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Miles, Geoffrey. "Untir'd spirits and formal constancy : Shakespeare's Roman plays and formal constancy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c5830cc5-e1a4-4efa-ae40-98dc4d7eb651.
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Critics who have noted the importance of Stoic constancy in Shakespeare 's Roman plays have failed to recognise the full complexity of the idea. It has two forms, both derived from the Stoic principle of homologia (consistency), and centred on the ideal of being always the same: Seneca's constantia sapientis, the rocklike or godlike virtue of the Stoic sage who is unmoved and unchanged by external circumstances; and Cicero's decorum (De officiis I), virtue as the consistent playing of an appropriate part. Seneca is more concerned with heroic self-sufficiency, Cicero with social virtue, but both forms of the ideal contain a tension between concern for inner truth and external appearances. In the late sixteenth century Stoic constancy becomes a subject of fierce debate as it is revived by the Neostoics, who stress the opposition of constancy and "opinion." Shakespeare's view of this debate may derive particularly from Montaigne, who moves from a Neostoic position to a sceptical critique of constancy as unattainable by inconstant man, and as less desirable than self-knowledge and flexibility. Reading North's Plutarch with these themes in mind, Shakespeare sees in the lives of Brutus, Antony, and Coriolanus an Aristotelian pattern of ideal, defective, and excessive constancy - a pattern which he modifies, in the light of his understanding of Seneca, Cicero, and Montaigne, in the three Roman plays. He explores the tension which exists between the Senecan and Ciceronian forms of constancy, and indeed within each of them: a tension between heroic Stoic virtue ("untir'd spirits") and public role-playing ("forrral constancy"). Julius Caesar shows Roman constancy as essentially "formal," resting on pretence and self-deception; in Rome, ironically, constancy depends on "opinion." Coriolanus, by taking constancy to an extreme, demonstrates the self-destructive contradictions within it. Antony and Cleopatra, by contrast, embrace a Montaigne-like ideal of "infinite variety" and inconsistent decorum; Antony fails, but Cleopatra achieves in death a paradoxical fusion of constancy and mutability.
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Dumais, Charles. "Machiavelli and a Sixteenth Century Republican Theory of Liberty." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23304.
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In the following thesis, I argue that to contextualize Machiavelli’s republican thought in his Italian humanist heritage permits us to understand how Machiavelli reaches back not only to an Italian pre-humanist inheritance of liberty as freedom from servitude, but to a Stoic conception of agency which he inherits and shapes in that concept of liberty. While my analysis of Machiavelli and his humanist heritage is in fundamental agreement with that of Quentin Skinner in The Foundations of Modern Political Thought, it develops however the implications of two theses that Paul O. Kristeller outlines in his works on Italian humanism: the eclectic nature of humanist ideas and their rhetorical focus. From this I draw a slightly different picture of the humanist heritage and its polemics with Augustine, and from these an understanding about Stoic agency and how it is inherited and shaped in Machiavelli’s conception of the citizen and civic duties.
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Harper, Katherine. "Cato, Roman Stoicism, and the American ‘Revolution’." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10444.
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This thesis is an examination of the influence of Cato the Younger on the American colonists during the Revolutionary period. It assesses the vast array of references to Cato that appear in the literature, which is a phenomenon not previously given an independent examination. Chapter One assesses the classical education that the American colonists received. It refutes the belief that the colonists’ classical learning was superficial, and establishes that they were steeped in the classics through the colonial grammar school and college curricula, as well as through their own private reading. Chapter Two determines how the Cato narrative was disseminated amongst the colonists. It looks primarily at Joseph Addison’s Cato: A Tragedy (1713) and establishes that the play came to resonate with the colonists as they descended into war with Britain. Chapter Three gives an overview of the American colonies’ relationship with Britain from 1760 until the early years of the war. It shows that the colonists perceived the world through the lens of Roman history, and that as their relationship with Britain deteriorated they established and retreated into a Catonian identity. Chapter Four consists of four case studies of prominent colonists who adopted a Catonian identity in order to express certain political grievances and their viewpoint. The frequency and general acceptance of these Catonian episodes reveals how entrenched in the colonial mindset the Cato narrative was. Chapter Five looks at how women engaged with the Cato narrative through adopting as role models Roman matrons who offered similar principles and characteristics to Cato. The Epilogue traces the decline of Cato’s popularity and the colonists’ transference of favour to Cincinnatus as their new classical role model.
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Guida, Neto José. "Ulpiano e o estoicismo no direito romano do principado." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5996.
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Previous issue date: 2012-10-19This thesis seeks to demonstrate how, in the Principate (High Roman Empire - the classic period from 27 BC to 284 AD), Stoic philosophy, absorbed by the sovereign of Rome, influenced the Roman law. As a guiding principle, we use the work of the jurist Ulpian in particular its Liber Singularis Regularum and the Title I of Book I from the Digesta of the Justinian I the Great, emperor of Easten Roman Empire. The history of the Principate is presented, preceded by the reasons that led to the end of the Republic, and gave rise this kind of Roman monarchy. After the presention of the history of the period, there is an explanation of Stoic thought, with emphasis on the last phase of this ancient school of philosophy, precisely the one that coincides with the Principate, and represents the pinnacle of Latin philosophical thought. Once the history of the period is presented together with the history of philosophy, then it is shown how classical Roman law absorbed these ideas that were found in legal texts of the jurist Ulpian. Completing the thesis, there is an explanation on how Ulpian s philosophy of justice was transmitted by means of the consolidation of Emperor Justinian "Corpus Juris Civilis" , thereby contributing to the formation of the Western civilization and, consequently, becoming the basis of Brazilian law
A presente tese busca demonstrar de que modo, durante o Principado (Alto- Império Romano - período clássico de 27 a.C. até 284 d.C), a filosofia estóica, absorvida pelos soberanos de Roma, influenciou o Direito Romano. Como fio condutor do trabalho usa-se a obra do jurisconsulto Ulpiano, em particular o título I do livro I do Digesto (do Imperador Justiniano I o Grande, Imperador Romano do Oriente) e seu livro de Regras . Faz-se um relato da história do Principado, antecedido dos motivos que culminaram com o fim da República e ensejaram esse gênero de monarquia romana. À história do período segue-se uma explanação do pensamento estóico com ênfase na última fase antiga de tal escola filosófica, justamente aquela que coincide com o Principado e representa o auge do pensamento filosófico latino. Posta a história do período, e, sobreposta a história da filosofia de então, procura-se demonstrar como o direito romano clássico absorveu tais ideais que são encontrados nos textos legais do jurisconsulto Ulpiano. Por fim, segue uma explanação de como a jus filosofia de Ulpiano foi transmitida graças à consolidação justinianeia do Corpus Juris Civilis e desse modo contribuindo com a formação da civilização ocidental e consequentemente tornando-se a base do Direito brasileiro
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Maran, Ji Ra. "Paul’s Discourse on Slavery and Freedomin the Light of Stoic Philosophy." Thesis, Enskilda Högskolan Stockholm, Teologiska högskolan Stockholm, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ths:diva-229.
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This thesis focuses on Paul’s view on freedom for believers in the context ofslavery. Paul’s understanding comes through in his metaphorical usage of slavelanguage in 1 Cor 7:20-24. In this thesis, a comparison between the teaching ofPaul and that of the Stoics Seneca, Musonius, and Epictetus will support myinterpretation of Paul’s opinion regarding slavery and freedom. I first explore howPaul and the three Stoics advocate for their understanding of freedom for slaves,and then I compare Paul’s theological interpretation with the moral values of thethree Stoics. There is no doubt that Paul, Seneca, Musonius and Epictetus wereaware of the cruel physical judgments and hardships, which slaves suffered in thecontext of slavery. Though neither Paul nor the three Stoics expressed an intentionto terminate the existing hierarchical social structure and slavery system, they alsodid not ignore the physical judgments and hardships placed upon slaves. Theteachings of Paul, Seneca, Musonius and Epictetus testify that they had a commonwill to end, or at least reduce, the exploitation and dehumanization of slaves. Theircommon interest is to promote the possibility of freedom, equal fairness and kindlytreatments for slaves. Both groups preferred freedom and dignity for human beingsby ignoring the social standards and social identification of the Roman society.However, they emphasized inner freedom rather than the social freedom of the slaves.Aim of thesis: To compare Paul’s attitude to slavery and his metaphoricallanguage of slavery and freedom with that of the Stoic philosophers, Seneca,Epictetus, and Musonius.
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Lamontagne, Yves. "Une jambe à mon cou, roman ; suivi de Élaboration de caractéristiques visant la création d'un roman policier de série commercialisable." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq25638.pdf.
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Wouters, Els. "Roman policier et inférence : une étude philosophique, sémiotique et rhétorique de l'inférence logique dans le roman policer classique francophone et anglophone entre 1841 et 1945 /." Online version, 2001. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/28328.
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Anemodouris, Ilias. "Declamatory ludism and Senecan characterisation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/declamatory-ludism-and-senecan-characterisation(e7ae3290-3916-4e59-9b7c-f35ccec2f9af).html.
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This thesis attempts to identify and analyse the influence of the tradition of declamation on characterisation in the dramatic compositions of the Stoic philosopher Seneca. Two argumentative lines structure this thesis: the first relates to a concept of ludism, which is argued to help re-visit declamatory rhetoric, and re-appreciate its functions in Roman society. The second one is twofold: first, that the concept of ludism - in the ways in which it is argued to be applicable to declamatory rhetoric - can describe effectively the influence of declamation on Senecan characterisation; and second, that it may allow us to re-visit the issue of the place of Senecan characterisation within the whole of Seneca’s philosophical writings, by putting into relief an educative function of Senecan characterisation.
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Olivier, Séverine. "Le roman sentimental: productions contemporaines et pratiques de lecture." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210245.
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Etiqueté péjorativement « roman à l’eau de rose », le roman sentimental, critiqué et plutôt méconnu, est pourtant un genre paralittéraire à succès. Bien qu’inspirant mépris et indifférence, cette production et son lectorat francophone méritent dès lors qu’on s’y attarde. Produit emblématique de la culture médiatique, le roman sentimental représente en effet un indicateur de mutations culturelles d’importance. Articulée en deux temps, notre analyse se centre, d’une part, sur les spécificités de cette production et, d’autre part, sur son lectorat francophone. L’examen du roman sentimental sous l’angle textuel, éditorial et auctorial est donc couplé à une enquête qualitative basée sur un ensemble d’entretiens semi-directifs visant à circonscrire les pratiques du lectorat, à éclaircir les motifs à la base de la lecture sentimentale et à déterminer sa fonction principale.Doctorat en Langues et lettres
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Maruotti, Amaranta. "La diàtriba cinico-stoica : uno strumento concettuale o un mitofilologico? : analisi del dialogismo diatribico e del ruolo dello interlocutore fittizio nella filosofia romana." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040143.
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Notre thèse a comme point de départ la discussion critique d’un concept donné pour acquis par les spécialistes de la littérature et de la philosophie antiques. Il s’agit de la diatribe cynico-stoïcienne, ainsi nommée parce qu'elle ferait coexister des motifs cyniques et des thèmes stoïciens. Nous commençons par évaluer l'exactitude de la définition largement admise qui met la diatribe en relation avec toute une tradition d’argumentations relevant de la philosophie morale vulgarisatrice. Puis nous justifions notre choix d’accepter, en cherchant à les intégrer, certains acquits scientifiques récents, visant à défendre la diatribe comme un genre relevant de la méthode de direction spirituelle à l’intérieur des écoles philosophiques d’origine socratique, avec un accent particulier sur la situation d’énonciation maître-disciple. De ce genre littéraire controversé, d’origine grecque, nous analysons le passage à la latinité en examinant tout d’abord le problème terminologique, puis celui du cadrage philosophique. Parmi les procédés, définis comme diatribiques, nous nous intéressons à la seule caractéristique qui ne paraisse pas être mise en question et qui pour cette raison précisément pourrait servir de fondement à l’existence du genre même : le dialogisme et la présence d’un interlocuteur fictif. Nous concentrons ensuite notre attention sur l’œuvre de Sénèque, et notamment sur Les Lettres à Lucilius où la situation d’énonciation maître-disciple est intensément visible et dans laquelle la présence de l’interlocuteur fictif est structurellement liée au développement de cette relation. Nous passons ensuite à l’étude des formes diatribiques de la satire romaine afin d’aborder les cas de Lucilius, Horace et Perse. Un bref exposé est finalement consacré à l’analyse des relations entre la diatribe, la Seconde Sophistique et la prédication religieuseThe starting point of our thesis is the critical discussion of a concept taken for granted by literary and ancient philosophy scholars. This is the cynic-stoic diatribe, so named because cynical themes would coexist with Stoic ones. Our first step is assessing the accuracy of the widely accepted definition, which makes the connection between the diatribe and a tradition of topics relating to moral popular philosophy. Then we explain our choice to accept and to try to integrate recent scientific acknowledgments which accept the diatribe as a literary genre relating to the spiritual guidance method of the Socratic philosophical schools, with a particularly attentive focus on the relationship between master and disciple. Starting from this controversial genre of Greek origin, we analyze the transition to the Roman period, by first examining the terminological aspect and then the philosophical framing. Among the methods, defined as diatribic, we focus on the only feature which does not appear to be challenged and that for this exact reason could be the basis of the existence of the genre itself: dialogism and the presence of a fictitious interlocutor.We then focus our attention on Seneca's work, and particularly on Letters to Lucilius, where the attempt to create a master-disciple relationship is intensely visible, and in which the presence of a fictitious interlocutor is structurally related to the development of this relationship. Then we discuss the diatribic forms of Roman satire, to reach Lucilius', Horace's and Persius' cases. A brief presentation is finally devoted to the analysis of relations between the diatribe, the Second Sophistic and the religious preaching
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Brancato, Rodolfo. "Profilo topografico della Piana di Catania dalla Preistoria all'Età romana." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/4149.
