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1
Theuri, Naomi. "Indicators of NGOs Success & Impacts on NGOs Role in HIV Policy Process in Kenya." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21798.
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NGOs have been actively involved in both global and national policy processes resulting to promotion of human rights. However, NGOs involvement in policy process heavily depends on their success, since policy makers choose to engage only successful NGOs. In determining whether NGOs are successful, indicators of NGO success should be evident in their operations. This thesis focuses on three indicators of NGOs success namely, sufficient resources, embeddedness in the community and an already established success in the country where NGOs are geographically located, with an aim to show that successful NGOs have a role in policy process, and such NGOs promote enjoyment of rights such as right to health and freedom from discrimination. The indicators are related to each other and are equally important for an NGO to gain success. Therefore, indicators of NGOs success have great impact on NGOs success that has an impact on NGOs role in policy process.
2
Fuller, Sara Kristiina. "Environmental Justice in Europe: The Role for Environmental NGOs." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489659.
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This research stems from a normative concern about environmental justice and about how people, particularly those facing environmental threats, can become involved in policy making around environmental issues or have their concerns represented within the policy making process. Within Europe, there is increasing concern about a democratic deficit and a perceived gap between policy makers and citizens. In this context, the role ofNGOs is increasingly becoming important but there are concerns that NGO engagement in the EU policy process may weaken democratic policy making with regard to how the gap is bridged between policy makers and those affected by policies. The research has explored how and why NGOs engage with the EU policy making process around environmental issues. By asking questions about how NGOs prioritise environmental issues, the practices they undertake and the outcomes from their activity, the research assesses the role of NGOs in representing environmental issues within the EU policy process, and how their activity may promote or constrain the achievement of environmental justice in Europe. The research is based on a case study of the Via Baltica road corridor through Poland and the Baltic States, part of the Trans-European Transport Network. Interviews were carried out along the corridor and in Brussels with key stakeholders, including representatives from environmental NGOs and policy makers. The research found that, along the Via Baltica, NGOs have played a role in raising environmental issues at all levels of policy making and have the ability to engage with policy makers in proactive ways. However their concerns are biased in favour of nature protection and they do not represent the views of local residents in their activities. Moreover the opportunities for engagement and the nature of EU policy making impacts on the way that NGOs can engage with the policy process. Therefore whilst NGOs could, in principle, promote environmental justice in the EU, the structures they operate within and the practices adopted at different scales limit their ability to do so.
3
Afful, Kenneth Eduoku. "The role of NGOs in the development process : a case-study of NGO projects in Nepal." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332398.
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Kumari, Namita. "The Role of NGOs in Promoting Women Entrepreneurship in India." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/369251.
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Entrepreneurship is emerging as an important avenue in gaining economic independence for women. In last two decades (in post-liberalisation era), the economic reforms coupled with loosening of social restrictions has further provided an impetus to women to become entrepreneurs. According to the current trends most of the emerging women entrepreneurs are in small and micro enterprises. A cursory look at their situation highlights a number of major challenges faced by them. These challenges can be broadly classified as: lack of awareness, lack of information, difficulty in accessibility of finance, lack of easy access of entrepreneurial training and post training support, lack of market and network support, lack of self-confidence and managerial skills etc.
In recent times, the government has realised the importance of entrepreneurship as a prominent alternative to traditional wage employment in the new economy, and its role in increasing the pace of economic growth. Therefore, Indian government has come up with various special policy measures to help women entrepreneurs. However, there are major limitations among women entrepreneurs in accessing those facilities. These limitations arise due to various factors, such as: bureaucratic hassles, far reaching location of the government training centres, lack of transportation mainly in remote areas, restriction of government officials in terms of timing when women also have to perform household activities etc.
At this point, the NGOs emerge as a viable and important medium to support and promote women entrepreneurs. A number of NGOs in India are trying to help women entrepreneurs at various levels. To name a few, the AWAKE, the ICECD and the FIWE, three prominent NGOs in this field providing services to women entrepreneurs for more than 15 years. An attempt has been made in the present study to explore the approach and activities of the NGOs (considering the AWAKE, the ICECD and the FIWE as case study for the present research) in order to meet the above mentioned challenges. This also provides the answer to the central research questions of the present research.
It is important to highlight that a very limited number of substantial literatures are available on the NGOs and its contribution to the promotion of women entrepreneurship in India. The present study contributes significantly to the knowledge about the appropriate and effective approach of the NGOs to support women entrepreneurship in India. The study also highlights the various limitations of the NGOs while performing these activities. It is hoped that the finding will be helpful to the planners and policy makers in the field of women entrepreneurship. The study would also be great use to the researchers, professionals, corporate consultants and other NGOs interested in the field of entrepreneurship development in general and women entrepreneurship in particular.
5
Kumari, Namita. "The Role of NGOs in Promoting Women Entrepreneurship in India." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2013. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/876/1/Namita_Kumari.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Entrepreneurship is emerging as an important avenue in gaining economic independence for women. In last two decades (in post-liberalisation era), the economic reforms coupled with loosening of social restrictions has further provided an impetus to women to become entrepreneurs. According to the current trends most of the emerging women entrepreneurs are in small and micro enterprises. A cursory look at their situation highlights a number of major challenges faced by them. These challenges can be broadly classified as: lack of awareness, lack of information, difficulty in accessibility of finance, lack of easy access of entrepreneurial training and post training support, lack of market and network support, lack of self-confidence and managerial skills etc.
In recent times, the government has realised the importance of entrepreneurship as a prominent alternative to traditional wage employment in the new economy, and its role in increasing the pace of economic growth. Therefore, Indian government has come up with various special policy measures to help women entrepreneurs. However, there are major limitations among women entrepreneurs in accessing those facilities. These limitations arise due to various factors, such as: bureaucratic hassles, far reaching location of the government training centres, lack of transportation mainly in remote areas, restriction of government officials in terms of timing when women also have to perform household activities etc.
At this point, the NGOs emerge as a viable and important medium to support and promote women entrepreneurs. A number of NGOs in India are trying to help women entrepreneurs at various levels. To name a few, the AWAKE, the ICECD and the FIWE, three prominent NGOs in this field providing services to women entrepreneurs for more than 15 years. An attempt has been made in the present study to explore the approach and activities of the NGOs (considering the AWAKE, the ICECD and the FIWE as case study for the present research) in order to meet the above mentioned challenges. This also provides the answer to the central research questions of the present research.
It is important to highlight that a very limited number of substantial literatures are available on the NGOs and its contribution to the promotion of women entrepreneurship in India. The present study contributes significantly to the knowledge about the appropriate and effective approach of the NGOs to support women entrepreneurship in India. The study also highlights the various limitations of the NGOs while performing these activities. It is hoped that the finding will be helpful to the planners and policy makers in the field of women entrepreneurship. The study would also be great use to the researchers, professionals, corporate consultants and other NGOs interested in the field of entrepreneurship development in general and women entrepreneurship in particular.
6
Prompitak, Preeyaporn. "The role of NGOs in environmental conflict : a case study of Thailand." Thesis, University of Kent, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500533.
