Dissertations / Theses: 'Roma activism'

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SCRIMIERI, FEDERICA. "Vivere con i leader. Etnografia dell'attivismo rom in Albania: famiglie e debito." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/365779.

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Il focus di questa ricerca è il contesto dell’attivismo rom in Albania, l’assetto familiare che lo contraddistingue e il sistema del mercato dell’aiuto allo sviluppo in cui è inserito. Nella prima parte è ripercorsa la storia della comunità rom nell’area balcanica e in Albania, dalle prime attestazioni in epoca ottomana fino al trentennio socialista in epoca contemporanea. Nella seconda parte la storia della comunità rom in Albania è intrecciata con il resoconto della nascita del movimento rom per la società civile suddiviso in tre fasi storiche caratterizzate da tre diverse generazioni di leader e di protagonisti. Il movimento sarà analizzato delineando le tematiche emerse, soprattutto la sovrapposizione tra i “legami associativi” e i “legami familiari” e l’ indebitamento delle organizzazioni causato dal “sistema dei rimborsi” che regola il funzionamento della progettazione e dunque l’accesso alle risorse economiche.
The focus of this research is the context of Roma activism in Albania, the family structure that distinguishes it and the system of the development aid market in which it is embedded. In the first part, the history of the Roma community in the Balkans and in Albania is traced, from the earliest occurrences in the Ottoman era to the 30-year socialist period in contemporary times. In the second part, the history of the Roma community in Albania is intertwined with an account of the new born Roma movement for civil society divided into three historical phases characterised by three different generations of leaders and protagonists. The movement will be analysed by outlining the issues that emerged, especially the overlap between "associative ties" and " kinship ties" and the indebtedness of the organisations caused by the "reimbursement system" that regulates the functioning of the cycle project management and therefore access to economic resources.

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Darwall-Smith, Robin Haydon. "Aspects of imperial building activity in Rome in 69-96." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316803.

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Walters, Jonathan. "Ancient Roman concepts of manhood and their relation with other markers of social status." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272542.

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Marija, Lesjak. "Biopotencijal i hemijska karakterizacija ekstrakata i etarskih ulja vrsta roda Juniperus L. (Cupressaceae)." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/NS20111123LESJAK.

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Karakterizacija metanolnih ekstrakata i etarskih ulja iglica i šišarki osam vrsta samoniklih kleka (rod Juniperus L.) obuhvatala je fitohemijski skrining i ispitivanje antioksidantne, antiinflamatorne i antimikrobne aktivnosti. Primenom LC-MS/MS i GC-MS tehnike detektovan i odreĎen je sadržaj fenolnih i terpenoidnih sekundarnih biomolekula. Antioksidantna aktivnost ekstrakata i etarskih ulja (sposobnost neutralizacije slobodnih radikala, redukcioni potencijal i inhibicija lipidne peroksidacije) ispitana je primenom spektrofotometrijskih metoda. U cilju odreĎivanja antiinflamatornog potencijala, primenjena je ex vivo metoda za praćenje aktivnosti trombocitne ciklooksigenaze-1 i 12-lipoksigenaze. Antimikrobna aktivnost etarskih ulja odreĎena je na šest odabranih bakterijskih sojeva. Ispitani ekstrakti i etarska ulja pokazali su značajnu biološku aktivnost.
Characterization of methanol extracts and essential oils of eight Juniperus L. species included phytochemical screening and evaluation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity. The presence and content of phenolics and terpenoids was confirmed by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS technique. Antioxidant activity of extracts and essential oils (radical scavenger capacity, reduction potential and inhibition of lipid peroxidation) was examined by spectrophotometric methods. With the intention to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity, an ex vivo method was applied to measure activity of platelet cyclooxygenase-1 and 12-lipoxygenase. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated according to six bacterial strains. Examined extracts and essential oils showed noticeable biological activity.

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Mundubeltz, Gilles. "Les séditions dans les armées romaines de 218 av. J. -C. à l'an 14 de notre ère." Bordeaux 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR30021.

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Les cinq premières parties, chronologiques, sont consacrées à une étude critique des textes anciens mentionnant des séditions militaires et à l'élaboration d'un catalogue. Celui-ci permet de constater que sur les 69 épisodes retenus, l'écrasante majorité intervient au cours des guerres civiles, qui ne couvrent pourtant que 15 % de toute la période étudiée, et ce même si l'on ne tient pas compte du phénomène particulier des débauchages de troupes. La sixième partie est un essai de synthèse qui étudie plus particulièrement les doléances et les revendications des soldats, ainsi que leurs rapports avec les autorités. Elle permet de mettre en lumière certains phénomènes caractéristiques. La conscription a provoqué des résistances tout au long de la période étudiée, le service militaire étant en général très impopulaire. Avant l'ère des guerres civiles, les séditions furent cependant rarissimes, et les seules préoccupations véritablement communes aux milites paraissent avoir été liées a la question de la longueur du service et à l'acquisition du butin. Leurs successeurs du Ier siècle bénéficièrent de moyens de pression importants sur leurs généraux et d'un relâchement de la discipline, ce qui leur permit d'obtenir l'octroi de primes en argent et, à partir de 47, de distributions de terres. Ces revendications émanaient le plus souvent des vétérans qui approchaient du terme du service et qui désiraient monnayer au prix fort leur rengagement volontaire. Il ne s'agissait pas de défendre des intérêts corporatistes mais d'obtenir des avantages strictement personnels. On ne peut parler de politisation des armées que dans la mesure où les milites appuyèrent les chefs qui paraissaient les plus aptes à défendre ces intérêts. Auguste fut le véritable créateur de l'armée professionnelle, en réformant les conditions du service militaire qui étaient devenues nettement moins attrayantes. A sa mort, le mécontentement était grand et il éclata de manière brutale. Les soldats présentèrent un programme précis, qui portait essentiellement sur la réduction de la durée du service et l'augmentation de la solde. Ils n'obtinrent finalement que le renvoi des vétérans les plus âgés.

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Mekonnen, Degsew Zerihun. "Non-Pollen Palynomorphs from the Tiber delta area as indicators of past human activity." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/29194.

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Abstract: This research paper on Non-Pollen Palynomorph was conducted in Tiber delta (Rome, central Italy). Specifically, sediments from Lingua d'Oca-Interporto (LOI) near Fiumicino airport. By using palynological approach of Non-Pollen Palynomorph the relationship between humans' cultural behavior with the surrounding environment were studied. Thus, the main objectives of the research were to reconstruct the livestock activity of the area by focusing coprophilous fungi and also to evaluate the importance of NPP in the understanding of paleoenvironmental reconstruction. In order to have adequate coverage of the lithological phases and to have good coverage of the environments identified by the pollen record, 25 samples were selected for NPPs analysis ca. 10 cm interval along the whole sedimentary sequence. As a result, the sequence from Stagno di Maccarese reveals a total of 1563 Non-Pollen Palynomorphs. A total of 58 taxonomical groups were recognized with the highest number represented by fungal spores, plant fragments, spores of algae and animal remains. Cercophora sp., cf. Endophragmiella, Coniochaeta cf. ligniaria and cf. round charcoal is the most frequent palynomorph in the samples. According to the research, the findings of the study provide new insights to reveal the subsistence selection of prehistoric humans and the history of livestock habitation in the surrounding archaeological sites. In conclusion, the identified NPPs shows the continual presence of animals in the past landscapes, supporting the evidence of pastures and livestock activities in the region. It also recorded the presence and the effect of humans on the landscape of the region with other natural factors.

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Morzelle, Maressa Caldeira. "Resíduos de romã (Punica granatum) na prevenção da doença de Alzheimer." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11141/tde-21022013-104731/.

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Os inibidores da enzima acetilcolinesterase constituem o principal tratamento da doença de Alzheimer e fontes de substâncias naturais com potencial anticolinesterásico vêm sendo amplamente estudadas. Dentre os frutos com benefícios para a saúde, a romã é evidenciada como excelente fonte de compostos antioxidantes, sendo que maior parte dos compostos se concentram em sua casca. Com base nisso, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi buscar novas substâncias naturais com potencial anticolinesterásico, através da avaliação de extratos de casca de romã. Quatro extratos com diferentes concentrações de etanol foram analisados quanto à atividade antioxidante, quantidade de compostos fenólicos, taninos e atividade anticolinesterásica. Do presente estudo foi constatado que a casca da romã apresentou elevada capacidade antioxidante, independente da concentração do solvente de extração empregado. O extrato formulado com 80% de etanol se destacou perante os demais pelo seu poder de inibição da acetilcolinesterase. Houve correlação negativa entre a atividade anticolinesterásica e a atividade antioxidante dos extratos. A atomização do extrato não acarretou mudanças em sua atividade anticolinesterásica e nem na sua capacidade antioxidante. Da mesma forma, a adição das micropartículas a um suco elaborado a partir de um preparado em pó não modificou suas características sensoriais. Diante do exposto, a elaboração de micropartículas de extrato de casca de romã constitui alternativa viável para a incorporação em diversos produtos, com a finalidade de prevenir ou reduzir risco da doença de Alzheimer.
The acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are the primary treatment of Alzheimer\'s disease and sources of natural substances with potential anticholinesterase have been widely studied. Among the fruits with health benefits, the pomegranate is evidenced as an excellent source of antioxidant compounds, and most compounds are concentrated in its peel. Based on this, the objective of this research was to find new substances with potential anticholinesterase, through the evaluation of pomegranate peel extracts. Four extracts with different concentrations of ethanol were analyzed for their antioxidant activity, amount of phenolic compounds, tannins and anticholinesterase activity. From this study it was found that pomegranate peel showed high antioxidant capacity, independent of the concentration of the solvent extraction employed. The extract formulated with 80% ethanol in relation to other stood out by his power of acetylcholinesterase inhibition. There was a negative correlation between acetylcholinesterase activity and antioxidant activity of the extracts. Microencapsulation of extract did not cause changes in their anticholinesterase activity and antioxidant capacity. The same way, the addition of microcapsules to a powder preparation for refreshment not changed their sensory characteristics. Given the above, the preparation of microcapsules of pomegranate peel extract is a viable alternative for incorporation into various products, in order to prevent or reduce risk of Alzheimer\'s disease.

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Ivana, Beara (Krstić). "Fitohemijski skrining i procena antioksidantnog i antiinflamatornog potencijala sekundarnih biomolekula u vrstama roda Plantago L." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2010. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=81921&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Karakterizacija metanolnih ekstrakata jedanaest vrsta samoniklih bokvica (rod Plantago L.) obuhvatala je fitohemijski skrining i ispitivanje antioksidantne i antiinflamatorne aktivnosti. Primenom LC-MS/MS tehnike odreĊen je sadržaj odabranih sekundarnih biomolekula. Antioksidantna aktivnosti ekstrakata (sposobnost neutralizacije slobodnih radikala, redukcioni potencijal i inhibicija lipidne peroksidacije) ispitana je primenom spektrofotometrijskih metoda. U cilju odreĊivanja antiinflamatornog potencijala, razvijena je in vitro metoda za praćenje aktivnosti trombocitne ciklooksigenaze-1 i 12-lipoksigenaze. Svi ispitani ekstrakti pokazali su znaĉajnu biološku aktivnost.
Characterization of methanol extracts of eleven Plantago L. species included phytochemical screening and evaluation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The content of several secondary metabolites was determined by LC-MS/MS technique. Antioxidant activity of extracts (radical scavenger capacity, reduction potential and inhibition of lipid peroxidation) was examined by spectrophotometric methods. With the intention to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity, an in vitro method was developed to measure activity of platelet cyclooxygenase-1 and 12-lipoxygenase. All examined extracts showed noticeable biological activity.

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Ukrainska, Anna, and Анна Українська. "Plants of Rosa and Crataegus genera and their associated fungi as biotechnological objects." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/50796.

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1. Khazaei M., Khazaei M.R., Pazhouhi M. An overview of therapeutic potentials of Rosa canina: a traditionally valuable herb. WCRJ. 2020. V. 7. P. e1580. 2. Nazhand A. et al. Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.): An updated overview on its beneficial properties. Forests. 2020. V. 11, №. 5. P. 564. 3. База патентів України. URL: https://uapatents.com (20.03.2021) 4. Андрианова Т.В. Септориевые грибы – патогены розоцветных. Современная микология в России: материалы 2-го съезда микологов России (Москва, 16-18 апреля 2008 г.). М.: Национальная академия микологии, 2008. Т. 2. С. 159. 5. Определитель паразитных грибов на плодах и семенах культурных растений / под ред. А. Я. Семенова, Л.П. Абрамовой, М.К. Хохрякова. Л.: Колос. 1980. 302 с. 6. Rashmi M., Kushveer J.S., Sarma V.V. A worldwide list of endophytic fungi with notes on ecology and diversity. Mycosphere. 2019. V. 10, №. 1. P. 798-1079. 7. Hussain H. et al. Antimicrobial constituents from three endophytic fungi. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine. 2014. V. 7. P. S224-S227.
The search of natural resources of medicinal substances and a new drug discovery are actual nowadays. Data analysis and preliminary study of Rosaceae plant species and their associated fungi revealed that they could be a potent raw stuff of biopharmaceuticals. Plants of Rosa and Crataegus and their fungi were selected for more detailed review due to numerous bioactive compounds valuable for human health. Metabolic formation of important for life chemicals, like vitamin C, phenols and carotenoids, are reported for Rosa genus representatives. While plants of Crataegus genus serve as the producers of polyphenols, terpenoids, lignans, steroids and organic acids. Being rich in phytoconstituents that provide a wide spectrum of therapeutic activity these plants are frequently used as biotechnological material in pharmaceutical industry.
Пошуки природних ресурсів лікарських речовин та нові відкриття ліків є актуальними в наш час. Аналіз даних та попереднє вивчення видів рослин Rosaceae та асоційованих з ними грибів показало, що вони можуть бути сильнодіючою сировиною біофармацевтичних препаратів. Рослини Рози та Кратаегусів та їх гриби були відібрані для більш детального огляду завдяки численним біоактивним сполукам, цінним для здоров'я людини. Повідомляється про метаболічні утворення важливих для життя хімічних речовин, таких як вітамін С, феноли та каротиноїди, для представників роду Rosa. Тоді як рослини роду Crataegus служать продуцентами поліфенолів, терпеноїдів, лігнанів, стероїдів та органічних кислот. Будучи багатими фітоконститунтами, що забезпечують широкий спектр терапевтичної активності, ці рослини часто використовуються як біотехнологічний матеріал у фармацевтичній промисловості.

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Ahmed, Mftah. "Rural settlement and economic activity : olive oil and Amphorae production on the Tarhuna Plateau during the Roman period." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/8752.

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This thesis examines the rural settlement, landscape and two rural economic activities: olive oil and amphorae production on the Tarhuna plateau of Tripolitania. This was gendered from the Late Neo-Punic through the Roman period. Tripolitania is considered one of the main olive oil production regions during the Roman imperial era. Previous studies have tended to stress that presses of the Gebel Tarhuna were totally used for olive oil production, but the new evidence identified by the Tarhuna Archaeological Survey (TAS) has addressed that the wine was also produced to some extent in this area during the Roman period. The study has shown that there was a close relationship between olive oil and wine production and amphorae production by identifying new 14 amphora kiln sites with a quite large number of amphora stamps. These stamps reveal that these amphora workshops mostly located within estates belong to the urban elite. The dissertation is divided into six chapters. The first half of the thesis is dealing with the geographic and literary background, the TAS and the ancient rural settlement on the Tarhuna plateau. After this, chapters are devoted to examine pressing facilities and the press element typology. This examination led me to estimate the capacity production of about 200 presses recorded in the Wadis Turgut and Doga with their close relationship to amphora production sites. Finally, some evaluation points are made with attention paid to the importance of future work as a key factor for improvement the knowledge about rural economic and settlement in this hinterland region of Tripolitania.

