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Mahbub, Tasmina. "The performance of Bangladeshi commercial banks : the role of corporate governance." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-performance-of-bangladeshi-commercial-banksthe-role-of-corporate-governance(8fcbba3e-7b37-470e-92e7-1a905718ab15).html.
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Academic studies of Bangladeshi Private Commercial Banks (PCBs) have identified issues of Corporate Governance relating to ‘crony capitalism’ and political influence. The thesis combines quantitative and qualitative methods. The research employs conventional econometric panel estimation and a novel method of estimating efficiency using a non-parametric bootstrapping technology. The results reveal significant performance differences. To understand the causes underlying the differences in revenue efficiency and profitability, multiple lenses from theories of Corporate Governance are adopted to design semi-structured interviews. Twenty in-depth interviews from a sample of banks, both managers and board members and industry stakeholders are supplemented with documentary analysis. The quantitative findings reveal a performance gap between 1st Generation PCBs and 2nd and 3rd Generation PCBs in terms of Efficiency and Profitability. 1st Gen PCBs perform worst whereas there is no statistical difference between Gen 2 and Gen 3 PCBs. Moreover, there is no sign of catch-up or improvement for the 1st Generation PCBs. The research demonstrates that an increasing amount of 1st Generation banks’ Non Performing Loans is the main reason for this performance gap. The interview data relate the performance gaps to inadequate Corporate Governance. The research identifies family dominated boards that have encouraged crony capitalism and featherbedding of employees resulting in excessive Non Performing Loans and higher overhead costs. Also, these 1st Generation banks are excessively large in terms of employees, rural branches and remittance earnings leading to a culture of invulnerability to takeover.
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Dutta, Sanjay. "Role of commercial banks in agricultural development with special reference to jalpaiguri District." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2020. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4332.
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Ailola, David A. "The regulation of commercial banks in Zambia and their role in development." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1988. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4317/.
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This work analyses the regulation of commercial banks in Zambia and its impact on the role that these institutions are playing in national development. The background to this analysis is -the conviction that as these institutions control enormous amounts of resources, or are capable of doing so, then they need certain incentives to make them available for investment. These institutions are not using their own money. Such incentives or inducements therefore must ensure that those resources are safely invested. The incentives envisaged include regulations both of the institutions themselves as well as the economic system. It is these aspects that this work examines. The work is divided into six basic chapters. The first chapter is the introduction which makes the case for a role to be played by commercial banks in development, under proper regulation. The second chapter gives a historical origin of banks in Zambia, including the circumstances of existing commercial banks. Chapter three deals with the regulations affecting commercial banking. This is basically an outline of the various statutes enacted in the country since the colonial days. Chapter four makes the case for the actual relevance or need for commercial bank involvement in Zambia's economic development. It sketches out the historical shortage of resources in investment. Chapter five deals with the actual role played by banks in Zambia's development, while chapter six appraises the effect of the regulations on that performance. The seventh chapter is a summary of the study and the conclusions reached. The law is stated as it stood in 1985, although recent developments and laws known to the author are included.
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Aydin, Sadiye. "Housing Finance In Turkey: The Role Of Housing Loans Extended By Commercial Banks." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607998/index.pdf.
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With the 1980s, as a result of economic and financial deregulation policies, housing finance systems in most countries have had great transformations and have become market-oriented. Recently, in Turkey, a draft law was submitted to the parliament which can be regarded as an attempt to integrate housing finance to capital markets through the establishment of secondary market for housing loans extended by commercial banks. In this thesis, it is aimed to evaluate the role of housing loans extended by commercial banks on housing finance in Turkey, to assess the prospective legal regulation in terms of lenders and borrowers of housing loans and to discuss the anticipated impacts of this scheme to the commercial banks, the housing loans and borrowers within the context of global trends in housing finance. For these purposes, housing files extended by commercial banks have been examined and in-dept interviews have been conducted with interviewees from commercial banks, Capital Market Board and Housing Development Administration. As a result, it is found out that the role of housing loans extended by commercial banks is very limited in housing finance in Turkey and only high income groups can access these loans. Moreover, it is explicit that the housing finance scheme in the draft law is entirely market-oriented and targets the middle and upper income groups. On the other hand, such a policy orientation is quite problematic and paradoxical in thatthe housing problem in Turkey is most dramatically felt by the lower middle and low income groups.
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Pavlidis, Panayiotis M. "Marketing's role in successful new product development in commercial, investment and merchant banks." Thesis, City University London, 1993. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8378/.
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This thesis investigates marketing's role in new product development (NPD) in commercial, investment and merchant banks. It examines how marketing inputs contribute to new product development success. NPD success can be measured at two levels of analysis - at the program and at the project level. Our study is concentrated at the program level at which sustained product development success is examined, rather than one-off project success. Successful product developers are identified as those banks with a better record of being first to market with new products. This measure of product development success is important in the financial risk management market in which commercial, investment and merchant banks compete fiercely. Based on peer evaluation seventeen banks were identified as innovative, that is to say; active new product developers in the financial risk management market from a universe of almost 130 U.K. and foreign banks with established operations in London. From these seventeen eight participated in our research study. Data was collected in two stages. First, personal interviews were conducted with the heads of the treasury divisions or the heads of derivates desks to collect background information for control purposes. Second, detailed questionnaires were administered to two further members of each bank who were involved with the development of financial risk management products. The questionnaires consisted of statements for which respondents were invited to indicate agreement or disagreement on 5-point Likert type scales. Our findings show that it is not the trappings but the quality of marketing inputs that contribute to program success. Quality of marketing inputs comprises the quality of approach adopted and the quality of execution. The most important finding is that successful product developers adopt higher quality marketing than do less successful product developers. Successful product developers place great emphasis on getting both their approach and their execution right. It was found that successful product developers adopt a market-based approach in identifying new opportunities. They not only adopt a strategy which selects markets on the basis of benefits sought (instead of determining strategy on the basis of primarily internal strengths), but they also use internal marketing to promote this cause. Further, successful product developers possess the appropriate implementation skills to exploit selected opportunities. While we cannot claim that program success will be guaranteed from a market-based approach, our evidence lends strong support that absence of a market-based approach is likely to lead to considerably lesser success in the type of product development investigated in this research study.
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Razzaque, Abdur. "Role of financial institutions in relation to rural development with special reference to a backward district like Malda since nationalisation of commercial banks (1969)." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/557.
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Morton, Kenneth. "Exploring Bank Managers' Strategies for Developing Millennials for Leadership Roles in Commercial Banks." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2416.
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Understanding strategies to prepare Millennials for leadership roles in commercial banks is critical to ensure organizational stability and success and to avoid knowledge gaps and leadership deficiencies created by large numbers of retiring Baby Boomers. Guided by learning network theory and generational theory, the purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the strategies that 3 bank managers in North Carolina and South Carolina used to prepare Millennials for leadership. These 3 bank managers had a minimum of 2 years of experience leading teams of employees which included Millennials. The study included semistructured interviews to elicit detailed narratives from the bank managers on their experiences in preparing Millennials for leadership roles. Additional data included a review of public and private documents containing developmental activities and leadership program details used with Millennials. All data were analyzed and coded to identify recurring themes. Methodological triangulation was used to identify 5 key strategies used by managers to help prepare Millennials for leadership including structured development processes, generational alignment and engagement, coaching and mentoring, leveraging technology, and communications. Bank managers could use these findings to implement successful strategies to help Millennials prepare for leadership roles. Doing so promotes positive social change by identifying these strategies for bank managers to prepare key talent for leadership roles within organizations.