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Beasley, Sydney Brooks. "Implementing water and sanitation systems in rural India : the role of NGOs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118264.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2018.Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, 2018..
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 91-93).
NGOs are an important actor in rural India, and are increasingly important in implementing water and sanitation infrastructure. This thesis first systematically investigates physical conditions that lead to good bacteriological water quality in rural India, and then investigates how NGOs are inserting themselves into this space. Ultimately, this work examines under what conditions NGOs are effective in advancing water and sanitation systems, with a focus on how they build up, empower, and utilize local community organizations to do so. Thus, the strategies of two NGOs working in rural India that have facilitated the implementation of water and sanitation infrastructure are analyzed using an extension of Field Theory by Asad & Kay (2014). The way these NGOs create alliances, use resources, and change frames to advance water and sanitation infrastructure are similar in some ways, while distinct in others. This analysis demonstrates that these organizations are able to harmonize and negotiate their development agenda with that of the state in order to make progress in water and sanitation systems. Combining a systems analysis of rural communities' water quality with an analysis of strategies of NGOs illuminates practical implications for how policymakers can expect these organizations to incorporate new technologies and policies.
by Sydney Brooks Beasley.
M.C.P.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
8
Yangchen, Lhamu Karma. "State, NGOs and Tribal development: study in Doors Region of West Bengal with special reference to the role of the non governmental organisations since 1991." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2789.
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Aljabiri, Janan. "The new political settlement in Iraq : an examination of the role of Shi’a NGOs." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.665414.
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Шкарупа, Олена Василівна, Елена Васильевна Шкарупа, Olena Vasylivna Shkarupa, and I. Shkarupa. "Problems and perspectives of environmental NGOs role as a key component of sustainable policy." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2004. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/23313.
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Magi, Dante. "(Dis)empowering marginalized children? : Local NGOs’ role for social capital in Eastern Congo (DRC)." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och psykologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-25127.
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Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): one of the richest nations in natural resources; one of the poorest in human rights. In the past decades, DRC has undergone two civil wars, alongside with a history of exploitive colonization. In North Kivu Province, DRC’s most volatile province, non-government organizations (NGOs) take leading roles to provide welfare for marginalized groups, such as orphans, children involved in armed conflicts or living on the streets. This case study aims to describe how two local NGOs operate in order to explore the ways they are making use of social capital to empower marginalized children in North Kivu Province. I chose empowerment and social capital theories combined with a contextualized model of analysis created by the author and based on meaning condensation to analyze the interviews collected from eight workers from NGOs specialized in child welfare. The main findings (1) reinforce that networks between and among NGOs have great potential to impact positively the work on marginalized groups and (2) highlight that volunteer participation and community leaders have vital roles in such organizations.République Démocratique du Congo (RDC) : un des pays les plus riches en ressources naturelles ; une des plus pauvres en droit de l’homme. Pendant les deux dernières décennies, RDC a enduré deux guerres civiles ajoutées à une histoire d’exploitation coloniale. À la province du Nord Kivu, la région la plus volatile de DRC, organisations non gouvernementales (ONGs) jouent un rôle principal d’apporter assistance aux groupes marginalisés tels comme orphelins, enfants engagés aux conflits armés et enfants (dit) de la rue. Cette étude de cas se propose à décrire comment deux ONGs locales fonctionnent afin d’explorer leurs respectives utilisations de capital social pour épanouir des enfants marginalisés au Nord Kivu. J’ai choisi les théories de capital social et d’autonomisation liés à un modèle d’analyses créé par l’auteur et basée sur la méthode condensation deiiisignification pour analyser les interviews collectées de huit employés d’ONGs spécialisées dans l’assistance aux enfants marginalisés. Les conclusions générales (1) renforcent que les réseaux entre et dedans les organisations ont la potentialité d’avoir un impact positif sur le travail avec des groupes marginalisés et (2) soulignent que l’engagement volontaire et la participation de leaders communautaire jouent rôles capitaux dans ces organisations.
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Isbäck, Signe. "Climate Change Communication by Development NGOs : An Analysis of The Potential Role of Marketization." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-403094.
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This thesis sets out to answer how development NGOs frame climate change in the wake of the Agenda 2030 and assess what factors might be at play in shaping the universal framing of climate change as emphasized in the SDGs. While there are several factors which might influence the framing of climate change used by NGOs, this study focuses on marketization as a potential explanatory factor. By drawing on theories of marketization, organizational uncertainties and climate justice, this thesis analyzes how the two selected cases, ActionAid and Diakonia, discursively frame and communicate about the issue of climate change in material on their websites. The findings suggest that there exists a relationship between the organization’s levels of marketization and the framing of climate change. Through discourse analysis, the findings of this study point to how a lower level of marketization seems to correspond with a larger incorporation of ‘climate justice discourse’ and the adoption of the universal framing of climate change as emphasized in the SDGs. On the other hand, a higher level of marketization seems to correspond with a more traditional framing of development aid and climate change, with an emphasis on climate actions mainly targeted towards the Global South. However, as this is a comparative case-study and the first to research this specific topic, future studies are needed in order to produce more generalizable and robust results.
13
Gali, Priya Antony, and n/a. "The significance of the role of non-governmental organisations in development in India." University of Canberra. Administrative Studies, 1996. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060711.122120.
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The research reported in this thesis examines the various factors which
influence the role of NGOs in development in India. Despite the centrality
of NGOs to the development process in the projects examined, little effort
has been made to look at existing experience in terms of what works and
what does not work in actual practice. This study attempts to analyse the
importance and effectiveness of NGOs through the documentation and
analysis of the experiences of five NGOs. The five NGOs are: CERTH
India and RDI, in the union territory of Pondicherry; ASHA and GRAM, in
Krishna and Adilabad districts respectively in the state of Andra Pradesh;
and PMDS, in the South Arcot district of the state of Tamil Nadu.
These five organisations have spent the five to 15 years organising their
respective client communities. The local organisations that have come
into existence through their efforts have reached a stage at which village
units have federated and are displaying self-management skills to varying
degrees. Specific dimensions of the NGOs examined in this study/
include: influencing factors related to their communities and
environments; objectives, strategies, structure and functioning, focusing
on community participation, vulnerable groups, empowerment,
sustainability, the importance of participatory evaluation and participatory
research in an NGO; administration and accountability of NGOs; and
enabling relations and collaborations which have to be fostered between
government and NGOs on the one hand, and global institutions and
NGOs on the other.
The main approach used in this study was the use of In-depth, openended,
informal interviews and discussions based on pre-planned
questions, with a range of NGO staff and members of the organisations.
Direct contact with some of the beneficiaries, a literature review, and
project reports and records also aided the study.
The results showed that strategies and techniques used by the NGOs are
valuable for attaining self-reliant development. Holistic development is
best achieved when the organisation aims at transforming all the
important dimensions of people's lives through the process of collective
reflection and action on the forces that presently prevent them from
developing.
14
Allen, William Graham. "Can we end the death penalty? The role of NGOs in the world-wide campaign." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/33595.
