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Published: 18 May 2024

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1

徐寶珠 and Po-chu Louisa Chui. "A study of the role & structure of Royal Hong Kong Police Force in thetransitional period." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31963882.

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2

Chui, Po-chu Louisa. "A study of the role & structure of Royal Hong Kong Police Force in the transitional period." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1991. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13014298.

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3

Belokosztolszki, András. "Role-based access control policy administration." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615798.

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4

Adams, Joshua L. "The Role of Organizational Justice in Police Interaction Decisions With Citizens Post-Ferguson." Thesis, Walden University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10748929.

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Recent negatively publicized police-citizen interactions in the media, followed by a subsequent rise in crime rates in the United States, has been named the Ferguson Effect. The Ferguson Effect has been explored by prominent scholars in the criminal justice community; however, little is known about how police officers in small police agencies perceive the Ferguson Effect. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the perceptions and lived experiences of police officers regarding the Ferguson Effect in small police agencies, as well as police officers’ perceptions of their own organizational justice. The theoretical framework for this study was Greenberg’s theory of organizational justice. Research questions focused on exploring police officers’ perceptions, attitudes, and experiences of the Ferguson Effect phenomenon and willingness to partner with the community. A qualitative phenomenological study design was employed, using purposeful random sampling and semistructured interviews of 9 active sworn law enforcement personnel in southcentral Virginia. Data were analyzed through In Vivo coding, pattern coding, and structural analysis utilizing NVivo 11 Pro. Themes included: (a) racial division, (b) rush to judgment, and (c) steadfast leadership. Findings indicated participants demanded clear and fair policies and procedures from leadership, increased effort of transparency in policing, feelings of racial tension, and the need to regain community trust post-Ferguson. Implications for social change include refinement and development of leadership training for police leadership and refinement in organizational policies that support fairness, community engagement, and community interaction.

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5

Adams, Joshua Lee. "The Role of Organizational Justice in Police Interaction Decisions With Citizens Post-Ferguson." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4955.

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Recent negatively publicized police-citizen interactions in the media, followed by a subsequent rise in crime rates in the United States, has been named the Ferguson Effect. The Ferguson Effect has been explored by prominent scholars in the criminal justice community; however, little is known about how police officers in small police agencies perceive the Ferguson Effect. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the perceptions and lived experiences of police officers regarding the Ferguson Effect in small police agencies, as well as police officers' perceptions of their own organizational justice. The theoretical framework for this study was Greenberg's theory of organizational justice. Research questions focused on exploring police officers' perceptions, attitudes, and experiences of the Ferguson Effect phenomenon and willingness to partner with the community. A qualitative phenomenological study design was employed, using purposeful random sampling and semistructured interviews of 9 active sworn law enforcement personnel in southcentral Virginia. Data were analyzed through In Vivo coding, pattern coding, and structural analysis utilizing NVivo 11 Pro. Themes included: (a) racial division, (b) rush to judgment, and (c) steadfast leadership. Findings indicated participants demanded clear and fair policies and procedures from leadership, increased effort of transparency in policing, feelings of racial tension, and the need to regain community trust post-Ferguson. Implications for social change include refinement and development of leadership training for police leadership and refinement in organizational policies that support fairness, community engagement, and community interaction.
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6

Mukhia, Persis. "Trafficking of women in Darjeeling hills : A sociological study." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2022. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/5162.

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7

McDougall, Devin. "The role of litigation in American climate policy." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86750.

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This thesis examines the role of litigation in the climate policy process in the United States. To that end, the theoretical framework linking law and policy change developed by Gerald Rosenberg is applied to a case study of Massachusetts v. EPA, a recent Supreme Court decision affecting greenhouse gas regulations. This thesis finds that although litigation faces significant constraints in affecting executive-branch policymaking, litigation can help advance policy change through altering statutory interpretations by administrative agencies.
Cette thèse examine le rôle des contentieux dans les processus politiques sur le climat aux États-Unis. Dans ce but, le cadre théorique développé par Gerald Rosenberg, qui lie le droit et le changement de politiques, est appliqué au cas de Massachusetts contre EPA, une décision récente de la Court Suprême touchant la régulation des émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Cette étude conclue que, même si les litiges font face à de sérieuses contraintes en influençant l'élaboration de politiques par la branche exécutive du gouvernement, ils peuvent aider à faire avancer le changement de politiques en modifiant les interprétations réglementaires faites par les administrations gouvernementales.
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8

McCauley, John C. "Public Safety Directors' Leadership Role for the Implementation of the National Incident Management System." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/927.

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The National Incident Management System (NIMS) is the result of Homeland Security Presidential Directive 5 (HSPD-5). NIMS requires the Secretary of Homeland Security to develop a national policy template for state, local, regional, and federal agencies to work together during emergencies. One difficulty with NIMS is that state and local agencies interpret and implement NIMS requirements differently. Using Lusier & Achua's theory of integrative leadership and Burns, Bass, Kouzes, and Posner's concept of transformational leadership, this study examined the relationship between the leadership provided by city public safety directors (CPSDs) and effective NIMS implementation at the local level. Two research questions were posed to determine if education, experience, leadership, competency, or knowledge of their position, impacted the required NIMS implementation. The Delphi technique was used to develop 30 survey statements that formed the basis for a survey of 25 CPSDs in a Midwestern state. Data were analyzed using chi-square as a test of association. Results indicated that NIMS knowledge is inconsistent among CPSDs, the cause of which is likely lack of training in NIMS emergency response requirements and not lack of knowledge about leadership styles or techniques. Therefore, the conclusion of this study is that CPSDs have the leadership skills required to lead emergency management organizations, but may lack the specific technical skills related to implementing the NIMS requirements. The results of this study could promote positive social change in NIMS implementation by helping decision-makers to creating training opportunities related to NIMS implementation and to allocate resources more appropriately to protect people from natural and human catastrophic events.
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9

Bunton, Martin P. "The role of private property in the British administration of Palestine, 1917-1936." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244156.

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10

Debroux, Tatsuro. "Japan's foreign policy under the Abe Administration: a role theory analysis of Japan's foreign policy initiatives between 2006-2007 and 2012-2016." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/587195.