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Nabil, Barihan A. "The role of management accounting systems in enhancing organisational effectiveness in Jordanian commercial banks." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2005. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/36115.
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The research looks at the nature of MAS in Jordan, and at its role in enhancing organizational effectiveness in Jordanian commercial banks. It looks into MAS, their design, the causes behind their design, the operation of MAS, and subsequently any effects on OE. The first part of the fieldwork is a case study on one of the nine Jordanian commercial banks that form the research population. Data was collected from sixteen personal semi-structured interviews on the different aspects of MAS adopted in the case study. The second part of the fieldwork is a survey that covered the remaining eight Jordanian commercial banks. Data was collected from the eight banks through personal interviews based on the findings from the case study. The literature reviewed included areas of management accounting, management accounting research, management accounting systems, and organizational effectiveness.
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Al, Hawamdeh Nayel. "An investigation of the role of knowledge brokers during service encounters : the context of Jordanian commercial banks." Thesis, Brunel University, 2018. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/16686.
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Obtaining customer knowledge represents a key task across all firms given its importance for potential competitive advantage, improving service quality and achieving long-term relationships with agents. However, despite the fact that the interaction between customers and frontline employees during service encounters is considered a valuable source of customer knowledge, our understanding of the role of frontline employees as brokers in this respect remains embryonic. The purpose and motivation of this research are to explore the factors-namely, enablers and barriers-that influence frontline employees' motivation to serve as knowledge brokers. The process through which knowledge brokers transfer customer knowledge during service encounters is also considered important. This study further contributes to the theory of knowledge management by formulating a valid conceptual framework that illustrates the process of knowledge-brokering during these service encounters. This thesis adopted a qualitative research approach using an in-depth multiple case study analysis. In total, 30 semi-structured interviews with different informants (i.e. managers and employees) from three top commercial banks in Jordan were undertaken. In addition, other data sources, including documents and observations, were also informed the primary data collection. Contextually, Jordan's service-oriented economy combined with its developing nature provided a rich research environment for exploring these issues. The study reveals that frontline employees engage in knowledge-brokering during service encounters transfer through three types of customer knowledge, namely, knowledge about customers, knowledge for customers, and knowledge from customers. Furthermore, the main findings demonstrate four critical sets of factors facilitating or impeding knowledge-brokering during these events, i.e.; organisational-level factors (e.g. organisational culture, organisational structure, and organisational support), individual-level factors (e.g. job experience, prior customer knowledge, ability to understand customer knowledge, self-efficacy, and workload), technological-level factors (e.g. bank information system and a lack of a customer-relationship management system) and knowledge-level factors (e.g. tacit or explicit). It was also found that the process of knowledge-brokering during service encounters is accomplished in two ways: knowledge-brokering for the customer and knowledge-brokering for the organisation. This study also reports a set of managerial implications that provide a better understanding of the influential factors inherent in establishing and seeking to succeed in knowledge-brokering during the course of frontline bank employees' interactions during service encounters. Keywords: knowledge-brokering, frontline employees, customer knowledge, service encounters.
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Barkley, David L., and Peter E. Helander. "The Role of Commercial Bank Loans in Nonmetropolitan Economic Development." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/602137.
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Zou, Yijun, and Fan Li. "The Impact of Credit Risk Management on Profitability of Commercial Banks : A Study of Europe." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-92799.
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Banks today are the largest financial institutions around the world, with branches and subsidiaries throughout everyone’s life. However, commercial banks are facing risks when they are operating. Credit risk is one of the most significant risks that banks face, considering that granting credit is one of the main sources of income in commercial banks. Therefore, the management of the risk related to that credit affects the profitability of the banks. The aim of the research is to provide stakeholders with accurate information regarding the credit risk management of commercial banks with its impact on profitability. The main purpose of the research is to investigate if there is a relationship between credit risk management and profitability of commercial banks in Europe. We also aim to investigate if the relationship is stable or fluctuating. In the research model, ROE and ROA are defined as proxies of profitability while NPLR and CAR are defined as proxies of credit risk management. The research collects data from the largest 47 commercial banks in Europe from 2007 to 2012 and formulates four hypotheses which are related to the research question. A series of statistical tests are performed in order to test if the relationship exists. Other statistical tests are performed to investigate if the relationship is stable or not. The findings reveal that credit risk management does have positive effects on profitability of commercial banks. Between the two proxies of credit risk management, NPLR has a significant effect on the both ROE and ROA while CAR has an insignificant effect on both ROE and ROA. However, from 2007 to 2012, the relationships between all the proxies are not stable but fluctuating.
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Javed, Aziz. "Leadership styles and employees' job performance : the mediating role of employees' self- and collective efficacy in private commercial banks in Pakistan." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32031.
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Le leadership et la performance de ses adeptes ont toujours attiré l'attention des chercheurs de l'organisation. Le leadership est considéré comme l'un des facteurs importants, responsable de la performance de l'équipe et de l'organisation. Des études antérieures menées dans la plupart aux États-Unis et dans les pays européens ont parlé d'une association positive entre le leadership et le rendement des employés au travail. Peu d'auteurs ont signalé le lien négatif entre le style de leadership transactionnel et le rendement des employés. La plupart de ces études ont été menées dans les organisations publiques. Ici, nous avons mené cette étude dans le contexte de travail pakistanais pour vérifier les effets de leadership sur l'exécution des tâches subalternes et les comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle (CCO). Nous avons également vérifié les mécanismes éventuellement en cause dans cette relation leader-suiveur. Certains auteurs ont vérifié la politique d'organisation et de la justice organisationnelle comme mécanisme à la base possible, que nous avons testé des travailleurs indépendants et l'efficacité collective comme l'un des mécanismes possibles. Nos relations directes ont émis l'hypothèse entre deux styles de leadership (transactionnel et transformationnel) et l'exécution des tâches des employés, l’OCB, l’auto-efficacité et celle collective. Nos résultats ont été en partie similaires à des études antérieures en partie différentes de relations directes. Les études menées sur le leadership transactionnel et transformationnel ont été constatés positivement liés en termes d'exécution des tâches des employés, l’OCB, auto-efficacité et efficacité collective. Le leadership transactionnel est un meilleur indicateur de l’exécution des salariés de la tâche tandis que le leadership transformationnel est prouvé comme étant un meilleur indicateur de l’OCB des salariés.L’auto-efficacité et celle collective des employés s'est révélée être médiatrice entre les deux styles de leadership (transactionnel et transformationnel) et l'exécution des salariés des tâches et les comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle. Il est prouvé que l'auto-efficacité est la plus grande médiatrice entre le leadership transactionnel et l’exécution de la tâche alors que l'efficacité collective a été la plus forte médiatrice entre le leadership transformationnel et l’OCB des employés salariésLeadership and followers’ performance has always attracted organizational scholars’ attention. Leadership is considered as one of the important factor, responsible for organizational and team’s performance. Earlier studies mostly conducted in US and European countries and have mentioned a positive association between leadership and employees’ job performance. Few authors have reported negative linkage between transactional leadership style and employees’ performance. Most of these studies were conducted in public organizations. Here, we conducted this study in Pakistani work context to check the leadership effects on subordinates’ task performance and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs). We also checked the possible mechanism involved in this leader-follower relationship. Some authors have checked organizational politics and organizational justice as possible underpinning mechanism, while we tested employees’ self- and collective efficacy as one of the possible mechanism. Our direct hypothesized relationships were between two leadership styles (transactional and transformational) and employees’ task performance, OCBs, self- and collective efficacy. Our results were partially similar to previous studies while partially different for direct relationships. Both transactional and transformational were found positively related to employees’ task performance, OCBs, self- and collective efficacy. Transactional leadership was a stronger predictor of employees’ task performance while transformational leadership proved a stronger predictor of employees’ OCBs. Both employees’ self- and collective efficacy proved to be mediators between both leadership styles (transactional and transformational) and employees’ task performance and organizational citizenship behaviors. Self-efficacy proved a stronger mediator between transactional leadership and employees’ task performance while collective efficacy was stronger mediator between transformational leadership and employees’ OCBs
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Hakobjanyan, Elizabet. "The role of non-financial factors in credit granting used by commercial banks in developing economies (Emphasis on Republic of Armenia)." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-114238.
