Relevant bibliographies by topics / Rod in Cross-Flow

Academic literature on the topic 'Rod in Cross-Flow'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Rod in Cross-Flow"

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Tian, W. X., K. Zhang, Y. D. Hou, Y. P. Zhang, S. Z. Qiu, and G. H. Su. "Hydrodynamics of two-phase flow in a rod bundle under cross-flow condition." Annals of Nuclear Energy 91 (May 2016): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2016.01.025.

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IWAMURA, Takamichi, Hiromichi ADACHI, and Makoto SOBAJIMA. "Air-Water Two-Phase Cross Flow Resistance in Rod Bundle." Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 23, no. 7 (July 1986): 658–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18811248.1986.9735034.

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Upnere, Sabine, Normunds Jekabsons, Sergejs Dementjevs, and Michael Wohlmuther. "Experimental studies of a single flexibly-mounted rod in a triangular rod bundle in cross-flow." MATEC Web of Conferences 148 (2018): 09002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814809002.

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Experiments on flow-induced vibrations using a closely-packed triangular rod array with a pitch-todiameter ratio of 1.1 in water cross-flow was carried out at Paul Scherrer Institute. The bundle consists of 21 row of five rods in each one. Single flexibly-mounted test rod (TR) is in the fourth row in an otherwise fixed array. The test rod can freely move in the transverse and in-line direction. Two accelerometer sensors were attached at both ends of the TR to measure the rod response on the fluid flow. The effect of flow rate on the stability of the flexibly-mounted TR has been analysed. During experiments, it reveals a set of conditions and tendencies for the flow-induced vibration in the closely-packed multi-rod system.
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OSAKABE, Masahiro. "Pressure Loss of Single-Phase Slanting Cross Flow in Rod Bundle." Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 24, no. 6 (June 1987): 498–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18811248.1987.9735835.

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Zhang, Weizhong, Hiroyuki Yoshida, Yasuo Ose, Akira Ohnuki, Hajime Akimoto, Akitoshi Hotta, and Ken Fujimura. "ICONE15-10082 NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF CROSS FLOW PHENOMENA IN A TIGHT-LATTICE ROD BUNDLE USING ADVANCED INTERFACE TRACKING METHOD." Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE) 2007.15 (2007): _ICONE1510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicone.2007.15._icone1510_35.

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ZHANG, Weizhong, Hiroyuki YOSHIDA, Yasuo OSE, Akira OHNUKI, and Hajime AKIMOTO. "0612 Statistical Evaluation of Cross Flow in a Tight-lattice Rod Bundle." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2007.3 (2007): 145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2007.3.0_145.

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Osakabe, M., and H. Futamata. "Effect of inserted rod and cross flow on top flooding of pipe." International Journal of Multiphase Flow 22, no. 5 (September 1996): 883–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-9322(96)00032-8.

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Pakhomov, A. A., E. A. Khodyakov, V. S. Bocharnikov, V. G. Grin, N. A. Kolobanova, and E. S. Vorontsova. "Theoretical substantiation of the principle of operation of the rod flow meter of irrigation canals." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 965, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/965/1/012006.

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Abstract The paper presents a theoretical substantiation of the developed design of a rod flow meter for open canals of irrigation systems. The design features of the lattice elements are revealed, the methods of their hydraulic calculation are given. It was found that the lattices were not used as sensitive elements for measuring water flow rates. A feature of the hydraulic calculation of lattice elements is that it is necessary to take into account the following pressure losses: from the degree of restriction of the living section of the flow, from the ratio of the rod width to the size of the gap, from the rod width, from the rod thickness, from the shape of the cross section of the rod. The operability of the proposed flow meter is theoretically substantiated. It is found that with a significant change in the angle α of the lattice deviation, the degree of tension of the elastic element (angle β) increases by 1-3% from the nominal position. An analytical dependence for determining the value of the hydrodynamic pressure is also obtained.
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HIGUCHI, Tatsuya, Shinji MATSUNAGA, Michio SADATOMI, and Akimaro KAWAHARA. "F42 Two-Phase Diversion Cross-Flow between Triangle Tight Lattice Rod Bundle Subchannels." Proceedings of Conference of Kyushu Branch 2007.60 (2007): 219–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekyushu.2007.60.219.

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MORI, Naoki, Syouhei KIYOSAKI, Akimaro KAWAHARA, and Michio SADATOMI. "2622 Study on Diversion Cross-Flow in a Channel Simplifying BWR Rod Bundle." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2006.3 (2006): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2006.3.0_1.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rod in Cross-Flow"

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Hu, Chih-Chieh. "Mechanistic modeling of evaporating thin liquid film instability on a bwr fuel rod with parallel and cross vapor flow." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28148.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Abdel-Khalik, Said; Committee Member: Ammar, Mostafa H.; Committee Member: Ghiaasiaan, S. Mostafa; Committee Member: Hertel, Nolan E.; Committee Member: Liu, Yingjie.
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MARTINEZ, MARIANO ALVARO MIGUEL. "Cavity Flows Control by High Frequency Forcing." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2496949.

