Journal articles on the topic 'Role emerging placement'
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Bossers, Ann, Joanne Cook, Helene Polatajko, and Colin Laine. "Understanding the Role-Emerging Fieldwork Placement." Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 64, no. 1 (April 1997): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000841749706400107.
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Students' perceptions of role-emerging placements as a learning experience in occupational therapy were explored using qualitative methods. Transcripts of eleven indepth interviews with student participants were analyzed for emerging themes. The students described the placements as contributing to their learning by: providing opportunities for seeing the client as a person; for personal and professional growth; and for role elaboration. The community context and the placement structure were both seen as major contributors to the students' learning. Potential benefits of these placements for the profession were also identified. The findings provide a comprehensive look at the students' perspectives of these placements and indicate that important learning occurs in the role-emerging experience. Most importantly, findings indicate that role-emerging placements provide important opportunities for the development of students as professionals in a climate of health-care reform. The profession should consider role-emerging placements as growth-inducing learning experiences for students.
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Linnane, Esther, and Alison Warren. "Apprehension and interest." Irish Journal of Occupational Therapy 45, no. 1 (April 3, 2017): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijot-01-2017-0002.
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Purpose Role-emerging placements have been used internationally within occupational therapy education but are relatively new to Ireland. At times, there has been a debate in the profession regarding the use of this placement model. This paper aims to generate views from both occupational therapists and occupational therapy students on the use of role-emerging placements in the Republic of Ireland. Design/methodology/approach Electronic surveys were administered to occupational therapy students and occupational therapists in Ireland. Quantitative data were analysed using the SPSS Statistics software package and the content of the open question responses were analysed into themes. Findings Occupational therapists (n = 60) and occupational therapy students (n = 45) indicated that there were inconsistent views surrounding role-emerging placements. It is deemed as an effective method for student learning, but apprehension exists around inclusion within occupational therapy programmes in the Republic of Ireland. Preference was indicated towards inclusion of role-emerging placements on a part-time basis within formal occupational therapy education. Originality/value Both respondent groups viewed that role-emerging placements can positively influence new areas of occupational therapy practice and concern over the use of the placement model requires further exploration and debate. This study is from an Irish context, although there are similarities with other countries’ use of the placement model. There is a need for research through an in-depth exploration of the learning experience of undertaking role-emerging placements from the students’ perspective and identification of supports required to promote an optimal learning experience.
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Wood, Anna. "Student Practice Contexts: Changing Face, Changing Place." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 68, no. 8 (August 2005): 375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802260506800806.
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A survey was undertaken to identify emerging areas for practice placements as the first part of a three-phase project. Quantitative data pertaining to the number of non-traditional and role-emerging placements taking place were obtained. Qualitative data were gathered to identify the impetus for creating these types of placement, the ways that they were assessed and reviewed and their potential for further development. The questionnaire was circulated to 27 practice placement tutors, 24 of whom responded. The data were anonymised. Twenty-one of the practice placement tutors stated that their higher education institutions offered placements outside the National Health Service or local authority services. Mental health settings were the largest provider of both non-traditional placements (29%) and role-emerging placements (37%). The survey generated detailed responses on the strengths and challenges of these placements and the majority of the participants were in favour of further development in this area.
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Solomon, Patricia, and Bonny Jung. "An interprofessional role-emerging placement in HIV rehabilitation." International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 13, no. 2 (February 2006): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijtr.2006.13.2.21354.
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Chamberlain, Emily, Juliette Truman, Samantha Scallan, Johnny Lyon-Maris, and Amanda Pike. "Occupational therapy: an emerging role in primary care." British Journal of General Practice 69, suppl 1 (June 2019): bjgp19X702761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp19x702761.
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BackgroundGPs in the UK are under significant pressure in delivering primary care and this has highlighted the need for workforce development. Occupational therapists (OTs) are highly skilled practitioners working across health and social care sectors. Educated at pre-registration level to work with physical and mental health issues, OTs can potentially provide valuable support to GPs. To date OTs are not routinely utilised within primary care. For over 10 years the University of Southampton OT Department has developed placements in a range of settings for students, but never previously in primary care.AimThe focus of this study was to determine whether role emerging placements in primary care enhanced the learning of OT students and to consider what can be learned about the role of occupational therapy in primary care.MethodA case study approach was used to evaluate the project. Methods of data collection for this study included: observation of small group teaching sessions and end of placement interviews with students, educators, and members of the primary care teams involved in the placements.ResultsAnalysis of the data indicates OT skills can be utilised in general practice in a number of ways, in certain areas, potentially saving face-to-face consultations with GPs.ConclusionOTs are an underutilised profession in frontline primary care. The role of OT has not been well researched as a ‘first point of contact’ healthcare professional in primary care. OTs’ broad training in mental health, physical frailty, and learning disabilities are potentially valuable to service delivery in general practice.
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Sony, Bipin, and Saumitra Bhaduri. "Choice between rights issue and private placements of equity and the role of information asymmetry." Managerial Finance 48, no. 3 (December 16, 2021): 409–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-01-2021-0023.
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PurposeThe objective of this paper is to investigate the role of information asymmetry in the equity selling mechanisms chosen by the firms from an important emerging market, India. Specifically, the authors look into the choice between the two most popular mechanisms of equity issues – rights issue and private placement of equity.Design/methodology/approachThis study introduces three analyst specific variables as proxies of information asymmetry as the conventional proxies are fraught with several disadvantages. First, the paper tests the choice between rights issue and private placement using a binary logistic model. In the second approach the authors use rights issue and segregate the private placements into preferential allotments and qualified institutional placements and test the impact of information asymmetry using a multinomial logistic regression.FindingsThe outcome of this empirical exercise shows that only those firms facing lesser information problems choose rights issue of equity. Private placements are chosen by firms facing higher information problems to circumvent information costs. The results remain invariant even after segregating the qualified institutional placements from private equity placement as the firms with information disadvantage choose to place equity privately.Originality/valueIn contrast to the conventional studies that focus on the debt-equity framework, the authors argue that the impact of information asymmetry is applicable even at disaggregated levels of equity selling mechanism.
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Di Paola, Rosanna, Francesco Briguglio, Irene Paterniti, Emanuela Mazzon, Giacomo Oteri, David Militi, Giancarlo Cordasco, and Salvatore Cuzzocrea. "Emerging Role of PPAR-β/δin Inflammatory Process Associated to Experimental Periodontitis." Mediators of Inflammation 2011 (2011): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/787159.
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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the contribution of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-β/δ) in animal model of periodontitis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were lightly anaesthetized with pentobarbitone (35 mg/kg). Sterile, 2-0 black braided silk thread was placed around the cervix of the lower left first molar and knotted medially. Animals received GW0742 (0.3 mg/kg, 10% DMSO, i.p. after the ligature placement and daily for eight days). At day 8, the gingivomucosal tissue encircling the mandibular first molar was removed. One the eighth day after placement of the ligature, we evaluated (1) NF-κB expression, (2) cytokines expression, (3) iNOS expression, (5) the nitration of tyrosine, (6) apoptosis, and (8) the degree of gingivomucosal tissues injury. Administration of GW0742 significantly decreased all of the parameters of inflammation as described above. Taken together, these results demonstrate that GW0742 exerts an anti-inflammatory role during experimental periodontitis and is able to ameliorate the tissue damage.
