Dissertations / Theses: 'Role of an Engineer'

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Tao, Alice. "Form-maker and collaborator : the role of the structural engineer." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53067.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2009.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 49).
Over the past century, there have existed two major types of structural engineers. Some, like Robert Maillart, contributed greatly to the advancement of new forms. Others, such as Peter Rice, produced their most innovative work in collaboration with architects. The present study analyzes the work and methodology of both groups of engineers, with the purpose of defining the common ground between them. Finally, there is a detailed discussion of the 'form-makers' and 'collaborators' in the context of the present day, in an effort to describe the basis for quality in structural engineering.
by Alice Tao.
M.Eng.

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Vermeulen, Bernard. "The role of a design engineer in safety of building projects." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86355.

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Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
One of the causes for money to be wasted on construction sites is accidents. The reason is that an accident on site is an unplanned event typically relating to the loss of production or the loss of life. Many industry stakeholders and role players have focused on construction health and safety and to improve this area of concern; however, construction health and safety are not significantly improving. Construction still continues to contribute a large number of fatalities and injuries relative to other industry sectors. During the construction phase, poor construction health and safety performance is attributable to a lack of management commitment, inadequate supervision, and a lack of health and safety training and - systems. Health and safety systems do not only include excellent health and safety management on site, but rather an integrated approach on health and safety issues from the conceptual design phase by all stakeholders participating. This integrated approach includes the design done by the engineer. The inspiration behind this research is the question of whether South African Engineers design buildings safe for construction. The lack of knowledge by engineers with regard to construction processes, the lack of health and safety enforcement in the engineering offices and construction sites, and whether engineers adhere to safe design principles is the subject of investigation in this research. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the role of the design engineer in the safety of building projects. Specifically, it investigates to what extent the design engineer can contribute to site safety, and to what extent this is actually taking place. The Construction Regulations states the engineer can be appointed to act on behalf of a client and should share any information that might affect the health and safety of construction employees with the contractor. By means of a literature study, the investigation of case studies and the investigation of questionnaires to which a percentage of South African engineers responded, this research identified the information that should be shared by the design engineer with the contractor. The information can be shared by indicating hazardous activities or - locations on the actual drawings. Information can also be shared by specifying and reminding the contractor of certain health and safety hazards in the health and safety specifications of the building project. Although the Construction Regulations state that the safety hazards associated with most construction processes are the responsibility of the contractor, it will be beneficial for the safety of the employees if the engineer also consults the contractor on the hazards identified by him or her during the early design stages. Early collaboration between the engineer and contractor is also beneficial for the safety of construction employees. The result is an integrated approach towards safety hazard identification and mitigation. Having adequate knowledge with regard to construction processes allows the engineer to be aware of possible safety hazards. This will result in the correct information to be shared with the contractor and incorporated into the early design phases of the project to ensure a healthy and safe working environment. The study shows that a percentage of South African engineers have a lack of site experience, a lack of safety training, a lack of knowledge with regard to the content of the Construction Regulations, and a lack of knowledge with regard to construction processes. These shortcomings can be detrimental to site safety.

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Newton, P. D. "Becoming a female engineer : Sex role self concept and sex role attitudes in occupational choice and socialisation." Thesis, University of Kent, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373292.

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Suresh, Balan. "Analyses of job content technician-engineer roles." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6416.

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This study outlines the analysis of a post trade curriculum development system called Dacum. The term Dacum is an acronym for Developing A Curriculum. The system is generally considered to be a standard approach to competency based curriculum development and is used to plan the technical and vocational programmes for technician engineers. The analysis of the work roles for technician engineers is to show the range of activities they are engaged with in industries. Data for the study was collected through a survey conducted on behalf of New Zealand Engineering Industry Training Board. The generation of Dacum - charts and subsequent task analysis identifies the skills and beliefs required by technician engineers to perform successfully on a job and shows the relevance of the polytechnic studies as applied to their work. This also serves as a guideline to review curriculum design and training programmes for technician engineers that will render more effective practical application in their occupational roles.

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Vitelli, Frederico. "Herbivory by Parma mccullochi (Pomacentridae) : its role as an ecosystem engineer in temperate algal-dominated reefs." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/583.

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Pomacentridae is one of the most representative families of herbivorous fishes inhabiting both tropical and temperate reefs, yet the vast majority of studies examining feeding within this family have been undertaken in tropical rather than temperate regions. Despite the high abundances of the pomacentrid Parma mccullochi in temperate waters of Western Australia, and their likely importance in removing algae from reefs in the region, there is a lack of information on their diet and their impact on the reef algal community. This study aims to determine the role of Parma mccullochi as an ecosystem engineer on temperate algal-dominated reefs in the metropolitan waters of Perth, Western Australia. To achieve this, the diet of P. mccullochi and any ontogenetic differences, and its impact on the reef in terms of algal composition and algal recruitment were determined. P. mccullochi in the temperate reefs of Western Australia was found to be a strict herbivore, with its diet comprising almost entirely red foliose and filamentous algae such as Hypnea spp., Ceramium sp. and Brongniatrella sp., and showing no ontogenetic shift. Based on electivity indices, P. mccullochi showed a positive selection for specific algal taxa such as Brongniartella sp., Dasyclonium sp., Hypnea spp. and Dictyopteris spp. The species composition of macroalgae differed significantly between inside and outside P. mccullochi territories (P = 0.010), and a caging experiment in P. mccullochi territories indicated a moderate effect on the composition of recruiting algae (P = 0.067). Algal assemblages inside the territories were characterised by Hypnea spp. and Dasyclonium spp., while those outside the territories were characterised by the brown algae Ecklonia radiata and Sargassum spp., the foliose red alga Rhodimenia sonderi and the coralline red alga Amphiroa anceps. Total algal biomass was significantly lower (P = 0.0126) while species richness was higher (P = 0.0114) inside compared to outside territories. This study, therefore, provides the evidence to refute the theory that temperate Pomacentridae have a low impact on the temperate reefs (Jones 1992). P. mccullochi has the capacity to structure the benthic composition of reefs and maintain high biodiversity patches within kelp canopies. This effect is amplified by the high abundances of the species observed in Perth metropolitan waters, and can therefore be considered an ecosystem engineer/landscaper of temperate algal dominated reefs, highlighting its importance in ecosystem processes of temperate reefs in the region.

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Byars, Paul Francis Devine. "Role of the engineer in international development : a case study in water supply service delivery models in Sierra Leone." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10046.