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In the surfaces of vehicles, such as airplanes, cars and trains, open cavities are an important source of aerodynamically generated noise, drag increase, and dangerous pressure fluctuations. Many different methods have been tested to suppress these undesired effects; some of them reached a partial success. In general, it can be seen that methods which are simple, economic and easy to apply achieve an effect that is restricted to a small operational range, while those which offer a wider operational range are complex and expensive. It has been recently discovered that exciting the flow at high frequencies it is possible to suppress or weaken the undesired effects in a wide range of flow conditions. Additionally, this forcing can be generated by a simple Von Karman wake. In this way both advantages, simplicity and a wide operational range, can be achieved at the same time. The physical mechanisms leading to cavity flow control by high frequency forcing is not well understood yet. The author of this thesis intends to offer a contribution toward a physical explanation for them, based on the analysis of data acquired with the Time Resolved PIV technique.
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Grundmann, Ulrich, Ulrich Rohde, Siegfried Mittag, and Sören Kliem. "DYN3D version 3.2 - code for calculation of transients in light water reactors (LWR) with hexagonal or quadratic fuel elements - description of models and methods -." Forschungszentrum Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-28604.

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DYN3D is an best estimate advanced code for the three-dimensional simulation of steady-states and transients in light water reactor cores with quadratic and hexagonal fuel assemblies. Burnup and poison-dynamic calculations can be performed. For the investigation of wide range transients, DYN3D is coupled with system codes as ATHLET and RELAP5. The neutron kinetic model is based on the solution of the three-dimensional two-group neutron diffusion equation by nodal expansion methods. The thermal-hydraulics comprises a one- or two-phase coolant flow model on the basis of four differential balance equations for mass, energy and momentum of the two-phase mixture and the mass balance for the vapour phase. Various cross section libraries are linked with DYN3D. Systematic code validation is performed by FZR and independent organizations.
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Grundmann, Ulrich, Ulrich Rohde, Siegfried Mittag, and Sören Kliem. "DYN3D version 3.2 - code for calculation of transients in light water reactors (LWR) with hexagonal or quadratic fuel elements - description of models and methods -." Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, 2005. https://hzdr.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21687.

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DYN3D is an best estimate advanced code for the three-dimensional simulation of steady-states and transients in light water reactor cores with quadratic and hexagonal fuel assemblies. Burnup and poison-dynamic calculations can be performed. For the investigation of wide range transients, DYN3D is coupled with system codes as ATHLET and RELAP5. The neutron kinetic model is based on the solution of the three-dimensional two-group neutron diffusion equation by nodal expansion methods. The thermal-hydraulics comprises a one- or two-phase coolant flow model on the basis of four differential balance equations for mass, energy and momentum of the two-phase mixture and the mass balance for the vapour phase. Various cross section libraries are linked with DYN3D. Systematic code validation is performed by FZR and independent organizations.
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Mullarkey, Seamus Paul. "Aerodynamic stability of road vehicles in side winds and gusts." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8683.

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Satheesh, Sukruth. "Hydrodynamics of flat plates in cross-flow near the free surface." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667080.

