Academic literature on the topic 'Roman History'

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Journal articles on the topic "Roman History"

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Levick, B. M. "Roman History." Greece and Rome 60, no. 1 (March 12, 2013): 166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383512000332.

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Bravely stepping into the arena, we first tackle Paul J. Burton's Friendship and Empire, which strikes a blow for the Romans, though he disclaims participation in the ‘defensive/offensive’ imperialism debate. He uses theory, the comparatively optimistic I(nternational) R(elations) Constructivism rather than IR (Neo-)Realism, though without abandoning the latter completely, to show that Roman foreign relations in his period were conceived in terms of amicitia rather than of Ernst Badian's clientela; and, more importantly, that language has an impact on how we construct global realities. History matters, and Roman diplomatic concepts should be considered on their own terms. Once individual friendship and its uncertainties and dissolution have been analysed, three empirical core chapters follow, which apply theory to cases in the categories of ‘Beginnings’, with discussion of socii, deditio voluntary and involuntary, and fides; ‘Duties’ (cf. le don); and ‘Breakdown and Dissolution’ (usually simultaneous). This sensitive contribution is detailed and persuasive, though least strong on breakdown. Look at the outbreak of the Third Punic War: the Romans were disturbed by an ‘internal unilateral adjustment in status-perception’ (323). Action spoke louder than fair words.
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Liebs, Detlef. "Vier Arten von Römern unter den Franken im 6. bis 8. Jh." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Romanistische Abteilung 133, no. 1 (September 1, 2016): 459–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26498/zrgra-2016-0116.

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Abstract Four kinds of Romans in the Frankish kingdoms in the 6th to 8th centuries. Roman law texts from Merowingian Gaul make a difference between cives Romani, Latini and dediticii, all considered as Romans. This difference mattered only to slaves who had been freed. The status of Latin and dediticius was hereditary, whereas the descendants of one who had been freed as civis Romanus were free born Romans, who should be classified as a proper, a fourth kind of beeing Roman; it was the standard kind. The difference was important in civil law, procedural law and criminal law, especially in wergeld, the sum to be payed for expiation when somebody had been killed: Who had killed a Roman, had to pay different sums according to the status of the killed.
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Corke-Webster, James. "Roman History." Greece and Rome 68, no. 1 (March 5, 2021): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383520000315.

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A bumper edition this time, by way of apology for COVID-necessitated absenteeism in the autumn issue. The focus is on three pillars of social history – the economy (stupid), law, and religion. First up is Saskia Roselaar's second monograph, Italy's Economic Revolution. Roselaar sets out to trace the contribution made by economics to Italy's integration in the Roman Republic, focusing on the period after the ‘conquest’ of Italy (post 268 bce). Doing so necessitates two distinct steps: assessing, first, how economic contacts developed in this period, and second, whether and to what extent those contacts furthered the wider unification of Italy under Roman hegemony. Roselaar is influenced by New Institutional Economics (hereafter NIE), now ubiquitous in studies of the ancient economy. Her title may be an homage to Philip Kay's Rome's Economic Revolution, but the book itself is a challenge to that work, which in Roselaar's view neglects almost entirely the agency of the Italians in the period's economic transformation. For Roselaar, the Italians were as much the drivers of change as the Romans; indeed, it is this repeated conviction that unifies her chapters.
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Corke-Webster, James. "Roman History." Greece and Rome 67, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383519000287.