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The thesis shows the result of the research on foreign policy during the first and second Abe administration. It focuses on the relations with the US, China, India, Australia, the Philippines, the New Komei Party and the Japan Conference. Role theory, centered on its key concept of national role conceptions (NRC) is used as a theoretical framework. Using Japanese and foreign political leaders’ statements, NRC analysis gives the opportunity to grasp the degree of consistency between those of Japan and those of the targeted countries and domestic political groups. Then, the results are interpreted to assess the possible changes in foreign policy originating from role inconsistency and conflicts. Four Japan’s key NRCs of reliable security partner, country putting emphasis on multilateralism, non military pacifist country and world/regional leader, are utilized as grid of analysis. This thesis argues that Prime Minister Abe’s attempts to reinforce the assertiveness of Japan’s foreign policy have yielded limited results. Still, this outcome has not significantly altered his initial strategies: the later decisions and actions of his government seek to build a more assertive foreign policy. He has proceeded with them by adjusting NRCs and accommodating role expectations.
Esta tesis es el resultado de la investigación realizada sobre la política exterior de las dos administraciones de Abe en el Japón, en especial, frente a las relaciones con Estados Unidos, China, India, Australia, Filipinas, el Nuevo Partido Komei y la Conferencia japonesa. La teoría de roles, y en especial, su concepto de las concepciones del rol nacional (NRC) -entendido como las expectativas intersubjetivas compartidas frente a los viii roles apropiados del Estado en el mundo- es utilizada como marco teórico. A partir de las declaraciones de los políticos japoneses y extranjeros, el análisis de las NRC permite apreciar el grado de consistencia entre las expectativas del Japón y terceros países y los grupos políticos a nivel interno. Estos resultados son interpretados con el fin de identificar posibles cambios en la política exterior causados por la inconsistencia de los roles o por los conflictos existentes. El análisis se realiza tomando como referencia cuatro NCR claves en el Japón: la conveniencia de tener un aliado en seguridad confiable, la preferencia por el multilateralismo, una concepción pacifica no militarista del país y la pretensión de ser un líder regional o mundial. Esta tesis concluye que los esfuerzos del primer ministro Abe para reforzar la asertividad de la política exterior japonesa han tenido resultados limitados. Pese a ello, no se ha cambiado la estrategia. Las acciones y las decisiones posteriores adoptadas por su gobierno dejan en evidencia su intención de construir una política exterior más asertiva, no obstante, ha procedido a ajustar los NCR y las expectativas de los roles.
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11

Kibwage, Stephen Sakawa. "Role-Based Access Control Administration of Security Policies and Policy Conflict Resolution in Distributed Systems." NSUWorks, 2015. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/30.

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Security models using access control policies have over the years improved from Role-based access control (RBAC) to newer models which have added some features like support for distributed systems and solving problems in older security policy models such as identifying policy conflicts. Access control policies based on hierarchical roles provide more flexibility in controlling system resources for users. The policies allow for granularity when extended to have both allow and deny permissions as well as weighted priority attribute for the rules in the policies. Such flexibility allows administrators to succinctly specify access for their system resources but also prone to conflict. This study found that conflicts in access control policies were still a problem even in recent literature. There have been successful attempts at using algorithms to identify the conflicts. However, the conflicts were only identified but not resolved or averted and system administrators still had to resolve the policy conflicts manually. This study proposed a weighted attribute administration model (WAAM) containing values that feed the calculation of a weighted priority attribute. The values are tied to the user, hierarchical role, and secured objects in a security model to ease their administration and are included in the expression of the access control policy. This study also suggested a weighted attribute algorithm (WAA) using these values to resolve any conflicts in the access control policies. The proposed solution was demonstrated in a simulation that combined the WAAM and WAA. The simulation's database used WAAM and had data records for access control policies, some of which had conflicts. The simulation then showed that WAA could both identify and resolve access control policy (ACP) conflicts while providing results in sub-second time. The WAA is extensible so implementing systems can extend WAA to meet specialized needs. This study shows that ACP conflicts can be identified and resolved during authorization of a user into a system.
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12

Storms-Houston, Tyene. "The role of job evaluation in the comparable worth controversy." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1989. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/1537.

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The primary purpose of this study is to examine issues raised against the use of evaluation as a mechanism for ensuring the attainment of the objective of comparable worth. The significance of this study lies in the fact that wage discrimination against female dominated jobs has been practiced in this country for a long time. Such discrimination contradicts the egalitarian posture that America attempts to project on the rest of the world. Thus, any efforts aimed at removing this sore spot on the American body politic is not only significant but also a step in the right direction. The major findings of this study are that critics of job evaluation raise issues relevant to its reliability, validity, choice of factors, weighting of factors and job analysis. In spite of these criticisms, the advocates of comparable worth maintained that job evaluation is still useful to assess job content and worth. This study principally relied on secondary data such as books, journals, and reports.
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13

Sims, Jessica LL. "Voluntary Environmental Programs: An Examination of Program Performance and the Role of Institutional Design." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2011. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1355.

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Many studies exist on whether Voluntary Environmental Programs (VEPs) improve firms’ environmental performance. Furthermore, the literature on VEPs theorizes that specific features contribute to program performance. This study examines the ability of Voluntary Environmental Programs to reduce emissions and the role of institutional design on their performance. Specifically, this study aimed to identify if specific features influence performance more than others do. The indicator of performance focuses on the overall emission reductions of firms across years 2007-2009. To analyze performance and features, the study examines the emission data and design features of each program. The results reveal the ability of the VEPs to reduce emissions and a combination of features that may have a greater influence on performance. This suggests that the success of VEPs rely on their ability to institute these features.
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14

Acheampong, Michael Ekow. "Public finance management reform and expenditure control in Ghana: the role of the ministry of finance in implementing the MTEF." Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32178.

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Public expenditure control is vital in countries because it is a key instrument for ensuring effective government strategic planning and policy priorities. In many countries, public expenditure control has been inadequately implemented because of weak accounting systems, a weak cash management system and a weak flow of information, among others, despite public finance management reforms implemented in developing countries. Public expenditure management has been a concern in Ghana's public service because of weak budget formulation, weak monitoring and evaluation, and an ineffective flow of information between the ministry of finance (MOF) and the key public institutions. The Medium-Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) has been introduced in Ghana's public service but it has been faced with challenges after the initial stage of implementation of the reforms. This study sought to examine why public finance management reforms appears to have failed to control public expenditure in Ghana, by investigating the ministry of finance's (MOF) role in implementing the MTEF. The study employs a qualitative method using interviews with officials from the MOF to examine the role of the MOF in implementing the MTEF. The key themes that the researcher sought to test through the research as potential factors behind poor expenditure control included the coordination amongst other government institutions, weak planning and forecasting, monitoring and evaluation capacity, information management systems and cash management systems, the political environment and the commitment control. The findings revealed that, despite the importance of political environment and the commitment control, planning and forecasting, the monitoring and evaluation capacity, information management system and the cash management and the coordination management government institutions in implementing the MTEF by the MOF, the new public management framework is not well implemented as it should be. The findings also revealed that in implementing the MTEF by the MOF, coordination among other government institutions such as the MOF and the NDPC has been improved and overcoming the shortcoming of implementing the public finance management reform in Ghana.
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15

Smith, James B. "Role of Spiritual Intelligence in Public Policy in the African American Pentecostal Church." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7749.

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Although many U.S. faith-based organizations have become partners to the government, the African American Pentecostal Church (AAPC), which holds spirituality as a means of serving humanity as its theological framework, has remained a silent partner in public policy engagement. With the framework of spiritual intelligence, this qualitative case study addressed the perceptions of African American Pentecostal leaders regarding how the church’s theology may have an impact on the public policy engagement of its parishioners. Twelve African American Pentecostal Bishops were interviewed, and data were coded and analyzed to identify themes. Results revealed that participants use their spirituality to connect with public policy issues that relate to their personal experiences. Findings also indicated that the AAPC is not an organized denomination, but rather a conglomeration of factions. Lack of an organized epicenter and lack of training and development of its leaders prevent this church from engaging in the public sphere. Although members embrace their responsibility to care for the needs of others, the church lacks a collective response to community issues. Findings may be used to prepare the next generation of AAPC leaders to unify the church to offer spiritual solutions to public policy issues.
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16

Thomas, Nicole Richardson. "The Role of Assumptions in Service Delivery: Exploring minority student participation in educational decision-making." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492598155178709.