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In order to evaluate the creditworthiness of the company not only outstanding financial and economic knowledge will be needed but also inter-personal skills, common sense and good judgment of human nature. As the issue of finding employees with all the above mentioned qualification will occur for commercial banks the main proposition will be either hiring an expert in psychology or providing systematic psychological training for the credit experts. The idea is not currently used in the vast majority of banks and the appropriate training would be of a high value for credit specialists for their self-development. The quality of the credit specialists will trigger higher standards of credit granting. All these efforts will be become a milestone for a more reliable banking system and trustworthy financial transactions.
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Banhalmi-Zakar, Zsuzsa. "Understanding the Role of Environment in Project Lending: How Environmental Issues were Addressed in the Lending Practices of Two Commercial Banks." Thesis, Griffith University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365716.
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Since the mid-1990s, banks’ concern about the environment in their lending practices has been interpreted in terms of financial risks and opportunities. The majority of research has concentrated on (a) understanding what these risks are and (b) benchmarking institutions in terms of the measures they employ to control them. These studies painted a picture of a bank sector that perceives the environment primarily as a risk rather than an opportunity and where banks tend to deal with the environment within their existing risk (credit) management practices. While our understanding of the type of risks that the environment can represent in lending is well established, it is still not clear how specific environmental issues, such as the potential negative or positive impacts of proposed projects, transform into financial implications; how they are handled by banks and the extent to which they ultimately influence banks’ decision to finance projects. The purpose of this study was to enhance understanding in this area by investigating how environmental issues were handled in the project lending practices of two commercial banks. A qualitative case-study was conducted in a Hungarian bank in 2006 and an Australian bank in 2007. The Hungarian bank belonged to a Group that has signed the UNEP FI Statement, while the Australian institution has not signed this, or any similar voluntary environmental initiative. Interviews were conducted with staff members who were directly involved in the project lending process. A wide range of internal and external (publicly accessible) documents (such as credit policies, guidelines, forms, reports, case-studies, websites and Annual Reports) that provided insight into the day-to-day practices of the two banks were also examined.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Alamgir, Mohammed. "The role of integrated customer relationship management in generating and using knowledge in service industry: A study on commercial banks of Bangladesh." Thesis, Curtin University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1719.
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Research on Customer relationship management (CRM) has inconclusive findings in recent years. To address this gap this study develops an integrated CRM success model (ICRM) considering the multidimensional aspects of CRM and including the impacts of possible intervening variables. The research uses a mixed method design approach and is grounded on resource-based and knowledge based views. Findings confirm the direct role of ICRM, and mediating role of customer knowledge and relationship maintenance on CRM success.
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Saliya, Candauda Arachchige. "Role of bank lending in sustaining income/ wealth inequality in Sri Lanka." AUT University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/824.
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The purpose of this PhD thesis is to make a contribution to existing knowledge in the field of critical accounting by studying credit mechanisms and their link to income/wealth inequality in Sri Lankan society and the role of accounting technology in facilitating such mechanisms. The literature review revealed that: a) Global inequality is aggravated by the disparity of economic development which is possible only through state intervention; b) Unemployment is considered as a dilemma for economic development in developing countries by most politicians/administrators/researchers; c) In any country, around 60-70 percent of employment is generated by small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) and; d) Their major problem is access to credit. This research was designed to find out how the credit system works and why certain SMEs do not have adequate access to credit to develop their businesses; to provide employment; to increase the share of national income to the lower income groups; to narrow down the gap between the rich and poor within and between countries. A case study research approach was followed to extract data on real-life experiences of the research participants. Reliability of data was ensured by using various verification techniques and maximum efforts were made to balance the two extremes of validity of the research; internal and external. The extent of representation by the cases and the bank was tested, and judged as high, with 12-14 characteristics common to the Sri Lankan credit culture and banking industry respectively. Marxian critical theories were used for theoretical guidance throughout the research. The three case studies provide empirical evidence for the existence of the discriminatory nature of credit decision-making where two credit applicants were successful but a third credit applicant failed in obtaining credit. It is contended that the two successful applicants were powerful enough to approach a more powerful bank Chairperson and to obtain credit outside the normal credit rules with the support of accounting technology and using masks such as patriotism and social responsibility. The other applicant, who was initially accommodated with credit at the lower level, could not convince the credit decision-makers at the higher level with expensive professionally prepared accounting reports. This applicant was not from an influential social network and could not reach the powerful credit decision-makers informally was rejected through strict application of credit rules. Deep analysis of these facts supports the Marxian claim that credit and exploitation mechanisms work towards concentration of wealth and sustaining income inequality. Credit decisions supply money to influential individuals and it is argued that such economic power enhances the social powerbase of those individuals, which in turn reinforces the propensity to make preferential credit decisions, thereby making them richer. In contrast, a lack of money translates into powerlessness, deprivation and exclusion from social activities for the majority of the poor. In this process opportunities are lost to disadvantaged social groups and this necessarily results in poor people’s economic status remaining stagnant. These power-driven, discriminatory decision-making systems not only restrict the availability of financial capital for feasible projects, but also deny credit to potential enterprises. Further, wasting resources on unfeasible projects, while ignoring the need for nurturing potentially viable projects, are a double blow to efforts towards employment generation and economic development and therefore, are detrimental to the economic well-being of the general population. These findings provide insight for policy formulators for more productive financial capital mobility systems in Sri Lanka. It is suggested that suitable State intervention in regulating SME financing could remove such credit-related obstacles to economic development, and work towards a fair distribution of economic benefits to the people in Sri Lanka and beyond.