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Some questions never go out of fashion. My main focus in this issue is the spread of Roman power across the Mediterranean, with multiple new publications appearing on this oldest of subjects. First up is Dexter Hoyos’ Rome Victorious. This work of popular history aims to cover what Hoyos dubs in his subtitle The Irresistible Rise of the Roman Empire, though that is rather an odd choice, since Hoyos stresses that Rome's imperial efforts did not always succeed. Hoyos walks us through the unification of Italy and the acquisition of the Republican provinces in the first two chapters, taking the narrative up to the death of Caesar in 44 bc. The next two chapters consider the consequences of those conquests: what a province actually meant, how it was controlled, and the effects both on the new territories’ inhabitants and on Rome's social and political make-up. In Chapter 5, Hoyos turns to the extensive imperial efforts of Augustus and those around him; those of his successors over the next two centuries are dealt with in Chapter 6. Chapter 7 surveys the shifting make-up of the Romans as a result of their conquests, focusing on the spread of citizenship and the changing origins of senators, generals, and artists. Chapter 8 looks at legitimate and illegitimate rule in Rome's provinces, Chapter 9 considers both Rome's self-reflexivity on imperial questions and the view from those regions themselves, and Chapter 10 bolsters the latter by treating concrete resistance to Rome. Chapter 11 looks at the degree to which the provinces became Roman.
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Cleary, Simon Esmonde. "R.S.O. Tomlin, Britannia Romana: Roman Inscriptions and Roman Britain." Northern History 57, no. 2 (April 7, 2020): 334–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0078172x.2020.1744888.

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RIPAT, PAULINE. "ROMAN OMENS, ROMAN AUDIENCES, AND ROMAN HISTORY." Greece and Rome 53, no. 2 (September 27, 2006): 155–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383506000258.

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The role divination played in allocating, maintaining, and justifying the authority of the senatorial élite in the Republic has been well established. Attention has also been paid to the use made of unofficial forms of divination by ambitious members of the ruling élite in the later Republic, who sought (often successfully) to make themselves pre-eminent before their peers by claiming personal divine attention. What has received less attention in discussions of prophecy and authority is the role the general population of non-élites played in this ideological system which served the interests of the powerful rich, either collectively or individually, at the expense of the less powerful poor. The following seeks to begin to correct this oversight, as discussion of this factor is urgently needed if the observations just identified are to be considered sound. This is simply because authority, the expected reward of élite claims of divine favouritism, can be neither universally shared nor coerced. It must be willingly granted to an individual or segment of society by an authority-lacking majority. Where divination is concerned, the identification of an occurrence as a ‘real' divine message is subjective, and general concession to accept one person's (or one group's) claims about divination as true is a concession of real authority. In short, if élite claims of divine favouritism were made to impress the general population, the general population had to be impressed for the claims to be at all meaningful.
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Corke-Webster, James. "Roman History." Greece and Rome 68, no. 2 (September 8, 2021): 318–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383521000115.

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After a focus on social and cultural history in the last issue, this issue's offerings return us to more traditional subjects – political institutions, and historiography. That spring review ended with religion, which is where we start here: an apposite reminder that religion pervades all aspects of the Roman world. It is precisely that principle which undergirds our first book, Dan-el Padilla Peralta's Divine Institutions. Padilla Peralta is interested, at root, in how the Roman state became such through the third and fourth centuries bce. That is a story usually told – in a tradition going back to the ancient historians themselves – via a swashbuckling tale of successive military campaigns. Padilla Peralta, however, sets that anachronistic narrativization aside, and instead builds a careful case that between the siege of Veii and the end of the Second Punic War ‘the Roman state remade and retooled itself into a republic defined and organized around a specific brand of institutionalized ritual practices and commitments’ (1). Specifically, he shows that the construction of temples and the public activities they facilitated were a key mechanism – one as important as warfare – by which the consensus necessary to state formation was generated: the Republic more or less stumbles into a bootstrapping formula that proves to be unusually felicitous: high visibility monumental enterprises are paired with new incentives for human mobility in ways that dramatically and enduringly reorganize the rhythms of civic and communal experience. (17–18) In particular, Padilla Peralta argues that output was greater than input; that the genius – whether accidental or deliberate – of this formula was that it facilitated a confidence game whereby the res publica appeared more capable – via the apparent support of the gods whom its visible piety secured – than was in fact the case.
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Corke-Webster, James. "Roman History." Greece and Rome 69, no. 2 (September 6, 2022): 327–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383522000110.