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The death penalty that as recently as the end of the Second World War was prevalent and largely uncontested is now at a point where universal abolition appears to be achievable. The causes of the accelerating rate of abolition are examined, and the author critically assesses these causes to see if they would be sufficient to propel the abolitionist cause towards ultimate success. For this purpose, three case studies are presented diagnosing the capital punishment situation in three very different jurisdictions, the Philippines, Pakistan and the U.S.A. Interviews were conducted with knowledgeable persons and there was an extensive literature review. The author's findings are then related to the ongoing involvement of NGOs and, by studying previous successes such as the campaigns against slavery and torture, the question of how NGOs can be more effective in future is considered. This involves analysis of the international legal personality of NGOs and the manner in which norms of customary international law develop. From all of this research and analysis, the author concludes with a proposal to launch a new Campaign for the Universal Abolition of the Death Penalty on July 11, 2011. This would be a 30-year campaign, with measurable milestones at 5-year intervals, and comprehensive strategies to embrace the diverse situations involved.
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Lee, Ju-Young. "Restructuring women's employment in South Korea, 1997-2005 : the role of the state and NGOs." Thesis, University of Essex, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572805.
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Throughout the development process of Korea, women workers had been invisible in the state's development policies as capable actors for or important contributors to economic growth. After the East Asian economic crisis hit Korea in late 1997, women workers experienced their invisibility again, in the academic discussions on the cause of the crisis, the official statistics on unemployment and non-standard employment, and the male-dominated labour movement. This research aims to turn the spotlight on these women workers by investigating how women's employment in Korea was restructured between 1997 and 2005. After the economic crisis, Korean women workers became the first and main target of neo-liberal restructuring in the labour market and employment for the enhancement of 'labour market flexibility'. They were the first to be targeted for involuntary dismissals and the 'non- standardisation' of employment. This was the outcome of the patriarchal perceptions and ideology of labour market institutions as 'bearers of gender', on women workers and the value of their labour. In other words, women workers were regarded as secondary earners and peripheral workers suitable for non-standard employment. Not detaching itself from the legacy of the developmental state which had stressed the economy any other issues, the Korean state played a leading role in this neo-liberal restructuring in women's employment. It legalised layoffs and the worker dispatch system, abandoned its roles as supervisor, regulator, and executor of the protective laws and regulations for gender discriminating practices in the labour market, led the increase of female non-standard workers in the public sector, and did not develop systematic vocational training for women with proper financial support nor gender-transformative view on women's employment. Meanwhile, with the state's financial support, Korean women's NGOs played a positive role in offering vocational training for those women who needed to find employment urgently after the crisis. At the same time, they played a limited role in curtailing non-standard employment and gender occupational segregation because their vocational training programmes tended to bring gender-stereotyped work and/or non-standard employment to their trainees. However, women's NGOs played a crucial role in helping women workers to mobilise themselves through innovative organisations, such as self-help groups and women-only labour unions. Women workers in these organisations have endeavoured to challenge to the gendered labour market and neo-liberalism by creating their own employment or mobilising themselves beyond differences, so as to make themselves more 'visible'.
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Khoo, Su-Ming. "Democracy and development in Malaysia : the role of think tanks and NGOs as discursive agents." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300607.
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Pritchard, Nicola F. "Disentangling water governance in Dar es Salaam : the role of NGOs and community water provision." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8328/.
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This thesis aims to provide a contemporary account of the Dar es Salaam’s water sector as well as the role of the myriad stakeholders involved in it, taking into account the complexity history of the city’s water governance. As a rapidly growing city over recent years, the infrastructure of Dar es Salaam’s municipal system has not been updated for a significant period of time. As such, the areas served by this system face intermittent and piecemeal coverage whereas other large sections of the city are forced to come up with alternative, often expensive water resources that are unreliable and at times, unsafe. This thesis attempts to explore the lived realities of the individuals who reside in these unserved areas, and the ways in which community-based organisations and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) play a role in the city’s water sector. Through analysis of community-level water provision schemes in two case study areas of Dar es Salaam, this research provides a thorough account of the ways in which water resources are managed, debated and utilised at the local level and the challenges faces by these local organisations. In addition, through an observational research at two local NGOs working in the water sector in Dar es Salaam, this research examines these organisations’ place within the city’s broader water governance framework, as well as how they operate and prioritise their day to day work and their outputs. This research also takes into account the national and international policy environment, as well as the ways in which Tanzania’s socio- political history has influenced the current means of water governance. Through an exploration of the prevalent discourses in policy creation and implementation and the aforementioned stakeholders in the water sector, this thesis examines the multitude of influences on Dar es Salaam’s water governance, as well as the tensions that arise between rhetoric and reality, and the impacts these have upon its citizens.
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Mwanza, Peggy. "Role of non-governmental organisations in basic education policy reform in Lusaka province of Zambia." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8943.
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Through an exploration and analysis of the roles of Non-Government Organisations (NGOs) in education policy reform particularly at the Basic Education level in Zambia, this thesis argues that over the past few decades, NGOs have become increasingly visible. Indeed, since the 1990s, many NGOs supporting education have entered the arena of advocacy and policy dialogue with government; yet the success of internationally recognised goals - such as Education For All (EFA) – seem as remote as ever. To address the concern regarding the role of NGOs in education policy, qualitative methodological approaches were utilised. These included interviews, participant observation, focus group discussions and documentary analysis. This research finds that the participation of NGOs in Basic Education Policy Reform in Zambia needs to be “reformulated” to end problems concerning access, inequity and quality in education. Although NGOs are involved in policy through their roles as service providers and policy advocates, the majority depend on foreign donor funding which creates tensions between government strategies and donor priorities. Due to their dependence on international funding NGOs in Lusaka province appear to have made a limited contribution to educational developments. The government of Zambia, because of its indebtness, has accepted neo-liberal policies in education which are frequently tied to conditionalities in aid packages. Therefore, it has been found that NGOs have helped the neo-liberal agenda of donors rather than the needs of local communities and schools. The conclusion one must draw, is that if NGOs are to contribute to minimising educational problems, they need to support policies that are indigenous that put educational needs of all children, especially the marginalised and vulnerable, first.
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Erdem, Cagri. "Governance of transboundary environmental crisis in the Aral Sea Basin the role of Uzbek environmental NGOs /." Related electronic resource:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1342745161&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3739&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Tsang, Kwok-ping Agnes, and 曾幗屏. "International environmental NGOs' rising role in education for sustainability through ecological citizenship : the Hong Kong case." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/198866.