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Zorica, Mrkonjić. "Fitohemijska karakterizacija i biohemijska ispitivanja plodova vrsta roda Sorbus L. 1753 (Rosaceae, Maloideae) kao izvora prirodnih nutraceutika." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2017. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=104909&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Cilj ove doktorske disertacije predstavljao je ispitivanje fitohemijskog sastava i biološke aktivnosti vodenih i metanolnih ekstrakata svežih i suvih plodova, kao i pekmeza pripremljenog po tradicionalnoj recepturi od plodova četiri (od kojih se jedna javlja u dve forme) samonike vrsta roda Sorbus L.: S. aucuparia, S. domestica, S. torminalis f. torminalis, S. torminalis f. semitorminalis i S. intermedia Ispitivanje fitohemijskog sastava obuhvatalo je LC-MS/MS analizu 44 odabrana fenolna jedinjenja i hinske kiseline (organska kiselina). Takođe, spektrofotometrijski je određen sadržaj ukupnih fenolnih i flavonoidnih jedinjenja, kao i sadržaj askorbinske kiseline. Evaluacija biološke aktivnosti obuhvatala je in vitro ispitivanja antioksidantne aktivnosti, kao i ispitivanje uticaja ekstrakata odabranih vrsta roda Sorbus na aktivnost enzima acetilholinesteraze, antimikrobni, kao i antiproliferativni potencijal. Sumiranjem dobijenih rezultata može se zaključiti da sveži i suvi plodovi ispitivanih vrsta Sorbus, kao i pekmezi predstavljaju umeren izvor fenolnih jedinjenja. Kao najzastupljenije fenolne kiseline izdvojile su se protokatehinska i ferulna, a među flavonoidima amentoflavon i kvercetin-3-O-glukozid. Pored toga, hinska kiselina je zabeležena u značajnoj količini u svim analiziranim ekstraktima. Ekstrakti ispitivanih vrsta pokazali su umeren antioksidantni potencijal koji se ogleda u njihovoj sposobnosti neutralizacije nekoliko radikalskih vrsta, redukcionom potencijalu i sposobnosti inhibicije lipidne peroksidacije. Ispitivanjem uticaja ekstrakata odabranih vrsta Sorbus naaktivnost enzima acetilholinesteraze dokazana je jedino umerena aktivnost ekstrakata vrste S. aucuparia. Takođe, ispitivani ekstrakti vrsta roda Sorbus ispoljili su umerenu antimikrobnu aktivnost u pogledu inhibicije rasta Gram pozitivne bakterije, Staphylococcus aureus, i Gram negativne bakterije, Escherichia coli. Vodeni i metanolni ekstrakti svežih i suvih plodova vrste S. aucuparia pokazali su umeren i inhibitorni potencijal prema rastu tumorskih (HeLa, MCF7, HT-29), ali i netumorskih ćelijskih linija (MRC-5). Rezultati dobijeni u ovoj doktorskoj distertaciji ukazuju na značajan biopotencijal plodova i pekmeza ispitivanih vrsta Sorbus i ukazuju na njihovu primenu u prehrambenoj industriji u vidu funkcionalne hrane.
The aim of presented PhD thesis was investigation of phytochemical composition and biological activity of water and methanol extracts of fresh and air-dried fruits, as well as jam, made according to traditional recipe, of fruits of four (one of them occurs in two forms) wild growing Sorbus L. species: S. aucuparia, S. domestica, S. torminalis f. torminalis, S. torminalis f. semitorminalis and S. intermedia. Examination of phytochemical composition included LC-MS/MS analysis of 44 selected phenolic compounds and quinic acid (organic acid). Also, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as ascorbic acid content, were determined spectrophotometrically. Biological activity evaluation of extracts of Sorbus species included in vitro investigation of antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity. According to obtained results, fresh and air-dried fruits, as well as jam present moderate source of phenolic compounds. Amongs examined phenolic acids protocatechuic and ferulic acids were the most abundant, and amongs investigated flavonoids amentoflavone and quercetin-3-O-glucoside wete present in noticeable amount. Furthermore, high concentration of quinic acid was present in all examined extracts. Extracts of all examined species showed moderate antioxidant activity in terms of radical scavenging ability, reduction potential and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Also, investigation of anti-acetylcholinesterase activity revealed moderate activity only of extracts of S. aucuparia. Furthermore, examinated extracts of Sorbus species showedmoderate antimicrobial activity against Gram–positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli. In addition, water and methanol extracts of fresh and air-dried fruits of S.aucuparia showed inhibitory activity toward tumor (HeLa, MCF7, HT-29), and also non-tumor (MRC-5) cell lines. Presented results indicate significant biopotential of examined fruits of Sorbus species and support their use in food industry as functional food.

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Viera, Vanessa Bordin. "Compostos bioativos, atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana na casca de cebola roxa (Allium cepa L.) submetidos a diferentes métodos de extração." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3415.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
This study evaluated the use of different methods (focused microwave, ultrasound and conventional agitation) and varying parameters (concentration of solvent, time, temperature, power and pulse) in the extraction of bioactive compounds from red onion skin to obtain an extract with a high content of phenolic compounds, as well as high antioxidant capacity and antibacterial and antifungal activity. The total phenolic content, total flavonoids, anthocyanins, antibacterial capacity and antifungal activity, as well as the in vitro antioxidant capacity, of the extracts were determined by four different methods. The extracts obtained by conventional extraction using agitation had a higher content of total phenolics, flavonoids and total anthocyanins when they were extracted using a higher solvent concentration (80%). With regard to time, it was found that the lowest extraction time of (30 minutes) favored the extraction of compounds with higher antioxidant activity by the DPPH methods and low IC50, and the longest time of (240 minutes) obtained extracts with the highest antioxidant activities using the β-carotene and ABTS methods. The results for focused microwave extraction generally indicated that the highest solvent concentrations (60 to 80%) were more effective in extracting bioactive compounds and, consequently, to obtain extracts with higher antioxidant capacity. Regarding the extraction temperature, it was found that the extracts with highest content of flavonoids and phenolic compounds were obtained at 70 °C. However, the content of total anthocyanins and the DPPH and FRAP methods antioxidant activity of the extracts were not influenced by the extraction temperature. The use of ultrasound to extract bioactive compounds from red onion skin indicated that the extraction of total flavonoids, total anthocyanins and antioxidant activity (FRAP and β-carotene) were efficient at 130 W, with pulsed mode and 60% solvent concentration. The DPPH methods antioxidant activity was only successful at 60% solvent concentration, and the ABTS methods values were highest with 80% solvent, pulsed mode and 130 W power. For the highest inhibiting power of 50% of the DPPH radical (IC50), the best conditions were 130 W, pulsed mode and 40% solvent. The extracts that were obtained through different extraction methods showed no antifungal or antibacterial activity in relation to the different tested microorganisms. However, it can be inferred that red onion skin is a good source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant action and that it can be used as a potential ingredient in the preparation of food products to inhibit lipid oxidation, as well as contributing to reducing agro-industrial waste.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o emprego de diferentes métodos (micro-ondas focalizada, ultrassom e convencional por agitação) variando parâmetros como concentração de solvente, tempo, temperatura, potência e pulsos na extração de compostos bioativos da casca de cebola roxa a fim de obter um extrato com alto teor de fenólicos totais, elevada capacidade antioxidante, atividade antibacteriana e antifúngica. Foi determinado o teor de fenólicos totais, flavonoides totais e antocianinas totais dos extratos obtidos, além da capacidade antioxidante in vitro por quatro métodos distintos e atividade antibacteriana. Os extratos obtidos através da extração convencional por agitação apresentaram maior teor de fenólicos totais, flavonoides e antocianinas totais quando extraídos com concentração maior do solvente (80%). Com relação ao tempo, verificou-se que o menor tempo de extração, (30 minutos) favoreceu a extração de compostos com maior atividade antioxidante pelo método DPPH e menor concentração inibinitória (IC50) e com o maior tempo (240 minutos) obteve-se extratos com maiores atividades antioxidantes pelo método β-caroteno e ABTS. Os resultados encontrados para a extração através das micro-ondas focalizadas, de modo geral, indicaram que as maiores concentrações de solvente (60 e 80%) foram mais eficazes na extração de compostos bioativos e consequentemente para obtenção de extratos com maior capacidade antioxidante. Em relação à temperatura de extração, verificou-se que os extratos com maiores teores de compostos fenólicos totais e flavonoides foram obtidos a 70°C. No entanto, o teor de antocianinas totais, atividades antioxidante pelos métodos DPPH e FRAP dos extratos não foram influenciadas pela temperatura de extração. A utilização do ultrassom na extração de compostos bioativos da casca de cebola roxa apontou que a extração de flavonoides totais, antocianinas totais, atividade antioxidante (FRAP e β-caroteno) foram eficientes em potência 130 W, modo pulsado e solvente 60%. A atividade antioxidante pelo método DPPH sofreu influência somente do solvente 60% e os valores pelo método ABTS foram maiores com solvente 80%, modo pulsado e 130 W. Para maior poder de inibição de 50% do radical DPPH (IC50) as condições necessárias são 130 W, modo pulsado e 40% de solvente. Os extratos obtidos através das diferentes metodologias de extração não apresentaram atividade antibacteriana para os diferentes micro-organismos testados. Contudo, pode-se inferir que a casca de cebola roxa é boa fonte de compostos bioativos com ação antioxidante, podendo ser ingrediente em potencial na elaboração de produtos alimentícios inibindo a oxidação lipídica, além de contribuir na redução de resíduos agro-industriais.

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FARIAS, Emanuel Tarcisio do Rêgo. "Compostos bioativos e capacidade antioxidante em frutos de araçá, noni e romã." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2014. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/835.

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O consumo de frutas in natura é crescente em todo o mundo devido a fatores que levam a modificações nos hábitos alimentares das pessoas, como o cuidado com a saúde e os aspectos nutritivos dos alimentos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade, quantificar os compostos bioativos e a capacidade antioxidante dos frutos: araçá, noni e romã. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Tecnologia de Produtos de Origem Vegetal do CCTA/UFCG, no Campus de Pombal - PB. Frutos do araçazeiro, do noni e da romãzeira foram provenientes de plantios localizados em cidades distintas (Areia-PB, Fortaleza-CE e Sousa-PB, respectivamente). Os frutos foram colhidos diretamente na copa da planta, tomando-se como índice de colheita a coloração do fruto. Foram avaliados quatro e cinco estádios de maturação para os frutos de araçá e noni, respectivamente. Foram realizadas avaliações físicas, físico-químicas, compostos bioativos e capacidade antioxidante nos frutos. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância, detectando efeito significativo para o teste F, às médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. As características físico-químicas de sólidos solúveis, açúcares solúveis totais, açúcares redutores e relação SS/AT, aumentaram com o avanço da maturação para os três frutos estudados. Para os compostos bioativos: o teor de ácido ascórbico dos frutos de noni apresentou um aumento considerável com o avanço da maturação; o teor de antocianinas da romã aumentou com a maturação, assim como os compostos fenólicos do araçá apresentou valores máximos para o estádio I e teve uma redução de mais de 50% no estádio IV, os frutos de noni e romã também apresentaram valores representativos para os compostos fenólicos. Os frutos estudados apresentaram propriedade antioxidante, entretanto a ação foi diferenciada entre eles, o araçá apresentou a maior capacidade de reduzir o radical DPPH e teve sua capacidade reduzida com o avanço da maturação, o noni apresentou efeito contrário aumentando o poder redutor com o desenvolvimento dos frutos e a romã não apresentou variação entre os estádios de maturação. Concluindo que os frutos avaliados apresentaram quantidades consideráveis de compostos biologicamente ativos, podendo constituir como uma boa fonte de antioxidantes naturais para a dieta humana.
The consumption of fresh fruits is increasing worldwide due to factors that lead to changes in eating habits of people, such as health care and nutritional aspects of food. This study aimed to evaluate the quality, quantify the bioactive compounds and the antioxidant capacity of fruits: guava, noni and pomegranate. The work was developed in the Laboratory of Technology of Plant Products of CCTA / UFCG, Campus de Pombal - PB. Fruits of strawberry guava, noni and pomegranate were from plantations located in different cities (Areia-PB, Fortaleza-CE and Sousa-PB, respectively). The fruits were harvested directly in the crown of the plant, taking as harvest index coloring of the fruit. Four five maturity stages were evaluated for the fruits of guava and noni, respectively. Physical assessments, physicochemical, bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity in fruits were performed. The experimental design was completely randomized. The results were subjected to analysis of variance, detecting significant for the F test, the average effect were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The physico-chemical characteristics of soluble solids, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars and SS / TA ratio increased with advancing maturity for the three studied fruits. For bioactive compounds: the ascorbic acid content of the fruits of noni showed a significant increase with advancing maturity; the anthocyanin content of pomegranate increased with maturation, as well as phenolic compounds of guava showed maximum values for stage I and decreased by more than 50% in stage IV, the fruits of noni and pomegranate also had representative values for phenolic compounds. The fruits studied exhibited antioxidant property however the action was different between them, guava showed the greatest ability to reduce DPPH radical and had reduced capacity with advancing maturity, noni showed opposite effect by increasing the reducing power with the development of pomegranate fruit and did not vary between the maturity stages. Concluding that the fruits evaluated showers considerables amounts of biologically active compounds may be a good source of natural antioxidants for the human diet.

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Deuner, Cristiane. "Extrato aquoso de folhas de alface roxa: indução de tolerância ao estresse salino em alface." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2017. http://guaiaca.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/4057.

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O estresse salino afeta negativamente a manifestação do potencial fisiológico pela germinação, vigor das sementes e redução no desenvolvimento das plântulas. Além disso, a salinidade pode comprometer a divisão celular, inibindo o índice mitótico e causando anormalidades cromossômicas, bem como aumentar a produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio. As plantas, por sua vez, podem reagir a esse estresse com ajustes morfológicos, bioquímicos, fisiológicos, celular e molecular, sendo que determinados ajustes podem ser induzidos por uma ampla variedade de metabólitos secundários produzidos para a defesa natural da planta. Substâncias como o β-caroteno, as vitaminas C e E e os compostos fenólicos estão relacionados à capacidade antioxidante de inúmeros vegetais e auxiliam a diminuir os efeitos causados pela salinidade. Nesse âmbito, extratos de plantas têm sido estudados, visto que o mecanismo de ação dos antioxidantes, presentes em extratos vegetais, possui um importante papel na redução da oxidação lipídica em tecidos vegetal e animal, sob condições de estresse. A alface é a hortaliça folhosa mais importante no Brasil e além de vitaminas e sais minerais, possui carotenoides e alto teor de compostos fenólicos. As variedades roxas possuem ainda, grande quantidade de antocianinas, o que lhes confere maior atividade antioxidante. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o efeito do extrato de folhas de alface roxa sobre a qualidade fisiológica, atividade citogenética e antioxidante durante a germinação de sementes e crescimento inicial de plântulas de alface, submetidas a diferentes concentrações salinas, buscando elucidar possíveis mecanismos de tolerância que poderão servir de base para estudos futuros com outras culturas. Foram realizados experimentos em laboratório e casa de vegetação, onde plântulas de alface, cultivar Regina, foram submetidas, durante os estádios iniciais de desenvolvimento à diferentes concentrações de extrato de folhas de alface roxa combinado ou não a soluções salinas, sendo avaliados parâmetros relacionados à germinação, produção de biomassa, divisão celular e atividade antioxidante. O uso de extrato de folhas de alface roxa proporciona incrementos na germinação das sementes, auxilia o desenvolvimento inicial das plântulas, bem como diminui o estresse oxidativo causado pelo sal, justificado pelo aumento no índice de clorofila e de nitrogênio e pela menor concentração de sódio nas folhas. O extrato de alface roxa não afeta o índice mitótico, diminui o índice de células em prófase e aumenta a incidência das células em telófase de raízes de alface. O estresse salino afeta negativamente o desenvolvimento das plântulas de alface.
Salt stress negatively affects the manifestation of physiological potential for germination, seed vigor and reduced seedling development. Moreover, the salinity can affect cell division by inhibiting the mitotic index and causing chromosomal abnormalities, as well as increase the production of reactive oxygen species. Plants, in turn, can react to this stress with morphological adjustments, biochemical, physiologic, cellular and molecular, and some of these adjustments can be induced by a wide variety of secondary metabolites that is produced for the plant's natural defense. Substances such as β-carotene, vitamins C and E and phenolic compounds are related to the antioxidant capacity of various vegetables and help to reduce the effects caused by salinity. In this scope, plant extracts have been studied, since the mechanism of action of antioxidants present in plant extracts, it has an important role in reducing lipid oxidation in plant and animal tissues, under stress conditions. Lettuce is the hardwoods vegetable more important in Brazil, beyond of vitamins and minerals, has carotenoids and a high content of phenolic compounds. Purple varieties have also a lot of anthocyanins, which gives them greater antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of purple lettuce leaf extract on the physiological quality, cytogenetics and antioxidant activity during germination and initial growth of lettuce seedlings, under different salt concentrations, to elucidate possible mechanisms of tolerance which may serve as a basis for future studies with other cultures. Experiments were performed in the laboratory and greenhouse, where lettuce seedlings, cultivar Regina, were submitted during the initial stages of development, a different concentrations of purple lettuce leaf extract combined or not with salt solutions, being evaluated parameters related to germination, biomass production, cell division and antioxidant activity. The use of purple lettuce extract provides increases in seed germination, assists the early development of seedlings, as well as decreases the oxidative stress caused by the salt, justified by the increase in the chlorophyll and nitrogen index and by the lower concentration of sodium in the leaves. The purple lettuce extract does not affect the mitotic index, reduces the cell index in prophase and increases the incidence of cells in telophase of lettuce roots. Salt stress negatively affects the development of lettuce seedlings.

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Jardini, Fernanda Archilla. "Avaliação da atividade antioxidante da romã (Punica granatum, L.) - participação das frações de ácidos fenólicos no processo de inibição da oxidação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9131/tde-30062008-163119/.

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Os antioxidantes de origem natural têm importância na área de alimentos, pois podem representar uma alternativa de substituição aos antioxidantes sintéticos. Os compostos fenólicos, presentes nos vegetais, desempenham importância na inibição da oxidação, A romã (Punica granatum, L.) é rica em compostos fenólicos como as antocianinas, flavonóides e ácidos fenólicos. Avaliou-se a atividade antioxidante da polpa e semente de romãs plantadas no Brasil (Pernambuco), e foi feita a obtenção dos extratos e frações de ácidos fenólicos da fruta, que foram submetidos aos testes de co-oxidação de substratos β- caroteno e ácido linoléico, em meio emulsionado, e ao método Rancimat, em meio lipídico. Também foi avaliado o comportamento cinético da atividade antioxidante para os extratos e frações de ácidos fenólicos. Verificou-se que os extratos aquosos da polpa e semente apresentaram significativa inibição da oxidação a concentrações baixas, em ambos os testes utilizados, fato atribuído à grande quantidade de compostos fenólicos presentes nestes extratos, em relação aos demais. A avaliação cinética dos extratos aquosos demonstrou que estes também foram mais eficientes ao longo do processo oxidativo, apresentando-se mais estáveis do que o antioxidante sintético BHT. As frações de ácidos fenólicos esterificados a compostos solúveis da polpa foi a fração que apresentou maior inibição da oxidação, e também maior quantidade de compostos fenólicos, apresentando uma atividade cinética bastante eficiente. Entretanto, as frações de ácidos fenólicos livres da polpa e semente apresentaram porcentagens de inibição da oxidação bastante altas a uma concentração menor. A semente da romã apresenta em sua composição de ácidos graxos o ácido graxo punícico. Este ácido é um isômero conjugado do ácido linolênico, e que constitui 58% da composição total de ácidos graxos da semente da fruta, sendo seu principal ácido graxo.
The antioxidants of natural origin have an important role on food science, because they may substitute the synthetic antioxidants. The phenolic compounds of vegetables play an important role as oxidation inhibitors. The pomegranate (Punica granatum, L.) is rich in phenolic compounds as anthocianins, flavonoids and phenolic acids. The antioxidant activity of extracts and acid phenolic fractions obtained from the pulp and seeds of brazilian pomegranate (from Pernambuco) was evaluated, by the co-oxidation of β-carotene and linoleic acid assay and the Rancimat method. The kinetic behavior of the antioxidant activity of the extracts and acid phenolic fractions by the co-oxidation of β-carotene and linoleic acid test was evaluated, too. It was noted that the aquous extracts from the pulp and seeds have significant antioxidant activity at slow concentration. It was possible by the high content of phenolic compounds present on those extracts. The kinetic behavior showed that the aquous extracts was the most efficient along the oxidative process, showing larger stability than the antioxidant BHT. The pulp\'s of bound acid phenolic fraction by soluble compounds was the most efficient among the acid phenolic fractions, and it has major amount of phenolic compounds. The pomegranate seed has the punicic acid on its fatty acid composition. The punicic acid is a I conjugated inolenic acid isomer.The punicic acid is present at 58% from the total fatty acids from the fruit, being its principal fatty acid.