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Another bumper edition, again by way of apology for absenteeism in the spring issue (though this time due to paternity rather than plague). We begin with the latest Beard blockbuster. In her Twelve Caesars, based on her 2011 A.W. Mellon Lectures in the Fine Arts, Mary Beard turns her trademark combination of penetrating gaze and jovial tongue to the reception of the famed group of elite first-century ce Roman men who span a key moment in the transformation of ancient politics. Belying their importance for ancient historians and archaeologists, they have been rather neglected by art historians of later periods. With an extraordinarily wide lens, spanning from Alexander the Great to the 2017 modern art of Alison Wilding, Beard corrects that omission, demonstrating their central place in the history of Western art, and exploring not just how those emperors have been represented, repackaged, and reused, but what that says about the identities, worlds, and priorities of those who so mobilized them. The result is a tour de force of art and intellectual history. Not only is the reader presented with gloriously arcane anecdotes on almost every page, but their sum amounts to a sustained inquiry into the role that past power has played, and continues to play, in our history, politics, art, and culture.
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MacMullen, Ramsay. "“Roman” History." Yale Review 90, no. 2 (June 28, 2008): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0044-0124.00613.

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Wiedemann, Thomas. "Roman History." Greece and Rome 40, no. 1 (April 1993): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001738350002266x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Roman History"

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Kretschme, Marek Thue. "Rewriting Roman history in the Middle Ages : the 'Historia Romana' and the Manuscript Bamberg, Hist. 3 /." Leiden : Brill, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb411011516.

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Clarke, Katherine Jane. "Between geography and history : Strabo's Roman world." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361861.

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Gendy, Ibrahim Abs el Aziz. "Economic aspects of houses and housing in Roman Egypt in Roman Egypt." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284513.

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Phillipo, Mark William. "Romans overseas : Roman and Italian migrant communities in the Mediterranean world." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4508.

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In this thesis, I characterise the Roman republican diaspora in the western Mediterranean, on the basis of the various activities which prompted the migration of individuals from Italy. The intention of my discussion is to examine the connection between republican imperialism and the generally obscure individuals who were the actual participants in empire. This is partly a response to Brunt's Italian Manpower, in so far as Brunt's minimalist calculation of the population of the diaspora discouraged subsequent research on the subject. To accomplish this, I have relied principally on the available literary references as the foundation of a thematic analysis of the diaspora, considering migration of those in the military or associated with it, as well as those involved in various categories of commercial activity. The settlement of former soldiers was frequently connected with the re-organisation of overseas communities by Roman generals. Commercial activity was examined with reference to a general model for trade in the late republic, which emphasises the role of agents acting on behalf of wealthier individuals in Italy. I also considered more general characteristics of the diaspora. Firstly, I have proposed a maximum population for the diaspora at the end of the republic of 170,000. Secondly, I have proposed that communities of the diaspora were organising themselves into conventus by the 70s BC. Finally, I have suggested that the social and economic networks of the diaspora can be modelled in terms of a network of bilateral connections between communities, though with particularly strong connections to Rome.
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Burks, Andrew Mason. "Roman Slavery: A Study of Roman Society and Its Dependence on slaves." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1951.

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Rome's dependence upon slaves has been well established in terms of economics and general society. This paper, however, seeks to demonstrate this dependence, during the end of the Republic and the beginning of the Empire, through detailed examples of slave use in various areas of Roman life. The areas covered include agriculture, industry, domestic life, the state, entertainment, intellectual life, military, religion, and the use of female slaves. A look at manumission demonstrates Rome's growing awareness of this dependence. Through this discussion, it becomes apparent that Roman society existed during this time as it did due to slavery. Rome depended upon slavery to function and maintain its political, social, and economic stranglehold on the Mediterranean area and beyond.
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Johnston, D. E. L. "Legal settlements and Roman society." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272537.

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Tougaw, Jason Daniel. "Strange cases : the medical case history and the British novel /." New York : Routledge, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40175709b.

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Sharp, Michael L. "The food supply in Roman Egypt." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302695.