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Education is supposed to advance humans towards the common good and a better future, but the present environmental education in trend has largely failed to inculcate a social perception of nature as is required in education for sustainability. The world is facing an ecological crisis as a result of unrestrained exploitation of natural resources and pollution; while the sustainability movement remains sluggish as prevailing citizenship education in the national context continues to serve dominant values through the top-down approach and fall behind actual needs in reforming societies. Outdated thinking of citizenship and the absence of civil society involvement are argued to be the main factors slowing down education for sustainability. Ecological citizenship as an emerging concept to address world sustainability suggests a stronger role to be played by the civil society particularly in renewing the political obligations of citizens towards their unsustainable relationship with nature. A paradigm shift in educational values towards critical pedagogy should encompass environmental justice and ecological footprint to reflect the global dynamics of environmental issues today. International environmental non-government organizations can capture opportunities of this rising role, as affirmed by the Hong Kong case analyzing the work of Greenpeace and WWF and views of local key stakeholders taking part in this movement. Through their usual environmental governance work in the forms of advocacy and stakeholder engagement, international environmental non-government organizations can foster more community-based sustainability education in formal, non-formal and informal settings through the more bottom-up tripartite approach of government-business-civil society.published_or_final_version
Education
Master
Master of Education
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Sua, Yttrium. "Bridging the Blue-Green Divide: The Role of Environmental NGOs in Tackling Environmental Problems in Taiwan." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/133.
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This thesis attempts to provide a brief historical outline of the environmental movement in Taiwan and the unique political situation that has directly affected how the movement has progressed. Thereafter, it looks at some examples of environmental disputes that have occurred in recent years, paying special attention to the ways the environmental movement has interacted with the government. This provides the background to frame the analysis, which will shed light on the reasons for the current state of distrust and antagonistic interactions between the environmental movement and the government. Finally, the thesis evaluates whether such interactions with the government is helpful for the environmental movement in achieving its goals, while suggesting other possible models of environmentalism in Taiwan.
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Mubecua, Mandla Abednico. "The role of Non-Governmental Organisations toward addressing poverty in the Nkomazi Local Municipality in Mpumalanga." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1732.
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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters of Development Studies in the Department of Anthropology and Development Studies at the University Of Zululand, 2018The aim of this study is to assess the role of NGOs in addressing poverty, and it was conducted in the Mpumalanga province, under Nkomazi Local Municipality. This study situates the development of NGOs within the theoretical frameworks of Keynesianism, the neo-liberal economic system, and from the theory of NGOs as a third sector. The Keynesian system holds that increased government expenditure results in a corresponding increase in economic output. The Keynesians welfare system supports the active participation of government in the economy. However, at the height of the Keynesian economy, NGOs did not receive due attention. The policies of the Keynesian economy did not support NGOs until the role of the multilateral organisations rose to prominence, and it was then that NGOs gained recognition. Problems with Keynesian economics led to the emergence of neo-liberalism, and neo-liberalism shaped policy in a way that favoured economic growth through the Market. It was within the framework of neo-liberalism that NGOs arose to prominence. This occurred under the auspices of multilateral organisations which encouraged the rise of NGOs. However, the poor performance of the State and the Market, with regards to poverty and development gave rise to the emergence of NGOs as a third sector. Literature relating to this study further shows that the operation of NGOs as a third sector depended on factors such as leadership, management, adaptability, financial capacity, corruption, and accountability. The present study adopts a mixed-method approach. This entails the integration of positivism and interpretivism into a philosophy of post-positivism. Therefore, this study uses both qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data was collected through structured interviews, while quantitative data was collected by questionnaires. The qualitative data were analysed by content analysis, the quantitative data were analysed by SPSS. The findings of this study show that NGOs mostly experience the following challenges: high staff turnover, mostly because of low wages; limited resources, and a lack of permanent structures from which to work. Even though NGOs experience these challenges, the results of this study show that the NGOs in the study area are able to adapt and work in an environment characterised by limited resources. Lastly, regardless of the challenges experienced by NGOs, this study shows that NGOs have a role in poverty reduction. In terms of recommendations, this study recommends that NGO sponsors should pay attention to the challenges relating to the buildings structures where NGOs’ operate. The study also recommends that NGO sponsors have to review the wages of NGO workers against the wages of retails workers. Moreover, it is further recommended that NGO staff needed to be capacitated by developing some skills, such as proposal writing. Lastly, this study recommends that NGOs develop new strategies for sustaining themselves, such as starting other income streams. All-in-all, the study concludes that NGOs in the Nkomazi Local Municipality play a meaningful role in addressing symptoms of poverty.
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Offei, Sarfo. "The role of NGOs and Local Government in the socio-economic development of Lambussie Karni district, Ghana." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-71971.
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Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) scramble for Africa which begun in 1980 and 90’s as a result of the introduction of Structural Adjusted Policies (SAP) by the neo-liberalist which are; International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank was purposely meant for free market economy, less government intervention in the economy in order to raise competition, induce rapid growth and economic development. The introduction of SAP resulted to a vacuum in the provision of welfare in Ghana especially in the remote areas. Since the introduction of SAP bilateral and multilateral institutions are increasingly entrusting NGOs to carry out the needs of the people more than government. This has led to a myriad explosion of local and international NGOs in Ghana for development purposes. Though the rural poor are the primary aim for NGOs and District Assembly (DA) activities, they are often the least to be contacted on the implementation and formulation of programs or projects in terms of priorities and interventions. The materials and methods used in the write up of this thesis include field survey, interviews and literature study. Both primary and secondary data was used. Purposive sampling is adopted based on the objectives of the study. Forty households were selected in order to interview project participants since they were expected to have first-hand knowledge of the organizations projects and activities. This was supplemented with interviews with focus group discussion, key informants, international and local NGOs and government officials’ interviews were made. The study emphasized that NGOs suffer from external agenda-setting which makes their programs or projects rigidly defined and create new dependencies. This prevents them from carrying out other actions apart from those initially foreseen in the project or program (not flexible) (top-down). Interventions have not benefited the people and lack of transparency and co-ordination among the NGOs and the DA is a primary problem in the study area. The stakeholders often contribute to an all-ready decided projects or programs and participated in past development programs or projects as laborers. Clientelist has weakened the DA system in Lambussie. There has not been any training for sustainable self-reliant organizations by the nine NGOs operating in Karni. Also it was evident from the study that farmers have not made any collective efforts to improve their marketing situation in the area and neither has NGOs and DA made any effort to improve farmers marketing situation. The study made the following suggestions; access to improved infrastructures, availability of unrestricted funds from donors, education and gender issues, enhancing micro-credit schemes and small scale industries, modernization of agricultural productivity, transparency and accountability—of which would help to improve DA and NGOs activities and achieve sustainable food security in Karni.
24
Rahman, Md Mizanur. "Sanitation interventions in the urban informal settlements of Bangladesh : the role of government, NGOs and the grassroots." Thesis, Durham University, 2012. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3923/.
