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Edwards, Christian. "Power and inclusion in coaching : the role of humour." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/9589.
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Within the field of sports coaching, a burgeoning belief exists that sociological thought has the potential to challenge and shape the boundaries of related knowledge. Such enquiry has set about explaining how coaches manipulate their ‘social competencies’ (Lemert, 1997: x) in order to maintain and improve their various contextual relationships (Jones, 2011a). Despite such developments, a paucity of research still exists examining how humour serves as a vital ingredient in establishing, developing and maintaining social interaction within the coaching context. The aim of this PhD thesis, therefore, was to explore what type of humour is used, why it was used and the effects of such humour on the context that it occurs. In adopting an interpretive methodology, through ethnographic methods, data were collected by tracking and observing the coaches and players of Senghenyndd City F.C. (pseudonym) during the course of their domestic season. The ‘coding’ of the results moved away from the traditional inductive theorising and used the constant comparative method to revisit existing ideas in respect of the new data collected. The findings were subsequently subject to a ‘light’ theoretical analysis through Goffman’s (1963; 1967; 1983) presentation of self, impression management and interaction order, and Garfinkel’s (1963; 1967) work on social order to highlight how individuals used varying degrees of inclusionary, shared, self-deprecating and disciplinary humour to manage the often micro-political landscape of sports coaching. The results contribute to the recent investigative upsurge into humour and sports coaching by bringing to light the mundane, taken for granted discourses of interaction evident within the relational, everyday aspects coaching.
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Alston, Sylvia, and n/a. "Where meaning collapses: a creative exploration of the role of humour and laughter in trauma." University of Canberra. Professional Communication, 2009. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20091215.114305.
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The thesis consists of a full-length novel and an exegesis that examines the ways in which humour can be used to restore the symbolic order and serve as a means of regaining control, thus allowing those involved in the most disturbing, painful and challenging situations to feel less powerless.
The research component of the thesis involved critical reading, fieldwork, observations, and personal interviews. The texts examined include works by Michael Billig, Henri Bergson and Julia Kristeva, in particular her reference to the act of laughing at the abject as a kind of horrified 'apocalyptic laughter', a compulsion to confront that which repels (Kristeva 1982, pp. 204-206). As part of the fieldwork, I completed training to become a Laughter Club leader. Laughter Clubs are based on the notion that laughter, even fake laughter, is beneficial. This concept is explored in more detail in the exegesis. The fieldwork also included training in laughter-generating activities for students and staff at two local primary schools. The observational component, which involved the Australian War Memorial, the 'Reveries: Photography and Mortality' exhibition, Norwood Crematorium and the children's garden and babies' rose garden at the Gungahlin cemetery, enabled me to examine images and memories of death as well as the responses of other visitors. The final component of my research involved personal interviews. The participants in these interviews were drawn from a diverse range of fields including: volunteers at a local hospice, hospital clowns, general practitioners, cancer survivors and their carers, a psychiatrist, nurses, a paramedic, a police officer, a hospital teacher and bereaved parents.
The findings from this research provided the framework for the creative piece, a novel set in present-day Canberra. The story begins one autumn evening when thirteen-year-old Sam is found unconscious and bleeding from a head wound. By the time Maggie, Sam's widowed mother, arrives at the hospital, Sam has regained consciousness. His x-rays show a large mass in his brain and he is kept in for further tests. The results confirm that Sam has an inoperable tumour. Maggie and Sam rely on humour in their interactions both with each other and with other people as a means of maintaining that 'baseline of social control' (Kristeva 1982, p. 99), staying on the edge of what Kristeva refers to as the place 'where meaning collapses' (p. 2).
Humour is their anchor, enabling them to maintain a grip on their new normality. And, as if having a dying child isn't enough to cope with, Maggie is being pursued by a handsome and slightly younger man.
Both the findings in my exegesis, and the creative work they led to, suggest that although there has been an enormous amount of research undertaken over the previous thirty or so years, there is no conclusive proof that humour can be closely correlated with health. At best, humour can provide a means of controlling that which would otherwise be outside our control.
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Boost, Jörn Max Friedrich. "An examination of the role of wordplay in Freud's theory of humour." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31948741.
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Irwin, Helen. "The role, impact and experience of humour in later life and dementia." Thesis, University of Hull, 2015. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:12425.
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The portfolio thesis is divided into three parts: Part one is a systematic literature review in which the empirical literature relating to humour interventions in later life is reviewed. The systematic literature review explores the key features of humour interventions and their impact on physical and psychological wellbeing in later life. The findings are discussed in relation to clinical implications and potential future research. Part two is an empirical paper, which explores how people living with dementia and their partners use, experience and draw meaning from humour in their ongoing relationships. Interviews were conducted with 10 couples and the data was analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Analysis revealed eight subthemes that were subsumed under three superordinate themes. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed with relation to couplehood and wellbeing in dementia. Part three comprises the appendices.
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Boost, Jörn Max Friedrich. "An examination of the role of wordplay in Freud's theory of humour." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1985. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12367680.
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Fairclough, Natalie R. "Burnout in academics : the role of humour and optimism as stress buffers." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1998. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/995.
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The relationship between university lecturers' perceived stress, use of humour to cope with stress, optimism, pessimism, and burnout was investigated. Participants included 180 lecturers from a range of Perth universities and disciplines. Questionnaire packages were delivered to the participants at their universities and were later returned to the researcher by mail. A principle components analysis was first performed on the Life Orientation Test-Revised, a self-report instrument designed to measure optimism, and demonstrated support for a two-dimensional model of optimism and pessimism. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was subsequently conducted to determine the ability of perceived stress, humour, optimism, and pessimism, followed by the interactions between perceived stress and humour, optimism, and pessimism, and then gender to predict lecturers' burnout. The results revealed that after perceived stress had been accounted for, humour and optimism had a significant main effect on burnout. Pessimism and gender were not significant unique predictors of burnout. The interactions between perceived stress humour, optimism, and pessimism did not predict burnout. The findings highlight the role of humour and optimism in predicting burnout, and the implications for burnout prevention strategies.
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Grover, Jennifer J. "The role of reversal theory in moderating occupational stress in British police officers, special constables and civilian support staff." Thesis, Open University, 1999. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57955/.