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The eradication of global poverty is central to the concept of sustainable development. In developing nations the lack of essential infrastructure and technologies, which are necessary to provide people with their basic human rights, offer a central role for the engineer. These needs are increasing as new global threats, such as the pressures caused by population growth, the harmful effects of climate change or the increasing frequency and intensity of disasters, have only heightened the difficulties which threaten the world’s poorest nations. Decades of development practice has allowed the profession of engineering to engage with many of these global issues. Over this period the engineering approaches, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, have gradually moved from high impact and short-term disasters relief interventions to long-term endogenous solutions. This change in overall aims has raised awareness of the sustainability of current engineering interventions. Many of the results are not entirely positive. For example, in water supply engineering, certain national estimates of sustainability of hand-pump wells for countries in Sub-Saharan Africa can range from 30- 80%. The role that the engineer could provide in addressing the concerns of poorer nations has not yet been fully realised. This thesis evaluates the current engineering models of service delivery that are used by Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) in developing nations. These models of technology transfer are supposed to provide communities in developing nations with a sustainable access to technologies that can provide for their basic rights. It is from within these models that engineers, who in many cases are foreign to the socio-cultural systems of the host nation, perform their engineering function and activities. The field research focuses on a case study of water supply engineering projects that have been carried out within the rural District of Tonkolili in Sierra Leone. To address the complex socio-cultural and socio-technical systems in Sierra Leone this field research adopted a combination of qualitative and quantitative assessment methods. This involved investigating both the technical and social sustainability issues found in Sierra Leone. The research visits were both inductive and deductive. They covered 150 spatially distributed villages in the rural district of Tonkolili. The methodologies used as part of this study involved; interviews, focus group discussions, community mapping, transect walks and technical observations, to provide a broad understanding of the sustainability issues affecting engineering projects. A total of 309 hand-pump wells, pulley systems and borehole water points were evaluated as part of the research. The study investigated the technical, socio-technical and socio-cultural consequences of these technology transfers - as well as the current condition of the social support mechanisms that are designed to sustain the water schemes. The results of the technical observations demonstrated that there are a diverse range of failures, from extreme to moderate, that have occurred at many of the water points. During the field visits observations of water supply solutions found to have urgent technical problems were frequent occurrences. The majority of the water points (96%) were found to have at least one technical failing that required immediate maintenance or further engineering assistance. The social research also indicated that, of the 4,700 individual categories monitored, a significant proportion (49%) were technical problems that were within the capacities of village members to address locally. These technical problems found to be ignored by the host communities. The NGO trained support mechanisms, which were designed to provide sustainability to the systems, for innumerable reasons, were unable to operate effectively. The breakdown in function of these supporting systems highlighted the serious weakness of current service delivery models in their ability to achieve sustainable engineering solutions. Investigating the relationship between the households and the water points suggests that the communities are not acting rationally towards their water sources. The majority of households were found to have unsafe water practices regardless of the provision of their improved sources. For example, many households that had access to improved water sources were found to still use their unimproved sources (30%). Many more (53%) complemented, and mixed, their unimproved water with water from their improved wells. This attitude towards safe water suggested that there were fundamentally flawed assumptions about how communities would receive and interact with their technologies. These household decisions, and the associated technical concerns, are directly attributable to the actions of the engineers from the project implementing development agencies. The results of these misinterpretations have undermined the long term sustainability of water supplies in Sierra Leone. The research indicated that to address sustainability the engineering profession is at a crossroads in determining its future in international development. Engineers have the capacity to acknowledge that the complexities of development limit their efficacy and therefore seek support from other professions. This would narrow the scope of their interventions. They are also capable of actively seeking the opposite; to broaden the scope as well as the responsibilities, expectations and skills of the engineers. It is this decision that will define the role of the engineer in international development.

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Sucipto, Hilda [Verfasser], and Rolf [Akademischer Betreuer] Müller. "Synthetic biotechnology to engineer myxopyronin production / Hilda Sucipto. Betreuer: Rolf Müller." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1079840230/34.

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Njozela, Cuma. "The role of the sandprawn, Callichirus kraussi, as an ecosystem engineer in a temporarily open/closed Eastern Cape estuary, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001539.

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The role of the sandprawn, Callichirus (=Callianassa) kraussi (Stebbing), as an ecosystem engineer was assessed in the lower reach of the temporarily open/closed Kasouga Estuary situated along the Eastern Cape coastline of southern Africa over the period April 2010 to June 2011. The study comprised two distinct components, a field study and a caging experiment. The field study assessed the correlation between sand prawn densities and selected physico-chemical (organic content of the sediment and bioturbation) and biological (microphytobenthic algal concentrations and macrobenthic abundance and biomass) variables in 50 quadrants in the lower reach of the estuary. Densities of the sand prawn within the quadrants ranged from 0 to 156 ind m⁻² (mean = 37 ind m⁻²). There were no significant correlations between the densities of the sandprawn and the estimates of the organic content of the sediment and the abundance and biomass of the macrofauna (P > 0.05 in all cases). Numerical analyses failed to identify any effect of the sandprawn density on the macrofaunal community structure. The rate of bioturbation was, however, strongly correlated to the sand prawn density. Similarly, the microphytobenthic alga concentrations were significantly negatively correlated to the sand prawn densities ((P < 0.05). The absence of any distinct impact of the sandprawn on the macrobenthic community structure appeared to be related to their low densities in the lower reach of the estuary during the study. To better understand the role of the sandprawn as an ecosystem engineer, a caging experiment was conducted using inclusion and exclusion treatments (n= 5 for each treatment). Densities of the sandprawn in the inclusion treatments (80 ind m⁻²) were in the range of the natural densities within the estuary. The experiment was conducted over a period of 18 weeks in the lower reach of the estuary during summer. The presence of the sandprawn, C kraussi, contributed to a significant decrease in the microphytobenthic algal concentrations and the abundance and biomass of the macrofauna (P < 0.05 in all cases). The decrease in the microphytobenthic algal concentrations in the presence of the sandprawn appeared to be related to the res-suspension of the sediments (bioturbation) generated by the burrowing and feeding activities of the sandprawn. The observed decrease in macrofaunal abundances and biomass in the inclusion treatments appeared to be mediated by both the decreased food availability (mainly the microphytobenthic algae) and the burial of organisms within the sediments. Numerical analysis indicated that the sandprawn did, however, not contribute to a change in the species composition of the macrofauna. Results of the current study indicate that C.kraussi plays an important role in structuring the invertebrate community and energy flow within temporarily/open closed Kasouga Estuary.

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Huo, Liujie [Verfasser], and Rolf [Akademischer Betreuer] Müller. "Synthetic biotechnology to study and engineer natural product biosynthesis in actinomycetes / Liujie Huo. Betreuer: Rolf Müller." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2014. http://d-nb.info/105405469X/34.

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Ryaby, Patricia Anne. "Comparative analyses in neurocognitive measures in male and female artists, engineers, and writers /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487329662146418.

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Bjugstad, Line. "Study of the role of engine control in the value chain for biofuels in modern "ultra clean" engines." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for energi- og prosessteknikk, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-24832.

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The climate changes caused by the combustion of fossil fuels in the transportation sector have, along with a decrease in fossil fuel reserves, resulted in an increased interest in developing alternative fuels. Biofuels are one of the most prominent options and with an expansion in the use of these fuels, it is important to understand all aspects of the environmental effect they impose.First generation biofuels are the commercial available biofuels today. Since their feedstock origins from food and oil-seed crops there is a great skepticism around their sustainability, creating a focus on research and development of second generation and advanced biofuels. These fuels are more environmental beneficial, however expensive to produce due to a more complex structure of the feedstocks. This requires a more advanced conversion technology, and additionally research is needed to make these fuels economically competitive. Fischer Tropsch Diesel (FTD) is one of the most promising second generation biofuels, yielding great reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and fossil fuel consumption when looking at its whole life cycle. There are uncertainties around the combustion characteristics and the end use emissions of the different biofuels. This especially applies to the use of biofuels in blend with diesel, which is the most common form of utilizing biofuels today. In order to increase the use of these fuels the uncertainties need to be fully explored to ensure their sustainability. This research has traditionally been performed experimentally, but later years computational simulation has arisen as a powerful tool. It saves time and cost, and can also reveal information not possible to obtain by experiments in real engines. In order to obtain reliable results from the simulations, both high quality physical and chemical models are required. In this thesis a Stochastic Reactor Model (SRM) is used, where the volume in the cylinder is divided into a number of smaller volumes. These are known as particles and have their own chemical composition, temperature and mass. Since the SRM is a 0-dimensional model no characteristics regarding the position in space are given, but a Probability Density Function (PDF) gives a distribution of the properties of the particles and enables them to mix and exchange heat with the cylinder walls. By doing so the model takes into account in-homogeneities and turbulence. The engine type used is a direct injection compression ignition (DICI) engine where fuel is directly injected, hence good models are required for both the mixing process as well as the chemical kinetics. The chemical models used for simulations should withhold the same characteristics as the original fuels, however due to time limitations for the computational calculations less important species and reaction paths should be eliminated. This is done through a reduction process, where there always exists a trade-off between the quality of the model, and the time consumption. The chemical models applied in this thesis are substitutions and simplifications of the original fuels, namely diesel and FTD. N-heptane (nC7H16) has been used as a surrogate fuel for diesel, while the fuel composition representing FTD is 0.772 nC14H30, 0.047 C14H30-2 and 0.181 C14H28-1. The simulations have been run for the engine speeds 900rpm, 1500rpm and 2500rpm, with altered fuel injections to approximate real engine conditions. To save computational time most of the cycles have been run from -20CAD to 60CAD, with inlet gas temperature and pressure of Ti=700K and Pi=2.33E06N/m2. The combustion characteristics of the different fuels and engine settings have been compared with regard to parameters such as pressure and temperature profiles, heat release, converted fuel and the production of the criteria pollutants CO, CO2 and NOx. Only small alterations in the combustion cycle is seen for the FTD surrogate with regard to n-heptane, which is most likely an effect of the substantial simplifications applied in the models. These simplifications were also evident in the last part of the thesis, where the emission profiles from the simulations were compared to experimental values. Here some of the cases showed deviating results, however others had correlating trends and could be qualitatively validated. The injection profiles were tuned with regard to the point of injection, where advanced injections obtain higher temperature and pressure peaks. Accordingly more work is produced, however also elevated levels of NOx. The effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) has been tested, where the NOx emissions are expected to diminish due to reduced concentration of oxygen. Here huge NOx reductions are observed, but also a trade-off with regard to elevated levels of CO and reduced levels of CO2. This reflects the main problem to be resolved when applying EGR, namely to what extent EGR should be applied before the negative effects related to a more incomplete combustion surpasses the NOx savings.