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Aquesta tesi presenta els resultats d'un estudi realitzat per comprendre l'efecte de la superfície lliure sobre les forces generades per una placa plana que es mou en un fluid estacionari, de manera que la superfície de la placa és perpendicular a la direcció d’empenta. El treball es basa en un estudi paramètric que inclou la relació d'aspecte, el nombre de Reynolds i la profunditat d'immersió mesurada com la distància entre la superfície lliure i la vora superior de la placa. S'han utilitzat mesures de força i tècniques de visualització quantitativa de flux. S'ha demostrat que les forces d'arrossegament augmenten bruscament just sota de la superfície lliure, essent l'augment més destacat en les plaques de baixa relació d'aspecte. L'augment abrupte en el coeficient d'arrossegament es deu a l'existència del flux que apareix entre la placa i la superfície lliure i que resulta en la formació d'una zona de recirculació prop de la base de la placa. En general, les tendències són independents del número de Reynolds, excepte quan les relacions d'aspecte estan en el rang de 0,75 a 1,33, amb la placa a prop de la superfície lliure. Sukruth Satheesh A més, s'han investigat dues configuracions de plaques diferents. En primer lloc, plaques rígides amb porositat en diferents ubicacions i, en segon lloc, flexibilitat estructural. Ambdós conceptes han resultat en una reducció significativa del coeficient d'arrossegament, especialment a prop de la superfície lliure. S'ha demostrat que el mecanisme de reducció d'arrossegament en models porosos es deu a la interacció entre els dolls formats en els orificis, les capes de cisalla i el flux que apareix entre la placa i la superfície lliure. Amb flexibilitat estructural, la reconfiguració de la plaça implica la reducció de l'arrossegament.
Esta tesis presenta los resultados de un estudio realizado para comprender el efecto de la superficie libre sobre las fuerzas generadas por una placa plana que se mueve en el seno de un fluido estacionario, de manera que la superficie de la placa es perpendicular a la dirección de empuje. El trabajo se basa en un estudio paramétrico que incluye la relación de aspecto, el número de Reynolds y la profundidad de inmersión medida como la distancia entre la superficie libre y el borde superior de la placa. Se han usado medidas de fuerza y técnicas de visualización cuantitativa de flujo. Se ha demostrado que las fuerzas de arrastre aumentan bruscamente justo debajo de la superficie libre, siendo el aumento más prominente en las placas de baja relación de aspecto. El aumento abrupto en el coeficiente de arrastre se debe a la existencia de un flujo encauzado entre la placa y la superficie libre que resulta en la formación de una zona de recirculación cerca de la base de la placa. En general, las tendencias son independientes del número de Reynolds, excepto cuando las relaciones de aspecto están en el rango de 0.75 a 1.33, con la placa cerca de la superficie libre. Además, se han investigado dos configuraciones de placa diferentes. Primero, placas rígidas con porosidad en distintas ubicaciones y, en segundo lugar, flexibilidad estructural. Ambos conceptos han resultado en una reducción significativa del coeficiente de arrastre, especialmente cerca de la superficie libre. Se ha demostrado que el mecanismo de reducción de arrastre en modelos porosos se debe a la interacción entre los chorros formados en los orificios, las capas de cizalladura y el flujo que aparece entre la placa y la superficie libre. Con flexibilidad estructural, la reconfiguración de la placa implica la reducción del arrastre.
This thesis presents the results of a study conducted to understand the effect of free surface on forces generated by a flat plate being towed in a quiescent fluid, with the plate surface being normal to the towing direction. The work is based on a parametric study involving aspect ratio, Reynolds number and submergence depth, with the depth always being measured as the distance between free surface and the upper edge of the plate. Force and quantitative flow visualization techniques have been employed to understand the flow physics. It was found that the drag increases abruptly prior subsiding with increasing submergence depth, with this jump in drag being more prominent in low aspect ratio plates. The abrupt rise in the drag is due to the existence of a gap-flow at the free surface resulting in the formation of a recirculating flow in close proximity to the base region of plate. Overall, the trends are Reynolds number independent, except when the aspect ratios are in the range from 0.75 to 1.33, and the plate was near the free surface. Furthermore, two different plate configurations have been investigated. First, rigid plates with porosity at distinct locations and secondly structural flexibility. Both concepts have resulted in significant drag reduction, especially near the free surface. The mechanism of drag reduction for porous models has been shown to be due to the interaction between the jets formed at the holes, the shear layers and the gap-flow. With structural flexibility, reconfiguration leads to drag reduction.
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Pitts, Katie Lynn. "Rheological and Velocity Profile Measurements of Blood in Microflow Using Micro-particle Image Velocimetry." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24038.

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Microhemodynamics is the study of blood flow in small vessels, usually on the order of 50 to 100 µm. The in vitro study of blood flow in small channels is analogous to the in vivo study of the microcirculation. At this scale the Reynolds and Womersly numbers are significantly less than 1 and the viscous stress and pressure gradient are the main determinant of flow. Blood is a non-homogeneous, non-Newtonian fluid and this complex composition and behavior has a greater impact at the microscale. A key parameter is the shear stress at the wall, which is involved in many processes such as platelet activation, gas exchange, embryogenesis and angiogenesis. In order to measure the shear rate in these blood flows the velocity profile must be measured. The measured profile can be characterized by the maximum velocity, the flow rate, the shear rate at the wall, or a shape parameter reflecting the bluntness of the velocity profile. The technique of micro-particle image velocimetry (µPIV) was investigated to measure the velocity profiles of blood microflows. The material of the channel, the type of tracer particles, the camera used, and the choice in data processing were all validated to improve the overall accuracy of µPIV as a blood microflow measurement method. The knowledge gained through these experiments is of immediate interest to applications such as the design of lab-on-a-chip components for blood analysis, analysis of blood flow behavior, understanding the shear stress on blood in the microcirculation and blood substitute analysis. Polymer channels were fabricated from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) by soft lithography in a clean room. PDMS was chosen for ease of fabrication and biocompatibility. The contacting properties of saline, water, and blood with various polymer channel materials was measured. As PDMS is naturally hydrophilic, surface treatment options were explored. Oxygenated plasma treatment was found to be less beneficial for blood than for water. The choice of camera and tracer particles were validated. Generally, for in vivo studies, red blood cells (RBCs) are used as tracer particles for the µPIV method, while for in vitro studies, artificial fluorescent micro particles are added to the blood. It is demonstrated here that the use of RBCs as tracer particles creates a large depth of correlation (DOC), which can approach the size of vessel itself and decreases the accuracy of the method. Next, the accuracy of each method is compared directly. Pulsed images used in conjunction with fluorescing tracer particles are shown to give results closest to theoretical approximations. The effect of the various post-processing methods currently available were compared for accuracy and computation time. It was shown that changing the amount of overlap in the post-processing parameters affects the results by nearly 10%. Using the greatest amount of correlation window overlap with elongated windows aligned with the flow was shown to give the best results when coupled with a image pre-processing method previously published for microflows of water. Finally the developed method was applied to a relevant biomedical engineering problem: the evaluation of blood substitutes and blood viscosity modifiers. Alginate is a frequently used viscosity modifier which has many uses in industry, including biomedical applications. Here the effect of alginate on the blood rheology, i.e., the shape of the velocity profile and the maximum velocity of blood flow in microchannels, was investigated. Alginate was found to blunt the shape of the velocity profile while also decreasing the shear rate at the wall. Overall, the accuracy of µPIV measurements of blood flows has been improved by this thesis. The work presented here has extended the known methods and accuracy issues of blood flow measurements in µPIV, improved the understanding of the blood velocity profile behavior, and applied that knowledge and methods to interesting, relevant problems in biomedical and biofluids engineering.
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Pfeiffer, Jens [Verfasser], Rudibert [Akademischer Betreuer] King, Rudibert [Gutachter] King, and David R. [Gutachter] Williams. "Closed-loop active flow control for road vehicles under unsteady cross-wind conditions / Jens Pfeiffer ; Gutachter: Rudibert King, David R. Williams ; Betreuer: Rudibert King." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1156178738/34.