Full textAbstract:
The Bangladeshi capital, Dhaka, is the world’s fastest growing primate city, having nearly 15 million people and approximately 6 million living in slum areas. Their high population density and growth rates, coupled with inadequate and inappropriate water and sanitation (WatSan) facilities, are creating social, economic and environmental effects. Until recently, several attempts have been made to provide infrastructure services to those slums. But the extent of the services is unsatisfactory due to resource constraints and a burdensome concentration of slums that contaminates the city ecology on a broad-spectrum. In consequence, the trend of development ventures through government (GO) and non-government organizations (NGO) is not only disappointing but also questionable due to disastrous project histories. The complex social dynamics of these informal settlements, together with inappropriate or inadequate WatSan facilities and incompetent governance systems obstruct the pace of sanitation interventions. Apart from this, Bangladesh has succumbed to political indiscretion and bureaucratic intemperance which have severely diminished the capacity of the GOs and NGOs to perform at a reasonable level. The result is all round deterioration in the quality and adequacy of the urban basic services and people of the informal settlements are the worst sufferers. It is widely recognized that the poor communities mostly have no proven demand for improved sanitation facilities, as their basic priority, rather, is managing their next meal. In this situation, some NGOs have come forward with their ‘flexible’ and ‘tailor-made’ working strategies developed from previous project experiences whereas government agencies are more geared to ‘facilitation’ and continue with their ‘supply-driven' strategy, ignoring criticisms and pitfalls. As one of the most dysfunctional sectors in Bangladesh, urban sanitation is traumatized and its coverage is affected by several interconnecting factors while the government continues to bypass questions related to slum improvement arguing that the slums are illegal settlements and do not qualify for government services. Several NGOs have come forward to work in the urban sanitation sector and in most instances, the poor slum-dwellers have appreciated the NGOs’ participatory working strategies. In fact the dynamics of the ‘social-technological-governance’ system of the slum areas often determines the success of sanitation interventions. In this research, the vibrant dynamics of ‘social-technological-governance’ systems and the roles of GO-NGO service providers and beneficiaries in the selected slums are critically analysed through a qualitative methodology and a bottom-up approach that has the potential to identify inherent policy weaknesses and factors that facilitate or hinder the successful implementation of sanitation programmes. This research is entirely based on empirical evidences and the qualitative assessment of field data that were collected from five informal settlements of Dhaka city and associated GO-NGO sources. The outcome of this research suggests that the impacting factors are not equally weighted in WatSan projects as some could be defined as crucial and influencing factors that shape other interrelated factors. In order to smoothen the pathways of different WatSan projects it is necessary to carefully identify and restrict those problem-breeding factors on a priority basis. This research also describes different stakeholders’ practices and links with existing policies to identify the gaps between them. Here, the proposals are made for reality-based, short-term and long-term solutions and policy recommendations that might offer guidelines for addressing the overwhelming slum sanitation agenda in urban Bangladesh.
25
Poole, Penelope L. "Conflict management as an ADB poverty reduction strategy, a role for NGOs : case study of Mindanao, Philippines." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ62034.pdf.
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Nel, Sonnika. "The role of social workers in promoting environmental justice for sustainable communities From NGOs' perspective in Tshwane." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/76743.
Full textAbstract:
In 2015, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development was adopted by state nations across
the globe to eradicate poverty in all its forms, combat inequality, preserve the planet, create
sustainable economic growth and foster social inclusion (United Nations, 2015:5). Social work
is committed to contributing to sustainable development through the Global Agenda for Social
Work and Social Development (2012). When social workers promote sustainable development,
both social and environmental justice are equally important and also interrelated.
The goal of the study was to explore and describe the role of social workers in promoting
environmental justice to achieve sustainable communities from Non-governmental
organisations’ perspective in Tshwane.
The researcher used the qualitative research approach. The study was both explorative and
descriptive. The study used an instrumental case study design and the type of research was both
basic and applied. The research sample of 10 social workers from the Tshwane area was
purposively selected, and data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews. The findings derived from the study showed that social workers in practice are aware of the
interrelatedness between communities and the physical environment, but that the environment
is not always consciously integrated in their interventions. Furthermore, social workers can
identify the need for green social work. However, although they are unsure of how to practise
green social work, some social workers are already promoting sustainability in their
communities, albeit without always realising their involvement with environmental justice. The
study concluded that there is a growing awareness amongst social workers of the
interrelatedness between social justice and environmental justice and that, in promoting social
justice, they should incorporate environmental justice. Furthermore, traditional social work
roles could be employed to promote environmental justice and sustainable communities by
adopting green social work as theoretical framework (Dominelli, 2012).
The study recommends a raised awareness of green social work amongst social workers,
interventions with a view to do community-building and present training opportunities for
social workers to equip them with the skills to practice green social work through focused
interventions. Further research on social work practice is required to shift existing social work
practice to integrated social, economic and environmental development that promote
sustainable communities.Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Social Work and Criminology
MSW
Unrestricted
27
Som, Borann. "Working Together for Good Governance: The Role of NGOs in Corruption Prevention in the Cambodian Public Sector." Thesis, Curtin University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/59667.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this research is to explore how NGOs can become more effective in combating public sector corruption in Cambodia. In doing so, this study adopted a phenomenological approach of inquiry. As a result, it contributes to theory through the development of two different but interrelated conceptual frameworks. Also, it informs policy and practice by providing a conceptual roadmap for designing strategic directions and action for enhancing resistance to corruption in public sector organization.
28
Simoncini, Anna <1993>. "The migration crisis and the fundamental role of NGOs during search and rescue operations in the Mediterranean." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/14386.
Full textAbstract:
The dissertation discusses the role played by NGOs in carrying out search and rescue operations in the Mediterranean area from 2014 up to the early 2018. The dissertation begins introducing the issue of the migration crisis and its evolution over the years, then it focuses on the Conventions which rule the rescue operations at sea and the states’ responsibilities within each SAR zone. Subsequently, the non-refoulement principle is introduced since it is the cornerstone of international law on which the Dublin Regulation and its reforms are based and govern the management of migration flows in the Mediterranean area. In order to save life at sea, European states and European agencies undertook numerous operations, but their commitment was not sufficient, thus the NGOs entered into action. The dissertation lists the main NGOs which intervened, focusing also on the accusations they have been subjected to, and the defence they brought against them. Furthermore, the dissertation analyses the two Codes of Conduct which have been set up in order to regulate NGOs’ activities. Finally, it analyses the issues of migrants’ human rights, the legislation which rules their respect, and violations that have occurred within some bilateral agreements and juridical cases. After that, some controversial cases involving NGOs are described. Lastly, the dissertation refers to the removal of the NGOs from the Mediterranean Sea in the late 2018, and the intervention of the Mediterranea organization. The dissertation ends sustaining the thesis that the Mediterranean countries are facing a humanitarian more than a migration crisis, and makes some possible forecasts about the future of NGOs and migrants’ conditions.
29
Njoke, Molua Stephen. "The Role of European Non-Governmental Organisation (NGOs) in the Development and Democratisation of Cameroon : Challenges and Prospects." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-11803.
Full textAbstract:
Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) from Europe have been very active in the field of development in third world countries. This thesis therefore is based on the topic ‘The Role of European Non Governmental Organisations in the Development and Democratisation of Cameroon.Challenges and Prospects’. Increasing fundings from the EU and the national governments of these organisations have been made available to these NGOs to carry out development projects in the south but unfortunately as reports say, the level of global poverty has been rising especially in Africa that has 30 nations among the world’s poorest 32 nations (UNHDR 2005). Taking Cameroon as a case since 1990 is because of the researcher’s interest in that country’s poverty reduction programmes as well as decentralisation which are in line with the activities of the European NGOs. In critically looking at their roles, attention is focused on the following NGOs: The Netherlands Development Organisation (SNV Highlands), The Swiss Association for International Cooperation (HELVETAS) and Plan International- Cameroon which is a UK based organisation. The previous two have been working in Cameroon for over twenty five years in the field of development. Some of their projects carried out are looked into also and some of the challenges they face in the field. From this point, we could know if there are prospects for economic development or not.
