider concept of participation that eventually drove the work through the apparent equivocation between national culture and avant-garde practice. The study concludes with an analysis of the artist's posthumous dissemination and its relation with today's contemporary Brazilian art.

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Cohen, Robin John. "British energy crisis management : a comparative study in the 20th century." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301572.

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Kachnowski, Stanislaw. "A history of medical technology in post-colonial India : the development of technology in medicine from 1947-1991." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a98170a0-f494-401e-9ad3-4483e89f6359.

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Over the past 60 years, India has undergone immense political, economic, and social changes, which have led to its emergence as a global economic power and regional military power. During this period, the population has surged, growing from 233 million to 1.2 billion people, making India the second most populous nation in the world. In the course of this change, there have been key indicators of medical progress, such as rising life expectancy and a falling infant mortality rate. Another striking indicator, specifically in the area of medical technology, is the fact that India in 2006 was a net exporter of HIV medications to dozens of countries around the globe, earning a reputation as the pharmacist of the developing world. Although many books and papers have been written about the emergence of the country's economy and military, little has been written on how it has been able to achieve its leadership in medical technology. This thesis, 'A History of Medical Technology in Postcolonial India: 1947-1991', is the first major study examining the development of medical technology in India in the period directly following colonial rule. The period covered in this research is crucial because it highlights the evolution and impact of medical technology in postcolonial India, leading up to, but excluding, the free-market reforms enacted by the Indian government in 1991. This thesis will also illustrate the impact diffusion had on the evolution of medical technology. Most importantly, this thesis introduces a new concept appropriate to understanding India's trajectory in this period: the medical technology complex. It will be shown that this complex consists of different groups working toward an aligned objective. It is not the point of this thesis to characterize the medical technology complex in a positive light or a negative one. Its primary concern is to demonstrate through historical evidence that this construct grew throughout the twentieth century and still exists today.

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Saks, Catherine Marie. ""Real Americanism" : resistance to the Oregon Compulsory School Bill, 1920-1925." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4164.

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The early 1920s are generally described as a period of transition for American society. Many forces of change collided to create an unsettled atmosphere that appeared to threaten traditional American ideas and values. After World War I, the United States fostered a climate of anti-Catholicism and nativism out of fear that foreign ideas spelled the demise of traditional American values. These ideas were certainly not new to American culture as anti-Catholic sentiments figured prominently throughout the founding of the nation. During the early 1920s, however, a resurrected Ku Klux Klan promoted itself as the protector of American institutions. It won recruits with an identity as a secret society for white, Anglo-Saxon, Protestant citizens. The organization also exploited the political issues of the day to ingratiate itself within communities across the nation.

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Häusler, Clemens Albert Josef. "The transatlantic exchange between American liberals, British Labourites, and German social democrats from the mid-1950s to the mid-1970s." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609089.

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Hart, Bradley William. "British, German, and American eugenicists in transnational context, c. 1900-1939." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283886.

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Chapin, Charles Nicholas. "The turn to reading in twentieth-century literary criticism." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609859.

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Dughi, William Christian. "Shabashniks : a history of the USSR's dissenting protagonists of free enterprise." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36764.

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Shabashniks, as dissenting protagonists of free enterprise within the Soviet economic system did as much or more to undermine the political and economic security and control of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) than many of the more well known political dissidents of the Soviet era. While it was never the conscious or primary motivation of those Soviet citizens working as shabashniks to challenge the political primacy of the CPSU in their self proclaimed position as the vanguard of the development of communism in the Soviet Union, the scope and the scale of the private economic activities engaged in by shabashniks represented a significant source of the impetus for the eventual decline in the Party's monopoly on political and economic power.
This study investigates the place of shabashniks within the Soviet system, their contributions to that system and their part in its eventual decline. The narrative created as a result of this study relied primarily on Soviet newspaper, journal and magazine articles to describe the lifestyles of shabashniks. There were no Russian language monographs available on the subject at the time of this study. This study then combined the existing Soviet discussions concerning the private economic activities of shabashniks and the effects of those activities on the Soviet system, as reflected in the Soviet press, with the information gleaned from conversations the author had while working with and interviewing former shabashniks and Soviet citizens in Russia during the fall of 1994 and the winter 1997.