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Overton, Amber, Michele Clark, and Yvonne Thomas. "A Review of Non-Traditional Occupational Therapy Practice Placement Education: A Focus on Role-Emerging and Project Placements." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 72, no. 7 (July 2009): 294–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802260907200704.
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Boniface, Gail, Alison Seymour, Tracey Polglase, Carole Lawrie, and Maria Clarke. "Exploring the Nature of Peer and Academic Supervision on a Role-Emerging Placement." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 75, no. 4 (April 2012): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4276/030802212x13336366278211.
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Fieldhouse, Jon, and Tamsin Fedden. "Exploring the Learning Process on a Role-Emerging Practice Placement: A Qualitative Study." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 72, no. 7 (July 2009): 302–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802260907200705.
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Jacob, Sabrina A., and Anne Boyter. "Survey of undergraduates’ perceptions of experiential learning in the MPharm programme: The TELL Project." Pharmacy Practice 18, no. 2 (June 16, 2020): 1856. http://dx.doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2020.2.1856.
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Objective: To determine the perception of undergraduate pharmacy students of their experiential learning (EL) placements both in the community and hospital settings.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted utilizing a six-item online survey consisting of one open-ended and five closed-ended questions, the latter utilising five-point Likert-type scales ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). All undergraduate pharmacy students from the School of Pharmacy (N=496) were included in the study. Survey questions assessed students’ perceptions on the effectiveness of the EL, tutors and placements sites, and organisation and structure of the EL. Thematic content analysis was performed on the open-ended comments, where relevant themes were generated.
Results: From the 139 responses (response rate: 28%), 121 responses were analysed, and of these, 72.5% already had part-time jobs in community pharmacies. Close to 85% felt that their part-time work should contribute to EL hours, which is currently not recognised by the university. Respondents were positive about the effectiveness of EL in developing their professionalism and communication (M=3.84, SD=1.05), clinical (M=3.42, SD=1.22), and technical skills (M=3.32, SD=1.25) Respondents provided favourable feedback about their experience in the hospital as it gave them a real-world exposure to the role of a hospital pharmacist. Community placements were not viewed favourably and this was mainly attributed to the poor experience with tutors whom they felt used them as an extra pair of hands. This was thought to impede their learning experience. They also felt that hospital placements were of insufficient duration, reported by 72.5% of respondents. Respondents also felt they should be sent to other sites such as primary care for placements.
Conclusions: Tutor-training is key to ensure tutors are aware of the responsibilities and expectations. Similarly, quality assurance measures should be adopted to ensure tutors and placement sites are capable of providing students with an effective placement experience. While placement durations are a concern, the focus should be on the quality of the placement experience, and ensuring there is structure and flexibility. Content changes are also needed to include emerging placement sites such as primary care to prepare students for evolving pharmacist roles in the changing healthcare system.
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Singh, Sidhant, and Saurabh Mukewar. "Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound to Assess and Manage Portal Hypertension." Digestive Disease Interventions 04, no. 02 (June 2020): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1713372.
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AbstractPortal hypertension leads to the development of varices along the gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopy plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of varices. Endosonography (EUS) enables visualization and permits access to varices and veins outside the gastrointestinal tract. EUS has emerged as an important tool, with the ability to identify vascular changes, treat gastric and ectopic varices, perform portal pressure measurements, portal venography, and intrahepatic shunt placement. This review discusses the role of endoscopy and the emerging role of EUS in evaluation and management of portal hypertension.
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Morales, Alexis, Erin West, Marie-Christine Potvin, and Mika Kalimi. "OT Students’ Perception of the Value of a Fieldwork Placement in a Role-Emerging Practice Setting." American Journal of Occupational Therapy 76, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2022): 7610510165p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2022.76s1-po165.
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Abstract Date Presented 04/02/2022 This qualitative study found that Level II OT fieldwork students (N = 14) perceived that role-emerging placements are beneficial in terms of preparing for the profession across settings. In fact, these students noted that they acquired soft and hard skills in this setting that they would not have acquired in a traditional fieldwork setting. Primary Author and Speaker: Alexis Morales Additional Authors and Speakers: Marie-Christine Potvin, Mika Kalimi Contributing Authors: Erin West
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Thew, Miranda, Allyson Hargreaves, and Jane Cronin-Davis. "An Evaluation of a Role-Emerging Practice Placement Model for a Full Cohort of Occupational Therapy Students." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 71, no. 8 (August 2008): 348–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802260807100809.
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Goldhaber, Dan, John Krieg, Natsumi Naito, and Roddy Theobald. "Making the Most of Student Teaching: The Importance of Mentors and Scope for Change." Education Finance and Policy 15, no. 3 (June 2020): 581–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/edfp_a_00305.
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A growing literature documents the importance of student teaching placements for teacher development. Emerging evidence from this literature highlights the importance of the mentor teacher who supervises this placement, as teachers tend to be more effective when they student teach with a mentor who is a more effective teacher. But the efficacy of policies that aim to have effective teachers serve as mentors depends a great deal on the availability of effective teachers to serve in this role. We therefore use data from Washington State to illustrate that there is ample scope for change in student teacher placements; in other words, there are far more effective teachers within fifty miles of a teacher education program (TEP) who could host a student teacher in each year than the number of teachers who serve in this role. We also discuss the considerable challenges to improvement efforts related to the need for better coordination between TEPs, K–12 school systems, and states. Finally, we argue that, if policy makers value teacher candidate development equivalently to teacher in-service development, they should be willing to pay substantially more than the current average compensation for mentor teachers to recruit effective teachers to serve in this role.
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Heath, Shaun. "Next steps for student supervision and assessment." Practice Nursing 30, no. 10 (October 2, 2019): 496–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/pnur.2019.30.10.496.
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Student nurses are the future of the profession. Shaun Heath explains how changes to the Nursing and Midwifery Council's education standards will effect those currently acting as mentors and how all practice nurses can get involved and contribute to student placement experiences This article explores the Nursing and Midwifery Council's 2018 education standards and how these will affect the role of general practice nurses in primary care settings. The differing roles found in the standards will be discussed, alongside how primary care and the emerging Primary Care Networks can support learners in general practice through communities of practice.
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Golovnin, M. "Positions and Prospects of Emerging Market Economies’ Currencies." World Economy and International Relations 67, no. 1 (2023): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2023-67-1-16-24.
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Over the past two decades of the 21st century, there has been an increase in the role of the currencies of emerging markets in the global foreign exchange market, but their positions in the international monetary system have not significantly changed. The article demonstrates the continuing gap between the role of the leading emerging market economies in the global economy and finance and the position of their currencies in the international monetary system. This gap is driven by lower liquidity premiums for the currencies of EME countries, relatively underdevelopment of their financial systems and greater financial instability, restrictions on the placement of securities denominated in national currencies on international financial markets, as well as geopolitical factors (including the risks of imposing sanctions regimes by the developed countries). It is shown that the internationalization of the EME currencies is facilitated by such factors as internal financial stability, the relative development of national financial markets and a significant role of issuing countries in world trade. On the example of China, the relative success of the policy of internationalization of the yuan is shown, on the example of Mexico and Russia, the role of participation in regional integration associations to expand the external circulation of national currencies. There is an increase in the role of geopolitical factors in determining the positions of individual EME currencies, especially since 2022. The scenario of fragmentation of the international monetary and financial system is considered, which implies a relative weakening of the positions of current leading world currencies with a relative strengthening of the positions of the individual EME currencies (primarily Chinese yuan). Measures are proposed to strengthen the positions of EME currencies in the new geopolitical conditions: activation of interaction processes in regional and mega-regional associations, formation of payment and settlement systems within them in national currencies using digital technologies, creation of regional markets for securities denominated in national currencies, the conclusion and activation of multilateral currency swap agreements between the central banks of EME countries.