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17

Gittings, Lesley. "Men, masculinities and HIV care work: A small-scale, exploratory study of the role of community care workers in supporting HIV positive men's health-seeking behaviour." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17426.

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Caring is typically constructed as a feminized practice, resulting in women shouldering the burden of care-related work. Health-seeking behaviours are also constructed as feminine and men have poorer health outcomes globally. Employing men as carers may not only improve the health of the men they assist but also be transformative with regard to gendered constructions of caring. This dissertation adds to the small but growing literature on men in caring by focusing on men as community care workers (CCWs) and their male clients. Using semi-structured interviews and observational home visits, this study explores whether male CCWs have a unique role to play in addressing harmful health-related gender norms and in supporting HIV positive men's health-affirming behaviour. The empirical analysis draws on the perspectives of eight CCWs and three of their male clients from the Cape Town area. Being problem-driven in nature and situated within a 'gender transformative' agenda, it explores male client preferences for gender concordant care workers and the techniques that CCWs (with a focus on male CCWs) employ to support HIV positive men's health-affirming behaviour. CCWs navigate around hegemonic masculine norms that require men to act tough, suppress emotion and deny weakness and sickness by using techniques such as indirectly broaching sensitive subjects, acting friendly and being clear about the intention of their work. The interviews revealed that CCWs strove not to rupture hegemonic masculine norms while encouraging male clients to engage in health-affirming behaviour . This dissertation also explores male client preferences for gender concordant CCWs and the potential that these pairings have to support health and to be 'gender transformative'. Here 'gender transformative' refers to the creation of more gender equitable environments. The variety of intertwined factors that contribute to male client preferences for male CCWs include gendered power dynamics, comfort in sharing intimate health information and a fear of women gossiping. Drawing on current literature on men, caring and gender transformation to inform the analysis of participant perspectives and experiences, this study explores the barriers to encouraging men to seek health and also considers the challenges in recruiting an d retaining men as CCWs. Employing more male CCWs is a strategy that could improve male client's health outcomes and also contribute to the development of more gender equitable norms. Shifting such norms requires much more than simply hiring men. To contribute to gender transformation, male CCWs should ideally resonate emotionally with their work, possess gender equitable beliefs and ground these beliefs in practice.
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18

Sankar, Sunita. "Youth perceptions of authority figures in a South African secondary school and the role of gender withinn those perceptions." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3642.

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19

Turner, Patricia, and n/a. "From paternalism to participation : the role of the Commonwealth in the administration of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander affairs policy." University of Canberra. Administrative Studies, 1994. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061109.161356.

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20

Glover, Elesia. "The Role of Social Media in Millennial Voting and Voter Registration." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5339.

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The millennial generation has become the largest generation in the United States. Yet as more members of this generation reach voting age, their propensity to vote remains stagnant. For instance, in the 2016 U.S. presidential election, less than 50% of eligible millennials voted, in comparison to the 69% of baby boomers and 63% of Generation X. Voting is a civic duty essential to a successful democracy; therefore, it is imperative to find solutions to increase millennial political engagement. As millennials represent the largest proportion of users of social media, the purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the relationships between voter registration and voting rates and social media usage. To provide clarification on the issue of millennial voting and voter registration, a conceptual framework was used to explore whether a connection exists between millennial political participation and social media because existing theory was insufficient to address this issue. Using secondary data from the 2016 Millennial Impact Report, 1,050 millennial survey responses were gathered on millennial social media usage, intent to vote, and voter registration. A 2 proportions z-test was used to conclude that there was no difference in voter registration and voting rates between millennials who posted 1 to 3 times per week and those who posted 4 to 7 times per week on social media. This study may promote social change by informing those who seek solutions to increase millennial voting and voter registration rates for the continuation of the American democratic system.
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21

Broadhurst, Monica DeAnn. "The Integral Role of Training in the Implementation of Hate Crime Legislation." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2818/.

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This research focuses on the association between law enforcement training and implementation of hate crime legislation. The Anti-Defamation League's state hate crime statutory provisions and the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Hate Crime Reporting by States data are examined. Section one includes the following: What Constitutes Hate?, The History of Hate Crime Legislation, and Issues Facing Hate Crime Legislation. Section two surveys literature on both Hate Crime Legislation and the training of law enforcement officers. Section three discusses the Anti-Defamation League and FBI data in detail and explains the methods used to test the association between law enforcement training and reporting of hate crime legislation. Findings yield a statistically significant association between law enforcement training and reporting of hate crime legislation.
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22

Hatton, Holly. "How Rural Elementary Building Principals Conceptualize the Programs in Their Schools, the Processes of Connecting Students to Programs, and Their Leadership Role in Doing So." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3592439.

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Principals in rural schools lead with an awareness of multiple contingent factors that influence their decisions every day regarding programming for students. The purpose of this research is to examine how rural elementary school principals conceptualize programs in their schools, the processes used to connect students to these programs, and their leadership role in doing so. Through the lens of contingency theory, this qualitative research study informs the research regarding contextual variables that influence principals' decisions as they program for students.

Three research questions provided the frame through which to examine the ways that principals conceptualize the benefit of programs in their school buildings, as well as the ways that they negotiate the environment and obligate resources based on student needs and outside influences. A purposeful sample of 11 principals working at rural elementary schools in a mid-Atlantic state participated in this study. A basic qualitative design provided the framework for interpreting the interview data collected.

Major findings of this study indicated that principals were more apt to introduce a new program to their building if it was one they had had experience with before. If they did not consider the program beneficial, they were less apt to support it in their building. In addition, principals and school teams used formal and informal assessment data to make decisions regarding student programming. Principals obligated human resources in multiple ways in order to meet the programming needs of their students, but funding, regulations, and curricular and testing demands influenced their programming decisions. In addition, teacher "burn-out" and limited time in the school day were all areas of concern.

Nationally, public schools receive billions of dollars in federal, state, and local funding for the purpose of student programming. Policy makers write policy from an urban-centric viewpoint. This viewpoint forces rural principals to interpret the policy in creative ways to ensure it meets the needs of their students. This study provides insight as to how rural principals interpret policy in order to utilize resources to program for students. This study also examines the contexts that influence their programming decisions.

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23

Makhubu, Tjetjane Samson. "The role of parent-teacher-student-associations (PTSAs) in the democratic governance of schools : future policy implications." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15992.