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Browde, Kate. "Indication for and outcomes of continuous Positive Airways Pressure (CPAP) and High Flow Nasal Cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in children admitted to Red Cross War Memorial's Hospital (RCWMCH) excluding those with primary respiratory aetiologies." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25195.

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Aim: Noninvasive Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (nCPAP) and High Flow Nasal Cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) are non-invasive ventilation (NIV) modalities appropriate for children in developing countries. There is minimal literature describing nCPAP and HFNC use in children with respiratory compromise secondary to non-pulmonary disease. This study aimed to describe the characteristics and outcomes of all children without primary lung pathology, who received nCPAP and HFNC during their admission to Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa. Methods: This was a prospective observational study of routinely collected data, between August 2015 and January 2016. Primary and secondary outcome measures were NIV failure (progression to intubation and invasive ventilation) and Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) admission respectively. Comparative statistics were conducted using Mann-Whitney U tests. Data significantly associated with the primary and secondary outcomes on univariate analysis were entered into backward stepwise logistic regression models to determine independent predictive factors. Results: There were 31 cases of nCPAP and one case of HFNC use in 31 patients (median (IQR) age 3.5 (1.8 – 7.6) months. The majority (n=23; 71.9%) presented with primary diarrhoeal disease. There were two deaths (6.5%), 17 (53.1%) Paediatric Intensive Care (PICU) admissions, and five (15.6%) cases received invasive ventilation (NIV failure). Median (IQR) duration of hospital stay was 11.50 (6.0 – 17.5) days. Patients who failed NIV had lower admission SaO2 than those without treatment failure (95 (95-99)% vs 100 (100-100)%; p = 0.03). On multiple logistic regression, lower temperature (OR 0.19; 95% CI 0.05 – 0.78; p = 0.02) and receiving inotropes in the emergency setting, (OR 23.05; 95% CI 1.64 – 325.06; p = 0.02) were independently associated with PICU admission. Conclusions: nCPAP is used clinically for the management of children with respiratory compromise secondary to non-pulmonary illnesses, particularly diarrhoeal disease. Larger controlled clinical studies are needed to determine the effectiveness and utility of nCPAP in this population. HFNC was not commonly used, and this modality requires further investigation in this population.
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Zamboni, P., E. Menegatti, P. Conforti, Simon J. Shepherd, M. Tessari, and Clive B. Beggs. "Assessment of cerebral venous return by a novel plethysmography method." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6249.

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BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging and echo color Doppler (ECD) scan techniques do not accurately assess the cerebral venous return. This generated considerable scientific controversy linked with the diagnosis of a vascular syndrome known as chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) characterized by restricted venous outflow from the brain. The purpose of this study was to assess the cerebral venous return in relation to the change in position by means of a novel cervical plethysmography method. METHODS: This was a single-center, cross-sectional, blinded case-control study conducted at the Vascular Diseases Center, University of Ferrara, Italy. The study involved 40 healthy controls (HCs; 18 women and 22 men) with a mean age of 41.5 +/- 14.4 years, and 44 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS; 25 women and 19 men) with a mean age of 41.0 +/- 12.1 years. All participants were previously scanned using ECD sonography, and further subset in HC (CCSVI negative at ECD) and CCSVI groups. Subjects blindly underwent cervical plethysmography, tipping them from the upright (90 degrees ) to supine position (0 degrees ) in a chair. Once the blood volume stabilized, they were returned to the upright position, allowing blood to drain from the neck. We measured venous volume (VV), filling time (FT), filling gradient (FG) required to achieve 90% of VV, residual volume (RV), emptying time (ET), and emptying gradient (EG) required to achieve 90% of emptying volume (EV) where EV = VV - RV, also analyzing the considered parameters by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and principal component mathematical analysis. RESULTS: The rate at which venous blood discharged in the vertical position (EG) was significantly faster in the controls (2.73 mL/second +/- 1.63) compared with the patients with CCSVI (1.73 mL/second +/- 0.94; P = .001). In addition, respectively, in controls and in patients with CCSVI, the following parameters were highly significantly different: FT 5.81 +/- 1.99 seconds vs 4.45 +/- 2.16 seconds (P = .003); FG 0.92 +/- 0.45 mL/second vs 1.50 +/- 0.85 mL/second (P < .001); RV 0.54 +/- 1.31 mL vs 1.37 +/- 1.34 mL (P = .005); ET 1.84 +/- 0.54 seconds vs 2.66 +/- 0.95 seconds (P < .001). Mathematical analysis demonstrated a higher variability of the dynamic process of cerebral venous return in CCSVI. Finally, ROC analysis demonstrated a good sensitivity of the proposed test with a percent concordant 83.8, discordant 16.0, tied 0.2 (C = 0.839). CONCLUSIONS: Cerebral venous return characteristics of the patients with CCSVI were markedly different from those of the controls. In addition, our results suggest that cervical plethysmography has great potential as an inexpensive screening device and as a postoperative monitoring tool.
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Books on the topic "Rod in Cross-Flow"

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Hung, Eva P. W., and Tak-Wing Ngo, eds. Shadow Exchanges along the New Silk Roads. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462988934.