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Wickramaratne, Richart. "Understanding the role of career self-management behaviours in predicting career satisfaction and employee commitment: An empirical study of commercial banks in Sri Lanka." Thesis, Wickramaratne, Richart (2018) Understanding the role of career self-management behaviours in predicting career satisfaction and employee commitment: An empirical study of commercial banks in Sri Lanka. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2018. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/41895/.
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In a difficult and unstable employment climate, employees must be proactive in the management of their careers. This research fills a gap in the existing literature by evaluating the role of individual career self-management behaviours in predicting career satisfaction and commitment of employees. Understanding the impact of career development opportunities and career oriented support provided by the employer on the individual’s career self-management behaviours and subsequent satisfaction and commitment is important to both the organisation and the individual when organisations can no longer guarantee life-time employment. Data were collected, via an online survey, from 224 middle managers of commercial banks in Sri Lanka, and evaluated using Structural Equation Modeling. This is the first study of its kind to explore the impact of career development opportunities and perceived career oriented support on commitment and subjective career satisfaction made via individual career self-management behaviours.
The findings, which have important implications for policy makers, indicate that the organisation’s concern for employee career needs, independently affect the employees’ ability to manage their own careers such as their externally oriented mobility behaviour. The mobility behaviour as an individual career self-management behaviour, serves as a mediating factor which affect the employees’ attachment (affective commitment), whereas the networking behaviour enhances career satisfaction by aligning career progress with individual goals, values, and preferences. When the organisation provides fewer opportunities for advancement and demonstrates little concern about individual career needs, employees are likely to be less attached to the organisation, and are more likely to seek opportunities outside the organisation.
This research makes a unique contribution to the literature by establishing an empirical link between the employee-perceived organisational career oriented support and employees’ external mobility oriented career self-management behaviour as a mediating factor in the employees’ subsequent affective commitment to the organisation. This mediating role of externally oriented mobility behaviour provides support for the Integrative Model of Proactive Behaviour that the contextual factors, such as organisational support for career development, enhance employee proactive behaviour like employees’ career self-management behaviours and in turn this proactive behaviour leads to employee outcomes.
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Affara, Fatima Mohammed Seleh. "The role of financial intermediaries in Saudi Arabia's development, with particular reference to the National Commercial Bank." Thesis, Durham University, 1995. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5122/.
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The purpose of this thesis is to examine the role of financial intermediaries in Saudi Arabia’s development with particular reference to the experience of the National Commercial Bank, the oldest bank in the Kingdom and the largest in the Middle East. The objective of the work was to reveal to what extent financial intermediation was involved in the development process of Saudi Arabia? Were commercial banks a prerequisite for development or was their growth a consequence of it? Was the development financed through Saudi Arabian financial intermediaries or was it funded from elsewhere, namely, revenues from crude oil disbursed through government spending? As a result, was the financial system permitted to deepen its financing or merely widen its activities? Was the Saudi Arabian government's role in development so great that commercial banks experienced crowding out? These issues were explored by examining the overall position of the commercial banks, and the National Commercial Bank in particular. The case study of the National Commercial Bank's financial statements and financial ratios over a period of two decades revealed its unfolding role within the economy. An investigation was made of the competitive position of the National Commercial Bank vis-a-vis other banks, and the fluctuations in its market share of deposits and loans was assessed. Finally, interviews and surveys revealed the bank's new managerial strategies and its plans for future business development to serve the needs of its clients. It was found that the liberalisation of the Saudi Arabian financial system had contributed to the Kingdom's economic development, and resulted in changes in institutions such as the National Commercial Bank which meant they could play an increasing role in the funding of industrialisation.
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Dunn, Jessica. "Golden Handshakes at Commercial Banks." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/671.
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Compensation systems are designed by boards of directors to encourage manager performance. Severance packages are intended to provide insurance for the CEO's human value. Frequently, however, severance packages are increased upon termination by boards of directors at will. These non-contractual severance payments are called discretionary severance pay. This study investigates discretionary severance pay at financial institutions surrounding the financial crisis. Financial institutions are of particular interest as they faced unique regulations limiting the amount of severance payable to departing CEOs. There is evidence that the boards of directors engaged in regulatory arbitrage by increasing payments for the consulting and non-compete component of severance pay and decreasing payments for other components of discretionary severance pay.
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Ozturk, Huseyin. "Three essays in Turkish banking : development banks, Islamic banks and commercial banks." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31399.
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This thesis is composed of three empirical chapters each of which examines separate segments of Turkish banking system from different perspectives. First empirical chapter investigates regional loan distribution of development banks. The findings in this chapter suggest that political connection has played a significant role in development lending. There is also geographical bias which leads to higher volumes of loans in the regions close to the capital city. Second empirical chapter examines Islamic banks and compares them with conventional banks in terms of profitability and competition grounds. The results reveal that Islamic banks earn more returns with respect to conventional banks. The results also suggest that the regulatory changes of the last decade improve market power of these banks. The last empirical chapter investigates micro structure of Repo and Reverse Repo Market of Turkey in which only commercial banks can transact. This chapter initially presents the network topologies of this market that helps one to understand the characteristics of complex network in this market. This chapter then computes a connectivity measure and investigates the drivers of connectivity out of domestic and external factors. Although results provide very rich insights, external factors dominate the behaviour of network in this market.
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Zagoub, Ali A. "Corporate governance in Libyan commercial banks." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.629586.
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This thesis uses a new institutional sociology perspective to examine the adoption of corporate governance practices in Libyan commercial banks (LCBs). In particular, it investigates the perceptions of various stakeholders towards corporate governance in LCBs in order to provide a general understanding of how different types of institutional pressures (isomorphism) have influenced and shaped the current corporate governance practices of LCBs and to investigate whether LCBs have adopted the same corporate governance practices or whether there are any differences across different banks. For this purpose, two pieces of empirical work, semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire survey were conducted respectively. The interviews were held with a number of stakeholders in Libya in 2009 to ascertain their views on corporate governance in LCBs. The extant literature and the findings from the interviews have informed the second part of the empirical work of this thesis examining the corporate governance of three different banks: a state-owned bank; a bank with part Western ownership as a strategic partner; and a privately owned Libyan bank. A questionnaire survey of different stakeholder groups was conducted in 2010 about the practices of these three banks to establish whether the ownership structure or any other factors have affected the governance practices of these three banks and whether certain features have been institutionalised. The main findings indicate that the concept of corporate governance is new in LCBs, only introduced in 2006 when the CBL issued its Corporate Governance Guidelines for Boards of Directors in LCBs, and thus its adoption in Libya still in its early stage. Although such guidelines were very important for LBCs to establish their own corporate governance system and practices, LCBs are not yet ready to accept and adopt corporate governance because of the boards and executive managements are not focused on adopting corporate governance. Moreover, the guidelines are not mandatory and need board members that are practised in dealing with corporate governance issues, and therefore, the guidelines have been mostly ignored leading to many poor practices. The findings illustrate that different types of institutional pressures are shaping the current corporate governance practices and reforms in LCBs, especially coercive pressure from the CBL and the Libyan Bank Law requirements. However, such pressures are inadequate, as they only focus on the composition of the board. Further, the influence of these institutional pressures, to some extent, varies according to the ownership structure of LCBs, making some differences in responding to institutional pressures, and thus in corporate governance practices between LCBs. Overall, the findings illustrate that there is a need for more effort and pressure from the CBL to encourage and press LCBs to adopt better corporate governance practices. In this context, the latest developments indicate that the CBL is continuing to exert coercive pressure on LCBs to comply with sound corporate governance practices. The CBL developed and replaced the voluntary Corporate Governance Guidelines by the Corporate Governance Code for the Banking Sector (2010), which will mandatorily apply in 2011.