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Silva, Analú Barbosa da. "Caracterização antibacteriana, química e fitoquímica de flores de Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. (mimo-de-vênus) e Hibiscus syriacus L. (hibisco-da-síria) como fonte de alimento." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/101498.

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O Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. e o Hibiscus syriacus L., da família Malvaceae são utilizados na área ornamental, mas nos últimos anos vem ganhando espaço na área alimentícia como flores comestíveis. Alguns estudos demonstram o potencial antibacteriano destas variedades frente a diversos microrganismos e sobre sua composição nutricional e fitoquímica há poucas pesquisas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a intensidade de atividade de inibição (IINIB) e a inativação bacteriana (IINAB) in vitro dos dois extratos alcoólicos das flores dos hibiscos e a relação com os polifenóis e antocianinas, e quantificar os compostos nutricionais e bioativos comparados com a atividade antioxidante. Avaliou-se a ação antibacteriana frente às bactérias de interesse alimentar, Staphylococcus aureus e Salmonella Enteretidis resultando em diferenças significativas entre as médias dos valores arbitrários (IINIB/IINAB). Observou-se a resistência da primeira bactéria com a segunda respectivamente em ambos os extratos vegetais. O doseamento dos compostos fitoquímicos presentes constatou que as plantas possuem correlação com a atividade antibacteriana e as propriedades químicas demonstraram valores significativos do ponto de vista nutricional e detectou-se efeito relevante com a atividade antioxidante.
The Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. and Hibiscus syriacus L., Malvaceae the family are used in the ornamental area, but in recent years has been gaining ground in the food area as edible flowers. Some studies have demonstrated the antibacterial potential of these varieties against various microorganisms and on their nutritional composition and phytochemical little research. This study aimed to analyze the intensity of activity inhibition (IINIB) and bacterial inactivation (IINAB) in vitro of both alcoholic extracts of petals of flowers of hibiscus and relationship with polyphenols and anthocyanins, and quantify the nutritional and bioactive compounds compared with antioxidant activity. We evaluated the antibacterial action on the bacteria of food interest, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Enteretidis resulting in significant differences between the means of arbitrary values (IINIB/IINAB), where there was resistance from the first to the second bacterium in both extracts vegetables. The determination of phytochemical compounds found that plants have a correlation with the antibacterial activity and chemical properties showed significant amounts of nutritional standpoint and significant effect was detected with antioxidant activity.

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Jelena, Nađpal. "Fitohemijski skrining i biološka aktivnost ekstrakata i tradicionalnih proizvoda od plodova divljih ruža (Rosa L.;Rosaceae)." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2017. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=104437&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Cilj ove doktorske disertacije predstavljalo je ispitivanje fitohemijskog sastava i biološke aktivnosti vodenih i metanolnih ekstrakata svežih i suvih plodova, kao i voćne kaše i džema pripremljenih po tradicionalnoj recepturi od plodova šest samoniklih vrsta Rosa L.: R. canina, R. dumalis, R. dumetorum, R. tomentosa, R. arvensis, R. sempervirens. Ispitivanje fitohemijskog sastava obuhvatalo je LC -MS/MS analizu 64 odabrana fenolna jedinjenja, hinske kiseline (organske kiseline) kao i tri triterpenoida. Takođe, izvršeno je spektrofotometrijsko određivanje sadržaja ukupnih fenolnih i flavonoidnih jedinjenja, kao i vitamina C. Evaluacija biološke aktivnosti obuhvatala je in vitro ispitivanja antioksidantne i antiinflamatorne aktivnosti, kao i ispitivanje uticaja ekstrakata odabranih vrsta Rosa na aktivnost enzima acetilholinesteraze i rast tumorskih i netumorskih ćelija. Sumiranjem dobijenih rezultata može se zaključiti da sveži i suvi plodovi ispitivanih vrsta Rosa, kao i voćne kaše i džemovi predstavljaju značajan izvor vitamina C i fenolnih jedinjenja, sa elagnom kiselinom kao najzastupljenijom fenolnom komponentom. Takođe u pojedinim ekstraktima vrsta R. dumetorum i R. tomentosa detektovana je visoka koncentracija ursolne kiseline, dok je hinska kiselina prisutna u značajnoj koncentraciji u svim ispitivanim ekstraktima. Ekstrakti ispitivanih vrsta, izuzev vrste Rosa arvensis, pokazali su visok antioksidantni potencijal koji se ogleda u njihovoj sposobnosti neutralizacije nekoliko radikalskih vrsta, redukcionom potencijalu i sposobnosti inhibicije lipidne peroksidacije. Ispitivani ekstrakti ispoljili su umerenu antiinflamatornu aktivnost u pogledu inhibicije produkcije odabranih metabolita ciklooksigenaznog (12-HHT, TXB₂, PGE₂) i 12-lipooksigenaznog (12-HETE) metaboličkog puta arahidonske kiseline, posebno prostaglandina E . Takođe, in vitro ispitivanjem uticaja ekstrakata odabranih vrsta Rosa na aktivnost acetilholinesteraze pokazana je umerena aktivnost. Vodeni ekstrakti i ekstrakti voćnih kaša vrsta R. canina, R. tomentosa i R. sempervirens pokazali su umereni inhibitorni potencijal prema rastu HeLa ćelijske linije, dok su ekstrakti vrste R. sempervirens pokazali aktivnost i prema HT-29 ćelijama. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na značajni potencijal plodova i tradicionalnih proizvoda ispitivanih vrsta Rosa za upotrebu u proizvodnji nutraceutika i funkcionalne hrane.
The aim of presented doctoral thesis was investigation of phytochemical composition and biological activity of water and methanol extracts of fresh and air- dried rose hips, as well as purée and jam made according to traditional recipe of hips of six wild growing Rosa L. species: R. canina, R. dumalis, R. dumetorum, R. tomentosa, R. arvensis, and R. sempervirens. Examination of phytochemical composition included LC-MS/MS analysis of 64 selected phenolic compounds, quinic acid (organic acid) and three triterpenoids. Also, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as vitamin C contents were determined spectrophotometrically. Biological activity evaluation of extracts of six Rosa species included in vitro investigation of antioxidant, anti- inflammatory, anti-acetylcholinesterase and cytotoxic activity. According to obtained results, fresh and air-dried rose hips, as well as their preserves present valuable source of vitamin C and phenolic compounds, especially ellagic acid, which was the most abundant examined phenolic compound. Furthermore, high concentration of ursolic acid was detected in some Rosa tomentosa and R. rumetorum extracts, while notable concentration of quinic acid was present in all examined extracts. Extracts of all examined species, apart from Rosa arvensis, showed considerable antioxidant activity in terms of radical scavenging ability, reduction potential and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Moreover, extracts exhibited moderate anti- inflammatory activity by means of inhibition of the main arachidonic acid metabolites formed incyclooxygenase-1 (12-HHT, TXB₂, PGE ₂ ) and 12-lipoxygenase (12-HETE) pathway, especially prostaglandin E₂ . Also, investigation of anti- cetylcholinesterase activity revealed moderate activity of extracts of all examined species. In addition, predominantly water extracts of fresh andair-dried rose hips, as well as purée of R. canina, R. tomentosa and R. sempervirens showed inhibitory activity toward HeLa, while R.sempervirens extracts also inhibited HT-29 cell growth. Presented results indicate significant potential of examined rose hips and their preserves for use as nutraceuticals and functional food.

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Konderla, Patrik. "Studium bioaktivních látek růže šípkové." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-316235.

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Purpose of this thesis was research the content of biologically active substances in herbal rosehip extracts and also determination of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of these extracts. Teoretical part describes informations about Rosa canina L., detailed specification of biologically active substances, specification of antioxidation and overview of methods determine antioxidant compound and antimicrobial activity. In the practical part was by combination of different solvents, procedures and herbal materials, made 21 extracts of Rosa canina L.. From measuring of these extracts, was made extraction curves and also was determined antimicrobial efficiency against bacterial strains Serratia marcescesns, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and Micrococcus luteus. Results shows, that also all extracts has some antimicrobial activity, but only against microorganisms Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus cereus. Also was found that bud extracts contains more bioactive compounds soluble in ethanol, meanwhile rose hip extracts contains more bioactive compounds soluble in water.

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Nuzzi, M. "REALIZZAZIONE DI UN NUOVO INGREDIENTE ALIMENTARE A BASE DI PETALI DI ROSA: ASPETTI NUTRACEUTICI E TECNOLOGICI." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/150035.

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The aim of this PHD project was to study the suitability of flowers as nutraceutical, technological and healthy sources, in order to produce a new food ingredient. A case study for the research, the Rosa botanical species was chosen, because the petals are rich in nutritional compounds and are normally used in gastronomical and phytotherapic field. However the scientific information about their chemical-nutritional and technological properties are, at the moment, fragmentary, in particular because the use of roses as food ingredients are very unconventional. For this reason we prefer to pinpoint the innovative characteristics of this study. A particular aspect of the study was related to the ways to produce and obtain raw material. The roses were cultivated in a protected, natural and chemical, phytochemical free environment. The organic cultivation of flowers for nutritional use, could encourage a new kind of vegetable production in a sector where, normally, the use of pesticides is absolutely necessary. The first scientific step of the study was the chemical characterization of the organically grown roses varieties both as raw material and during processing, in order to obtain an ingredient suitable for several destinations. In this case, there is also a lack of scientific literature regarding chemical and biochemical properties of ingredients, or final products, obtained directly from floricultural matrix (not from flower extracts or by-products). One of the targets of this research was to realize a formulation of an ingredient, rose petal based, for basic food like yogurt, that is in itself considered a functional food. The floricultural matrix could offer interesting opportunities not only for garden nurseries or organic flower producers, but also in order to diversify the yogurt production. In this case, in fact, the dairy makers could combine the benefits of the bio-active compound of the flowers with the well known beneficial contribution of the yogurt. The relationship between technological processing of the petals, their phase composition and chemical, microbiological, functional characteristics of the new ingredient, were studied. In particular, for raw material quality evaluation, specific analytical protocols were established, in order to determine chemical-nutritional and nutraceutical parameters, Nutraceutical composition of the flowers was focused both in terms of specific molecules or antioxidant compound groups such as: ascorbic acid, polyphenols, total anthocyanins and also in terms of antiradicalic activity, expressed as scavenger effect. DPPH and Fremy’ salt, methods, were the most representative analytical ways used for these determinations. The correct composition of vegetable ingredient (rose petals), in the model mixture under study, was accurately calculate and tested in various attempts. Then this innovative formulation was stabilized microbiologically by applying a specific and targeted thermal treatment. The same analysis carried out on raw material (extraction and characterization of the bio-active compounds), were carried out before and after thermal treatment to evaluating base-flowers-mixture. The analytical indices (including microbial analysis) above described and targeted sensory evaluation test, were also organized for the prepared flower yogurt. In particular, sensorial analysis was carried out following descriptive methods . The trained panel was asked to evaluate intensity of the “new product” typical parameters, such as, color, perfume, flavor, texture, etc. A critical aspect of the research was the difficulty to obtain and receive suitable raw material. In fact, at the moment the organic cultivation of flowers (specially organic roses destined for nutrition) doesn’t exist in Italy. Only through a special network of information (web site, etc) was it possible to find a flower producer, working organically. Other samples of organic roses were available from private collectors and agricultural research institutes involved in flower cultivation. RIASSUNTO Lo scopo di questa tesi di dottorato è stato quello di indagare sull’idoneità all’impiego dei fiori in termini nutraceutici, tecnologici e di salubrità per la realizzazione di un nuovo ingrediente alimentare. Come modello dello studio, è stata scelta la specie floricola Rosa sp. i cui petali, noti per la loro ricchezza in principi attivi, sono da tempo utilizzati in ambiti sia fitoterapico sia gastronomico. Tuttavia, le informazioni scientifiche disponibili sulle proprietà chimico-nutrizionali e tecnologiche dei petali di rosa, sono attualmente frammentarie proprio per l’aspetto innovativo dell’impiego ‘convenzionale’ come ingrediente alimentare. Un significativo aspetto della ricerca ha riguardato le modalità produttive della materia prima la cui coltivazione è avvenuta in un ambiente naturale e protetto senza l’utilizzo di fitofarmaci e di concimi chimici. L’indagine scientifica ha preso origine dagli studi di caratterizzazione chimica di cultivar di rose coltivate biologicamente, valutate nel corso delle operazioni tecnologiche a cui si è fatto ricorso per la produzione di un ‘intermedio’ (semilavorato) da destinare a successivi utilizzi. Attualmente non esistono in letteratura studi riguardanti le proprietà chimiche e biochimiche di preparati, ottenuti dalla lavorazione di matrici floricole (e non dai loro estratti), utilizzabili in produzioni di largo consumo come i prodotti lattiero-caseari. L’obiettivo della presente ricerca è stato quello di formulare un ingrediente ai petali di rosa per un alimento-base come lo yogurt. La produzione dello yogurt, alimento di per sé funzionale, verrebbe in tal caso diversificata proprio grazie alla nuova formulazione, caratterizzata dalle sostanze bio-attive della matrice floricola. Pertanto si sono studiate e definite le relazioni esistenti tra il processo di trasformazione tecnologica dei petali di rosa in semilavorato, la composizione di fase di quest’ultimo e le caratteristiche chimiche, microbiologiche e funzionali del nuovo ingrediente così ottenuto. Sono stati messi a punto una serie di protocolli analitici per la valutazione dei parametri chimico-nutrizionali sulla materia prima (contenuto in carboidrati solubili e in acidi organici) e dei contenuti nutraceutici. Tali contenuti sono stati analizzati sia in termini di singole molecole o di gruppi di composti antiossidanti (vitamina C, contenuto in polifenoli e antociani totali), sia in termini di attività antiradicalica espressa come potere scavenger di una molecola rappresentativa del pool antiossidante appartenente al substrato vegetale, mediante opportuni saggi (test contro i radicali DPPH e Sale di Fremy). E’ stata successivamente studiata una ‘ricetta’ per la trasformazione dei petali di rosa di alcune delle cultivar testate, in miscela-base, modulando le formulazioni base-frutta sia come quantità della materia prima utilizzata sia relativamente all’adozione del protocollo termico di stabilizzazione. Sono state messe a punto le metodiche di estrazione dei composti bio-attivi (polifenoli e antociani totali) dalla miscela-base anche dopo trattamento termico. Sono stati pertanto misurati gli indici analitici per la valutazione dello stato di conservazione (parametri di processo e contenuti microbiologici durante la shelf-life) sia per l’ingrediente sia per lo yogurt formulato. Su tale prodotto sono stati poi eseguiti dei test d’assaggio di tipo descrittivo da parte di un panel addestrato in grado di valutare l’intensità di alcuni caratteristici parametri sensoriali del nuovo prodotto. Alcune delle criticità relative allo svolgimento di questo lavoro sono sorte in relazione al reperimento di materia prima idonea in quanto, attualmente, non sono presenti in Italia roseti biologici. L’approvvigionamento delle cultivar di rose studiate è stato possibile grazie all’individuazione di siti di raccolta non convenzionali in cui la coltivazione delle rose avveniva secondo le modalità della conduzione biologica (roseto privato, parcelle sperimentali, ambiente naturale).

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Gao, Jie. "Technology of isolation, identification and research of antioxidant activity of polyphenols from Pingyin Rosae Rugosae Flos." Магістерська робота, Kyiv National University of Technology and Design, 2021. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/19385.

