Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rod box'

Дипломний проект: 91 стор., 36 табл., 7 рис., 8 посилань. Об'єкт проектування – Розроблення технологічного процесу виготовлення виливка «Упор», організація та планування сумішоприготувального відділення ливарного цеху. Предмет проектування – технологія ливарної форми та організація роботи сумішоприготувального відділення. Результати проектування – розроблено технологію ливарної форми, виконано технічне планування сумішоприготувального відділення та розрахунок ливарного устаткування. Результати проектування можуть бути рекомендовані: для впровадження при виробництві виливка масою до 350 кг, середньої складності в умовах серійного виробництва. Галузь використання – машинобудування, приладобудування, комплекс тощо.
Diploma project: 91 pages, 36 tables, 7 figures, 8 references. Object of design - Development of technological process of casting "Emphasis", organization and planning of the mixture preparation department of the foundry. The subject of design is the technology of the casting mold and the organization of the mixture preparation department. The results of the design - the technology of the mold is developed, the technical planning of the mixture preparation department and the calculation of the foundry equipment are performed. The design results can be recommended: for implementation in the production of castings weighing up to 350 kg, medium complexity in terms of mass production. Field of use - mechanical engineering, instrument making, complex, etc.

Over the recent years, the software industry has faced a steady increase in the number of exposed and exploited software vulnerabilities. With more software and devices being connected to the internet every day, the need for proactive security measures has never been more important. One promising new technology for making software more secure is fuzz testing. This automated testing technique is based around generating a large number of test cases with the intention of revealing dangerous bugs and vulnerabilities. In this thesis work, a new direction within grey-box fuzz testing is evaluated against previous work. The presented approach uses sampled probability data in order to guide the fuzz testing towards program states that are expected to be easy to reach and beneficial for the discovery of software vulnerabilities. Evaluation of the design shows that the suggested approach provides no obvious advantage over existing solutions, but also indicates that the performance advantage could be dependent on the structure of the system under test. However, analysis of the design itself highlights several design decisions that could benefit from more extensive research. While the design proposed in this thesis work is insufficient for replacing current state of the art fuzz testing software, it provides a solid foundation for future research within the field. With the many insights gained from the design and implementation work, this thesis work aims to both inspire others and showcase the challenges of creating a probability-based approach to grey-box fuzz testing.

Об’єкт проектування – чавуноливарний цех з розробленням технологічних процесів виготовлення виливків різної маси литтям у разові піщано-глинясті форми. Метою проекту є визначення технологічних параметрів та складання опису виробництва виливка; розроблення і обґрунтування етапів приготування рідкого сплаву; технологічне планування і проектування ливарного цеху. Розроблений технологічний процес виготовлення виливка може бути рекомендований як типовий при виробництві чавуних виливків середньої складності в умовах дрібносерійного і великосерійного виробництва. Попередніми розрахунками економічних показників прийнятих проектних рішень установлено економічну доцільність використання запропонованих процесів. Розроблено організаційну схему роботи ливарного цеху та заходи, спрямовані на усунення небезпечних та шкідливих чинників.
The design object is an iron foundry with the development of technological processes for the production of castings of various masses by casting into one-off sand-clay forms. The aim of the project is to determine the technological parameters and compile a description of the production of the casting; development and justification of the stage of preparation of the liquid alloy; technological planning and design of a foundry. The technological process of casting manufacturing has been developed can be recommended as typical for the production of iron castings of medium complexity in small-scale and large-scale production. Preliminary calculations of the economic indicators of the adopted design decisions established the economic feasibility of using the proposed processes. An organizational chart of the foundry’s work and measures aimed at eliminating dangerous and harmful factors have been developed.
Объект проектирования - чугунолитейный цех с разработкой технологических процессов изготовления отливок различной массы литьем в разовые песчано-глинистые формы. Целью проекта является определение технологических параметров и составления описания производства отливки; разработка и обоснование этапе приготовлении жидкого сплава; технологическое планирование и проектирование литейного цеха. Разработан технологический процесс изготовления отливки может быть рекомендован как типичный при производстве чугунных отливок средней сложности в условиях мелкосерийного и крупносерийного производства. Предварительным расчетам экономических показателей принятых проектных решений установлено экономическую целесообразность использования предложенных процессов. Разработана организационная схема работы литейного цеха и меры, направленные на устранение опасных и вредных факторов.