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Feng, Huanian, and 馮華年. "The reception of western art history in Republican China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31227326.

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Burkhardt, Alex. "Democrats into Nazis? : the radicalisation of the Bürgertum in Hof-an-der-Saale, 1918-1924." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16029.

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This thesis analyses the radicalisation of the bürgertum in a single Bavarian town, Hof-an-der-Saale, in the five years after the First World War. It is bookended by two important and enormously different elections. In the first of these – the January 1919 elections to the National Assembly – the bürgerliche districts of Hof voted almost entirely for the German Democratic Party, a left-liberal, pro-Republican party that called for a parliamentary democracy, the separation of church and state, rights for women, a renunciation of German militarism and a close collaboration with the Social Democrats. But just five years later, in the Reichstag elections of May 1924, these very same districts cast their votes for the Völkisch Block, a cover organisation for the then-banned Nazi Party. Within half a decade, then, Hof's bürgerliche milieu had switched its allegiance from a party of left-liberal democrats to the most radical nationalists in German history. Why did this dramatic and disturbing electoral turnaround occur? In an effort to answer this question, this thesis offers a detailed study of the narratives and discourses that circulated within Hof's bürgerliche milieu during this five-year period. It uses newspaper editorials, the minutes of political meetings, electoral propaganda, the documents of civic associations and commercial organisations, the Protestant newsletter and a range of other sources in an effort to reconstruct what Hof's Burghers thought, said and wrote between these two elections. What happened between January 1919 and May 1924 to transform Hof's bürgerliche inhabitants from Democrat into Nazi voters, and how did this startling change manifest itself at the level of discourse and political culture?

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Bayar, Yesim. "Turkish nation-building process : an analysis of language, education, and citizenship policies during the early Republic (1920-1938)." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115601.

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This study seeks to analyze the Turkish nation-building process during the early Republican period (1920-1938). In doing this, the substantive focus will be on three main dimensions --language, education, and citizenship -- with particular emphasis on the rhetoric and actions of the political elite.
By looking at language, education, and citizenship policies, and their formulations, the present analysis will make three main propositions: First, and in contrast to the existing literature on nations and nation-building, it will be demonstrated that the process of Turkish nation-building was neither a smooth nor an automatic process. Moreover, during the period under analysis, there were competing definitions of nationhood which were taken up, and discussed by the political elite. The final conceptualization of nationhood --which took an assimilationist form with an ethnic understanding attached to it -- was formed over time. At times, the process was wrought with tensions as illustrated by the heated debates among the political elite.
Second, the present analysis will seek to bring together two different ways of looking at nation formation. More specifically, the analysis will attempt to bridge the gap between those works which only underline the role of ideas in the formation of nations, and those which emphasize the role of structural forces. By paying attention to the "voices" (and actions) of the political elite, this study will demonstrate that it is not only ideas, nor is it only structural forces that matter. Rather, the crystallization of the contents of Turkish nationhood illustrates the interplay of ideological as well as geopolitical and political forces.
Third, a detailed analysis of the trajectory of Turkish nation-building and the formulation of Turkish nationhood reveals the complexity of this process. The existing literature on Turkey tends to treat the Kemalist era as an undifferentiated whole. The present work will remain critical to such an outlook. Instead, and by looking at the shifting conceptualizations of nationhood, it will seek to demonstrate the complexity and contingent nature of the Turkish nation-building process.

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Martyn, Elizabeth 1968. "Gender and nation in a new democracy : Indonesian women's organisations in the 1950s." Monash University, Dept. of Politics, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9112.

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Poulson, Stephen Chastain. "Confronting the West: Social Movement Frames in 20th Century Iran." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30008.

