Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Roman Republican'
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Dobson, Michael J. "The Roman camps at Numantia : a reappraisal in the light of a critical analysis of Polybius' discourse on the Roman army." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327371.
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Murray, Lauren Donna. "Elite father and son relationships in Republican Rome." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11709.
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The focus of this study is aristocratic fathers and sons in the middle and late Roman Republic (264 – 27 B.C.). By considering legal, literary, and material evidence, it addresses the behaviour of elite families throughout this period. Although there is a great deal of important research conducted on family relations in the ancient world more generally, there is no extensive study which analyses the bonds of duty, obligation, and affection between fathers and sons in republican Rome. It is this gap in the scholarship which is addressed in my thesis. The key aspects of this relationship are considered through several interconnected chapters. Each reflects the social nature of this analysis, and demonstrates that traditional values, dynastic considerations, and social ideals promoted a sense of common identity and unity within the household. Although the hierarchical nature of Roman family life also provided opportunities for conflict between father and son, ultimately the relationship between the two was governed by these three concerns, as well as the close correlation between public and private in the lives of the republican elite. The discussion begins by considering the high valuation of fatherhood at Rome, evidenced by the use of terms derived from pater, and argues that the qualities expected of this individual were similar to those associated with the ideal statesman (Ch. I). From there, depictions of the Roman father by Greek and Roman authors are analysed to show that the former often emphasised the morality of the episode in question, while the latter stressed the conflict between the well-being of the family and the safety of the state (Ch. II). The argument then moves on to explore social expectations. Cicero’s Pro Roscio Amerino provides an example in which the ideals for father and son relationships are manipulated in order to persuade an audience (Ch. III). This shows that pietas, duty, companionship, and support towards one another were recognised as norms for these individuals. The discussion of the paterfamilias in the following chapter demonstrates that he was expected to act as a role model for future generations, and to provide education and protection to his dependants (Ch. IV). The reputation and continuity of the family line were also important considerations for the aristocratic head of household. From there, traditional values, dynastic considerations, and social ideals are explored through the family life-cycle (Ch. V). This section establishes that these three areas fostered a sense of common identity and unity within the household, and exerted significant pressure upon fathers and sons to maintain relatively harmonious relationships. The final chapter considers literary portrayals of Rome’s founders in order to reiterate the close correlation between the ideal of the father and the ideal of the statesman (Ch. VI). It concludes that the use of the father-figure by Augustus and later emperors to legitimise their position in the state develops from the ideological significance of fatherhood in the Republic.
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Salvatore, John Pamment. "Roman Republican castrametation : a reappraisal of historical and archaeological sources /." [Oxford] : Tempus reparatum, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36690477s.
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de, Sousa Norberto. "Societas civilis : classical Roman Republican theory on the theme of justice." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272236.
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Nickerson, Erika Lawren. "The Measure of All Things: Natural Hierarchy in Roman Republican Thought." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467310.
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This work explores how writers of the late Roman Republic use the concept of nature rhetorically, in order to talk about and either reinforce or challenge social inequality. Comparisons between humans and animals receive special attention, since writers of that time often equate social status with natural status by assimilating certain classes of person to certain classes of animal. It is the aim of this study to clarify the ideology which supported the conflation of natural and social hierarchy, by explicating the role that nature was thought to play in creating and maintaining the inequality both between man and man, and between man and animal. In investigating this issue, this study also addresses the question of whether the Romans took a teleological view of human society, as they did of nature, and ultimately concludes that they did not. It proposes, rather, that the conceptual mechanism which naturalized social inequality, and which drove the assimilation of human to animal, was the belief that there is one, natural measure of worth and status for all creatures: utility to the human community.
Chapter 1 identifies some pertinent beliefs, commonly found in Republican texts, about nature, animals, humans, and the relationship of all three to each other. Chapter 2 considers whether these beliefs have a philosophical provenance, by discussing Aristotle’s theory of natural slavery and Stoic views on the institution of slavery, and their possible relation to the ideas expressed in Roman sources. Chapter 3 returns to Republican texts, including popular oratory, and examines comparisons between domestic animals and humans in the treatment of slavery and wage-earning. Chapter 4 examines comparisons between wild animals and humans in discussions about violence and primitive peoples, and in political invective.Classics
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MacDougall, Ellen Margaret Hope. "Representations of empire : images of foreign peoples and places on Roman coinage (138 B.C.-96 A.D.)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/12115.
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This thesis examines figural representations of foreign peoples and places on Roman coinage. An accompanying appendix thoroughly catalogues this imagery between its earliest extant appearance in approximately 138 B.C. and the death of Domitian in 96 A.D. A systematic survey makes it possible to nuance existing narratives of the development of this imagery that privileged the late first and early second centuries A.D. as the key moments of change by revealing considerable diversity and innovation in the earlier period. A second contribution is methodological, highlighting the need for contextual analysis of individual issues to supplement the typological approach that has dominated earlier scholarship. Chapter One focuses on image types produced between 138-31 B.C. This was a particularly vibrant period for the production of these images and the chapter reveals a diverse spectrum of imagery. This contrasts sharply with previous assessments that characterised the period as dominated by images of submission. Chapter Two concentrates on Augustan imperial coinage (31 B.C.-14 A.D.) and identifies a shift towards more consistent usage of submissive imagery. Chapter Three highlights a significant decline in the use of images of foreign peoples and places on imperial coinage minted by the Julio-Claudian successors (14-68 A.D.). Chapter Four identifies a dramatic, albeit inconsistent, resurgence in the use of personifications of foreign peoples and places on coinage minted by competing imperial claimants during the civil wars of 68-69 A.D. Chapter Five focuses on Flavian imperial coinage (69-96 A.D.) and uncovers a significant resurgence in captive imagery. It identifies a new blurring of the lines between the iconographic traditions of captives and personifications of peoples and places. This blending of the two traditions lays important foundations for subsequent imagery on Trajanic imperial coinage.
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Tsirigotis, Theodoros. "Communal Authority and Individual Valorization in Republican Rome." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/743.