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Stevenson, Andrew John. "Aulus Gellius and Roman antiquarian writing." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1993. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/aulus-gellius-and-roman-antiquarian-writing(dde8a7ce-728c-4dce-bbb5-736f3269872a).html.

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Lynch, Pamela. "The people of Roman Britain : a study of Romano-British burials." University of Western Australia. School of Humanities, 2010. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0101.

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This thesis utilises the evidence from mortuary archaeology to explore the identity of the inhabitants of Britain during the period of Roman rule. It assimilates burial evidence from diverse sources both published and unpublished and integrates it with other material and literary evidence to investigate the people of the province and examine aspects of their lives. By assessing the extent and reliability of the mortuary evidence and by combining this evidence from major cemeteries, smaller burial sites and individual or isolated burials it has been possible to determine aspects of their lives from a different perspective than that previously employed. The thesis has been divided into five parts. Part 1 (chapters 1 to 3) serves as an introduction. Part 2 (chapters 4 and 5) considers the evidence available while Part 3 (chapters 6 to 8) focuses on specific groups within the population. Part 4 (chapter 9) looks at instances of death and burial that differ from the norm and Part 5 (chapters 10-12) presents a picture of the daily life of these people. The study concludes with a summing up of the evidence and a look at the future of mortuary studies of Roman Britain. The introductory chapters set out the objectives of the dissertation, look at the work that has already been done in this area and evaluates the need for a synthesis of the available evidence. The scope of the project, both temporally and geographically is outlined in chapter 2. The third chapter takes a look at the contemporary written evidence available, in the form of literary and epigraphic contributions, and assesses its reliability as an indicator of the appearance and lives of the Romano-Britons. This survey looks not only at the Roman view of the natives of the province but extends beyond the Roman period to examine the literary evidence that is available from the subsequent centuries. Chapters 4 and 5 take an in-depth look at the evidence available on the people of Roman Britain. The extent of the burial evidence is reviewed in chapter 4 while chapter 5 deals specifically and in depth with how this evidence can be utilised. The skeletal evidence is assessed for its extent and reliability. Factors affecting the survival of the remains is appraised and the effects of the biases created by such differential survival considered. Grave-goods and the organisation of the cemeteries are brought into the evaluation and the strengths and weaknesses of all of the evidence evaluated. The following chapters (6 to 11) focus on discrete aspects of the population. Chapters 6 to 8 look at the representation of specific groups within the community - the young, the elderly and those who arrived from other parts of the empire. With the aim of providing an indication of the diversity of both the composition of the population, the communities they represent and the associated burial rites, chapter 9 examines some of the more distinctive burials from Britain during this period. An area of intense interest, decapitation burials provides the focal point of this chapter. What may appear to be more mundane aspects of the lives of these people occupy chapters 10 to 12. What kept them busy, their occupations and their pastimes is viewed from the perspective of the burial evidence in chapters 10 and 11, while chapter 12 examines the mortuary evidence, in the form of funerary art and the remains of clothing, hair and accessories for their appearance.
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Books on the topic "Roman History"

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Livy. Roman History. Waiheke Island: The Floating Press, 2009.

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Roman drama and Roman history. Exeter, Devon, UK: University of Exeter Press, 1998.

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Ahmed, Sami Said. History of the Romans Tarikh al-Roman. Baghdad, IRAQ: Higher Education Press, 1988.

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A history of Roman Britain. Oxford [England]: Oxford University Press, 1997.

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Paterculus, Velleius. Compendium of Roman history. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992.

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Paolucci, Henry. Lectures on Roman history. Edited by Grande Frank D. Smyrna, DE: Published for The Bagehot Council by Griffon House Publications, 2004.

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M, Renfrew Jane, and English Heritage, eds. Roman cookery: Recipes & history. Swindon: English Heritage, 2004.

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Gürsel, Nedim. Le roman du conquérant: Roman. Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 1996.

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Bulgakov, Mikhail Afanasʹevich. Театральный роман: Романы, пьесы. Moskva: ĖKSMO, 2010.