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Song, Yang. "Performance management in Chinese commercial banks." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/57089/.
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This dissertation aims to design and implement a tailored performance management framework for Chinese commercial banks in order to deal with some of the bank problems. Chinese commercial banks are experiencing rapid development from both internal management and external environments. With increasingly fierce competition, more strict risk management requirements and ongoing reform of process-oriented bank, many issues emerged regarding to the banks management and operations. Performance management is believed to be an effective tool to deal with some of the bank problems. However, the current performance management frameworks used in Chinese commercial banks are mostly designed for general organizations. There is lack of a systematic performance management framework specially designed for Chinese commercial banks considering features of banking operations and their current situations. Thus in this study, the main features of Chinese commercial banks are firstly discussed, which include risk management and external supervisory institutions. Then a performance management review is carried out including key definitions and current developments of performance management theories as well as some performance management methods. The commonly applied six steps performance management framework is adopted in this research since it is consistent with the research purpose. After that, the current performance management studies and practices in Chinese commercial banks are reviewed and discussed. Meanwhile, recent studies show that suitable performance management models are closely related to organizational structure. Therefore a review of organizational structure theories, especially the Minzberg's configuration theory, is carried out. The configuration theory suggests applying different management approaches for different parts of an organization, which assists to identify different structures in Chinese commercial banks and then design proper performance management activities. Based on the above review, a performance management framework for Chinese commercial bank is developed. This framework initially follows the six steps framework and integrates the bank features in management and operations into the performance management activities. The configuration theory is also applied in this framework in order to identify performance management targets as well as design proper performance management approaches. The main contingency factors related to this framework are discussed, especially the factor of stable organizational structure, since a rapid changing organizational structure requires further adjustments of the framework. This framework is applied in a case study which is carried out in a Chinese commercial bank located in Henan province. A performance management system is designed and implemented according to the framework based on the banks current situation. Feedback is collected after the implementation, and generally is positive. The framework is then adjusted by introducing performance tree method in order to deal with rapidly changing organizational structure. Compared with other methods, Performance tree method does not rely on the current organizational structure (e.g. Department structure) to carry out the strategy decomposition and deployment. It is also powerful in looking for innovative improvements in operations. The adjusted framework is applied in another case study carried out in a commercial bank located in Zhejiang province. This bank is experiencing rapid change in both management and operations due to process-oriented banking reform. Traditional performance management approach is found failed to deal with their current situation. A performance management system is designed for this bank based on the adjusted framework. Moreover, we also assist to develop a digital mission monitoring system to track and carry out their daily performance management activities. The feedback is positive after the implementation, and the bank is praised for good progress in building of process-oriented bank. The main contribution of this dissertation is the design and implementation of the tailored performance management framework for Chinese commercial banks, especially the adjustments in framework by introducing the performance tree method. It enriches theories and practices of performance management system in a rapid changing organizational structure. Further studies are suggested to look for more applications of performance tree method in different type of organizations.
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Chikoko, Laurine. "Liquidity risk management by Zimbabwean commercial banks." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020344.
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Macroeconomic and financial market developments in Zimbabwe since 2000 have led to an increase in many banks‟ overall exposure to liquidity risk. The thesis highlights the importance of understanding and building comprehensive liquidity frameworks as defenses against liquidity stress. This study explores liquidity and liquidity risk management practices as well as the linkages and factors that affected different types of liquidity in the Zimbabwean banking sector during the Zimbabwean dollar and multiple currency eras. The research sought to present a comprehensive analysis of Zimbabwean commercial banks‟ liquidity risk management in challenging operating environments. Two periods were selected: January 2000 to December 2008 (the Zimbabwean dollar era) and March 2009 to June 2011 (the multiple currency era). Explanatory and survey research designs were used. The study applied econometric modeling using panel regression analysis to identify the major determinants of liquidity risk for 15 commercial banks in Zimbabwe. The financing gap ratio was used as the proxy for liquidity risk. The first investigation was on liquidity risk determinants in the Zimbabwean dollar era. The econometric investigations revealed that an increase in capital adequacy reduced liquidity risk and that there was a positive relationship between size and bank illiquidity. Liquidity risk was also explained by spreads. Inflation was positively related to liquidity risk and was a significant explanatory variable. Non-performing loans were not significant in explaining commercial banks‟ illiquidity, which is contrary to expectations. The second investigation was on commercial banks‟ liquidity risk determinants in the multiple currency era by using panel monthly data. The results showed that capital adequacy had a significant negative relationship with liquidity risk. The size of the bank was significant and positively related to bank illiquidity. Unlike in the Zimbabwean dollar era, spreads were negatively related to bank liquidity risk. Again, non-performing loans were a significant explanatory variable. The reserve requirements ratio and inflation also influenced bank illiquidity in the multiple currency regime. In both investigations, robustness tests for the main findings were done with an alternative dependent variable to the financing gap ratio. To complement the econometric analysis, a survey was conducted using questionnaires and interviews for the same 15 commercial banks. Empirical analysis in this research showed that during the 2000-2008 era; (i) no liquidity risk management guidelines were issued by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe until 2007. Banks relied on internal efforts in managing liquidity risk (ii) Liquidity was managed daily by treasury (iii) The operating environment was challenging with high inflation rates, which led to high demand for cash withdrawals by depositors (iv) Locally owned banks were more exposed to liquidity risk as compared to the foreign owned banks (v) Major sources of funds were new deposits, retention of maturities, shareholders, interbank borrowings, offshore lines of credit and also banks relied on the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe as the lender of last resort (vi) Financial markets were active and banks offered a wide range of products (vii) To manage liquidity from depositors, banks relied on cash reserves, calculating and analysing the withdrawal patterns. When faced with cash shortages, banks relied on the daily limits set by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (viii) Banks were lending but when the challenges deepened, they lent less in advances and increased investment in government securities. (ix) Inflation had major effects on liquidity risk management as it affected demand deposit tenors, fixed term products, corporate sector deposit mobilisation, cost of funds and investment portfolios (x) The regulatory environment was not favourable with RBZ policy measures designed to arrest inflation having negative repercussions on banks` liquidity management (xi) Banks had no liquidity crisis management frameworks. During the multiple currency exchange rate system (i) Commercial banks had problems in sourcing funds. They were mainly funded by transitory deposits with little coming in from treasury activities, interbank activities and offshore lines of credit. There was no lender of last resort function by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe. (ii) Some banks were still struggling to raise the minimum capital requirements (iii) Commercial banks offered narrow product ranges to clients (iv) To manage liquidity demand from clients, banks relied on the cash reserve ratio, and calculated the patterns of withdrawal, while some banks communicated with corporate clients on withdrawal schedules. (v) Zimbabwe commercial banks resumed the lending activity after dollarisation. Locally owned banks were aggressive, while foreign owned banks took a passive stance. There were problems with non-performing loans, especially from corporate clients, which exposed many banks to liquidity risk. (vi) Liquidity risk management in Zimbabwe was still guided by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Risk Management Guideline BSD-04, 2007. All banks had liquidity risk management policies and procedure manuals but some banks were not adhering to them. Banks also had liquidity risk limits in place but some violated them. Furthermore, some banks were not conducting stress tests. Although all banks had contingency plans in place, none were testing them. Specifically, the research study highlighted the potential sources of liquidity risk in the Zimbabwean dollar and multiple currency periods. Based on the results, the study recommends survival strategies for banks in managing liquidity risk in such environments. It proposes a comprehensive liquidity management framework that clearly identifies, measures and control liquidity risk consistent with bank-specific and the country‟s macroeconomic developments. The envisaged framework would assist banks in dealing with illiquidity in a manner that would be less disruptive and that could render any future crisis less painful. Of importance is the recommendation that the central bank might not need to be too strict or too relaxed, but be moderate in ensuring an enabling regulatory environment. This would help banks to manage liquidity risk and at the same time protect depositors in any challenging operating environment. In both the studied time periods, there were transitory deposits. Generally there is need to inculcate a savings culture in Zimbabwe.