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La tesi espone i risultati del progetto di ricerca condotto sui paesaggi rurali della Sicilia orientale, attraverso il caso studio offerto dai margini occidentali della Piana di Catania. Il progetto è scaturito dai risultati delle ricognizioni condotte tra il 1997 e il 2007 nelle valli dei fiumi Simeto, Dittaino e Margi, ai fini della redazione della carta archeologica del territorio delle Tavolette IGM F. 269 II NO Monte Turcisi, F. 269 III SE Ramacca, F. 269 III NE Castel di Iudica e F. 269 III SO La Callura. I nuovi dati sono relativi a numerose aree di frammenti (131) pertinenti a fasi di occupazione che vanno dalla Preistoria al Medioevo: ai fini della piena comprensione delle dinamiche dell insediamento e della viabilità nell area, i dati sono stati messi in relazione alle informazioni note in letteratura e ai risultati delle ricerche di archivio condotte presso le Soprintendenze di Catania e Siracusa, l Ufficio Tecnico Speciale per le trazzere e l Ente per la Bonifica della Piana di Catania.
Il paesaggio rurale della Sicilia sud-orientale non è tra i più intensamente studiati nel contesto del Mediterraneo. Tuttavia, la quantità di legacy data disponibili per la Sicilia può contribuire a colmare questa lacuna. Al fine di raggiungere una chiara comprensione dei processi tafonomici che hanno modellato i paesaggi siciliani dell entroterra, si è tentato di dare una nuova lettura dei dati archeologici noti alla luce dei risultati delle ricognizioni intensive condotte ai margini della Piana di Catania e della ricerca storica. Quindi, attraverso l'analisi della cartografia e della fotografia aerea storica, è stato possibile mettere insieme in un quadro organico le tracce dei paesaggi rurali antichi, strettamente correlati alle dinamiche dell'insediamento e della viabilità. Sia la natura geomorfologica dell'area di studio che la posizione a cavallo tra la costa ionica e il versante meridionale dell'isola hanno chiaramente influenzato le traiettorie dello sviluppo economico locale e, quindi, anche le dinamiche insediative. I risultati ottenuti attraverso l elaborazione dei dati nel geo-database Ru.NS forniscono, quindi, un'immagine vivida sulle linee di sviluppo dei sistemi insediativi di questa porzione della Sicilia sud-orientale in antico, tracciando, nella lunga durata, gli elementi di continuità e di discontinuità nella distribuzione degli insediamenti nel territorio dal Paleolitico all Alto Medioevo.
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Bregalda, Maíra Meyer. "Gloria, libertas et al. = valores tradicionais da Roma republicana nos escritos filosóficos de Sêneca." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/269181.
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Orientador: Paulo Sérgio de VasconcellosTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Este trabalho objetivou verificar que aspectos de conceitos encontrados durante a época republicana de Roma - como, por exemplo, a glória, a liberdade, a fama etc - se mostram na obra de Sêneca (4 a.C. - 65 d.C.). Constatou-se que a maneira segundo a qual o filósofo constrói essas noções difere da de Cícero (106 - 43 a.C.). Pode-se dizer, seguramente, que Sêneca "interioriza" conceitos que estavam, antes do Império, restritos a um contexto social e político. Para o Estoicismo, o importante é a vida moral dos seres humanos, e é nesse campo de ação que os escritos de Sêneca se desenvolvem. A investigação pretendeu demonstrar o modo como Sêneca trata os conceitos romanos, apresentando, de maneira original, as noções equivalentes gregas. Em sua obra, notadamente nas Epistulae morales ad Lucilium e em alguns Dialoghi - como o De breuitate uitae e o De tranquillitate animi - o filósofo emprega instrumentos linguísticos lexicais e morfossintáticos (esses últimos, de modo mais numeroso) referentes à interioridade. Em Sêneca, não somente os recursos linguísticos como também os imagéticos constituem parte do processo de interiorização. Nosso intuito, neste presente estudo, buscou expor tais recursos na medida em que surgiam juntamente com os conceitos por nós trabalhados
Abstract: This dissertation aimed at ascertaining which aspects found during the republican time period in Rome - for instance glory, freedom, fame, among others - are evident within Sêneca's work (4 BC - 65 AD). It was observed that the way this philosopher goes about building these notions is different from that of Cícero (106 - 43 a.C). One may firmly state that Sêneca "interiorizes" concepts that had been, prior to the Empire, restricted to social and political contexts. To Stoicism, the most important thing is the moral life of human beings, and it is within this field of action that Sêneca's writings are developed. This investigation intends to show the way Sêneca deals with these Roman concepts by showing, in an original way, the equivalent Greek notions. In his work, notably in Epistulae morales ad Lucilium and in some Dialoghi - such as De breuitate uitae and De tranquillitate animi - the philosopher makes use of linguistic instruments such as lexical and morphosyntactic ones (the latter being used more frequently) to refer to interiority. Within Sêneca's work, the process of interiorization involves not only linguistic but also imagery resources. Our goal, in the present study, sought to expose these resources as they emerged along with the concepts we work with
Doutorado
Linguistica
Doutor em Linguística
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Vigueras, Fernández Ricardo. "La novela policiaca de temática romana clásica. Rigor e invención." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10804.
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La presente tesis doctoral abarca el estudio de quince obras: siete novelas y un libro de relatos del narrador norteamericano Steven Saylor, cinco novelas del también norteamericano John Maddox Roberts y, finalmente, dos novelas del español Joaquín Borrell. La investigación ha sido llevada a cabo partiendo de las fuentes clásicas para realizar un comentario literario y humanístico de estas obras y ubicarlas dentro del contexto de la moderna novela histórica. Los principales temas de estudio, analizados en capítulos monográficos, han sido: La ciudad de Roma; Policía, guardias y detectives; Mitología; Religión y mundo de los muertos;Personajes históricos; Batallas, militares y ejércitos; Comida y bebida; Circos, anfiteatros y gladiadores.The Doctoral Thesis covers the research of fifteen works: seven novels and a story book by the American writer Steven Saylor; five novels of the also American writer John Maddox Roberts, and two novels of the Spanish writer Joaquín Borrell. Research has been done on the classical sources, a humanistic and literary commentary of these works applied to the following principal subjects each of which was dedicated a full chapter of the Thesis: the city of Rome, Police Force Records, Mythology, Religion and the world of the dead, Historic characters, Military battles, Food and drink, Circus and gladiators.
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Uys, Hendrik-Muller. "Die problematiese afbakening tussen sommige kortverhaalbundels en die roman in Afrikaans, aan die hand van geselekteerde tekste." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20201.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Since the sixties many short story collections referred to as ‘eenheidsbundels’ (‘unified volumes’) have appeared in Afrikaans. Especially those collections published since the eighties and nineties prominently display an overall unity suggestive of the greater unity found in the novel. These collections are usually characterised by the recurring appearance of characters beyond the borders of the individual stories and the use of themes and recurring motifs that run through the collection. Sometimes the separate stories within a collection share the same time period or geographical space. The same narrator may also appear throughout the collection. Although the individual stories within a volume may be regarded in isolation (or even published in isolation), they will inevitably be deprived of possible interpretations that would otherwise have been evident in relation to the collection as a whole. As a result, it would seem that the boundary between the short story volume and the novel becomes blurred in these unified collections. The main objective of this thesis is to try to determine whether the short story collections under discussion represent a new genre or subgenre or whether they could possibly constitute a continuation of an existing genre. The point of departure is the suggestion by J.P. Smuts (1989: 23) that the phenomenon is linked to the writers of the sixties’ rebellion against stereotyped literary forms and that these collections appear to represent an intermediate form, something that lies between the traditional short story collection and the novel. Chapter 2 serves as the theoretical foundation of the research: the traditional characteristics of the short story and novel are investigated. Postmodernism as school of thought associated with the problematisation of the boundaries between genres is also investigated. In Chapters 3 and 4 two unified collections from the nineties are analysed: Jaco Botha’s Sweisbril (1999) and S.P. Benjamin’s Die lewe is ’n halwe roman (1999). The purpose of these analyses is to determine the extent to which the extensive unity in these collections can be compared to the unity found in the novel. The secondary goal of the thesis is to suggest (in response to Maritha Snyman’s appeal (2011)) a more suitable Afrikaans name for the study object (“eenheidsbundel”). Neil Cochrane and Nina Botes’s proposed term “kortverhaalsiklus” (“short story cycle”) (2011) is considered, but Andr P. Brink’s reference to “’n soort kortverhaal-roman” (“a kind of short story novel”) finally takes precedence. The conclusion finds that the type of collection under discussion does represent a hybrid intermediary form located somewhere between the traditional short story collection and the novel, a form the development of which was probably influenced by postmodernism. The form seems to be a continuation of the tradition of the short story collection, one that has evolved towards the novel. Cochrane and Botes’s term “kortverhaalsiklus” is rejected in favour of the proposed term “kortverhaal-roman” (with some qualifications). This term can co-exist with terms such as “hibridiese bundel” (“hybrid volume”) or the more vague “eenheidsbundel”. The observation that the term “kortverhaalsiklus” does not convey the hybrid quality of the form, and the fact that Suzanne Ferguson (2003) points out that not all unified volumes are necessarily cycles, was decisive.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Van die sestigerjare af het daar verskeie kortverhaalbundels in Afrikaans verskyn waarna literatore as ‘eenheidsbundels’ verwys. Veral di sedert die tagtiger- en ne ntigerjare toon ’n opvallende hegtheid wat selfs aan die groter eenheid van die roman herinner. Hierdie bundels word byvoorbeeld gekenmerk deur karakteroorvleuelings oor die grense van die verskillende verhale heen, die gebruik van oorkoepelende temas en die deurgaanse herhaling van motiewe. Soms deel die verskillende verhale in ’n bundel dieselfde tydvak of geografiese ruimte. Dieselfde vertellende instansie kan ook regdeur die bundel voorkom. Alhoewel die aparte bundelverhale in isolasie beskou (of selfs gepubliseer) kan word, word hulle so van interpretasiemoontlikhede ontneem wat slegs binne bundelverband waargeneem kan word. Dit wil gevolglik voorkom of die grens tussen die kortverhaalbundel en die roman in die eenheidsbundel vervaag. Die hoofdoelwit van hierdie tesis is om te probeer vasstel of die hegte eenheidsbundel van veral sedert die tagtigerjare in Afrikaans ’n nuwe genre of subgenre verteenwoordig en of dit moontlik ’n voortbouing op ’n bestaande genre is. Daar word uitgegaan van J.P. Smuts (1989: 23) se stelling dat die betrokke verskynsel aan die jare sestig se opstand teen geykte liter re vorme te koppel is en dat hierdie bundels ’n tussenvorm is, iets wat tussen die tradisionele kortverhaalbundel en die roman l . Hoofstuk 2 dien as die teoretiese basis van die ondersoek: die algemene kenmerke van die tradisionele kortverhaal en roman word ondersoek. Die postmodernisme as denkrigting wat met die opheffing van genregrense geassosieer word, word ook kortliks ondersoek. In hoofstukke 3 en 4 word twee hegte eenheidsbundels uit die ne ntigerjare breedvoerig bespreek: Jaco Botha se Sweisbril (1999) en S.P. Benjamin se Die lewe is ’n halwe roman (1999). Die oogmerk is om vas te stel in hoeverre die uitgebreide eenheid in hierdie bundels aan die hegte eenheid van die roman herinner. Die sekond re doelwit van die tesis is om, na aanleiding van Maritha Snyman (2011) se pleidooi, ’n meer geskikte benaming vir die studieobjek (“eenheidsbundel”) te probeer voorstel. Neil Cochrane en Nina Botes (2011) se keuse van die term “kortverhaalsiklus” vir die hegter soort eenheidsbundel word bekyk, maar Andr P. Brink se verwysing na “’n soort kortverhaal-roman” geniet voorlopige voorkeur. In die konklusie word bevind dat die bespreekte bundels wel ’n hibridiese tussenvorm verteenwoordig wat iewers tussen die tradisionele kortverhaalbundel en die roman gele is en waarvan die ontstaan en ontwikkeling waarskynlik deur die postmodernisme be nvloed is. Die vorm blyk ’n voortsetting van die kortverhaalbundeltradisie te wees wat in die rigting van die roman ge volueer het. Cochrane en Botes se term “kortverhaalsiklus” word afgewys ten gunste van die voorgestelde term “kortverhaal-roman” (met voorbehoude) wat naas terme soos “hibridiese bundel” en die vaer “eenheidsbundel” sou kon bestaan. Die waarneming dat die term “kortverhaalsiklus” niks oor die romanagtigheid of die hibriditeit van die vorm oordra nie, terwyl Suzanne Ferguson (2003) onder andere daarop wys dat nie alle eenheidsbundels noodwendig siklusse is nie, was hier deurslaggewend.
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Cacciaguerra, Giuseppe Andrea. "Archeologia del territorio tra Siracusa e Catania in età romana e medievale." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1610.