Dimensional stability is an important aspect of fuel mechanical design and licensing of new fuel designs for nuclear power plants. Dimensional changes within the reactor can affect the safety margins against overheating of the cladding and the pellets, therefore it is crucial that the dimensional changes are kept to a minimum. The profits per produced kiloWatt hour continue to decrease for the Swedish nuclear power plants. Some reactors are even operated with a calculated loss. To reduce fuel costs and thereby improve the profit some reactors are operated with higher uranium enrichment, so that the assemblies can reach a higher average burnup. This increases the neutron fluence to the pellets, cladding an spacers. Fluence is the parameter that most strongly affects dimensional changes within the reactor. This master thesis was carried out at Vattenfall Nuclear Fuel in Solna during 2015. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the different dimensional changes in the fuel designs operating in Ringhals 2 ,3 and 4. The gained results may improve possibilities to verify if fuel assemblies with observed rod bow are safe for continued operation. Inspection videos called visual inspections and 4-camera videos are captured each year in each of the three reactors. From these videos the distance to the top- and bottom plate was measured as well as the magnitude of the rod bow. The results show that Ringhals 2 fuel designs R2L2b and R2L1 make it possible for rod growth through the uppermost grid. This has been achieved by lesser grid spring force and at the present burnup no severe rod bow is observed for either of the fuel designs. In Ringhals 3 and 4 the fuel designs R34L1 and R34L2 show similar trends in rod growth and have the same magnitude of rod bow though it appears in different spans in the assembly. A comparison of the major rod-to-rod gaps and the adjacent rods axial growth has led to the conclusion that rod bow is driven by manufacturing differences within the rods and spacers.