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The causes and consequences of police stress has received considerable research interest. Reversal theory postulates some individuals may inherently require higher (Le. paratelic) arousal levels, compared with those seeking lower (Le. telic) arousal levels. This present study investigated: (i) psychological problems experienced between British police officers, special (voluntary) police and civilian support staff; (ii) telic and paratelic dominance; (iii) use of humour; (iv) dimensions of police humour; and (v) predictors of police psychological problems, telic dominance and humour use. A mixed, cross-sectional survey design was employed. Questionnaires were sent to all police officers, support staff and specials (N = 373) within one division of a provincial police service. Participants completed the following measures: (i) Coping Humour Scale (CHS); (ii) Multi-dimensional Sense of Humour Scale (MSHS); (iii) Telic Dominance Scale (TDS); and (v) Employee Assistance Program Inventory (EAPI). Questionnaires were returned from 191 participants (51% response rate). For overall CHS and MSHS scores, no significant differences between groups were found; although police gender differences were significant. MSHS police dimensions deviated from previous samples. Overall TDS scores were significantly higher for specials. For all three groups, EAPI subscale scores were normative, but with significantly higher substance use reported by police. Police EAPI scores were generally significantly higher, indicative of greater psychological difficulties. Predictors of police psychological problems, TDS, CHS and MSHS scores are reported. These results suggest that police may have a paratelic dominance, in which humour provides a valuable and adaptive mechanism for pOlice stress. Clinical implications are discussed in light of these results.
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Candita, Linda A. "Hooked on humour achieving rapport in humorous interactions between men and women who are friends /." View thesis, 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/38155.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2008.A thesis submitted to the University of Western Sydney, College of Arts, School of Communication Arts, in full satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographical references.
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Donnelly, Edward Gerald. "Who's in the mood for funny business? : context effects, consumer personalities and the role of humour in advertising." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24528.
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Bowd, Jamie. "Laughter for Development: An Explorative Study into Humour’s Potential Role in Influencing Stereotypical Representation." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21955.
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Development issues are often described as important but dull, and ongoing stereotypical representations of a ‘distant other’ perpetuated by NGO’s and mainstream media create an increasingly disengaged public. In response to this, more creative means of communication are needed to increase engagement and counter dominant stereotypical narratives within the development sector. Humour is rarely considered as a communication strategy for development, but it has the potential to be an influential tool to lower societal barriers and challenge existing power relations. This explorative research aims to examine how humour could be potentially used to disrupt stereotypical narratives and form a site of resistance against concepts such as the White Saviour Complex. It aims to explore the ways humour can engage a broader audience and challenge stereotypical representations of aid, especially within the western media. Considering two primary case studies; online campaign RadiAid and tv mockumentary series the Samaritans, it will explore the ways humour can be used to persuade, raise awareness and increase likability, while also being used as a form of critique. Through the lens of social semiotics, it considers commonalities in how humour can be utilised and how audiences react to it. This research also aims to find the advantages and limitations of using humorous techniques in such contexts.
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Monteiro, Lunardi Gabriela. ""The 'Zoeira' Never Ends": The role of internet memes in contemporary Brazilian culture." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/122223/1/Gabriela_Monteiro%20Lunardi_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis uses the concept of the "zoeira", a particularly Brazilian form of humour, to undertake a cultural analysis of Brazilian internet memes and their role in contemporary culture. Through a close textual analysis of three memes, it details how memes represent specific aspects of Brazilian culture and how Brazilian meme culture relates to the broader popular culture of the internet. It concludes with findings about the social and cultural meanings of humour for Brazilian digital culture, showing that Brazilian memes work as tools for political protest and for building a shared cultural identity.
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Horlacher, Stefan. "Slightly Quixotic: Comic Strategies, Sexual Role Stereotyping and the Functionalization of Femininity in David Lodge's Trilogy of Campus Novels under Special Consideration of 'Nice Work' (1988)." De Gruyter, 2007. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36417.
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In view of the fact that David Lodge’s campus novels are renowned for their ability to make light of traditional gender stereotypes as well as for their purportedly liberal, pro-feminist, intertexual, dialogical and metatextual dimensions, this article seeks to explore more precisely the strategic and unavowedly political functions humour and the comic fulfil in Changing Places, Small World and Nice Work. What will be demonstrated is that Lodge’s light-hearted, tolerant and at times even progressive liberalism is little more than an effect produced by the textual surface structure. In the case of Nice Work, this discrepancy between the surface and the deep structure leads to the paradox that while voyeuristic structures and male bonding are overtly ridiculed, on a deep structural level they are effectively reaffirmed. Though Lodge’s novels are at the level of their surface structure sustained by a logic which uses the “comic mode” as a more or less subtle form to critique traditional gender stereotypes, literary conventions, the British university system and British industry, ultimately his ‘Rummidge trilogy’ reinforces an aesthetically, morally and politically conservative subtext.
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Ayad, Khaled A. A. "The role of edutainment in e-learning : an empirical study." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/5180.
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Impersonal, non-face-to-face contact and text-based interfaces, in the e-Learning segment, present major problems that are encountered by learners, since they are out on vital personal interactions and useful feedback messages, as well as on real-time information about their learning performance. This research programme suggests a multimodal, combined with an edutainment approach, which is expected to improve the communications between users and e-Learning systems. This thesis empirically investigates users’ effectiveness; efficiency and satisfaction, in order to determine the influence of edutainment, (e.g. amusing speech and facial expressions), combined with multimodal metaphors, (e.g. speech, earcon, avatar, etc.), within e-Learning environments. Besides text, speech, visual, and earcon modalities, avatars are incorporated to offer a visual and listening realm, in online learning. The methodology used for this research project comprises a literature review, as well as three experimental platforms. The initial experiment serves as a first step towards investigating the feasibility of completing all the tasks and objectives in the research project, outlined above. The remaining two experiments explore, further, the role of edutainment in enhancing e-Learning user interfaces. The overall challenge is to enhance user-interface usability; to improve the presentation of learning, in e-Learning systems; to improve user enjoyment; to enhance interactivity and learning performance; and, also, to contribute in developing guidelines for multimodal involvement, in the context of edutainment. The results of the experiments presented in this thesis show an improvement in user enjoyment, through satisfaction measurements. In the first experiment, the enjoyment level increased by 11%, in the Edutainment (E) platform, compared to the Non-edutainment (NE) interface. In the second experiment, the Game-Based Learning (GBL) interface obtained 14% greater enhancement than the Virtual Class (VC) interface and 20.85% more than the Storytelling interface; whereas, the percentage obtained by the game incorporated with avatars increased by an extra 3%, compared with the other platforms, in the third experiment. In addition, improvement in both user performance and learning retention were detected through effective and efficiency measurements. In the first experiment, there was no significant difference between mean values of time, for both conditions (E) & (NE) which were not found to be significant, when tested using T-test. In the second experiment, the time spent in condition (GBL) was higher by 7-10 seconds, than in the other conditions. In the third experiment, the mean values of the time taken by the users, in all conditions, were comparable, with an average of 22.8%. With regards to effectiveness, the findings of the first experiment showed, generally, that the mean correct answer for condition (E) was higher by 20%, than the mean for condition (NE). Users in condition (GBL) performed better than the users in the other conditions, in the second experiment. The percentage of correct answers, in the second experiment, was higher by 20% and by 34.7%, in condition (GBL), than in the (VC) and (ST), respectively. Finally, a set of empirically derived guidelines was produced for the design of usable multimodal e-Learning and edutainment interfaces.