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Long before China promulgated the official One Belt One Road initiatives, vast networks of cross-border exchanges already existed across Asia and Eurasia. The dynamics of such trade and resource flows have largely been outside state control, and are pushed to the realm of the shadow economy. The official initiative is a state-driven attempt to enhance the orderly flow of resources across countries along the Belt and Road, hence extending the reach of the states to the shadow economies. This volume offers a bottom-up view of the transborder informal exchanges across Asia and Eurasia, and analyses its clash and mesh with the state-orchestrated Belt and Road cooperation. By undertaking a comparative study of country cases along the new silk roads, the book underlines the intended and unintended consequences of such competing routes of connectivity on the socio-economic conditions of local communities.
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Book chapters on the topic "Rod in Cross-Flow"

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Kampa, Eleftheria. "Policy Framework for Hydropower Mitigation." In Novel Developments for Sustainable Hydropower, 1–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99138-8_1.

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AbstractHydropower is at the cross-road of different policies on renewable energy, climate change, water and nature. Knowledge of current policies and regulations at different levels is crucial for understanding the framework conditions for more sustainable hydropower. This chapter examines the role of policy in planning and implementing mitigation actions for European hydropower. The overarching framework is set by European Union legislation in particular the Water Framework Directive, EU policies on nature/biodiversity and the EU agenda for energy and climate. All these different policies should be taken into account in a balanced way considering synergies and trade-offs. EU policies are complemented by national legislation that sets the regulatory framework for hydropower mitigation measures in each country. The impacts of hydropower for which mitigation is most commonly required by legislation are the disruption of upstream fish migration and the modification of flow conditions. Supported by a policy analysis of eight European countries, this chapter shows that recent changes in environmental legislation and societal pressure have reduced permit duration for hydropower plants. Further, the Water Framework Directive and national policy revisions have triggered modifications in authorisation procedures for hydropower at the benefit of implementing mitigation measures.
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"The optimal hydraulic cross-section design of the ‘‘Trapezoid-V’’ shaped drainage canal of debris flow." In Landslides and Engineered Slopes. From the Past to the Future, Two Volumes + CD-ROM, 2023–28. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203885284-287.

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"The optimal hydraulic cross-section design of the "Trapezoid-V" shaped drainage canal of debris flow." In Landslides and Engineered Slopes. From the Past to the Future, Two Volumes + CD-ROM, 2045–48. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203885284-291.

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"Design and construction of a tunnel using the technology for controlling muck flow in the cutting chamber of an earth pressure balance shield of large cross section." In Underground Space - The 4th Dimension of Metropolises, Three Volume Set +CD-ROM, 455–62. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/noe0415408073-49.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rod in Cross-Flow"

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Gad-el-Hak, Ibrahim, Njuki Mureithi, Kostas Karazis, and Gary Williams. "Experimental Investigation of Jet Cross-Flow Induced Vibration of a Rod Bundle." In ASME 2021 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2021-65000.

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Abstract Flow-induced vibration (FIV) is a constant concern in nuclear power plants. Demand for better thermal performance challenges the mechanical and flow characteristics of fuel designs. In the hypothetical case of a loss of coolant (LOCA) event in a reactor, the hydrodynamic pressure would increase significantly across the baffle plates. PWRs include safety features such as Loss-of-Coolant-Accident (LOCA) holes and slots in the core periphery baffles surrounding the fuel assemblies to release the pressure build up during a LOCA event. Accordingly, these fuel assemblies are subjected to combined axial and jet cross-flow at certain axial locations along their spans due to their proximity to the LOCA holes. The jet flow could induce vibrations for fuel assemblies located near LOCA holes, which might lead to grid-to-rod fretting and thus potential fuel failure. Research on circular jet induced vibrations of rod bundles is limited. Thus, it is required to investigate the dynamical behavior of rod bundle subjected to jet flow to define the critical velocity at which the fuel rods may undergo instability. This article presents an experimental study of jet flow induced vibrations for a 6 × 6 closely packed normal square rod bundle with a pitch-to-diameter ratio of 1.32 simulating the actual PWR fuel rod dimensions. A specialized test apparatus was designed to investigate the stability effect of jet centerline offset from array centerline (jet eccentricity). From the test results the instability threshold of the rod bundle subjected to jet cross-flow is determined. The results show that the rod array vibration is affected by the jet eccentricity. Two excitation mechanisms are identified. The first is an apparent lock-in type mechanism that maybe related to shear layer or jet oscillation. The second, more important excitation, is an apparent fluidelastic instability induced by the jet flow.
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Liu, Di, Wenxi Tian, Suizheng Qiu, and G. H. Su. "CFD Analysis of Cross Flow in Rod Bundles Under Rolling Motion." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60375.