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In examining the end of the Roman Republic and the rise of the principate, one is inevitably struck by the transformation of the relationship between the individual and the community. Roman society during the Republic was predicated on the communal leadership of the elite and the recognition of excellence in individuals. In the days of the early and middle Republic, this individual recognition served as the vehicle to participation in communal authority, the prize for which aristocratic families competed. Communal authority was embodied in the Senate. The Senate not only acted as the supreme political body in the Roman state, but also acted as the moral and religious arbiter for society. This was in addition to their more easily foreseeable role as the face of the Roman state toward foreign peoples, both diplomatically and militarily. Heads of aristocratic families who were most often already part of the economic elite sought to secure membership within this smaller circle of political elite. Influence was sought in a variety of arenas, all with the purpose of proving one’s worthiness to be part of the administration of the state. Pursuit and possession of the traditional Roman virtues provided the foundation of legitimacy for oligarchic rule, and individual proof of virtue was necessary for inclusion within that rule. One of the chief spheres of proving one’s virtue was war, where martial valor eclipsed all other virtues, and courage on the battlefield and excellence in command proved one’s worthiness to inclusion in communal authority. However, as the Republic found itself facing every more frequent and threatening crises, it increasingly turned to its men of ability, investing them with ever greater license, and permitting, or at least having no choice but to permit, ever greater concentration of state power in the hands of individuals. These men of ambition and ability took advantage of Rome’s changing polity and the professionalization of its military under the reforms of Marius to circumvent traditional avenues of advancement in favor of more direct approaches. Each looked to the man behind him as precedent and to the future as chance for even greater glory. Eventually, Caesar took power at the head of an intensely loyal military force, ready to enforce by force of arms any protests in the name of tradition. Though ultimately assassinated, Caesar’s dictatorship marked the end of Republican Rome and the rise of the principate, defined by an inversion of the traditional relationship between the community and the individual. Now it was the Senate which sought political participation within the overarching framework of individual authority.
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HERNANDEZ, DAVID RAY. "STUDIES IN ROMAN REPUBLICAN TOPOGRAPHY: THE SERVIAN WALL AND THE PORTA TRIUMPHALIS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1077839141.
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Hernandez, David Ray. "Studies in roman republican topography The Servian Wall and the Porta Triumphalis /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ucin1077839141.
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Koon, Samuel. "Livy's battle descriptions and the nature of Roman mid-Republican heavy infantry combat." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498694.
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Dumais, Charles. "Machiavelli and a Sixteenth Century Republican Theory of Liberty." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23304.
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In the following thesis, I argue that to contextualize Machiavelli’s republican thought in his Italian humanist heritage permits us to understand how Machiavelli reaches back not only to an Italian pre-humanist inheritance of liberty as freedom from servitude, but to a Stoic conception of agency which he inherits and shapes in that concept of liberty. While my analysis of Machiavelli and his humanist heritage is in fundamental agreement with that of Quentin Skinner in The Foundations of Modern Political Thought, it develops however the implications of two theses that Paul O. Kristeller outlines in his works on Italian humanism: the eclectic nature of humanist ideas and their rhetorical focus. From this I draw a slightly different picture of the humanist heritage and its polemics with Augustine, and from these an understanding about Stoic agency and how it is inherited and shaped in Machiavelli’s conception of the citizen and civic duties.
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Lockyear, K. "Multivariate money : a statistical analysis of Roman Republican coin hoards with special reference to material from Romania." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/5067/.
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The aim of this thesis is assess the usefulness of the statistical analysis of coin hoards for the examination of aspects of ancient societies including coin use and exchange. Special attention was paid to various aspects of ‘formation processes.’ The thesis was divided into three parts. Part I — Background. This Part initially reviews the history of the project and then goes on to examine the concept of money in the light of anthropological and economic work. A brief discussion of types of exchange (gift, barter, commodity exchange) in societies is offered. The Part is concluded with a review of previous statistical analyses of coin assemblages. Part II—Analysing Hoards A large database of Roman Republican coin hoards was collected for this project. The problems with this type of data, its storage and retrieval are discussed. The database is then analysed in great detail in order to answer a series of numismatic, archaeological and statistical questions. Correspondence analysis was used on twenty-two subsets of the data to reveal patterning in the data-set which is discussed. A new variant of cluster analysis was developed to subdivide the data set whilst minimising the time series element. The results are compared to principal coordinates and detrended correspondence analyses. The analyses reveal aspects of the use and supply of Roman coinage over Europe and show clearly the unique nature of the Romanian data. An attempt is made to estimate the speed of circulation of coin in Italy. It is shown that the nature of coin supply leads to variation between periods which is the result of simple probability and sampling theory, not changes in the speed of circulation of coin as has been suggested by other authors. Simulation studies are used to examine the validity of estimates of coin production and annual coin loss. The results are summarised. The usefulness of the techniques used is discussed. In the light of the formation processes examined, the patterns in coin hoard data are tentatively interpreted. Part III — Romania. It is argued that to attempt a detailed interpretation of the patterns revealed above the material must be seen in its archaeological context. This case study is offered as one such attempt. Romania was chosen for two reasons: 1) the exceptional quantity of hoards found in an area outside Roman control; 2) the unique evidence for the copying of coins. After reviewing various aspects of Romanian archaeology, a detailed analysis of the problem of copies is offered including the results of a large scale archaeometallurgical study conducted under the direction of the author. Estimates of the quantities of coins copied are given. A brief review of the settlement evidence in the counties of Sibiu, Alba and Hunedoara, of special settlement and structure types, and of hoards of silverware is presented. The thesis concludes by discussing the nature of Dacian society and its use of coin in the light of the theoretical discussions in Part I, the evidence for coin supply discussed in Part II and the results of the analyses in Part III in the context of the wider archaeological evidence.
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Simmons, Dustin Wade. "From Obsurity to Fame and Back Again: The Caecilii Metelli in the Roman Republic." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2503.
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The house of the Caecilii Metelli was one of ancient Rome's most prestigious yet overshadowed plebeian families. Replete with dynamic orators, successful generals, and charismatic women, the Caecilii Metelli lived during the period of Rome's great expansion. Having participated in its transformation into the principal power in the Mediterranean, they survived until the fall of the Republic. By contemporary Roman standards they were a powerful and respected family. Seventeen consulships, nine triumphs, nine members of priestly colleges—including three who became pontifex maximus—and five censors are evidence of their high position in Rome. The trappings of magisterial office and military decorations notwithstanding, the Caecilii Metelli were nevertheless often overshadowed on the stage of Roman politics by stronger personalities and did not receive substantial attention in the ancient sources. This study seeks to understand the political connections and activities of the Caecilii Metelli in Republican Rome. While attention must be given to the appropriate social and historical contexts, the focus must always remain on the individuals and their interactions with each other. Each generation of the Metellan family was involved in varying degrees in the political processes of the time. A deeper understanding of the role of the Metelli in these processes shows that the Metelli can be understood as a family of outsiders who successfully attempted to make their presence felt in Roman politics, but were ultimately doomed to fail in the collapse of the Republic. They can serve as a paradigm for understanding the struggles of aristocratic families to maintain power and influence throughout the Roman Republic.
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Bragg, Edward. "From Arma to Fama : the military record of Roman republican commanders in speech and text (219-19 BC)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f3c00a9c-6f6d-4a52-bf1d-da7bbb1b8ff0.