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The Iranian Revolution of 1979 received considerable attention from modern social scientists who study collective action and revolution because it allowed them to apply their different perspectives to an ongoing social event. Likewise, this work used the Iranian experience as an exemplar, focusing on a sequence of related social movement frames that were negotiated by Iranian groups from the late 19th through the 20th century. Snow and Benford (1992) have proposed that cycles of protest are associated with the development of a movement master frame. This frame is a broad collective orientation that enables people to interpret an event in a more or less uniform manner. This study investigated how movement groups in Iran developed master frames of mobilization during periodic cycles of protests from 1890 to the present. By investigating how master frames were negotiated by social movement actors over time, this work examined both the continuity and change of movement messages during periods of heightened social protest in Iran.
Ph. D.

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Hanekom, Wouter Pierre. "A history of tourism, leisure and adventure in the Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic, c.1895 to present." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86454.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis deals with the nature and historical development of tourism and leisure activities that have been conducted within the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic regions from 1895 to present. First, it traces the brief history of human involvement with the Antarctic continent, which culminated in a surge of ostensibly scientific exploration with jingoistic overtones which has become widely known as the ‘Heroic Age’ of Antarctic exploration. These explorers’ adventures, taken up by the popular press and promoted by jingoistic governments, popularised a particular conception of the continent to the point where people imagined going to see it for themselves, vicariously reliving their heroes’ adventures in the form of tourism. The rise of formal governance on the Antarctic is then traced and used to explain how this provided for regular tourist activities to commence since the mid-1960s. The changing nature of tourism to the region is surveyed, as well as its impact on the environment. Finally, Marion Island, South Africa’s Sub-Antarctic Island, is discussed through the lens of tourism and leisure. Tourism has not been permitted on the island, so it offers a useful comparison with other sub-Antarctic islands that do allow tourists to visit. The thesis also deals with masculinity, as the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic were male dominated environments for the majority of human interaction with these regions. The thesis argues that the accumulation of knowledge in these areas by scientists has (perhaps counter-intuitively) led to the creation of the tourism industry, which would not have been able to flourish without the constant human presence secured by the scientific bases scattered around the Antarctic. Finally, this thesis offers a form of autoethnographic historical investigation, as an insider/outsider dichotomy (between “scientist” and “tourist”) was explored through embedded research, where scientists and support personnel are viewed as insiders on the one hand, and tourists are regarded as outsiders on the other.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis handel oor die aard en historiese ontwikkeling van toerisme en ontspannings aktiwiteite wat binne die Antarktiese en sub-Antarktiese gebiede onderneem is vanaf 1895 tot die hede. Dit behandel eerstens die kort geskiedenis van menslike betrokkenheid op die Antarktiese vasteland, wat uitgeloop het op 'n oplewing van oënskynlik wetenskaplike eksplorasie met nasionalistiese konnotasies wat wyd bekend geword het as die ‘Helde Era’ van Antarktiese verkenning. Hierdie ontdekkingsreisigers se avonture, soos weerspieël in die populêre pers en bevorder deur nasionalistiese regerings, het 'n bepaalde opvatting van die vasteland gewild gemaak. Soveel so dat dit mense beweeg het om as toeriste die gebied te besoek en op die wyse hul helde se avonture te herleef in die vorm van toerisme. Die opkoms van die formele beheer van die Antarktiese vasteland word dan nagespeur en gebruik om aan te dui hoe dit teen die middel 1960’s tot aktiewe toerisme in die gebied aanleiding gegee het. Die veranderende aard van toerisme na die streek, sowel as die impak daarvan op die omgewing word ondersoek. Ten slotte, word Marion Island, Suid-Afrika se Sub-Antarktiese eiland bespreek deur die lens van toerisme en ontspanning. Toerisme word nie op die eiland toegelaat nie, wat hom leun tot 'n nuttige vergelyking met ander sub-Antarktiese eilande wat wel toerisme toelaat. Aangesien die meerderheid van die menslike interaksie met Antarktieka en die sub- Antarktiese eilande deur mans gedomineer is, handel die tesis ook oor manlikheid. Die tesis argumenteer dat die opbou van kennis in hierdie gebiede deur wetenskaplikes (miskien teenintuïtief) gelei het tot die skepping van die toerisme-bedryf, wat nie in staat sou gewees het om te floreer sonder die konstante menslike teenwoordigheid, wat deur die wetenskaplike basisse versprei oor die Antarktieka verskaf is nie. Ten slotte, bied hierdie tesis 'n vorm van ń etnografiese historiese ondersoek in die vorm van ń binnestaander / buitestaander teenstelling (tussen "wetenskaplike" en "toeris"), waar wetenskaplikes en ondersteunings personeel as binnestaanders, en toeriste, as buitestaanders beskou word.