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Derdall, Michele, and Reg Urbanowski. "Clinical Education in Saskatchewan: A Needs Assessment." Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 62, no. 3 (August 1995): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000841749506200306.
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Clinical education or fieldwork requires a collaborative relationship and coordinated effort between the university and the clinic. Although the literature notes the increased recognition and responsilDility given to clinicians as a teaching resource, minimal attention has been given to describing the clinical educator's perspective or in preparing clinicians for the role of educator. The purpose of this study was to explore the support and educational needs of Saskatchewan occupational therapists as they related to providing clinical education. Focus group interviews were conducted with 70% participation of the practicing registered occupational therapists in Saskatchewan. Emerging themes related to the participants (needs and responsibilities of the student, the clinical educator, the facility and the university), the process (positive and negative elements of communication, placement coordination and student evaluation), and the environment (clinical education models, length and number of placements). Recommendations were made for enhancing the clinical education experience in Saskatchewan.
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Zar, Sameer, Darina Kohoutová, and Jan Bureš. "Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Epidemiology, Role of EUS in Diagnosis, Role of ERCP, Endoscopic Palliation." Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) 62, no. 4 (2019): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2020.1.
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Pancreatic cancer is the seventh leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and is associated with a poor survival rate. The vast majority of pancreatic cancers are inoperable at the time of diagnosis. In the absence of metastatic disease, operability depends on the extent of local disease; in particular, the presence or absence of vascular and lymph node involvement. Adequate staging is vital in deciding an appropriate treatment plan. Cross sectional imaging including CT, MRI and PET-CT are commonly used for staging. However, EUS is a useful adjunct for accurate loco-regional staging in addition to allowing diagnostic tissue samples to be obtained. Emerging EUS-guided therapeutic techniques have opened up new horizons in the management of pancreatic malignancy. EUS guidance can be used for coeliac plexus neurolysis in patients with intractable pain and fiducial placement in directing stereotactic radiotherapy. The majority of patients with cancer of the pancreatic head present with biliary obstruction. ERCP can be used to drain the obstructed biliary system with plastic or metal stents and offers an opportunity to confirm the diagnosis by obtaining brush cytology and forceps biopsy specimens. EUS-guided choledocho-duodenostomy or hepatico-gastrostomy is increasingly being employed for draining the biliary system if ERCP is unsuccessful.
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Thew, Miranda, Yvonne Thomas, and Michelle Briggs. "The impact of a Role Emerging Placement while a student occupational therapist, on subsequent qualified employability, practice and career path." Australian Occupational Therapy Journal 65, no. 3 (March 11, 2018): 198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1440-1630.12463.
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Micucci, Steven, David B. Keschner, and Jonathan Liang. "Eustachian Tube Balloon Dilation: Emerging Practice Patterns for a Novel Procedure." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 127, no. 11 (September 19, 2018): 848–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489418798858.
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Objectives: To review the role of eustachian tube balloon dilation (ETBD) in the setting of chronic Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) and ascertain how ETBD is currently being used in practice today. Methods: An online survey included 20 questions designed by 3 investigators to examine how otolaryngologists utilize ETBD in the management of ETD. The survey was distributed to the members of the American Rhinologic Society (ARS), American Otological Society (AOS), and American Neurotology Society (ANS) in their respective annual electronic mailings in April and May of 2017. Results: A total of 1105 and 633 surveys were sent to ARS and AOS/ANS members, respectively. Of those, 157 surveys were returned (126 from ARS and 31 from AOS/ANS). Of those returning the survey, 72 (50%) had not performed ETBD and were excluded from subsequent analysis. Forty-four (66%) respondents consider ETBD after failure of medical management; conversely, 18 (27%) and 26 (39%) consider ETBD after failure of 1 or more trial of myringotomy tube placement. Routine testing for ETBD includes audiogram with tympanometry 64 (96%) and preoperative computer tomography (CT) 38 (57%). Fifty-three (80%) practitioners only perform ETBD in adults 18 years and older. Thirty-four (53%) respondents describe ETBD as “great” or “good,” while 27 (42%) were unsure, and only 3 (5%) did not like ETBD. Conclusions: Eustachian tube balloon dilation is a novel technique for the treatment of chronic ETD, and its role continues to evolve and develop. Current practice patterns demonstrate wide variability in the assessment of ETD, heterogeneity in the timing of ETBD, and controversy in preoperative CT screening.
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Fisher, Angela, and Maggi Savin-Baden. "Modernising Fieldwork, Part 2: Realising the New Agenda." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 65, no. 6 (June 2002): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802260206500605.
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In recent years, many discussions have taken place regarding the need for new and different forms of fieldwork education. Research was undertaken to explore the capacity for and barriers to placement provision in the West Midlands Region (reported in part 1 of this article) and to investigate the views of fieldwork educators about the Role Emerging and the Collaborative (2:1) Models of Fieldwork Education. While these have been reported to be viable approaches, as yet few attempts have been made to implement them in practice and issues of context were found to have an impact on their implementation and the provision of placements. Part 2 of this article examines these two models of fieldwork education in the light of the findings of this study and an innovative approach that emerged from discussions with participants is presented. It is argued here that choice and diversity, in terms of the different models of fieldwork education meeting the needs of different service environments and different students, is valuable; however, the development of an appropriate infrastructure and the provision of adequate resources to support these alternatives are key issues.
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Onions, Caryn. "Retaining foster carers during challenging times: the benefits of embedding reflective practice into the foster care role." Adoption & Fostering 42, no. 3 (September 3, 2018): 249–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308575918790433.
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Retaining high quality foster carers and helping them to manage the intense emotional impact of caring for young traumatised children is still a major challenge. While foster carer training helps in the short term, international findings suggest that training and support structures alone may not sustain foster carers when times get tough. This article considers the benefits of embedding reflective practice into the role of foster carers. It draws on a qualitative study of five foster carers and two birth mothers receiving specialist help whose children have experienced severe trauma, early neglect and/or abuse and who attend a residential special school for primary-aged children where staff reflective practice is at the core of its work. The carers of all new pupils during a 12-month period were interviewed at the start of placement and one year later and the emerging themes were identified. All of the foster carers reported that after the first year children were less violent and aggressive and more able to verbalise their feelings. Some also began to change their perception of their child’s difficulties. The birth parents also reported improvements but the focus of their concerns and details of the benefits were different. The article argues that in addition to training, all carers who look after severely traumatised children would benefit from regular opportunities to genuinely reflect on the impact that their caring role has on them and that their children’s development will be enhanced by the reduction in challenging behaviour and the risk of placement disruption. However, within the reflective process, different groups of carers will have their own particular concerns.
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Colby, Geoffrey P., Alexander L. Coon, Daniel M. Sciubba, Ali Bydon, Philippe Gailloud, and Rafael J. Tamargo. "Intraoperative indocyanine green angiography for obliteration of a spinal dural arteriovenous fistula." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 11, no. 6 (December 2009): 705–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.6.spine09315.