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There are three main scholarly approaches to the mechanisms by which the military record of Roman Republican commanders was disseminated in Rome: the ceremony of the triumph, the erection of monuments with their inscriptions, and finally the minting of coins. Alongside this ceremonial and material publicity this thesis investigates how and why more ephemeral media, as well as autobiographical texts, were employed to disseminate, promote and at times denigrate the Roman military record during the period of 219-19 BC. It encompasses five core chapters: introduction; oratory as praise; oratory as criticism; letters; and autobiographical prose. Chapter two argues that military achievements were orally disseminated in various contexts in Rome: it was a fundamental facet of the triumphal process; a regular part of attaining and maintaining military commands; and the military record was frequently employed in forensic defence speeches, particularly in the late Republic with the growth of the law-courts. Chapter three focuses on how and why the military record was criticised back in Rome in a variety of contexts, arguing that it was a key means by which the Roman elite regulated excessive claims of gloria. Owing in part to the increasing concerns about self-serving Roman magistrates, focusing on behaviour beyond the battlefield was a common means of undermining commanders’ military reputations. Chapter four details the heavy and regular dependence on dispatches for short-term, yet proficient, martial self-promotion. It emphasises the key role of letters in the triumphal process, including the passing of legislation aimed in part at regulating their exploitation. It also argues that private correspondence played a valuable role, particularly in the targeting of senators and other influential sections of Roman society. Chapter five investigates the role of commentaries, memoirs and historical literature in the promotion of military res gestae and how criticism alongside concerns about posterity influenced their composition. It addresses the influence of Greek biography on their composition as well as the Roman aristocratic practice of preserving correspondence and other documentation.
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Blom, Henriette van der. "Ancestry and the challenge of the homo-novus: Cicero's use of personal exempla in late Roman republican politics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487143.
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This thesis examines Marcus Tullius Cicero's rhetorical and political strategy in late Roman republican politics with regard to his self-advertisement as follower of chosen models of behaviour from the past - his personal exempla. Cicero was a man with political ambitions. As a homo novus in a political culture which favoured men descended from , , famous consuls and generals, Cicero had to devise alternative strategies to reach political office and influence. This thesis argues that Cicero, through his main means to political power, his oratory, adopted the nobiles' claim to political offices through ancestry and adapted it to his own situation. Instead of references to the virtues and achievements of his own ancestors, Cicero presented himself as emulating specific historical figures with the purpose of building up and strengthening his public persona and thereby supporting his claim to political offices and influence. The thesis starts off with discussions of mos, maiores and historical exempla in Roman culture and society and in Cicero's works which show the central role of the maiores, their customs and traditions and their individual achievements in Roman political culture and in Cicero's perception thereof (Introduction). The following presentation and discussion of Ci~ero's background and educationhighlight the aspects which were crucial for his formation as an orator, author and politician such as his early encounters with exemplary Roman orators and politicians and the political implications of nobilitas and novitas (Chapter 1). The subsequent analysis of Cicero's choice and use of historical exempla in his speeches, letters and theoretical works emphasises the versatility and flexibility of such exempla and the central role of rhetorical strategy in the choice and application of historical exempla (Chapter 2). These insights lay the foundation for the analysis and discussion of Cicero's selection and employment of his personal exempla in all his works, which show the range of Cicero's personal exempla and the manifold ways in which Cicero employed these both to prove an immediate rhetorical and political point and to help him build up a credible and influential public persona (Chapter 3). This analysis again leads on to Cicero's self-projection as an exemplum to be followed by others and the various roles he adopted in this attempt (Chapter 4). The thesis concludes with a discussion of Cicero's choice of personal exempla and the implications for his novitas on his rhetorical and political strategy.
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Crane, Andrew Mark. "Roman attitudes to peace in the Late Republican and Early Imperial periods : from Greek origins to contemporary evidence." Thesis, University of Kent, 2014. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/44166/.
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Pax Romana is often seen as an aggressive force, imposing the will of Rome on her empire. Perhaps it is because of this that Roman authors are often seen as having a dismissive view of peace and an admiration, if not a love, of war. The only literary area where this has been questioned at any length is in verse, most fully by the elegists. This thesis, therefore, focuses on the concept of peace in the philosophy and historiography of late republican and early imperial Rome, drawing examples from classical Greece and early Christian texts when necessary. The first section acts as an introduction to the possibility of a more positive attitude to peace by examining the most striking negative presentations of war: just war theory and civil wars. The second section examines the main philosophical schools from the period and argues that the Stoics, Cynics and Epicureans share pacifistic views that are not merely utopian but are grounded in important tenets of their respective philosophies: oikeiosis, cosmopolitanism, and the unimportance of material and physical virtues for the Stoics and Cynics; divine self-sufficiency, the avoidance of pain, and the importance of friendship for the Epicureans. Some even willingly reject more traditionally Roman values, like gloria, because they conflicted with the philosophical antipathy to warfare. An examination of the usages of the terms pax and concordia in the historians of the time argues that the dominant view, that they were suspicious of peace, is not wholly accurate. Sallust and Livy provide numerous examples that suggest a more open attitude to peace and, at times, even seem to share some of the pacifistic beliefs of the philosophers. Further, even the more militaristic historians can present peace as a state preferable to war.
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Barry, John Mannix. "Fides in Julius Caesar's Bellum Civile a study in Roman political ideology at the close of the Republican era /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3213.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.Thesis research directed by: History. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Ciucciove`, Roberto. "The 'res publica' of the tribunes : tribunician legislation and the political strategies of the Roman mid-republican elite (218-180 BC)." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/4191.
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Vukovic, Kresimir. "The Roman festival of the Lupercalia : history, myth, ritual and its Indo-European heritage." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2765ebe9-20ef-47c0-9d48-63c7e8a2fb34.
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The Roman festival of the Lupercalia is one of the most discussed issues in the field of pre-Christian Roman religion. Hardly a year goes by without an article on the subject appearing in a major Classics journal. But the festival presents a range of issues that individual articles cannot address. This thesis is an attempt to present a modern analysis of the phenomenon of the Lupercalia as a whole, including literary, archaeological and historical evidence on the subject. The first section presents the ancient sources on the Lupercalia, and is divided into five chapters, each analysing a particular aspect of the festival: fertility, purification, the importance of the wolf and the foundation myth, the mythology of Arcadian origins, and Caesar's involvement with the Lupercalia of 44 BC. The second section places the Lupercalia in a wider context, discussing the festival's topography and the course of the running Luperci, its relationship to other lustration rituals, and its position in the Roman calendar, ending with an appraisal of the changes it underwent in late Antiquity. The third section employs methods from linguistics, anthropology and comparative religion to show that the Lupercalia involved a ritual of initiation, which was also reflected in the Roman foundation myth. The central chapter of this section discusses the methodology used in comparative Indo-European mythology, and offers a case study that parallels the god of the festival (Faunus) with Rudra of Vedic Hinduism. The last chapter considers other parallels with Indian religion, especially the relationship between flamen and brahmin. The thesis challenges a number of established theories on the subject and offers new evidence to show that the festival has Indo-European origins, but also that it played an important role throughout Roman history.