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Le ricerche condotte nel corso dell ultimo decennio nell area megarese (Augusta, Melilli e Priolo Gargallo, SR) hanno permesso di delineare chiaramente lo sviluppo e le trasformazioni del paesaggio rurale tra l età romana e il Medioevo. I risultati più interessanti sono stati evidenziati per il Tardoantico e l Altomedioevo grazie alle recenti acquisizioni e seriazioni delle ceramiche. Il quadro che è stato delineato ha permesso di evidenziare una generale continuità di vita tra l età repubblicana e il IV secolo e tra il VII e il IX secolo, con limitati fenomeni di abbandono, mentre è chiara una cesura avvenuta nel V secolo e, successivamente tra il IX e il X secolo, quest ultimo certamente a causa dello scontro bellico tra Bizantini e Arabi, con l abbandono di gran parte degli insediamenti del territorio. Parallelamente, lo sviluppo degli insediamenti rupestri, con la funzione di siti-rifugio, conferma da un lato l incertezza di questa fase, ma parallelamente gli insediamenti costieri indicano una continuità di vita che si protrae senza cesure fino al IX secolo. Proprio su questo punto sono state concentrate le ricerche che hanno sottolineato, come in altri contesti del Mediterraneo, che tra VIII e IX secolo gli scambi sulla lunga distanza proseguirono, certo su scala minore, e non furono interrotti dalle vicende belliche.
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Deniz, Machín Deyvis. "La percepción en el debate filosófico de las escuelas helenísticas. Consideraciones epistemológicas y planteamientos éticos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672859.
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La presente investigación está orientada al estudio de la filosofia helenística, pero, más precisamente, a la reconstrucción del debate filosófico que los miembros de las escuelas y orientaciones helenísticas sostuvieron en tomo a la percepción. La aproximación procede diacrónica y sincrónicamente, recabando, por un lado, los planteamientos fundacionales de cada una, y mostrando, por otro, la recepción y evolución que estos reciben de paite de sus seguidores a la luz de los cuestionamientos de posiciones rivales. De ello emerge un debate filosófico qne, vehiculizado en griego y en latín, ocurre tanto intra como extra muros, cuya duración se prolonga durante varios siglos bajo complejas circunstancias sociopolíticas. Tal procedimiento permite la elaboración de un amplio mosaico mediante el que es posible apreciar en su dimensión histórica la heterogeneidad de temas y tópicos que forman parte integral del debate filosófico que sobre la percepción llevan a cabo las escuelas y orientaciones del período, a saber: físicos, onto-lógicos, epistemológicos, éticos e incluso médico-fisiológicos, en los cuales nuestro estudio repara constantemente en función de su relevancia. Se advierte, a su vez, la contribución tanto de la medicina como de los filósofos presocráticos; si bien los segundos se ocupan por vez primera de abordar y tematizar el problema de la percepción, la primera progresa en el estudio de las partes y funciones del cuerpo. Los términos y voces técnicas cuidadosainente empleados en la búsqueda por delimitar y precisar aspectos del problema, si bien en gran parte son heredados de los planteamientos tanto presocráticos como clásicos, acaban siendo resignificados en función de los encuadres que son propios del período helenístico. En su especificidad se repara constantemente en la esperanza, desde luego, de llamar la atención sobre su relevancia, pero, a su vez, en la de poder elaborar en un futuro un glosario greco-latino que pueda contribuir a la iluminación del problema que es objeto de estudio de la presente investigación: temas y tópicos, por un lado, y términos y voces, por otro, evidencian el grado de refinamiento técnico del proceder de los pensadores helenísticos. Los encuadres anteriormente referidos permiten llevar a cabo una exploración suficientemente pormenorizada de los plai1teamientos y argumentos avanzados por los miembros de las escuelas y orientaciones helenísticas, incluso si las más de las veces solo se tienen noticias de ellos a través de rep01ies indirectos de segunda, tercera o hasta, en ocasiones, de cuarta mano, razón por lo cual ocurre que la iluminación de algún planteamiento puntual depende de los argumentos y posiciones de otros miembros que, a pesar de no ser necesariamente contemporáneos, se posicionan en primera persona. Pese a que la papirología y la epigrafía han contribuido a subsanar lagunas importantes, ya sea proporcionando nuevos testimonios ya sea c01Toborando o desmintiendo otros, este es uno de los factores que obliga a ofrecer conclusiones, si bien fundadas y razonadas, solo tentativas.The present research, focused on the Hellenistic philosophy, aims at shedding a new light on the philosophical debate that about perception was carried out by the philosophical schools/orientations which flourished throughout the so-called Hellenistic period. The research proceeds both diachronically and synchronically; not only by gathering ‒when possible‒ the first-and-foundational theses initially set forth by each school’s/orientation’s masters, but also by paying a careful attention to their reception, their evolution or their eventual ‒if any‒ reformulations at the hands of their disciples and subsequent members, all of which was motivated mainly by the permanent and the reciprocal criticisms of with each other. As a result, it then emerges an enduring philosophical debate which has been handed down both in Greek and in Latin through direct as well as indirect sources; historically speaking, such a debate took place not only from within but also outside the walls of each school/orientation. As far as chronology is concerned, its length carried on during several centuries ‒even echoing down, roughly speaking, till nowadays‒ under the sociopolitical upheavals derived by, in principle, Alexander’s military enterprise. In virtue of the aforementioned proceeding, the present research aims thus at offering a mosaic of wide spectrum, as detailed as veridical ‒even if tentative‒ as possible, of the philosophical reflection of the period, through which it then is possible to reflect also on the so many multifarious other topics, such as the ontological and the physiological ones, as well as the physical, the epistemological and ‒among many others‒ the ethical ones, upon which the debate on perception ultimately rests. In that regard, special attention is paid both to medicine and «pre-Socratic» philosophy, since both help foreshadowing the Hellenistic debate: if ‒as Theophrastus reports‒ the latter pondered, in fact, for the first time on perception, the former achieved astonishing enhancements through the study of the percipient’s bodily parts, say, their organs and functions. Likewise, an especial emphasis is put on the technical terms chosen and selectively employed by each school/orientation in their seeking to demarcate ‒if not all‒ the most relevant aspects inherent to the problem of perception, hoping so to be then able of elaborating in the near future on a sort of Greco- Latin lexicon by which the Hellenistic debate does end up even better spelt out. Although over the last century textual evidence has considerably increased and, consequently, some textual deficiencies has been emended either by papyri or epigraphy, our conclusions, even if reasoned and justified, should only be tentative.
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Pignatello, Rosario. "Il patrimonio archeologico tra Avola e Pachino Organizzazione topografica della Cuspide Orientale in periodo romano e tardo antico." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/4003.
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Il contributo verte sul'inquadramento topografico in periodo antico del territorio di Avola. Il comprensorio investigato negli anni senza una programmazione sistematica delle ricerche, attraverso lo studio del materiale edito; la ricerca dagli archivi della Soprintendenza di Siracusa (materiale archeografico); la programmazione di ricognizioni autoptiche offre spunti interessanti per l'organizzazione delle dinamiche insediative di periodo romano e tardo antico.
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Merckel, Cécile. "Seneca theologus : la religion d'un philosophe romain." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00796579.
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Cette étude des différents aspects de la théologie et de la religion de Sénèque, basée sur l'ensemble du corpus sénéquien, offre une perspective sur l'évolution et l'adaptation de la doctrine stoïcienne en contexte romain. Elle considère le phénomène religieux à la fois du point de vue de la religion civile du citoyen et de la piété intérieure de la personne. La diversité d'une œuvre mi-philosophique mi-poétique impose un point de vue plus synchronique que diachronique (même si l'évolution de la pensée de l'auteur est prise en compte), qui privilégie l'exégèse en fonction des genres littéraires et de leurs codes. La 1ère partie analyse les dominantes de la conscience religieuse romaine (l'opposition religio/superstitio), éclairées par l'héritage critique. La 2ème partie démontre que Sénèque cherche toujours à trouver une valeur aux discours de la religion traditionnelle et des poètes sur le dieu. Sa situation de philosophe homme d'état le contraint à faire des concessions, notamment au sujet du culte impérial. La 3ème partie fait un bilan doctrinal sur le monisme stoïcien et sur son appropriation par Sénèque, qui laisse la place à une vraie émotion religieuse à l'égard du deus rationnel. La hiérophanie progressive de la divinité par le progressant en sagesse implique un glissement de la physique vers l'éthique. La 4ème partie s'attache à la question de la recherche d'un langage adéquat pour définir la divinité. La 5ème partie traite du rapport de l'individu à la divinité. L'homme, héroïque dans son dépassement de la contingence, se hisse par un exercice de la pensée au rang du deus, jusqu'à leur communion dans la sagesse pure, notamment grâce à la prière philosophique.
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Pià, Comella Jordi. "Philosophie et religion dans le stoïcisme impérial romain. Étude de quelques cas : Cornutus, Perse, Epictète et Marc-Aurèle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040255.
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Comment les Stoïciens concilient-ils l’exigence d’une piété intérieure, reposant sur l’obéissance à un dieu rationnel avec la défense des rites traditionnels ? Après avoir étudié les oscillations constantes chez les Stoïciens grecs entre la légitimation et la condamnation des cultes civils, nous montrons que les Stoïciens impériaux, Cornutus, Perse, Épictète et Marc- Aurèle, prolongent le débat sur la relation entre philosophie et religion sous une perspective différente, en l’acclimatant au contexte politico-religieux de la Rome impériale et en l’adaptant à la nature du destinataire et aux stratégies persuasives de chaque œuvreHow can the stoics reconcile the research of rational piety based on moral perfection with the legitimization of the ritualism and traditional representation of pagan gods? After studying the constant oscillation between the legitimization and condemnation of traditional rites in ancient stoicism, we demonstrate that the roman stoics, Cornutus, Persius, Epictectus and Marcus Aurelius, address the same question, but with two essential specifics : adapting it to the political-religious context of Imperial Rome and paying particular attention to their readers as to the pedagogic strategist to grant its moral conversion
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Boutet, Anne. "Les recueils français de nouvelles du XVIe siècle, laboratoires des romans comiques." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR2019/document.
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Les nouvelles du XVIe siècle sont souvent lues comme de simples passe-temps, loin derrière les livres de Rabelais. Pourtant, cette littérature labile est dotée d’une « grande variété de formes narratives qui témoignent de [s]a souplesse et de [s]a plasticité […], laboratoire des expériences romanesques à venir » (D. Souiller, La nouvelle en Europe de Boccace à Sade). Il est ainsi difficile de conférer une identité générique à ces textes. En l'absence d’arts poétiques contemporains, la critique propose des définitions discutables. Trop restrictives ou partiales, elles aboutissent à un compromis : donner des caractéristiques majeures (brièveté, moralité, bon tour, bon mot, « réalisme », etc.), sans nettement distinguer le genre de formes narratives voisines (discours bigarrés, histoires tragiques). Pourtant, une autre piste est possible : adopter le point de vue des auteurs de romans comiques pour profiter d'une pratique d'écriture nourrie des conteurs de la Renaissance et d'une réception littéraire plus proche de celle des lecteurs du XVIe siècle, soit affiner les analyses modernes pour aspirer à établir la première liste de critères génériques fiables et opératoiresRead short stories from XVIth french century, it’s like reading fancy stories or recreations, far away from Rabelais’books. However, this unsettled literature has a « grande variété de formes narratives qui témoignent de [s]a souplesse et de [s]a plasticité […], laboratoire des expériences romanesques à venir » (D. Souiller, La nouvelle en Europe de Boccace à Sade). It’s difficult, indeed, to give a set generic identity at these texts. Without contemporary arts of poetry, modern critics suggest debatable definitions. Too restrictive or partial, those definitions end up at a compromise : to give main characteristics (brevity, moral, good trick, good word, « realism », etc.) without make a clear distinction with close narrative forms (« discours bigarrés », « histoires tagiques »). Yet, there is another path : take the point of view of « romans comiques »’ authors in order to take advantage of a writing fed from Renaissance’s storytellers and of a reading closer with XVIth century’s readers, that is to say refine modern studies in order to draw up the first list of reliable and operating generic criteria
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Belkaïd, Meryem. "L'Effacement du réel dans la fiction policière contemporaine (Tonino Benacquista, Pascal Garnier, Marcus Malte, Fred Vargas et Tanguy Viel)." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00911658.
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Cette thèse a choisi le roman policier français contemporain comme objet privilégié de recherche. Le genre se veut fondamentalement ludique et on lui reproche aussi souvent de se complaire dans les artifices de l'intrigue. En France, la fiction policière s'est distinguée en prenant en compte de manière singulière, et ce dès son apparition, le réel dans la construction des récits. Très tôt, son chemin a croisé celui du réalisme, nouant avec lui toute une connivence. C'est ce faisceau de relation entre réalisme et fiction policière qu'explore ce travail. Certes, les réalités contemporaines liées à la mondialisation irriguent et nourrissent la fiction policière. Mais elles ne sont pas mises en récit de manière mimétique. C'est bien le paradoxe d'une tendance qui continue à dire le réel, sans pour autant prétendre le dupliquer. Chez Fred Vargas, Marcus Malte, Pascal Garnier et Tanguy Viel, les caractéristiques de nos sociétés sont davantage figurés que décrites et transparaissent à travers le traitement de thèmes comme le sacré, le monde du travail, les constructions identitaires, les relations interindividuelles et la violence. Le monde sensible et matériel est mis en sourdine, les paysages sont insaisissables et cette modalité de la représentation dit à la fois vide et l'absence qui caractérisent nos sociétés. Nous ne parlerons pas pour autant de récits désenchantés ou mélancoliques. L'esthétique mise en oeuvre dans ses romans est en effet à la fois déroutante et réconfortante. Nos fictions grâce à des narrations plurielles et très dynamiques parviennent à susciter chez le lecteur toute une gamme d'émotions productrices de plaisir. L'évasion par les émotions et sens du réel ne sont donc pas incompatibles.
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Canu, Claudia. "Yasmina Khadra, Andreu Martín et Giorgio Todde : la méditerranée se colore de noir ou le renouvellement du roman policier." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040002.