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A CFD analysis of cross flow in rod bundles in rolling motion was performed to investigate the effect of rolling motion on the flow behavior between the subchannels. The rolling motion was assumed as a sinusoid. The additional forces due to the rolling motion including azimuthal force, centrifugal force and coriolis force were added into the source term in the momentum equation. A transient three dimensional simulation of square rod bundles model was performed in various rolling conditions. In order to precisely predict secondary flow patterns in rod bundles, Reynolds Stress Model was selected as the turbulent model. Effect of various rolling parameters such as rolling velocity and amplitude on the cross mixing was investigated. The results show that cross flow is strongly affected by the rolling motion. The local cross flow field in rolling motion was showed in detail. Also, the mixing coefficients based on CFD results were calculated. Empirical correlations of turbulent mixing were modified to consider the effect of rolling conditions, which can be used in the traditional subchannel thermal hydraulic code.
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Noufal, Rasha, Mohammed Alziadeh, and Atef Mohany. "Control of Vortex Shedding and Acoustic Resonance of a Circular Cylinder in Cross-Flow." In ASME 2022 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2022-84907.

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Abstract This paper presents an experimental study of the aeroacoustics response from a circular cylinder in cross-flow with a control rod. The effectiveness of the control rod on suppressing acoustic resonance excitation is investigated. The control rod diameter-to-circular cylinder diameter ratio (d/D) is fixed at 0.21. The gap (G) between the circular cylinder and the control rod is taken at 0.11D. The rod is placed at several angular positions, which varied from 0° (front stagnation of the main cylinder) to 180° (base of the main cylinder). Phase-locked particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements are performed during acoustic resonance to visualize the coherent vortex structures downstream of the cylinders. The results show that the placement of the control rod significantly influences the Strouhal periodicity with great dependence on the rod’s angular orientation. Moreover, at some angular positions, the existence of the rod has resulted in a reduction of the sound pressure level (SPL) generated during acoustic resonance excitation. However, at other angular positions, the rod has resulted in a stronger resonance excitation. This behavior is due to the profound effect of the control rod’s angular position on the formation of vortex cores during acoustic resonance. A brief summary of the results is presented herein.
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Zhang, Weizhong, Hiroyuki Yoshida, and Kazuyuki Takase. "Two-Phase Cross Flow Between Subchannels in a Tight-Lattice Rod Bundle." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75383.

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In relation to the thermal-hydraulic design of an innovative Flexible-fuel-cycle Water Reactor (FLWR), this study investigates inter-subchannel cross flow phenomena in a tight-lattice rod bundle. Numerical simulations of cross flow using advance interface tracking method were performed and the results were analyzed by a statistical method to clarify the characteristics of inter-subchannel two phase cross flow in the FLWR reactor core. It was revealed that strong correlation exists between differential pressure and gas/liquid mixing coefficients, and cross flow results mechanistically from differential pressure between subchannels. An approximate model is presented which permits the prediction in detail of the components of the inter-subchannel fluctuation differential pressure. The instantaneous fluctuation of differential pressure between two subchannels in gas-liquid slug flow regime is deemed as a result of the intermittent nature of slug flow in each subchannel. The model is based on the detailed numerical simulation results that pressure drop occurs mainly in liquid slug region and in the bubble region it is negligibly small. The instantaneous fluctuation of differential pressure is associated with pressure gradient in the liquid slug for each channel. In addition to a hydrostatic gradient, acceleration and frictional gradients are taken into account to predict pressure gradient in the liquid slug. This model used in conjunction with the numerical simulation code works satisfactorily to reproduce numerical simulation results for instantaneous fluctuation of differential pressure between two modeled subchannels.
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Arai, Takahiro, Masahiro Furuya, Taizo Kanai, Kenetsu Shirakara, and Yoshihisa Nishi. "Development of a Multi-Dimensional Measurement Sensor of Void Fraction and Phasic Velocity for Boiling Two-Phase Flow in a 5×5 Heated Rod Bundle." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30161.