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Elisabeth, Franke Franziska. "Humor in Pride and Prejudice : The Role of Humor in Austen’s Novel of Development." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Engelska, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-22530.
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Murtha, William Gearty. "The role of trickster humor in social evolution." Thesis, The University of North Dakota, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1552210.
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Trickster humor is ubiquitous. Every society has some version of trickster and each society tells the stories of trickster over and over again to both enlighten and entertain. This thesis argues that trickster humor plays a fundamental role in helping society adapt by challenging social norms. Because trickster stories are humorous they are entertaining, because they critique social behaviors they are instructive. Tricksters break social rules, leaving society to remake them. This thesis examines the works of American Humorists Tom Robbins and Edward Abbey, particularly Still Life with Woodpecker and The Monkey Wrench Gang, arguing that these authors are contemporary trickster figures whose work not only entertains their audience but through their rule breaking offers them new possibilities in dealing with the unresolved conflicts American society is wrestling with in the last quarter of the twentieth century and beyond.
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Gunning, Barbara L. "The Role that Humor Plays in Shaping Organizational Culture." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1101326392.
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Strain, Megan. "“Sorry! I left it at home”: examining rape humor’s potential role in rape culture." Diss., Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18180.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Psychological Sciences
Donald A. Saucier
The current studies examine two types of rape humor to determine whether there are differences in individuals’ evaluations and understanding of each. Reinforcing rape humor is that which contributes to the normalization of rape, while subversive humor challenges it. Across two studies, I compared these types of humor to determine if individuals’ evaluations (i.e., as funny, offensive, etc.) and understanding differed between types (and compared to neutral humor), as well as how individual difference variables may moderate those effects. Results suggest that while there is variation in individuals’ understanding of subversive humor depending on the way in which they are asked to express their understanding, subversive humor evokes more positive evaluations than reinforcing rape humor, as expected. Additionally, reinforcing rape humor also evoked variation in understanding, which was related to participants’ evaluations of the humor, and selected individual differences. Examining these research questions provides insight into an issue that has become increasingly important in the United States, and may also inform us about the potential role of humor in contributing to the national discussion on this issue. Thus, although some have suggested that rape humor is never appropriate, these studies suggest that there is potential for humor to be an effective tool in working toward diminishing rape culture.
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FRIEL, PATRICIA E. "HUMOR IN THE LIFE OF A MUSICAL THEATRE PRODUCTION: A CATALYST TO REDUCED STRESS AND ENHANCED PERFORMANCE." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1100888676.
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KEBIR, ABDEL-KARIM. "La carbamazepine dans les troubles bipolaires de l'humeur : efficacite, tolerance et role des taux plasmatiques." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU31122.
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SENIOR, Rosemary, and r. senior@curtin edu au. "The good language class: teacher perceptions." Edith Cowan University. Education And Arts: School Of Education And Arts, 1999. http://adt.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2006.0002.html.
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This is a qualitative, descriptive study of group processes in classes of adult language learners, viewed from the perspective of practising teachers. The study has an internal narrative which takes the reader through the process of the research, from the initial question raised by a casual classroom conversation to the discussion chapter which questions a number of assumptions underlying current English language teaching practices within western educational contexts. The study falls into two distinct phases. The first phase uses the constant comparative method of data collection and analysis to integrate the perceptions of 28 experienced language teachers into the following theory: teachers judge the quality of their classes in terms of the degree to which they function as cohesive groups. The second phase uses the social-psychological framework of class cohesion to explore the perceptions of eight language teachers concerning a range of everyday behaviours and events occurring within their classes. The data were gathered through classroom observations and extended weekly teacher interviews and were supplemented by information from student interviews.
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Bentley-Edwards, Melissa Ann. "Laughing in the Shadow: The Role of Humor in Ghost Story Telling." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2201.
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The ghost story concert is a popular modern form of presenting ghost stories to ticket buying audiences and is one of the last stomping grounds of the oral tradition. Attendees come to be scared but not terrified. Tellers employ humor to release tension during the tale. When does humor release tension while maintaining the momentum of the story? When does the humor employed deflate it into a comical tale and diffuse suspense altogether?
In an effort to answer these questions, four variants of a single story, Tailypo, were analyzed for the presence of tension and humor inducing stimuli employing Rothbart's diagram of Schematic Representation of Affective Response to Sudden, Intense, or Discrepant Stimulation. Rothbart's model has previously been applied to affective response to horror film; here it has been applied to oral storytelling.
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BODIN, RENAULT MICHELE. "Le role du terrain bipolaire dans l'expression des troubles thymiques du post-partum." Rennes 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN1M146.
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Yao, Xin. "Ego depletion in emotional labor : the role of humor and methods of acting /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8758.
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Waters, Leah E. "The Persuasive Power of Ridicule: A Critical Rhetorical Analysis of Gender and Humor in U.S. Sitcoms." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984248/.
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The serious investigation of humor's function in society is an emerging area of research in critical humor studies, a "negative" subsect of the extensive and "positive" research that assumes humor's goodness. Using Michael Billig's theory of ridicule as a framework, this study explored how humor operated to discipline characters who broke social norms or allowed characters to rebel against those norms. Layering this with gender performative theory, the study also investigated how different male and female characters used ridicule and were subject to it themselves. After examining ridicule in The Big Bang Theory, 2 Broke Girls, and The Odd Couple using a critical rhetorical analysis, the findings revealed that disciplinary ridicule was used more overtly throughout all three programs, while potentially rebellious ridicule emerged in only a few scenes. In addition, men were overwhelmingly the subjects of disciplinary ridicule, although women found themselves as subjects throughout all three programs as well. The discursive ridiculing of non-normative bodies constructed and maintained social norms about gender and sexuality, thereby uninviting these bodies from participating in society.
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Krelko, Rebecca Elizabeth. "Homophobia, Humor and Male Rape: Family Guy's Role in the Modern Construction of Hegemonic Masculinity." Ohio University Art and Sciences Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouashonors1366995686.
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Knight, Jacquelyn E. "The Role of Social Exclusion as a Mediator of Humor Style Among Dark Triad Personalities." Marietta College / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=marietta1450361397.
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Steele, James. "The Role Humor Plays in Facilitating Rapport, Engagement, and Motivation in Graduate Online Learning Environments." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1011748/.
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This study seeks to explore, using an interpretivist phenomenological approach, how humor may impact rapport, engagement, and motivation in graduate online learning environments. Through detailed qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews, direct observation, and demographic survey data, emergent themes were identified that support the use of appropriate humor to create a positive online environment in which learning can take place. Evidence indicates that humor, when used purposefully and appropriately, is a valuable tool for promoting rapport and engagement amongst course members through community-building and enhanced interpersonal connections. The results of this study reveal the importance of finding common ground and shared experiences to improve the overall social and communicative culture of an online course. The results also support the idea that online instructors should make a great effort in connecting with students in online courses and must make a greater effort to appropriately engage in their online courses. Appropriate recommendations are made for practical application of humor to support pedagogy, as well as recommendations for future research on humor in educational environments.