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Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are the most common type of spinal arteriovenous malformation and are an important, underdiagnosed cause of progressive myelopathy and morbidity in patients with spine disorders. Successful microsurgical management of these lesions is dependent on the surgeon's ability to identify vessels of the fistula and to confirm its successful obliteration postintervention. Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescent angiography is an emerging tool for delineating intraoperative vascular anatomy, and it has significant potential utility in the treatment of vascular disease in the spine. The authors present the case of a 76-year-old man with progressive and debilitating bilateral lower-extremity weakness and numbness on exertion, in whom a left T-8 spinal DAVF was diagnosed based on results of conventional spinal angiography. Unfavorable anatomy based on angiographic findings precluded endovascular embolization of the fistula, and the patient subsequently underwent T7–9 bilateral laminectomies for microsurgical clip occlusion. Intraoperative ICG fluorescent angiography was used before clip placement to identify the arterialized veins of the fistula, and after clip placement to confirm obliteration of the fistulous connection and restoration of normal blood flow. Intraoperative ICG angiography serves an important role in the microsurgical treatment of DAVF. It can be used to map the anatomy of the fistula in real time during surgery and to verify fistula obliteration rapidly after clip placement. This report adds to the growing body of literature demonstrating the importance of ICG angiography in vascular neurosurgery of the spine.
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Yip, Yuk-Chiu, Ka-Huen Yip, and Wai-King Tsui. "Exploring the Gender-Related Perceptions of Male Nursing Students in Clinical Placement in the Asian Context: A Qualitative Study." Nursing Reports 11, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 881–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nursrep11040081.
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The lack of gender diversity in the nursing profession has long been recognized as a cause for concern. Female nurses in many practice settings across nations continue to outnumber their male counterparts. Male nursing students may have perceived differences in the way they are treated in clinical practice; however, limited studies have been conducted to determine the unique perspectives of these students in terms of gender bias in their clinical learning. To address this knowledge gap, this study employed a qualitative descriptive approach to explore the experiences of male nursing students in clinical learning in an Asian context. Specifically, we examined the insights emerging from the thoughts and feelings of male nursing students from interactions with their clinical mentors, patients, and peers in their encounters during their clinical placement. From November 2019 to July 2020, data were collected through semi-structured interviews from 22 male participants aged 21–30 years (mean age: 22.7), enrolled in a prelicensure Bachelor of Nursing (honors) program in Hong Kong. Four themes emerged after a qualitative content analysis: (1) while the School of Nursing welcomes men, clinical settings are another story due to pragmatic considerations; (2) you are welcomed because you may be seen as a helper with greater physical strength; (3) male nursing students feel alienated in the obstetrics and gynecology practicum; (4) more male role models are desired in the clinical setting. Our findings indicate the need to promote gender awareness among faculty and clinical mentors, understand the factors hindering and facilitating the clinical practicum for male nursing students, improve the male nursing experience during the maternity practicum, and ensure access to more male role models to boost role socialization and learning.
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Edo, Samson E. "The Nigerian Capital Market in an Era of Privatisation." Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 1, no. 2 (July 1997): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09722629x97001002005.
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The Nigerian Capital Market achieved a significant growth during the period of privatisation (1988-1993). Through the process of privatisation, a large volume of shares was transferred from government to individual and institutional investors. The shares were offered for sale through the capital market either by placement or quotation at the Stock Exchange. As a result, the capital market expanded in terms of facilities and activities as shown by various indicators. In the same period, Nigeria entred the global equity market as one of the emerging capital markets in the world. It also became one of only four African capital markts to be so acknowledged. Despite these encouraging developments, its potentials for enhancing economic growth and development are yet to be fully exploited. In view of this, policy recomendations have been proffered to further enhance the capital market in readiness for its role in economic growth and development.
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Compagnucci, Lorenzo, Francesca Spigarelli, Paolo Passarini, Concetta Ferrara, Chiara Aleffi, and Sabrina Tomasi. "Promotion of local development and innovation by a social sciences and humanities based university: the case of the University of Macerata." AGRICOLTURA ISTITUZIONI MERCATI, no. 2 (January 2021): 77–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/aim2018-002006.
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Phenomena associated with globalization, the spread of the knowledge economy and the challenges of sustainable development are all contributing to redefining the role of the university. In addition to the traditional first and second missions of education and research, universities have been taking on a third mission to bring socio-economic benefits to the local and national economy through technology transfer. The first part of this study briefly outlines the theoretical framework of the third mission and the emerging function of co-creation of initiatives to support social sustainability. Next, the study describes the approach adopted by the University of Macerata (UniMC), a university focused on Social Sciences and Humanities (SSHs). Since 2013, UniMC has undertaken specific actions to boost entrepreneurship through a humanistic approach towards local development. This paper describes six initiatives out of the many that UniMC has established: the Office for the Valorisation of Research - ILO and Placement; CreaHUB; LUCI, Laboratory for Humanism, Creativity and Innovation; IMpresa INaula; Mangia Locale; and #SMARTMARCA.
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Mushtaq, Hammad, Mansoora Ahmed, and Muhammad Khalid Iqbal. "Towards Affirmative Customer Recommendations in Mobile Commerce." JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS RESEARCH AND MARKETING 3, no. 4 (2018): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.34.3001.
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Lately, the prevailing adoption of mobile commerce is evident throughout the developed economies. A similar trend is followed in developing countries; however, the acceptance of emerging mobile-based business ventures is still in its infancy. Establishing trust and affirmative word of mouth can contribute to effective placement of mobile commerce. The current study presents a literature review and research model to highlight the impact of social influence and customer attitude towards personalized communications on building trust perceptions and customer recommendations in mobile commerce. Mobile commerce vendors invest in pursuing customers through interactive and integrative marketing communications. Prospect customers develop trust perceptions concerning mobile commerce vendor over these communications. Customers perceived social influence has an important role in technology adoption structure of “Unified Theory of Acceptance and Usage of Technology” (UTAUT) by Venkatesh. This paper presents a hypothesized model based on the theoretical background of integrated marketing and technology adoption theories. The research design and methodology has been articulated to test proposed research model empirically.
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Sakai, Daisuke, Kieran Joyce, Maki Sugimoto, Natsumi Horikita, Akihiko Hiyama, Masato Sato, Aiden Devitt, and Masahiko Watanabe. "Augmented, virtual and mixed reality in spinal surgery: A real-world experience." Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 28, no. 3 (May 1, 2020): 230949902095269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2309499020952698.
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This review aims to identify the role of augmented, virtual or mixed reality (AR, VR or MR) technologies in setting of spinal surgery. The authors address the challenges surrounding the implementation of this technology in the operating room. A technical standpoint addresses the efficacy of these imaging modalities based on the current literature in the field. Ultimately, these technologies must be cost-effective to ensure widespread adoption. This may be achieved through reduced surgical times and decreased incidence of post-operative complications and revisions while maintaining equivalent safety profile to alternative surgical approaches. While current studies focus mainly on the successful placement of pedicle screws via AR-guided instrumentation, a wider scope of procedures may be assisted using AR, VR or MR technology once efficacy and safety have been validated. These emerging technologies offer a significant advantage in the guidance of complex procedures that require high precision and accuracy using minimally invasive interventions.
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Murray, Derek. "Equitable Claims and Future Considerations: Road Building and Colonization in Early Ontario, 1850–1890." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 24, no. 2 (May 15, 2014): 156–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1025077ar.