Possible theories like Osvaldo Sunkel’s ‘External Dependence and National Development Policy’ would be reviewed but the main theory however will be Democratisation theory that can suit the role of civil societies and NGOs. Analysis of related literature or document will be the methodology used because of the inability to undertake field research. It is hoped that this work will provide an additional framework on which development organisations can rely in the fight against poverty and underdevelopment in third world countries.
30
Wallace, Carolyn M. "Mitra Sejara, exploring the role of Modern Indonesian Women's NGOs as conduits for public participation into policy formation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22105.pdf.
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Shochat, Sharon. "Oil and women's political participation : a sub-national assessment of the role of protests and NGOs in Nigeria." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1029/.
Full textAbstract:
The resource curse literature, which links natural resource abundance with negative political and economic outcomes, is largely based on large-N cross-national studies. This thesis examines the effects of oil production on women’s political participation at the sub-national level, comparing the 36 states in the Nigerian federation, of which some are oil-producing. Shedding new light on the negative effects of oil production at the local and community level, and exploring the gender-related dimensions of the resource curse, I argue that the effect of oil varies across different forms of political activity: while oil production may have a negative impact on women’s legislative participation, it can also have a positive impact on non-formal types of political participation, specifically protest and NGO activity. I further suggest that the underlying trigger for both of these effects is oil’s impact on women’s work, which is manifested differently at national and local levels. The analysis is based on a mixed-methods approach that combines quantitative and qualitative tools, including original datasets on oil production and legislative participation, women’s protests, and women-led NGOs across Nigeria’s states. The combination of evidence offers a wide-ranging repertoire of the impact of oil on women. Drawing on historical evidence and women’s testimonies, this thesis suggests that oil production has negatively affected women’s labour force participation in Nigeria, while women’s work in oil-producing states has been further diminished due to environmental degradation and regional militarisation. The extremely low levels of female legislative participation in Nigeria at both the national and state levels are linked with the negative impact of oil on women’s work. Analysing a dataset of press reports and a directory of Nigerian NGOs to compare oil and non-oil producing states in the Nigerian federation, this thesis finds strong evidence for the impact of oil on women’s non-formal political participation at the local level, in oil-producing states. Thus, evidence from Nigeria suggests that oil production may have a dual effect on women’s political participation – undermining formal participation while increasing non-formal participation,a finding that adds to our understanding of the resource curse, women’s political participation, and the link between the two.
32
Das, A. K. (Ashok Kumar). "The role of NGOs in improving shelter for the poor : a critical analysis of case studies from India." Master's thesis, Kansas State University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/36028.
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Bartholdson, Örjan. "From slaves to princes : the role of NGOs in the contemporary construction of race and ethnicity in Salvador, Brazil /." Stockholm : Department of Social Anthropology, Stockholm University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6986.
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Gursoy, Ege Hazar. "The Role Of Civil Society In Democratic Consolidation Process Of Georgia Between 2003 And 2011." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613647/index.pdf.
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The aim of this thesis is to analyze the last phrase of democratization process in Georgia that refers to democratic consolidation period, while focusing on the role of civil society organizations. The main focus area will be post-Rose Revolution period hence, the Rose Revolution that occurred in 2003 is considered as an example of democratic transition and as a nature of successful democratization development, the transition period must be followed by the democratic consolidation process. In order to examine the consolidation of democracy in Georgia, the study sheds light on the development of civil society, the aims of activities of civil societal actors and their relations with state, society, international actors and media. This thesis argues that in order to consolidate democracy, the civil society&rsquos interaction with state and society must be effectual however, the Georgian civil society organizations are unable to mediate the relations with state and society, especially after the Rose Revolution. As a result of the problematic relations, Georgian democratic consolidation process is failing. This thesis is based on the qualitative data which is collected during a fieldwork in Georgia.
35
Mietala, Johanna. "What role do environmental NGOs take in local governance of urban green space? : A qualitative mapping of interventions in Stockholm County." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-80514.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study is to contribute to the bottom-up perspective in the study of civil society participation in local government decisions regarding urban green space. The study investigates what role civic actors set out to take and traces their engagement in the municipal decision-making processes. A descriptive theoretical framework is created to categorize environmental Non-Governmental Organizations' (NGO) strategies to intervene in the municipally governed green space planning within Stockholm County. With a theoretical basis in sociological and political science studies of social movements and public participation, I assess: 1) the timing of an intervention in the municipal planning process 2) degree of NGO collaboration with municipal authorities, and 3) the consensus or conflict driven nature of their approach towards the municipal authorities. Data on the interventions was collected from newsletters, meeting protocols and comments on development plans from the website of two prominent NGO as well as interviews with six activists in the Stockholm region. The distribution of the interventions found in Stockholm shows that reactive, non-participatory and conflict-driven strategies are the most common combination, although one third of the interventions have a participatory approach towards the municipality and a few interventions work to make a change by initiating consensus among stakeholders. Interviews with civic actors suggest that a lack of resources and low expected impact on official planning decisions hinders proactive and consensus-driven engagement, but also broken promises and a lack of responsiveness by municipal authorities can catalyze civic actors towards more conflictual methods of engagement. Further research topics of an explanatory nature on distribution and dynamics of interventions in the new theoretical framework are suggested based on reflections from the interviews.
36
Lam, Wai-shan Jovi, and 林偉珊. "An analysis of the role of non-government organizations (NGOs) in the implementation of the employees retraining policy in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31965891.
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Lam, Wai-shan Jovi. "An analysis of the role of non-government organizations (NGOs) in the implementation of the employees retraining policy in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21038107.
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Mendy, Marion G. "Constructing Disability Identities in The Gambia: The Role of Disability NGOs, Societal Norms, and Lived Experiences in Shaping the Identities of Differently Abled Gambians." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1588944826640134.
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Scheld, Patrick. "Who Really Controls Haiti's Destiny? An examination of Haiti's Historical Underdevelopment, Endless Poverty, and the Role played by Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2018. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/836.
Full textAbstract:
The presence of NGOs and development agencies is often considered an apolitical phenomenon, and that the very presence of NGOs within a country is a symbol of a global humanity in action; in short, NGOs equal charity which equals good work. Unfortunately, the reality is often much more complicated as NGOs can also be found to be self-serving, anti-democratic and strictly in pursuit of their next funding source. In this thesis I advance the central hypothesis that the international community’s continued pursuit of an NGO-led neoliberal economic development model has systematically failed to contribute to the sustainable development of Haiti because they pursue the wrongs means of achieving poverty alleviation goals.