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Bartel, Olivia. "Ted & Lee present the Bible an analysis of their intermediary role between drama and scripture /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2000. http://www.tren.com.
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Peterson, Katrina M. "Humor, Characterization, Plot: The Role of Secondary Characters in Late Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Marriage Novels." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1303262727.
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Martin, Daniel D. "The use of humor in the social construction of role relationships in a behavioral treatment setting." PDXScholar, 1985. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3577.
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This study examined the use of humor between workers and managerial personnel of two different treatment teams within a residential treatment center for emotionally troubled youth. Three primary questions guided the research: (1) What indigenous types of occupational humor will be found within the treatment teams?, (2) How will the use of humor vary between front and back regions of treatment work?, and (3) How does occupational status affect the way in which team members target on another to be the "butt" of jokes and other humorous remarks?
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Costa, Simone Muller. "A interface humor e trabalho de face: o uso da provocação como estratégia de aproximação/afastamento." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2015. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/1411.
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Neste trabalho, investigamos a relação entre humor, im/polidez, trabalho de face e papéis em episódios do programa “Quatro em Campo”. Esse é um programa de rádio, exibido de segunda a sexta, pela rádio CBN e tem como foco discutir futebol. O programa tem o formato de uma mesa redonda, com um apresentador/mediador e três apresentadores/comentaristas. Embora o foco do programa seja futebol, muitas vezes, surgem provocações humorísticas, que podem atacar tanto aspectos da vida pessoal quanto profissional dos participantes. A literatura estudada aponta que sempre houve dificuldades em definir humor e, que, por isso, a primeira Teoria do Humor só surgiu em 1985 (RASKIN, 1985). Mais recentemente, alguns autores (NORRICK (1993); HOLMES (2000)) têm buscado definir o humor em situaçãoes reais de interação, considerando, principalmente, a forma como o alvo reage aos supostos enunciados humorísticos. Attardo (1994) defende que a provocação é um tipo de humor que traz em si um elemento de “crítica” e se realiza com a presença do alvo da crítica na interação. Assim, por ter se mostrado recorrente em nossos dados, o nosso foco de análise serão as provocações. Deste modo, adotando uma perspectiva relacional em estudos do discuro e uma abordagem interpretativista em análise de dados, buscamos verificar: os papéis que caracterizam/constituem o tipo de atividade analisada (Quatro em Campo); a relação entre humor e trabalho de face; e como as provocações emergem e são negociadas no discurso. A análise desses dados mostra que, nesse contexto, as provocações emergem, principalmente, quando um comentário esportivo gera algum tipo de desacordo/dissenso entre os participantes. Com essas provocações, busca-se uma mudança do enquadre que está sendo dado ao tópico em curso. Entretanto, essa mudança depende da forma como os alvos das provocações as recebem. Notou-se que há uma relação entre a forma como os participantes reagem às provocações e o papel que eles assumem, por exemplo, se o de comentarista esportivo ou de torcedor. De forma geral, o uso do humor se mostrou ambivalente, produzindo, ao mesmo tempo, afastamento e aproximação entre os interactantes.
In this paper, we investigate the relationship between humor, im/politeness, facework and roles in episodes of the program “Quatro em Campo”. It`s a radio program, aired from Monday to Friday by CBN radio and it focuses discussions about soccer. The program is shaped as a round table, with a presenter/facilitator and three presenters/commentators. Although the program`s focuses, as it`s said, is soccer, many times, emerge humorous provocations. The literature has sowed that there have always been difficulties in defining humor and so the first Theory of Humor was built only in 1985 (RASKIN, 1985). More recently, some authors (NORRICK (1993); HOLMES (2000)) has been sought to define humor in real situations of interaction. Attardo (1994) argues that provocation is a type of humour which brings in it a critical element and it is done in the target`s of criticism presence. So, considering the fact that provocations have showed be recurring in our data, our anlysis focus will be provocations. Thus, adopting a relational perspective in the discourse studies and a interpretative approach to data analysis, we seek to ascertain: the roles which characterize/ constitute the type of activity analyzed (Quatro em Campo); the relationship between humor and facework; and how the provocations emerge and how they are managed in the discourse. The analysis of data shows that, in this context, the provocations emerge, mainly, when a sporting commentary generates some kind of disagreement or dissent among the participants. With these provocations, the participants seek a change in the frame wich has being given to the current topic. However, this change depends on how the provocations` target receive them. It`s been noted that there is a relation between the way how participants react to provocations and the role they assume, for example, if it is the commentator role or the fan role. Moreover, in a general way, the use of humor has showed to be ambivalent, producing, at the same time, separation and connection among interactants.
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Paul, Palisin M. "The Role of Verbal Aggression and Humor in Father-Son Relationships and its Impact on Relational Satisfaction." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1355191133.
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Swaminathan, Swarup Sai. "The Role of SPARC in Aqueous Humor Outflow and TGFß2-mediated Ocular Hypertension in a Murine Model." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://etds.lib.harvard.edu/hms/admin/view/56.
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Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, and is a major cause of blindness in the United States. It affects approximately 5% of Caucasians and 10% of African- Americans over the age of 60 years. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is currently the only modifiable risk factor for glaucoma. Impaired outflow of aqueous humor from the eye is thought to be the cause of pathologically elevated IOP. However, the etiology of outflow impairment is unknown. Anatomically, the aqueous humor drains into the iridocorneal angle of the eye, where the iris inserts at the transition between the cornea and sclera. In humans, approximately 80-90% of the aqueous traverses through the trabecular meshwork (TM), juxtacanalicular connective tissue (JCT), Schlemm’s canal, collector channels and empties into episcleral veins. Abnormalities at these sites are thought to cause impaired outflow. Abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the TM or JCT, abnormal endothelial function in Schlemm’s canal, or a combination of these components have been strongly implicated. Our laboratory has focused on the role of Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (SPARC) in regulating outflow. SPARC is the prototypical matricellular protein that mediates ECM organization and turnover in numerous human tissues. Our lab was first to demonstrate that SPARC is highly expressed in the TM and JCT regions of the eye, and that the SPARC knockout (KO) mouse has a significant decrease in IOP of 15-20%. SPARC may affect the degree of segmental flow, a theory that states that variable aqueous outflow occurs around the circumference of the eye; only certain portions of the TM are thought to display active outflow at any particular moment. The cytokine transforming growth factor-ß2 (TGFß2) has been shown to modulate multiple ECM proteins, including SPARC. TGFß2 is significantly upregulated by 2 to 3-fold in the aqueous humor of glaucoma patients compared to controls. In addition, when TGFß2 is overexpressed in rodent eyes, increased ECM deposition is observed within the trabecular meshwork leading to IOP elevation. SPARC is one of the most highly upregulated proteins by TGFß2, and is downstream of TGFß2. We hypothesized that wild-type (WT) mice would demonstrate segmental flow, while SPARC KO mice would display a more continuous pattern of outflow around the eye. We also believed that IOP would be inversely correlated with outflow area. We also hypothesized that SPARC is essential to the process of TGFß2-mediated ocular hypertension, and that the lack of SPARC would impair IOP elevation.