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Cette thèse porte sur l’étude comparée des œuvres de trois romanciers contemporains : Andreu Martín, Yasmina Khadra et Giorgio Todde. Si ces trois écrivains diffèrent par la nationalité, la langue et le style d’écriture, ils ont élu à un moment ou à un autre de leur carrière le roman policier et plus particulièrement le « noir » comme genre d’écriture. L’analyse de leur production policière de 1980 à 2010 tend à montrer les points de convergence et de divergence révélateurs d’une présupposée culture méditerranéenne. Entre Espagne, Algérie et Italie la Méditerranée s’impose comme espace géographique commun, mais également comme lieu de rencontre de différentes cultures. Les objectifs prioritaires ont été d’inscrire dans un cadre théorique les enjeux du roman policier face à la modernité et plus particulièrement les aspects significatifs à la vue des caractéristiques des trois auteurs comme la relation à l’Histoire, l’articulation entre individuel et collectif ou encore le rapport entre Histoire, mythe et vérité. Les particularités de chacun des trois romanciers et l’insertion de leur production dans le cadre géographique spécifique de leur pays d’origine constituent un axe de recherche majeur de la thèse. Pour ne pas restreindre le champ d’investigation il a été opéré une ouverture des perspectives : la Méditerranée comme espace géographique, historique et culturel en partage ; le concept d’insularité comme double condition, à la fois géographique et d’esprit ; ou encore le « noir méditerranéen » ont ainsi bénéficié d’un développement particulierThis doctorial dissertation encompasses a comparative study of three contemporary authors: Andreu Martín, Yasmina Khadra and Giorgio Todde. Although the three writers differ in their nationality, language and writing style, they have all selected the detective novel and more particularly hardboiled fiction as their genre of choice. The body of this study focuses on the works created between 1980 and 2010. Through the analysis of these novels several revealing commonalities and differences have been discovered about a possible “Mediterranean culture”. Whether it be Spain, Algeria or Italy, the Mediterranean emerges then not only as a shared geographical space, but also as a meeting point between these diverse cultures. The principal objectives of this study are to place the specific tools and aspects of the detective novel within the theoretical domain of “modernity”, and an analysis of the significant articulations made by these three authors such as: their use of History, their representation of “the individual” versus “the collective”, and the relationship between History, myth, and truth in their novels. The particularities of all three novelists and the insertion of their literary production within the specific geographical environment of their country of origin constitute the focal point and principal axis of research of this dissertation. However, an open perspective has lead to the analysis of various concepts which particularly develop an understanding of that focal point. Among them the Mediterranean as a geographical, historical and cultural space shared by many; the concept of insularity as a double condition, as in a condition that is at the same time geographical and emotional; and the concept of a “Mediterranean hardboiled” fiction have revealed themselves as the most significant
Questa tesi si basa sull’analisi comparata delle opere di tre scrittori contemporanei: Andreu Martín, Yasmina Khadra eGiorgio Todde. Sebbene questi tre romanzieri differiscano per nazionalità, lingua e stile di scrittura, si accomunanoper aver eletto ad un dato momento della loro carriera il romanzo poliziesco e più precisamente il “noir” come generedi scrittura. L’analisi della loro produzione poliziesca, dal 1980 al 2010, tende a dimostrare i punti di convergenza edivergenza rivelatori di una presupposta cultura mediterranea. Tra la Spagna, l’Algeria e l’Italia il Mediterraneos’impone come spazio geografico comune, così come luogo d’incontro di diverse culture. Gli obiettivi prioritari sonostati quelli di iscrivere in un quadro teorico i meccanismi del romanzo poliziesco, il suo rapportarsi alla modernità epiù precisamente gli elementi significativi che emergono dallo studio delle caratteristiche dei tre autori. Tra questi sievidenziano la relazione alla Storia, il rapporto tra l’individuale e il collettivo o ancora l’articolarsi tra Storia, mito everità. Le caratteristiche di ognuno dei tre autori e l’inserimento delle loro produzioni letterarie nello specifico quadrogeografico dei rispettivi paesi d’origine costituiscono un asse di ricerca della tesi. Per non limitare il campod’investigazione si è proceduto ad un ampliamento delle piste di ricerca: il Mediterraneo come spazio geografico,storico e culturale in comune; il concetto d’insularità come doppia condizione, geografica e d’animo e infine il “noirmediterraneo”
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Dal, Pozzo Angelica. "Il paesaggio rurale storico nella proposta italiana del MIPAAF. Confronti internazionali, discussione teorica, applicazioni metodologiche." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426335.
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The aim of the research is to reflect on the recent project promoted by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Forestry policies (MiPAAF), which is aimed at the identification and cataloguing of Italian historical rural landscapes. The research has been developed through a twofold path: (I) the investigation and comparison of the Italian proposal with similar projects at international level; and (II) the application of the Italian methodologies to some study areas in the national territory. In accordance with the dual course of reflection and analysis, the thesis is articulated into two parts to which the conclusions follow.
The first part is dedicated to the investigation of the institutional projects on historical rural landscapes, adopted at national and international level, and their comparative study.
The second part is specifically focused on the Italian proposal by means of applications and discussion of the ministerial methodologies.
The final chapter, as a conclusion of the whole work, gathers possible orientations for the Italian project, as a result of the comparison with the international projects and the application of the Italian methodologies in the selected study areas.Il lavoro di ricerca si è proposto di studiare il recente progetto di individuazione e di catalogazione dei paesaggi rurali storici italiani, promosso dal Ministero delle Politiche Agricole, Alimentari e Forestali (MiPAAF). L’articolazione del lavoro si è sviluppata attraverso un duplice percorso: (I) la ricerca e il confronto con simili progettualità attive a livello internazionale e (II) l’applicazione delle metodologie proposte per il progetto italiano su alcune aree studio del territorio nazionale. In virtù del duplice percorso di riflessione e di analisi, il lavoro di tesi è articolato in due parti alle quali seguono le conclusioni. La prima parte è dedicata alla presentazione dei progetti istituzionali sui paesaggi rurali storici, attivi a livello nazionale e internazionale, e al loro studio comparativo; la seconda parte è specificamente incentrata sull’analisi della proposta italiana, attraverso l’applicazione e la discussione delle metodologie proposte. Chiude la tesi un capitolo conclusivo che raccoglie possibili indirizzi di sviluppo futuri per il progetto italiano, maturati dal confronto con le esperienze internazionali e dall’applicazione dei metodi sui casi di studio scelti.
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Commère, Zoé. "Un autre regard sur le monde : politique et géopolitique de l'espace dans les grands reportages et les romans de Gaston Leroux (1897-1924)." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2101.
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Gaston Leroux (1868-1927) a été grand reporter au journal Le Matin avant d’écrire des romans feuilletons dans la presse. Sa carrière et son œuvre sont marquées par l’univers médiatique, qui a constitué pour Leroux un laboratoire d’écriture, une source d’inspiration et un support de publication privilégié. Mais les deux pans de sa production sont aussi unis par la problématique spatiale: reportages comme romans proposent des représentations élaborées de l’Ailleurs. Travaillé par une hybridité générique, l’espace dans les textes de Leroux présente un ancrage marqué dans l’actualité qui le pare d’une forte référentialité tout en s’ouvrant à des influences imaginaires telles que celles du conte, du roman gothique ou policier, ou encore du mélodrame. Au travers d’un corpus regroupant ses grands reportages les plus importants et certains de ses romans d’aventures qui reprennent ces cadres étrangers, il s’agit d’étudier les différentes stratégies utilisées pour mettre en scène l’espace. Celui-ci ne joue pas qu’un rôle de décor exotique: il assume des fonctions politiques dans une époque qui connaît de grands bouleversements (colonisation, Première Guerre mondiale, révolution russe...). Explicitement, les écrits de Leroux s’inscrivent dans le discours social de leur temps: ils opposent des empires de perte de vitesse (qui servent de terrain de jeu à des héros qui les maîtrisent mieux que leurs dirigeants officiels) à un modèle de l’Etat-nation dont la France de la IIIe République est présentée comme le meilleur exemple. Cependant, au sein de cet espace référentiel présenté avec un certain manichéisme, Leroux ménage, grâce à la fiction, des lieux différents où s’exprime une contestation du modèle spatial dominant et qui permettent à Leroux d’introduire du jeu dans une conception de l’espace apparemment doxique, d’interroger la mondialisation en cours et de proposer d’autres formes d’organisation spatiale et géopolitiqueAs a reporter, Gaston Leroux (1868-1927) covered many trials as well as the international news for Le Matin. He then went on to write paraliterary novels, published as serials in the press. Both his career and his works are heavily influenced by the media, which served as his main publication outlet, as a writing laboratory and as a source of inspiration. However, both sides of his work are connected by the attention he gives attention to space as a problematic: his newspaper articles as well as his novels offer complex representations of far away places. Because of this strong genre hybridity, space in Leroux's novels is connected to the news, which adds an important sense of referentiality, but it is also influenced by fictional genres such as fairy tales,detective novels and even melodrama. Through a body of works encompassing both his main newspaper stories and those of his adventure novels whichtake place in foreign countries, we shall study the various strategies implemented to represent space as an important concern in the narrative. Indeed, for Leroux, space is not only an exotic background to be quickly forgotten in favor of action. It also has a political role during agitated times. Superficially, Leroux's works fit in with the social representations of his time: they oppose weakening empires, which serve as playgrounds to heroes who have mastered them better than their own rulers, to the model of the nation-state, exemplified by the French Third Republic. And yet, within this referential and quite Manichean space, he creates, through fiction, different places in which a contestation of the dominant model is expressed. Utopian islands and carnivalesque heterotopias allow Leroux to question globalization and to offer alternative forms of spatial and geopolitical organisation
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Ahlund, Claes. "Den skandinaviska universitetsromanen 1877-1890." Uppsala : Stockholm : [Uppsala universitet] ; Almqvist & Wiksell International i distribution, 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/23268400.html.
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Feuillebois, Victoire. "Nuits d'encre : cycles de fictions nocturnes à l'époque romantique (Allemagne, Russie, France)." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT5013.
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La thèse isole un corpus particulièrement large dans l'Europe romantique, constitué de fictions à récit-cadre oral nocturne organisées en « veillées », « nuits » ou « soirées ». Ce constat bibliographique fait apparaître un paradoxe : la littérature de l'époque romantique rêve-t-elle encore de pratiques orales alors que s'inaugurent au même moment le fonctionnement moderne de l'ordre des livres et sa régulation par des techniques commerciales ? Comment conjuguer l'idée du sacre de l'écrivain et la nostalgie apparente pour le récit de vive voix ? Le cycle de fictions nocturnes semble d'abord une survivance ou une nostalgie des formes plurimillénaires de narration orale (Le Pantchatrantra, Les Mille et une nuits) : les auteurs ressusciteraient la technique du récit encadré pour mieux profiter de la vitalité associée à l'échange direct ainsi simulé dans ces textes. Pourtant, l'étude de ce corpus montre que la relecture romantique n'a rien d'un archaïsme. D'abord, le cycle nocturne est en réalité une forme intermédiaire entre la tradition littéraire et les modifications contemporaines du champ : parfaitement adaptées à la publication journalistique, les fictions nocturnes rétablissent néanmoins une forme d'aura auctoriale en instaurant une ambivalence orale qui suggère une présence directe du conteur. Les « nuits » permettent donc de tirer parti de la mercantilisation croissante du monde des lettres, tout en continuant à bénéficier du prestige des mages romantiques et autres poètes de la nuitThis dissertation isolates in European romantic literature a particularly broad corpus of fictions with an oral frame organized in "watches", "nights" or "evenings". This bibliographic presence underlines a paradox: why does romantic literature still dream of oral practices whereas at the same time are inaugurated the modern textualisation of literature and its regulation by commercial techniques? How to combine the idea of the sacre of the writer and the nostalgia for direct speech ? The cycle of night fictions seems initially a survival or a sign of nostalgia of the antique forms of oral narration (Panchatrantra, Thousand and One Nights) : the authors appear to resurrect the technique of the frame narrative to benefit from the vitality associated with the direct exchange simulated in these texts. However, the study of this corpus shows that this romantic intertextual reading has nothing to do with a taste for archaism. Initially, the nocturnal cycle is actually an intermediate form between the literary tradition and the contemporary modifications of the literary context : it is perfectly adapted to publication in the press, but nevertheless makes it possible to restore a form of auctorial aura auctoriale by establishing an oral ambivalence which suggests a direct presence of the storyteller. The "nights" thus allow the author to adapt to the increasing mercantilisation of the literary world, while continuing to profit from the prestige associated to the romantic magi and other « poets of the night »
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Paulson, Alexander. "Voluntas : force d’âme, libre arbitre et volonté du peuple chez Cicéron." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040197.