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Strohmayer, Henrik, and Ellen Ljusterdal. "Occupational health and safety engineers' support of clients' OHS management systems." Thesis, KTH, Ergonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-235395.

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Background: Swedish law demands a systematic work environment management system (SWEM) and establishes the employer as responsible for this. In 2016, 44 % of Swedish Work Environment Authorities’ submissions regarded lack of SWEM. The law defines occupational health and safety services (OHSS) as an objective part with expert knowledge within the fields of work environment and rehabilitation. Aim of the study: The purpose of this study is to investigate how OHS engineers employed in OHSSs assist customer enterprises in the work of developing and maintaining OHS management systems. The study further aims to identify resources, factors of success, necessary skills and other factors that facilitate this work. Method: Six semi-structured interviews were conducted with OHS engineers employed in one of the top five largest OHSS companies in Sweden. Result and analyses: Respondents were found to apply similar methods in supporting clients’ OHSM although working in different regional branches and no nationwide training program exists. In working with OHSM support the OHS engineers mainly used self-produced, flexible tools along with external checklists and templates. Dialogue, an active involvement of the client in developing the OHSMS, internal motivation of the company and experience and competence of the OHS engineer was described as the most essential factors of success. Conclusions: Our study shows that the OHS engineers interviewed to a large extent work with OHSM support in a way that is consistent with what is found in other studies to be a successful way of collaborating with client companies. Areas of improvement for the OHSS company include deepening relations with clients, contracts better supporting collaboration and procedures for spotting client’s OHSM shortcomings earlier.There is a challenge to find a balance between giving OHS engineers freedom in choosing how they work, providing clients flexible solutions and assuring that certain standards of service are met.We identify the need of a mentorship program for OHS engineers within the OHSS company that would include tutoring both in OHS interventions and the consultant role.Finally, OHS engineers may need to develop their skills in OHS related business economy and how to integrate OHS interventions with the business strategies of the client companies.
Bakgrund: Svensk lagstiftning kräver att arbetsgivare arbetar med systematiskt arbetsmiljöarbete (SAM). Under 2016 ledde 44 % av Arbetsmiljöverkets inspektioner till anmärkningar på grund av brister i SAM. Lagen definierar företagshälsovård (FHV) som en objektiv part med expertkunskap inom arbetsmiljö och rehabilitering. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur arbetsmiljöingenjörer inom FHV hjälper kundföretag med arbetet att utveckla och underhålla ledningssystem för arbetsmiljö. Studien syftar också till att identifiera resurser, framgångsfaktorer, nödvändig kompetens samt andra faktorer som främjar arbetet med SAM. Metod: Sex semi-strukturerade intervjuer utfördes med arbetsmiljöingenjörer anställda i ett av Sveriges fem största företag inom företagshälsovård. Resultat och analys: Respondenterna använde liknande arbetssätt i arbetet med att stötta kunders SAM. Detta trots att de arbetade i olika regioner inom företaget samt avsaknad av nationella riktlinjer. I arbetet med SAM använde arbetsmiljöingenjörerna framförallt egenproducerade, flexibla verktyg samt externa checklistor och mallar. Dialog, aktiv deltagande av kund under utveckling av SAM, intern motivation hos kundföretaget samt erfarenhet och kompetens hos arbetsmiljöingenjören beskrevs som de viktigaste framgångsfaktorerna. Slutsatser: Studien visar att de intervjuade arbetsmiljöingenjörernas arbete med SAM i stor utsträckning överensstämmer med vad andra studier funnit vara ett framgångsrikt samarbete med kundföretag. Förbättringsområden för FHV-företaget inkluderar fördjupande av kundrelationer, kontrakt som bättre stödjer sådant samarbete och rutiner för att upptäcka brister i SAM tidigare.En utmaning är att hitta en lämplig balans mellan arbetsmiljöingenjörens behov av fritt arbetssätt, erbjuda kunden flexibla lösningar och samtidigt säkerställa en likartad service inom företaget.Behov av ett mentorprogram, som inkluderar handledning inom både arbetsmiljöarbete och konsultrollen, för arbetsmiljöingenjörer inom FHV-företaget identifierades.Slutligen kan arbetsmiljöingenjörer behöva utveckla kompetens inom arbetsmiljöekonomi samt hur arbetsmiljöarbetet kan integreras med affärsstrategier inom kundföretagen.

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Gerth, Robert. "The Role of Production Topology in Information Based Structuring of Organizations : The design of craft-based and industrialized construction firms." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Produktionssystem, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-133918.

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Industrialization of construction is a business strategy to significantly improve competitiveness. However, the organization structure of the construction firms needs to support the new production system. The knowledge on why and how this business development can be accomplished is scarce, both within academia and in business practice. This research seeks to fill this knowledge gap. The purpose of organization structure and the production system have is to coordinate the firm’s processes and control the work performing resources. Information is one of the most fundamental dimensions for steering and controlling the work. The different information types are determined by the firm’s product customization strategy and the production system flexibility. Further, diverse information types are managed in different extent by the organizational steering mechanisms. Consequently, firms with dissimilar customization strategy or production flexibility should organizationally be designed differently in order to be efficient. The developed model identifies four generic production topologies: “engineer-to-order” (ETO), “manufacture-to-order” (MTO), “assembly-to-order” (ATO), and “make-standard-products” (MSP). The differences between the topologies can be related to the location of the “customer-order-decoupling-point” (CODP) in the product realization process; and to what extent the upstream and downstream processes continuously use stored information or process information to accomplish the work of each product order. The model predicts which organization structure mechanisms that should be used for which processes for each production topology. It is the specific configuration of the mechanisms that gives each production topology their organizational capability. The model has been validated by case studies in four organizations, each representing one of the four generic production topologies. Three cases considered housing and one studied truck manufacturing. It has been shown that the conventional housing firms have an ETO-production topology, while industrialized housing firms belonging to one of the others, i.e. MTO, ATO or MSP. The reason is that ETO-firms rely on crafts-based production to manage the work, while the other topologies base their steering mechanisms on industrial principles. These two types of production are fundamentally different, which also explain the need for different organization structures. The research complements previous knowledge and significantly increases the ability to predict, analyze and explain an organization’s design and behavior. The model can be used in practice to guide business development work and performance improvement programs.

Research funder: SBUF (The development fund of the Swedish construction industry). QC 20131113

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Todd, Bryan Donald. "Comparison of the Role of Beamwidth in Biological and Engineered Sonar." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79902.