We conducted a tracer study utilizing fluorescent microbeads to determine the location of outflow circumferentially around the mouse TM. Microbeads were injected intracamerally into the eyes of WT and KO mice. After a 45-minute incubation period, the mice were euthanized and eyes were processed for confocal, light, and electron microscopy. During the second group of experiments, empty or TGFß2-containing adenovirus was injected intravitreally into WT and SPARC KO mice and IOP was measured for 2 weeks. Immunohistochemistry was completed on all tissues to assess for changes in major ECM proteins.
Percentage effective filtration length (PEFL), or area of the TM labeled by tracer, was significantly increased in SPARC KO mice (70.61% ± 11.36%, p<0.005; N=11) compared to WT mice (54.68% ± 9.95%; N=11). In addition, the pressures between the two sets of eyes were significantly different with mean pressures of 16.3 mm Hg in WT mice and 12.6 mm Hg in KO mice (p<0.005, N=11 pairs). In addition, PEFL and IOP were inversely correlated with R2 = 0.72 (N=10 pairs); in eyes with higher IOP, PEFL was reduced. Electron microscopy demonstrated that high-tracer TM areas had a greater separation between trabecular beams. Collagen fibril diameter was found to be smaller in the KO (28.272 nm) compared to WT (34.961 nm; p<0.0005, N=3 pairs). These data provided structural correlations to the functional data regarding segmental flow.
In the second set of experiments, IOP was found to be significantly elevated in TGFß2- injected WT mice compared to empty vector-injected WT mice during days 4-11 (p<0.05, N=8). However, IOP was not significantly elevated in TGFß2-injected KO mice compared to controls. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that TGFß2 increased expression of collagen IV, fibronectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and SPARC within the TM of WT mice, but only PAI-1 and CTGF in KO mice (p<0.05, N=3 pairs).
These data support our hypotheses, indicating that SPARC plays an integral role in the modulation of aqueous humor outflow. In addition, it appears as though SPARC is essential to the regulation of TGFß2-mediated ocular hypertension. Aside from providing further evidence of the importance of ECM in IOP regulation, our work presents the novel discovery of segmental flow in the mouse. Given the potential role of SPARC in TGFß2-mediated ocular hypertension, SPARC may not only play an integral role in ECM homeostasis within the trabecular meshwork, but may be a valuable target for pharmacologic therapy in treating primary open-angle glaucoma.
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Madsen, Kristiane. "Humor as a Moderating Variable of the Relationship Between Family Conflict and Self-Regulation in Children: A Two-Year Panel Study." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2295.
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Conflict is a common problem among families, and children may be negatively affected by this family dynamic. Some family characteristics may protect children from negative effects, even in the midst of conflict. Though little research has been conducted addressing familial effects of humor, the current longitudinal study examined the moderating effect of humor on the relationship between family conflict and child self regulation. Two hundred ninety six two-parent families from the Seattle area were surveyed and observed as a party of Brigham Young University's Flourishing Family Project. Family conflict and coded humor from an observation task were assessed at time 1 and self regulation in the child was assessed at both time 1 and one year later. Results indicated that (1) family conflict negatively influences child self regulation, (2) that humor between fathers and children is associated with child self regulation, and (3) that humor between fathers and children may buffer the effects of family conflict on a child's self regulation. Humor between mothers and children and between mothers and fathers did not moderate the relationship between family conflict and child self regulation. These results suggest that some forms of family humor may provide families with healthy child outcomes. Limitations and implications for family therapy are discussed.
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Sevim, Burcu. "Roles Of Attachment Styles And Anger On Relationship Satisfaction And Life Satisfaction: Mediator Roles Of Humor, Intimacy, And Psychological Problems." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613760/index.pdf.
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The aim of this study is to examine the effects of attachment, personality traits, humor (humor styles and coping humor), intimacy, psychological problems on anger, on relationship and life satisfaction of individuals who are involved in romantic relationship. Attachment and personality traits are expected to be associated with each other and humor, intimacy and psychological problems, which are also expected to influence anger experience and expression. Anger is expected to effect life and relationship satisfaction. At the first phase Sternberg&rsquos Love Scale was translated to Turkish by using Relationship Happiness Scale. Data was gathered from 240 participants from different ages, cities, and soscio-economic status. Reliability and validity assessments were conducted for the whole scale and the subscales: intimacy, passion and commitment. At the second phase 519 subjects (married or dating) participated in the study. The participants were given Humor Styles Questionnaire, Coping Humor Questionnaire, Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised Version, Sternberg Triangular Love v Scale, State-Trait Anger Scale, Basic Personality Traits Inventory, Relationship Happiness Scale, Brief Symptoms Inventory and Life Satisfaction Scale. The results indicated that the proposed model had satisfactory fit expect effect of personality on humor and effect of attachment on anger. Positive personality traits did not have an effect on adaptive humor styles used whereas negative personlity traits affected maladaptive humor styles and attachment had a direct effect on anger. The results showed the importance of intimacy and maladaptive humor styles on relationship and life satisfaction. These results, the importance and effects of humor and intimacy in romantic relationships and therapeutic applications were discussed in the frame of relevant literature.
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Jorgensen, Andrew S. "James Thurber's Little Man and the Battle of the Sexes: The Humor of Gender and Conflict." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2006. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/946.
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James Thurber, along with others who wrote for The New Yorker magazine, developed the 'little man' comic figure. The little man as a central character was a shift from earlier nineteenth-century traditions in humor. This twentieth-century protagonist was a comic antihero whose function was to create sympathy rather than scorn and bring into question the values and behaviors of society rather than affirm them, as earlier comic figures did. The little man was urban, inept, frustrated, childlike, suspicious, and stubborn. His female counterpart was often a foil: confident and controlling enough to highlight his most pitiable and funniest features. Contradictory gender roles and stereotypes are essential to Thurber's humor. This thesis thus reads Thurber's work as critical of gender roles. Thurber's humor demonstrates that expectations for men and women to be socially masculine and feminine are often incongruous with their capabilities and natures. Often his work is funny because of the way it portrays gender as performance and as expectations imposed upon people instead of as inherent qualities in men and women. These roles create conflicted characters as well as conflict between the characters that Thurber draws in his stories, often a quarreling husband and wife. Also characteristic in Thurber's humor is the element of neurosis. Thurber often played with the vernacular concepts of neurosis, and he capitalized on public obsession with Freudian psychology with his satires and with fiction and essays about various anxieties and daydreaming. Neurosis works well as comic material because it also catalyzes the battle of the sexes. To support my interpretation of Thurber as a critic of societal gender roles, Freud's book The Joke and Its Relation to the Unconscious is useful at illuminating a deeper 'tendency' in Thurber's humor. Thurber is often thought of as a misogynist, for his personal behavior and for his unflattering literary portrayal of women as unimaginative nags. This thesis also examines the complexities and developments of Thurber's attitudes toward women. Most importantly for Thurber, his little man figure and the battle of the sexes was a way to express the importance and power of the liberated human imagination.