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La volonté : peu de termes reviennent dans des débats aussi nombreux et aussi divers ; peu se prêtent à un aussi large éventail de registres, de l’ordinaire au sacré. Mon travail voudrait introduire à la notion de volonté chez Cicéron, et aux nouveaux champs sémantiques ouverts par lui pour la postérité. Le rôle accordé à lui jusqu’ici dans les généalogies de la volonté a été au mieux mineur. Mais les archives numériques confirment un fait curieux : tout le corpus latin antérieur à Cicéron contient environ 25 occurrences de voluntas ou de ses formes déclinées. Dans le seul corpus cicéronien, le mot apparaît 644 fois. Sa théologie pense l’univers en tant qu’il est déterminé par la mens ac voluntas des dieux, et fait passer le progrès de l’âme par la contemplation de la volonté divine. La voluntas est centrale dans sa réflexion sur l’émotion et la responsabilité en contexte judiciaire. Dans ses traités philosophiques, il adapte l’éthique stoïcienne et fait de la volonté le siège de la progression morale. En outre, c’est Cicéron et non Lucrèce qui a le premier examiné la liberté du vouloir humain : lorsqu’il entreprit, à trente-six ans, l’accusation de Verrès, puis dans le De fato, où sa défense de la libera voluntas mobilise le Portique et l’Académie contre le Jardin. Enfin, Cicéron invente la volonté du peuple telle que nous la connaissons. Le plus grand orateur romain, pionnier de la pensée politique de langue latine, fait de la voluntas populi la force agissante d’une république souveraine. Son idée de la volonté populaire contient d’ailleurs en germe les problèmes de représentativité des élites que nos démocraties électorales cherchent encore à résoudreThe will : few words feature in so many distinct debates, nor range so vastly from the simple to the sacred. This thesis is intended to provide a thorough study of the notion of will in Cicero, and of the new semantic pathways he opens for posterity. The role attributed to him in genealogies of the will has been relatively minor. But digital archives confirm a curious fact: all extant Latin texts prior to his lifetime yield around two dozen occurrences of voluntas and its cognates. In the texts we have, Cicero uses the word 644 times. His theology examines the character of the world determined by the mens ac voluntas of the gods, and the improvement of the soul in the contemplation of divine will. Voluntas propels and inspires Cicero’s study of emotion in criminal liability. In the Tusculan Disputations and De officiis, he adapts Stoic ethics to propose the will as locus of moral progress. Further, it was Cicero, not Lucretius as some have argued, who first considered the “freedom” of human will – as a 36-year-old prosecutor, and then in the De fato, where his argument for libera voluntas marshals the Stoa and Academy to repudiate the Epicureans. Finally, Cicero invents “the will of the people” as we know it. Rome’s greatest orator and the pioneer of political thought in Latin, he makes voluntas populi the catalyzing force of a sovereign republic. So too does he sow problems of elite “trusteeship” into his notion of popular will, problems which electoral democracies still struggle to resolve
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Buard, Jean-Luc. "A l’ombre du roman-feuilleton : Marie Aycard et la circulation internationale du feuilleton-nouvelle parisien et de la variété (autour de 1840) : Un acteur oublié de la communication de masse dans la sphère médiatique de son temps." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD046.
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Le romancier et journaliste Marie Aycard (Marseille, 1794-1859) n'a pas été retenu par l'histoire littéraire, comme beaucoup d'autres auteurs considérés comme "secondaires" ou "mineurs". Contemporain des grands changements qui s'opèrent dans les entreprises de presse sous Louis-Philippe (1830-1848), il participe activement à une reconfiguration de la presse politique qui s'ouvre de plus en plus à d'autres types de lectures, à finalité divertissante, en composant, à partir de 1837, des feuilletons hebdomadaires dont le succès se mesure par le grand nombre de reproductions qu'ils connaissent dans les journaux de Paris et de toutes les régions de France, dans la francophonie limitrophe ou lointaine, mais aussi en traduction dans toutes les langues européennes et sur plusieurs continents. Cette diffusion nationale et internationale, favorisée par l'absence de droit d'auteur, fait de Marie Aycard et de ses productions un ambassadeur de la culture parisienne et française dans la sphère médiatique de son temps, souvent de façon anonyme. La numérisation récente et massive de journaux du monde entier met ce phénomène en évidence de manière particulièrement saisissante et permet de reconsidérer notre approche de la "popularité" d'un contenu circulant à grande échelle, et notre compréhension du réseau médiatique, opérationnel et structuré internationalement, entré dans une dynamique d'expansion continue, dès les années 1840As a novelist and newspaperman, Marie Aycard (1794-1859) has been considered as a minor and obscure writer, but he undoubtedly belongs to the literary history. A witness of the great changes in the press world of his time (1830-1848), he is actively involved in the development of a new kind of contents, more devoted to entertainment, in publishing weekly chronicles and short stories, from 1837-1842 and after, which gain a large audience in being widely reproduced in Paris newspapers and magazines, in provincial papers, or foreign ones, in French but also in translation, which found their way in all the major European languages, on all the continents. This massive international circulation makes their author a kind of unofficial ambassador (and often anonymous) of the French and Parisian culture all over the world and in many periodicals and media of his time. The recent digitization of these periodicals and newspapers offers a unique way to clearly measure this phenomenon, and an opportunity to take in consideration a new tool to gauge the "popularity" of such contents. It also offers new approaches and insights in the newspaper network, organized and world-connected, ready for its continuous expansion, as early as the 1840s
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Chapuis, Sophie. "L'écriture de l'accident dans la fiction de Rick Moody." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00935831.
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L'œuvre de Rick Moody échappe à toute tentative de catégorisation générique, elle est à la croisée de styles qui s'entrechoquent et se heurtent pour donner naissance à une prose hétéroclite. Cette fiction protéiforme n'en demeure pas moins traversée par la répétition d'un motif invariant : l'accident. C'est le paradoxe de cette observation qui constitue le point de départ de cette thèse. Comment l'accident, dont le surgissement paraît toujours fulgurant, instantané et unique, peut-il se voir répété, décliné et transformé en un principe structurant qui préside à la composition de l'oeuvre de Rick Moody ? Pour répondre à cette question, il faut nécessairement changer le présupposé sur lequel repose la définition de l'accident pour qu'il ne soit plus seulement envisagé comme ce qui arrive de manière accidentelle mais pour que soit révélée également sa dimension essentielle. Cela revient à proposer l'hypothèse que l'accident est toujours déjà là, qu'il est ontologique. Ce changement de perspective, rendu possible par une manipulation temporelle, encourage, sur le plan de l'analyse littéraire, une étude de la temporalité de l'accident. Son surgissement induit plus largement la question de la représentation de la réalité tandis que sa répétition autorise son inscription dans une durée. Provoquant toujours une rupture, la temporalité de l'accident est double car elle a la possibilité à la fois de mettre un terme et de faire éclore un nouveau début. L'accident crée des formes et des cycles, il surgit, dure, détruit, mais aussi régénère.
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González, Rendón Diony. "Cicero Platonis Aemulus : une étude sur le De Legibus de Cicéron." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040009.
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Cette thèse étudie la réception de la philosophie de Platon à Rome au cours du premier siècle av. J.-C., en s´attachant plus particulièrement à la façon dont Marco Tulio Cicéron interprète, étudie, traduit et imite l´œuvre du philosophe grec. Nous y analysons également la réception qu´en font les stoïciens étant donné que le platonisme romain et plus concrètement celui que Cicéron connait, est tributaire des enseignements des maîtres stoïciens de Rome.Cette réception sera le point de départ pour comprendre comment Cicéron imite et émule le style et le contenu des dialogues de Platon et cela afin de rendre compte des différences et des similitudes entre leurs doctrines philosophiques. Cette thèse permettra de révéler l´influence que la philosophie de Platon a eu sur la configuration de la pensée et du langage philosophique à Rome ainsi que sur celle du domaine religieux et de celui de la législation romaine.Le De Legibus de Marco Tulio Cicéron sera l´œuvre-pivot de notre recherche. Ce dialogue n´a pas été exclusivement rédigé en tant qu´une imitation du style et du contenu des Lois de Platon; en effet, son contenu reflète non seulement l´importance qu´a eu le dialogue platonicien en tant que modèle dans l´élaboration des dialogues philosophiques de Cicéron, mais plus exactement celle de sa perspective politique et philosophique telle qu´elle est exposée dans le De Oratore, De Re Publica et le De Legibus.C´est à partir du langage que nous aborderons le processus d´imitation et d´émulation, c´est-à-dire que dans un premier temps, nous analyserons la façon dont Cicéron traduit l´œuvre de Platon. Nous observerons ensuite comment Cicéron adopte la structure rhétorique du dialogue platonicien. Finalement, nous présenterons la notion de loi naturelle comme élément grâce auquel nous montrerons l´empreinte du platonisme contenu dans le De Legibus. Il est pertinent de souligner que ce platonisme cicéronien a été marqué par un dialogue constant entre les différentes traditions stoïciennes, académiciennes et péripatéticiennes tout autant que par les disputes contre les épicuriens et les griefs nourris par une réalité romaine déchirée par une crise politique et spirituelleThe following dissertation examines the reception of Plato’s philosophy in Rome, with special focus on how Marcus Tullius Cicero, between the years I to C. approximately, receives, studies, translates and imitates the work of the Greek philosopher. Furthermore, it analyses the way in which the Stoics received Plato’s philosophy, considering the fact that Roman Platonism, and that of Cicero in particular, was communicated by the Stoic teachers of Rome.This reception will be the starting point in order to comprehend Cicero’s imitation and emulation of the style andcontent in the dialogues of Plato, and to perceive similarities as well as dissimilarities in his philosophic doctrines. This dissertation will highlight the influence that Plato’s philosophy exerted on the development of the thoughts and philosophic language of Rome, as well as its contribution to Roman religion and legislation.The point of reference for this paper is the De Legibus by Marcus Tullius Cicero. The dialogue was not composedexclusively as an imitation of the style and content of Plato’s The Laws; instead, it reflects the importance of the Platonic dialogue as a model for the philosophic dialogues which Cicero formed, specifically the political and philosophical proposition that Cicero presents in De Oratore, De Re Publica and De Legibus.The process of imitation and emulation will be addressed from a linguistic perspective. In other words, an analysis ofhow Cicero translates the work of Plato will be followed by an observation of how Cicero adapts the rhetorical structure of the Platonic dialogue. Finally, the paper will discuss the notion of the natural law as an element through which it is possible to demonstrate the Platonism that encompasses Cicero’s De Legibus. It is also worth mentioning that Cicero’s Platonism was characterized by the continuous interchange with the various Stoic, Academics and Peripatetic traditions, the disputes with Epicureans, and the objections of a Roman society immersed in a political and spiritual crisis
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Dion, Laetitia. "Histoires de mariage- Une contribution à l’histoire des formes narratives à la Renaissance : le mariage dans la fiction narrative française (1515-1559)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20066.
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Les études consacrées à la représentation du mariage dans les textes narratifs au XVIe siècle cherchent le plus souvent à mettre en rapport l’image du lien conjugal construite par les récits avec les débats de l’époque. Nous avons voulu combiner cette approche, relevant davantage de l’histoire des idées, à une analyse des formes littéraires en nous interrogeant sur le rôle joué par le thème du mariage dans les évolutions du genre narratif à la Renaissance.Nous menons notre enquête sur un ensemble de douze fictions narratives en prose, de composition française, écrites entre 1515 et 1559. Durant cette période, le mariage se trouve au cœur de nombreuses controverses théologico-politiques et les regards portés sur la vie conjugale se modifient. En nous appuyant sur un travail de contextualisation historique, nous croisons une approche thématique avec une réflexion sur la poétique narrative pour étudier la structuration des intrigues, la construction des personnages et les dispositifs didactiques et herméneutiques des textes. La comparaison de nos récits à d’autres œuvres – contemporaines ou antérieures, françaises ou étrangères – fait apparaître, au cours de notre période, un renouvellement de la matière narrative autour du mariage. L’accent mis sur certaines situations matrimoniales et les enjeux spécifiques qui leur sont associés à l’époque se révèlent être un ferment favorable à l’apparition de structures narratives innovantes. Le mariage joue en particulier un rôle déterminant dans l’orientation des récits brefs vers le genre de l’histoire tragique et dans l’apparition de formes romanesques originales à travers lesquelles on voit s’élaborer le genre du roman sentimentalIn most cases, studies devoted to the representation of marriage in narrative texts of the 16th century aim to link the image of the marriage bond as elaborated in the narratives to the controversies of the time. In order to show how the theme of marriage has played a part in the development of the narrative genre in the French Renaissance, we have decided to combine such an approach, which is rather based on the history of ideas, with an analysis of literary styles.We have conducted our survey on a set of twelve prose narrative fictions written in French between 1515 and 1559. Marriage was then at the heart of many theological-political controversies and married life started to be seen in a new light. Basing our work on historical contextualization, we have intertwined a thematic approach with a reflection on narrative poetics so as to study the plot structure and characterization as well as the didactic and hermeneutic systems of the texts. Comparing these narratives with other literary works – contemporary or prior, French or foreign – has enabled us to highlight a renewal of the narrative matter related to marriage themes during that period. The emphasis put on certain matrimonial situations and the related specific challenges in those days created favourable grounds for the advent of innovative narrative structures. Marriage stories have particularly contributed to orienting short stories towards the style of tragic stories and to giving birth to original novelistic forms in which the early stirrings of the style of the sentimental novel can be seen
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Blais, Marie-Josée. "Les voies de l'amour dans les best-sellers québécois contemporains, proposition méthodologique d'un modèle du fonctionnement du code amoureux." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ57926.pdf.
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Colborn, Robert Maurice. "Manilius on the nature of the Universe : a study of the natural-philosophical teaching of the Astronomica." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:481db8c5-4a3b-42ff-b301-eafc3e2f9ad8.