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Ismail, Abdul Ghafar. "Monetary policy in deregulated commercial banks and in the presence of Islamic banks." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/421966/.
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Котенко, Олександр Олександрович, Александр Александрович Котенко, and Oleksandr Oleksandrovych Kotenko. "The perspective development directions of Ukrainian commercial banks." Thesis, Poltava University of Economics and Trade, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/62424.
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Bolton, Katy May. "Formalising the informal: The ‘fate’ of Village Banks." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29403.
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As our lives become more and more regulated by the powers that be, it is pertinent that there be acknowledgement of the people that are subject to these rules. When government attempts to regulate aspects of human lives, these regulations exist alongside the embedded mores of communities and the resulting social constructs.1 For this reason, one cannot dismiss the relevance of informal practices when discussing the formal sector and the prospect of regulation of such. With the gradual ‘financialising’ of those previously thought of as ‘unbanked’, there is a steady move toward increased interaction with credit, savings and financial transactions in general.2 Elizabeth Hull notes that as this trajectory continues, there has been a shift in efforts to provide financial services to those who fall outside of the formal sector. 3 The enthusiasm of such efforts has however differed between the informal and formal sector. Formal financial service provision for the poor is still severely lacking, due to the systemic flaws in financial institutions, which include high transaction costs, the need for collateral and stringent regulations.4 As a result of these inadequacies, informal financial services have flourished as they aim to mitigate the flaws associated with the formal sectors, in the hopes of fostering inclusion and pursuing economic sustainability.5 The Village Bank is one such informal financial service. The term ‘Village Bank’ is one widely used in the economic and anthropological literature to describe a member-based bank, usually operating at the intersection of the formal and informal sectors. I will use this terminology throughout my dissertation to reflect the concept as framed in the social science literature. In part 1.4 below, I give further details as to a possible definition of the Village Banks concept.
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Sikorska, Małgorzata, and P. G. Pererva. "Classification of corporative banks." Thesis, NTU "KhPI", 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/36484.
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Li, Jing. "Accounting conservatism and its implication on valuation in commercial banks /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ACCT%202004%20LI.
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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 37-38). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Nandy, Debaprosanna. "Impact of reforms on efficiency and profitability of commercial banks in India : a study of some selected banks in West Bengal." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1271.
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Laviziano, Angiolo. "Benchmarking of the commercial banking system in PR China." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21254059.
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Li, Hu. "Controlling risks in state-owned Commercial Banks of China." Thesis, University of Macau, 1999. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636243.
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Tam, Pui Neng. "Asset and liability management of commercial banks in Macau." Thesis, University of Macau, 1997. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636255.
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Fick, William. "A framework to investigate risk management in commercial banks." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1009429.
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Businesses are continuously exposed to a changing business environment which may either exert positive or negative influences on profitability. The banking industry, in particular, is highly competitive and bank failures can have significant consequences for customers. Commercial banks, therefore, have a responsibility to protect their customers by implementing sound risk management strategies. In light of the recent financial crises (since 2007), risk management has once again become a popular topic of discussion since adequate risk management should have prevented or minimised the impact of the risks faced by failed banks. The primary objective of this study was to develop a framework that could be used by South African commercial banks to investigate risk management. Qualitative research was conducted in this regard. From this, findings and recommendations were derived in order to provide banks with a tool by which they could assess their exposure to risk. Various journals, websites, newspapers, bank reports and textbooks were consulted in support of the literature. The literature provided background information on the history and development of the risk management process. Considerable attention was given to the categories of risk that an adequate risk management framework should address. Furthermore, the current models used to manage risk in commercial bank were provided, as well as the specific reasons for bank failures. The main findings of this study were the identification of the most significant reasons for banking failures. These were identified as capital inadequacy, credit risk due to non-performing loans and a lack of banking supervision. In addition to these reasons, several other contributing principles were identified as important factors to be included in a risk management framework. A risk management framework was thus constructed in Table 5.1 based on the literature regarding global banking failures and the relevant conclusions made by the researcher.
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Elmadani, Mohamed. "The study of service quality in Libyan commercial banks." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2015. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/28323/.