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In the 1850s, the government of Canada West initiated a project to colonize a vast “waste land” known as the Ottawa-Huron Tract. Resettlement was encouraged through the building of a network of colonization roads and the offer of free grant lots along the roads. In the backwoods, where topography defied the logic of the grid, the placement and maintenance of roads was crucial, not only for convenience, but for survival. Analysing the process whereby settlers and the state negotiated road construction projects, this article reveals an emerging local democratic culture in which frustration with bureaucracy often meant more to community formation than did social status, religion, or ethnicity. In a series of letters and petitions sent to the colonization roads administration from 1863 to 1888, residents of Brudenell, Ontario, articulated a vision of resettlement in which the state played a supporting rather than determining role. While much has been written about the failure of intensive commercial agriculture on the Precambrian Shield, settlers succeeded in building communities and, sometimes, in channelling government resources toward local initiatives.
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Hougham, Richard. "Track the Deer, Catch it and Then Let it Go." Dramatherapy 27, no. 3 (October 2005): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02630672.2005.9689663.
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The following paper is based on research into a dramatic model of group supervision that was also informed by ideas from Jungian psychology. Postgraduate dramatherapy students were given the opportunity to reflect, embody and dramatise what they considered to be ‘significant moments’ from their placement practice over a period of ten weeks. A semi-structured interview was then carried out with each of the nine participants. Analysis of their responses identified two emerging themes −1) a diversity of perspectives on the same session, where students who participated in the same work had different experiences and 2) working with the drama and the body in supervision offered the chance to reconnect with and investigate body-based experiences from practice. Through continuing to use the art form of drama in supervision (in particular role-playing the client), it seemed that qualities and nuances of the session and the therapeutic relationship could be explored. In particular, some of the unconscious communication between therapist and client seemed to be exposed through working with the body and drama.
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Hong, Chia Swee, Lorraine Ewing, Jane M. Hibberd, and Eunice Ham. "Reflections on role-emerging placements." International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 27, no. 7 (July 2, 2020): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijtr.2020.0101.
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Daković, Nevena, and Aleksandra Milovanović. "Soft power of the Balkans: Soft power of the TV series: Black Sun/Shadows over the Balkans." Kultura, no. 173 (2021): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/kultura2173083d.
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The paper explores the soft power of the Serbian TV series produced in the period 2015-2021 - as focused on the in depth analysis of the TV series Senke nad Balkanom (Black Sun/Shadows over the Balkans, 2017, Dragan Bjelogrlić) - and their role in the domains of cultural diplomacy and international relations of Republic of Serbia. The research uses the methods of the qualitative (textual, narrative, genre) and quantitative (the financial success in terms of distribution, placement at the festivals, promotions on the social webs) analysis. The aim of this paper is to map out - reading the thematically and generically diverse case studies of multilayered narrative complexity - the emerging patterns of the soft power analysis of TV series and their importance and value for the national cultural policy and diplomacy. Consequently, the multifaceted narrative of the Shadows over the Balkans becomes the story of the past and the present; cultural and political tensions; opposed parties and conflicting identities in the country and in the region. At the same time the TV series creates the image of Serbia - process of 'branding the nation and the state' - aimed for and turned toward the world, but not necessarily made in accordance with the state priorities and strategies. Regional and global reactions and critical response to the Shadows over the Balkans, its international placement, distribution and promotion argue the skilful change of the global into the local phenomenon (global exploitation and the growing soft power) as well as the successfully achieved mission of the cultural diplomacy - have appropriated identity and enhanced visibility of the country and of the nation.
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Arastehfar, Amir, Cornelia Lass-Flörl, Rocio Garcia-Rubio, Farnaz Daneshnia, Macit Ilkit, Teun Boekhout, Toni Gabaldon, and David S. Perlin. "The Quiet and Underappreciated Rise of Drug-Resistant Invasive Fungal Pathogens." Journal of Fungi 6, no. 3 (August 18, 2020): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof6030138.
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Human fungal pathogens are attributable to a significant economic burden and mortality worldwide. Antifungal treatments, although limited in number, play a pivotal role in decreasing mortality and morbidities posed by invasive fungal infections (IFIs). However, the recent emergence of multidrug-resistant Candida auris and Candida glabrata and acquiring invasive infections due to azole-resistant C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, and Aspergillus spp. in azole-naïve patients pose a serious health threat considering the limited number of systemic antifungals available to treat IFIs. Although advancing for major fungal pathogens, the understanding of fungal attributes contributing to antifungal resistance is just emerging for several clinically important MDR fungal pathogens. Further complicating the matter are the distinct differences in antifungal resistance mechanisms among various fungal species in which one or more mechanisms may contribute to the resistance phenotype. In this review, we attempt to summarize the burden of antifungal resistance for selected non-albicansCandida and clinically important Aspergillus species together with their phylogenetic placement on the tree of life. Moreover, we highlight the different molecular mechanisms between antifungal tolerance and resistance, and comprehensively discuss the molecular mechanisms of antifungal resistance in a species level.
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Isakov, Vlad, Saravanan Arunachalam, Richard Baldauf, Michael Breen, Parikshit Deshmukh, Andy Hawkins, Sue Kimbrough, et al. "Combining Dispersion Modeling and Monitoring Data for Community-Scale Air Quality Characterization." Atmosphere 10, no. 10 (October 10, 2019): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10100610.
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Spatially and temporally resolved air quality characterization is critical for community-scale exposure studies and for developing future air quality mitigation strategies. Monitoring-based assessments can characterize local air quality when enough monitors are deployed. However, modeling plays a vital role in furthering the understanding of the relative contributions of emissions sources impacting the community. In this study, we combine dispersion modeling and measurements from the Kansas City TRansportation local-scale Air Quality Study (KC-TRAQS) and use data fusion methods to characterize air quality. The KC-TRAQS study produced a rich dataset using both traditional and emerging measurement technologies. We used dispersion modeling to support field study design and analysis. In the study design phase, the presumptive placement of fixed monitoring sites and mobile monitoring routes have been corroborated using a research screening tool C-PORT to assess the spatial and temporal coverage relative to the entire study area extent. In the analysis phase, dispersion modeling was used in combination with observations to help interpret the KC-TRAQS data. We extended this work to use data fusion methods to combine observations from stationary, mobile measurements, and dispersion model estimates.
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Purtell, Jade, Philip Mendes, and Bernadette J. Saunders. "Care leavers, ambiguous loss and early parenting: explaining high rates of pregnancy and parenting amongst young people transitioning from out-of-home care." Children Australia 45, no. 4 (November 27, 2020): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2020.58.
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AbstractThis paper is a narrative review examining the high prevalence of care leaver early parenting in the context of (i) key transitions from care studies taken from the last few decades, (ii) a structured review using Scopus of studies from 2015–2020 focussed specifically on young people transitioning from care and early parenting and (iii) Boss’s (2010) Ambiguous Loss theory. Young care leavers’ challenges, in general, put them at higher risk of protective interventions with their children and may contribute to the growing numbers of children being placed in increasingly over-stretched out-of-home care systems. Questions of surveillance bias for service-connected young people are examined in light of recent large-scale studies using administrative data sets. Serious oversights in responding to young people’s experiences of trauma and exploitation are identified. The relevance of sexual health programs for young people actively seeking pregnancies is discussed with emerging evidence that disengagement from schooling may have more of a role in explaining early pregnancy and parenting than previously thought. The authors test the relevance of Ambiguous Loss theory in understanding how removal from families of origin and placement experiences may affect young people and lead to ‘wanted’ pregnancies.