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Roman Provence: A history and guide. Oxford: Signal Books, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Roman History"

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Schultz, Celia E., and Allen M. Ward. "Roman history." In A History of the Roman People, 1–14. Seventh edition. | Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315192314-1.

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Kinneging, Andreas A. M. "Roman Traditions." In Aristocracy, Antiquity & History, 108–36. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429335976-7.

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Bartle, G. F., and Joan P. Alcock. "Roman Britain." In Handbook for History Teachers, 302–5. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032163840-32.

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Tingay, G. I. F. "Roman Britain." In Handbook for History Teachers, 535–36. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032163840-74.

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Frere, S. S. "Roman Britain." In Handbook for History Teachers, 753–54. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032163840-120.

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Black, Jeremy. "Pre-Roman and Roman Britain." In A History of the British Isles, 1–6. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24974-9_1.

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Black, Jeremy. "Pre-Roman and Roman Britain." In A History of the British Isles, 1–11. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-13125-6_1.

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Black, Jeremy. "Pre-Roman and Roman Britain." In A History of the British Isles, 1–6. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26006-5_1.

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Black, Jeremy. "Pre-Roman and Roman Britain." In A History of the British Isles, 1–10. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57363-6_1.

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Baker, Patricia. "Greco-Roman paediatrics." In Childhood in History, 77–93. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315571133-5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Roman History"

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"History of roman conferences." In 2010 RO-MAN: The 19th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/roman.2010.5598745.

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Baukova, A. Yu. "Goddess Tyche in the Coinage of the Cities of the Roman Province of Asia." In Preislamic Near East: History, Religion, Culture. A.Yu. Krymskyi Institute of Oriental Studies of the NAS of Ukraine, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/preislamic2021.02.009.

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"History of the Ro-Man conferences." In 2011 RO-MAN: The 20th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/roman.2011.6005209.

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Santos de Brito, Rose Dayanne. "ROMAN AND MODERN CONCEPT OF SLAVERY." In XVI Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/upk20.975s.

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Roman law was accused of legitimizing slavery in ancient times and individualism in modernity. This article seeks to refute these anti-historical formulations. For this, it adopts the ontological difference between Celso’s Roman conception (law as the art of the good and the just) and Kelsen’s modern one (law as a set of norms). The distinctions between the legal regime of slavery in ancient society and modernity will be analyzed from an exercise of the history of law, based on the synchronic and diachronic method. Finally, Roman law appears as an instrument of criticism in order to confront legal institutes of private bourgeois law.
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Guinot, Frederic, Panos Papanastasiou, Brenden Grove, and Arnaud Dzialoszynski. "A New Age in Well Perforating History - Evolving from Roman to Gothic?" In SPE/ISRM Rock Mechanics Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/78195-ms.

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Garbrecht, Jürgen D., and Guenther K. H. Garbrecht. "Sedimentation of Harbors and Counter-Measures in the Greek and Roman Era." In Water Resources and Environment History Sessions at Environmental and Water Reources Institute Annual Meeting 2004. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40738(140)3.

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Siviero, Enzo. "Footbridge in History." In Footbridge 2022 (Madrid): Creating Experience. Madrid, Spain: Asociación Española de Ingeniería Estructural, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24904/footbridge2022.152.