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Bibliography: pages 155-164.
This research study attempted to gather, present and analyse information regarding the current role of the Parent-Teacher-Student-Associations in the democratic governance of secondary schools for purposes of contributing towards the education governance policy discourse as South Africa moves away from apartheid to democracy. Central to this largely fact-finding exercise was an attempt to make a contribution to an understanding of how the Parent-Teacher-Student-Associations, in the execution of their duties, practice both democracy and accountability; operate; resolve tensions and/or differences among parents, teachers and students; impact upon the schools in general; and relate to both the Department of Education and Training and other organs of civil society. Further, this survey attempted to ascertain m which crucial areas the Parent-Teacher-Student-Associations are most lacking, and how these could be strengthened. And finally, an attempt was made in this study to contribute to the possible future role of the Parent-Teacher-Student Associations in the new democratic education dispensation, and how, in the execution of this new role the Parent-Teacher-Student-Associations should relate to the new, future democratic government. The study concluded with a number of recommendations for policy in the area of democratic school governance. The study used largely a survey method. The Parent-Teacher-Student-Associations of three secondary schools under the auspices of the Department of Education and Training in the Western Cape region were surveyed. The single most important data-gathering instrument used was the interview. Numerous conclusions were arrived at. First, the Parent-Teacher-Student-Associations studied were found to be very powerful and effective in their areas of operation in school governance despite their inability to have access to resources of power, wealth and expertise. These Parent-Teacher-Student-Associations are important education policy actors who are not only influencing policy, but are in total control of very crucial policy areas in their schools. Second, the study concluded that whereas the Parent-Teacher-Student-Associations studied represent an important step towards the full democratisation of education in general, and in their schools in particular, their role in school governance could not be described as an unqualified success. However, despite the problems associated with the PTSAs involvement in school governance, their role does have the potential to make for better schools. And finally, because of the limited nature of the study in terms of the methodology, scope and time, the conclusions arrived at here cannot and should not be generalised beyond the confines of the study as no attempt was made to embark upon regional or national research exercise.
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Grabs, Teresa Victoria. "Developing Ecological Citizenship: The Role of Political Agents Using Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Model." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5082.

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Despite decades of research on environmental behavior, it is unknown how various political actors aid in the development of ecological citizenship (EC). The purpose of this correlational study was to determine the relationship between environmental worldview (NEP) and willingness to take action (WTTA) among political actors within 5 states: Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, and North Dakota. The overarching research question examined how EC can be increased within the 5-state region by identifying the similarities and differences in NEP and WTTA between state legislators, state partners, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model provided the theoretical framework for the study. Out of 1,800 invited participants, 117 state legislators, 328 formal partnership directors, and 237 NGO administrators from the 5-state region participated in an online survey that measured their NEP, WTTA, and endorsement of EC principles. Nearly 20% of all respondents endorsed EC indicated by a high NEP and a high WTTA. Results of correlational analyses found a significant positive relationship between NEP and WTTA for each group. Further regression analysis found variation in group WTTA attributable to NEP varied from 32% for partnership directors and 36% for NGO administrators to 61% for state legislators. These findings indicated that EC can be affected by both private and public stakeholders. The implications for positive social change include demonstrating how state governments, in partnership with NGOs and other agencies, can increase EC within their states, and how improved partnerships can increase local opportunities to foster EC.
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Rissler, Grant Edward. "Advocate or Traditional Bureaucrat| Understanding the Role of ESL Supervisors in Shaping Local Education Policy toward Immigrant Communities." Thesis, Virginia Commonwealth University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10601528.

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As recent immigrants seek a productive and dignified life in “new immigrant destinations” that have little historical experience with immigration, public education systems serve a key function in immigrant integration efforts. In a federal system increasingly focused on accountability, a crucial sub-set of education policy and local responsiveness to immigration is English language instruction and services for Limited English Proficient (LEP) students and parents.

In such contexts, the role that local bureaucrats play, and whether they actively represent the interests of the newfound diversity of community members, are crucial questions if strongly held American ideals of social equity and equal opportunity are to be upheld. This research asks broad questions at the intersection of bureaucratic power, representative bureaucracy and educational policy toward English language learners at the local level. Variations in how school systems in the political bellwether of Virginia responded to a recent policy shock - federal guidance released in January 2015 that reiterated local school system responsibility for providing equal educational access to LEP students and parents – form a unique window into local policy-making. Using a concurrent triangulation mixed methodology that consists of a state-wide survey and interviews with a sub-set of the Title III coordinators who supervise programs for English Language Learners, this research shows Title III coordinators to be unrepresentative in passive terms of the foreign born population but nevertheless to have a strong sense of advocating for English Language Learners. Findings suggest that public service motivation is the key explanatory factor in driving a sense of role advocacy and this in turn drives a greater range of action taking by the coordinator to benefit ELLs. Despite this link between role advocacy and coordinator action, role advocacy is not found to be significant in driving the likelihood or range of system level responsiveness to the letter. Instead, political and demographic factors increase the likelihood of system action but, counter to existing literature, more conservative localities are found to be more likely to have responded to the Dear Colleague Letter. This suggests that a previous reluctance to act in these places may have been dislodged by the letter and points to the importance of change over time in conceptualizing local responsiveness to immigrants.

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26

Alfaysal, Rami, and Emma Andersson. "The diffusion of Gender Policy in Accounting firms : the role of company structure and size." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Handelshögskolan (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-71829.

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Women have a few managerial positions compared to men in audit and accounting firms. It said that large companies have intentions to increase the number of women accountants in managerial positions. The study is investigating the implementation of gender policies and diversity in auditing firm with a specific focus on how company size may impact how organizations come to work with issues of gender and diversity. A qualitative method has been implemented in this study, by conducting 17 semi-structured interviews with women auditors and accountants, working in 4 large firms and 5 small firms in Sweden. The study shows that the policies of the large companies are not fully implemented. While setting policies for small firms will just help women auditors/accountants to improve their career education.
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27

Shamroukh, Sharif S. "Role of Stand-Alone Business Entities in Sustaining Newly Established Nonprofit Organizations." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7571.

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Thousands of newly established nonprofit organizations (NPOs) with long-lasting and needed missions disappear annually, which negatively impacts the nonprofit sector in general and the potential recipients of the discontinued NPOs' services. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the possible influence that the presence of a strategic resource development plan and the establishment of a stand-alone business entity have on the persistence of newly established NPOs that have long-lasting and needed missions in the United States within the context of the theoretical framework resource dependence theory. Research questions focused on the role of commercial activities, particularly the stand-alone business entity model, and the importance of strategic resource development on NPOs' sustainability within the first 5 years of existence. The study population consisted of NPOs that had disappeared within 5 years of existence and those that had remained active for more than 5 years. Data from a researcher-developed survey instrument were collected from 33 representatives of active organizations and 29 representatives of nonactive organizations. Chi-square tests of independence revealed that the strategic resource development plan and the commercial activities/stand-alone business entities were significantly associated with the sustainability of the NPOs. Findings may be used to promote the creation of a strategic resource development plan and/or a stand-alone business entity at the initial stages of NPOs' establishment to sustain their role and contributions in their communities.
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Hairston, Christen Cullum. "Impact of the Bologna Process and German higher education reforms on professorial work and role definition at the University of Potsdam: A case study." W&M ScholarWorks, 2013. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1550154082.

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29

Beaghen, Susan P. "Selection and Passage of County Land Preservation Voter Referendum: The Role of Government." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/887.