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Jackson, Guy. "Placement of Preformed Metal Crowns on Carious Primary Molars by Dental Hygiene/Therapy Vocational Trainees in Scotland: A Service Evaluation Assessing Patient and Parent Satisfaction." Primary Dental Journal 4, no. 4 (December 2015): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/205016815816682218.
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Background The utility and acceptability of preformed metal crowns (PMC) for management of carious primary molars has been established in the literature and published guidance. The role of dental hygienist and therapists (DHT) in the evolving team model in primary care has been recognised as requiring further investigation. The importance of patient and parental acceptance is acknowledged in recent healthcare research. Method This study focuses on patient and parent acceptance of preformed metal crowns placed by DHTs. Prescription format is investigated and the availability of bitewing radiographs considered. Reflective assignments at the end of training gave an indication of DHTs views on increased professional autonomy and the issue of direct access. Patient and parent satisfaction following placement of PMCs by DHT vocational trainees (DHTVT) were evaluated. Data was collected in two audit rounds from 2013 to 2014 using a ‘faces’ scale for children and a Likert scale for parents following placement of PMCs on carious primary molars. Results 133 PMCs were placed (110 children) by 10 DHTVTs over an eight-month period. Overall, radiographs were available for 10.5% of cases. The data showed high levels of patient and parent acceptance of the use of PMCs. Conclusions Low availability of radiographs may represent a missed diagnostic opportunity. PMC placement by DHTVTs resulted in high patient and parent satisfaction, comparable to other studies. Although caries has been declining over the last decade in Scotland,1 evidence shows that inequalities and a social gradient2,3 in experience of caries in children remain. There is a need for tools and strategies for the prevention, recognition, risk assessment, diagnosis, and management of caries in the primary dentition. These must be accessible, acceptable to children and their parents/carers, cost effective, affordable and applicable in the primary care general dental practice environment where most families are likely to be registered. The emerging theme of dentistry being provided in a team model with dental care professionals (DCPs) taking on an expanded role is under continuing review4 following the General Dental Council (GDC) announcements5,6 on ‘direct access’. The Scottish Dental Hygiene and Therapy Vocational Training (DHTVT) programme is a one-year, elective, post-qualification training programme for Dental Hygiene and Therapy graduates run by NHS Education for Scotland (NES). In 2013–2014, DHTVTs were employed across six Scottish health board areas in hospital, salaried and independent settings in urban and rural locations. The elements of the programme involve a blend of clinical mentoring, web-based learning, case presentations, critical reading, reflective assignments and face-to-face theoretical and practical teaching across a number of modules. The aim of this project was to collect data to indicate patient and parental response following the placement of PMCs, collect data on the use of radiographs in children having PMCs placed and to investigate the role of dental therapists in the dental team. The data, once collated, was presented to DHTVTs to inform reflection on the management of carious primary molars and to raise awareness of issues relating to cost effectiveness of providing treatment in a primary care environment and critically appraise perceived barriers to the use of PMCs in the treatment of carious primary molars. Collated data has been presented to trainers in future cohorts to inform discussion amongst the group of trainers at induction days around dental team working, effective detection, diagnosis, risk assessment and prescription to DHTs.
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Honawar, Mangala. "Social Work Intervention with Women Offenders: A Pathway to Prevent Recidivism." Asian Social Work Journal 4, no. 4 (November 2, 2019): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/aswj.v4i4.112.
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Literature has consistently shown that women offenders often have unique needs compared to men primarily due to their role as primary care givers within the family structure. The challenges and needs of women offenders vis-à-vis their vulnerabilities, biases against them, discriminations at various levels and of various kinds in the society and several such factors demand both a professional and a holistic approach towards preventing recidivism among them. Over a period, there has been a growing need for specialized interventions for various populations of people in conflict with law. For example, there is a growing area of intervention for specific categories such as juvenile offenders, young offenders, etc. The statistics on crime show an increasing involvement of women in crime and an emerging need to deal with the issue differently than the existing approach of the Criminal Justice System. It is in this context that professional social workers have an important role to play in prison settings, particularly in the context of women, their vulnerabilities and their involvement in crime. They can intervene during crucial phases such as when the women enter the prison for the first time, during their under-trial detention, conviction period and also provide family related services, health and mental health support and counseling, educational support, facilitate skill development, and job placement in addition to monitoring prison conditions. Social work intervention holds the potential to prevent recidivism among women offenders.
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Konieva, Tetiana Anatoliyivna. "REDUCTION THE COSTS OF FORMATION OF ENTERPRISE’S EQUITY." SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN OF POLISSIA 1, no. 2(14) (March 1, 2018): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2410-9576-2018-2-2(14)-114-120.
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Urgency of the research. Decreasing the cost of equity, which is an important source of financial provision of enterprise’s activity, in particular newly created, is a topical issue in a market economy. Target setting. Domestic enterprises are characterized by the growing share of current liabilities at this stage. It threatens the stability of their financial state and causes the need to increase the role of internal financial resources. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. In accordance with modern approaches the basis for calculating the cost of equity is the premium for the country’s risk in which the investment object is located; the access to the capital market; the risk of default of the company in emerging markets. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. There is a need to study the role of the net assets components in the formation of enterprise’s equity, which will identify additional ways to reduce the cost of its involvement. The research objective. The article provides: analysis of the influence of factors on the cost of net assets; identification of the role of components in the formation of domestic enterprises’ equity. The statement of basic materials. The research has revealed that the share of equity in financial resources of Ukrainian enterprises as of 01.01.2017 is 24,5%. Nowadays the prevailing form of business organization is limited liability companies, which testifies to the favourable legislation of their registration and functioning. Formation of registered capital exclusively from the monetary contributions, cooperation with underwriters, potential investors significantly reduces the costs of such procedure. Domestic legislation provides an opportunity to optimize the amount, form of payment and taxation of dividends, which deceases the cost of equity. Conclusions. The ways of reduction the costs of equity formation were revealed, in particular: association of enterprises; private placement of corporate rights; cooperation with intermediaries; decreasing the level of dividend taxation.
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Vashist, Devika. "Effect of product involvement and brand prominence on advergamers’ brand recall and brand attitude in an emerging market context." Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 30, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjml-01-2016-0014.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of product involvement and brand prominence on advergamers’ brand recall and brand attitude in an emerging market context. Specifically, this research illustrates the conditions under which brand placements in online games create attention, elaboration and subsequent brand recall and brand attitude by drawing the insights from the limited capacity model of attention and the elaboration likelihood model. Design/methodology/approach A 2 (product involvement: low or high) × 2 (brand prominence: prominent or subtle) between-subject measures design is used. In total, 280 students participated in the study. A 2×2 between-subjects MANOVA is used to test the hypotheses. Findings In the context of advergames, for a low-involvement product, a prominent brand placement results in greater brand recall than a subtle brand placement. However, for a high-involvement product, a subtle-placement results in greater brand recall than a prominent brand placement. Further, results reveal that for a low-involvement product, a subtle brand placement results in more favorable brand attitude than a prominent brand placement. For a high-involvement product, a prominent brand placement results in more favorable brand attitude than a subtle brand placement. Research limitations/implications The findings and conclusions are very important for advertising experts in terms of advergame designing, execution and for an operational use of brand placements in advergames. Originality/value This investigation adds to the online advertising literature, specifically the advergames context by examining and analyzing the real-time roles of advergame-specific factor, such as brand prominence and the gamer-specific factor, such as product involvement in creating gamers’ brand recall and brand attitude from attention and elaboration perspectives in an emerging market context like India.