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Brennan, T. Corey. "The praetorship in the roman republic /." Oxford : Oxford university press, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb377573274.
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Hollander, David Bruce. "Money in the late Roman Republic /." Leiden : Brill, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41019276s.
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Luaces, Max. "Production et diffusion des amphores tardo-puniques en Méditerranée occidentale : l’apport des contextes de la Gaule méridionale." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2113/document.
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Bien qu’elles aient été isolées il y a plusieurs décennies, certaines formes d’amphores « puniques » restaient difficiles à appréhender en raison de leur fabrication au cours de la période romaine. Plusieurs découvertes récentes ont permis d’identifier la production de certains de ces conteneurs au sein de l’espace du détroit de Gibraltar, après la seconde Guerre Punique (218-202 av. J.-C.). Face à l’importance et à la cohérence de la documentation concernant ces amphores, l’archéologie espagnole les a rassemblé dans un même groupe, celui des « amphores tardo-puniques ». Pour l’heure, cinq classes de conteneurs composent ce groupe, du fait de leurs chronologies commune et d’une mixité des traits typo-morphologiques commune, entre les traditions phéniciennes du détroit, puniques et romaines. La considération conjointe de ces types a été corroborée par une très large documentation, l’étude de ces amphores tardo-puniques représentant un nouvel axe de recherche. Néanmoins, de nombreuses interrogations persistaient sur ce mobilier malgré ces premiers ces progrès. D’une part, l’extension réelle de la production de ces conteneurs, de même que les modalités de leur fabrication au sein du détroit – entre la Maurétanie et l’Ibérie – restaient mal définies. D’autre part, les conditions et l’amplitude de leur distribution en dehors de la région du détroit représentaient des aspects particulièrement mal connus. Notre recherche entend constituer un large corpus de données archéologiques et historiques afin de tenter d’aborder ces questionnements. Pour y parvenir, un état de la question a été réalisé via le regroupement de la documentation des contextes de fabrication connus et supposés. Ensuite, une étude de plusieurs gisements sous-marins, en majorité inédits, a été réalisée afin de pouvoir observer les conditions de la circulation maritime de ces emballages. Enfin, leur place dans les réseaux d’échanges romains a été examinée via l’étude de plusieurs sites de consommation. L’analyse approfondie de ces informations, via un cadre analytique pluridisciplinaire, a conduit à réévaluer l’importance de ces conteneurs tardo-puniques dans les réseaux d’échanges tardo-républicains, un phénomène qui est également distinctement associé à l’intégration des élites du détroit de Gibraltar dans la « société » romaineAlthough they were isolated for several decades, some forms of "Punic" amphorae remain difficult to handle, mostly because of their manufacturing during the Roman period. Several recent discoveries allowed to identify the production of some of these containers within the space of the Strait of Gibraltar, in the continuation of the second Punic War (218-202 BC). Given the importance and consistency of their documentation, the Spanish archaeology gathered these ancient packages in the group of the "Late-Punic amphorae". For the moment, five types compose this group. They share several characteristics, between their chronologies and their morphological features mixing Phoenician, Punic and Roman traditions. The joint consideration of these types has recently been, confirmed, the study of the Late-Punic amphorae becoming a new area of research. Nevertheless, many questions persisted in spite of huge progress. On one hand, the real extension of the production of these containers, as well as the modalities of their manufacturing within the area of the Strait, could not be defined. On the other hand, the conditions and the range of their commercial diffusion out of the Iberian Peninsula was still uncertain.Our research intends to deal with these questions thanks to a wide corpus of archaeological and historical data. The first stage of our study concerned the consolidation of the documentation from the manufacturing contexts associated with the Late-Punic containers. Then, a study of several underwater deposits, most of them largely unpublished, is realized in order to observe their maritime traffic. Their place in the trade patterns of the Late Republican era is criticized by examining their presence in several consumption sites. The analysis of all these data led to reevaluate the commercial success of these Late-Punic containers, whereas their diffusion was clearly connected with the integration of the local elites from the Strait of Gibraltar in the Roman society
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Galliegue, Arnaud. "Les lampes à huile en céramique de Lyon-Lugdunum de la fondation de la colonie (43 av.J.-C.) jusqu'au début du IV siècle ap. J.-C. : production et consommation." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2153.
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Ce travail a pour but de cataloguer de façon exhaustive la plupart des objets de type luminaire découverts à lyon au cours de fouilles archéologiques. ce catalogue inclura également le mobilier issu de très anciennes collections formant le fond ancien des musées de lyon.il sera question de faire une typochronologie des luminaires typiquement lyonnais en les replaçant dans leur contexte. ce travail permettra d'appréhender les formes en vogues et en circulation à lyon de la fin de la république romaine jusqu'au bas empireThe use of oil lamps as means of lighting, illustrates perfectly the phenomenon of Romanization that took place in Gaul from the conquest by Julius Caesar in 52 BC.The colony of Lugdunum is no exception to the rule. Therefore, numerous lamps already result from layers dating back to the foundation of Lyon and find themselves in archaeological contexts at least until the beginning of the 4th century AD.Among the dozen of sites which give evidence of a craft activity linked to the work of clay in Lyon, three produced oil lamps such as the workshop of La Muette, during the Augustan period, the workshop of La Butte, between 40 AD until the end of the 1st century AD, and the workshop of Chapeau Rouge, during the second half of the 1st century AD.Thus, the study of oil lamps hand-crafted in these sites, firstly allowed to determine a panorama of forms and decorations produced locally.The purpose of any production being to be spread and then consumed – and possibly discarded – this work has also endeavoured to study lamps coming from domestic sites, mainly gathered on the hill of Fourvière and on Lyon peninsula, and funerary sites, mostly located in the suburbium of Lugdunum. The compilation of the data collected from each of these contexts has helped to identify a lychnological facies of Lyon over approximately four centuries, based on typological and morphological researches, but also on ceramic, iconographic and epigraphic data
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MacKay, Joshua Stewart. "Livy's Republic: Reconciling Republic and Princeps in Ab Urbe Condita." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6668.