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Hallerström, Jacob. "Konstverkets roll i samtida reklam : Funktioner, meningsskapande och en jämförelse mellan svensk och singaporiansk reklam." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för mediestudier, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-165559.
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This Bachelors essay takes an in-depth look at how meaning is created through advertisements with references to art. What reasons can be found for why art, a phenomenon that draws highly on analogue reactions, is still widely used in advertisements today in a society that is more and more digitalized. Through a strategic selection of ads picked to illustrate variations in how art is used in advertising, different forms of how meaning is created through these ads are analysed. Semiotic analyses are applied to six different ads that all use art in some way. Methods such as social semiotics and multimodal analysis-tools lay the foundation for how the analyses are made. The semiotic analysis focuses on distinguishing certain factors of the ads that motivate the use of famous artworks. Based on results from previous research in the field I choose to look at three different reasons to why artworks are used in advertisements; humour, seriousness and exclusivity. Furthermore, this bachelors essay also includes a comparative analysis. Half of the advertisements included were produced in Sweden, the other half in Singapore. This comparative aspect of the essay is motivated by the fact that Sweden and Singapore are the two most digitalized countries in the world. This led to an interest in whether the analogue reactions which advertising with references to art are based on may differ between these two countries. The study shows that humour and exclusivity are the two main functions that give reason to the use of art in the analysed advertisements. Furthermore, the semiotic analyses found that humour-based ads tend to depend more on the relation between words and image to create meaning. Advertisements based on exclusivity tend to be more reliant on the visual aspects of the image. A tendency towards visual links between the products and the artwork used in the advertisements could also be found. The comparative aspect of the study found a similar focus on humour and exclusivity in the advertisements, though different forms of humour. A more transparent use of exclusivity in the advertisements from Singapore than the Swedish ones could also be distinguished.
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Aston, Richard Michael. "The role of the fool and the carnivalesque in post-1945 German prose fiction on the Third Reich." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:10b3780b-66bd-4467-849f-8648ec969c55.
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This thesis examines post-1945 German prose fiction dealing with the Third Reich in the light of Mikhail Bakhtin's Rabelais and his World. My review of the secondary literature in Chapter 1 shows how few Germanists have examined the role of the carnivalesque in such fiction or used Bakhtin's work systematically. Having set out the shortcomings of Bakhtin's theory and shown Carnival's ambivalent position in the Third Reich, Chapter 2 builds on this theoretical and historical foundation by giving an overview of the different ways in which authors deploy the Fool and the carnivalesque in post-1945 prose fiction. This overview provides a context for the rest of the thesis, in which I discuss in detail how four authors use the topoi of the Fool and the carnivalesque in different ways to confront the past and encourage social change. Thus, Chapter 3 analyses Hans Hellmut Kirst's 08/15 trilogy (1954-55) which describes Asch's carnivalesque subversion of the NCOs who abuse power within the Army, and his subsequent development into a positive figure of authority. Chapter 4 argues that, beneath its bleak surface, Günter Grass's Hundejahre (1963) deploys the carnivalesque to transmit a sense of mourning and rebirth after the Holocaust. Chapter 5 deals with Edgar Hilsenrath's Der Nazi and der Friseur (1977), whose Fool-protagonist provokes the reader to laugh at earlier attempts to make sense of the Holocaust in order to prioritize the act of anamnesis as an end in itself. Chapter 6 examines Gert Hermann's Veilchenfeld (1987) and Der Kinoerzähler (1990). Veilchenfeld is a carnivalesque signifier of Nature whose persecution at the hands of the people of Limbach parallels the town's ecological destruction, so that the novel can be read as a critique of the exploitation of Nature. In Der Kinoerzähler Hofmann uses Karl, a Fool-figure who narrates silent films, to encourage the development of critical faculties which combat the fatalism and authoritarianism that hamper social change. It becomes clear that the authors of the above works have anticipated the shortcomings of Carnival as a model of resistance and have thus redefined the Fool and the carnivalesque. So in my view, although the way the authors deploy these topoi maps only partially with Bakhtin's ideas about Carnival, these authors have understood the central concepts of the carnivalesque's ambivalence and its powers to subvert authority and use them productively to deal with the issues raised by the Third Reich.
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Montlahuc, Pascal. "Le pouvoir des bons mots : "faire rire" et politique à Rome du milieu du IIIe siècle a.C. à l'avènement des Antonins." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC130.
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Ce travail reconstitue les mécanismes humoristiques propres à la concurrence politique des époques tardo-républicaine et impériale, dans le but de montrer les adaptations du risum mouere aux changements politiques et sociaux intervenus durant cette période. Il s’agit de dépasser une lecture théorique centrée sur le rire de l’homo urbanus et du bon orateur proposée par Cicéron et Quintilien pour lui préférer une lecture historicisée et combinatoire, considérant les orateurs, les traits d’esprit, les auditoires et les causes politiques comme un tout à l’agencement variable de ce que les Modernes nomment l’« humour politique ». Scrutant les divers contextes politiques de cet humour (les procès, le Sénat, les contiones, le Forum, la campagne militaire ou encore la rue), la recherche souligne également le passage, selon des rythmes syncopés résultant d’un repli de la causticité aristocratique face à César mais qui perdure à l’époque triumvirale, d’un « faire rire » frontal articulé autour du succès oratoire vers un humour fondé sur l’anonymat des correspondances, des graffitis ou des chants du triomphe. La dernière partie du travail, centrée sur le premier siècle du Principat, part de l’opposition établie par des sources pro-sénatoriales entre les « bons princes » et les « tyrans » pour mieux montrer que, ne se limitant pas à refuser ou à accepter le rire politique selon son degré de dangerosité pour leur autorité politique, les princes utilisèrent également le rire à leur profit, entretenant par là une « inaccessible accessibilité » au fondement du charisme impérial, permettant l’aboutissement de la « Révolution romaine »This work explores the links between risum mouere and Roman political competition from the two last centuries of the Republic to the beginnings of the Principate. It is necessary to go beyond a critical discussion of the influential theories of the good orator and homo urbanus (mostly conceptualized by Cicero and Quintilian) and instead to adopt a historicizing and complex reading of the phenomenon, conceiving political humor as an ever-changing object shaped by orators, jokes, audiences, and political struggles. In order to understand its role in the roman city, political humor thus needs to be considered as a contextualized whole. The first part of the dissertation considers risum mouere in the context of trials, in the Senate, on the Forum, in the street or at war. Each of these case studies reveals a type of political humor that is freely and openly used in public life. The second part tries to determine what impact Caesar’s rise and the triumvirs had on political competition and, at the same time, on the possibilities of using political humor in the city. This section sheds light on the multiple ways in which the aristocrats and people of Rome continued to mock the powerful (Caesar, Antony and Octavian) by using more discreet channels (correspondence, graffiti, triumphal songs), and how these enabled them to keep expressing strong political opposition, which was otherwise dangerous to address in broad daylight. The third and last part focuses on the first century A.D. and discusses the opposition elaborated by ancient authors between the “good prince”, who was naturally comfortable with political humor, and the repressive “tyrant”. A critical study of the literary documentation shows that every Princeps tended to discourage political humor when it meant an effective danger for the imperial authority, but also that emperors knew how to use laughter and humor to create a form of “inapproachable approachability” which constituted a foundation of imperial charisma and strengthened the new regime, born from the “Roman revolution”
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Senior, Rosemary. "The good language class: Teacher perceptions." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1999. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/119.