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Banking services are perhaps the largest industry that caters to -the needs of various segments of the population reflecting the diverse Diasporas of the society. Moreover perceived service quality tends to play a significant role in high involvement (high, interaction between customers and service providers) industries like banks. Also, banks often have long-term business relationships with customers. In addition, the banking sector is large enough to capture and represent almost all the critical features of the customer-perceived service quality and the critical dimensions of excellence that the management may have to encounter, in order to effectively manage a service organisation. However, there is considerable lack of literature with respect to service industry management, especially in the banking industry of developing economies. Therefore an analysis of banks in the Libya from a 'service-quality perspective' may sound interesting at this juncture. Such an investigation is vital for the bankers in order to enhance their business performance. Service quality plays an important role in the success of any organization generally but especially in the banking sector. This importance increased after a link was found between service quality and customer satisfaction, customer loyalty and financial performance. In the Libyan economy, the banking sector is one of the most important. Its significance increased after the 2003 lifting of the United Nations sanction. This was followed by entry to the sector of a number of domestic and multinational firms. Despite this increased competition, domestic banks are still widely considered to suffer from low levels of service quality. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to examine and compare expectations and perceptions from customers and bankers regarding the service quality provided by the commercial public and private banks in Libya. After an extensive review of the extant literature related to the Parasurman, Berry and Zeithaml (1985) Gap Model and the use of the SERVQUAL instrument to measure service quality, this study found that there was a gap in the literature regarding empirical research using the extended Gap Model to evaluate service quality in the banking sector. Therefore, the extended Gap Model has been used to examine service quality in Libyan commercial banks and SERVQUAL used to measure the service gaps. The resulting instrument is intended to help these banks to measure their service quality and focus on the service quality dimensions of most importance to their customers. It is also expected that this instrument, and its results, will contribute to future research into service quality. Both questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were employed to fulfil the study objectives. The questionnaire aimed to investigate the implementation of service quality in the Libyan banks sector, while, semi-structured interviews with managers aimed to gain an understanding of themes which had emerged from the questionnaire. The findings of the present study have produced some important results. Firstly, there are significant differences between the Libyan private and public banking sectors in terms of customer and bankers' standpoints of service quality. Secondly, customers' expectations of banks services were higher in the private banks than in the public banks. Thirdly, customers' perceptions of the banks services were higher in the public banks compared with the private banks. Forthly, the gap between customers' expectations and perceptions of services provided by public and private banks is generally widest in public banks in the majority of the 22 items. Fifthly, employees' perceptions of customers' expectations in both banks had high scores in the bank's service quality. Finaly, the results also show that the interviews provided another layer of information that contributed extremely well to the overall understanding of the service quality in Libyan commercial banks. The study has made an original contribution to the academic and practical knowledge of service quality. This study contributes to the understanding of service quality in terms of the Libyan banking context. The added value of this study emanates from the fact the research was conducted in Libya (a developing country with an extremely limited amount of service quality research conducted therein), and the fact it measured and assessed the service quality in both Libyan private and public banking sectors which form, along with the central bank, the entire Libyan banking system.
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He, Weijing. "A study of the internationalisation of Chinese commercial banks." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.700999.
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Frederick, Thomas. "Examining decision making on OREO properties within commercial banks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66336.
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Shang, J. "The competitiveness of state-owned commercial banks in China." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/4005.
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China has undertaken a series of comprehensive economic and banking reform programs over the past three decades. As part of the WTO agreement, the domestic financial sector is fully open to foreign investors from WTO member countries in 2006. To answer the challenges, the policy makers and management of SOCB have been introducing two major steps to improve the Competitiveness of the commercial banks: transfer the bad debts to asset management companies and inject foreign exchange reserves to capital. However, the qualitative study shows that the general performance of the state-owned commercial banks is unstable during this period. It is high time that the consequences and efficiency of the reform were examined on an objective basis. This research offers a careful and rigorous examination of the condition and determinants of banking efficiency and competitiveness in China, with the focus on the state-owned commercial banks. The key contribution of this study is to develop a comprehensive empirical framework to measure and explain the performance of the state-owned commercial banks during the crucial transitional period from 1998 to 2003. This research examines the banking market conditions on the basis of a synthesis of the traditional Structure-Conduct-Performance paradigm and other alternative hypotheses. The thesis reveals that the state-owned commercial banks still dominate in both retail and business banking markets. The interest earnings remain the dominant source of commercial revenues. Due to the special relationship with government and their operational characters in the financial market, the state-owned commercial banks are not sensitive to monetary policy adjustments. The competition from other type of commercial banks has been strengthening, but the impact is rather limited. The main contribution of this study to the empirical literature on the Chinese banking market is the employment of the Data Envelopment Analysis to measure the efficiency of the state-owned commercial banks at provincial level, followed by a panel econometric investigation into the differences in banking efficiency across the stat-owned commercial banking groups as well as individual provinces. The results show that the level of banking efficiency was generally very low and there was a significant extent of input surplus among the provincial branches. The source of inefficiency is different among individual banking groups. The econometric study reveals that the SOCBs benefit from the concentrated market structure and strong complementary relationship with their traditional business areas. The empirical results have also shed light on further policy measures to enhance banking competition and performance in China.
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Petrenko, E. "Transformation of commercial banks’ functioning standards in globalization context." Thesis, Ukrainian Academy of Banking of the National Bank of Ukraine, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/61324.
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Ye, Chasnyk. "Management of the financial resources formation for commercial banks." Master's thesis, Sumy State University, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/81800.
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Метою даної роботи є дослідження системи формування та управління фінансовими ресурсами банків.
Об’єкт дослідження – процеси формування банківських фінансових ресурсів на макрорівні та мікрорівні (на прикладі Першого українського міжнародного банку (ПУМБ)).
Предмет дослідження економічні відносини що виникають при формуванні та управлінні фінансовими ресурсами банків.
У першому розділі магістерської роботи аналізуються та узагальнюються теоретико-методологічні основи формування ресурсної бази банків. У другому розділі проведено структурно-динамічний аналіз ресурсної бази банків України впродовж 01.01.2012-01.01.2020 рр. та структурно-динамічний аналіз ресурсної бази Першого Українського Міжнародного Банку (ПУМБ) впродовж 2016-2020 рр.. У третьому розділі узагальнено позитивний досвід впровадження модифікованих інструментів формування фінансових ресурсів банків та приведені напрями розвитку банківської клієнтської бази.
При написанні роботи використовувались матеріали періодичних видань, монографічна література, аналітичні та статистичні матеріали НБУ та фінансова звітність ПУМБ.
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Besaha, B. "The problems of crediting by commercial banks in Ukraine." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/61297.
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Chauhan, Dilip J. "Role of commercial banks in agricultural development." Thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/3409.
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"The role of American banks in the PRC commercial lending market." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1985. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5885500.
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Wu, Jiao. "The Role of State Ownership in Commercial Banks: Experience of CEE Transition Countries." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-279303.
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Central and Eastern Europe(CEE) is the region where the ownership of banks has been through the most fundamental and massive changes during the past two decades. This paper analyses the role of state-ownership in commercial banks, whether and why state ownership imposes negative effects on commercial banks in CEE transition countries, through both theoretical arguments and empirical testings. The thesis summarizes previous literature and analyses the role of banking ownership and performance, particularly though a dynamic view of the banking privatisation process. It investigates the reasons why state-owned banks are harmful in CEE countries from a corporate governance point of view. Followed by empirical tests on this topic, including banking production efficiency measurement using Stochastic Frontier Analysis and second-stage regression analysis about the effects of ownership on banking efficiency and asset quality. This paper finds out that the state ownership of banks imposes negative effects on bank performance and hinders successful privatisation of enterprises. Banking production efficiency has been improving greatly in late 1990s and stayed at a constant high level in 2000s. Through panel data regressions, we find the negative effects of state-ownership on banking production efficiency and asset...
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"The role of commercial banks in financing small, medium and microenterprises in the Greater Soweto." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5987.