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Hunter, Heather, and Anita Volkert. "Issues and challenges of role-emerging placements." World Federation of Occupational Therapists Bulletin 73, no. 1 (April 8, 2016): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14473828.2016.1162485.
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Fischer, Andrew M., and Adrian Zenz. "The Limits to Buying Stability in Tibet: Tibetan Representation and Preferentiality in China's Contemporary Public Employment System." China Quarterly 234 (December 21, 2017): 527–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741017001710.
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AbstractBased on an entirely unexplored source of data, this paper analyses the evolution of Tibetan representation and preferentiality within public employment recruitment across all Tibetan areas from 2007 to 2015. While recruitment collapsed after the end of the job placement system (fenpei) in the early to mid-2000s, there was a strong increase in public employment recruitment from 2011 onwards. Tibetans were underrepresented within this increase, although not severely, and various implicit practices of preferentiality bolstered such representation, with distinct variations across regions and time. The combination reasserted the predominant role of the state as employer of educated millennials in Tibetan areas to the extent of re-introducing employment guarantees. We refer to this as the innovation of a neo-fenpei system. This new system is most clearly observed in the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) from 2011 to 2016, although it appears to have been abandoned in 2017. One effect of neo-fenpei, in contrast to its predecessor, is that it accentuates university education as a driver of differentiation within emerging urban employment. The evolution of these recruitment practices reflects the complex tensions in Tibetan areas regarding the overarching goal of security and social stability (weiwen) emphasized by the Xi–Li administration, which has maintained systems of minority preferentiality but in a manner that enhances assimilationist trends rather than minority group empowerment.
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Visser, Rien, and Okey Francis Obi. "Automation and Robotics in Forest Harvesting Operations." Croatian journal of forest engineering 42, no. 1 (August 25, 2020): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/crojfe.2021.739.
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Technology development, in terms of both capability and cost-effective integration, is moving at a fast pace. While advanced robotic systems are already commonplace in controlled workspaces such as factories, the use of remote controlled or autonomous machines in more complex environments, such as for forest operations, is in its infancy. There is little doubt autonomous machinery will play an important role in forest operations in the future. Many machine functions already have the support of automation, and the implementation of remote control of the machine where an operator can operate a piece of equipment, typically in clear line-of sight, at least is commonly available. Teleoperation is where the operator works from a virtual environment with live video and audio feedback from the machine. Since teleoperation provides a similar operator experience to working in the machine, it is relatively easy for an operator to use teleoperation. Autonomous systems are defined by being able to perform certain functions without direct control of a human operator. This paper presents opportunities for remote control, teleoperated machines in forest operations and presents examples of existing developments and ideas from both forestry and other industries. It identified the extraction phase of harvesting as the most logical placement of autonomous machines in the near-term. The authors recognise that, as with all emerging technologies and sectors, there is ample scope for differences in opinions as to what will be commercially successful in the future.
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Hawkins, Roger, Richard Towell, and Nives Bazergui. "Universal Grammar and the acquisition of French verb movement by native speakers of English." Second Language Research 9, no. 3 (October 1993): 189–233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765839300900301.
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White (1989) has shown that L1 English-speaking learners of L2 French appear to be more successful in acquiring the postverbal location of French manner and frequency adverbs than L1 French-speaking learners of L2 English are in acquiring the preverbal location of English manner and frequency adverbs. One implication of recent work by Pollock (1989) on the structure of English and French clauses is, however, that the task of acquiring the placement of manner and frequency adverbs should be the same for both sets of learners, because English provides learners with as much positive syntactic evidence for preverbal manner/frequency adverbs as French does for the postverbal location of such adverbs. The problem, then, is to explain why there should be this difference in success. On the basis of a detailed study of the developing intuitions of English-speaking adult learners of L2 French it is suggested in this article that the English-speakers' success is only apparent. Both groups of learners have great difficulty in resetting a parametrized property of the functional category Agr, but the English- speaking learners of French are able to make use of nonparametrized properties of Universal Grammar to handle surface syntactic differences between English and French, properties which are not so readily available to the French-speaking learners of English. It is suggested that this finding is in line with an emerging view about the role of parametrized functional categories in second language acquisition.
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Park, Lara K., Simonetta Friso, and Sang-Woon Choi. "Nutritional influences on epigenetics and age-related disease." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 71, no. 1 (November 4, 2011): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665111003302.
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Nutritional epigenetics has emerged as a novel mechanism underlying gene–diet interactions, further elucidating the modulatory role of nutrition in aging and age-related disease development. Epigenetics is defined as a heritable modification to the DNA that regulates chromosome architecture and modulates gene expression without changes in the underlying bp sequence, ultimately determining phenotype from genotype. DNA methylation and post-translational histone modifications are classical levels of epigenetic regulation. Epigenetic phenomena are critical from embryonic development through the aging process, with aberrations in epigenetic patterns emerging as aetiological mechanisms in many age-related diseases such as cancer, CVD and neurodegenerative disorders. Nutrients can act as the source of epigenetic modifications and can regulate the placement of these modifications. Nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism, namely folate, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, riboflavin, methionine, choline and betaine, are involved in DNA methylation by regulating levels of the universal methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine and methyltransferase inhibitor S-adenosylhomocysteine. Other nutrients and bioactive food components such as retinoic acid, resveratrol, curcumin, sulforaphane and tea polyphenols can modulate epigenetic patterns by altering the levels of S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine or directing the enzymes that catalyse DNA methylation and histone modifications. Aging and age-related diseases are associated with profound changes in epigenetic patterns, though it is not yet known whether these changes are programmatic or stochastic in nature. Future work in this field seeks to characterise the epigenetic pattern of healthy aging to ultimately identify nutritional measures to achieve this pattern.
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Ognjanović, Jasmina, and Marijana Simić. "THE ROLE OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN THE PROCESS OF INNOVATION OF SERVICES." KNOWLEDGE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 30, no. 1 (March 20, 2019): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij3001237o.
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Product or service innovation is an important factor of competitive advantage and achievement of high business results of companies. They have influence on the growth and development of the company, their market position, image among consumers and they are key factor of employee satisfaction. Service innovation includes the improvement of already existing services or create new ones. Thus, wide offer of services, the company gives a stronger impression in the consumer's awareness because sometimes, due to intangibility, consumers do not experience the service in the right way. In literature, knowledge management is often presented as one of the tools for managing innovation development. Innovations are created by creative employees, with their knowledge, skills and experience, so the link between knowledge and innovation creation is evident. The development of innovation is becoming more and more dynamic and shorter, therefore knowledge management plays a central role in this process. The first requirement for the development of innovation is that the company's management must know and analyze the intellectual abilities and skills of employees in order to create a work environment that supports the development of creativity and research activities of employees oriented towards building innovations. Second, the company's management in the process of innovation development engages more resources (technological, financial and physical) and experts from different areas that use these resources. This includes the application and integration of knowledge in the field of market research, marketing, information technologies, knowledge in the field of production and delivery of services, finance. Benefits of successful integration of knowledge management practices in order to create innovations are multiple and relate to the range of services that customers want. In addition, if innovation succeed in the market, it requires an additional investment in the skills of employees which leads to the expansion and enrichment of already existing knowledge and the strengthening of the "stock of knowledge". Strengthening the company through the expansion of knowledge and intellectual property, as a result of the positive impact of knowledge management on the development of innovation, expand the possibilities for companies to invest in new business ventures and emerging in new markets, which can give multiple benefits. The main goal of the paper is to point out the role of knowledge management practice within the various functional levels in service companies that contribute to the development of innovations. Realization main goal of research requires the application of appropriate scientific methods: induction, deduction, analysis, and synthesis. Based on the review of the results of research that has been done so far, it can be concluded that knowledge management mean one systemic approach which include development of appropriate knowledge management practices that govern the development of innovations and influences on their successful placement and launching on the market.