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County jurisdictions in America are increasingly exercising self-government in the provision of public community services through the context of second order federalism. In states exercising this form of contemporary governance, county governments with “reformed” policy-making structures and professional management practices, have begun to rival or surpass municipalities in the delivery of local services with regional implications such as environmental protection (Benton 2002, 2003; Marando and Reeves, 1993). The voter referendum, a form of direct democracy, is an important component of county land preservation and environmental protection governmental policies. The recent growth and success of land preservation voter referendums nationwide reflects an increase in citizen participation in government and their desire to protect vacant land and its natural environment from threats of over-development, urbanization and sprawl, loss of open space and farmland, deterioration of ecosystems, and inadequate park and recreational amenities. The study’s design employs a sequential, mixed method. First, a quantitative approach employs the Heckman two-step model. It is fitted with variables for the non-random sample of 227 voter referendum counties and all non-voter referendum counties in the U.S. from 1988 to 2009. Second, the qualitative data collected from the in-depth investigation of three South Florida county case studies with twelve public administrator interviews is transformed for integration with the quantitative findings. The purpose of the qualitative method is to complement, explain and enrich the statistical analysis of county demographic, socio-economic, terrain, regional, governance and government, political preference, environmentalism, and referendum-specific factors. The research finds that government factors are significant in terms of the success of land preservation voter referendums; more specifically, the presence of self-government authority (home rule charter), a reformed structure (county administrator/manager or elected executive), and environmental interest groups. In addition, this study concludes that successful counties are often located coastal, exhibit population and housing growth, and have older and more educated citizens who vote democratic in presidential elections. The analysis of case study documents and public administrator interviews finds that pragmatic considerations of timing, local politics and networking of regional stakeholders are also important features of success. Further research is suggested utilizing additional public participation, local government and public administration factors.
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Moonesar, Immanuel Azaad. "The Role of UAE Health Professionals in Maternal and Child Health Policy." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1649.

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Maternal and child health (MCH) mortality is a formidable challenge for health systems around the world according to the World Health Organization. Health professionals and practitioners within the United Arab Emirates were studied to determine the extent they were involved in the policy-making process, and the potential impact that analysis may have on new or revised MCH policies. Research on MCH policy-making and development processes are limited. The Andersen model of healthcare services utilization provides an appropriate framework for this research, enabling the analysis that influences the policy-making process in the area of MCH. Independent variables included nationality, education, work experience, and organizational support, and the dependent variable included policy-making process. The quantitative methodology included the data collection from a sample of 380 health professionals and practitioners. The results of the study revealed statistical correlations where the most significant predictor of policy-making was organizational support, which explained the 42% variation in policy-making. This predictor was followed by nationality and education. The research adds value for decision-makers when considering and evaluating the extent of MCH policy, laws and regulations, current challenges, and strategies. The research findings could positively influence decision makers' action plan in formulating new guidelines, public policies, and strategies for the development of maternal and child health across the UAE region. Future research should aim to include other factors that may have an influence on the policy-making process.
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31

Geiselhart, Karin, and n/a. "Does democracy scale?: a fractal model for the role of interactive technologies in democratic policy processes." University of Canberra. Information Management and Tourism, 1999. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050628.122941.

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The development of interactive communication technologies, such as email and the Internet, has stimulated much discussion about their potential to assist in the renewal of democracy. Globalisation, intimately connected with technological advance, has likewise led to considerations of 'governance' that transcend the nation state. This thesis poses the general question: Can the efficiencies and economies which drive commercial applications of interactive technology be applied to democratic policy processes? What conditions will facilitate this? The perspective taken here views policy as a communication process between networks of actors who seek to use resources and decisions to promote their value systems (Considine 1994). Democracy is also seen as a communication process, with a set of criteria which ensure equal access to information and agenda setting among participants (Dahl 1989). These definitions and criteria have been chosen for their generality. They apply at all levels of analysis, and thus may be used for comparison across scales. These are aligned with concepts from complexity theory as applied to human nonlinear systems and organisational dynamics, drawing mostly on Kiel(1994) and Stacey (1996). The inherent unpredictability of these systems and their capacity for complex learning and adaptive self-organisation offers an alternative paradigm to linear, hierarchical management models. A combination of literature analysis and case study evidence leads to three extensions of complexity theory as applied to human systems: Firstly, interactive technology is proposed as a technique for the potential re-pluralisation of democratic processes in complex human systems. The possibility of adding many new non-elite voices, and of making these available to all others, relates to both chaotic forms of self-organisation and the benefits of electronic democracy. Secondly, evidence is presented for the existence of fractal, or self-similar patterns in the ways information technology is applied at different levels of governance. It is shown that instrumental approaches which emphasise efficiency dominate technology use at the global, national and organisational levels, and these are interdependent. Alternative patterns which encourage participation also exist at every level. Thirdly, it is argued that the values of the dominant actors are the main determinants of whether interactive technologies will be structured to favour democratic forms of communication at every level. Three theory chapters in Part I develop these arguments by extensive reviews of relevant literatures. On the global level, convergent media, telecommunications and technology conglomerates underpin a global 'nervous system' which discourages government intervention, promotes a global monoculture, inhibits pluralistic debate by minimising access to alternative forms of information, and emphasises individualism and consumption. Within nations, widespread uniformity of public sector reform is sympathetic and responsive to these globalising pressures. Deregulation, privatisation, retreat from public broadcasting, down-sizing and outsourcing have become standard approaches, and are reflected in Australian information technology policy and programs. Several exceptions demonstrate more participatory approaches. At the organisational level, instrumental approaches to management and computerisation also prevail. In each case, a shift towards globalising values corresponds to applications of information technology which dampen the complex interactivity required for democratic policy processes. Part II supplements this analysis with case study evidence. The organisational data were collected primarily during a two year qualitative study of interactive technology use in the Australian Department of Finance and Administration. The researcher found technology use was inseparable from other change processes, and these were found to have strong elements inhibiting participation in internal policy. An instrumental approach to interactive technology use reinforced hierarchical decision processes. Three minor case studies looked at an internal mailing list in a federal agency, a mostly national list on Internet and telecommunications policy, and an experiment in electronic democracy at the local level. These offered additional insights into the ways interactive technologies can contribute to complex but adaptive policy processes, if normative democratic values guide their design. The researcher proposes a set of communication protocols for the use of interactive technologies in democratic policy processes. These would enable the forms of communication necessary to reinvigorate democracy in an information age. It is also argued that these protocols, if applied at the organisational level, and particularly within the public sector, could become part of a reaffirmation of industrial democracy. This is necessary to ensure the integrity and accountability of the public sector, given the progressive intermingling of these institutions with private enterprise. Additional suggestions are made for research into government uses of information technology as an important focus for policy analysts.
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32

Modin, Ludwig. "Stability and Change in Role Conceptions : The Case of Russia and the Annexation of Crimea." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-411974.