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Sonar is an important sensory modality for engineers as well as in nature. In engineering, sonar is the dominating modality for underwater sensing. In biology, it is likely to have been a central factor behind the unprecedented evolutionary success of bats, a highly diverse group that accounts for over 20% of all mammal species. However, it remains unclear to what extent engineered and biosonar follow similar design and operational principles. In the current work, the key sonar design characteristic of beamwidth is examined in technical and biosonar. To this end, beamwidth data has been obtained for 23 engineered sonar systems and from numerical beampattern predictions for 151 emission and reception elements (noseleaves and pinnae) from bat biosonar. Beamwidth data from these sources is compared to the beamwidth of a planar ellipsoidal transducer as a reference. The results show that engineered and biological both obey the basic physical limit on beamwidth as a function of the ratio of aperture size and wavelength. However, beyond that, the beamwidth data revealed very different behaviors between the engineered and the biological sonar systems. Whereas the beamwidths of the technical sonar systems were very close to the planar transducer limit, the biological samples showed a very wide scatter away from this limit. This scatter was as large – if not wider – than what was seen in a small reference data set obtained with random aluminum cones. A possible interpretation of these differences in the variability could be that whereas sonar engineers try to minimize beamwidth subject to constraints on device size, the evolutionary optimization of bat biosonar beampatterns has been directed at other factors that have left beamwidth as a byproduct. Alternatively, the biosonar systems may require beamwidth values that are larger than the physical limit and differ between species and their sensory ecological niches.
Master of Science

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Choosai, Chutinan. "Biological activity in paddy fields : the role of soil engineers in ecosystem functioning." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066156.

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Les ingénieurs du sol modifient les propriétés physicochimiques des sols à travares la création de structures biogéniques. Ce travail vise à déterminer le rôle respectif de deux types de structures : les buttes termitiques et les turricules de vers de terre. Les buttestermitiques agissent comme des sites de hute activité boilogique. Ils constituent des refuages pour la macrofaune. Ces buttes sont enrichies en C,K,P et argiles par rapport aux sols environnants. Les vers de terre en accumulant leurs turricules au pied du riz favorise l'hétérogénèïté spatiale. Ces structures biogéniques constituent des taches de fertilité dans les rizières avec plus de particules fines et d'éléments minéraux. En conclusion cette étude montre que les structures biogéniques produites par les termites et les vers de terre jouent des rôles clés dans la régulation de certains processus écologiques

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davoudzadeh, mahboub sedigh Nima. "optical engineer." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/894.

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In this research an approach to all optical delta sigma modulator (ADSM) has been elaborated. Two important components of ADSM; "leaky integrator" and "inverted bi-stable quantizer" were modeled, on the basis of cross gain modulation of the Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA). The simulations (via VPI photonics) were all in micrometer scale (suitable for chip fabrication). By simulating each element of ADSM the whole circuit was simulated and results have been showed and analyzed. By investigating the ADSM, the limiting factor for reaching higher frequencies (THz) was recognized to be the quantization device. Thus a new optical switch was introduced, for the first time so called "proteresis." By applying proteretic bi-stable device in the delta sigma modulator, the resonance frequency was improved minimum two fold from 295MHz to 575MHz without making any change in hysteretic bi-stable switch. The broad impact of this research is on the digital technologies that can be utilized in high-speed signal processing. The prime examples are the RF technologies used in military and civilian applications. Furthermore introduction of proteresis opens a new research gate for compensating delay in almost every system.

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Shettigar, Vikram. "THE ROLE OF ENGINEERED CARDIAC TROPONIN C L48Q IN HEALTH AND DISEASE." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461158879.

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Ingram, Clayton Bryant. "The Supervising Discipline Engineer's (SDE) role in the Front End Planning Process." Thesis, [Tuscaloosa, Ala. : University of Alabama Libraries], 2009. http://purl.lib.ua.edu/87.

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19

Ghosh, Amardip. "The role of density gradient in liquid rocket engine combustion instability." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8903.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Aerospace Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Ciucci, Giulio. "Engineered heart tissues to investigate the role of mechanical loading and injury in cardiomyocyte proliferation." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/312213.

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Myocardial infarction is one of the most severe acute pathologies of the cardiovascular system. The adult mammalian heart is indeed unable to regenerate most of the lost cardiomyocytes (CMs) after cardiac injury. The loss of cardiomyocytes and the myocardial scarring after myocardial infarction eventually compromise contractility of the remaining myocardium, leading to heart failure. Therefore, promoting heart regeneration is one of the most crucial therapeutic targets in cardiovascular medicine. The lack of regenerative response is due to the loss of proliferative capacity of adult CMs which in mice occurs seven days after birth. One of the events which occur at birth in neonatal hearts is a sudden increase in mechanical loading that may contribute to switching mammal CMs phenotype from neonatal proliferative to adult postmitotic. Therefore, understanding the role of mechanotransduction in regulating the balance between CM proliferation and maturation may bring us to the identification of unknown mediators and new potential strategies to induce cardiac regeneration. Regulation of mechanical load in bi-dimensional cultures of CMs can be achieved in different ways, however, the poor degree of CM maturation that can be reached in a culture dish together with the lack of a tridimensional structure represent a major limitation to performing mechanotransduction studies. In our work we developed a novel system to study mechanotransduction of CMs based on 3D culture of cardiac cells, called engineered heart tissues (EHTs), that allow us to reduce or increase mechanical loading easily. We show that the three-dimensional setting of the culture leads to an improvement of CM maturation that may be reversed by mechanical unloading inducing cell proliferation. On the other hand, a persisting overload stimulus eventually induces CM switch to a more mature phenotype with a low degree of proliferation. Also, we have focused our work on developing an EHT-based model able to recapitulate the adult infarct injury in order to investigate the biology of cardiac regeneration in this setting. Specifically, we set up a cryoinjury protocol that is relatively easy and reproducible. Cryoinjury produces a localized injury without compromising EHT’s structural integrity. Indeed, all the EHTs subjected to cryoinjury preserved their contractile activity and did not show any significant change in shape. Considering that EHTs are unpurified cardiac culture rich in fibroblast and endothelial cells, we observed that cryoinjury induce fibroblast proliferation and activation together with a lack of proliferative response of the cardiomyocytes which is, on the other hand, present in the early phase of EHT’s development, similarly to what has been shown in mice and rats after myocardial infarction, highlighting the robustness of our cryoinjury approach as a model to investigate cardiac regeneration.

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Zhou, Fangyu. "Design and Evaluation of a COVID-19 Literature Search Engine that Supports Collaborative Information Seeking." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1623165362041331.

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22

DeVanna, Kristen M. "Role of Dreissena as ecosystem engineers : effects to native bioturbators and benthic community structure and function /." Connect to Online Resource-OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1165420236.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Toledo, 2006.
Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for The Master of Science Degree in Biology (Ecology-track)." Bibliography: leaves 26-34.

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23

Rebentrost, Frank. "Exciton Transfer in Photosynthesis and Engineered Systems: Role of Electronic Coherence and the Environment." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10474.

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Recent experiments show evidence for long-lived electronic coherence in several photosynthetic complexes, for example in the Fenna-Matthews-Olson complex of green sulfur bacteria. The experiments raise questions about the microscopic reasons for this quantum coherence and its role to the functioning of these highly evolved biological systems. The present thesis addresses both questions. We find that an interplay of electronic coherence and the fluctuating phonon environment is responsible for the high exciton transport efficiency in these complexes and generalize this idea to the concept of environment-assisted quantum transport (ENAQT). In addition, we quantify the contribution of coherent dynamics to the efficiency and thus to the biological functioning. We determine the effect of temporal (non-Markovian) and spatial correlations and develop an ab initio propagation method based on atomistic detail which predicts the long-lived coherence. The research in photosynthetic energy transfer can inspire new designs for the control of excitons in engineered systems. We develop a method for computing the Forster coupling between semiconductor nanoparticle quantum dots. The focus is on the size and shape dependence and the presence of a spatially varying dielectric environment and metallic gates. A separation of the wavefunction into slowly and fast varying part provides the basis for an efficient computation on a real-space grid. Finally, the simulation of structured models of photosynthetic energy transfer is a challenging task using conventional computing resources. To this end, we propose a special-purpose superconducting device based on flux quantum bits and quantum LC resonators and show that parameters can be engineered such that this simulation becomes possible.
Chemistry and Chemical Biology

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Richoux, Nicolas. "Recherches sur la poliorcétique sous le Haut Empire, d’Auguste à Sévère Alexandre (31 avant J.-C. - 235 après J.-C.)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040056.