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Doud, Devin F. R., Robert M. Bowers, Frederik Schulz, Markus De Raad, Kai Deng, Angela Tarver, Evan Glasgow, et al. "Function-driven single-cell genomics uncovers cellulose-degrading bacteria from the rare biosphere." ISME Journal 14, no. 3 (November 21, 2019): 659–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-019-0557-y.
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AbstractAssigning a functional role to a microorganism has historically relied on cultivation of isolates or detection of environmental genome-based biomarkers using a posteriori knowledge of function. However, the emerging field of function-driven single-cell genomics aims to expand this paradigm by identifying and capturing individual microbes based on their in situ functions or traits. To identify and characterize yet uncultivated microbial taxa involved in cellulose degradation, we developed and benchmarked a function-driven single-cell screen, which we applied to a microbial community inhabiting the Great Boiling Spring (GBS) Geothermal Field, northwest Nevada. Our approach involved recruiting microbes to fluorescently labeled cellulose particles, and then isolating single microbe-bound particles via fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The microbial community profiles prior to sorting were determined via bulk sample 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The flow-sorted cellulose-bound microbes were subjected to whole genome amplification and shotgun sequencing, followed by phylogenetic placement. Next, putative cellulase genes were identified, expressed and tested for activity against derivatives of cellulose and xylose. Alongside typical cellulose degraders, including members of the Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Chloroflexi, we found divergent cellulases encoded in the genome of a recently described candidate phylum from the rare biosphere, Goldbacteria, and validated their cellulase activity. As this genome represents a species-level organism with novel and phylogenetically distinct cellulolytic activity, we propose the name Candidatus ‘Cellulosimonas argentiregionis’. We expect that this function-driven single-cell approach can be extended to a broad range of substrates, linking microbial taxonomy directly to in situ function.
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Cooper, Rachel, and Rosi Raine. "Role-Emerging Placements are an Essential Risk for the Development of the Occupational Therapy Profession: The Debate." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 72, no. 9 (September 2009): 416–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802260907200910.
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There is an increasing awareness of the use of role-emerging placements within occupational therapy education. A greater number of higher education institutions are recognising the value of their students undertaking at least one of their practice placements within a role-emerging setting. Similarly, students are developing a sense of the depth of the learning experience that can be gained from these placements. However, with these developments are the inevitable challenges, posed to academic staff, students, clinicians, staff within the voluntary sector and the profession as a whole. This opinion piece discusses both the challenges and the opportunities posed by the increasing use of role-emerging placements within the United Kingdom, and whether or not role-emerging placements are actually essential to the development of the profession.
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Depasquale, C., S. Cunningham, A. Boyter, S. A. Jacob, A. Power, J. Portlock, and B. Addison. "Interprofessional education during experiential learning placements for student pharmacists in Scotland. Exploring current support provision and stakeholder views." International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 30, Supplement_2 (November 30, 2022): ii16—ii17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riac089.018.
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Abstract Introduction Increasing global awareness that interprofessional team working is essential within modern healthcare systems has led to regulatory bodies mandating the inclusion of interprofessional education (IPE) within undergraduate curricula. The General Pharmaceutical Council specifies in the 2021 initial education and training standards the requirement for an interprofessional learning plan in which “IPE must mirror practice”.1 Pharmacy educators are intensifying their efforts to ensure student pharmacists are presented with opportunities to develop collaborative competencies. Curricular development and implementation initiatives must explore structures and processes to ensure that experiential learning (EL) environments are conducive to supporting student pharmacists’ interprofessional learning. Aim To explore structures and processes needed to support effective planned and unplanned IPE during EL placements for student pharmacists. Methods A mixed methods approach underpinned by the Biggs 3P theoretical framework was adopted.2 This included (1) A document analysis reviewing resources including student pharmacist/EL facilitator university handbooks and NHS Education for Scotland Preparation for Facilitating Experiential Learning (PFEL) training - a mandatory requirement for all EL facilitators hosting student pharmacists on placement in Scotland. (2) A pre-piloted online survey distributed to EL facilitators. Survey development, guided by the Interprofessional Facilitation Scale, aimed to encourage EL facilitators to self-evaluate their own IPE facilitation skills.3 The final survey tool included ten items with responses rated on a 4-point Likert scale (Poor, Fair, Good and Excellent) and a demographic section (3) Online semi-structured focus groups/dyadic interviews conducted with six EL facilitators, four practice educators and two academic staff were recorded and transcribed. Descriptive statistics were employed for quantitative data generated from the survey tool; for qualitative data content analysis was applied to develop emerging themes. Ethical approval was granted (S292) from the School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Ethics Review Committee at Robert Gordon University. Results (1) The document analysis concluded that although the resources reviewed could not be specifically classed as training to support IPE, data collected provided context to EL placements and the training and pre-activities that student pharmacists and EL facilitators complete. Three main themes emerged: “Lack of specific IPE training focus”, “Varied terminology”, “Lack of IPE pre-learning activities”. (2) The survey was completed by ninety EL facilitators working in various practice settings: hospital 41.1% (n=37); primary care 25.6% (n=23); community 21.1% (n=19); academia 2.2% (n=2); other 8.9% (n=8). Survey responses indicated that 51.1% (n=46) and 42.2% (n=38) of respondents rated their ability to role model positive interactions with other healthcare professionals as good and excellent. However, responses to items relating more specifically to IPE facilitation skills indicated a lower confidence level. (3) Initial themes emerging from focus groups/dyadic interviews include “Profession-related perceptions of IPE”, “Factors influencing IPE delivery and student learning”, “Factors influencing future developments”. Discussion/Conclusion This exploratory study has provided valuable insight into multifactorial aspects affecting IPE during EL placements; this will be used to guide future development of IPE initiatives. One limitation is that student pharmacists were not included in this study; the next phase of this research programme will explore student pharmacists’ perceptions of IPE in EL. References 1. General Pharmaceutical Council. Standards for the initial education and training of pharmacists. [homepage on the Internet]. London: GPhC; 2021. Available from: https://www.pharmacyregulation.org/sites/default/files/document/standards-for-the-initial-education-and-training-of-pharmacists-january-2021.pdf 2. Biggs, J.B. From Theory to Practice: A Cognitive Systems Approach. High Educ Res Dev, 1993, 12(1), 73-85 3. Sargeant J., Hill T., Breau L. Development and testing of a scale to assess interprofessional education (IPE) facilitation skills. J Cont Educ Health Prof, 2010, 30(2), 126-131
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Kyte, Rachel, Helen Frank, and Yvonne Thomas. "Physiotherapy Students’ Experiences of Role-Emerging Placements: A Qualitative Study." International Journal of Practice-based Learning in Health and Social Care 6, no. 2 (November 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18552/ijpblhsc.v6i2.505.
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