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Rosa rugosa is a kind of Chinese medicine for both medicine and food, which has high ornamental value. Rose contains a variety of active ingredients, except the most famous volatile oil, polyphenols are also one of the main active ingredients. Firstly, the optimal extraction conditions of rose polyphenols were determined through single factor experiment and L9 (34) orthogonal experiment. The result was that the ethanol concentration was 60%, the material-to-liquid ratio was 1:25 (w/v), the ultrasonic power was 150W, and the ultrasonic time was 60min. Under these conditions, the extraction rate of rose polyphenols extracted by auxiliary reflux method was (3.21±0.02)%. Secondly, rose polyphenols were screened for the most suitable macroporous resin AB-8 for purification. 30% and 70% of the elution fractions were collected as R-30 and R-70, respectively. R-30 and R-70 were tested in vitro anti-oxidant capacity by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP method. The results showed that the antioxidant capacity of R-30 was higher than that of R-70. At the same time, the total rose sample R was identified by UHPLCQ-TOF-MS. Finally, a total of 10 polyphenolic compounds were identified. They were Quinic acid, Gallic acid, Di-O-galloyl-glucoside, Bis-HHDP-glucoside, Catechin, Di-O-galloyl-HHDPglucoside, Di-O-galloyl- HHDPglucoside, GalloylHHDP-glucoside, Ellagic acid, Kaermpferol-3-O-rutinoside. In order to further study the separation and biological activity of plant polyphenols, Taraxaci Herba was selected as a material, which is a kind of Chinese medicine for both medicine and food. The best extraction method was used to extract dandelion, and the dandelion was separated and purified by a combination of polyamide atmospheric pressure column and chromatography. A total of 9 compound monomers were obtained and 8 of them were identified by MS and NMR. Finally, 4 monomer compounds were selected for in vitro antioxidant activity research. The results show that the four compounds have good in vitro antioxidant activity. The order of antioxidant capacity was protocatechuic acid (V)> caffeic acid (I)> luteolin (VIII)> chlorogenic acid (VII).
Rosa rugosa – це різновид китайської медицини як для медицини, так і для їжі, яка має високу декоративну цінність. Троянда містить безліч активних інгредієнтів, крім найвідомішої ефірної олії, поліфеноли також є одними з основних активних інгредієнтів. По-перше, оптимальні умови екстракції поліфенолів троянд були визначені за допомогою однофакторного експерименту та L9 (34) ортогонального експерименту. Результатом стало те, що концентрація етанолу становила 60%, відношення матеріалу до рідини становило 1:25 (вага/об’єм), потужність ультразвуку становила 150 Вт, а час ультразвуку – 60 хвилин. За цих умов швидкість екстракції поліфенолів троянди, екстрагованих допоміжним методом дефлегмації, становила (3,21±0,02)%. По-друге, поліфеноли троянди були перевірені на найбільш придатну для очищення макропористу смолу АВ-8. 30% і 70% фракцій елюції збирали як R-30 і R-70, відповідно. R-30 та R-70 тестували invitro антиоксидантну здатність методом DPPH, ABTS, FRAP. Результати показали, що антиоксидантна здатність R-30 була вищою, ніж у R-70. У той же час загальний зразок троянди R був ідентифікований за допомогою UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Нарешті було ідентифіковано 10 поліфенольних сполук. Це були хінова кислота, галова кислота, Di-O-галлоіл-глюкозид, біс-HHDP-глюкозид, катехін, Di-O-галлоіл-HHDP-глюкозид, Di-O-галлоіл-HHDPглюкозид, галлоіл-HDP-глюкозид, еллагова кислота, Kaermpferol -3-Oрутинозид. З метою подальшого вивчення поділу та біологічної активності рослинних поліфенолів, TaraxaciHerba був обраний як матеріал, який є різновидом китайської медицини як для медицини, так і для їжі. Для вилучення кульбаби використовували найкращий метод екстракції, кульбабу відокремили та очистили комбінацією поліамідної колонки з атмосферним тиском та хроматографією. Всього було отримано 9 з'єднаних мономерів і 8 з них ідентифіковано за допомогою МС та ЯМР. Нарешті, для дослідження антиоксидантної активності invitro було відібрано 4 мономерні сполуки. Результати показують, що ці чотири сполуки мають гарну антиоксидантну активність invitro. Порядок антиоксидантної здатності був протокатехової кислоти (V)> кавова кислота (I)>лютеолін (VIII)>хлорогенова кислота (VII).

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Bergamaschi, Keityane Boone. "Extração, determinação da composição fenólica e avaliação do potencial de desativação de espécies reativas de oxigênio e da atividade anti-inflamatória de resíduos de amendoim, pimenta-rosa e pimenta-do-reino." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11141/tde-22062016-170703/.

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O setor agroindustrial tem se expandido muito nos últimos anos, levando o país a um aumento na geração de resíduos agroindustriais, sendo que a maior parte deles ainda é descartada no meio ambiente, sem tratamento adequado, ou utilizada na alimentação animal, destinos que a priori, não geram ganhos econômicos para a agroindústria além de representarem gargalos logísticos e ambientais na sua disposição. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho teve como objetivos otimizar o processo de extração de compostos bioativos, avaliar in vitro as atividades antioxidante, por meio da desativação de espécies reativas de oxigênio, e anti-inflamatória, bem como determinar a composição fenólica dos resíduos agroindustriais a saber: película de amendoim (Arachis hypogaea) (cultivares IAC886 e IAC505), pimenta-rosa (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) e pimenta-do-reino (Piper Nigrum L). O processo de otimização da extração de compostos antioxidantes foi realizado utilizando dois processos de extração, extração convencional e subcrítica, em delineamento composto central rotacional, utilizando como variáveis a temperatura e tempo e a pressão e temperatura, respectivamente, com os solventes etanol 80%, água e propilenoglicol 80%. Durante o processo de otimização a atividade antioxidante foi avaliada pelo método de sequestro do radical ABTS. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos para a extração convencional com os solventes etanol 80%, água e propilenoglicol 80%. A película de amendoim (IAC505) apresentou as maiores atividades antioxidantes (1.396,67, 580,44 e 859,89 μmol.g-1 em equivalentes de trolox, para os solventes etanol 80%, água e propilenoglicol 80%, respectivamente). A partir dos resultados obtidos para os solventes testados, utilizando a extração convencional, foram feitas outras análises de atividade antioxidante considerando o tempo e temperatura ideal de extração. Foram realizadas análises de avaliação da capacidade de redução de Folin-Ciocalteau e potencial de desativação dos radicais livres sintéticos (DPPH e ABTS) e espécies reativas de oxigênio (radicais peroxila, superóxido e ácido hipocloroso). O solvente de extração que apresentou melhores resultados em todos os ensaios foi o etanol 80%, sendo, portanto o solvente utilizado nas análises subsequentes. A partir da definição do melhor sistema extrator foram realizadas análises da composição fenólica, por meio das técnicas de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência em modo analítico (HPLC-RP), cromatografia gasosa acoplada com espectrometria de massas (GC-MS), e avaliação in vitro da atividade anti-inflamatória. Foram identificados nos resíduos estudados procianidinas B1 e B2, ácido p-cumárico, miricetina, ácido ferúlico, ácido siríngico, ácido sinápico, epicatequina e catequina. A pimenta-do-reino diminui significativamente os níveis de TNF-α e nitritos, reduzindo assim o processo inflamatório gerado. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho demonstram que estes resíduos agroindústrias possuem grande potencial biológico, podendo assim ser melhores aproveitados tanto pela indústria de alimentos quanto pela indústria farmacêutica.
The agribusiness sector has expanded greatly in recent years, leading the country to an increase in the generation of agro-industrial residues, even though most of them are still discarded in the environment without proper treatment, or used in animal feed, destinations that a priori do not generate economic gains for agribusiness besides representing logistical and environmental bottlenecks at your disposal. In this sense, the present study aimed to optimize the bioactive compounds extraction process, to evaluate in vitro the antioxidant activities, through the deactivation of reactive oxygen species, and anti-inflammatory as well as determine the phenolic composition of agro-industrial residues namely peanut skin (Arachis hypogaea) (IAC886 and IAC505 cultivars), pink pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) and black pepper (Piper nigrum L). The optimization process of extraction of antioxidants was performed using two extraction processes, conventional extraction and subcritical on central composite design, using as variable temperature and time and the pressure and temperature, respectively, with solvents ethanol 80%, water and propyleneglycol 80%. During the optimization process the antioxidant activity was evaluated for the kidnapping method of ABTS radical. The best results were obtained for the conventional extraction with solvents ethanol 80%, water and propyleneglycol 80%. Peanut skin (IAC505) showed the highest antioxidant activity (1,396.67, 580.44 and 859.89 μmol.g-1 in Trolox equivalents, for solvents ethanol 80%, water and propyleneglycol 80%, respectively). From the results obtained for the solvents tested, using conventional extraction, other analyzes were done considering the antioxidant activity optimum time and temperature of extraction. Valuation analyzes were carried out of the Folin-Ciocalteau reduction capability and potential disabling of synthetic free radical (DPPH and ABTS) and reactive oxygen species (peroxyl radicals, superoxide and hypochlorous acid). The extraction solvent that showed better results in all tests was ethanol 80%, and therefore the solvent used in subsequent analyzes. From the definition of the best extraction system analyzes were made of phenolic composition by means of liquid chromatography techniques of high efficiency in analytic way (HPLC-RP), gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and reviewed in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. They were identified at residues studied procyanidins B1 and B2, p-coumaric acid, myricetin, ferulic acid, syringic acid, sinapic acid, epicatechin, and catechin. The black pepper significantly reduces TNF-α and nitrite levels, thereby reducing the inflammatory process generated. The results of this study demonstrate that these agribusinesses waste have great biological potential, and thus can be best availed by both the food industry and the pharmaceutical industry.

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Pedroso, Mariana Queiroz Martins. "A resposta de andar na roda como reforço em ratos: um estudo exploratório sobre a resposta de andar na roda como reforço e sua relação com a restrição do tempo de alimento disponivel." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2005. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/16842.

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Replicating Iversen s (1993) procedure, this study s goal was to increase the comprehension of the running response of rats on an activity wheel when running was a consequence of responding on a fixed-ratio schedule. The study also explored the impact of a restricted period of food availability on the reinforcing value of wheel running. Body weight, food and water consumption of six female rats were systematically measured. Five subjects were also submitted to a procedure designed to install wheel-running as a consequence for lever pressing. After baseline measures of wheel running, a gradual restriction of the session time when wheel-running was possible was implemented, followed by the shaping of a lever pressing response reinforced by wheel-running, and a phase when lever pressing was maintained by intermittent reinforcement on a FR. The FR values initially were increased automatically and later the FR values were increased based on the analysis of the subject s responses. One subject was finally submitted to an extinction procedure of the lever pressing response. The availability of food also varied during experimental phases concomitantly with the manipulation of lever pressing and wheel running: food was initially available all the time, later food was available for 90 minutes daily, and, finally, it was available all the time again for some subjects.. Results indicated that the lever pressing that produced wheel running as a consequence was acquired and maintained for 4 of 5 subjects. Nevertheless these responses were emitted at low rates, and were acquired only after a long training. For one subject, the lever pressing response was acquired only when food was its consequence and was, then maintained when the consequence became wheel-running. Results also showed that rate of lever pressing and the number of wheel turns decreased as the value of fixed ratio increased, and that weight loss did not depend on the number of wheel turns, but seemed to depend on the time restriction of food availability. It is discussed that for 3 subjects the time restriction of food availability was an establishing operation for wheel-running
Similar ao procedimento de Iversen (1993), este estudo buscou compreender o funcionamento da resposta de andar na roda como reforço, em esquema de reforçamento em FR e explorou o impacto da restrição do tempo de alimento disponível sobre o valor reforçador de andar na roda. Seis ratas foram submetidas à linha de base de peso corporal, consumo de alimento e água. Destas, cinco foram designadas às seguintes fases tendo a possibilidade de andar na roda: sessões de linha de base, redução gradual do tempo de possibilidade de andar na roda; modelagem da resposta de pressão à barra; reforçamento intermitente em FR com aumento automático do valor da FR, aumento do valor da FR determinado pela análise das respostas emitidas pelos sujeitos e extinção da resposta de pressão à barra. Sobre o alimento, destacam-se as seguintes condições: alimento disponível por tempo integral, 90 de alimento disponível por dia e alimento por tempo integral. Tais condições acompanharam as manipulações das variáveis relativas a andar na roda. Os resultados apontaram que quatro de cinco sujeitos adquiriram com muito treino e mantiveram com taxas baixas a resposta de pressão à barra tendo a possibilidade de andar na roda como conseqüência, diferente do obtido por Iversen (1993). Para um sujeito, inclusive a resposta de pressão à barra só foi instalada usando alimento como reforço, e depois mantida com a resposta de andar na roda. Observou-se também que as taxas de respostas de pressão à barra e o número de voltas na roda diminuíram com o aumento do valor da FR, e que a perda de peso dos sujeitos não dependeu da quantidade de voltas na roda e sim da restrição do tempo de alimento disponível. Pode-se dizer que a restrição do tempo de alimento foi uma operação estabelecedora que alterou a efetividade reforçadora do andar na roda para quatro dos sujeitos

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Benferhat, Yasmina. "Cives Epicurei : les épicuriens et l'idée de monarchie à Rome et en Italie de Sylla à Octave." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040170.

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Cette thèse tente de répondre à un problème fameux : les épicuriens favorisèrent-ils le retour de la monarchie à Rome dans les dernières années de la République avec César et ensuite Auguste ? La première partie est une étude de l'épicurisme dans le monde grec hellénistique : d'après les textes d'Épicure et de ses successeurs qui nous sont restés, il semble que les épicuriens n'avaient pas de préférence pour la monarchie. Ils tenaient à avoir des lois les protégeant de toute injustice, et refusaient la tyrannie mais étaient indifférents a la forme du gouvernement, démocratie ou monarchie. La deuxième partie est consacrée au poète romain Lucrèce : c'est une étude d'extraits du De rerum natura apportant une confirmation du fait que les épicuriens n'étaient pas des partisans de la monarchie. Puis, la vie du chevalier Atticus, le meilleur ami de Cicéron, montre qu'il était un épicurien refusant d'avoir une activité politique officielle mais voulant conserver la république oligarchique sénatoriale. L. Calpurnius Piso, le consul de 58, offre un visage différent parce qu'appartenant à une vieille famille noble et ne pouvant pas ne pas faire de carrière politique : lui aussi défendit la République bien qu'étant le dernier beau-père de César. Et il tenta de la sauver par des ambassades. La dernière partie traite des officiers ou opposants de César et de César lui-même : les épicuriens essayèrent de préserver la paix et la République avec des missions secrètes ou officielles.

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Costa, Elvira Livonete. "AS VÁRIAS FACES DA PALAVRA ROSEANA." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2016. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/3251.

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The enigmatic phenomenon of literary creation of João Guimarães Rosa surprises and fascinates critics and readers, at first by the vast of linguistic network resources that engenders your writing, however the extent that enter into the Rosa s poetic space are hurled to a dimension of pure uncertainty and magic, in which the extraordinary lyricism of the author that takes the word and announces your full said, original and rapture. Ave, Palavra recreates the world by means of a sober poetry, however essential, decanted from a vigorous and energetic language that never gets tired of to haunt by your rebellious and obscure nature. This paper aims to explore the complex system percussed by the literary language mentioned by Michel Foucault, which commands the Rosa´s poetic flows in Ave, Palavra, by means of the analysis of certain procedures creation of linguistic and stylistic elaboration presents in all of your composition; also is intended to investigate the lyricism that the essential verb emanates in this rough and rid space, in which bend over himself, hiding the various faces of the complex word and the unusual intention of Rosa s written of the reverence to the poetic art, since that Ave, Palavra bears an action lyrical articulated in the sovereign space of the work: that was described by Maurice Blanchot in which transcends and converts all the superficiality of the outside world in a incessant said, inexhaustible and overwhelming.
O enigmático fenômeno da criação literária de João Guimarães Rosa surpreende e fascina a críticos e leitores, a princípio pela vasta rede de recursos linguísticos que sua escrita engendra, entretanto na medida que adentram o espaço poético roseano são arremessados a uma dimensão de pura incerteza e magia, na qual o extraordinário lirismo do autor toma a palavra e anuncia seu dito pleno, original e arrebatador. Ave, Palavra recria o mundo por meio de uma poesia sóbria, todavia essencial, decantada de uma linguagem vigorosa e enérgica que nunca se cansa de assombrar por sua natureza rebelde e obscura. Este trabalho visa explorar o complexo sistema percorrido pela linguagem literária mencionada por Michel Foucault, a qual comanda os fluxos poéticos de Rosa em Ave, Palavra, por meio da análise de certos procedimentos de criação linguística e elaboração estilística presentes em toda sua composição; destina-se também a investigar o lirismo que mana do verbo essencial nesse espaço áspero e árido, o qual se dobra sobre si mesmo, ocultando as várias faces da palavra complexa e a insólita intenção da escrita roseana de reverenciar a arte poética, visto que Ave, Palavra comporta uma ação lírica articulada no espaço soberano da obra: aquele descrito por Maurice Blanchot, em que transcende e converte toda a superficialidade do mundo exterior em um dito incessante, inesgotável e avassalador.

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25

White, Amy Victoria. "Hannibal's night time antics: Livy's use of 'The Night' in the third decade to present military operations, develop moral exampla, and examine Rome's past." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Language, Social and Political Sciences, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9056.

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It has generally been thought that Hannibal was a hostile individual and despised in Roman society because of his non-Roman status and his apparent tendency to be deceptive, cruel and savage. Yet, our understanding of Hannibal as a character is limited. This thesis attempts to address his characterisation through an examination of his night-time military exploits, and argue that our knowledge of Hannibal can be expanded upon by examining how Livy characterised Hannibal in his account of the Second Punic War. Furthermore, this thesis takes a fresh approach to Hannibal’s characterisation, considering Livy’s use of ‘the night’ in association with military activity, and revealing that Hannibal displayed traits that the Romans themselves valued. Thus, Hannibal’s character is developed through a nocturnal military setting, and he becomes comparable to Rome’s finest generals, including Fabius Maximus, Marcellus and Scipio Africanus. Similarly, it is also shown that he exhibited Roman military virtus in place of the traits traditionally thought to be synonymous with the non-Roman. By analysing the character of Hannibal in this manner, we reveal that in Roman thought he was an ambiguous character, whilst simultaneously highlighting how the Romans both perceived and used the night within the context of the army.

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26

Cunha, Jinger do Carmo. "Estudo da imunorreatividade das proteínas ligantes de cálcio na neuroquímica da medula espinal de ratos submetidos à atividade física espotânea na roda de corrida." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47135/tde-15012009-145617/.