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As early as Tacitus, Livian scholarship has struggled to resolve the "Livian paradox," the conflict between Livy's support of the Roman Republic and his overt approval of Augustus, who brought about the end of the Republic. This paper addresses the paradox by attempting to place Livy's writings within their proper historical and literary context. An examination of Augustus' position during the early years of Livy's writing shows that the princeps cloaked his power within the precedent of Republican autocracy, in which imperium could be unlimited in power so long as it was limited by time. As a result, although Augustus' rule would ultimately prove the end of Rome's republic, nevertheless during Livy's early writings Augustus' reign and the Republic were not antithetical. Livy's preface and early exempla further demonstrate that Livy's writings, while condemnatory of his contemporary Rome, blame Rome's decline on the character of the Roman people rather than a corruption of the Republic's political forms. In his preface Livy blames vitia, not ambitio for the universal destruction of the civil wars, while his exempla from the monarchic period and beyond show praise or condemnation of individuals for their actions, not their political offices. Livy praises most of Rome's monarchs for their individual character and their establishment of mores, while also portraying the early Romans' defense of libertas as injuriously overzealous. Ultimately, Augustus' attempts to legislate conservative, "traditional" morality made him a contemporary exemplum of Livy's ancient mores. Thus, the Livian paradox is answered by understanding that Augustus and the Republic were not antithetical, Livy was not concerned with political forms but morality, and Augustus' morality aligned with that championed by Livy.
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Matsubara, Toshibumi. "Diodorus Siculus on the late Roman Republic." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531065.
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Troxler, Howard. "Electoral abuse in the late Roman Republic." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002368.
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Polt, Christopher Brian O'Hara James J. "Latin literary translation in the late Roman Republic." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,886.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.Title from electronic title page (viewed Dec. 18, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Classics." Discipline: Classics; Department/School: Classics.
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Donaldson, Adam E. "Peasant and Slave Rebellion in the Roman Republic." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/268576.
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In the second and first centuries BCE a series of three large-scale slave revolts erupted in Sicily and central Italy, each of which ravaged wide swathes of territory and were suppressed only after serious loss of life. These slave rebellions, which were unprecedented in Roman experience to that point, provoked horrified reactions from most ancient authors. Modern scholars have generally treated the late-Republican uprisings as isolated events, the unexpected consequence of military expansion. A focus on the label "slave," however, instead of on the social and economic roles of the specific rebels, has compartmentalized studies of the slave wars, allowing discussion only within the confines of Roman slavery studies. Since the rebel armies in each war were composed principally of agricultural laborers, a profitable comparison can be drawn from peasant uprisings and other manifestations of collective violence that occurred in throughout the Roman world. This study offers a new context for analyzing the slave wars, which re-integrates them into the broader sweep of Roman history and understands them as one manifestation of a broader pattern of social and cultural transformation.
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Pobjoy, Mark. "Rome and Capua from Republic to Empire." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319093.
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Williams, J. H. C. "Beyond the Rubicon : Romans and Gauls in Republican Italy /." Oxford : Oxford university press, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41151317m.
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Ouellet, Julian Joseph. "Old world orders: The many faces of sovereignty (Roman Empire, Roman Republic, France, China)." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3219001.
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Kleinman, Brahm. "Ambitus in the Late Roman Republic (80-50 B.C.)." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=107806.
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This study provides an analysis of the electoral practice of ambitus, usually translated as electoral bribery, during the last generation of the Roman Republic (80-50 B.C.). It offers a broader definition of ambitus as "an exaggeration of traditional electoral practices" and argues that it should not be considered a form of corruption in the context of late Republican politics. Ambitus had several important symbolic and practical functions that made it an indispensable part of canvassing, but was not primarily a method for candidates to obtain the votes of poorer citizens. Opposition to ambitus, whether in the form of legislation, prosecutions or invective, did not stem from moral outrage but from practical concerns and the specific political goals of individual aristocrats. Senators hoped to use legislation and prosecutions against ambitus to advance their own careers. At the same time, aristocratic competition had intensified due to the constitutional reforms enacted during Sulla's dictatorship. It was recognized that ever increasing expenditure was necessary to win elections. The political elite thus considered the rising scale of ambitus to be a destabilizing factor in late Republican politics and attempted to regulate it.Cette étude offre une analyse de la pratique électorale d'ambitus, traduit habituellement comme corruption électorale, au cours de la dernière génération de la république Romaine (80-50 avant J.-C.). L'auteur offre une définition plus large d'ambitus comme étant « une exagération des pratiques électorales traditionnelles » et affirme que cela ne devrait pas être considéré une forme de corruption dans le contexte de l'apogée de la politique républicaine. L'ambitus servait plusieurs importantes fonctions symboliques et pragmatiques qui en faisaient une partie indispensable du démarchage électoral. Néanmoins, ce n'était pas principalement une méthode d'obtention, pour les candidats, des votes des citoyens les plus pauvres. L'opposition à ambitus, que ce soit sous la forme de lois, de poursuites ou d'invective, ne parvenait pas d'une indignation morale de la population, mais plutôt des préoccupations et des objectifs politiques de certains aristocrates. Ces sénateurs espéraient approprier l'effort contre l'ambitus pour avancer leurs propres carrières. En même temps, alors que la compétition entre aristocrates s'intensifiait en raison des réformes constitutionnelles de la dictature de Sulla, il a été reconnu que ces dépenses, devenus de plus en plus nécessaires pour effectuer l'ambitus et gagner les élections, étaient une force de déstabilisation dans la politique républicaine. Les élites politiques donc essayaient de le réglementer.
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Rees, William J. "Cassius Dio, human nature and the late Roman Republic." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:75230c97-3ac1-460d-861b-5cb3270e481e.
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This thesis builds on recent scholarship on Dio’s φύσις model to argue that Dio’s view of the fall of the Republic can be explained in terms of his interest in the relationship between human nature and political constitution. Chapter One examines Dio’s thinking on Classical debates surrounding the issue of φύσις and is dedicated to a detailed discussion of the terms that are important to Dio’s understanding of Republican political life. The second chapter examines the relationship between φύσις and Roman theories of moral decline in the late Republic. Chapter Three examines the influence of Thucydides on Dio. Chapter Four examines Dio’s reliance on Classical theories of democracy and monarchy. These four chapters, grouped into two sections, show how he explains the downfall of the Republic in the face of human ambition. Section Three will be the first of two case studies, exploring the life of Cicero, one of the main protagonists in Dio’s history of the late Republic. In Chapter Five, I examine Dio’s account of Cicero’s career up to the civil war between Pompey and Caesar. Chapter Six explores Cicero’s role in politics in the immediate aftermath of Caesar’s death, first examining the amnesty speech and then the debate between Cicero and Calenus. Chapter Seven examines the dialogue between Cicero and Philiscus, found in Book 38. In Section Four is my other case study, Caesar. Chapter Eight discusses Caesar as a Republican politician. In Chapter Nine, I examine Dio’s version of the mutiny at Vesontio and Caesar’s speech. Chapter Ten examines Dio’s portrayal of Caesar after he becomes dictator and the speech he delivers to the senate. The Epilogue ties together the main conclusions of the thesis and examines how the ideas explored by Dio in his explanation of the fall of the Republic are resolved in his portrait of the reign of Augustus.