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La poliorcétique romaine connut apogée et suprématie sous le Haut Empire, dans un monde antique urbanisé où les guerres ne cessèrent jamais. Elle est bien davantage que le simple art de faire le siège d’une ville ou d’une place forte. Elle comprend tous les modes d’action, violents ou non. La guerre de siège et la défense en font également partie. Pragmatique, le général romain cherchait la conquête au moindre coût et n’utilisait la violence qu’en dernier lieu. L’assaut dans la foulée, très pratiqué, était d’une efficacité redoutable. Il évitait les désagréments d’un siège incertain, techniquement complexe, demandant une logistique considérable, dévoreur d’hommes, de temps et d’argent. Pour toutes ces raisons, le siège en règle était finalement assez peu fréquent. Une fois entrepris, il pouvait requérir, mais sans doute moins souvent qu’on ne le pense, des travaux lourds et complexes, exigeant de l’armée une division du travail poussée. Au combat, la complémentarité et l’efficacité du couple légion/auxiliaires n’a pas été assez soulignée, de même que l’importance du combat interarmes, incluant l’utilisation systématique des appuis, artillerie, archers et parfois frondeurs. L’assaut final semble avoir été assez rare et les dénouements alternatifs fréquents. Le traitement des vaincus dépendait de leur opiniâtreté. Sans pitié pour ceux qui leur résistaient, les Romains étaient assez pragmatiques pour les autres, en fonction des buts recherchés. Enfin, la prise d’une ville, était génératrice de richesses. Elle renforçait la légitimité impériale et le butin, matériel et humain, était un complément non négligeable pour le chef et le soldat
Roman siege warfare achieved its upmost efficiency and supremacy under the Early Empire in an antique world in which wars were permanent. Siege warfare is far more than the simple art of besieging cities or fortresses. It includes violent and non-violent courses of action. Siege wars and defense are part of it. Pragmatic, the roman general was eager to capture cities at low cost and use of violence came last. Storming assault was frequently employed and very effective. It avoided dangers of an uncertain siege, characterized by technical complexity, an important logistics, potentially high losses, time consuming and requiring huge financial resources. For all those reasons, methodical siege was not a very usual course of action. It sometimes meant, less frequently than expected, heavy siege works, requiring a demanding division of labor. During the battle, the complementarity and efficiency offered by the couple legion/auxiliaries hasn’t been stressed enough. Such is the importance of combined warfare, which systematically included the use of fire support, artillery, archeries and sometimes slingers. Regarding the capture, final assaults appear to have been rare. Alternative conclusions were most of the time the rule. Pitiless with resistant forces, Romans were rather pragmatic with others, depending on the final desired end state on the ground. When overrun, the city was generally a wealth provider. It concurred to strengthen the imperial legitimacy and, bounty, material and humans as well, was an important financial contribution for the general and the soldier

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Merling, Lori Francesca. "Exploring the ‘Little Engine’ Effect: The Role of Self-Efficacy in Approaching Contamination." Thesis, NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cps_stuetd/116.

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Self-Efficacy (SE) has been explored extensively within the field of psychology. Despite a rich literature demonstrating its positive effect on various behavioral outcomes, including psychological treatment outcomes, little is known about the impact of SE on outcomes related to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). To fill this critical gap in the literature, the aim of the present study was to determine whether increasing SE may improve engagement in exposure-based interventions for contamination fears. Nonclinical participants (N = 120) were randomly assigned to complete a contamination-related behavioral approach task (CR-BAT) immediately following either a SE-boosting exercise or a non-SE related control. Results demonstrated that there were no differences between conditions in contamination-related SE or approach behavior during the CRBAT, indicating that the manipulation was ineffective in boosting SE. Interestingly, however, participants in the SE-boosting condition reported lower levels of anxiety during certain phases of the CR-BAT than did those in the control condition, suggesting that the manipulation was effective in reducing subjective distress. Furthermore, SE was positively correlated with approach behavior during the CR-BAT, thus corroborating past research linking SE to behavioral outcomes. Future research, using more effective methods to manipulate SE, is required to examine the causality of this relationship.

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Lan, Song. "The role of thermoelectric generator in the efficient operation of vehicles." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2018. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/36309.

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In the face of the internationally tightened requirements and regulations for CO2 emissions from the transportation sector, waste heat recovery using a thermoelectric generator (TEG) has become the most significant research interest. A vehicular TEG, converting otherwise wasted thermal energy from engines to electricity directly for use in the vehicle systems, is a promising approach for vehicle original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) to reduce fuel consumption and lower CO2 emissions. This thesis aims to explore the main challenges to be faced in the commercialization of TEGs. Based on a review of the literature, four research gaps have been identified, which are respectively: * Translating the material improvements into TEG Performance, * Transient behaviors of vehicular TEGs under driving cycles, * Fuel saving percentage and cost-benefit estimation of TEG, * Bidirectional characteristic of TEM and bifunctional vehicular TEG. To directly address these research gaps, a quasi-static TEM model, a dynamic TEG model, a semi-empirical vehicular TEG model, and a dual-model TEM model have been respectively developed and validated through experiments on both TEM test rigs and TEG engine test benches. These developed models are used as tools to investigate the performance of TEG, parameters sensitivity, and integration effects. Model-based TEG control, TEG cost benefit ratio and feasibility of a bifunctional TEG are also explored based on the developed models. The simulation results show that TEG power generation is highly sensitive to the heat transfer coefficient of hot side heat exchanger and thermal contact resistance. The TEG installation position is identified as the most important integration effect. It has been found by the simulation result that the fuel saving with TEG installed upstream of the three-way catalyst (TWC) is 50% higher than the fuel saving with TEG installed downstream of the TWC. The fuel saving percentage for a skutterudite vehicular TEG, which can generate around 400-600W in constant speed 120km/h, is 0.5-3.6% depending on the integration position in the exhaust line. A 3-minute faster warm-up effect of engine oil can be obtained when the bifunctional TEG works in engine warm-up mode with electrical current applied.

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Simmler, Urs. "Simulationslösungen in Pro/ENGINEER." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200900758.

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Im Vortrag werden alle derzeit bestehenden Simulations-Werkzeuge im Überblick vorgestellt und deren Anwendung an einzelnen Beispielen verdeutlicht. Desweiteren beinhaltet der Beitrag die Vorstellung der wesentlichen Neuerungen der Pro/ENGINEER Version Wildfire 5 auf dem Gebiet Simulation. Dabei wird auf die Dynamische Analyse und die Erweiterungen in Mechanica besonders eingegangen.

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Lindmark, Susanne. "The role of absorption cooling for reaching sustainable energy systems." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-319.

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29

Puckering, Oliver James. "Blood clot microstructures : the role of engineered and combustion derived carbon particulates in thrombus formation." Thesis, Swansea University, 2009. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42700.