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<p>The aim of this paper is to present some historical bridges that explain the importance of these works of art in terms of culture, as part of a broader context of landscape and meaning. They are pedestrian bridges that cross through places and time, each of which expresses its own genius loci through the history and events that have involved them. The bridge, in fact, should not be considered as simply an object characterized by its own formal image, the result of consolidated construction technology; instead, it becomes part of the very context in which it stands when it embraces the meaning, history and tangible and intangible components of the place. This is why the paper will describe various footbridges that in different ways each express a strong tie with the history and the meaning of their location and the surrounding landscape. From the Pont du Gard, the ancient Roman aqueduct included on the World Heritage List, now able to be crossed at the various levels and part of a huge UNESCO-protected nature and archaeological park, to the Mediaeval bridges of the devil, the symbols and legend of the location in which they stand; or indeed the Mostar Bridge, representing the rejoining of the banks after destruction at war; the Istanbul aqueducts, offering the opportunity of requalifying the place and giving rise to new landscape offerings; or finally, the Venice Calatrava Bridge, an emblematic example of the contrast of the old and the new, expressing the conflict that can be generated by the inclusion of a new architecture into a historic context bursting with meanings.</p>
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Filip, Schneider. "Etnografický obraz Arabov v Byzancii 10. storočia." In Orientalia antiqua nova XXI. Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24132/zcu.2021.10392-97-119.

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Roman historians developed a tradition of placing ethno graphic information into their works. The “Other” was an everyday reality of the Roman state. With its expansion more nations came into its orbit and thus to the attention of its writers. Arabs were among many others whom the Romans confronted. The position of the Arabs changed rapidly since the emergence of Islam in the 7th century. From a peripheral nation they became the major superpower in the East. The Roman/Byzantine perception did change due to various factors, such as the emergence of new religion as well as military expansion of the newly founded Arab state. It was in this period when ethnographic tradition under went a major transformation. Ethnography was in decline with snippets of information throughout literary works instead of vast descriptions of the “Other” as known in antiquity. Merging the snippets, however, a more coher ent image may occur. The aim of this paper is to look on the ethnographic information about Arabs in three literary works of the 10th century Byzantium – the Taktika, De administran do imperio and History of Leo the Deacon. Arabs will be analysed under the scope of elements that affected Byzantine perception on them – religion, military, and ethnic stereotypes. With the analysis I intend not only to gain a more coherent picture about the ethnographic perception of the Arabs in Byzantium, but also the differ ence of the perception among its various social classes.
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Perera, Vittorio, and Manuela Veloso. "Learning to understand questions on the task history of a service robot." In 2017 26th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/roman.2017.8172318.

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Kanai, Honoka, and Mihoko Niitsuma. "Update of human-robot relationship based on ethologically inspired human-robot communication history." In 2016 25th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/roman.2016.7745150.

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Reports on the topic "Roman History"

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Prisacariu, Roxana. Swiss immigrants’ integration policy as inspiration for the Romanian Roma inclusion strategy. Fribourg (Switzerland): IFF, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.51363/unifr.diff.2015.05.

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Abstract:
While the knowledge on immigrants’ integration consolidated through the last 50 years, the Roma studies and the research on the Roma inclusion seems at the beginning. The purpose of this research was to assess if and to what extent the Swiss experience in immigrants’ integration may inspire an efficient approach to Roma inclusion in the Romanian society. After highlighting conceptual vagueness, resemblance and difference in the overall social status of Romanian Roma and immigrants in Switzerland and official approaches to the integration or inclusion of each, the research concludes that the Romanian policy on Roma inclusion presumably can be better anchored in the integration conceptual framework and benefit from immigrants’ integration experience. The Romanian choice for framing its Roma policy as ‘inclusion’ rather than for ‘integration’ may be appropriate as it applies to a historic minority of citizens needing social justice. The use of an immigration integration policy as model for a Roma inclusion strategy is limited due to the stronger legit-imation of historic minorities for shared-ownership of public decision-making. That is the Swiss example of immigrants’ integration could only serve Romania as a minimum standard for its Roma inclusion strategy. It can benefit from the Swiss experience on immigrant's integration policy in terms of conception, coordination, monitoring and transparency may be beneficial, while the Roma political participation may find inspiration from the Swiss linguistic communities’ participatory mechanisms. The on-going reciprocal learning process connecting academia and public authorities able to transform science into action and experience in knowledge may inspire the Romanian authorities.
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Sedimentology, mineralogy, palynology, and depositional history of some uppermost Cretaceous and lowermost Tertiary rocks along the Utah Book and Roan cliffs east of the Green River. US Geological Survey, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/b1787n.

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