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As ações da atividade física na neuroquímica dos neurônios, com enfoque às proteínas ligantes de cálcio (Ca2+), e o estado de ativação de células gliais da medula espinal do rato foram investigadas em preparados imuno-histoquímicos através da análise morfométrica e microdensitométrica com auxílio do computador. Ratos machos adultos foram divididos em dois grupos: treinado, cujos animais foram expostos à roda de corrida onde realizava atividade física espontânea, por um período de 4 e 14 noites; e sedentário, onde os animais foram mantidos em caixas individualizadas, sem a roda de corrida. Após os períodos determinados, os animais sofreram eutanásia e suas medulas espinais foram processadas para imunohistoquímica. Os ligantes de Ca2+ neuronal e glial foram avaliados pela imunorreatividade das proteínas calbindina e parvalbumina e, ainda, pela imunorreatividade da proteína S100 astrocitária. A atividade física voluntária promoveu uma diminuição na imunorreatividade da proteína calbindina em nível torácico no corno posterior (lâminas I e II de Rexed), assim como no núcleo espinal lateral após 14 dias. No nível lombar, também se observou uma diminuição da imunorreatividade no corno posterior (lâminas I e II de Rexed). Contudo os animais submetidos à atividade física voluntária por 4 dias apresentaram um aumento na área imunorreativa da proteína parvalbumina em relação ao seu controle. Efeito semelhante ocorreu no núcleo dorsal nos grupos que treinaram por 4 e 14 dias. Entretanto, no fascículo cuneiforme ocorreu uma diminuição da imunorreatividade à parvalbumina. Já em relação à proteína S100, os animais treinados apresentaram um aumento na imunorreatividade (spMGV) no corno anterior. Assim, conclui-se que a atividade física voluntária modificou a imunorreatividade das proteínas ligantes de Ca2+ na medula espinal, o que pode estar associado aos mecanismos de ativação intracelular realizados pelo cálcio, bem como a liberação de neurotransmissores na fenda sináptica.
Actions of the physical activity in the neurochemistry focuzing calcium-bindin proteins and the activation of the glial cells in the spinal cord of the rat were investigated with imunohistochemistry over. Male wistar adult rats were divided in two groups: trained, which animals exercised in the wheel running for 4 and 14 nigths; and sedentary, which animals were maintained in private box without wheel running. After that period rats were sacrificed and their spinal cords were processed to imunohistochemistry. Calcium-bindin proteins neuronal (parvalbumin and calbindin) and glial (S100) were evaluted. The activity promoted a decrese in the imunoreativite of the calbindin protein in the torácic level of the posterior horn (lamina I and II of Rexed), and lateral spine nucle after 14 days. In the lombar level, decrese in the posterior horn was also found. Animals submited to physic activity for 4 days showed an increased in the imunoreatived area of parvalbumin. Similar effect was observed all of groups that were treineds for 4 e 14 days. However, in the cuneiforne fascicule, parvalbumin decreased. The S100 protein showed decresed in the anterior horn. In conclusion volunteer phisical activity changed the pattern of the calcium-bindin protein immunoreactivity in the spinal cord, effect than can be associated to neuroplasticity.

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27

Silva, Francys Anthony da. "Evolu??o da atividade cromosf?rica, abund?ncia de l?tio e rota??o das estrelas an?logas e g?meas solares." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16646.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
The study of solar-type stars also includes the familiar solar analogs and twins. These objects have been one of the major research subjects in astrophysics nowadays. A direct comparison of solar activity with chromospheric activity indices for a set of stars very similar to the Sun (twins and analogs) provides an excellent opportunity to study the evolution of stellar activity on timescales of the order of the lifetime on the main sequence. This work deals with the relationship between the abundance of lithium, chromospheric activity, X-ray emission and rotation period in terms of stellar ages. We explore the influence of stellar evolution in the global properties of the stars and the aspects linked to its coronal, chromospheric and magnetic activity. Our main objective is to probe the law of decay of each of these parameters based on a sample of stars classified as well-connected as analogs stars and solar twins.
O estudo das estrelas do tipo solar inclui tamb?m as conhecidas estrelas an?logas e g?meas. Estes objetos tem sido um dos principais objetos de pesquisa da astrof?sica atual. A compara??o direta da atividade solar com os ?ndices de atividade cromosf?rica para um conjunto de estrelas muito semelhantes ao Sol (g?meas e an?logas) fornece uma ?tima oportunidade de estudar a evolu??o da atividade estelar em escalas de tempo da ordem do tempo de vida de uma estrela na sequ?ncia principal. Neste trabalho trataremos das rela??es existentes entre a abund?ncia de l?tio, atividade cromosf?rica, emiss?o de raio-X e per?odo de rota??o em termos das idades estelares. Sondaremos a influ?ncia da evolu??o estelar nas propriedades globais das estrelas e nos aspectos ligados a sua atividade coronal, cromosf?rica e magn?tica. Nosso objetivo principal ? de sondar a lei de decaimento de cada um destes par?metros com base em uma amostra de estrelas bem relacionadas e classificadas como estrelas an?logas e g?meas solares

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Benavente, Zolezzi Óscar Matías. "Origen y naturaleza de los fluidos de los sistemas volcánicos e hidrotermales activos de los Andes de Chile central (32.5-36°S)." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/133331.

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Doctor en Ciencias, Mención Geología
En el presente trabajo se realizó un amplio estudio geoquímico de gases y aguas desde las distintas manifestaciones termales emitidas por los volcanes Tupungatito y Planchón-Peteroa, y desde las diferentes áreas geotermales localizadas a lo largo de la Cordillera Principal (CP) de Chile Central, con el fin de determinar el origen y naturaleza de dichos fluidos. Los sistemas volcánicos de Chile Central están caracterizados por la presencia de fumarolas, suelos humeantes y lagunas cratéricas híper-ácidas (pH<2) e híper-salinas (TDS<35,000 mgL-1) en sus cumbres. Los fluidos fumarólicos están dominados por contribuciones de origen magmático (SO2, HCl y HF) e hidrotermales (H2S, H2 y CH4), las que al ascender a través los conductos volcánicos se mezclan con fluidos de origen meteórico. Las razones de N2/Ar (<1500) y R/Ra (<7.11), al igual que la composición isotópica de H2OV de las descargas fumarólicas relaciona directamente el origen de dichos fluidos con la deshidratación del slab y la consecuente fusión parcial del manto astenosférico. Sin embargo, las descargas fumarólicas del volcán Planchón-Peteroa respecto a las del Tupungatito se caracterizan por mayores concentraciones de 3He, SO2, HCl, y HF; mayores temperaturas (de 220° a ˃350°C) y estados de oxidación (RH desde -3 a -5) subsuperficiales; y mayores razones de R/Ra y valores de δ13C-CO2 (de 6.09Ra y -5.31% V-PDB, a 7.11Ra y -2.02% V-PDB). Las variaciones regionales de los tipos de manifestaciones hidrotermales (manantiales fríos y calientes, piscinas burbujeantes y de barro, fumarolas), así como en el contenido relativo de los principales aniones (Cl-, HCO3-, SO42-) y cationes (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) de las aguas termales, sugieren la existencia de tres dominios hidrotermales a lo largo de la CP. En el dominio Oeste (CPO), las aguas termales son emitidas desde manantiales fríos y calientes (<32°C) caracterizados por un TSD<700 mgL-1, un pH neutro a alcalino, y una composición Ca-HCO3(SO4) a Na-HCO3(SO4). Aguas termales neutras son emitidas desde manantiales calientes (<45,7°C) en el dominio Central (CPC). Estas aguas levemente salinas (TSD<15.000 mgL-1) se caracterizan por su composición Na(Ca)-Cl a Ca-Cl. El basamento de la CPO y CPC se caracteriza por rocas volcánicas y volcanoclásticas de composición basáltica a andesítica. El dominio Este (CPE), caracterizado por un basamento sedimentario marino-continental (calizas, areniscas y conglomerados), hospeda aguas termales salinas (TSD<57.000 mgL-1) con un pH neutro a ácido (>2) y una composición variable entre Na-Cl, Ca-HCO3, Na-HCO3, Ca-SO4 y acido-SO4. Estas aguas son descargadas desde manantiales calientes, piscinas burbujeantes y piscinas de barros (<94,5°C), las que espacialmente se encuentran asociadas a los volcanes Holocenos. En los tres dominios las fuentes termales se emergen en zonas deformadas por los sistemas de falla inversas responsables del alzamiento de la CP. El contenido de δD y δ18O en las aguas termales sugiere los sistemas hidrotermales de Chile Central son alimentados principalmente por agua meteórica proveniente del derretimiento de la nieve acumulada en la CP (entre 2000 y 3000 m s.n.m). No obstante, los gases fumarólicos presentan una composición de δD y δ18O que evidencia una adición de agua andesítica (<5%), como también es sugerido por el estado redox estimado de los gases hidrotermales (RH entre -4.9 y -2.5), y la presencia de He (R/Ra hasta 6) y CO2 (δ13C-CO2 entre -8,9 y -5,72% V -PDB) de origen mantélico. La interacción de gases de origen mantélico con las secuencias marinas ricas en carbonatos y materia orgánica existentes a lo largo de la CPE explica los amplios valores de δ13C-CO2 (-14.3 y -6.03% V-PDB) y R/Ra (0.47 y 6.2) medidos en los gases hidrotermales. Al norte del oroclino del Maipo el miembro extremo magmático no supera el 2% (carbonatos + materia orgánica >98%), mientras que al sur la contribución magmática en las manifestaciones hidrotermales alcanza ~35%. En términos globales, el origen de los sistemas volcánicos e hidrotermales de la región está íntimamente relacionado a la subducción de la placa de Nazca bajo el continente Sudamericano, la cual es responsable del (i) magmatismo de arco, y en consecuencia de la transferencia de masa y calor desde las cámaras magmáticas hacia la superficie permitiendo el desarrollo de los sistemas volcánicos y sistemas hidrotermales del tipo ígneo; así como de (ii) la orogénesis en la zona, cuya consecuencia directa es la actividad hidrotermal dominada por fluidos meteóricos impulsados por los significativos gradientes topográficos que caracterizan los Andes de Chile Central. Tanto la distribución regional del contenido de pCO2 en las aguas termales y de los valores promedios del flujo calórico cortical, como la temperatura de emisión de los fluidos, el tipo de manifestaciones termales y las razones R/Ra de los fluidos indican que a lo largo de los tres dominios hidrotermales, la contribución de fluidos profundos aumenta abruptamente al sur del oroclino del Maipo. Al norte del oroclino, la mayor carga hidráulica regional creada por las mayores diferencias topográficas y la menor permeabilidad vertical de las zonas de fallas debido a su orientación desfavorable respecto al campo de estrés compresivo (E-O) suprime parcialmente la advección vertical de fluidos profundos y o la convección de agua meteórica en las zonas de fallas, dando como resultados fluidos hidrotermales con una fuerte signatura meteórica. Al sur del oroclino, la menor carga hidráulica regional generada por la disminución de la topografía, así como la mayor permeabilidad vertical de las fallas debido a su orientación favorable (rumbo NNE-SSO) respecto a la cinemática de deformación transcurrente de rumbo dextral (de orientación NE-SO), genera condiciones favorables para la formación de celdas convectivas de agua meteórica y/o la advección vertical de fluidos profundos (magmáticos y/o hidrotermales). Lo anterior también explicaría la mayor contribución magmática vs. hidrotermal en las descargas fumarólicas del volcán Planchón-Peteroa respecto a las del volcán Tupungatito. Los resultados indican que al sur del oroclino del Maipo la interacción entre volcanismo y tectónica favorece la existencia de sistemas geotermales de alta entalpía en la CPE (ej. Calerías, Tinguiririca, Calabozos, Estero del Volcán, Mariposas). Estos sistemas debiesen ser considerados para su incorporación a la matriz eléctrica del país debido a su promisorio potencial energético (~1700 MWe), ya que en su conjunto podrían abastecer de electricidad cerca de 2.000.000 de viviendas en Chile. El aprovechamiento directo de los recursos geotérmicos parece ser factible en la totalidad de las manifestaciones termales estudiadas, sin embargo el desarrollo de este tipo de proyecto tiene que estar vinculado a los deseos de desarrollo local de los pobladores.

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Kinalwa-Nalule, Myra. "Using machine learning to determine fold class and secondary structure content from Raman optical activity and Raman vibrational spectroscopy." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/using-machine-learning-to-determine-fold-class-and-secondary-structure-content-from-raman-optical-activity-and-raman-vibrational-spectroscopy(7382043d-748c-4d29-ba75-67fb35ccdb19).html.

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The objective of this project was to apply machine learning methods to determine protein secondary structure content and protein fold class from ROA and Raman vibrational spectral data. Raman and ROA are sensitive to biomolecular structure with the bands of each spectra corresponding to structural elements in proteins and when combined give a fingerprint of the protein. However, there are many bands of which little is known. There is a need, therefore, to find ways of extrapolating information from spectral bands and investigate which regions of the spectra contain the most useful structural information. Support Vector Machines (SVM) classification and Random Forests (RF) trees classification were used to mine protein fold class information and Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression was used to determine secondary structure content of proteins. The classification methods were used to group proteins into α-helix, β-sheet, α/β and disordered fold classes. The PLS regression was used to determine percentage protein structural content from Raman and ROA spectral data. The analyses were performed on spectral bin widths of 10cm-1 and on the spectral amide regions I, II and III. The full spectra and different combinations of the amide regions were also analysed. The SVM analyses, classification and regression, generally did not perform well. SVM classification models for example, had low Matthew Correlation Coefficient (MCC) values below 0.5 but this is better than a negative value which would indicate a random chance prediction. The SVM regression analyses also showed very poor performances with average R2 values below 0.5. R2 is the Pearson's correlations coefficient and shows how well predicted and observed structural content values correlate. An R2 value 1 indicates a good correlation and therefore a good prediction model. The Partial Least Squares regression analyses yielded much improved results with very high accuracies. Analyses of full spectrum and the spectral amide regions produced high R2 values of 0.8-0.9 for both ROA and Raman spectral data. This high accuracy was also seen in the analysis of the 850-1100 cm-1 backbone region for both ROA and Raman spectra which indicates that this region could have an important contribution to protein structure analysis. 2nd derivative Raman spectra PLS regression analysis showed very improved performance with high accuracy R2 values of 0.81-0.97. The Random Forest algorithm used here for classification showed good performance. The 2-dimensional plots used to visualise the classification clusters showed clear clusters in some analyses, for example tighter clustering was observed for amide I, amide I & III and amide I & II & III spectral regions than for amide II, amide III and amide II&III spectra analysis. The Random Forest algorithm also determines variable importance which showed spectral bins were crucial in the classification decisions. The ROA Random Forest analyses performed generally better than Raman Random Forest analyses. ROA Random Forest analyses showed 75% as the highest percentage of correctly classified proteins while Raman analyses reported 50% as the highest percentage. The analyses presented in this thesis have shown that Raman and ROA vibrational spectral contains information about protein secondary structure and these data can be extracted using mathematical methods such as the machine learning techniques presented here. The machine learning methods applied in this project were used to mine information about protein secondary structure and the work presented here demonstrated that these techniques are useful and could be powerful tools in the determination protein structure from spectral data.

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Dannenberg, Guilherme da Silva. "Óleo essencial de pimenta rosa (Schinus terebinthifolius RADDI): atividade antimicrobiana e aplicação como componente ativo em filme para bioconservação de alimentos." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2017. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3666.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
A utilização de conservantes naturais bem como de embalagens ativas vêm ganhando espaço na indústria de alimentos. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar as características antimicrobianas do óleo essencial de pimenta rosa (OEPR) e, utilizá- lo como componente ativo na elaboração de filmes para aplicação no desenvolvimento de embalagens bioconservantes para alimentos. Através da análise cromatográfica (CG/MS), detectou-se 18 compostos, 4 monoterpenos e 14 sesquiterpenos, dos quais β-mirceno (41%), β-cuvebeno (12%) e Limoneno (9%) foram os majoritários. Na atividade antimicrobiana do OEPR em ágar e caldo, verificou-se ação contra cinco bactérias patogênicas. A CIM (Concentração Inibitória Mínima) para S. aureus e L. monocytogenes foi de 0,68 e 1,36 mg/mL, respectivamente e a CBM (Concentração Bactericida Mínima) foi de 2,72 mg/mL, para ambas. Em micro-atmosfera a redução foi de 100% no desenvolvimento de S. aureus e L. monocytogenes e, 16 e 15% para E. coli e S. Typhimurium. O tempo de contato necessário para a CBM agir sobre bactérias Gram positivas foi inferior ao período de 12 h, e bactérias Gram negativas não foram inibidas. Além disso, foram verificadas alterações na permeabilidade e integridade da membrana citoplasmática de todas as bactérias avaliadas, indicando que o dano no envoltório celular é um dos seus mecanismos de ação. O OEPR foi aplicado como componente ativo em filmes de acetato de celulose, avaliados in vitro (ágar, caldo e micro-atmosfera) e in situ (queijo mozarela fatiado) contra bactérias patogênicas. Foi verificado que concentrações de 2, 4 e 6% de OEPR na matriz polimérica, conferiu atividade em todos os meios avaliados contra L. monocytogenes e S. aureus. Escherichia coli foi sensível em meio liquido e em micro-atmosfera, enquanto S. Typhimurium não demonstrou sensibilidade aos filmes antibacterianos. A inibição in situ, demonstrou que a afinidade entre as moléculas apolares do OEPR e os componentes lipídicos do queijo permite a migração do OE do interior do polímero para a superfície facilitando sua dispersão no alimento, indicando favorável sua aplicação como embalagem ativa.
The use of natural preservatives as well as active packaging has sparked interest in the food industry. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antimicrobial characteristics of the essential oil of pink pepper (PPEO) and to use it as an active component in the elaboration of films for application in the development of bioconservant packaging for food. Through the chromatographic analysis (GC/MS) 18 compounds, 4 monoterpenes and 14 sesquiterpenes were detected, of which β- myrcene (41%), β-cuvebene (12%) and Limonene (9%) were the majority. In the antimicrobial activity of PPEO in agar and broth, action was observed against five pathogenic bacteria. The MIC for S. aureus and L. monocytogenes was 0.68 and 1.36 mg/mL, and the MBC was 2.72 mg/mL for both. In micro-atmosphere the reduction was 100% in the development of S. aureus and L. monocytogenes, and 16 and 15% for E. coli and S. Typhimurium. The contact time required for MBC to act on Gram positive bacteria was lower than the 12 h period, and Gram negative bacteria were not inhibited. In addition, changes in the permeability and integrity of the cytoplasmic membrane of all evaluated bacteria were observed, indicating that damage in the cellular envelope is one of its mechanisms of action. PPEO was applied as an active component in cellulose acetate films evaluated in vitro (agar, broth and micro-atmosphere) and in situ (sliced mozzarella cheese) against pathogenic bacteria. It was found that concentrations of 2, 4 and 6% PPEO in the polymer matrix conferred activity on all média evaluated against L. monocytogenes and S. aureus. Escherichia coli was sensitive in liquid medium and in microatmosphere, while S. Typhimurium showed no sensitivity to antibacterial films. In situ inhibition has demonstrated that the affinity between the OEPR apolar molecules and the lipid components of the cheese allows migration of the OE from the interior of the polymer to the surface and facilitates its dispersion in the food, indicating its favorable application as an active packaging. Keywords: Essential oil; Antibacterial activity;