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This thesis deals with assessment of effects on thrombus structure brought about by the addition of carbon nanoparticles to blood in vitro. Chapter 1 outlines the development of the rheological discipline and discusses viscoelastic systems. Whole blood is a transient viscoelastic system. Methods of locating the point of this change, the gel point, are discussed and briefly evaluated. In Chapter 2 the development of fractal analysis is investigated and the method by which a phase angle measured at the gel point can be converted into a fractal dimension is outlined. Carbon nanoparticles are discussed in Chapter 3 along with their methods of generation and an outline of the research into any associated health effects which has been carried out. The means by which the nanoparticles, both individually and in suspension, can be assessed are outlined in Chapter 4. Tests which were carried out to determine the best solvent for this work are outlined and the results discussed. Chapter 5 concerns blood and the cardiovascular system. The means by which thrombus generation and removal occur are discussed together with the TEG and Sonoclot clinical systems used to analyse haemostasis. Chapter 6 states the hypotheses to be investigated in this work. In Chapter 7 the materials and methods for the production of suspensions, their inclusion into extracted whole blood and the measurements taken on the resulting blood sample are outlined. Chapters 8-12 present the results from each of the nanoparticles investigated. Chapter 13 presents the conclusions drawn from the comparison of the results and discussions in Chapters 8-12. The most important of these conclusions is the order of effect of the nanoparticles on the blood: MCOOH > SCOOH > LPMN > LPSN > DIESEL.

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30

Pruet, Jason. "Central engine weak physics and the role of neutrons in gamma ray burst fireballs /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC addresses, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3022213.

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31

Maria, Amir Gamal. "The role of fuel in determining the high load limit of controlled auto-ignition engines." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46642.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2009.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-79).
Controlled Auto-Ignition (CAI) engines have the potential to increase fuel economy while lowering nitrogen oxide and soot emissions. One hurdle that is currently being faced is the engine's inability to operate at high loads due to a large Maximum Pressure Rise Rate (MPRR). To address this issue, this research has been focused on analytically determining the optimum fuel that can be used in a CAI engine to reduce the MPRR and extend the high load limit. The strategy is to use the fuel ignition characteristics to maximize the impact of stratification on reducing the MPRR with sequential ignitions. To quantify the impact of the selected fuel on the high load limit, the fuel's ignition delay curve under constant volume conditions, as a function of the initial concentration and temperature was used. A parametric model of the fuel chemistry was created so that different functional dependences of the ignition delay curve could be produced through adjustment of the model parameters. Then, the ignition delay curve was parameterized, and various artificial fuels were created. The artificial fuels were then tested in an engine simulation under different operating conditions and temperature distributions. The results from the engine simulations provide insight into the characteristics of the optimum fuel ignition delay time versus temperature relationship. As expected, the conclusions depend on the initial boundary conditions applied; particularly the initial cylinder temperature distribution. With a constant temperature applied to the entire charge, the MPRR is reduced when ignition occurs in the Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) region. When ignition occurs in the NTC region, the radical concentration in the later stages of the combustion process is reduced, which reduces the MPRR. When an initial quadratic temperature distribution is applied, different regions of the combustion chamber can ignite at different periods, hence reducing the MPRR. However, ignition in the NTC region negates this positive effect, and should therefore be avoided. The functional dependency of the ignition delay time versus initial temperature for the optimum fuel must therefore be created based on the expected initial charge temperature distribution.
by Amir Gamal Maria.
S.M.

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Vosloo, Robert Nicolaas. "The role of civil engineering professionals within the housing environment in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20146.

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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The development of mass housing is an excellent example of multi-disciplinary projects. Several housing projects have been unsuccessful due to a misunderstanding of the necessary collaboration and buy-in that are required from all parties concerned. The focus of this study is to identify the required skill sets and responsibilities of the Housing Project Manager in the Housing environment, and in turn, will support the development of the foundation of the civil engineering postgraduate curricula. Civil engineers are educated with a strong focus on technical subjects, but not much attention is paid to many of the less technical aspects as found in housing projects. Furthermore, the multi-disciplinary aspects of large projects do not receive sufficient attention in either the undergraduate or postgraduate curricula. Considering that many civil engineers become actively involved as managers of housing projects, this paper will present an investigation into the requirements of the curricula of a postgraduate qualification for civil engineers towards becoming managers in housing projects. The investigation will include aspects of multi-disciplinary coordination, the less technical aspects of housing development, but will not exclude a comprehension of technical involvement. In order to identify these skill sets and responsibilities several approaches were adopted. The approaches adopted in this dissertation include: (i) a comprehensive literature study regarding the housing environment and the position of the housing project manager, (ii) a review of several housing case studies with project management related problems, (iii) consulting with several housing management professionals from different sectors in the housing industry, and (iv) a review of existing formulations of the role and responsibilities of the housing project manager. The findings from this study provide evidence that civil engineers operating in the housing environment as project managers require additional education, due to the multi-disciplinary nature of housing projects. The main conclusion drawn from this study is that educating civil engineers towards the management of housing projects would contribute significantly to the housing environment through increasing productivity and quality, and can contribute to meet the housing targets of the government.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die ontwikkeling van massa behuising is 'n uitstekende voorbeeld van multidissiplinêre projekte. Verskeie behuisingsprojekte was al onsuksesvol as gevolg van 'n misverstand oor die nodige samewerking en bydraes wat vereis word van alle betrokke partye. Die fokus van hierdie studie is om die vaardighede en verantwoordelikhede van die behuisingsprojekbestuurder in die behuisingsomgewing te identifiseer. Hierdie kennis ondersteun die ontwikkeling van ŉ raamwerk vir ŉ nagraadse kurrikulum in behuisingsbestuur. Siviele ingenieurs is opgelei met 'n sterk fokus op tegniese vaardighede, maar relatief min aandag word geskenk aan minder tegniese aspekte soos gevind word in behuisingsprojekte. Verder, multidissiplinêre bestuursaspekte van groot projekte ontvang nie voldoende aandag in óf die voorgraadse óf nagraadse kurrikula nie. Wetende dat baie siviele ingenieurs aktief betrokke raak as bestuurders van behuisingsprojekte, ondersoek hierdie studie ŉ raamwerk vir ŉ nagraadse kwalifikasie vir siviele ingenieurs as bestuurders van behuisingsprojekte. Die ondersoek sluit in aspekte van die multidissiplinêre koördinasie asook minder tegniese aspekte van behuisingsontwikkeling, maar dit sluit nie 'n begrip van die tegniese betrokkenheid uit nie. Verskeie benaderings is toegepas om die vaardighede en verantwoordelikhede van behuisingsbestuurders te identifiseer. Die benaderings sluit in: (i) 'n omvattende literatuurstudie ten opsigte van behuising en die posisie van die behuisings-projekbestuurder, (ii) 'n oorsig van verskeie behuisings- gevallestudies met projekbestuur verwante probleme, (iii) raadpleging met verskeie professionele rolspelers van verskillende sektore in die behuisingbestuur omgewing, en (iv) 'n hersiening van bestaande beskrywings van die rol en verantwoordelikhede van die behuisings-projekbestuurder. Die bevindinge van hierdie studie verskaf bewyse dat siviele ingenieurs wat in die behuisingsbedryf as projekbestuurders optree, bykomende opleiding benodig as gevolg van die multidissiplinêre aard van projekte. Die belangrikste gevolgtrekking van hierdie studie is dat die opleiding van siviele ingenieurs in die bestuur van behuisingsprojekte ŉ aansienlike bydrae kan lewer tot behuising deur produktiwiteit en kwaliteit te verhoog. Dit kan bydra tot die bereiking van die regering se behuisingsdoelwitte.

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Smiley, Garrett. "Investigating the Role of Multibiometric Authentication on Professional Certification E-examination." NSUWorks, 2013. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/307.