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M.Comm.The growth and development of the small. medium and microenterprise (SMME) sector is acknowledged by most interest groups and policy makers as being of critical importance to South Africa's ability to address the serious problems of unemployment. However research that has been conducted recently shows that the major factor that impedes the establishment and success of businesses is the lack of capital. which is ascribed to a lack of own funds and a lack of assets, especially fixed assets. which could serve as security-to obtain loans and bank overdrafts. Further. current levels of investments in SMMEs are inadequate for achieving the growth levels anticipated in the GEAR strategy. This problem is even more prevalent mainly in the areas of the previously disadvantaged. The purpose of this dissertation is therefore to identify the role of commercial banks in financing SMMEs in the Greater Soweto. This purpose stems from the fact that SMMEs have a major role to play in the South African economy in terms of employment creation. income generation and output growth. SMMEs are also often a vehicle through which the lowest-income people in our society gain access to economic opportunities at a time that distribution of income and wealth in South Africa is amongst the most unequal in the world. Commercial banks are profit-seeking and risk-averse institutions. They need to satisfy themselves in respect of the financial stability of the SMMEs that seek funds from them. To this effect, management procedures of the SMMEs that seek funds have to be acceptable and recognised by the commercial banks from which funds are sought. In light of this. practices of planning. organising, directing and controlling of the SMMEs are some of the key features over which SMMEs have control. It can also indicate their risk profiles to the commercial banks.Over and above the management procedures. SMMEs have to keep proper financial statements that clearly reveal the SMMEs' financial position. financial performances. growth plans and resources required to achieve those plans. This information is also important not only to commercial banks but also to other non-banking institutions that help SMMEs financially to evaluate their risk profiles. These other non-banking institutions could be less concerned about the risk profiles of the SMMEs but rather be more concerned about their development. The findings of this study reveal that while most SMMEs use the services of the commercial banks in one or other respect, they still have difficulty in obtaining finance. The main reason for the lack of finance is considered to be discrimination on the part of the commercial banks. However, other factors contribute to the difficulty in obtaining finance. These are a lack of understanding by banks and the fact that other than banks, there are not many other alternative sources of finance available to SMMEs in Soweto. The fact that most SM-MEs have had low pastnet profits and low owner's contribution is another reason. It is recommended that managements of the SMMEs improve their managerial skills on aspects of financing, financial information preparation, calculation of capital requirements and related matters. It is also recommended that commercial banks study the reasons offered by the respondents as to why they perceive them to be discriminatory in allocating funds to the previously disadvantaged SMMEs. It is therefore recommended that commercial banks seek to liminate this perception by means of a substantial public relations campaign that will bring together the commercial banks and the SMMEs concerned to discuss possible solutions to the problems at hand.
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Tsai, Wan Yen, and 蔡宛晏. "Determinants of Performance Efficiency of China's City Commercial Banks--Discussion of The Role of Local Governor's Tenure." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04414360361677827738.
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碩士國立政治大學
行政管理碩士學程
101
Since China has joined the World Trade Organization and has opened financial market from 2001, foreign banks strive to enter the second largest economic system. However, the performance of foreign banks is not as well as China’s banks because service network of foreign banks in China is not widespread. Investing China’s local banks directly becomes the most efficient method to get service network rapidly and serve local customers deeply. This research seeks determinants of performance efficiency of China’s city commercial banks and to be an useful reference of investing China’s banks for Taiwan. The research collects relative financial data of China’s city commercial banks from 2006 to 2011, including 398 samples. In addition, it uses DEA to get efficiency of every city commercial banks, and then analyzes what the determinants are through Tobit model. Evidence shows that governor’s tenure, scale of asset, equity-asset ratio, and GDP all have positive effect on performance efficiency of China’s city commercial banks; however, bad debt ratio has obviously negative effect on the performance efficiency of China’s city commercial banks. Moreover, we find that the offshore banks are normally inefficient than inbound banks. In addition, during 2006 to 2011 the efficiency of China’s city commercial banks show a descending trend.
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Sureka, B. "Role of commercial banks and financial institutions in financing and promoting women entrepreneurs-A case study of Karnataka State." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/2418.
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Bhadrappa, H. S. "Role of commercial banks and financial institutions in financing industries in industrially backward area-A case study of Mysore District." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/3109.
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Zhai, Rui-Xiang, and 翟瑞祥. "Nonlinear Impacts of Demand Management Policy, Monopoly Power and Leverage Ratio on the U.S. Commercial Banks'' Operating Performance: The Role of Leading Indicator." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/253jh2.
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碩士中原大學
國際經營與貿易研究所
105
This paper employs the two-stage approach to evaluate the banks’ performance persistence, operational risk (core capital ratio, price cost margin) and the demand management policies (monetary policy, fiscal policy) to investigate the nonlinear uncertainty effect. In the first stage, the banks’ performance was evaluated by slack-based super efficiency model, which describes the operating characteristics of banks’ multiple input-outputs. The nonlinear effect was estimated by panel smooth transition regression model with the transition variable of the U.S. leading indicator. The empirical result shows four useful results when leading indicator (LI) is below the threshold (0.9593): Firstly, the banks will face the operating recession if they are trying to increase their monopoly power in the market. The recovery is ineffective, even though the LI is higher than the threshold. Secondly, maintaining the core capital ratio results in decline of operating performance, but the negative impact is gradually improved while the economy is picking up. Thirdly, decreasing the fund rate may help improve the banks'' performance. However, the contribution is diminished, inch by inch, as the LI exceed the threshold. Finally, the national debt leads to increasing the long-term interest rate, which may help improve banks’ efficiency; however, the contribution is ineffective when economic is warming up. The policy suggestions, in our research, are including: 1.Maintaining the competitive financial environment may help the banks to improve their operating efficiency. 2. Formulating the flexible leverage ratio, in the different business cycle stage, could reduce the negative effect on banks. 3. Ideating a solution to the banks’ dilemma such as the higher cost of outside financing while maintaining the leverage ratio during the depression. 4. When the economy is in rescission, the quantitative easing monetary (fiscal) policy lead to decreasing (increasing) the short (long) term interest, which may help improve the banks’ efficiency.
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Lee, Yi Lin, and 李怡琳. "The Mediating Effect of Trust on Financial Holding Company Employee’ Psychological Contract That Influneced Employees’ Job Performance：Use The Merger Role of Commercial Banks’ Employees’ As Moderating Variables." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14000234221793747981.
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碩士實踐大學
企業管理研究所
94
The Mediating Effect of Trust on Financial Holding Company Employee’ Psychological Contract That Influneced Employees’ Job Performance：Use The Merger Role of Commercial Banks’ Employees’ As Moderating Variables Abstract In Taiwan, the competition among the financial industry is getting serious. Therefore, in order to improve the competitive advantages and reach the strategic goals, the financial entities have tried to expand their business through merger. Apart from organizational strategy and financial influences, merger also could affect the staffs’ inner thoughts who work in merging and merged companies even the outer behaviors. Consequently, from the view of staffs’ psychic contract who work in the firm which is engaging in merger with others, this research would like to discuss …… The results of this research are follow: 1. There are obvious difference between different kinds of psychic contracts and trust. 2. Four types of psychological contract staffs，only the affect-based trust have relation with organization commitment; both of the transactional-contract staffs’ affect-based trust and transitional-contract staffs’ cognition-based trust have negative relation in turnover intention. 3. The different roles between the merging and merged firms also will influence the turnover intention obviously but do not have obvious effect on organizational promise and Organizational citizenship behavior.
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Shen, Ying-Liang, and 沈盈良. "Study on Syndication Loans in Taiwan market as Bookrunner and Participant Bank role-Taking T Commercial Bank as an example." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zp6w59.
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