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Martins, Bruno Leonardo Canto. "Sobre a rela??o entre rota??o, atividade crosmosf?rica e abund?ncia de l?tio em estrelas subgigantes." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2003. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16588.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
A conex?o entre rota??o, fluxo de emiss?o de Call e abund?ncia de l?tio ? analisada para uma amostra de estrelas subgigantes, cujo status evolucion?rio foi determinado a partir do c?digo de Tolouse-Geneve e de suas medidas trigonom?tricas de paralaxe do HIP-PARCOS. Observamos que a distribui??o da rota??o e do fluxo de emiss?o de Call, como fun??o da temperatura efetiva, mostra uma descontinuidade localizada em torno do mesmo tipo espectral, F8IV. Estrelas localizadas no lado azul deste tipo espectral exibem uma elevada dispers?o nos valores de rota??o e de fluxo de Call, enquanto que estrelas localizadas no lado vermelho de F8IV mostram essencialmente baixa rota??o e baixo fluxo de Call. A intensidade deste decl?nio, entretanto, depende da massa estrelar. A distribui??o das abund?ncias de l?tio tamb?m apresenta uma descontinuidade, por?m, com um comportamento um pouco mais complexo. Para subgigantes com massa menor ou em torno de 1.2 Mo, esse decl?nio ? observado mais tarde do que aquele na rota??o e no fluxo de Call, enquanto que para massas maiores do que 1.2 Mo decrescimento na abund?ncia do l?tio ? localizado ao redor do tipo espectral F8IV. A discrep?ncia entre a localiza??o das descontinuidades da rota??o e da emiss?o do fluxo de Call e do log⁡〖n(Li) 〗, para estrelas com massas menores do que 1.2 Mo, parece refletir a sensibilidade dos fen?menos em rela??o ? massa da envolt?ria convectiva. A diminui??o abrupta na rota??o, que resulta principalmente de uma desacelera??o magn?tica, requer um aumento na massa da envolt?ria convectiva menor do que o requerido para o decrescimento nas abund?ncias de l?tio. A localiza??o da descontinuidade em log⁡n(Li), na mesma regi?o das descontinuidades na rota??o e na emiss?o de fluxo de Call para estrelas com massas maiores do que 1.2 M, pode tamb?m ser explicada atrav?s do comportamento da profundidade da envolt?ria convectiva. Em contraste com a rela??o entre rota??o e fluxo de Call, a rela??o entre abund?ncia de l?tio e rota??o mostra uma tend?ncia n?o muito clara para um comportamento linear. Similarmente, a mesma tend?ncia ? observada na rela??o entre abund?ncia de l?tio e fluxo de Call. Apesar destes fatos, subgigantes com alto conte?do de l?tio tamb?m possuem alta rota??o e alta emiss?o de fluxo de Call. Observamos tamb?m que estrelas com alto conte?do de l?tio apresentam, em sua maioria, uma envolt?ria convectiva pouco desenvolvida, enquanto que estrelas com baixo conte?do de l?tio possuem uma envolt?ria convectiva bastante desenvolvida. No caso da rota??o, estrelas com a envolt?ria convectiva pouco desenvolvida apresentam velocidades rotacionais tanto altas como baixas, enquanto que estrelas com a envolt?ria convectiva bem desenvolvida apresentam apenas baixa rota??o

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Pinto, Sara Vanessa Almeida. "Flores edíveis como novo conceito de novos alimentos para a promoção da saúde." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/5842.

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Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de licenciada em Ciências da Nutrição
Atualmente muitas espécies de plantas que produzem flores já fazem parte da alimentação humana, em particular, as pétalas e sépalas edíveis. Habituais na cozinha desde a Antiguidade, em países como China, México, Brasil, Canadá, França, EUA e Grécia, o uso das flores não têm sido usual no nosso país. No entanto, com as novas tendências de recuperar os sabores agridoces e das múltiplas variantes da cozinha de fusão, as flores tornam-se ingredientes muito apreciados. É importante ter em consideração que nem todas as flores são comestíveis e para além da identificação das mesmas, é importante saber como foram produzidas pois, por exemplo, as flores para decoração ornamental não devem ser utilizadas para consumo humano, uma vez que não têm em consideração as regras de segurança alimentar. Por esses motivos, este trabalho experimental teve como objetivo estudar o teor de compostos não-nutrientes de diferentes flores cultivadas para consumo: calêndula (Calendula officinalis L.), camélia (Camellia japonica L.) e rosa (Rosa canina L.) bem como avaliar a atividade antioxidante das mesmas. Os resultados obtidos, no que respeita aos teores de compostos bioativos e atividade antioxidante (DPPH•) mostraram-se correlacionados e promissores, verificando-se diferenças significativas entre as amostras (p <0,001). A C. officinalis apresentou o teor superior de fenólicos totais e carotenoides (35,4 mg GAE/ g e 15,6 mg/g, respetivamente). Em contrapartida, o maior teor de flavonoides foi observado nas pétalas de rosa (94,5 mg ECE/ g). Relativamente à correlação entre os compostos bioativos e a atividade antioxidante, foi observada uma forte correlação entre a atividade antioxidante e os fenólicos totais (rs = 0,917, p = 0,001) e carotenoides (rs = 0,900, p = 0,001), sendo que para os flavonoides, a mesma não foi tão relevante. Estas descobertas podem ter aplicações práticas no que diz respeito ao aproveitamento das flores edíveis, como ingredientes em géneros alimentares.
Currently many species of flowering plants are already part of the human diet, in particular, the edible petals and sepals. Usual in the kitchen since ancient times in countries like China, Mexico, Brazil, Canada, France, USA and Greece, the use of flowers have not been usual in our country. However, with the new trends to recover the bittersweet flavors and multiple variants of fusion cuisine, the flowers become highly prized ingredients. It’s important to note that not all flowers are edible and beyond their identification, it’s important to know how were produced as, for example, flowers for ornamental decoration, should not be used for human consumption, since they do not take into account the food safety rules. For this reasons, this experimental work aimed study the content of non-nutrients compounds of different flowers grown for consumption: calendula (Calendula officinalis L.), camellia (Camellia japonica L.) and rose (Rosa canina L.) and evaluate the antioxidant activity of them. The results obtained with regard to the content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity (DPPH•) showed promising and correlated, verifying significant differences between the samples (p <0.001). C. officinalis showed higher carotenoid content and total phenolics (35.4 mg GAE/ g and 15.6 mg/ g, respectively). In contrast, the higher flavonoid content was obtained in rose petals (94.5 mg ECE/ g). Regarding to the correlation between bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity, a strong correlation was observed between antioxidant activity and total phenolics (rs = 0.917, p = 0.001) and carotenoids (rs = 0.900, p = 0.001), and for the flavonoids, it was not so relevant. These findings may have practical applications regarding the enhancement of edible flowers, such as ingredients in foodstuffs.
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Ďubašáková, Mária. "Bioaktivní látky růže šípkové." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-376829.

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The aim of this master´s thesis was to determine the concentration of bioactive substances such as total polyphenols and flavonoids as well as the total antioxidant capacity in tea extracts from Rosa canina. In the second part, an experiment was found to detect antimicrobial activity and an effective concentration of ethanol against selected bacteria. The theoretical part is focused on description of natural antioxidants and their effect on free radicals, description of tea, description of rose hazel and possibilities of spectrophotometric determination of natural substances and eventually basic distribution of bacteria. In the experimental part, ethanol and aqueous extracts were prepared in which the total number of polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant effects. The results of the determination of polyphenols and flavonoids show that the solvent with ethanol is more suitable for flower fermentation and water is more suitable for dropping the rose. Comparison of the antioxidant activity of macerates showed no significant differences; slightly higher antioxidant activity showed macerates from pink flowers. The extracts showed antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus and slightly against Bacillus cereus. The highest antimicrobial activity was determined for the micrococcus luteus

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34

Elliott, Simon. "Change and continuity in the exploitation of natural resources (such as stone, iron, clay and wood) in the principal areas of industrial activity in Kent (namely the Weald, Folkestone region and upper Medway Valley) during the Roman occupation." Thesis, University of Kent, 2017. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/61960/.

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Kent was a key component of Roman Britain, featuring aspects it held in common with the rest of this north-western fringe of Empire, but also elements unique to the region. With economic activity for much of the occupation concentrated in three specific areas - the industrial zone of the Weald, a region ranging from Canterbury to Folkestone on the Channel coast, and the upper Medway Valley - the area covered by the modern county was particularly important for the exploitation of natural resources. These included ferrous-ores for iron production in the Weald, greensands for quern production around Folkestone and ragstone quarrying in the upper Medway Valley (the latter providing much of the building stone used in the occupation-period South East). This study brings together a wide range of research findings to present a picture of the economic use and associated organisation of this landscape. The study shows there to have been a hitherto unrecognized depth of economic exploitation, demonstrated by the variety of evidence types assembled in these pages. These activities had an important role within the Imperial, commercial and personal agendas of the time, with the thesis aiming to address the question of how and why these enterprises were brought into being in the area of Kent, and their links to wider spheres within the Empire. Establishing the details of change and continuity regarding this exploitation provides a unique insight into the narrative of Roman Britain. It also allows some specific themes and theories to be explored, informing our wider knowledge of the occupation. These include the concept of the region as being more militarised than a 'normal' civitas, the links between elite settlement, individual agency and industry, the changing balance of importance between industry and agriculture, and what remained of Romanitas in Kent at the end of the occupation.

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Levene, Clare. "Advanced Raman, SERS, and ROA studies of biomedical and pharmaceutical compounds in solution." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/advanced-raman-sers-and-roa-studies-of-biomedical-and-pharmaceutical-compounds-in-solution(1c05f618-b1c2-4663-870a-3d51b32dad7b).html.

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The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the combination of experimental and computational methods in the search for reproducible colloidal surface-enhanced Raman scattering of pharmaceutical compounds. In the search for optimal experimental conditions for colloidal surface-enhance Raman scattering, the amphipathic β-blocker propranolol was used as the target molecule. Fractional factorial designs of experiments were performed and a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm was used to find acceptable solutions, from the results, that were Pareto ranked. The multiobjective evolutionary algorithm suggested solutions outside of the fractional factorial design and the experiments were then performed in the laboratory. The results observed from the suggested solutions agreed with the solutions that were found on the Pareto front. One of the experimental conditions observed on the Pareto front was then used to determine the practical limit of detection of propranolol. The experimental conditions that were chosen for the limit of detection took into account reproducibility and enhancement, the two most important parameters for analytical detection using surface-enhanced Raman scattering. The principal conclusion to this study was that the combination of computational and experimental methods can reduce the need for experiments by > 96% and then selecting solutions from the Pareto front improved limit of detection by a factor of 24.5 when it was compared to the previously reported limit of detection for propranolol. Using the same experimental conditions that were used for the limit of detection, these experiments were extended to plasma spiked with propranolol in order to test detection of this pharmaceutical in biofluids. Concentrations of propranolol were prepared using plasma as the solvent and measured for detection using colloidal surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Detection was determined as <130 ng/mL, within physiological concentrations, previously achieved using separation techniques. The second part of this thesis also involved a combination of experimental and computational methods. Raman optical activity was utilized to investigate secondary structure of amino acids and diamino acid peptides in combination with density functional theory calculations. Amino acids are important biological molecules that have vital functions in the biological system. They have been recognized as neurotransmitters and implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. Raman and Raman optical activity experimental results were compared to determine site-specific acetylation, marker bands for constitutional isomers and identification of functional groups that interact with the solvent. The experimental spectra were then compared to those from the density functional theory calculations. The results indicated that; constitutional isomers cannot be distinguished from the Raman spectra but can be distinguished from the Raman optical activity spectra, site-specific acetylation can be identified from the Raman spectra, however, Raman optical activity provides more structural information in relation to acetylation. When the results were compared to the density functional theory calculations for the diamino acid peptides the results agreed reasonably well, however, agreement was not as good for the monoamino acids because diamino acid peptides support fewer conformations due to the peptide bond whereas monoamino acids can adopt a far greater number of conformations. Combined computational and experimental techniques have developed the ability to detect and characterize biomedical compounds, a significant move in the advancement of Raman spectroscopies.

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Ostovar, Pour Saeideh. "Advanced vibrational spectroscopic studies of biological molecules." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/advanced-vibrational-spectroscopic-studies-of-biological-molecules(2e77df15-e7e0-4def-85f4-da996fbb6671).html.

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Raman optical activity (ROA) is a powerful probe of the structure and behaviour of biomolecules in aqueous solution for a number of important problems in molecular biology. Although ROA is a very sensitive technique for studying biological samples, it is a very weak effect and the conditions of high concentration and long data collection time required limit its application for a wide range of biological samples. These limitations could possibly be overcome using the principle of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The combination of ROA with SERS in the form of surface enhanced ROA (SEROA) could be a solution for widening the application of ROA. In the last few years, the generation of reliable SEROA spectra of biomolecules has been problematic due to non-homogenous colloidal systems forming and low signal-to-noise ratios which complicated detection of the true SEROA signal from the analyte. L- and D-enantiomers give full or partially mirror image chiroptical spectra, this property of enantiomers can be employed to prove the chiroptical activity of the SEROA technique. In this thesis we employed a hydrophilic polycarbopol polymer as stabilising media which has led to the first report of mirror image SEROA bands for enantiomeric structures. This new technique of incorporating the hydrogel polymer as a means to stabilise the colloidal system has proven to be reliable in obtaining high quality SEROA spectra of D- and L-enantiomers of ribose and tryptophan. In an extension of the hydrogel-stabilised SEROA work, we also demonstrate that single nanoparticle plasmonic substrate such as silver silica nanotags can enhance the weak ROA effect. These dye tagged silica coated silver nanoparticles have enabled a chiral response to be transmitted from a chiral analyte to the plasmon resonance of an achiral metallic nanostructure. The measurement of mirror image SERROA bands for the two enantiomers of each of ribose and tryptophan was confirmed for this system. The generation of SEROA for both systems was achieved and confirmed SEROA as a new sensitive tool for analysis of biomolecular structure. In a related project, Raman and ROA spectra were measured for adenosine and seven of its derivative ribonucleotides. Both of these spectroscopic techniques are shown to be sensitive to the site and degree of phosphorylation, with a considerable number of marker bands being identified for these ribonucleotides. Moreover, the SERS studies of these ribonucleotides were also performed. The obtained SERS spectra were shown similar features that confirm these analytes interact with the surface in a similar manner, hence limiting the structural sensitivity of this method towards phosphate position. Short dipeptides such as diketopiperazine (DKP) have been investigated during the last decades as both natural and synthetic DKPs have a wide variety of biological activities. Raman and ROA spectra of linear and cyclic dialanine and diserine were measured to charecterize their solution structures. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out by a collaborator to assist in making vibrational band assignments. Considerable differences were observed between the ROA bands for the cyclic and linear forms of both dialanine and diserine that reflect large differences in the vibrational modes of the polypeptide backbone upon cyclicization. In this study, the ROA spectra of cyclic dialanine and diserine have been reported for the first time which demonstrated that ROA spectroscopy when utilised in combination with computational modelling clearly provides a potential tool for characterization of cyclic peptides.

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Carpentras, Fabien. "Le cinéma comme moyen de contestation de l'"idéologie dominante" : vers une relecture du sens accordé à l’utilisation de la technique du plan-séquence dans le cinéma japonais à travers la mise en perspective d’une partie de la trajectoire cinématographique de Sômai Shinji 相米慎二 et de son passé d’activiste politique." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30056.

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Le présent travail, en analysant la trajectoire biographique du réalisateur japonais Sômai Shinji de son passage dans les mouvements de contestation de la Nouvelle gauche à ses premiers films tournés dans les années quatre-vingt, se veut une étude critique sur le sens généralement accordé à l’utilisation de la technique dite du « plan-séquence » dans le contexte du cinéma japonais. Le plan-séquence est une méthode de mise en scène que différents auteurs occidentaux, de Noël Burch à Donald Richie, ont régulièrement qualifié d’ « essentiellement » japonaise tant elle semble selon eux présenter une utilisation de l’espace qui la rapproche des arts de représentation traditionnels comme le théâtre kabuki ou la peinture de Heian. En mettant en évidence les fonctions de contestation et de résistance que cette technique joue dans l’esthétique des films de Sômai Shinji, activiste de la Quatrième internationale japonaise de 1967 à 1971, nous démontrons que le jugement selon lequel le plan-séquence découlerait d’une sensibilité propre au peuple japonais－en effet, d’une « japonité »－est pour le moins à revoir. Sômai, de par son passé politique, est un réalisateur qui est constamment en lutte avec les valeurs de ce que nous appelons l’ « idéologie dominante », si bien que sa trajectoire ne peut se comprendre qu’en tenant compte des notions de conflits et de contradictions, bien loin de l’image lisse et homogène du peuple japonais dont nous abreuve un certain discours. Au-delà de la relecture du sens accordé à l’usage de la technique du plan-séquence－à laquelle nous associons rapidement des cinéastes comme Mizoguchi Kenji ou Sone Chûsei－, cette thèse soulève donc certaines interrogations sur la perception que nous avons, à travers les médias audiovisuels, de la nation comme entité homogène et fixée dans le temps
The present work, while examining the biographical trajectory of Japanese filmmaker Sômai Shinji from his past in the Japanese New Left to his first movies made in the 80s, is aimed at being a critical study of the significance regarding the use of the technique called “one scene-one shot” generally admitted in the context of Japanese cinema. The one scene-one shot is a method of mise-en-scène considered by several non-Japanese authors, like Noël Burch or Donald Richie, to be “essentially” Japanese because of what they think to be similarities with methods of representation usually found in kabuki theatre and Heian paintings. While we enhance the functions of protest and resistance this technique plays in the aesthetic of Sômai Shinji－who was an activist of the Japanese Fourth International from 1967 to 1971－films, we assess that the argument regarding the one scene-one shot as a method of filming particular to the Japanese sensibility－indeed, an expression of “Japaneseness”－is at best to be reconsidered. Sômai, because of his political past, was a filmmaker constantly struggling with the values of what we call the “dominant ideology”. His work cannot properly be understood unless we put the notions of conflicts and contradictions at the core of our analysis, departing from the traditionally peaceful and homogenous image that certain discourses usually express regarding the Japanese people. Beyond a reexamination of the significance traditionally given to the use of the one scene-one shot in the context of Japanese cinema－to which we associate filmmakers such as Mizoguchi Kenji and Sone Chûsei－, this dissertation questions the images of the nation, expressed through audiovisual means, as a homogenous and fixed community

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Legendre, Agathe. "Le mobilier funéraire d'Hector de Troie dans les enluminures médiévales : entre traditions et merveilles." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69525.