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E-learning has grown to such an extent that paper-based testing is being replaced by computer-based testing otherwise known as e-exams. Because these e-exams can be delivered outside of the traditional proctored environment, additional authentication measures must be employed in order to offer similar authentication assurance as found in proctored, paper-based testing. This dissertation addressed the need for valid authentication in e-learning systems, in e-examinations in particular, and especially in professional certification e-examinations. Furthermore, this dissertation proposed a more robust method for learner authentication during e-examination taking. Finally, this dissertation extended e-learning research by comparing e-examination scores and durations of three separate groups of exam takers using different authentication methods: Online Using Username/Password (OLUP), In-Testing Center (ITC), and Online with Multibiometrics (OLMB) to better understand the role as well as the possible effect of continuous and dynamic multibiometric authentication on professional certification e-examination scores and durations. The sample used in this study was based on participants who were all professional members of a technology professional certification organization. The methodology used to collect data was a posttest only, multiple, non-equivalent groups quasi-experiment, where age, gender, and Information Technology Proficiency (ITP) were also recorded. The analyses performed in this study included pre-analysis data screening, reliability analyses for each instrument used, and the main analysis to address each hypothesis. Group affiliation, i.e. type of authentication methods, was found to have no significant effect on differences among exam scores and durations. While there was a clear path of increased mean e-examination score as authentication method was relaxed, it was evident from the analysis that these were not significant differences. Age was found to have a significant effect on exam scores where younger participants were found to have higher exam scores and lower exam durations than older participants. Gender was not found to have a significant effect on exam scores nor durations. ITP was found to have a significant effect on exam scores and durations where greater scores with the ITP instrument indicated greater exam scores and lower exam durations. This study's results can help organizations better understand the role, possible effect, and potential application of continuous and dynamic multibiometric authentication as a justifiable approach when compared with the more common authentication approach of User Identifier (UID) and password, both in professional certification e-examinations as well as in an online environment.

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Whittington-Jones, Gareth Morgan. "The role of aardvarks (Orycteropus afer) as ecosystem engineers in arid and semi-arid landscapes of South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005445.

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Arid and semi arid environments are characterised by extreme fluctuations in temperature and low rainfall which present significant challenges to the animals inhabiting these areas. Mammals, such as aardvarks (Orycteropus afer, Pallas 1766), excavate burrows in order to avoid predators and climatic extremes and are termed “ecosystem engineers” as they physically modify their environment and in doing so create new habitats and alter the availability of resources to other species. In this study I assessed the microhabitat conditions (maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity and seed abundance) of aardvark burrows in relation to paired control sites. In addition, I evaluated the use of aardvark burrows by other vertebrate and invertebrate species and investigated the impact of aardvark burrow mounds on landscape scale floristic diversity. Maximum temperatures were significantly lower (p < 0.05) and minimum temperatures and midday humidity were significantly higher (p < 0.05) inside the burrows at the three study sites, Kwandwe Private Game Reserve (Kwandwe), Mountain Zebra National Park (MZNP) and Tswalu Kalahari Reserve (Tswalu). There were no significant differences between the concentration of seeds, the average numbers of unique individual small mammals, trap success or small mammal species richness recorded inside the burrows compared to outside (p > 0.05). At all three sites, small mammal species diversity was higher in the burrows but this result was also not significant (p > 0.05 for all). Trap success and the number of individuals captured was higher at Tswalu than the other two sites (p < 0.05 for both). The different methods used in this study revealed a total of 25 mammal, seven bird, one amphibian and six reptile species utilising aardvark burrows. There were significant differences in insect community assemblages between the burrows and open control areas at Kwandwe and Tswalu (p < 0.05 for both) but not at MZNP (p > 0.05). The parasitic guild was more prominent inside the burrows than outside but their abundance was not as high as anticipated, possibly due to the placement of traps closer to the burrow entrances than the sleeping chambers. The complex structure of the burrows prevented the placement of traps in close proximity to the sleeping chambers. As expected, the amount of bare earth was significantly higher on active and recently abandoned burrow mounds compared to the old burrow mounds and reference plots at all three sites (p < 0.05 for all), with the exception of the active burrows at Tswalu. Overall, the different plot types were characterised by significantly different plant communities during all the seasons at MZNP, during three of the seasons at Kwandwe and only during winter at Tswalu. The total species richness recorded on the reference plots was higher than on the burrow mounds at all three sites. However, species diversity on the reference plots was not significantly higher than the burrows at any of the sites (p > 0.05 for all sites). Although the results were not significant, the overall species diversity at a site level was greater than the reference patches at Kwandwe and Tswalu (p > 0.05 for both). Aardvarks fulfil the criteria of a significant ecosystem engineer and their presence in arid and semi-arid environments is likely to be critical to the survival of other individual organisms and species, particularly when alternative burrowing animals are either absent or restricted in their activities. Thus, aardvark populations should be considered a conservation priority in arid and semi-arid ecosystems.

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Verma, Puneet. "Role of oxygenated fuels on morphology and nanostructure of soot particles of a diesel engine." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/135429/1/Puneet_Verma_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis investigated how the chemical composition of the fuel we use in diesel engines (i.e. biodiesels), influence the structure and agglomeration of diesel soot particles. These are properties that are important for the performance of diesel particle filters and diesel oxidation catalyst, which are after-treatment devices installed in all modern diesel cars.

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Drewette, Katy J. "An engineered inter-domain disulfide bridge in flavocytochrome b2 : insights into the role of domain mobility." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13723.

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Flavocytochrome b₂ from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a L-lactate:cytochrome c oxidoreductase. The crystal structure of this homotetrameric enzyme has been solved to 2.4 Å. Each subunit consists of two distinct domains; a small (100 residue) N-terminal cytochrome domain containing a b-type heme, and a larger (411 residue) C-terminal domain containing flavin mononucleotide (FMN). The two domains are connected by a hinge sequence, running from residues 89 to 103. It has been proposed that the most likely role of this hinge region is to confer inter-domain mobility, allowing movement of the cytochrome domain with respect to the flavin domain. In this work a disulphide-bridge was engineered in a position, such that the two domains would be fixed in close proximity. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to make the double mutation, N42C:K324C. The crystal structure of the N42C:K324C mutant enzyme was solved to 2.8 Å resolution. An inspection of this structure has confirmed the existence of the imposed disulfide-bridge. In addition, the four b₂-heme domains of the tetramer are ordered, indicating their limiting mobility. Steady-state kinetic analyses with L-lactate, using ferricyanide [Fe(CN)₆]^3- and cytochrome c as electron acceptors were carried out. The formation of the disulfide-bridge causes a 15-fold decrease in k_cat with both electron acceptors. Since [Fe(CN)₆]^3- can accept electrons from both the FMN and b₂-heme while cytochrome c can only accept electrons from the b₂-heme this indicates that it is the rate of FMN reduction by L-lactate that is primarily affected by disulphide-bridge formation. Pre-steady-state kinetic analyses with L-lactate are consistent with the steady-state data. The formation of the disulphide-bridge makes it impossible to measure the rate constant for FMN reduction directly while b₂-heme reduction shows a rate constant some 450-fold less than in the open. If flavin to b₂-heme electron transfer is much faster then b₂-heme reduction will be limited by the rate of formation of reduced flavin. Thus, disulfide- bridge formation substantially lowers the rate of FMN reduction.

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37

Nakanishi, Michio. "Role of natriuretic peptide receptor guanylyl cyclase-A in myocardial infarction evaluated using genetically engineered mice." Kyoto University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/143854.

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Mehta, Farhad Dinshaw. "Proofs for the working engineer." Zürich : ETH, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17671.

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COSTA, LETICIA VILLELA LIMA DA. "RUY CINATTI: THE FLOWER ENGINEER." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5984@1.