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The thesis has two aims. The first is to show that a more charitable approach to Manilius, such as Lucretian scholarship has exhibited in recent decades, yields a wealth of exciting discoveries that earlier scholarship has not thought to look for. The thesis' contributions to this project centre on three aspects of the poem: (I) the sophistication of its didactic techniques, which draw and build on various predecessors in the tradition of didactic poetry; (II) its cosmological, physical and theological basis, which has no exact parallel elsewhere in either astrology or natural philosophy, and despite clear debts to various traditions, is demonstrably the invention of our poet; (III) the extent to which rationales and physical bases are offered for points of astrological theory – something unparalleled in other astrological texts until Ptolemy. The second, related aim of the thesis is to offer a more satisfying interpretation of the poem as a whole than those that have hitherto been put forward. Again the cue comes from Lucretius: though the DRN is at first sight primarily an exposition of Epicurean physics, it becomes clear that its principal concern is ethical, steering its reader away from superstition, the fear of death and other damaging thought-patterns. Likewise, the Astronomica makes the best sense when its principal message is taken to be not the set of astrological statements that make up its bulk, but the poem’s peculiar world- view, for which those statements serve as an evidential basis. It is, on this reading, just as much a poem ‘on the nature of the universe', which provides the title of my thesis. At the same time, however, it finds new truth in the conventional assumption that Manilius is first and foremost an advocate of astrology: it reveals his efforts to defend astrology at all costs, uncovers strategies for making the reader more amenable to further astrological study and practice, and contends that someone with Manilius' set of beliefs must first have been a devotee of astrology before embracing a natural- philosophical perspective such as his. The thesis is divided into prolegomena and commentaries, which pursue the aims presented above in two different but complementary ways. The prolegomena comprise five chapters, outlined below: Chapter 1 presents a comprehensive survey of the evidence for the cosmology, physics and theology of the Astronomica, and discovers that a coherent and carefully thought-out world-view underlies the poem. It suggests that this Stoicising world- view is drawn exclusively from a few philosophical works of Cicero, but is nonetheless the product of careful synthesis. Chapter 2 explores the relationship between this world-view and earlier Academic criticism of astrology and concludes that the former has been developed as a direct response to these criticisms, specifically as set out in Cicero’s De divinatione. Chapter 3 examines the later impact of Manilius’ astrological world-view, as far as it can be detected, assessing the evidence for the early reception of his poem and its role in the history of philosophical astrology. The overwhelming impression is that the work was received as a serious contribution to debate over the physical and theological underpinnings of astrology; its world-view was absorbed into the mainstream of astrological theory and directly targeted in the next wave of Academic criticism of astrology. Chapter 4 looks at the more subtle strategies of persuasion that are at work in the Astronomica. It observes, first, a number of structural devices and word- patternings that set up the poem as a model of the universe it describes. This first part of the chapter concludes by asking what didactic and/or philosophical purpose such modelling could serve. The second part examines how, by a gradual process of habituation-through-metaphor, the reader is made familiar with the conventional astrological way of thinking about the world, which might otherwise have struck him as a baffling mass of contradictions. The third part looks at the use of certain rhetorical figures, particularly paradox, to re-emphasise important physical claims and assist the process of habituation. Chapter 5 takes on the task of making sense of the Astronomica as a whole, seeking out an underlying rationale behind the choice and ordering of material, accounting as well as is possible for its apparently premature end, and asking why, if it is a serious piece of natural-philosophical teaching, it so often appears to be self- undermining. A short epilogue asks what path can have led Manilius to embark on such a work as the Astronomica. It offers a sketch of the author as an adherent (but not a practitioner) of astrology, who had developed a philosophical system first as scaffolding for an art under threat, but had then come to see more importance in that philosophical underpinning than in the activities of prediction. The lemmatised commentaries that follow cover several passages from the first book of the Astronomica. As crucial as the remaining four books are to his natural-philosophical teaching, it is in this part of the poem that Manilius concentrates the direct expositions of his world-view. Like the chapters, the commentaries' two concerns are the nature and the exposition of the work's world-view. Each of the commentaries has its own focus, but all make full use of the format to tease out the poet's teaching strategies and watch his techniques operate 'in real time' over protracted stretches of text. Finally, an appendix presents the case for the Astronomica as the earliest evidence for the use of plane-image star maps. At two points in his tour of the night sky Manilius describes the positions of constellations in a way that suggests that he is consulting a stereographic projection of each hemisphere, and that he is assuming his reader has one to hand, too. This observation casts valuable new light on the development of celestial cartography.
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Champagne, Blanche. "La femme de gouttière, recueil de nouvelles ; suivi de L'évolution de l'espace féminin dans des nouvelles québécoises des années 1954-1992." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ43053.pdf.
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Tector, Amy. "Wounded warriors: representations of disabled soldiers in Canadian fiction of the First World War." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210335.
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Clément, Paul. "Les productions d’huile et de vin dans les Alpes-Maritimes antiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3020.
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L'étude a consisté à effectuer l'inventaire, dans l'actuel département des Alpes-Maritimes, des sites archéologiques ayant produit de l'huile d'olive et du vin et à établir le catalogue des mobiliers dédiés à ces productions. A fin 2015, 70 sites ont été répertoriés, comportant 250 éléments de mobiliers appartenant principalement à des installations de pressage, ainsi qu'à quelques moulins à broyer les olives de type mola olearia, qui ont fait chacun l'objet d'une fiche. Les installations de pressage ont connu leur plus fort développement au début de l'Empire romain. Alors que la plupart des installations vinicoles cessent de produire au IIe siècle ap. J.-C. ou au début du IIIe siècle, , la production d'huile d'olive, après un ralentissement au IIIe s., est relancée au Bas-Empire, jusqu'à l'Antiquité tardive. Cette étude donne un premier aperçu global des aspects technologiques et économiques des productions d'huile d'olive et de vin dans la régionThis work presents a catalogue of archeological sites and equipments related to the production of olive oil and wine in the present Département des Alpes-Maritimes. By the end of 2015, 70 sites had been indexed, including 250 archeological items , mostly concerning pressing facilities and some crushing mills (molae oleariae); all of which have been recorded on individual data sheets. The major development of the rural press settlements was found at the beginning of the Roman Empire. While most wineries stopped producing during the 2nd century A.C. or in the early 3rd century, the production of olive oil, after a slowing down in the 3rd century, experienced a revival during the Low Empire and until the Late Antiquity. The analysis has given a global first insight into the economic and technological dimensions of olive oil and wine production in the region
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Lucciano, Mélanie. "Paene Socratico genere : figures de Socrate dans la littérature et la philosophie à Rome de Plaute à Sénèque." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040071.
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Lorsque, au IVe siècle, les Romains rendirent hommage à la sagesse, ils érigèrent une statue de Pythagore. Pline l’Ancien s’en étonne : pourquoi n’a-t-on pas plutôt choisi Socrate ? Cette interrogation reflète l’intégration progressive de la figure du philosophe athénien à Rome, depuis le IIe siècle av. J.C. jusqu’à l’œuvre de Sénèque qui intériorise le modèle socratique d’enseignement.Est d’abord réuni le corpus exhaustif des occurrences de Socrate dans une perspective diachronique. Les passages sont contextualisés dans l’économie de l’œuvre, son genre et les objectifs de chaque auteur. La source grecque est, si possible, identifiée : la présence de Socrate sert alors de marqueur de la lecture des textes de Platon, de Xénophon, mais aussi d’autres Socratiques comme Eschine.Dans un second temps, les textes sont étudiés selon des regroupements chronologiques et thématiques : est alors définie une double réception de Socrate, entre valorisation et mépris, qui s’articule autour de sa grandeur, son rôle fondateur pour les écoles de pensée hellénistiques, sa mort courageuse et, à rebours, sa dénonciation de la rhétorique ou le caractère inutile des propos des Socratiques pour lutter contre les passions. Au mode de vie philosophique qu’incarne Socrate s’oppose parfois celui défini par le mos maiorum, ou encore par le poète élégiaque. Se dévoilent différentes interprétations de Socrate, ancêtre du cynisme et du stoïcisme, probabiliste ou transcendantaliste, ouvrant ainsi la voie à un transfert culturel des œuvres, mais aussi de leurs exégèses. Que ce soit dans une perspective historiographique, philosophique ou littéraire, Socrate devient peu à peu un exemplum, un modèle de vieWhen, in 343 B.C., the Romans paid tribute to wisdom, they built a statue of Pythagoras. Why was not Socrates chosen instead ? Pliny the Elder wonders. This interrogation reflects the progressive integration of the figure of the Athenian philosopher in Rome, from the second century B.C. until the work of Seneca which internalises the Socratic teaching model.At first, the exhaustive corpus of the occurrences of Socrates is gathered in a diachronic perspective. The passages are contextualized in the entire work, its genre and the purposes of every author. The Greek sources are, when possible, identified : the presence of Socrates serves then as a marker for the reading of the texts of Plato, Xenophon, but also other Socratics like Aeschines.Secondly, the texts are studied according to chronological and thematic groupings : a double reception of Socrates is then defined, between praise and contempt, which articulates around his greatness, his founding role for the Hellenistic philosophic schools, his courageous death and, on the contrary, his denunciation of rhetoric or the fact that Socratics’ theories are useless to fight against passions. The philosophic lifestyle embodied by Socrates sometimes contrasts with the one defined by the mos maiorum, or by the elegiac poets. Various interpretations of Socrates come to light, as an ancestor of Cynicism and Stoicism, as a sceptic or a transcendentalist, paving the way for a cultural transfer of the Greek philosophical works but also of their exegeses. Whether it be in an historiographic, philosophic or literary perspective, Socrates gradually becomes an exemplum, a model of life
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Lee, Yi-Pei. "La poétique du "bizarre" et de "la surprise" dans la prose d'imagination de Guillaume Apollinaire." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA040/document.
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Guillaume Apollinaire est incontestablement l’un des poètes français les plus célèbres du XXe siècle. Celui qui a participé aux mouvements d’avant-garde et écrit des poèmes comme «Le Pont Mirabeau» et «La Chanson du Mal-Aimé», s’est pourtant livré à une autre activité littéraire moins connue du grand public. En effet, la «prose d’imagination»—contes et romans—de l’écrivain est conçue dans les règles de «l’esprit nouveau», et selon une poétique de « la surprise » qui caractérise aussi ses vers. Friand de curiosa et de bizarreries de toutes sortes, le prosateur Apollinaire manifeste une prédilection pour les hérétiques, les aventuriers, les maniaques, les poètes disgracieux et les artistes originaux. Il n’a pas peur d’aborder des sujets étonnants, voire hétérodoxes, à la recherche du renouvellement esthétique. Cette écriture très particulière peut s’inscrire dans une certaine lignée de la littérature, parmi les genres et les ouvrages des auteurs voués à ce qui est fantastique, mystérieux, anticlérical ou subversif. Comme la vie et l’œuvre sont inséparables dans le monde apollinarien, il est naturel que la curiosité et le goût du bizarre de l’écrivain laissent des empreintes dans sa bibliothèque personnelle, ses agendas et dans ses chroniques anecdotiques. Et c’est effectivement dans le domaine du journalisme que se trouvent maintes «authentiques faussetés» d’un Apollinaire conteur, qui excelle à mêler le réel et l’imaginaire. Une telle tendance fusionnelle se traduit aussi par le mélange des genres artistiques et littéraires dans sa fiction, laquelle témoigne d’une volonté d’inventer au-delà de certains «modèles», de créer une nouvelle esthétique libre de contraintes formelles, tout en restant fidèle aux principes défendus par le poète Guillaume ApollinaireGuillaume Apollinaire is undoubtedly one of the most famous French poets of the twentieth century. However, apart from being a key figure in the early avant-garde movements and the author of The Mirabeau Bridge (“Le Pont Mirabeau“) and The Song of the Ill-Beloved (“La Chanson du Mal-Aimé“), the poet played another literary role less known to the public today. In fact, the “imaginative prose” (“la prose d’imagination“)—short stories and novels—of Apollinaire was written in the spirit of “l’esprit nouveau“ and in accordance with a poetics of “surprise“ which also shaped his poetry. Being an avid reader of curiosa and other unusual texts, the prosateur Apollinaire had a predilection for heretics, rogues, maniacs, ungraceful poets and eccentric artists. He was not afraid to write about shocking or unconventional subjects while aiming for aesthetic renewal. This very distinctive fiction writing belongs probably to a certain tradition in literature, where Apollinaire and some of his works remain among the genres and the authors who devoted themselves to fantastic tales, mysteries, anticlerical stories or other subversive texts. Since worldly experience and literary enterprise are inseparable in Apollinaire’s world, it is natural to notice many signs of the writer’s curiosity and his taste for the bizarre in his private library, his journals and his magazine columns. In fact, a large number of the so-called “true falsities“ (“authentiques faussetés“)—a term invented by Apollinaire himself who, as a brilliant raconteur, excelled in mixing reality with fantasy—can actually be found in the writer’s journalistic writing. As for his work of fiction, a similar tendency for mixing also reveals itself in the fusion of different artistic and literary genres. The “imaginative prose“ shows the author’s will to invent out of some existing “frameworks“, to create a new aesthetic free of genre constraints, while remaining faithful to the principles defended by the poet Guillaume Apollinaire
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Jevtic, Elizabeta. "Blank Pages of the Holocaust: Gypsies in Yugoslavia During World War II." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd463.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of German and Slavic Languages, 2004."August 2004." Title taken from PDF title screen (viewed September 11, 2007). Includes bibliographical references (p. 158-163).
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Flamigni, Gabriele. "La notion de καθῆκον chez les stoïciens romains." Doctoral thesis, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1277324.
Full textAbstract:
Questa tesi verte sulla maniera in cui i principali Stoici romani, vale a dire Seneca, Musonio Rufo, Epitteto, Ierocle e Marco Aurelio, concepivano e si servivano della nozione di καθῆκον (officium in latino), ereditata dalla tradizione stoica precedente. L’idea centrale che argomentiamo nel corso della tesi è che gli Stoici romani avevano tutti una concezione forte del καθῆκον, che testimonia una loro tendenza teorica comune, derivata dalla riflessione degli Stoici precedenti su questa nozione; inoltre, la prospettiva degli Stoici romani sul καθῆκον ci permette di conoscerne aspetti trascurati dalle fonti dossografiche apparentemente più informative a questo proposito: pensiamo, per esempio, al rapporto fra καθήκοντα e parenesi, all’importanza delle emozioni nel compimento dei καθήκοντα e all’antagonismo fra καθήκοντα e πάθη. Nella letteratura critica esistente sull’etica stoica e sul pensiero degli Stoici romani la tematica del καθῆκον è spesso considerata tangenzialmente rispetto ad altre, soprattutto perché, a eccezione di Epitteto, gli Stoici romani non tematizzano quasi mai la nozione di καθῆκον. Tuttavia, la nostra ricostruzione della rete concettuale del καθῆκον nella tradizione stoica ci permette di riconoscere la presenza, importante sebbene talora implicita, di questa nozione nella riflessione e nell’insegnamento degli stoici romani. Riusciamo così a delineare, per quanto possibile, la concezione del καθῆκον di questi filosofi.