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Pearson, Elizabeth Hazel. "The development of army administration in the Roman Republic." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-development-of-army-administration-in-the-roman-republic(5ad7587e-18e8-4dcd-8fc6-52a32717213b).html.
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The study of Roman military administration has largely been limited to the Prinicipate following the discovery of documents at Vindolanda and Dura-Europos. The origin of this administration is either attributed to Augustus’ military reforms or considered older but irrecoverable based on a perceived lack of evidence. This thesis aims to demonstrate that, far from irrecoverable, it is possible to reconstruct the development of a relatively complex and well-structured bureaucratic system supporting the army during the Middle Republic. This bureaucracy developed in parallel with the military as the scale and scope of Rome’s wars increased during the period, and is reflected in the evolution of an administrative complex on the south-eastern slope of the Capitol. It is argued that in Rome and within the legion detailed records were kept and, within reason, every effort was made to keep them as accurate as possible. The Capitol functioned as the administrative hub, where census declarations and the census list, stored in the atrium Libertatis, served as the central authority for military records. Other military documents kept in the aerarium Saturni provided support. Lists such as the tabulae iuniorum were created from the census records, with exemptions and served terms noted. From these, legion lists with the same details could be created by military tribunes or scribae at the dilectus, the military recruitment levy, in the area Capitolina. One copy of this list was taken with the legion, and from 204 BC another was left in Rome. These parallel documents enabled a degree of cooperation between the administrative authorities within the legions and at Rome. The legion lists allowed commanders (or their subordinates) to act as devolved satellite bureaucracies, with more exact information from being on the spot. Frequent letters and embassies from the legions to the senate meant that these satellites could communicate not only their tactical position but also administrative information. In the field, legion lists provided commanders with a record of their men. Additional information on rank was added once the legion was organised. Using this list the quaestor calculated the pay for each individual, marking the separate deductions to be made from each soldier. Commanders took care to keep the record of their numbers accurate, noting casualties in as much detail as time and injuries allowed. This information was transmitted to the senate in order to keep the legions up to strength, not only by replacing casualties but also those who had served the ideal maximum term of six years. Overly long service was for the most part thus avoided. It appears that every effort was made to keep the records as up-to-date as possible, but it was recognised that errors could occur. The lustra conducted by new generals provided the opportunity to correct any omissions or mistakes as well as ritually purifying the army under a new commander. The emergency levy circumvented any errors in the census so that Rome could mobilise effectively in a crisis. It was not Augustan invention but these Mid-Republican developments which presaged the bureaucratic system known under the Principate.
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Rossi, Lucia. "D'Alexandrie à Pouzzoles : les rapports économiques entre l'Égypte et Rome du II° siècle avant J.C. au Ier siècle après J.C." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10178.
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Nous nous intéressons à l’évolution des rapports économiques entre la Rome républicaine et l’Égypte lagide et notamment à la commercialisation du blé égyptien au bénéfice de Rome. L’étude diachronique des échanges économiques entre les deux pays nous mène à nous confronter avec l’évolution de leurs rapports politiques réciproques. Nous poursuivons notre enquête pour le premier siècle d’Empire Romain. Nous nous attarderons sur l’étude de la gestion du blé égyptien au sein du système annonaire, sans pour autant négliger les acteurs « privés » du commerce du blé sous les Empereurs julio-claudiens. Nous articulerons notre recherche autour des trois axes principaux: les institutions, les acteurs et les structures du commerce du bléWe will study the history of economic relationships between Roman Republic and Ptolemaic Egypt, focusing on Egyptian grain trade in western Mediterranean basin, especially in Rome and Puteoli. Our diachronic approach about economical exchanges between these two countries will retain attention on their reciprocal political relationships. We will continue our research during the first century of Roman Empire. We will interest to Egyptian grain administration by the annona and the imperial supply structures. We will bring interest also on private grain trade under Julio-Claudians emperors. We will develop our research on three fundamental items: the institutions, the actors and the structures of the grain trade
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Sullivan, Vanessa. "Increasing Fertility in the Roman Late Republic and Early Empire." NCSU, 2009. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03272009-111414/.
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During the late Republic and early Empire, many Roman citizens emphasized their personal fertility and were concerned with increasing the citizen birthrate. The continuation of individual families, as well as the security of the Roman state and economy relied upon the existence of a stable population. Literary, medical, documentary and legal sources show a variety of political and social means that were employed by men and women of all classes to promote fertility. These means included legislation as well as an emphasis on the non-use of abortion. Medicine also played a role in increasing conception rates, through the involvement of physicians and reliance upon folk medicine. This research shows the critical importance of motherhood to Roman society during this period, and raises questions about the impact that the desire for fertility had upon Roman society.
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Arena, Valentina. "Democratic ideas and political practice in the late Roman Republic." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401229.
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Gyori, Victoria. "From republic to principate : change and continuity in Roman coinage." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/from-republic-to-principate(79056ebd-faf5-4f69-a4f5-0d75a57ca875).html.
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My thesis analyses the changes which occurred in the coinage of Rome from the mid-first century BC to the succession of Tiberius in AD 14 and investigates how they can contribute to our understanding of the nature and chronology of the formation of the Principate. The first chapter discusses methodological problems. I argue that the current organization and classification of Roman coinage - especially the treatment of all post-31/27 BC coins as "imperial" - have prejudged and obscured the value of coinage as evidence for this transition. The second chapter examines the Octavianic CAESAR DIVI F(ilius) and IMP(erator) CAESAR series of c. 32-27 BC. I argue these coins should be seen in a "Hellenistic monarchic" tradition following the Late Republican debt to Hellenistic artistic media. The third chapter and the fourth chapter focus on coins minted at Rome and in Spain from 23 BC to 16 BC. I argue that while many of these coins still employ numerous Late Republican Hellenising motifs, they also introduce novel elements into the typological inventory of Roman coinage, such as "honorific" and "anticipatory" issues, as well as a boom in the use of explanatory legends. The fifth chapter explores the dramatic shift in "familial" coin typology from the "ancestral" references in the Republic to portrayal of living members of the domus Augusti. The domus Augusti is the one numismatic theme that is found both on Augustan "mainstream" and "provincial" coins, and it seems that these types were first developed on the "provincial" coins. Overall, I conclude that these developments were not unilinear: there had been a general trend starting in the late Republic to adopt "Hellenistic monarchic" elements on Roman coins, while Tiberian coins of the end of Augustus’ reign still have strong "Republican" elements. I argue, however, that, after a ’false start’ before 27 BC, the decisive shift towards "monarchic" typology occurred after 19 BC.