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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Este trabalho trata de alguns aspectos da obra de Ruy Cinatti, poeta que dentro do vasto panorama da poesia portuguesa do século XX destaca- se pela sua singularidade. Sua poesia, bem como seus estudos científicos, evidenciam a preocupação e o conhecimento do autor com relação às questões ecológicas e antropológicas, que se refletem nas suas posições políticas. Seus escritos figuram como instrumentos de denúncia contra a má utilização dos recursos naturais e da exploração do ser humano, relacionadas com a colonização portuguesa, bem como as inúmeras intervenções que Timor sofreu ao longo de sua história. Com sua formação científica interdisciplinar (silvicultor, antropólogo e engenheiro agrônomo) Ruy Cinatti tinha uma grande capacidade de enxergar a relação do homem com o meio em que vive de forma ampla e abrangente. Estas idéias refletem-se a todo momento nos poemas que dedicou a Timor. Em constantes viagens para reconhecimento do território, Cinatti intensificou sua relação com os timorenses. Isso só foi possível graças ao fato de ele ter transcendido o papel de português colonizador e ter conseguido aproximar-se do timorense de uma forma particular, a ponto de ser aceito pelos nativos como um irmão, o que se comprova pelo pacto de sangue que celebrou com dois chefes timorenses. A visão interdisciplinar e sensível do mundo torna sua obra poética e científica especial e singular, fazendo de Ruy Cinatti personagem fundamental na literatura portuguesa.
This thesis concerns some aspects of the work of Ruy Cinnati, a poet whose singularity makes him an outstanding figure in the rich panorama of twentieth-century Portuguese poetry. His poems, as well as his scientific studies, testify to the author s interest and knowledge of environmental and anthropological issues, which are reflected in his political positions. His writings are expos s of the misuse of natural resources and the exploitation of human beings under Portuguese colonization, as well as of the countless interventions suffered by East Timor throughout its history. Thanks to his interdisciplinary scientific training (as a forest expert, an anthropologist and an agronomist) Ruy Cinatti was uniquely able to see man s relationship with the environment. These ideas are clearly present in the poems he dedicated to Timor. In his many surveying trips, Cinatti intensified his relations with the Timorese. This was made possible by his ability to transcend the role of the Portuguese colonizer and to get close to the Timorese to the point of being accepted by the natives as a brother witness the blood pact he celebrated with two Timorese chiefs. His interdisciplinary and sensitive worldview makes his poetic and scientific work rather special and unique, so that Ruy Cinatti has become a fundamental name in Portuguese literature.

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Chiu, Wen-Chi. "Mr. Hassell: The TV Engineer." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc935652/.

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This thesis project is about a television engineer in the Department of Radio, Television and Film at the University of North Texas. This project records the engineer's activities in the Department and interviews him about his career path. An accompanying written production report describes the pre-production, production and post-production processes of this project.

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Haynes, Jeffrey Kyle. "I Am A Lonely Engineer." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73492.

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I Am a Lonely Engineer is a collection of poems dealing with the emotional fallout of a speaker whose life has been uprooted by the absence of his father. Through a series of semi-surreal narratives, the speaker eventually comes to terms with his father's absence and begins the process of healing in the wake of this familial trauma.
Master of Fine Arts

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42

Thongkam, Waluree [Verfasser]. "Investigation on the toxicity of Engineered Nanoparticles - Exploring the role of the glutathione antioxidant system / Waluree Thongkam." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1173973273/34.

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Addey, Kwame Asiam. "The Role of Trade Facilitation Indicators and Genetically Engineered Restrictive Index on U.S. State Exports and Efficiency." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29005.

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Trade Facilitation Indicators have become important mechanisms of monitoring the ease of trade. Another issue of rising concern is the pervasive debate on genetically engineered organisms and the development of Genetically Engineered Restrictive Index to evaluate its implications on trade. With regards to these, the objective of the United States Trade Representative is to eliminate implicit trade barriers. Hence, this study examines the impact of TFIs on U.S. agricultural export and its efficiency. From the results, a 1% increase in destination?s Genetically Engineered Restrictive Index leads to a US$ 9,426.82 and US$ 74,268.04 decline in corn and soybean exports while wheat experiences a US$ 26,204.05 increase. The ?I-State? paradox was also revealed from the efficiency rankings. This research recommends that GE labelling policies should be synchronized to match the requirements of the destination countries. Furthermore, information on GE foods must be transparent and disseminated to change destinations? negative perception.

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Trzebinski, Jakub. "Novel approaches to engineer glucose biosensors." Thesis, Brunel University, 2011. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/6523.

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Designing a biosensor capable of continuously monitoring blood glucose concentration in people with diabetes has been a major challenge for over three decades. In this work we attempt to develop a novel microspike based minimally invasive biosensor for this purpose. Also, as a part of an ongoing study, we attempt to improve the current design of coil-type implantable biosensors. Microspikes, which are able to painlessly penetrate the skin layer, were fabricated using lithographic techniques and sputtered with gold to serve as an electrode. The biosensor design is based on thiomalic acid self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on which glucose oxidase was immobilised by a simple coupling technique together with a tetrathiafulvalene mediator entrapped in an epoxy-polyurethane permselective membrane. Functional testing revealed that such modified sensors are capable of detecting glucose concentration within the clinically relevant range. This was followed by studying the microspike based biosensors incorporated into the microfluidics platform mimicking the sensor behaviour in interstitial fluid. Data from these experiments revealed that the sensor response is mainly dependent on enzyme kinetics rather than membrane permeability to glucose. In contrast, an attempt to address the reproducibility issues of coil-type biosensors is presented. The hypothesis for this study was that a crosslinked hydrogel would have a sufficiently uniform porosity and hydrophilicity to address the variability in sensor sensitivity. The hydrogel was prepared by crosslinking di-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate and N-vinyl pyrrolidone with 2.5 mol% ethylene glycol dimethacrylate using the water soluble initiators – ammonium persulphate and sodium metabisulfite under a nitrogen atmosphere. The hydrogel was applied to the sensor by dip coating during polymerisation. Electrochemical measurements revealed that the response characteristics of sensors coated with this membrane are highly consistent. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) was used to spatially resolve glucose diffusion through the membrane by measuring the consequent hydrogen peroxide release and compared with an epoxy- polyurethane membrane.

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Stalker, R. "Engineer-computer interaction for structural monitoring." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2000. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/11792/.

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李德順 and Tak-shun Dominic Li. "Management training of a civil engineer." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3126329X.

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Li, Tak-shun Dominic. "Management training of a civil engineer /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1985. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12315813.

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Siegel, Coralie. "Heat-producing element enrichment in granitic rocks, the role of crustal composition and evolution." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/85344/1/Coralie_Siegel_Thesis.pdf.

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This study greatly enhanced our knowledge of the potential for geothermal energy development in Queensland as a viable clean energy source in the coming decades. Key outcomes of the project were understanding the first-order controls on the concentration of the heat-producing elements: uranium, thorium and potassium in granitic rocks, and constraining where rocks with the greatest heat-producing potential lie at depth in Queensland. Importantly, new temperature and heat flow maps for southwest Queensland were developed that will greatly assist future exploration efforts.

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Dressler, Michael D. "Uncovering the Role of Propagule Pressure in Determining Establishment Success Using a Synthetic Biology Approach." Thesis, NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/491.

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The spread of invasive species poses a major ecological and economical threat. Consequently there are ongoing efforts to develop a generalizable mechanism to predict establishment success of non-native species. One proposed mechanism to predict establishment success is propagule pressure, which is defined as the number of individuals introduced at a given time. Although some studies have demonstrated a positive correlation between propagule pressure and establishment success, others have not, and the effect of propagule pressure on establishment success remains unclear. To address this challenge, a strain of bacteria engineered with an Allee effect, a growth dynamic that is often associated with establishing species, was used. The timing between successive introduction events that resulted in establishment success was measured. It was observed that if the time between two introduction events was sufficiently long, growth did not occur. By manipulating the growth rate of the bacteria, it was shown that that the minimal time between the two introduction events that resulted in growth was constrained as growth rate decreased. Moreover, it was concluded that asymmetry in the density of bacteria introduced in the introduction events increased the maximum time between introduction events that resulted in growth. These results help to remedy conflicting data in the literature by identifying conditions where propagule pressure has, and does not have, a positive impact on establishment success. These findings can have major implications in understanding and predicting the unique population dynamics of invasive species.

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Kladakis, Stephanie M. "The role of proliferation and migration in endothelial cell monolayer formation on a tissue engineered blood vessel wall model." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16752.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Role of an Engineer'

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