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Bangham, Jenny. "Blood groups and the rise of human genetics in mid-twentieth century Britain." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/265573.

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This dissertation reconstructs how blood groups were made into pre-eminent objects of human genetic research and powerful markers for producing human biological difference. By tracing the ways in which three British laboratories became international centres for blood-group genetic research, it also offers an expanded history of postwar human genetics. In early 1930s Britain a community of geneticists, including R.A. Fisher and B.S. Haldane, promoted blood groups as having the potential to give the study of human heredity 'a solidly objective foundation, under strict statistical control'. Fisher and colleagues at the Cambridge Galton Serum Unit- especially Robert Race and Arthur Mourant- implemented this vision, the dissertation shows, using the arrangements for large-scale blood transfusion set up early in the Second World War. In 1946, Mourant became director of the Blood Group Reference Laboratory and Race of the Blood Group Research Unit, both at London's Lister Institute. As well as standardising blood-grouping reagents and investigating serological problems for the World Health Organization, these laboratories collected, analysed and published vast quantities of genetic data, making the Lister the global centre for blood-group genetics. During this period, human genetics changed from a marginal research field to an established discipline, partly, the dissertation argues, as a result of this blood-group research. By the 1950s a third of all human genetics publications were on blood groups: as one of the few human traits with simple Mendelian inheritance, they formed the basis for linkage studies and association surveys, and underpinned innovation in theoretical population genetics. Against a backdrop of intense international discussion about the meaning and scope of race science, blood groups were also made into tools for a supposedly 'obj ective' and 'unprejudiced' anthropology. This first history of how blood groups became scientific objects follows their collection in Britain and overseas, the grouping of samples, their transformation into data, and their presentation as credible genetic knowledge. It also offers the first sustained analysis of the functions of genetic nomenclatures. I argue that mid-century human genetics was profoundly influenced by the questions and practices of physical anthropology, by clinical practice, and by international infrastructures for medical research.

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Komarower, Patricia 1950. "The development of vertebrate palaeontology in China during the first half of the twentieth century." Monash University, School of Geosciences, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9337.

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Saleh, Fauzan. "The development of Islamic theological discourse in Indonesia : a critical survey of Muslim reformist attempts to sustain orthodoxy in the twentieth century." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37830.

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This study aims to trace the development of Islamic theological discourse in Indonesia, from the early 1900s to the end of the twentieth century. It will focus on how modernist Muslims have constructed their theological thought throughout the century, which, in turn, reflects their religious understanding in response to the particular demands of their age. The modernist theological thought constructed so far signifies a continuum of progress, developing from one stage to the next. Implicitly, this progress also indicates the improvement of Indonesian Muslims' understanding of their own religion, which may suggest the betterment of their commitment to doctrinal beliefs and religious practices. Therefore, this study will also examine the ways in which Indonesian Islam noticeably grows more orthodox through these forms of religious commitment. Drawing upon an Indonesian term, the growth of orthodox Islam is known as the santri cultural expansion, which, at least since the last two decades of the century, has been characterized by the vertical (and horizontal) mobility of devoted Muslims in political, cultural and economic enterprises. As well, this study will include a discussion of the theological thought underlying that santri cultural expansion.

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Grohmann, Carolyn. "The problems of integrating annexed Lorraine into France, 1918-1925." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3540.