Throughout its history, Haiti has continuously been caught between the aspirations of its people and the legacy of foreign interventions. The recent trend of implementing neoliberal development goals and strategies, supported and executed by NGOs, has focused on the promotion of economic growth as a means to eradicate poverty. However, this strategy is an ineffective method at producing positive changes in well-being, the economy, or the environment (Edmonds, 2010; Shamsie, 2012). I argue that the relationship between NGOs and their donors continuously undermines the Haitian’s right to self-sufficiency that would lead to self-determination and enable the Haitian people to control their own destiny.
A new approach for addressing extreme poverty in Haiti must be rooted in a different set of values and beliefs; a different outlook that puts morality, humanity, equality and the environment at the forefront. A new development path that is not based on a growth economy but focused on human well-being and environmental conservation. NGOs will need to enact increasingly participatory and transparent practices that allows for a development path that can regulated and determined by the Haitians themselves.
40
Moikowa, Robert Tamba [Verfasser]. "Capacity building for poverty reduction : the role of foreign NGOs ; a case study of the northern region in Ghana/ Robert Tamba Moikowa." Dortmund : Universitätsbibliothek Technische Universität Dortmund, 2005. http://d-nb.info/1011533669/34.
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Frame, John. "Exploring the role of religious faith in distinguishing Christian faith-based organisations from secular NGOs working with women and children in Cambodia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:326d3ad2-27a6-4cea-a76f-ddb8412b1c14.
Full textAbstract:
Faith-based organisations (FBOs) and secular non-governmental organisations (NGOs) are significant service providers in the developing world, yet limited research has systematically compared these organisations. Adding knowledge to the field about the faith-based and secular actors implementing social policy, this thesis explores the extent to which, and why, religious faith might distinguish Christian FBOs from secular NGOs. It elucidates this by comparing organisations working with women and children in Cambodia who have been sexually trafficked, abused, or involved in the sex trade. Analysing data from thirteen Christian FBOs and twelve secular NGOs, including from interviews, websites and organisational documents, this study examines the ways in which religious faith in FBOs distinguished their: 1) goals and missions, 2) motivations, 3) approaches to care, and 4) conceptions of successâareas of research that have had limited exploration in a development context. An existing typology is built upon and operationalised in the study that, in particular, de-complexifies the process of categorising FBOs and allows for more accurately classifying secular NGOs. Faith was found to distinguish FBOs from secular NGOs in all four of the dimensions comparatively examined in this thesis. The findings illuminate the ways in which FBOs understood and integrated faith in their organisations, providing a richer understanding of the role of religious faith in FBOs. It is argued that the contrasts between the two types of organisations, in terms of faith, relate to both the infusion of faith in FBOs and the development context in which they workâa concept referred to here as Context-Infusion Convergence. This theory ensures the study's wider significance, providing an avenue for future comparative research on FBOs and secular NGOs in other geographical locations. This thesis thus empirically examines the extent to which faith may distinguish FBOs from their secular counterparts and provides theoretical insight about why these differences may exist. Doing so, it adds to knowledge about religious faith in FBOs and in the study of social policy.
42
Knauer, Cecily Anne. "RESTRUCTURING BIRTH: NEOLIBERAL SHIFTS IN MATERNITY CARE, THE ROLE OF NGOS, AND THE IMPACT ON MIDWIVES AND BIRTHPARENTS IN THE PHILADELPHIA COMMUNITY." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/213927.
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AnthropologyPh.D.
Over the past twelve years, Philadelphia has undergone an unparalleled large scale shift in the way maternity care is provided, accessed, and considered. Key aspects of the changes to the landscape of birth in Philadelphia include: the closure of the majority of hospital-based maternity units, the activities of local women's health non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and the new set of pregnancy care and birth choices that parents navigate. One of the most striking results of the restructuring of Philadelphia's maternity care system is a drastic reduction in the number of hospitals with maternity units. While the birth rate in Philadelphia has remained consistent around 22,000 per year, since 1997 two-thirds of the hospitals in Philadelphia have eliminated their maternity services. During this time, numerous local women's health-oriented NGOs worked to established themselves in Philadelphia. The aim of each NGO has been to respond to inadequacies in the provision of maternity services that develop as hospitals, the dominant resource for maternity care, withdraw from the maternity care business. With only six hospital maternity units remaining and a couple of local nonprofit organizations attempting to supplement the dearth of services, the current system within which parents and health care providers maneuver is both unstable and inadequate for meeting the maternity care needs of the community. In this research project, I explore the processes through which this new maternity care system is being established in Philadelphia with a particular focus on the influence of neoliberalism as an active force in the restructuring process. I examine the outcomes of this restructured system in terms of how lived experiences are influenced by the social, political, and economic reconfiguration of birth. The case of Philadelphia is of particular value as the City's maternity care system has undergone an accelerated restructuring that is unmatched in other areas of the US. While a similar trend in restructuring can now be found in other locations, these changes happened earlier and have continued in a more extreme manner in Philadelphia, marking Philadelphia as a possible canary in a coal mine. Understanding the outcomes of this large scale change in the system of care provides a basis for contending with similar trends elsewhere. My ethnographic work focuses on the experiences of particular individuals as they navigate Philadelphia's new system of maternity care. Within this restructured system of maternity care, the interests of parents and health care practitioners are increasingly devalued or disregarded, particularly for those whose philosophy of birth differs from dominant biomedical maternity care practices. Midwives, whose non-interventionalist methods of care starkly contrast with the biomedical model of care, and parents who wish to have a low-intervention or natural childbirth struggle to achieve their goals within the confines of Philadelphia's maternity care system. Similarly, individuals running local NGOs strain to intervene in the process of restructuring, and often face the dilemma of remaining true to their mission on one hand or preserving financial security by meeting the imperatives of funders on the other hand. Therefore, I have made the stories of midwives and parents seeking alternatives to biomedical care central to my analysis in addition to conducting in-depth fieldwork with three local women's health-oriented NGOs. This project adds to our understanding of how broad political and economic trends in health care translate into select cultural formations which inform the life choices of individuals. In times such as now, when national policy regarding the provision of health care is under scrutiny, it is essential to connect the dots between the circumstances of individuals and the structure of systems of health care. This research project fuses analyses of civil society institutions, the politics of reproduction, national ideology, and local political and economic agenda to present a complex and inclusive assessment of the landscape of birth in the uniquely positioned city of Philadelphia.
Temple University--Theses
43
Pitoňáková, Lívia. "Think-tanks-and Their Role in the New EU Member States:Czech and Slovak Experience." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-14353.
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V práci jsou analyzovány kořeny, vývoj, současné postavení, hrozby a výzvy think-tanků v České a Slovenské republice. Srovnání s jejich tradicí ve Spojených státech zkoumá přenositelnost amerického "modelu" think-tanků do střední a východní Evropy. Tento přenos je značně omezený a krátkodobě nerealizovatelný vzhledem k rozdílným legislativním podmínkám a nerozvinuté filantropii. Zvláštní pozornost je věnována motivům k vytváření regionálních i mezinárodních sítí think-tanků. Práce vychází jednak z dosavadní literatury na toto téma, jednak z dotazníkového šetření.
44
Pitoňáková, Lívia. "Think-tanks and Their Role in the New EU Member States: Czech and Slovak Experience." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-1094.