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This paper addresses the question of whether Russia’s role conception changed after the annexation of Crimea. Research on role conceptions has a solid standing within foreign policy analysis, but information on role change and what it is that affects it has not been given the necessary attention. The paper’s theoretical framework contains earlier theoretical definitions of role conceptions and role change. In conjunction with the theoretical approach, process tracing and systematic text analysis with a focus on narratives are used as methodological tools. Relevant findings are then generated through the study of elite-expressions of the Russian master role from, firstly, the period between 2012 and late 2013, and, secondly, 2014. In brief, the results indicate that no major change occurred. Rather the role conception remained stable throughout both sequences. This suggests that the ramifications of the annexation of Crimea did not challenge the Russian master role and that it was not perceived as a crisis by Putin and his colleagues. Moreover, it is possible that role change more likely occurs when exceptional circumstances arise unexpectedly and when they fundamentally challenge ingrained role conceptions.
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33

Shariati, Auzeen. "An Assessment of The Role of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) in Campus Safety." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3391.

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The use of crime prevention initiatives on American college campuses has rapidly increased in the past three decades as high profile crime incidents continue to erode the public’s perception of universities as sanctuaries —isolated from criminal activity. Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) is an environmental approach to crime prevention that refers to strategies that focus on reducing crime opportunities by manipulating the physical and social qualities of the environment. Although empirical research on CPTED is growing, little is known about the impact of this method on educational settings. The main argument of the present study is that CPTED has the potential to foster campus safety by reducing crime and increasing the perception of safety. Based on findings from previous studies, it is expected that universities with higher level of CPTED are more likely to have lower crime rates, and students residing in high CPTED campus facilities are more likely to have higher perception of safety. To test the hypothesized effect, a content analysis of the annual safety reports of 100 postsecondary institutions in the United States was conducted. In addition, the residents of two dormitories of a university were surveyed to assess their safety perceptions. Furthermore, a case study was conducted in a college campus with a systematic deployment of the CPTED approach. In-depth interviews, one focus group, in-site observations, and analysis of secondary data were performed to contextualize the study findings. Although the quantitative analysis of the national review of the annual safety reports did not provide evidence in support of the hypothesized effect, it uncovered a reverse relationship between crime rate and use of environmental crime prevention measures. The results of the survey of students’ perception of safety, on the other hand, revealed evidence in support of the second hypothesis of the dissertation. Furthermore, the qualitative case study analysis provided insight into the implementation procedures, strengths, and challenges of the systematic CPTED program. The main findings show how CPTED works in the academic context and what alterations are needed to advance the program.
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34

Schoeman, Ria Elizabeth. "The public policy impact of the changing official development assistance programme in financing the HIV/AIDS response in southern Africa." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05022009-174126/.

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35

Rice, Ketra Lachell. "A Multi-Method Analysis of the Role of Spatial Factors in Policy Analysis and Health Disparities Research." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1365613669.

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36

Rissler, Grant E. "Advocate or Traditional Bureaucrat: Understanding the Role of ESL Supervisors in Shaping Local Education Policy toward Immigrant Communities." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4970.

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As recent immigrants seek a productive and dignified life in “new immigrant destinations” that have little historical experience with immigration, public education systems serve a key function in immigrant integration efforts. In a federal system increasingly focused on accountability, a crucial sub-set of education policy and local responsiveness to immigration is English language instruction and services for Limited English Proficient (LEP) students and parents. In such contexts, the role that local bureaucrats play, and whether they actively represent the interests of the newfound diversity of community members, are crucial questions if strongly held American ideals of social equity and equal opportunity are to be upheld. This research asks broad questions at the intersection of bureaucratic power, representative bureaucracy and educational policy toward English language learners at the local level. Variations in how school systems in the political bellwether of Virginia responded to a recent policy shock - federal guidance released in January 2015 that reiterated local school system responsibility for providing equal educational access to LEP students and parents – form a unique window into local policy-making. Using a concurrent triangulation mixed methodology that consists of a state-wide survey and interviews with a sub-set of the Title III coordinators who supervise programs for English Language Learners, this research shows Title III coordinators to be unrepresentative in passive terms of the foreign born population but nevertheless to have a strong sense of advocating for English Language Learners. Findings suggest that public service motivation is the key explanatory factor in driving a sense of role advocacy and this in turn drives a greater range of action taking by the coordinator to benefit ELLs. Despite this link between role advocacy and coordinator action, role advocacy is not found to be significant in driving the likelihood or range of system level responsiveness to the letter. Instead, political and demographic factors increase the likelihood of system action but, counter to existing literature, more conservative localities are found to be more likely to have responded to the Dear Colleague Letter. This suggests that a previous reluctance to act in these places may have been dislodged by the letter and points to the importance of change over time in conceptualizing local responsiveness to immigrants.
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37

Ciobanu, Dana Maria. "Social Disorganization Theory: The Role of Diversity in New Jersey's Hate Crimes." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2718.

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The reported number of hate crimes in New Jersey continues to remain high despite the enforcement of laws against perpetrators. The purpose of this correlational panel study was to test Shaw & McKay's theory of social disorganization by examining the relationship between demographic diversity and hate crime rates. This study focused on analyzing the relationship between the level of diversity, residential mobility, unemployment, family disruption, proximity to urban areas, and population density in all 21 New Jersey counties and hate crime rates. The existing data of Federal Bureau of Investigations' hate crime rates and the U.S. Census Bureau's demographic diversity, operationalized as the percentage of Whites over all other races, and social disorganization from 21 between the years 2007 through 2011, for a total sample size of 105 cases of reported hate crimes. Results of the multiple linear regression analysis indicate that ethnic diversity did not significantly predict hate crimes (p = 0.81), residential mobility (p < 0.001), and population density (p < 0.001) had positive effects on hate crime rates. Concentrated disadvantage (p = 0.01), characterized by the number of reported unemployment rates, had a negative effect on hate crime rates. The results of the study supported social disorganization theory in reference to residential mobility and population density. Law enforcement agencies can use the results of this study to combat hate crimes in areas with a high level of residential mobility and population density.
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38

Paul, Irma. "The Post-9/11 GI Bill and its Role in For-Profit University Enrollment." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6472.

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There is limited research on the Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008, known as the 9/11 GI Bill, which provides educational benefits to veterans who have served in the United States military on active duty for 90 days. While outcomes for public and nonprofit universities are well known, less is known about whether proprietary universities are successful in recruitment and enrollment of veterans under the 9/11 GI Bill. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to examine the experiences that veterans who were Post 9/11 Bill beneficiaries had with recruitment strategies and institutional public policy practices from for-profit institutions. Ten veterans who participated in this study received Post-9/11 GI Bill educational benefits and enrolled in a for-profit institution based in Florida. Data was collected using the transcripts of the responses from the face-to-face interviews. These data were inductively coded and analyzed using a modified Van Kaam analysis procedure. The findings indicated that for-profit institutions used excessive recruitment strategies and aggressive targeting to attract veterans who received Post-9/11 GI Bill educational benefits. The findings also suggested that for-profit universities appear to need institutional policy changes and programs to assist veterans in transitioning from academic to civilian life. Recommendations to Veterans' Affairs Offices, legislators, and leaders of proprietary institutions that support positive social change include mandatory reporting of federal funds, development of civilian transition programs, and adopting of key collaborations within departments. These recommendations may promote successful educational outcomes and sustainable employment for veterans.
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39

Dutta, Suparna. "Understanding Effectiveness of a Diverse Board in the Nonprofit Sector: The Role of Board Inclusion & Critical Mass of the Diverse Board Members." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5738.