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A subchannel void sensor (SCVS) was developed to measure the cross-sectional distribution of a void fraction in a 5×5 heated rod bundle with o.d. 10 mm and heated length 2000 mm, and applied in a boiling two-phase flow experiment under the atmospheric conditions assumed in an accident and spent fuel pool. The SCVS comprises 6-wire by 6-wire and 5-rod by 5-rod electrodes. Wire electrodes 0.2 mm in diameter are arranged in latticed patterns between the rod bundle, while a conductance value in a region near one wire and another gives a local void fraction in the central-subchannel region. 32 points (= 6×6−4) of the local void fraction can be obtained as a cross-sectional distribution. In addition, a local void fraction near the rod surface can be estimated by a conductance value in a region near one wire and one rod using the simulated fuel rods as rod electrodes, which allows 100 additional points (=4×25) of the local void fraction to be acquired. The devised sensors are installed at five height levels to acquire two-phase flow dynamics in an axial direction. A pair of SCVS is mounted at each level and placed 30 mm apart to estimate the one-dimensional phasic velocity distribution based on the cross-correlation analysis of both layers. The time resolution of void measurement exceeds 800 frames (cross-sections) per second. The heated rod bundle has an axially and radially uniform power profile, and eight pairs of sheath thermocouples are embedded on the heated rod to monitor its surface temperature distribution. The boiling two-phase flow experiment, which simulated a boil-off process, was conducted with the devised SCVS and experimental data was acquired under various experimental conditions, such as inlet-flow velocity, rod-bundle power and inlet subcooling. The experimental results exhibited axial and radial distribution of two-phase flow structures, i.e. void-fraction and phasic-velocity distributions quantitatively.
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Takiguchi, Hiroki, Masahiro Furuya, Takahiro Arai, and Kenetsu Shirakawa. "Transient Boiling and Cross Flow in 5×5 Rod Bundle With Rapid Heating." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-81496.

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Rapid thermal elevation in nuclear reactor is an important factor for nuclear safety. It is indispensable to develop a three-dimensional nuclear thermal transient analysis code and confirm its validity in order to accurately evaluate the effectiveness of the running nuclear safety measures when heating power of reactor core rapidly rises. However, the heat transfer characteristics such as reactivity feedback characteristics due to moderator density and the technical knowledge explaining the uncertainty are insufficient. In particular, the cross propagation behavior of vapor bubble (void) in cross section of fuel assembly is not grasped. This study evaluates the cross propagation void behavior in a simulated fuel assembly at time of rapid heat generation with a thermal hydraulic test loop including a 5 × 5 rod bundle having the heat generation profile in the flow cross sectional direction. In this paper, the branching heat output condition of transient cross propagation was investigated from visualization of high speed video camera and void fraction measurement by wire mesh sensor with the inlet flow rate 0.3m/s and the inlet coolant temperature 40°C, which are based on the transient safety analysis condition. In addition, we applied the particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) technique to measure liquid-phase velocity profile of the coolant in the transient cross flow and experimentally clarified the relationship with the cross flow.
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Zhang, Weizhong, Hiroyuki Yoshida, and Kazuyuki Takase. "Modelling of Pressure Fluctuation With Cross Flow in a Tight-Lattice Rod Bundle." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48589.

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An approximate model is presented which permits the prediction in detail of the unsteady differential pressure fluctuation behavior between subchannels in the nuclear reactor core. The instantaneous fluctuation of differential pressure between two subchannels in gas-liquid slug flow regime is deemed as a result of the intermittent nature slug flow in each subchannel. The model is based on the detailed numerical simulation result of two-phase flow that pressure drop occurs mainly in liquid slug region and in the bubble region it is negligibly small. The instantaneous fluctuation of differential pressure between the two subchannels is associated with pressure gradient in the liquid slug for each channel. In addition to a hydrostatic gradient, acceleration and frictional gradients are taken into account to predict pressure gradient in the liquid slug. This model temporarily used in conjunction with the numerical simulation code works satisfactorily to reproduce numerical simulation results for instantaneous fluctuation of differential pressure between two modeled subchannels.
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Inada, Fumio, Takashi Nishihara, and Jun Mizutani. "Fluid-Elastic Vibration of Cross-Shaped Tube Bundle in Mixed Cross and Parallel Flow: Measurement of Gap Flow Velocity and Vibration Characteristics." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93900.

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A cross-shaped control rod guide tube bundle is proposed for the lower plenum structure in the next-generation LWR, ABWR-II. In our previous studies, we measured the local fluid excitation forces acting on a cross-shaped tube bundle as well as the self-excited vibration characteristics in pure cross flow in water tunnel tests. In the reactor conditions, the flow field around the tube bundles contains mixed cross and parallel flow components. In this study, water tunnel tests under mixed cross and parallel flow conditions were preformed to understand the influence of the balance of parallel and cross flow components on vibration response. The distributions of the flow direction and flow velocity in the gap between the adjacent tubes were measured with circular Pilot tubes in detail. It was found that the critical flow velocity of self-excited vibration was not influenced by the parallel flow component, but depended only on the cross flow component.
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Chaudhari, Kedar, and Ganesh Raman. "Control of Flow Over a Rectangular Cavity Using a Rod in Cross Flow: Further Evaluation of Key Mechanisms." In 49th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-37.

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Shang, Zhi, and Yufeng Yao. "CFD Investigation of Heat Transfer in Supercritical Water-Cooled Flow Through 3×3 Fuel Rod Bundles." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48055.