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Le personnage d'Hector, guerrier troyen, est aussi l'un des Neuf Preux ayant marqué l'imaginaire de l'aristocratie laïque du Moyen Âge. Le héros, malgré sa mort prématurée dans le récit, joue un rôle de premier plan dans le Roman de Troie. Écrit vers 1160 par le clerc français Benoît de Sainte-Maure, ce texte appartient à la catégorie des romans antiques qui se développe au XIIe siècle en reprenant des textes épiques de l'Antiquité. Les romans antiques se caractérisent notamment par la présence d'ekphraseis qui relèvent du topos littéraire de la merveille médiévale, particulièrement apprécié au sein de l'élite laïque. Le Roman de Troie constitue en quelque sorte le fondement sur lequel se basent plusieurs autres auteurs de la fin du Moyen Âge pour remanier la matière troyenne, qui relève évidemment du monde païen. De cette tradition littéraire, nous avons choisi de traiter du motif ekphrastique de l'exposition du cadavre d'Hector dans son tombeau merveilleux. Ce motif a été enluminé à plusieurs reprises et ce, dans divers manuscrits datant de la période allant de la fin du XIIIe siècle au début du XVIe siècle. Le but de notre recherche est d'interroger, dans la logique de la relation image-texte (approche), la nature de la relation entre la représentation iconographique et sa description en réfléchissant aux relations entre les traditions funéraires de l'Occident chrétien et le topos littéraire de la merveille. En d'autres termes, nous tentons de cerner les « solutions » choisies pour négocier les tensions entre la tradition chrétienne et l'imaginaire profane (problématique). Le premier chapitre est dévolu à la présentation de notre corpus varié, à l'élaboration du bilan historiographique et à la présentation de la méthodologie, soit une analyse sérielle d'un corpus d'images tendant vers l'exhaustivité. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous interrogeons la première sous-catégorie de notre corpus : plusieurs enluminures évacuent le tombeau au profit d'un cercueil conventionnel. Nous démontrons que ces représentations, dans l'optique d'une économie du processus de création, s'inscrivent dans l'iconographie et la réalité des rituels chrétiens traditionnels. Le troisième chapitre concerne la deuxième sous-catégorie de notre corpus, soit les enluminures qui figurent directement le tombeau ekphrastique. Elles sont le fruit de processus de création diversifiés et inventifs, dont la majorité produit des représentations à caractère hybride. Ces dernières font coïncider la typologie réelle des monuments funéraires et les données merveilleuses de l'ekphrasis en soulignant la symbolique princière, sainte et païenne du héros. Quelques tombeaux enluminés prennent aussi une apparence inédite. Nous observons que, dans l'ensemble, l'origine géographique des oeuvres a une influence importante sur le rendu iconographique du tombeau et des personnages. Enfin, l'ultime chapitre se concentre plus spécifiquement sur le cadavre exposé d'Hector et/ou son effigie ressemblante. Nous avons l'intuition que les représentations enluminées ne sont pas étrangères à certaines conceptions symboliques du corps (ou de sa représentation) au Moyen Âge. Tout en démontrant que notre corpus reflète les mondes religieux, politique, culturel et imaginaire de ses producteurs, nous contribuons à la recherche encore naissante sur l'iconographie du topos littéraire de la merveille médiévale.

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Novaes, Karla Teixeira Farias de. "Síntese de derivados do megazol, com potencial atividade tripanosomicida." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9135/tde-18122017-100516/.

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Este projeto visa à obtenção do megazol e de seus derivados, que possam ser comparados quanto a sua atividade biológica, no intuito de produzir um análogo mais potente e menos tóxico. O megazol, estrutura de interesse do trabalho proposto, foi sintetizado inicialmente em 1968 por Asato e Berkelhammer utilizando o 5-nitroirnidazol como material de partida. Nos anos 80, pesquisadores brasileiros da Fundação Instituto Oswaldo Cruz e do Centro René Rachou, devido a grande incidência da doença de Chagas no Brasil, relacionaram um grande número de substâncias químicas até então indicadas como ativas contra o Trypanosoma cruzi. Dentre estas substâncias, o megazol foi o que apresentou um grande interesse, pois em testes \"in vivo\" em ratos mostrou um efeito curativo significativo, em dose única. A partir daí, estudos desta molécula e análogos tornaram-se imprescindíveis, no intuito de determinar o mecanismo de ação desta estrutura e seus potenciais efeitos tóxicos. A rota de síntese utilizada como enfoque foi a descrita por Albuquerque em 1995 e otimizada por Moretto em 2001. No presente trabalho, obtiveram-se seis derivados do megazol a partir da modificação da função amina ligada ao anel 1,3,4 tiadiazólico. Uma destas modificações foi realizada pela sua reação com cloretos ou anidridos de ácidos, outra foi a partir da diazotação e substituição pelo átomo de cloro, e a substituição do cloro pelo metoxi. Os derivados obtidos foram testados em culturas de células Vero infectadas com Trypanosoma cruzi e analisados em relação ao índice de infecção do parasita. Até o presente momento três compostos mostraram-se tão ativos quanto ao megazol. Os dados obtidos serão empregados para ampliar não só O estudo de novos fármacos anti-chagásicos, mas também para uma melhor compreensão dos processos químicos envolvidos na síntese de intermediários do tipo 5-nitroirnidazóis.
This project aims the synthesis of megazol and some derivatives, with more powerful and better biological activity. Megazol, the chemical structure of interest in this work, was synthesized initially in 1968 for Asato and Berkelhammer using 5-nitroimidazol as a starting material. In years 80, Brazilian researchers of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute Foundation and René Rachou Center, had related a great number of chemical substances active against the Trypanosoma cruzi, illness very common in Brazil One of these substances, the megazol, presented a great interest, as the tests \"in vivo\" in rats showed significant curative effect, in only one dose. As a result of this biological test, more accurate studies of the analogous molecules had become essential, in intention to determine the mechanism of action of this structure and its potential toxic effect. The synthesis route was that described by Albuquerque in 1995, and optimized by Moretto in 2001. In the present work, six derivatives of megazol resulted from the chemical modification from the amine of 1,3,4 thiadiazolic ring. One of these modifications was made by the reaction with anhydrides, chlorides or acids; another one was from the diazotation and substitution by the chlorine atom, and the substitution of chlorine by the methoxy group. The gotten derivatives had been tested in cultures of Vero cells infected with Trypanosoma cruzi and analyzed in relation to the parasite infection index. Until now three compounds presented a higher activity than megazol. The gotten data will be used not only for extend the study of new drugs against the Trypanosoma cruzi, but also for better understanding of the involved chemical processes in the 5-nitroimidazoles intermediate synthesis.

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Pinheiro, Mario Doraci. "L'église s'engage dans la politique." Thesis, Paris 9, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA090033.

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Cette thèse a pour but d’analyser l’engagement institutionnel de l’Église catholique et des groupes pentecôtistes sur le terrain politique et agraire du Brésil à partir de l’organisation de la Conférence nationale des évêques du Brésil (CNBB) en 1952. Nous discutons la façon dont l’Église catholique commence la lutte d’abord pour « alphabétiser » et « rapprocher » ses fidèles perdus par l’idéologie socialiste développée par les ligues paysannes, puis pour empêcher l’accroissement du front communiste dans les campagnes. L’engagement social de l’Église catholique n’est pas désintéressé car les militaires brésiliens, avec l’aide américaine, déclarent le « coup d’État » en 1964. L’Église catholique brésilienne se divise en deux pôles, progressiste et conservateur. Le côté progressiste de la théologie de la libération se voit empêché et interdit par Rome. Mais cette minorité religieuse arrive à créer la Commission pastorale de la terre (CPT) qui contribuera au retour de la démocratie, à la création du Parti des travailleurs (PT) en 1980, considéré alors comme le parti de Dieu, et du Mouvement des paysans sans terre en 1984
This thesis aims to analyse the institutional engagement of the Roman Catholic Church and other Pentecostal groups, regarding the land reform and agrarian policies launched in Brazil after the organisation of the Brazil’s Conference of Catholic Bishops (CNBB) held in 1952. We underline that it is necessary to highlight the way how the Roman Catholic Church started its actions by “teaching to read and write” and “recovering” their members those who were dragged into the socialist ideology developed by peasant’s leagues, in order to prevent the growing of the communist front in the countryside. At that time, the catholic’s social movement objectives were under eminent danger, due the Brazilian army aided by the U.S. government, declared a coup in 1964. The Roman Catholic Church in Brazil is divided into two wings: a left and a conservative. The left wing has launched the “Liberation Theology” prohibited by the head of the church in Rome. However, this religious left minority succeeded by organizing the Land’s Pastoral Commission, which contributed to the return of democracy, as well as the organization of the Worker’s Party in 1980, considered by the believers as the God’s will and the foundation of the Landless Worker’s Movement in 1984

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Sikora, Petr. "Podnikatelský záměr." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221956.

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This diploma work considers financial strategy of a company on financial analysis basis. Financial analysis evaluates past, present and expected future of the financial economy of the company. On the basis of these issues solutions for an improvement of the financial situation of the company as whole are suggested as well as in specific investment project.

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Mahéo, Olivier. "« Divided we stand » ˸ tensions et clivages au sein des mouvements de libération noire, du New Deal au Black Power." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA113.

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Cette thèse espère contribuer au dépassement du récit dominant qui a longtemps marqué l’historiographie du mouvement des droits civiques. Différents mécanismes de production du consensus, tant externes au mouvement qu’internes, ont contribué à masquer les tensions qui le traversaient et à le délimiter étroitement autour du seul aspect racial. Ce récit unifiait artificiellement la minorité noire en minorant les clivages de classe, de genre, les tensions générationnelles ou spatiales qui préexistaient aux années 1960 et en limitant les objectifs de ces mobilisations à la revendication de l’égalité des droits raciaux. Par ailleurs le maccarthysme et le triomphe du consensus libéral ont marginalisé la gauche noire et relégué les femmes à l’arrière-plan. Marginalisés en tant que forces politiques, les courants radicaux et les femmes ont aussi été d’abord effacés du récit historique. Cette représentation restrictive du mouvement des droits civiques a pu s’intégrer au récit national américain, aux dépens des voix radicales discordantes et du Nationalisme Noir de la période postérieure à 1966. Cependant ces clivages préexistaient : ce travail s’inscrit dans la perspective d’une histoire longue du mouvement des droits civiques qui met l’accent sur les continuités qui, des années 1930 aux années 1970, lient les générations entre elles. Il s’agit alors de dépasser les limites chronologiques traditionnelles et les clivages spatiaux qui opposent un Nord et un Sud essentialisés pour se situer à l’échelle locale, à la hauteur des militants dans la multiplicité des mouvements locaux. Nos sources en majorité autobiographiques, mais aussi photographiques, permettent de rendre compte de l’écart entre les militants locaux et leurs leaders nationaux du New Deal au Black Power. Les autobiographies militantes constituent des contre-récits qui remettent en question le récit dominant et dévoilent les tensions politiques et les projets minoritaires : ceux de la gauche noire, mais aussi les clivages genrés, générationnels ou spatiaux. Les revendications économiques et féministes de même qu’une dimension internationale sont aussi mis en lumière. La photographie de presse participe à cet effacement des clivages, par l’iconisation de figures célèbres. Malgré le maccarthysme, les thèmes et les idées de la gauche noire perdurent pourtant par le biais de l’image. Cette thèse tente de redonner leurs voix aux leaders anonymes du mouvement, à ceux dont les idées ont été masquées ou déformées et qui témoignent de la complexité d’un combat où classe, genre et race sont liés mais aussi en concurrence
In this dissertation I hope to contribute to the criticism of the dominant narrative that has long been at the center of the historiography of the black liberation movement. Different consensus-building mechanisms, both external and internal to the movement, masked its tensions and tended to delineate it exclusively around race. This narrative artificially unified the black mi-nority by mostly obliterating the movement’s class divisions as well as the gender, generation-al, and spatial tensions, that existed prior to the 1960s, and by limiting its objectives to the demand for legal rights. Furthermore, McCarthyism and the triumph of the liberal consensus marginalized the black left and relegated women to the background while politically radical currents and the demands of women were also erased from the historical narrative. This nar-row vision of the black liberation movement was integrated into the US national narrative at the expense of the discordant voices of radicalization and Black Nationalism of the post-1966 era. This work adopts the perspective of a long civil rights movement by focusing on the con-tinuities that linked various generations, from the 1930s to the 1970s, thus going beyond the traditional and the spatial divides, which oppose an essentialized regional divide between North and South in the dominant narrative to focus instead on the diversity of local movements The sources used focus on autobiographies and on photography, making it possible to account for the differences in point of view between local activists and their national leaders, from the years of the New Deal to the Black Power era. Militant autobiographies constitute counter-narratives that challenge the master narrative and reveal political tensions and minority projects, including those of the black left; they also point to gendered, generational and spatial divides as well as to economic and feminist demands, and they show the international dimen-sion of the black liberation movement. Mainstream photography participated in the erasure of the tensions in the movement through the iconization of famous figures. Still, in spite of McCarthyism, the themes and ideas of the black left are visible through their own images. With such sources, this doctoral dissertation attempts to give voice to the anonymous leaders of the movement, to those whose ideas have been masked or distorted and whose testimony testifies to the complexity of a struggle where class, gender and race both concur and compete

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Motyka, Paweł. "Informacyjna rola sensomotorycznych stanów ciała w kształtowaniu treści świadomości wzrokowej." Doctoral thesis, 2022. https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/4129.

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Gdy dwa różne obrazy prezentowane są oddzielnie do każdego oka, dochodzi do ich naprzemiennego pojawiania się w świadomości (tzw. rywalizacji obuocznej). Dotychczasowe badania wykazały, że dodatkowa ekspozycja na sygnały pochodzące z innych zmysłów wydłużać może czas postrzegania zgodnych z nimi obrazów. Pomimo wykształconej zdolności do przewidywania percepcyjnych skutków własnych działań, dowody na rzecz analogicznego wpływu aktywności sensomotorycznej na świadomość wzrokową są skąpe i pochodzą głównie z badań nad manualnymi ruchami dłoni. Celem prezentowanego projektu było sprawdzenie, czy całościowy ruch ciała zwiększać może dostępność percepcyjną zgodnych z nim bodźców podczas rywalizacji obuocznej. W serii przeprowadzonych badań osoby badane poruszały się na bieżni w różnych kierunkach oraz z różną prędkością, obserwując realistyczne wizualizacje przemieszczania się w wirtualnym tunelu. Postawiono hipotezę, że przepływy optyczne zgodne z parametrami własnego ruchu postrzegane będą dłużej niż przepływy z nimi niezgodne. Przewidywano również, że efekty te będą silniejsze u osób o wyższym poziomie zdolności proprioceptywnych. Otrzymane wyniki nie wykazały efektu zwiększonej dostępności percepcyjnej przepływów optycznych zgodnych z kierunkiem chodu, wskazały natomiast na priorytetyzację przepływów optycznych zgodnych z jego prędkością. Nie zaobserwowano związku między miarami wrażliwości proprioceptywnej a podatnością na postrzeganie bodźców zgodnych z własnym ruchem. Uzyskane rezultaty są zbieżne z doniesieniami sugerującymi ograniczoną i selektywną rolę aktywności sensomotorycznej w kształtowaniu treści wrażeń wzrokowych – podczas gdy zgodność przestrzenna nie wydaje się odgrywać istotnej roli, obserwuje się preferencyjne przetwarzanie bodźców odzwierciedlających dynamikę własnych działań.
When two dissimilar images are presented separately to each eye, one experiences continuous alternations between them – a phenomenon known as binocular rivalry. Prior studies showed that exposure to signals from other senses can prolong the access of stimulation-congruent images to visual awareness. Even though we are able to infer expected sensory consequences from our own movements, evidence that sensorimotor activity has an analogous impact on visual awareness is scarce and mainly confined to research on manual actions. The goal of the project was to investigate whether global bodily movement can increase perceptual dominance of locomotion-consistent stimuli during binocular rivalry. In a series of studies, participants walked on a treadmill in different directions and at different speeds while viewing highly realistic visualizations of self-motion in a virtual tunnel. It had been hypothesized that optic flows congruent with the parameters of locomotion will be perceived for a longer period of time than incongruent flows. In addition, these effects were expected to be more pronounced in individuals with better proprioceptive abilities. The results did not show evidence for enhanced perceptual access to optic flows congruent with direction of walking, whereas they did indicate perceptual prioritization of optic flows that were consistent with velocity of self-motion. No association was found between measures of proprioceptive sensitivity and propensity to observe locomotion-consistent percepts. The main findings concur with the emerging evidence for the limited and selective role of sensorimotor activity in clarifying the contents of visual awareness – whereas spatial congruence does not seem to play a salient role, the preferential processing of stimuli coupled to the dynamics of one’s action is observed.

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Godlewska, Urszula. "Antybakteryjna rola chemeryny i jej bioaktywnych pochodnych w nabłonkach jamy ustnej i skóry." Praca doktorska, 2020. https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/279692.