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Using rated responses from nonprofit CEOs who participated in the 2016 BoardSource national survey, this study investigates whether nonprofit board inclusive behavior or board inclusive practices are positively correlated with nonprofit board effectiveness. It further examines whether a critical mass of racial and ethnic minority or women board members may moderate the relationship stated above. To answer these questions, the study tested six hypotheses using principal component analysis, followed by hierarchical regression analysis, and found no evidence of statistical significance in main or moderator effects. The study recommends that policymakers should frame policies that ensure mandatory quotas for women and racioethnic minority board members for nonprofits that receive government funding and/or act as alternative service delivery agents for governments. In addition, the nonprofit CEOs should promote the learning-integration perspective of group inclusion to help maximize the experience of inclusion of board members. The study further recommends that nonprofit boards should promote pluralistic diversity, abandon tokenism, and foster an inclusive environment for all board members irrespective of their gender and color.
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40

Pauly, Nathan James. "INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF PRESCRIPTION DRUG MONITORING PROGRAMS IN REDUCING RATES OF OPIOID-RELATED POISONINGS." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pharmacy_etds/84.

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The United States is in the midst of an opioid epidemic. In addition to other system level interventions, almost all states have responded to the crisis by implementing prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs). PDMPs are state-level interventions that track the dispensing of Controlled Substances. Data generated at the time of medication dispensing is uploaded to a central data server that may be used to assist in identifying drug diversion, medication misuse, or potentially aberrant prescribing practices. Prior studies assessing the impact of PDMPs on trends in opioid-related morbidity have often failed to take into account the wide heterogeneity of program features and how the effectiveness of these features may be mitigated by insurance status. Previous research has also failed to differentiate the effects of these programs on prescription vs. illicit opioid-related morbidity. The studies in this dissertation attempt to address these gaps using epidemiological techniques to examine the associations between specific PDMP features and trends in prescription and illicit opioid-related poisonings in populations of different insurance beneficiaries. Results of these studies demonstrate that implementation of specific PDMP features is significantly associated with differential trends in prescription and illicit-opioid related poisonings and that the effectiveness of these features vary depending on the insurance status of the population studied. These results suggest that PDMPs offer a valuable tool in addressing the United States’ opioid epidemic, and may be used as empirical evidence to support PDMP best practices in the future.
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41

Ortega, Pacheco Daniel Vicente. "Investigating the role and scale of transactions costs of incentive-based programs for provision of environmental services in developing countries." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1292450247.

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42

Oriaku, Obediah A. "The role of trait-skills in effective educational leadership: A comparative analysis of perceptions of actual and potential administrators in higher education." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1987. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/3242.

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The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze higher education administrators' perceptions of the importance of trait-skills as necessary for effective leadership. A descriptive survey method compared and analyzed the perceptions of actual and potential higher education administrators in relation to the value and use of trait-skills. These perceptions were analyzed against demographic variables of age, sex, position, and by institutions. The t-test and pearson r correlation were employed in the analysis. The trait-skills items (TSI) a modified instrument from the (LBDQ, Stogdill, 1963) and the (TII, DuBrin 1963) were utilized to compare and analyze perceptions and role of the two groups on trait-skills and related variables. Three hypotheses used in the study stated, "There are no statistically significant differences in perceptions of the value of (1) compassion, (2) consideration (3) empathy-sympathy between actual and potential administrators.” The following conclusions appeared from the findings: 1. There was significant difference between the two groups on trait-skills beyond the .OS level. Examination of the mean scores suggested the potentials had significantly more of trait-skills than the actuals. Therefore the null hypotheses were rejected. 2. There were differences on trait-skills by sex of respondents. The females were significantly higher in trait-skills as shown by the mean scores. 3. The relationships between trait-skills and the variables of institution, age, and position examined separately through Pearson r correlation analysis were highly significant beyond the .05 level. The correlations suggested that higher levels of skills existed among the undergraduate colleges, older respondents and administrators in junior positions. The following recommendations derived from the findings are offered: 1. More female employees should be added to make for effective leadership or, male administrators should be trained and educated on the use of trait-skills. 2. Actual and senior administrators should be made aware of the importance of continuing to practice trait-skills. 3. Actual and potential administrators in Atlanta University and Clark College should be provided with orientation on the value of trait-skills.
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43

Sarr, Ousainou. "Leadership and Organizational Policies for Sustainable Development in The Gambia: Perspectives of Leaders of Public Institutions on the Role of Capacity Building." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1617365947816379.

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44

Pennell, Kym. "Police education and police practice." Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/35468.

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"January 2002".
Thesis (DEd)--Macquarie University, Australian Centre for Educational Studies, School of Education, 2003.
Bibliography: p. 229-246.
Introduction: police education and police practice -- "Police": a definition -- Policing in a democratic society: the role dilemma -- Contemporary policing: a convergence of ideas -- Role conception: the United Kingdom -- Development of policing: Australia and the United States of America -- The nature of crime -- The police response: effectiveness and outcomes -- The perceptions and expectations of stakeholders -- The police culture -- The police organisation -- Police education and training: models of learning -- Police education and training: providers -- Police education and training: evaluation of 'training' models -- Police education and training: evaluation of 'professional models' -- Police education and training: evaluation of 'professional/academic' model -- Police education and training: evaluation of experience -- Conclusion.
A perception of escalating social disorder and allegations of police corruption and ineptitude have led to a social and political imperative to reform policing. Fundamental to this reform is the modification of the core mission of the police and the operational practices of the uniformed Constable. The core characteristics of policing and the operational practices of the uniformed Constable are determined by the core mission and the operational context of policing. -- Despite an imperative to reform the quality and provision of police services to the community the core mission of the police has not fundamentally altered during the last half century and remains crime control (Zaho, 1996). The core mission of contemporary policing has been criticised for being in direct conflict with basic democratic principles and for being simply unachievable. This thesis will establish that the origins and occurrence of crime, its prevalence and persistence is detennined by social, economic and cultural factors that are beyond the control of the police. It will be argued that long-term successful law-enforcement in a democratic society requires the acceptance, cooperation and approval of the community. Community oriented policing may provide the theoretical framework for internalising normative controls and for enhancing public participation in and sharing responsibility for crime control. -- It will be demonstrated that the strategc shift in policing implicit within the theoretical framework of community policing has significant implications for the reform of police . education and training. Several commentators and various Commissions of Inquiry have recommended upgrading police education and training, and the participation of police in tertiary education. -- The reform of police practice is contingent upon the reform of the core mission and the operational context of policing. The core mission and the operational context of policing is substantially defined, controlled and manipulated by the perceptions, expectations and actions of stakeholders. Directly or indirectly these have been found to be antithetical to alternative models of policing that are service orientated; thus blocking, diluting or redirecting efforts to implement community policing. -- Unless the core mission of the police and the operational context of policing are substantially modified then police education will continue to have a limited impact upon the operational practices of the uniformed Constable.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
xxi, 246 p
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45

Bjersér, Petter. "To Trust or Not to Trust in National Climate Policy : A Quantiative Macro-Analysis on The Role of Social- and Political Trust in Determining National Policy Outcomes of Climate Taxation." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-384356.