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Burden-Strevens, Christopher William. "Cassius Dio's speeches and the collapse of the Roman Republic." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7325/.
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This thesis argues that Cassius Dio used his speeches of his Late Republican and Augustan narratives as a means of historical explanation. I suggest that the interpretative framework which the historian applied to the causes and success of constitutional change can be most clearly identified in the speeches. The discussion is divided into eight chapters over two sections. Chapter 1 (Introduction) sets out the historical, paideutic, and compositional issues which have traditionally served as a basis for rejecting the explanatory and interpretative value of the speeches in Dio’s work and for criticising his Roman History more generally. Section 1 consists of three methodological chapters which respond to these issues. In Chapter 2 (Speeches and Sources) I argue that Dio’s prosopopoeiai approximate more closely with the political oratory of that period than has traditionally been recognised. Chapter 3 (Dio and the Sophistic) argues that Cassius Dio viewed the artifice of rhetoric as a particular danger in his own time. I demonstrate that this preoccupation informed, credibly, his presentation of political oratory in the Late Republic and of its destructive consequences. Chapter 4 (Dio and the Progymnasmata) argues that although the texts of the progymnasmata in which Dio will have been educated clearly encouraged invention with a strongly moralising focus, it is precisely his reliance on these aspects of rhetorical education which would have rendered his interpretations persuasive to a contemporary audience. Section 2 is formed of three case-studies. In Chapter 5 (The Defence of the Republic) I explore how Dio placed speeches-in-character at three Republican constitutional crises to set out an imagined case for the preservation of that system. This case, I argue, is deliberately unconvincing: the historian uses these to elaborate the problems of the distribution of power and the noxious influence of φθόνος and φιλοτιμία. Chapter 6 (The Enemies of the Republic) examines the explanatory role of Dio’s speeches from the opposite perspective. It investigates Dio’s placement of dishonest speech into the mouths of military figures to make his own distinctive argument about the role of imperialism in the fragmentation of the res publica. Chapter 7 (Speech after the Settlement) argues that Cassius Dio used his three speeches of the Augustan age to demonstrate how a distinctive combination of Augustan virtues directly counteracted the negative aspects of Republican political and rhetorical culture which the previous two case-studies had explored. Indeed, in Dio’s account of Augustus the failures of the res publica are reinvented as positive forces which work in concert with Augustan ἀρετή to secure beneficial constitutional change.
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Hodgson, Louise Lovelace. "'Without body or form' : Res Publica and the Roman Republic." Thesis, Durham University, 2013. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/8506/.
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This thesis explores the crisis of political legitimacy at the end of the Roman Republic from the angle of the increasing politicisation of a key concept in the Roman political vocabulary – that of the political sphere itself, the res publica. Exactly how the ‘consensual’ political world of the classic Republic disintegrated is one of the key questions of Roman history. The politicisation of the political sphere is an important part of this crisis that has received relatively little attention to date, partly because of the difficulty involved in pinning down just what res publica meant. Since the concept of res publica is politically ubiquitous, often used emotively and in consequence very hard to define, the temptation to take it as a universally understood and relatively uncontroversial given is rarely resisted. Julius Caesar’s notorious opinion that ‘the res publica is nothing, a mere name without body or form’ (Suet. Jul. 77), however, supplies only one indication that this was not the case. From P. Scipio Nasica’s efforts to keep the res publica salva to L. Cornelius Sulla’s reconstitution of the res publica in 82–1 and Caesar’s sarcasm on the subject of its very existence, the perceived condition and needs of the res publica were a source of concern, controversy, division and self-justification throughout this period. I examine how res publica was historically understood and manipulated as a source of political legitimacy in the late Roman Republic, with implications not just for the claims of contemporary political actors but also for their (and our) understanding of what their fragmenting political sphere was and should be.
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Ficocelli, Giuseppe. "‘Portfolios of Power’: Julius Caesar in the Late Roman Republic." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39548.
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Julius Caesar’s rise to power was achieved through a combination of different sources of power. These ‘portfolios of power’ were money and connections, oratory, and religion, and they worked either in conjunction or separately throughout Caesar’s life to further his career. Each portfolio served multiple functions. For instance, connections were used to advocate on his behalf when needed, money was utilised to create financial dependency (i.e. loaning to potential allies), rhetoric was applied to promote himself, while religion was used to assert his hegemony over the Gauls. It was indeed his cultivation and expansion of these diverse portfolios that led to his eventual supremacy over the Roman world. One asset alone would not have sufficed during the various challenges throughout his career. Furthermore, it was his diverse portfolios of power that set him apart from other Roman politicians. For example, Cicero and Pompeius, each relied chiefly on one portfolio to acquire power, oratory for Cicero and military prowess for Pompeius. The extent to which Caesar sought to be sole ruler is debatable, but we can say with confidence that throughout his career, he had clear goals and developed strategies to achieve them.
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Hodgkinson, Michael John. "C. Licinius Macer and the historiography of the early republic." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286592.
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Howard, Mark Louis. "Rebel Motivations during the Social War and Reasons for Their Actions after Its End." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1575319753437674.
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Pickford, Karen Lee. "The common soldier : military service and patriotism in the Roman republic." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610007.
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Williams, Sheri. "Public Order and Social Control through Religion in the Roman Republic." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1703282/.
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Rome was among the largest cities in Europe during the Republic era, with a population that was diverse in social status and ethnicity. To maintain public order and social control of such a large, continually growing and shifting population that encompassed mixed cultures and Roman citizens, the Roman elites had to use various methods to keep the peace and maintain social stability. As religion was so deeply ingrained into every aspect of Roman life, it is worth taking a deeper look into how those in charge used it to maintain peace and relative control in Rome and its territories. Chapter 1 offers a brief look at the history of Roman religion, its terms and definitions, and the idea of social control as it pertains to this thesis. Chapter 2 shows the motivations of the Roman elite classes in their use of religion to maintain public order and enforce social control of the mass population. Couched in the need to uphold the Pax Deorum or Peace of the Gods, religious piety and order was cultivated as a means to protect the Republic from harm. Chapter 3 explains how the Patrician and Plebeian classes directed the attention of the residents of Rome with a calendar that was filled with rituals, sacrifices, festivals, and market days. In keeping a busy religious schedule, the people of Rome maintained a constant and direct relationship with the gods. Chapter 4 discusses the importance of women in the roles of priestesses and officers in religious cult to sustain the religious health and welfare of the city of Rome and the smaller communities within the city they inhabited. Chapter 5 examines the use of execution as a religious means of enforcing public order and social control. The chapter explores different means of execution and how they were placed into the realm of religion as a means to rid the populace of impurity and cultivate the piety of the Republic. Chapter 6 brings all of these elements together to show that the people of the Roman Republic believed in their gods and believed that the religious rites and practices that they maintained were instrumental in keeping the Pax Deorum. It was this belief that the ruling Patrician and Plebeian classes regulated to make sure that public and social order were upheld and preserved.