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Tkanka nabłonkowa stanowi pierwszą linię obrony przed patogenami. Ze względu na pełnione funkcje jest wyposażona w wiele endogennych białek i peptydów, które odgrywają rolę w kontroli mikrobiomu i utrzymaniu homeostazy miejsc barierowych. Jednym z nich jest chemeryna, wielofunkcyjne białko związane ze stanem zapalnym, które działając jak czynnik antybakteryjny oraz chemotaktyczny może potencjalnie wspierać funkcję ochronną bariery nabłonkowej. Pochodzący z chemeryny, syntetyczny peptyd 4 (p4), który odpowiada wewnętrznej sekwencji chemeryny ($Val^{66}-Pro^{85}$) wykazuje szerokie spektrum działania przeciwdrobnoustrojowego. Głównym celem podjętych badań było określenie roli chemeryny i jej bioaktywnych pochodnych w ograniczaniu rozrostu bakterii zasiedlających tkanki nabłonkowe oraz scharakteryzowanie mechanizmów warunkujących wrażliwość/oporność bakterii na działanie peptydów chemerynowych. W niniejszej pracy opisano znaczenie chemeryny i jej antybakteryjnych pochodnych w jamie ustnej. Peptyd p4 wykazywał właściwości antybakteryjne względem niektórych bakterii, o strategicznym znaczeniu w procesie tworzenia biofilmu jamy ustnej, takich jak F. nucleatum. Bakterie te mogą wpływać na kolonizację jamy ustnej przez typowe mikroorganizmy patogenne. Uzyskane wyniki sugerują, że poprzez hamowanie wzrostu F. nucleatum, chemeryna i p4 mogą wspierać utrzymanie równowagi mikrobiomu jamy ustnej. Co więcej, chemeryna występująca w płynach ze szczelin dziąsłowych, izolowanych od pacjentów z zapaleniem przyzębia była w stanie indukować zależną od swojego receptora migrację leukocytów, co sugeruje również jej pośredni wpływ na mikroflorę jamy ustnej poprzez sprzyjanie napływowi komórek układu odporności. W pracy również wykazano, że dzięki różnicowej aktywności przeciwdrobnoustrojowej względem wybranych bakterii skórnych, chemeryna może wpływać na kształtowanie składu mikrobiomu skóry. Chemeryna i p4 charakteryzowały się podobnym "wzorem działania antybakteryjnego" wobec drobnoustrojów skóry, przy czym p4 wykazywał na ogół wyższy potencjał bakteriobójczy w porównaniu do chemeryny. Ponadto w badaniach nad cytotoksycznością p4 z wykorzystaniem keratynocytów i erytrocytów, udało się wykazać, że peptyd ten jest względnie bezpieczny dla komórek gospodarza. Dane te sugerują, iż p4 może być uznany za nowy czynnik przeciwdrobnoustrojowy w miejscach barierowych. W następnej części pracy podjęto próbę opisu mechanizmu działania p4 w celu poznania przyczyny odmiennej wrażliwości różnych gatunków bakterii na działanie peptydu. Dzięki zastosowaniu technik mikroskopii elektronowej wykazano, że celem ataku peptydu p4 była błona bakterii oraz inne komponenty wewnątrzkomórkowe. Główny mechanizm działania peptydu p4 wynikał z zaburzenia ciągłości i funkcji błony bakterii. W pracy określono rolę dodatnio naładowanych aminokwasów oraz cysteiny w sekwencji peptydu, w kształtowaniu przeciwdrobnoustrojowej aktywności p4. Zaprezentowano unikalny model interakcji miedzy składnikiem łańcucha oddechowego- cytochromem $bc_{1}$, a p4, który stymuluje zależną od mostków dwusiarczkowych dimeryzację p4 i zwiększa skuteczność działania peptydu. Na tej podstawie stwierdzono, że potencjał przeciwdrobnoustrojowy p4 można modulować w określonych warunkach. Dla przykładu, środowisko utleniające zwiększało aktywność p4, podczas gdy fenotyp fazy stacjonarnej sprzyjał oporności bakterii na działanie p4. Jak wiadomo, oprócz klasycznych strategii oporności na antybiotyki, do których zalicza się m.in. wytwarzanie enzymów inaktywujących lub pomp aktywnie usuwających antybiotyki z komórki (efflux), bakterie mogą generować tolerancję lub odporność na warunki stresowe poprzez przeprogramowanie metabolizmu komórkowego i spowolnienie wzrostu. W rezultacie wolno rosnące komórki są bardziej odporne na trudne warunki, w tym na obecność w środowisku p4. RpoS jest kluczowym czynnikiem transkrypcyjnym, który reguluje odpowiedź stresową u E. coli, ulegającym ekspresji głównie w fazie stacjonarnej. Na podstawie przytoczonych danych postawiono hipotezę, że mechanizm odporności na p4 może się opierać na zależnym od RpoS spowolnieniu wzrostu. Pozbawienie E. coli funkcjonalnego RpoS za pomocą modyfikacji genetycznych spowodowało spadek oporności na p4 tylko u bakterii występujących w fazie stacjonarnej. Co więcej, obecność RpoS ograniczała wiązanie p4 z powierzchnią bakterii. Wyniki te wskazują na istnienie zależnego od RpoS mechanizmu oporności bakterii na peptyd chemerynowy, który polega między innymi na blokowaniu interakcji pomiędzy p4 i komórką bakteryjną. Podsumowując, badania przedstawione w tej rozprawie pozwalają na lepsze zrozumienie roli chemeryny i jej pochodnych w kontrolowaniu liczebności i składu drobnoustrojów w jamie ustnej oraz skórze. Przeprowadzone badania doprowadziły do opisania modelu działania peptydu p4 oraz potencjalnego mechanizmu oporności bakteryjnej na p4. Biorąc pod uwagę fakt, że p4 może hamować wzrost szczepów opornych na antybiotyki, w tym metycylinoopornych S. aureus, peptyd ten może w przyszłości stanowić alternatywę dla tradycyjnych leków o działaniu antybakteryjnym.
The epithelium provides an important, first line of defense against pathogens. Epithelial tissue is equipped with many endogenous proteins and peptides, that play a central role in controlling the microbiome and maintaining the homeostasis of the body's barrier sites. These include chemerin, a multifunctional protein associated with inflammation, that likely facilitates protective epithelial barrier function, through acting as an antimicrobial agent and a leukocyte chemoattractant. Chemerin-derived synthetic peptide 4 (p4), that corresponds to internal $Val^{66}-Pro^{85}$ chemerin sequence demonstrates a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. The main goal of this study was to examine the role of chemerin and its bioactive derivatives in limiting the growth of bacteria that inhabit the epithelial tissues, and to characterize the mechanisms underlying the sensitivity/resistance of bacteria to chemerin-derived peptides. First, we set to determine a role of chemerin and a chemerin-derived antimicrobial peptide p4 in oral cavity. Peptide p4 was found to act as an antimicrobial agent against a defined spectrum of bacteria, strategically positioned in dental biofilm, like F. nucleatum. These bacteria enable the typical periodontal pathogens to colonize the oral cavity. Through inhibition of the growth of F. nucleatum, chemerin and p4 may help to maintain a healthy balance in the oral microbiota. Moreover, chemerin from gingival crevicular fluids of patients with gingivitis was capable of inducing receptor-dependent leukocyte migration, suggesting its indirect influence on shaping the oral microbiota through a recruitment of immune cells. In this study we also demonstrated that chemerin can modulate the composition, diversity and abundance of skin microbiome due to its differential antimicrobial activity against selected cutaneous bacteria. Although chemerin and p4 shared a similar pattern of antimicrobial activity against skin microbes, p4 displayed higher bactericidal potential, comparing to chemerin. Furthermore, in cytotoxicity experiments performed on keratinocytes and erythrocytes, we showed that p4 is relatively safe to host cells. These data suggest that p4 may be a therapeutic antimicrobial agent in barrier sites. To better understand strain-specific susceptibility to p4, we next focused on defining the mechanism by which the peptide controls microbial growth. Electron microscopy approaches revealed that p4 inhibits bacterial growth by targeting both the membrane and intracellular pathways. The main bactericidal mechanism of p4 action included the loss of membrane integrity and function. We demonstrated crucial role of positively charged amino acids and cysteine in the peptide amino acid sequence, in determining the antimicrobial activity of p4. We described unique crosstalk between cytochrome $bc_{1}$ and p4, that promotes cysteine-dependent dimerization and enhances effectiveness of p4. These data suggested that the antimicrobial potential of p4 can be modulated under specific condition. For example, oxidized environment can boost the p4 activity, whereas stationary phase phenotype can facilitate the development of bacterial resistance to p4. It is known that, in addition to the classical antibiotic resistance strategies, such as production of inactivating enzymes or efflux pumps, bacteria can generate tolerance or resistance to stress conditions through reprogramming cellular metabolism from fast to slow growth. As a consequence, slow growing cells are resistant to harsh conditions, including the p4-treated bacteria. RpoS is a key, stationary phase transcription factor, that regulates the general stress response in E. coli. In this work we proposed the mechanism of resistance to p4, based on RpoS-dependent transition from fast to slow growing phase. When E. coli cells were deprived of functional RpoS by using genetic modifications, the resistance to p4 was decreased only in bacteria from the stationary but not of logarithmic phase of growth. Furthermore, the presence of RpoS limited binding of p4 to the bacterial surface. These results indicate the existence of the RpoS-dependent mechanism of bacterial resistance to the chemerin-derived peptide, that includes blocking the interaction between p4 and the bacterial cell. In conclusion, the studies presented in this dissertation provide a better understanding of the role of chemerin and its derivatives in controlling the microbial composition in oral cavity and skin. We characterized the mode of bactericidal activity of p4, and described the potential mechanism of bacterial resistance to p4. Given that p4 can suppress the growth of antibiotic resistant strains, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus, this peptide seems to be a promising, therapeutic agent to combat resistant bacteria.

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Pollock, Antony James. "The emergence of the Roman politically interventionist legion in 88 BC : an integrated theory." Phd thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/155700.

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The conventional explanation, ancient and modern, for the emergence for the first time of the politically interventionist legion in the Roman Republic's history outside the southern Italian city of Nola in 88 BC, rests primarily on the idea that soldiers intervened in politics because of pecuniary self-interest: that is, what they could materially gain from the arrangement. According to this perspective, a mercenary spirit had infected the late-republican citizen-militia which was subsequently exploited by insurrectionist generals such as L. Cornelius Sulla. This was largely possible because C. Marius in 107 BC abolished the traditional timocratic underpinnings of republican military service by allowing the previously-ineligible poor into the army, making pecuniary self-interest the dominant motivation for service in late-republican armies. In isolation and out of context, however, this is an unsatisfactory explanation for intervention. Soldiers had always expected to profit from war: this was a factor in 88 BC, but it was not the new, critical ingredient of late-republican military service that led to large-scale political intervention. Marius' 107 BC recruitment reform did not change the demographic makeup of the army, and the poor had always been represented in service in large numbers without this previously leading to insurrectionist or mercenary armies that were a danger to the state. Instead, Sulla's soldiers intervened for a range of other factors. A process of desensitisation to the risk of fighting fellow citizens, the citizen-militia's tradition of insubordination in political cause and as a forum for the redress of personal grievance, and the pernicious influence of contemporary endemic violence on Roman political discourse - along with the desire to profit from war - all played their part in persuading the army to support Sulla's sedition. In the background, too, was confusion among Sulla's soldiers over who legitimately represented the state. This confusion allowed Sulla to reinforce his credentials to legitimacy, reinforcing the soldiers' decision to help him. There was thus no single economic motive dominating the explanation for intervention. Rather, all these factors acted in unison, and on that day outside Nola in 88 BC, together they proved decisive. For the Republic, it meant that the emergence of the politically interventionist legion, and its subsequent persistent presence in late-republican political dynamics, was all but inevitable.

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CHANG, SHIN-LI, and 張杏莉. "Initial exploration on the relaxation effect of Rosa damascena essential oil inhalation- Using Salivary Amylase Activity as physiological indicators." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38zu7x.

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碩士
弘光科技大學
化妝品應用研究所
107
The aroma of Rosa damascena in aromatherapy is used as an intervention to improve depression and reduce stress. When the pressure rises, the autonomic nervous system activates, causing the salivary amylase activity (SAA) to increase secretion. This study aims to use biological indicators to evaluate the effect of Rosa damascena essential oil on stress reduction. The participants in this experiment are four members of the three generations of the old, middle and young (including one female and three male), aged between 16 and 81 years old. All participants were given a two-point pressure quantification value before inhalation (pre-test) and using a mask to inhale the intervention essential oil for 5 minutes (post-test). At least random trial once a day, for three consecutive days. Finally, the difference in the physiological quantitative values of the pre-test and the post-test is used to evaluate the effect of the pressure improvement. A total of 26 salivary amylase activity values (13 pairwise comparison values) were collected for this experiment. Physiological indicators showed that the average salivary amylase activity was 39.69klU/L (pre-test) and 24.38 kIU/L(post-test). The mean standard deviation (MSD) between the two groups was 15.31 ± 13.93klU/L and the p value is <0.002. The aroma inhalation method of Rosa damascena essential oil can be used as a reference for the stress release of home health.

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LUBERTI, GIAN MARCO. "Metodologie di screening delle pericolosità geologiche in ambito urbano storico-archeologico: l’area di Roma dalla stazione Termini all’Aniene tra la via Nomentana e l’anello ferroviario." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/894277.

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Zager, Ilona. "The political role of women of the Roman elite, with particular attention to the autonomy and influence of the Julio-Claudian women, 44BCE to CE68." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13904.

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Many accounts, both ancient and modern, have maintained that the Julio- Claudian women had unprecedented influence in their spheres. This dissertation attempts to determine the degree of autonomy and influence that the Julio-Claudian women had and to examine the factors that may have contributed to their exceptional influence. In trying to establish the extent and nature of the influence of the Julio- Claudian women, the ancient sources (literary, documentary and iconographic), in conjunction with modern scholarly views, were critically examined throughout. In attempting to determine the factors that influenced such weight and autonomy as these women had, the dissertation looks at the influences on women of earlier times, in particular the late Roman Republic, from a legal and a socio-historical angle. Whether the Julio-Claudian women could be considered, for example, to have been part of a “super-elite” in comparison with aristocratic women of earlier, and even later, times, was discussed and evaluated. On the surface the Julio-Claudian women did seem to enjoy a wider range of freedoms, power and influence than their counterparts, or the Roman women before or after them. Yet it is clear from the sources that these women also had restrictions laid upon them and that the patriarchal framework still curtailed their influence. When they over-stepped the accepted bounds, they were invariably vilified by the ancient historians, and often came to be negatively portrayed by subsequent generations. Whether these women truly deserved their vilification, or whether it can simply be ascribed to the bias of the ancient writers, was also explored throughout.
Classics & World Languages
M.A. (Classical Studies)

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Cappello, Anthony. "To be or not to be an Italian: BA Santamaria, culture, descent and the social exclusion of Italian-Australians." Thesis, 2009. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/30074/.

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B.A. Santamaria is perhaps Australia's best-known thinker who happens to be of an Italian descent and culture. While much has been written about this important thinker, very little of this writing has focused on his background and the Italian descent and culture from which he originated. This doctorate is an historical exploration into the person of B.A. Santamaria, with a strong focus on his Italian descent and culture. This thesis looks at the question of Social Exclusion that applied to Italians in general, and in particular to B.A. Santamaria. While mentioning the Australian Labor Party split of 1954-1955, this doctorate is more concerned with episodes pertaining to Santamaria's background: Italian migrants, the Aeolian Community, fascism, anti-fascism, the internment of Italian migrants, the land settlement schemes of the National Catholic Rural Movement and Santamaria's own admission later in life that his ideas were a product of his Italian background. When looking at the ideas and organizations in Australia started by B.A. Santamaria, this doctorate looks closely at this connection to his Italian background. Finally the question is asked if B.A. Santamaria was our Italian-Australian hero. Overall, this doctorate hopes to portray a more complete picture of B.A. Santamaria by including and emphasizing his Italian background and the problems he may have encountered in his work because of this background. It also highlights the social exclusion of Italians in Australia by focusing on B.A. Santamaria.

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Lochner, Frederick Christoffel. "A MOT-based cost management competency index: formulation and testing of association with financial performance." Diss., 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2235.

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This study examined the nature and extent of relations between Management of Technology [MOT] and cost management. It explores the roles of competencies and competency measurement in these relations and its associations with company performance. The problem statement asks how the MOT community deals with cost management, whether MOT-based cost management competencies can be isolated and measured, whether a tool for measurement can be created, tested and validated and indeed whether it can be used to assess relations between MOT-based cost management competencies and company performance. To answer these questions, a MOT-based cost management competency index is formulated, consisting of problem statements representing MOT-based cost management insights, knowledge and practices. Designed in the format of a typical research survey, the index is used to source data from sampled companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange [JSE]. Although too small a sample to generalise about the population, sufficient data is collected and processed with statistical software programs. A second set of variables, about financial performance of the responding companies, consists of Asset Turnover [ATO] and Return on Assets Managed [ROAM]. Data for these variables is sourced from their annual financial statements and processed into ATO and ROAM indicators. The combined research data set is used to critically describe statistical qualities of variables such as ATO, ROAM, MOT-based cost management competencies of company executives, their education and exposure to the executive management teams in their respective organizations. The research data is subsequently subjected to correlation analysis, as foundation for hypothesis testing. Among the relationships described by correlation analysis and warranting further examination with regression analysis, are associations between MOT-based cost management competencies and ATO and between Education and MOT-based cost management competencies. The former association is found to be not significant, having the research hypothesis rejected. A significant association between Education and MOT-based cost management competencies is indeed found. Utilizing regression equations yielded by the analyses, the predictive capacity of regression analysis is used to demonstrate results of interventions in those associations postulated in the research hypotheses. The study concludes that it achieved a qualified success in its first objective, which was to formulate a MOT-based cost management competency index, and to demonstrate its application as measurement and management tool on executive managers of JSE-listed companies. The study failed in its second objective, which was to demonstrate a significant association between MOT-based cost management competencies and financial performance of sampled companies. Critical perspectives on the data and the associations tested reveal important shortcomings in the research. These perspectives do though create opportunities for refinement of the MOT-based cost management competency index as measurement and management tool, validation of its status, and indeed demonstration of its business value to the MOT and business community in particular. In closure, the study was meant as a contribution to the discourse on a credo for MOT and the MOT body of knowledge, and it subjects itself to critical analysis by the research community so as to establish whether it succeeded in indeed making such a contribution.
Business Management
M.Tech. (Business Administration)

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