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In 1918, the signing of the armistice at the end of the First World War, brought about the return of the region known as Elsaß-Lothringen, Alsace-Lorraine, to France after 47 years of German rule. This thesis examines the problems which the integration process created for the heterogeneous population of the Moselle (annexed Lorraine), a population which included those who were indigenous to the region, Germans from all over the German Reich, and immigrants from elsewhere in Europe. In this integration process, the French authorities attempted to undo the effects of Germanisation on all levels: linguistic, cultural, political, economic, administrative, and demographic. However, the manner in which they attempted to achieve francisation, soon alienated large sections of the indigenous population. This sense of unease and dissatisfaction manifested itself within weeks of the entry of French troops to the region and became known as the malaise lorrain. Sacrifices forced upon the region by integration included a disappointingly sluggish economic recovery. Equally, whilst a process of epuration, or ethnic cleansing, deported three quarters of the Moselle's German community, many among the indigenous population were obliged to prove their loyalty to France at specially created tribunals to allow them to remain in the region. This thesis brings to light the region's experience which the historiography has hitherto treated as less controversial and less problematic than that of its neighbour, Alsace. Mosellan particularisme, which sought a middle ground between separatist regionalism and complete assimilation into France, was not as radical, reactionary, or well publicized as Alsatian autonomism. However, it was, in the long-term, far more successful.

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Gaudenzi, Bianca. "Commercial advertising in Germany and Italy, 1918-1943." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609367.

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Cueva, Samuel. "Partnership in mission in creative tension : an analysis of the relationships in mission within the Evangelical Movement with special reference to Peru and Britain 1987-2006." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683024.

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Sims, Stella Corinne. "Retro, history and nostalgia : rethinking popular memory and the 1950s." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2015. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/54472/.

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This thesis examines how and why we remember the 1950s in Britain in particular ways. The 1950s have become a popular and visible decade in the culture of 'retro' since the late-1960s; there is a stylistic fascination with iconic symbols that have become shorthand for the post-war era. Popular memory is the everyday sense of a past which circulates in a particular culture through the interaction of past and present, public and private, which is expressed and experienced through memory, media and commodities. I interrogate how popular memory is expressed nostalgically through 'Fifties' retro and heritage in Britain, revealing the tensions between past and present in the politics of remembering. In the main, studies of popular representations of the past through nostalgia and retro have largely remained within the boundaries of academic disciplines such as subcultural studies, design/art history and collective memory theory. I use this scholarship in combination to analyse our popular historical culture because a popular sense of the past is created and experienced by an interaction of many different cultural expressions, experiences and representations. Using an interdisciplinary approach, this project blends interviews with fans of Fifties revival culture with other sources such as memories from the Mass Observation Archive, period dramas on film and television, retro in popular music, as well as press reception on retro and nostalgia. This innovative methodology foregrounds the tensions and politics of representing the past, challenging the notion of popular memory of the 1950s as merely 'retro' consumerism and manipulated history. Recent academic thought has emphasised the 'presentness' of nostalgia; that this emotional, rose-tinted view of the past is actually a response to the present. This project suggests nostalgia can be used with agency - individuals and communities use nostalgic images for a wide range of personal and political meanings; nostalgia can also be dynamic and pleasurable. We remember the past through family albums and personal memory, but these interact with mediated pasts in retro popular culture, favourite films and period dramas. My research calls for a more democratic approach to historical study which considers not just 'what happened' in the past but the politics of how we imagine and re-imagine the past.

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Frantz, Susanne K. "ARTISTS AND GLASS: A HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIO GLASS (SCULPTURE)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291668.

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Carotenuto, Matthew Paul. "Cultivating an African community the Luo Union in 20th century East Africa /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3238502.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of History, 2006.
"Title from dissertation home page (viewed July 12, 2007)." Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-10, Section: A, page: 3939. Adviser: John H. Hanson.

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Zabecki, D. T. "Operational Art and the German 1918 Offensives." Thesis, Department of Defence Management and Security Analysis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3897.