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This thesis examines the role of aggregated mean levels of Social Trust and Political Trust in national climate policy outcomes of Climate Taxation. The aim of the study is to contribute with the first quantitative macro-level comparative study of how Social Trust and three different forms of Political Trust1, the independent variables, affect national climate policy outcomes of Climate Tax Revenue, the dependent variable. In pursuit of this aim the study utilise fixed effects regression models based on bi-annual Time-Series-Cross-Sectional data of 24 OECD countries over 12 years. To operationalise the independent variables the study draws on individual-level survey-data from the European Social Survey Round 2-7 (2004-2014) and to operationalise the dependent variable the study uses tax revenue from Energy and Transports from the OECD-database Policy Instruments for the Environment.  The theoretical framework draws on behavioural approaches to social dilemmas in theorising that Social- and Political Trust facilitates cooperation and lowers transaction costs in order to overcome Social Dilemmas based on separate mechanisms of Networks and Institutional Safeguards. The study finds significant evidence for two of its hypotheses, as higher levels of Social Trust is correlated positively with higher Climate Taxes, and higher levels of Trust in International Organisations correlate negatively with Climate Taxes. Moreover, the study finds significant but contradictory evidence concerning two of its hypotheses, as higher levels of Trust in Political Institutions and Trust in Implementing Authorities correlate negatively with Climate Taxes. However, there are some indications that the assumption of no perfect multicollinearity does not hold for the fixed effects regression model and as such the results could be compromised.  To the knowledge of the author, this thesis outlines the first macro-level comparative study on the role of Social- and Political Trust in determining national climate policy outcomes of Climate Taxation that are generalisable in an OECD-country context. Future research is encouraged to scrutinise these preliminary findings in comparative analysis of both OECD and non-OECD countries.
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Hanna, Patricia L. "Representing Refugee Children: The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations and Their Volunteers as Liaisons of Refugee Interests in Local Schools." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1405082407.

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47

Aku, Anizizo. "Role of Middle Managers in Mitigating Employee Cyberloafing in the Workplace." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3967.

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Companies in the United States are concerned about the indeterminate effectiveness of corporate cyberloafing mitigation efforts leading to the persistence of employee cyberloafing behavior. Although middle managers are the driving force behind the transformational influences that guide employee productivity and could proffer practical solutions, a lack of clarity surrounds the middle manager's role in the overall cyberloafing mitigation efforts within organizations. The central research question for this transcendental phenomenological research study explored the lived experiences of middle managers regarding their roles in mitigating employee cyberloafing at higher education institutions in Florida. This study used a social constructivist-interpretive framework that draws from the multiple realities constructed through social interactions and lived experiences. Participants included 7 middle managers with experience mitigating cyberloafing at higher education institutions in Florida. Four major themes emerged from an inductive analysis of the data, including managing employee performance, proximity matters, cyberloafing interventions, and understanding employee online technology use. The results and recommendations of this study provide implications for social change. Business organizations may modify cyberloafing mitigation strategies and policies from a better understanding of manager/employee interactions, transformational managerial influences used to mitigate employee cyberloafing, and managerial knowledge of employee appropriation of online technology.
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48

Amat, Francesc. "Redistribution in parliamentary democracies : the role of second-dimensional identity politics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7dad5a35-916a-444a-baa3-68d1e23f9bcc.

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In this dissertation I explore the redistributive effects of second-dimensional identity politics in parliamentary democracies. Specifically, I focus on parties’ electoral incentives to manipulate the salience of the territorial-identity cleavage. My main argument is that a greater electoral salience of the second dimension distorts the nature of redistributive outcomes. Although the redistributive effects of second dimensions of political competition have been explored in majoritarian democracies, much less is known about their effects in democracies with proportional representation (PR). The dissertation brings “bad news” in that regard: when the territorial second dimension is salient, it is no longer true that parliamentary democracies with proportional electoral systems redistribute more –which is the prevalent view in the existing literature. In fact, the so called “left-bias” of PR systems vanishes when the territorial-identity cleavage is politically activated. This key insight therefore offers a fundamental qualification to the institutionalism literature, by making an effort to understand the way in which regional diversity interacts with institutions through multidimensional political competition. The dissertation is divided in two parts: one theoretical and one empirical. First, I develop a formal model that illustrates the way in which parties’ second-dimension electoral incentives affect both the electoral stage and the subsequent post-electoral coalition bargaining among parties in national parliaments. The reason is that both right-wing and regionalist parties have incentives to increase the salience of the second dimension at the electoral stage to attract voters, and subsequently the coalition bargaining among parties in parliaments offers new opportunities for legislative coalitions. In the second part of the dissertation, I test the empirical implications at the macro-level, the meso-level and the individual-level. The main empirical results can be summarised as follows. First, I present empirical evidence according to which the legislative salience of the second dimension induces a negative effect on redistribution and a positive effect on the regionalisation of public policy. Second, I provide evidence which shows that both right-wing and regionalist parties strategically increase the electoral salience of the second dimension when they are “losers” on the first dimension. Finally, I illustrate the way in which the salience of the second dimension affects the formation of individual preferences for redistribution. In sum, this dissertation provides new arguments and empirical evidence that demonstrates how second dimensional politics can have profound redistributive consequences in parliamentary democracies.
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49

Silvera, Ginger. "Can Representativeness Decrease Youth Violence in Juvenile Detention Facilities?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgu_etd/67.

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Using the theory on Representative Bureaucracy, this study considers the minority representative role, which suggests that administrators who are minorities are more inclined to represent minority interests. This study examined whether officers perceive themselves as advocates based on shared demographics and whether they develop attitudes toward reducing youth violence. Considerably more researchers conduct studies in adult prisons than juvenile correctional facilities, which focus on rehabilitation for youth. Therefore, this study further examines youth correctional staff attitudes toward inmates. The way correctional officers' treat minors may impact the amount of violence in juvenile detention facilities. The purposes of the study are to determine whether bureaucratic representation can have an impact on preventing violence, and to understand what factors lead officers in perceiving they have different roles. The two types of bureaucratic representation are passive and active. Passive representation, such as race, ethnicity, and gender, may shape role perceptions because attitudes are constructed by demographic characteristics. Active representation consists of decision-making behavior reflected in measurable policy outputs that are responsive to minority interests. This dissertation seeks to determine whether minority officers perceive themselves in passive or active terms, and how that representation relates to their particular strategies for dealing with youth violence. To determine how officers perceive themselves, this study incorporated mixed methods of both qualitative and quantitative research to examine how officers implement decisions in their positions. This study uses survey research from the Performance Based Standards from the U.S. Department of Justice and interviews with individuals who worked with inmates in California juvenile detention facilities to determine the relationship between minority officers and attitudes toward youth violence. Regression models, including year, were conducted for each hypothesis as a predictor in the model. Multiple regression analysis was used to demonstrate the relationship between independent variables and a single dependent variable. The data have information on facilities as well as staff and inmates within those facilities. Due to the nested nature of the data, multilevel regression models were also conducted when examining outcomes measured at the staff and inmate level.
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50

Kerrigan, Austin. "Police accountability: the role of the complaints against police office." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31976980.

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