Le sujet de cette thèse est la façon dont les principaux stoïciens romains, tels que Sénèque, Musonius Rufus, Épictète, Hiéroclès et Marc Aurèle, ont conçu et employé la notion de καθῆκον (officium en latin), héritée de la tradition stoïcienne précédente. L’idée que nous y soutenons est que les stoïciens romains avaient tous une conceptualisation forte du καθῆκον, témoignant d’une tendance théorique commune entre eux qu’ils dérivaient de la réflexion des stoïciens précédents sur cette notion ; de plus, leur perspective sur le καθῆκον nous permet d’en connaître des aspects négligés par les sources doxographiques apparemment les plus éclairantes à ce sujet : nous pensons par exemple au lien entre καθήκοντα et parénèse, à l’importance des émotions dans l’accomplissement des καθήκοντα et à l’antagonisme entre καθήκοντα et πάθη. Dans la littérature critique existante concernant l’éthique stoïcienne ou bien la pensée des stoïciens romains, le thème du καθῆκον est souvent considéré marginalement par rapport à d’autres, surtout parce que, sauf pour Épictète, les autres stoïciens romains ne thématisent presque jamais la notion de καθῆκον. Cependant, une fois compris le réseau conceptuel du καθῆκον dans la tradition stoïcienne, nous parvenons à reconnaître la présence, importante bien que parfois implicite, de cette notion dans la réflexion et l’enseignement des stoïciens romains. Par cette méthode nous reconstruisons, dans la mesure du possible, la conceptualisation du καθῆκον par ces philosophes.
This thesis deals with how the most important Roman Stoics, i.e. Seneca, Musonius Rufus, Epictetus, Hierocles and Marcus Aurelius, conceived and employed the notion of καθῆκον (officium in Latin), that they inherited from the previous Stoic tradition. Our claim is that all the Roman Stoics shared a strong conception of καθῆκον, in accordance with a general theoretical stance derived from the tradition of the earlier Stoics. Moreover, the perspective of the Roman Stoics on this topic allows us to discover some aspects of the καθῆκον that are neglected by the doxographic sources, apparently the most informative ones on this topic: we are thinking, for example, about the link between καθήκοντα and paraenesis, about the importance of emotions in performing καθήκοντα and about the opposition between καθήκοντα and πάθη. In the scholarship concerning Stoic ethics or the thought of the Roman Stoics, the theorical domain of the καθῆκον is often considered tangentially with regards to others, especially because the Roman Stoics almost never focus on the notion of καθῆκον, Epictetus being a notable exception. However, reconstructing the conceptual network of the καθῆκον in the Stoic tradition allows us to recognize its presence, important though sometimes implicit, in the Roman Stoics’ reflection and teaching. Thus, we manage to re-establish, insofar as possible, these philosophers’ conception of καθῆκον.
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Preston, Tamás Károly. "Veiled Criticism in Seneca's Epistulae Morales." Thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2440/134319.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis aims to illuminate Seneca’s criticisms of Neronian Rome through a novel exploration of the philosopher’s collection of moral letters – the so-called Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium. Noting the glaring absence of court politics in these letters the thesis identifies themes of dissimulation and veiled criticism, penned by Seneca in a concealed manner to ensure his safety during a time of dire political unrest. The first chapter establishes the cultural context of this collection by examining how they fit in with the practice of elite Roman letter writing. This line of inquiry stems from a longstanding question in the scholarship as to whether the Epistulae Morales are letters in the earnest sense, or merely a literary-philosophical exercise contrived by Seneca. The chapter concludes that the letters can be seen as genuine, exchanged with their addressee. They were, however, also written for the wider senatorial class who are clearly the subject of Seneca’s moral discussions. The second chapter examines the circumstances which preceded the writing of these letters in order to identify points of political tension under Nero’s reign. Drawing on the Neronian books of Tacitus’ Annals and earlier Senecan treatises, this chapter identifies themes of political ideology (clemency, libertas, tyranny, superbia) which shaped the ongoing altercations between senate and emperor during Nero’s rule. With the political tensions identified, the third chapter unearths the underhanded ways in which Seneca criticises Nero’s reign throughout the letters. Additionally, this chapter showcases a range of techniques employed by Seneca to disguise his criticisms in order to maintain deniability and avoid persecution. The fourth and final chapter examines Letters 14 and 18 in detail, illustrating the techniques discussed in the preceding chapter and bringing to light Seneca’s veiled criticisms of Nero’s regime. The pair of case studies demonstrates that Senecan criticisms are present throughout the collection, and are apparent in both letters with overt political themes (eg. Letter 14) and those which are, at first glance, seemingly mundane and commonplace (eg. Letter 18).Thesis (MPhil) -- University of Adelaide, School of Humanities, 2021
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Francán, Michal. "Im Čeho Wonsäng mongjurok a korejský snový román." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-328782.
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The aim of this thesis is to introduce and analyze not well known literary genre of mongyurok. Literary genre of mongyurok firs appeared in late 15. century on Korean peninsula. This diploma thesis is also focused on analysis of korean scholar Im Che's work called Wǒnsaeng mongyurok. For the purpose of this thesis, there is a typology of the genre mentioned above, created on the basis of seven different works of the genre, described in the first chapter. This typology was used for better analysis of the Wǒnsaeng mongyurok and for comparison of genres of mongyurok and mongjaryu sosǒl.
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Seewald, Martin. "Lucan. 9, 1-604." Doctoral thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-000D-F21A-1.
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Im neunten Buch von Lucans Bellum civile
übernimmt Cato der Jüngere den durch Pompeius´ Ermordung in Ägypten
vakant gewordenen Oberbefehl über die bei Pharsalos von Caesar
geschlagenen pompejanischen Truppen. Cato versucht die
republikanische Verfassung vor dem Tyrannen Caesar zu retten. Aus
dem verbrecherischen Bürgerkrieg zweier Despoten, Pompeius und
Caesar, ist somit ein bellum iustum geworden (9, 292-293). Nachdem
Cato Pompeius durch eine laudatio funebris die letzte Ehre erwiesen
hat (9, 190-214), besteht er eine Reihe von Bewährungsproben und
erweist sich als idealer Feldherr. Zur Charakterisierung Catos
greift Lucan verschiedene literarische Traditionen auf. Cato
übertrifft den homerischen Odysseus (9, 294-299. 388-389) und
Alexander den Großen (9, 268-269. 493-510. 564-586); er entspricht
in vollkommener Weise dem Feldherrenideal, wie es sich bei den
römischen Historikern der Republik (Sallust; Livius) findet
(9,294-296. 379-406. 587-593). Zentrum und Höhepunkt des neunten
Buchs stellt Lucans Bewertung Catos in 9, 587-604 dar. Die
Triumphzüge des Pompeius und des Marius sind geringer einzuschätzen
als die Leistung Catos, obwohl er schließlich Caesar unterliegt.
Entsprechend der stoischen Ethik bemißt sich der Wer einer Leistung
nicht nach dem äußeren Erfolg -dieser hängt allein von der Fortuna
ab- , sondern nach der vorbehaltlosen Erfüllung des moralisch
Gebotenen. Für den Erhalt der Republik ist Cato in den Tod
gegangen; er ist mulitärischer Held und pater patriae; er verdient
göttliche Verehrung.Die stoische Moralphilosphie ist Kern der
Poetik Lucans; daneben greift er jedoch auch auf andere stoische
Theoreme zurück. Vor allem die Naturschilderungen (9, 303-318.
420-420-444. 444-492) lehnen sich an stoische Lehre an. Zuweilen
finden sich auch Rückgriffe auf Lucrez (9, 76-77. 315-318.
471-472). Lucan ist poeta doctus; er gibt eine
wissenschaftlich-rationale Weltdeutung.Der Stil Lucans ist geprägt
durch das Paradox und die Sentenz. Dem Leser wird auf diese Weise
die Ungerechtigkeit des Schicksals vor Augen geführt, das es
zugelassen hat, daß Rom unter die Herrschaft von Tyrannen geraten
ist. Lucan beabsichtigt die Empörung seiner Leser hervorzurufen und
ermuntert sie, gegen die Kaiser Widerstand zu leisten.
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Srbecká, Tereza. "Román na pokračování ve vybraných ročnících dvou prvorepublikových časopisů pro ženy - List paní a dívek a Hvězda československých paní a dívek." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-388962.
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The diploma thesis "Sequel novel in selected volumes of two magazines for women published in the first Czechoslovak Republic - List paní a dívek and Hvězda československých paní a dívek" deals with sequel novels, which were published in favorite women's magazines. These novels belongs to genre "červená knihovna" and genre of teen female novels. Term "červená knihovna" (similar to harlequin) is typical for Czech literary background. Theoretical part consists historical context of sequel novel and his development and also history of popular women's literature. This part also refers to fundamental elements of sequel novels. Mainly it is stereotypization of main protagonist, patterns and plot. The end of the sequel novel for women is traditionally closed with happy ending. The practical part is focused on analyzed novels in two magazines - List paní a dívek and Hvězda československých paní a dívek. At first there are described basic data about magazines, their establishments and summary of content they consisted. Research part contains list of all sequel novels which were published and analyzed. The aim of this part was to describe main pattern, genre and plot. Part of description was focused on nationality of authors and number of sequels. The result contains the most important analyzed data and...
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Paré, Justine. "Messe solennelle pour la famille Lebel ; suivi de L'évolution du procédé polyphonique chez Suzanne Jacob." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11684.
Full textAbstract:
Mon essai et mon roman se font l’écho l’un de l’autre, ils se répondent et reflètent ainsi le sujet de ma recherche : la polyphonie. Dans L’évolution du procédé polyphonique chez Suzanne Jacob, je m’attarde à trois romans de Suzanne Jacob, L’obéissance, Rouge, mère et fils et Fugueuses, œuvres chorales et teintées par la musique dans lesquelles la prose se décline en plusieurs voix. Puisque j’étudie la polyphonie dans son aspect musical et, parallèlement, dans une perspective littéraire, il est possible d’admettre que je fais moi aussi, au cœur de mon essai, l’exercice du contrepoint. Cet essai est précédé par Messe solennelle pour la famille Lebel, roman polyphonique qui, à la manière de Fugueuses, où la musique est déjà implicite dans le titre, se donne à lire comme une partition musicale. J’y présente quatre membres d’une même famille, deux hommes et deux femmes, qui doivent faire face à la mort de l’un des leurs. Ils se partagent une narration en contrepoint dans un récit à plusieurs voix (inspirées par les quatre catégories vocales principales en musique) dont la structure rappelle celle du requiem ou messe des morts.My essay and my novel echo and dialogue with one another, thus mirroring the subject of my research: polyphony. In L’évolution du procédé polyphonique chez Suzanne Jacob, I study three choral novels by Suzanne Jacob (L’obéissance, Rouge, mère et fils and Fugueuses) in which musical references are omnipresent and stories are told by many voices. Since I study the musical aspect of polyphony in parallel with its literary counterpart, it can be said that I also use the counterpoint at the heart of my essay. This essay is preceded by Messe solennelle pour la famille Lebel, a polyphonic novel in which, like that of Fugueuses, the musical references are implicit in the title itself and can be read like a musical score. It tells the story of four family members – two men and two women – who have to face the death of one of their own. They share a counterpoint narration in a story told through many voices (inspired by the four main vocal categories in music) whose structure is reminiscent of the requiem, also known as Mass for the dead.
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Kozlová, Eva. "Románová zpracování Nerudových Lásek." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-328826.
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The thesis titled Neruda's love in novels is dealing with the so- called second life of Jan Neruda and his appearance in the biographical novels. The first part try to describe how (according his letters and poems) probably looked his emotional life and what character had his relations to Anna Holinová, Karolína Světlá, Terezie Marie Macháčková, Anna Tichá a Božena Vlachová. The second part examines how is their concept in the fictional world of four novels (Černý Honzík, Démantová spona, Blonďatá Kerolajn, Lásky Jana Nerudy). They were read and confronted with correspondence and biography of Jan Neruda and it was investigated, where and how authors draw their inspiration. The next question is how they represent main hero and the bond between them. Each novel has been analyzed and mutually they were compared. The author found that all writers in varying degrees familiar with Neruda leaves and leaves are also used in their books as a source of information and words in the dialogues. Parts of them they also publish. Démantová spona and Lásky Jana Nerudy are most based on the letters. Ivo Pelant and Jaromíra Kolárová also come from many other sources. View at the figure of Anna Holinová the most changed - she was unsympathetic in the Černý Honzík and worked best in the Lásky Jana Nerudy. Novels devote most...
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Štefková, Michaela. "Gustav Leutelt, básník Jizerských hor." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-350788.
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Keywords: regional literature, legends, autobiographical prose literature, fiction, short stories, novellas, literary creation, aesthetics of nature Abstract: The subject of this thesis is a life and writing of the Gustav Leutelt, one of the lesser known German writing authors of Bohemia from the turn of the 20th century. Special attention is paid on describing the Jizera Mountains that play a pivotal role in his creation. The first chapter formulates the subject matter and establishes the goals of the thesis. The second chapter takes a brief look at the Leutelt's life and his writing. The third chapter covers introduction of specific works from three main areas of his art, which were fictional prose, legends and natural works. The final chapter summarizes the results and insights of the thesis.