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This is a qualitative, descriptive study of group processes in classes of adult language learners, viewed from the perspective of practising teachers. The study has an internal narrative which takes the reader through the process of the research, from the initial question raised by a casual classroom conversation to the discussion chapter which questions a number of assumptions underlying current English language teaching practices within western educational contexts. The study falls into two distinct phases. The first phase uses the constant comparative method of data collection and analysis to integrate the perceptions of 28 experienced language teachers into the following theory: teachers judge the quality of their classes in terms of the degree to which they function as cohesive groups. The second phase uses the social-psychological framework of class cohesion to explore the perceptions of eight language teachers concerning a range of everyday behaviours and events occurring within their classes. The data were gathered through classroom observations and extended weekly teacher interviews and were supplemented by information from student interviews.
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Jonas-Fowler, Joycelyn. "Is This Black Enough for You? A Comparative Analysis of African-American Families Portrayed in Black Family Television Comedies between 1980 and 2000." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2018. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/cauetds/134.
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Research shows that black people watch more television than any other race of people, and, given that television is the most influential media tool, the content of what may affect an audience’s behavior and beliefs deserves analysis. This study examines the black family, alleged pathology, strengths that are specifically associated with them, its portrayal on television, and how television is used as a tool for socialization and influence. A content analysis of the top thirty black family shows that appeared on major network television between 1980 and 2000 was conducted to determine if the family framed was portrayed realistically. Each show analyzed was found to portray some characteristic of strong black families, attributes some media and social critics had not previously recognized or acknowledged. This study suggests that further research is warranted from black family, cultural, and media scholars, as well as social policy and program makers, and on how television influences entire cultures to shift socially and economically.
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Webb, Joel C. "Drawing Defeat: Caricaturing War, Race, and Gender in Fin de Siglo Spain." Amherst, Mass. : University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/283/.
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Brown, Dominic Stewart. "Inequalities in morbidity and mortality over time and space in the Yorkshire and The Humber region : the roles of deprivation, migration and lifestyle, with special reference to prostate cancer." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270901.
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Bompar, Laurent. "Les facteurs influençant l'efficacité de la première relation commerciale." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00505567.
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Le futur d'une entreprise est garanti par sa capacité à créer de nouvelles relations commerciales. Le développement de son patrimoine de clients lui assure autonomie, pérennité et visibilité. Cette action de conquête est souvent confiée à la force de vente. Le vendeur semble le levier le plus efficace pour accroître la valeur et le nombre des nouveaux clients. Notre recherche a pour objet de définir et de comprendre le processus de la première relation commerciale entre un client et un vendeur. Ce mécanisme de la vente initiale est éclairé par la formalisation d'un modèle et la formulation d'hypothèses qui sont testées quantitativement sur un échantillon de 81 acheteurs professionnels et de 323 commerciaux. Une vente initiale performante satisfait des motivations économiques et sociales pour le client et pour le vendeur. Elle assure le transfert d'un bien mais aussi la réalisation d'un lien social. L'efficacité d'une première relation commerciale s'illustre par la combinaison de dimensions transactionnelles et relationnelles. Notre travail porte sur l'influence positive d'antécédents transactionnels et de préalables relationnels sur la performance d'une vente initiale pour la dyade client-vendeur. La confiance, la qualité de la relation et l'humour médiatisent les liens entre ces antécédents et la performance de la vente initiale. Ce processus est dynamique car marqué par l'influence positive des étapes de la vente initiale. Nos contributions enrichissent le corps théorique de la vente et la démarche méthodologique de recherche en vente. Pour le manager, notre recherche offre de multiples applications permettant d'accroître l'efficacité de la prospection commerciale des forces de vente.
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Candita, Linda A., University of Western Sydney, College of Arts, and School of Communication Arts. "Hooked on humour : achieving rapport in humorous interactions between men and women who are friends." 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/38155.
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Based on analyses of recorded real-life social interactions among English men and women friends living in England, this study shows how crucial it is to use a range of communication behaviours to express humour and maintain rapport. Men and women are keen to learn how to improve and preserve their social relationships (Mulac, Bradac and Gibbons, 2001). However, the immense literature on human communication ignores the multifaceted and positive force of humour in the social interactions of friends (Lynch, 2002). In addition, there is an absence of firm theoretical principles on which to develop counselling sessions and teach individuals to develop humour skills. Therefore, this study examines how participants incorporate humour in their ongoing conversation to achieve rapport in face-to-face social interaction in mixed-gender groups. This investigation is situated within the fields of human communication and humour and gender research. The necessarily communicative approach involved qualitative data collection and description, namely conversation analysis (CA) and ethnography, complemented by quantitative analysis. Communication context, that is, interactants’ attitudes and personality, their history, background knowledge, and how they relate to each other, are shown to play an important role in preserving friendships and maintaining rapport. Light is thrown on specific behaviours that could help men and women nurture their friendships and it is explained why there is a need for individuals to view humour as a positive force in their communication with one another. It is argued that misunderstandings may arise if men and women do not understand the way each gender uses humour. Thus, men and women could empower themselves by objectively examining how they interact, challenge the perceptions each may have about their own communication, and gain a more thorough understanding of verbal and non-verbal strategies for facilitating humour. By harmonising their verbal and non-verbal behaviours, men and women can use humour not only to express affiliation and commonality but also as a strategy for testing the boundaries of gender in a non-threatening way, to minimise differences, and to discover more about the opposite gender. In time and with further academic inquiry, humour could be acknowledged as a critical communication tool for establishing and sustaining relationships. The hope is that this study could be a catalyst for future research on promoting humour as a key element of daily social interaction.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Dubská, Veronika. "Humor na facebooku a jeho role v předvolební prezidentské kampani." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-328751.