Full textAbstract:
V práci jsou analyzovány kořeny, vývoj, současné postavení, hrozby a výzvy think-tanků v České a Slovenské republice. Srovnání s jejich tradicí ve Spojených státech zkoumá přenositelnost amerického "modelu" think-tanků do střední a východní Evropy. Tento přenos je značně omezený a krátkodobě nerealizovatelný vzhledem k rozdílným legislativním podmínkám a nerozvinuté filantropii. Zvláštní pozornost je věnována motivům k vytváření regionálních i mezinárodních sítí think-tanků. Práce vychází jednak z dosavadní literatury na toto téma, jednak z dotazníkového šetření.
45
Manyuchi, Raymond Freddy. "The role of civil society organisations/non-governmental organisations (CSOs/NGOs) in building human capability : the case of Africa Community Publishing Development Trust (Zimbabwe)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20086.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study represents an analysis of the role of civil society organisations/non‐governmental organisations (CSOs/NGOs) in building human capabilities through knowledge construction. It assesses the effectiveness of community publishing in building human capabilities under challenges they face in the environment they are operating in. The complex environment CSOs/NGOs are operating in is dealt with. It will be demonstrated that CSOs/NGOs give marginalised communities, especially women, children and the disabled, a platform where they can organise themselves and give them an opportunity to influence policy and development of their community. Community development has many interpretations. This study focuses on communities as central agents responsible for their own development. When communities participate in their own development, they are engaging in an educational process which is both formal and informal in nature. The education process helps them to understand their situations better. This type of education called ‘popular education’, is based on the belief that people involved in the process have important knowledge that they have acquired from their experiences in life and the education they receive mainly consists of dialogue between different knowledge sets that they possess. In the process, when people participate actively in the development of their communities, a sense of ownership is developed. For the purpose of designing the study, observation of the direct involvement of staff from local government, Africa Community Publishing Development Trust and partner organisations as well as working with communities from Shamva, Umzingwane and Buhera provided the basis. It is noted that party politics affects the development of a CSO/NGO sector that is capable of building human capabilities. It is, therefore, clear that government should create an enabling environment that is free from violence and rule of law should be respected as this helps CSOs/ NGOs to implement capability building programmes conducive for all communities to participate in the development of their areas.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie ontleed die rol van burgerlike organisasies/nie‐regeringsorganisasies (BOs/NRO's) in die bou van menslike vermoëns deur middel van kennis konstruksie. Die studie beoordeel die effektiwiteit van die gemeenskap uitgewery in die bou van die menslike vermoëns en die uitdagings wat hulle in die gesig staar in die omgewing waar hulle hul bevind. Die komplekse omgewing waarin BOs / NRO’s hul bevind word inmiddels behandel. BOs/NRO's gee gemarginaliseerde gemeenskappe veral vroue, kinders en gestremdes 'n platform waar hulle hul self kan organiseer en gee hulle ' n geleentheid om beleid te beïnvloed en hul gemeenskap te ontwikkel. Ontwikkeling van die gemeenskap het baie interpretasies. Die studie fokus op die gemeenskappe as sentrale agente wat verantwoordelik is vir hul eie ontwikkeling. Wanneer gemeenskappe betrokke is in hul eie ontwikkelings proses, neem hulled deel aan ’ n opvoedkundige proses wat van nature beide formeel en informeel is. Die opvoedkundige proses help hulle om hul situasies beter te verstaan. Hierdie tipe van Onderwys genaamd "gewilde onderwys", is gebaseer op die oortuiging dat mense wat betrokke is in ‘n proses belangrike kennis besit as gevolg van persoonlike lewenservaringe, die opvoeding wat hulle ontvang bestaan hoofsaaklik uit dialoog tussen die verskillende kennis stel dat hulle besit. Wanneer mense aktief deelneem in die ontwikkeling van hul gemeenskappe, word 'n gevoel van eienaarskap ontwikkel. In terme van die ontwikkeling van die studie het die direkte betrokkenheid van die personeel van plaaslike regering, ACPDT en vennoot organisasies asook die werk met die gemeenskappe van Shamva, Umzingwane en Buhera die basis gevorm van die studie. Politieke partye beinvloed die ontwikkeling van die BO/NRO‐sektor en dit stel hulle in staat om menslike vermoëns op te bou. Die regering moet 'n instaatstellende omgewing skep wat vry is van geweld en waar die oppergesag van die reg gerespekteer word. Dit sal BO’s/NRO's help om vermoëns bouende programme te implementeer wat gemeenskappe die geleentheid sal gee om deel te hê aan die ontwikkeling van hul gemeenskap.
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Turhan, Ayca. "Reconsidering The Role Of Civil Initiatives In The Disaster Management System Of Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606123/index.pdf.
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The 1999 earthquakes revealed serious gaps in the Turkish disaster management system. The lack of coordination and cooperation between governmental and non-governmental organizations, limits in the legal framework and the lack of policies and plans about disaster preparedness and mitigation are basic. It is highly relevant therefore to expose these deficiencies and find which changes are necessary for capacity building in civil initiatives and which policies can be put into practice to form a strong and a sustainable organizational structure between governmental organizations and civil initiatives. This required reconsidering the events of 1999 Marmara earthquakes and civil initiatives&rsquoactivities. The analyses have been made among civil initiatives to expose their objectives, their response to earthquakes and future plans. Futher, this required discussion of the current state of disaster management system and legal structure. Findings are that a number of creative activities of civil initiatives can be observed after the Marmara earthquakes. However, the existing level of collaboration with governmental organizations is inadequate, considering the magnitude of disasters taking place in Turkey and the degree of the people&rsquo
s vulnerability. Efforts such as new draft of law of Turgey Emergency Management General Directorate (TEMGD) seem to provide means to meet the requirements. This draft law could provide the tools to accommodate civil initiatives The law could be revised so as to maintain a legal basis for civil initiatives&rsquo
activities as part of disaster management system indicating that governmental organizations should work together in coordination with civil initiatives. Secondly, to encourage voluntary activities, a number of provisions should be available such as life insurance against accidents for the accredited volunteers. Thirdly, TEGMD should also act to find partners for supporting civil initiatives in their financial, personnel training and management needs. With increasing conviction in the need for participatory approaches and people-oriented developments, civil initiatives are committed to face challenges in mitigating and preparing for the variety of disasters facing Turkey.
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Cakmak, Cenap. "Transnational activism in world politics : NGOs and creation of the ICC : role of a loosely organized principled network in the establishment of a global court /." Saarbrücken : VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9783836475358.
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Cakmak, Cenap. "Transnational activism in world politics NGOs and creation of the ICC ; role of a loosely organized principled network in the establishment of a global court." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2007. http://d-nb.info/988496941/04.
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Adam, Iddrisu. "An assessment of the role and impact of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the management and sustainability of local environmental resources, a case study of Nanun, Ghana." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ60791.pdf.
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Walmsley, Nicholas Mark. "The making of European civil society : the role of EU institutions and the implications for European citizenship : a study of the European Commission and NGOs in EU social policy." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413313.
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