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At the tactical level of war the Germans are widely regarded as having had the most innovative and proficient army of World War I. Likewise, many historians would agree that the Germans suffered from serious, if not fatal, shortcomings at the strategic level of war. It is at the middle level of warfare, the operational level, that the Germans seem to be the most difficult to evaluate. Although the operational was only fully accepted in the 1980s by many Western militaries as a distinct level of warfare, German military thinking well before the start of World War I clearly recognized the Operativ, as a realm of warfighting activity between the tactical and the strategic. But the German concept of the operational art was flawed at best, and actually came closer to tactics on a grand scale. The flaws in their approach to operations cost the Germans dearly in both World Wars. Through a thorough review of the surviving original operational plans and orders, this study evaluates the German approach to the operational art by analyzing the Ludendorff Offensives of 1918. Taken as a whole, the five actually executed and two planned but never executed major attacks produced stunning tactical results, but ultimately left Germany in a far worse strategic position by August 1918. Among the most serious operational errors made by the German planners were their blindness to the power of sequential operations and cumulative effects, and their insistence in mounting force-on-force attacks. The Allies, and especially the British, were exceptionally vulnerable in certain elements of their warfighting system. By attacking those vulnerabilities the Germans might well have achieved far better results than by attacking directly into the Allied strength. Specifically, the British logistics system was extremely fragile, and their rail system had two key choke points, Amiens and Hazebrouck. During Operations MICHAEL and GEORGETTE, the Germans came close to capturing both rail centers, but never seemed to grasp fully their operational significance. The British and French certainly did. After the Germans attacked south to the Marne during Operation BLUCHER, they fell victims themselves to an inadequate rail network behind their newly acquired lines. At the operational level, then, the respective enemy and friendly rail networks had a decisive influence on the campaign of March-August 1918.

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O'Brien, Carolyn 1957. "Immigrant integration, European integration : the Front national and the manipulation of French nationhood." Monash University, Centre for European Studies, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8548.

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Piper, Stamatia A. J. "The emergence of a medical exception from patentability in the 20th century." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:85e2c91c-182e-45aa-8580-3908ac343a54.

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Abstract:

Many patent law dilemmas arise from a failure to understand technologies as embedded in broader social, economic and political realities and to contextually analyze these legal phenomena. This narrowness leads to poor legal development, of which the modern medical exception from patentability is one example. Judges have difficulty interpreting it, patentees do not understand its purpose and it does not protect the important medical technologies to which the public would like access. This thesis applies a legal pluralist analysis to examine the emergence of the medical methods exception in order to understand why it was created and legislated. It starts by examining the origins of the exception in the caselaw, and the informal, concurrent norm established by the emerging medical profession in the early 20th century. It then proceeds to examine why the medical profession might have sought and enforced a norm prohibiting its members from patenting, and concludes that this arose from the need of the medical profession to distance itself from the patent law. As a result, professionalizing physicians established an internal normative order that mimicked and in many cases replaced the effect of the formal law. The thesis then proceeds to examine how the form of the informal norm evolved in the period between WWI and WWII, finding that the profession’s norm transformed and broke down concurrently with its efforts to achieve external legitimacy through legislation. That breakdown arose from factors which included growing labour mobility, greater understanding of the benefits of patents, and a growing role of science and industry in medicine that threatened the profession’s access to valuable medical innovation. The thesis concludes with a study of a current case (Myriad Genetics) that applies the thesis’ theoretical framework to a present dispute over the role the law should play in regulating genetic diagnostic tests.

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Ganczak, Iwona. "At the crossroads of politics and culture : Polish dissident art of the 1980s." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83104.

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This thesis will examine the political and social significance of the new artistic language that emerged in Poland in the 1980s. The new artistic language pertains to symbols, imagery and themes that originated in the discourse of the opposition and can be defined as the amalgam of the traditional religious vocabulary and time-specific symbols of oppression under Communism. The most prominent in this category are the symbols of the cross, the flowers, the national red and white flag, exclusively contemporary symbols such as the "television-people" as well as an array of traditional religious vocabulary. This unusual relationship between symbolic language of art and the symbols of the Church and the Solidarity accounted for the inherently political nature of dissident art. This thesis will discuss dissident art in context of the contemporary discourses: the discourse of the Communist Party, the Church, John Paul II and Solidarity.

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Carter, Daniel Barnaby. "Narratives of nation, frontier and social conflict in Chile : the province of Cautín during the agrarian reform period, 1967-1973." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648297.

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Law, Suk-mun Sophia, and 羅淑敏. "Zhang Daqian's (1899-1983) place in the history of Chinese painting." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31245808.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Romania History 20th century'

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