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CFD investigation of heat transfer in supercritical water-cooled flow through fuel rod bundles has been carried out, using commercial software STAR-CD 4.02 with specific ad hoc user routines for modeling physical property of supercritical water. The configuration considered is a typical core assembly of 3×3 fuel rod (round tube) bundles inside solid square box, as seen in the nuclear reactor. After priori mesh convergence studies, investigations are focused on key characteristics of flow and heat transfer performance, notably the wall temperature distributions, the mass flux and the secondary flow patterns in the cross-section. It is found that the rod wall temperature distributions exhibit highly non-uniform feature near the domain exit with very high wall temperatures: about 625°C observed on the corner rod and about 562.5°C on the border rod, respectively. It is believed that the appearance of the extremely wall temperature may be related to the non-uniform distributions of mass flux in the cross-section of the bundles as the low mass flux co-existing with the high wall temperature. Further analysis of the secondary flow in the cross-section reveals wider spectrum of vortex flow structures, more complicated than previously noted by the sub-channel analysis. To verify the influence of turbulence models on the secondary flow, both linear and non-linear k-ε models are applied and results are quite similar. This finding indicates that the cause of the secondary (cross) flow might not be solely due to the anisotropic property of turbulence as suggested by other researchers. The present 3D CFD study provides more complete database of 3×3 rod bundle flows and will be useful to improve the industry practice of applying the sub-channel analysis.
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Reports on the topic "Rod in Cross-Flow"

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Habib, Ayman, Darcy M. Bullock, Yi-Chun Lin, and Raja Manish. Road Ditch Line Mapping with Mobile LiDAR. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317354.

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Maintenance of roadside ditches is important to avoid localized flooding and premature failure of pavements. Scheduling effective preventative maintenance requires mapping of the ditch profile to identify areas requiring excavation of long-term sediment accumulation. High-resolution, high-quality point clouds collected by mobile LiDAR mapping systems (MLMS) provide an opportunity for effective monitoring of roadside ditches and performing hydrological analyses. This study evaluated the applicability of mobile LiDAR for mapping roadside ditches for slope and drainage analyses. The performance of alternative MLMS units was performed. These MLMS included an unmanned ground vehicle, an unmanned aerial vehicle, a portable backpack system along with its vehicle-mounted version, a medium-grade wheel-based system, and a high-grade wheel-based system. Point cloud from all the MLMS units were in agreement in the vertical direction within the ±3 cm range for solid surfaces, such as paved roads, and ±7 cm range for surfaces with vegetation. The portable backpack system that could be carried by a surveyor or mounted on a vehicle and was the most flexible MLMS. The report concludes that due to flexibility and cost effectiveness of the portable backpack system, it is the preferred platform for mapping roadside ditches, followed by the medium-grade wheel-based system. Furthermore, a framework for ditch line characterization is proposed and tested using datasets acquired by the medium-grade wheel-based and vehicle-mounted portable systems over a state highway. An existing ground filtering approach is modified to handle variations in point density of mobile LiDAR data. Hydrological analyses, including flow direction and flow accumulation, are applied to extract the drainage network from the digital terrain model (DTM). Cross-sectional/longitudinal profiles of the ditch are automatically extracted from LiDAR data and visualized in 3D point clouds and 2D images. The slope derived from the LiDAR data was found to be very close to highway cross slope design standards of 2% on driving lanes, 4% on shoulders, as well as 6-by-1 slope for ditch lines. Potential flooded regions are identified by detecting areas with no LiDAR return and a recall score of 54% and 92% was achieved by the medium-grade wheel-based and vehicle-mounted portable systems, respectively. Furthermore, a framework for ditch line characterization is proposed and tested using datasets acquired by the medium-grade wheel-based and vehicle-mounted portable systems over a state highway. An existing ground filtering approach is modified to handle variations in point density of mobile LiDAR data. Hydrological analyses, including flow direction and flow accumulation, are applied to extract the drainage network from the digital terrain model (DTM). Cross-sectional/longitudinal profiles of the ditch are automatically extracted from LiDAR data, and visualized in 3D point clouds and 2D images. The slope derived from the LiDAR data was found to be very close to highway cross slope design standards of 2% on driving lanes, 4% on shoulder, as well as 6-by-1 slope for ditch lines. Potential flooded regions are identified by detecting areas with no LiDAR return and a recall score of 54% and 92% was achieved by the medium-grade wheel-based and vehicle-mounted portable systems, respectively.
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Little, Charles, and David Biedenharn. Technical assessment of the Old, Mississippi, Atchafalaya, and Red (OMAR) Rivers : channel geometry analysis. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45147.

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The Old River Control Complex (ORCC) consists of the Low Sill, Auxiliary, and Overbank structures as features of the Old River Control Structure (ORCS) and the privately owned hydro-electric power plant. Operations of the ORCC manage the hydrologic connectivity between the Mississippi River and the Atchafalaya River/Red River systems. The morphology of the Old, the Mississippi, the Atchafalaya, and the Red Rivers (OMAR) has been influenced by the flow distribution at the ORCC, as well as the accompanying bed sediments. A geomorphic assessment of the OMAR is underway to understand the morphological changes associated with operation of the ORCC. Supporting the geomorphic assessment, a channel geometry analysis herein documents observed adjustments of the affected river channels. Historical hydrographic survey data were used in the Geographic Information System to create river channel geometric models, which inform the analysis. Geometric parameters for cross sections and volume polygons were computed for each survey and evaluated for morphological trends which may be ascribed to the influence of the ORCC. Additionally, the geometric parameters for the Atchafalaya River were used to extend the geometry analyses from the 1951 Mississippi River Commission report on the Atchafalaya River, which was the primary catalyst for the initial development of the ORCS.
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