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This thesis deals with humour on Facebook, I examine the themes and practices of humorous posts that are related to the direct election of the President of the Czech Republic,in particular to the two candidates who got into the second round of presidential elections, Karel Schwarzenberg and Miloš Zeman. In the theoretical part I introduce humour from a theoretical point of view. I identify three central theories, types of jokes and function of laugh. In subsequent chapters I define the basic assumptions that lead to the involvement of fans in the creation of online posts, which can circulate through social networks. I present new tools in online political marketing and summarize the basic topics of the official campaigns of both candidates. In the practical part I analyze, using the grounded theory, how and why Facebook users worked with humour in posts which respond to the presidential election. The material which was searched, can be described as illustrated jokes, photos with or without text, collages, comics or cartoons from official and unofficial Facebook pages of both candidates. The research showed that humour had primarily negative role during the campaign. Humour was a tool to defame and ridicule the candidate, jokes showed his shortcomings. It also warned voters what could happen in the...
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Kubištová, Lenka. "Role pánských lifestylových časopisů na českém mediálním trhu se zaměřením na časopis Maxim." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-321524.
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The thesis "Role of the Men's Lifestyle Magazines in the Czech Media Market with Focus on the Maxim Magazine" deals with the analysis of five lifestyle magazines for men situated in the Czech Republic in 2011 - Playboy, Esquire, FHM, ForMen, and Maxim. The thesis begins with a brief introduction into the history of the studied magazines in the Czech Republic and further examines them from the content, language, and graphics perspective. Special attention is dedicated to Maxim as it is the most successful magazine in the segment. With the help of the discourse analysis in the interpretation of Teun A. van Dijk the work focuses on five categories that characterize the magazine discourse: the ambivalent approach to the traditional "heroic" masculinity, the way Maxim communicates with its readers, the role of humour (especially irony) and the magazine's view on homosexuals and women. The thesis demonstrates the ideological - sexist - base of the Maxim discourse with the support of demonstrative examples.
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Dern, Nathan James. "Improvising Humor: An Ethnography of Comedy Theater." Thesis, 2018. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8R79XNC.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation is a qualitative sociological account of how adults involved in the play of improvisational comedy theatre use gender in their performance. I take play seriously as an important frame of social life where culture is actively maintained, created and put on display. My approach is a micro-interactional one analyzing moments of humor dealing with social categories via video recordings. As my case study I use performances of improvisational comedy theatre at the Upright Citizens Brigade (UCB) Theatre in New York City, one of the world’s premier improv comedy theatres, to observe adults actively engaging in play with each other, a space where men find disproportionate institutional success. Building on the frame theory of Cecilia Ridgeway, I look at when gender stereotypes are invoked in creating spontaneous scenes of human interaction, and in so doing, to what extent performers are able to work through “straitjackets” of social conventions, focusing on the distinction between scenes making fun of sexism verse scenes that are merely sexist. I look at the ways that though people occupy a role, there is room for them to improvise within that role, adopting different strategies for comedic success. To this end, I conclude by comparing Shamus Khan’s range of masculine expressional opportunities theory, as presented in his work Privilege, with Robb Willer’s account of the masculine overcompensation thesis, arguing that the way in which male presenting improvisers are able to adopt the comedic strategies of minority groups under the guise of irony, thereby securing that the number of expressional opportunities available to them is greater than other groups, ensures the continuation of their dominance.
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LI-CHUAN, LEE, and 李麗娟. "The Role of Humor in Marital Adjustment." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/egf93a.
Full textAbstract:
碩士玄奘大學
應用心理學系碩士在職專班
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Through qualitative interviews, this study collected anecdotes about the lives of married couples who feel that they have experienced a smooth marital adjustment. Their stories provide a deeper understanding of the ways married couples use humor in their interactions with each other and examine the role of humor in marital adjustment as well. This study used the interview content to identify three humor-oriented approaches to marital conflicts. These are provided below as a reference for married individuals who may currently be facing marital issues. 1. The emotional aspect: Remember their good intentions, and react with love Certain marital conflicts can arise from needing assurance that their spouse’s love for them remains intact. However, realizing that the latter’s reactions are motivated by love can allow the individual to respond lovingly. The lighthearted talks that follow will create a stronger sense of security and add excitement to an otherwise routine life. Over time, the love in a marriage will only grow deeper and more meaningful. 2. The personal aspect: Focus on the big picture and avoid conflicts From the moment they say “I do” , the two people in a marriage must face the realities of everyday life together. However, placing a magnifying glass on every problem in their life or their partner’s flaws can have tragic consequences for a marriage. By offering varying ways to understand this common difficulty in marriages, the interview subjects showed that logical reasoning rarely has a place in marital resolution. Instead, the secret to success is the “playing dumb to win smart” strategy: rising above intentional provocation as a way to maintain peace. 3. The life aspect: Even the best of friends must part, so cherish your opportunities Even the most perfect stories have a beginning and an end. While we oftentimes celebrate the beginning of a new life, we forget that everything comes to an end. Marriage is no exception. Based on their own experiences, the interview subjects of this study shared that one approach for avoiding a lifetime of regret is to believe that encounters happen for a reason, so cherish your partner. After all, it takes a thousand years to bring two people to share the same pillow, according to a Chinese proverb. Similarly, our research found that humor and marriage reflected the interactive cycles of the yin-and-yang symbols in tai chi. Like the tai chi eye, humor keeps married life moving smoothly, and its role in marital adjustment is to alleviate marital issues. This study used its findings to examine the research topic from two perspectives – attitude toward life and learning from humor – and offered actionable suggestions on their real-life application. It is hoped that this will serve as a reference for other academics or married individuals in better understanding marital adjustment.
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Adams, Elizabeth A. "The role of playful humor in art therapy." Thesis, 2002. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/1852/1/MQ74861.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
A pilot study was conducted to explore the role of playful humor as an adjunct to art therapy with children from families with dysfunctional relationships in crisis. The combination of play and art therapy is recognized as effective with children; however, the role of humor in this setting has not been reported. Six children (3 male, 3 female) from ages 9-15 years were studied for a 3 to 7 month period. Each child engaged in non-directive art therapy with humor introduced in the form of jokes and playful interchange throughout the therapy. Detailed records were kept of the humorous interplay including reflexive notations by the therapist/investigator. It was observed that humor facilitated a rapid formation of a therapeutic alliance, establishment of the play space and creation of a playful atmosphere. This playful atmosphere facilitated the expression of feelings and advanced the working through of problems. As therapy progressed, the children developed a greater receptiveness to humor, as they expressed their feelings and tackled their problems through playful art expressions. This enabled them to gain a degree of mastery over their problems. The therapy contributed to the children's development of a healthy humorous outlook toward the self and to life in general. While a larger sample population needs to be studied, this pilot study demonstrated a beneficial role for humor in conjunction with art therapy and play with children in family crisis.