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Steinby, Christa. "The Roman Republic navy from the sixth century to 167 B.C. /." [Helsinki] : Societas scientiarum Fennica, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41143737m.
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Siles, Vallejos Abraham. "The dictatorship in the Classical Roman Republic as a prime referent in the regime of the constitutional state of emergency." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115673.
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The starting point of the article is the idea that the original model of state of emergency government established to save the Constitution can be found in the Classical Roman Republic. It makes the characteristics of this institution to be analyzed. Institution that has founded an intellectual ‘tradition’ in the political and legal Western thought. The study also comments the characteristics that distinguish the “Roman dictatorship” as a concept that lightens the theoretical options of people who worry about the constitutional emergencies and the powers to set against.El artículo toma como punto de partida la idea de que es en la República romana clásica donde ha de encontrarse el modelo original del gobierno de excepción instaurado para salvar la Constitución. A partir de ello, se analizan las características de esta institución, que ha fundado una«tradición» intelectual en el pensamiento político y jurídico de Occidente. El estudio también comenta los rasgos que distinguen a la «dictadura romana» como concepción que ilumina las opciones teóricas de quienes se preocupan por las emergencias constitucionales y los poderes para hacerles frente.
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Meritens, de Villeneuve Guillaume de. "Les fils de Pompée et leur entourage politique (46-35 av. J.-C.)." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20089.
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Les fils de Pompée, Cnaeus et Sextus, sont deux acteurs majeurs des guerres civiles de la fin de la République romaine. Ce travail de thèse se propose de reconsidérer le parcours politique et militaire de ces deux personnages, durant les années 47 à 35 av. J.-C, en soulevant deux questions : de quelle façon construisent-ils leur légitimité et leur pouvoir ? Quels sont la composition, le fonctionnement et l’évolution de leur entourage politique ? Pour en traiter, de nombreuses sources littéraires sont à notre disposition – notamment, Cicéron, Appien et Cassius Dion –, mais afin d’approfondir l’enquête il a fallu réaliser deux grandes études préalables : d’abord, un examen détaillé des émissions monétaires des deux frères, pour analyser la représentation de leur pouvoir et de leur légitimité ; ensuite, une prosopographie de leur entourage, permettant d’identifier les partisans des fils de Pompée et de comprendre la façon dont se forme puis évolue ce groupe. Les acquis de ces deux études ont permis, outre une analyse plus approfondie des parcours politiques et militaires de Cnaeus et de Sextus Pompée dans différents contextes (péninsule Ibérique, d’abord, entre 47 et 44 ; Sicile, ensuite, de 43 à 36 ; provinces d’Asie et de Bithynie, enfin, en 35), d’apporter de nouveaux éléments aux réflexions en cours sur la nature et le fonctionnement des « partis politiques » à Rome à la fin de la RépubliquePompeius’ sons, Cnaeus and Sextus, are two major players of the civil wars of the end of the Roman Republic. This thesis aims to reconsider the political and military career of these two characters, between 47 and 35 BC., raising two issues: how do they build their legitimacy and power? How is their political entourage composed, how is it functioning and evolving? To deal with these questions, we have many literary sources at our disposal – including the works of Cicero, Appian and Cassius Dion – and, to deepen our investigation, two large preliminary studies had to be carried out: firstly, a detailed examination of the two brothers’ monetary issues, to analyse the representation of their power and legitimacy; secondly, a prosopography of their entourage, which allows to identify the partisans of Pompeius’ sons and to understand how this group is formed and evolves. The achievements of these two studies, rendered possible a more in-depth analysis of the political and military paths of Cnaeus and Sextus Pompey in different contexts (first, in the Iberian Peninsula, between 47 and 44; then in Sicily, from 43 to 36; finally, in the provinces of Asia and Bithynia, in 35), and to add new elements to the ongoing reflections on the nature and functioning of "political parties" in Rome at the end of the Republic
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Day, Simon Christopher. "Fleets and Prouinciae in the Roman Republic : institutions, administration and the conceptualisation of empire between 260 and 49 B.C." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:29ad413f-bd52-40f9-ae1c-3cb273642cdd.
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This research examines how, when and why the Romans assigned and defined the tasks of preparing and commanding fleets during the Republic. In doing so, it brings new evidence to bear on the wider debates about the nature of the prouincia and the institutional and administrative development of the Roman empire. The communis opinio is that a prouincia originally represented a functional “sphere of operation” that was allotted or assigned to a magistrate and that it only later developed a geographical meaning with territorial connotations through the process of “provincialisation.” This research challenges that view through an analysis of the evidence for the definition, assignment and practical use of the prouincia classis and other prouinciae connected with the command of fleets. Drawing upon and analysing the lists of administrative arrangements to be found in the “annalistic” sections of the surviving books of Livy’s History, it argues that prouinciae were defined in specific geographical and functional terms long before the development of permanent territorial empire. This offers a new perspective which points to and elucidates the flexible use of the prouincia as a means of separating magistrates and promagistrates in space or by function in space. It argues that the rationale for this was to limit conflicts between commanders over command and triumphal rights. By combining evidence from a wide range of sources after the loss of Livy’s History from 167, the research shows that the above rationale for demarcating prouinciae still applied in the first century B.C. However, it also demonstrates that there were significant changes with the assignment of vast Mediterranean-wide naval prouinciae in the first half of the first century B.C. It argues that the definition of these prouinciae was made possible by the development of a singular collective Mediterranean-wide ora maritima, which was brought about by the Romans’ increasing “acknowledgement of empire.” The negative political and institutional implications of these developments are also assessed. Finally, in discussing the above, this research also provides new insights into the role and auctoritas of the Senate, the function and freedom of magistrates, and the Romans’ conceptualisation of their empire.
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Hanna, Michael Hamilton Jeffrey S. "Land reform and the fall of the Roman Republic, 133-83 BC." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/4827.
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