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IPPOLITI, ELENA. "Il rilievo dei centri storici per la conoscenza e la conservazione. Tesi del dottorato di ricerca in “Rilievo e Rappresentazione del Costruito”, VI ciclo, sede amministrativa Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Facoltà di Architettura, Dipartimento di Rappresentazione e Rilievo, 1995. Tutor prof. Mario Docci." Doctoral thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/218823.
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Il principale tema della tesi riguarda la definizione di un quadro di riferimento (culturale, metodologico, di esperienza scientifica e operativa) nel rilievo urbano e, nello specifico, nel settore dei centri storici, che stabilisca non solo in cosa debbano consistere e quali debbano essere gli elaborati, quali precisioni debbano essere rispettate, quali tecniche e strumentazioni debbano essere utilizzate, ma, soprattutto, quali temi debbano essere indagati, quali attenzioni debbano essere rivolte e a che cosa, quali approfondimenti siano necessari.
Per la definizione di questa metodologia critico-operativa e’ stato necessario costruire un “quadro di riconoscimento” della realta’ indagata (del centro storico nella sua totalita’, nelle relazioni con il contesto territoriale e nelle sue componenti elementari) attraverso il quale pervenire all'individuazione dei “temi” di indagine rispetto ai quali progettare e organizzare le operazioni di rilievo.
Successivamente sono state poi definite le “categorie” di analisi attraverso cui condurre l'indagine, ed infine i “modi” e le “forme” in cui si attua la conoscenza stessa attraverso il rilievo, inteso come costituito delle due fasi complementari, quella del momento dell'acquisizione del dato e quella della costruzione dell'informazione attraverso la rappresentazione.
Per il raggiungimento di questo obiettivo il primo passo e’ consistito nell'approfondimento della letteratura e delle esperienze connesse e riferibili al tema della ricerca, il rilievo di un centro storico, realizzato attraverso una ricerca bibliografica e la valutazione ed elaborazione critica degli studi e delle posizioni culturali, legislative ed operative inerenti e connesse.
In questo senso gli argomenti trattati hanno avuto principalmente l'obiettivo di chiarire e approfondire, e nello stesso tempo di definire e delimitare, il senso, il significato e il valore dei due termini di riferimento fondamentali per la presente ricerca: rilievo e centro storico.
Presupposto del presente studio e’ che l'azione della conoscenza, e quindi la comprensione, e’ pregiudiziale all'azione di tutela, salvaguardia e conservazione.
Il rilievo - nelle sue accezioni di comprensione, evidenziazione, ricostruzione - si propone come processualita’ di atti che si realizza nella concretezza dello svolgersi delle operazioni: e’ nel procedere stesso, nell'operare, che si attua la conoscenza.
Il rilievo non e’ semplice riproduzione meccanica del reale, ma ha soprattutto un carattere interpretativo: del fenomeno che ci si appresta a studiare e’ necessario preventivamente formulare dei modelli interpretativi, che riducano la complessita’ dell'oggetto in modo che questo diventi a noi conoscibile.
Nell'ambito di questa ricerca il rilievo e il rilevare sono strumenti di lettura e di analisi irrinunciabili per la conoscenza del reale, conoscenza che si attua attraverso una pratica intellettuale con la quale il fenomeno indagato viene dapprima riconosciuto, quindi interpretato - discretizzato ed infine classificato.
Questo vuol dire che per conoscere e’ necessario innanzitutto riconoscere, e che la stessa conoscenza non puo’ essere comunicata, trasmessa se non viene classificata, tipizzata.
Il significato che qui si vuole attribuire al rilievo e’ quello della documentazione, sincronica e diacronica (per la conoscenza e la conservazione) che sappia cogliere dell'oggetto di studio sinteticamente l'individualita’ e comprenderne analiticamente gli elementi che lo compongono.
Una concezione che e’ ben conscia dell'impossibilita’ del raggiungimento dell'esaustivita’ e della completezza, ma che d'altra parte nega valore alla conoscenza settoriale condizionata da un uso limitato e specifico che perde i contatti con la globale comprensione della realta’ indagata.
Questo porta alla proposta della definizione di rilievo “tematizzato” (tipizzato), che significa invece impostare la processualita’ delle operazioni di un rilievo intorno a dei temi che ne costituiranno la struttura e il progetto. Un rilievo, dunque, indipendente dal fine, ma che per contro ammette molte utilizzazioni.
Le successive argomentazioni hanno riguardato la definizione del quadro di riferimento, ovvero la "tipizzazione delle sue caratteristiche", il che ha necessitato l'approfondimento dell'oggetto della presente ricerca, il centro storico, un manufatto complesso, risultato di successive modificazioni, trasformazioni e stratificazioni, ma anche espressione, immagine di un'idea, di una determinata cultura e di una determinata organizzazione sociale.
Un fenomeno dunque molto articolato, in cui una determinata organizzazione dello spazio (sia nelle sue connotazioni fisico-spaziali sia in quelle simboliche) esprime l'appartenenza degli uomini ad un particolare luogo in un determinato tempo, e quindi le relazioni tra questi la storia e gli eventi naturali.
La comprensione di un fenomeno cosi’ complesso puo’ attuarsi solo a patto di considerare tanto il sistema di relazioni che il centro storico intrattiene con il territorio, quanto il sistema di relazioni che lega gli elementi che lo costituiscono.
Per la definizione della una metodologia per la lettura e l'analisi dei centri storici e’ stata cosi’ proposta una articolazione, una gradualita’ del processo conoscitivo, relazionata ad una corrispondente articolazione riscontrabile nel fenomeno che ci apprestiamo ad indagare, facendo cosi’ corrispondere ai modelli interpretativi della realta’ indagata dei modelli operativi strumentali alla messa in atto del processo conoscitivo del rilievo.
Il punto di partenza e’ consistito nella scomposizione del fenomeno da analizzare e nella classificazione degli elementi che lo compongono.
Il metodo proposto individua all'interno del fenomeno urbano una qualificazione scalare dei fatti costruiti in funzione della loro “ampiezza” (la scala territoriale, la scala urbana, la scala edilizia, la scala architettonica) a cui corrisponde una gradualita’ della conoscenza, che si attua con modalita’ e procedure differenziate.
Il percorso conoscitivo proposto procede dal generale al particolare, ma affrontando iterativamente il fenomeno prima nella sua totalita’ e poi nei suoi elementi costitutivi. Pertanto i fenomeni individuati ed analizzati dapprima in funzione delle “classi d'ampiezza” sono poi analizzati in quanto individuo, organismo, struttura, elemento.
Ad esempio, il centro storico nella sua complessita’ e totalita’ e’ stato considerato in quanto manufatto unico, individuale, irripetibile, ma e’ stato anche analizzato come particolare attuazione concreta di una tipologia insediativa, ed e’ anche stato studiato come composto di parti, di elementi considerati come tasselli di un mosaico, dotati ognuno di determinate qualita’ organizzative dello spazio. Infine sono poi definite le categorie con cui condurre l'analisi di un centro storico, sia nei rapporti con il territorio, sia nelle relazioni con i singoli elementi costituenti.
Si e’ ritenuto basilare verificare via via le ipotesi teoriche che si andavano delineando, attraverso la sperimentazione condotta su un campione di studio, un centro storco di limitate dimensioni, individuato in Monte Castello di Vibio, in provincia di Perugia a dieci chilometri da Todi. Dal confronto tra ipotesi metodologiche e risultati sperimentali ottenuti sono state tratte le conclusioni della ricerca.
I risultati della ricerca sono stati raccolti in un volume e organizzati in due parti.
Nella prima, dal titolo “Il quadro teorico”, vengono sviluppati, indagati e sistematizzati i temi e gli argomenti di tipo teorico, considerati irrinunciabili e indispensabili per lo sviluppo della ricerca.
Nella seconda parte, dal titolo “La sperimentazione. Il rilievo di un centro storico tipo: Monte Castello di Vibio”, sono stati applicati e verificati alcuni dei temi teorici sviluppati precedentemente, in riferimento al centro storico tipo prescelto per la sperimentazione.
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Babíčková, Karolína. "Obraz dospívání a rané dospělosti v současném románu a povídkách pro mládež a mladé dospělé Ivy Procházkové, Gudrun Pausewangové a Claudie Ruschové (komparace vybraných děl české a německé literatury)." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-346105.
Full textAbstract:
The master thesis focuses on the literary analysis and comparison of four books for young adults written by different authors. Two of the compared works are novels Eulengesang and Carolina: Ein knapper Lebenslauf by Iva Procházková, originally a Czech author and representative of a so called migrant literature. The thesis deals also with the novel Die Wolke by Gudrun Pausewang and the short story collection Meine freie deutsche Jugend written by Claudia Rusch. The main aim of the thesis is to compare and interpret the portayal of adolescence in the chosen works. Special attention is confined to the types of characters and situations they encounter, motivation for their behaviour and last but not least, to the motives. The opening chapters present historical overview of the Czech and German young adult literature. The thesis also includes a chapter on adolescence from the scientific perspective of developmental psychology. In the conclusion, the master thesis contrasts the chosen literary works in pairs: Eulengesang with Die Wolke and Carolina: Ein knapper Lebenslauf with Meine freie deutsche Jugend.
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Conteh, Prince Sorie. "The place of African traditional religion in interreligious encounters in Sierra Leone since the advent of Islam and Christianity." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2316.
Full textAbstract:
This study which is the product of library research and fieldwork seeks, on account of the persistent marginalisation of African Traditional Religion (ATR) in Sierra Leone by Islam and Christianity, to investigate the place of ATR in inter-religious encounters in the country since the advent of Islam and Christianity.
As in most of sub-Saharan Africa, ATR is the indigenous religion of Sierra Leone. When the early forebears and later progenitors of Islam and Christianity arrived, they met Sierra Leone indigenes with a remarkable knowledge of God and a structured religious system. Successive Muslim clerics, traders, and missionaries were respectful of and sensitive to the culture and religion of the indigenes who accommodated them and offered them hospitality. This approach resulted in a syncretistic brand of Islam.
In contrast, most Christian missionaries adopted an exclusive and insensitive approach to African culture and religiosity. Christianity, especially Protestantism, demanded a complete abandonment of African culture and religion, and a total dedication to Christianity. This attitude has continued by some indigenous clerics and religious leaders to the extent that Sierra Leone Indigenous Religion (SLIR) and it practitioners continue to be marginalised in Sierra Leone's inter-religious dialogue and cooperation.
Although the indigenes of Sierra Leone were and continue to be hospitable to Islam and Christianity, and in spite of the fact that SLIR shares affinity with Islam and Christianity in many theological and practical issues, and even though there are many Muslims and Christians who still hold on to traditional spirituality and culture, Muslim and Christian leaders of these immigrant religions are reluctant to include Traditionalists in interfaith issues in the country. The formation and constitution of the Inter-Religious Council of Sierra Leone (IRCSL) which has local and international recognition did not include ATR. These considerations, then beg the questions:
* Why have Muslim and Christian leaders long marginalised ATR, its practices and practitioners from interfaith dialogue and cooperation in Sierra Leone?
* What is lacking in ATR that continues to prevent practitioners of Christianity and Islam from officially involving Traditionalists in the socio-religious development of the country?
Muslim and Christians have given several factors that are responsible for this exclusion:
* The prejudices that they inherited from their forebears
* ATR lacks the hallmarks of a true religion
* ATR is primitive and economically weak
* The fear that the accommodation of ATR will result in syncretism and nominalism
* Muslims see no need to dialogue with ATR practitioners, most of whom they considered to be already Muslims
Considering the commonalities ATR shares with Islam and Christianity, and the number of Muslims and Christians who still hold on to traditional spirituality, these factors are not justifiable.
Although Islam and Christianity are finding it hard to recognise and include ATR in interfaith dialogue and cooperation in Sierra Leone, ATR continues to play a vital role in Sierra Leone's national politics, in the search and maintenance of employment, and in the judicial sector. ATR played a crucial part during and after the civil war. The national government in its Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) report acknowledged the importance and contribution of traditional culture and spirituality during and after the war.
Outside of Sierra Leone, the progress in the place and level of the recognition of ATR continues. At varying degrees, the Sociétié Africaine de Culture (SAC) in France, the All Africa Conference of Churches (AACC), the Vatican, and the World Council of Churches, have taken positive steps to recognise and find a place for ATR in their structures.
Much about the necessity for dialogue and cooperation with ATR can be learnt in the works and efforts of these secular and religious bodies. If nothing else, there are two main reasons why Islam and Christianity in Sierra Leone must be in dialogue with ATR:
* Dialogue of life or in community. People living side-by-side meet and interact personally and communally on a regular basis. They share common resources and communal benefits. These factors compel people to be in dialogue
* Dual religiosity. As many Muslims and Christians in Sierra Leone are still holding on to ATR practices, it is crucial for Muslims and Christians to dialogue with ATR practitioners.
If Muslims and Christians are serious about meeting and starting a process of dialogue with Traditionalists, certain practical issues have to be considered:
* Islam and Christianity have to validate and accept ATR as a true religion and a viable partner in the socio-religious landscape of Sierra Leone
* Muslims and Christians must educate themselves about ATR, and the scriptures and teachings of their respective religious traditions in order to relate well with Traditionalists
These are starting points that can produce successful results. Although at present Muslims and Christians in Sierra Leone are finding it difficult to initiate dialogue and cooperation with Traditionalists, all hope is not lost. It is now the task of the established IRCSL to ensure the inclusion of ATR. Islam and Christianity must remember that when they came as strangers, ATR, played host to them and has played and continues to play a vital role in providing hospitality, and allowing them to blossom on African soil.Religious Studies and Arabic
D.Litt. et Phil. (Religious Studies)