[EN] Bridges, as an important component of infrastructure, are expected to meet all the requirements for a modern society. Traditionally, the primary aim in bridge design has been to achieve the lowest cost while guaranteeing the structural efficiency. However, concerns regarding building a more sustainable future have change the priorities of society. Ecological and durable structures are increasingly demanded. Under these premises, heuristic optimization methods provide an effective alternative to structural designs based on experience. The emergence of new materials, structural designs and sustainable criteria motivate the need to create a methodology for the automatic and accurate design of a real post-tensioned concrete bridge that considers all these aspects. For the first time, this thesis studies the efficient design of post-tensioned concrete box-girder road bridges from a sustainable point of view. This research integrates environmental, safety and durability criteria into the optimum design of the bridge. The methodology proposed provides multiple trade-off solutions that hardly increase the cost and achieve improved safety and durability. Likewise, this approach quantifies the sustainable criteria in economic terms, and evaluates the effect of these criteria on the best values of the variables. In this context, a multi-objective optimization is formulated to provide multiple trade-off and high-performing solutions that balance economic, ecologic and societal goals. An optimization design program selects the best geometry, concrete type, reinforcement and post-tensioning steel that meet the objectives selected. A three-span continuous box-girder road bridge located in a coastal region is selected for a case study. This approach provides vital knowledge about this type of bridge in the sustainable context. The life-cycle perspective has been included through a lifetime performance evaluation that models the bridge deterioration process due to chloride-induced corrosion. The economic, environmental and societal impacts of maintenance actions required to extend the service life are examined. Therefore, the proposed goals for an efficient design have been switch from initial stage to life-cycle consideration. Faced with the large computational time of multi-objective optimization and finite-element analysis, artificial neural networks (ANNs) are integrated in the proposed methodology. ANNs are trained to predict the structural response based on the design variables, without the need to analyze the bridge response. The multi-objective optimization problem results in a set of trade-off solutions characterized by the presence of conflicting objectives. The final selection of preferred solutions is simplified by a decision-making technique. A rational technique converts a verbal pairwise comparison between criteria with a degree of uncertainty into numerical values that guarantee the consistency of judgments. This thesis gives a guide for the sustainable design of concrete structures. The use of the proposed approach leads to designs with lower life-cycle cost and emissions compared to general design approaches. Both bridge safety and durability can be improved with a little cost increment by choosing the correct design variables. In addition, this methodology is applicable to any type of structure and material.
[ES] Los puentes, como parte importante de una infraestructura, se espera que reúnan todos los requisitos de una sociedad moderna. Tradicionalmente, el objetivo principal en el diseño de puentes ha sido lograr el menor coste mientras se garantiza la eficiencia estructural. Sin embargo, la preocupación por construir un futuro más sostenible ha provocado un cambio en las prioridades de la sociedad. Estructuras más ecológicas y duraderas son cada vez más demandadas. Bajo estas premisas, los métodos de optimización heurística proporcionan una alternativa eficaz a los diseños estructurales basados en la experiencia. La aparición de nuevos materiales, diseños estructurales y criterios sostenibles motivan la necesidad de crear una metodología para el diseño automático y preciso de un puente real de hormigón postesado que considere todos estos aspectos. Por primera vez, esta tesis estudia el diseño eficiente de puentes de hormigón postesado con sección en cajón desde un punto de vista sostenible. Esta investigación integra criterios ambientales, de seguridad estructural y durabilidad en el diseño óptimo del puente. La metodología propuesta proporciona múltiples soluciones que apenas encarecen el coste y mejoran la seguridad y durabilidad. Al mismo tiempo, se cuantifica el enfoque sostenible en términos económicos, y se evalúa el efecto que tienen dichos criterios en el valor óptimo de las variables. En este contexto, se formula una optimización multiobjetivo que proporciona soluciones eficientes y de compromiso entre los criterios económicos, ecológicos y sociales. Un programa de optimización del diseño selecciona la mejor combinación de geometría, tipo de hormigón, armadura y postesado que cumpla con los objetivos seleccionados. Se ha escogido como caso de estudio un puente continuo en cajón de tres vanos situado en la costa. Este método proporciona un mayor conocimiento sobre esta tipología de puentes desde un punto de vista sostenible. Se ha estudiado el ciclo de vida a través de la evaluación del deterioro estructural del puente debido al ataque por cloruros. Se examina el impacto económico, ambiental y social que produce el mantenimiento necesario para extender la vida útil del puente. Por lo tanto, los objetivos propuestos para un diseño eficiente han sido trasladados desde la etapa inicial hasta la consideración del ciclo de vida. Para solucionar el problema del elevado tiempo de cálculo debido a la optimización multiobjetivo y el análisis por elementos finitos, se han integrado redes neuronales en la metodología propuesta. Las redes neuronales son entrenadas para predecir la respuesta estructural a partir de las variables de diseño, sin la necesidad de analizar el puente. El problema de optimización multiobjetivo se traduce en un conjunto de soluciones de compromiso que representan objetivos contrapuestos. La selección final de las soluciones preferidas se simplifica mediante una técnica de toma de decisiones. Una técnica estructurada convierte los juicios basados en comparaciones por pares de elementos con un grado de incertidumbre en valores numéricos que garantizan la consistencia de dichos juicios. Esta tesis proporciona una guía que extiende y mejora las recomendaciones sobre el diseño de estructuras de hormigón dentro del contexto de desarrollo sostenible. El uso de la metodología propuesta lleva a diseños con menor coste y emisiones del ciclo de vida, comparado con diseños que siguen metodologías generales. Los resultados demuestran que mediante una correcta elección del valor de las variables se puede mejorar la seguridad y durabilidad del puente con un pequeño incremento del coste. Además, esta metodología es aplicable a cualquier tipo de estructura y material.
[CAT] Els ponts, com a part important d'una infraestructura, s'espera que reunisquen tots els requisits d'una societat moderna. Tradicionalment, l'objectiu principal en el disseny de ponts ha sigut aconseguir el menor cost mentres es garantix l'eficiència estructural. No obstant això, la preocupació per construir un futur més sostenible ha provocat un canvi en les prioritats de la societat. Estructures més ecològiques i durables són cada vegada més demandades. Davall estes premisses, els mètodes d'optimització heurística proporcionen una alternativa eficaç als dissenys estructurals basats en l'experiència. L'aparició de nous materials, dissenys estructurals i criteris sostenibles motiven la necessitat de crear una metodologia per al disseny automàtic i precís d'un pont real de formigó posttesat que considere tots estos aspectos. Per primera vegada, esta tesi estudia el disseny eficient de ponts de formigó posttesat amb secció en calaix des d'un punt de vista sostenible. Esta investigació integra criteris ambientals, de seguretat estructural i durabilitat en el disseny òptim del pont. La metodologia proposada proporciona múltiples solucions que a penes encarixen el cost i milloren la seguretat i durabilitat. Al mateix temps, es quantifica l'enfocament sostenible en termes econòmics, i s'avalua l'efecte que tenen els dits criteris en el valor òptim de les variables. En este context, es formula una optimització multiobjetivo que proporciona solucions eficients i de compromís entre els criteris econòmics, ecològics i socials. Un programa d'optimització del disseny selecciona la millor geometria, tipus de formigó, armadura i posttesat que complisquen amb els objectius seleccionats. S'ha triat com a cas d'estudi un pont continu en calaix de tres vans situat en la costa. Este mètode proporciona un major coneixement sobre esta tipologia de ponts des d'un punt de vista sostenible. S'ha estudiat el cicle de vida a través de l'avaluació del deteriorament estructural del pont a causa de l'atac per clorurs. S'examina l'impacte econòmic, ambiental i social que produïx el manteniment necessari per a estendre la vida útil del pont. Per tant, els objectius proposats per a un disseny eficient han sigut traslladats des de l'etapa inicial fins a la consideració del cicle de vida. Per a solucionar el problema de l'elevat temps de càlcul degut a l'optimització multiobjetivo i l'anàlisi per elements finits, s'han integrat xarxes neuronals en la metodologia proposada. Les xarxes neuronals són entrenades per a predir la resposta estructural a partir de les variables de disseny, sense la necessitat d'analitzar el pont. El problema d'optimització multiobjetivo es traduïx en un conjunt de solucions de compromís que representen objectius contraposats. La selecció final de les solucions preferides se simplifica per mitjà d'una tècnica de presa de decisions. Una tècnica estructurada convertix els juís basats en comparacions per parells d'elements amb un grau d'incertesa en valors numèrics que garantixen la consistència dels dits juís. Esta tesi proporciona una guia que estén i millora les recomanacions sobre el disseny d'estructures de formigó dins del context de desenrotllament sostenible. L'ús de la metodologia proposada porta a dissenys amb menor cost i emissions del cicle de vida, comparat amb dissenys que seguixen metodologies generals. Els resultats demostren que per mitjà d'una correcta elecció del valor de les variables es pot millorar la seguretat i durabilitat del pont amb un xicotet increment del cost. A més, esta metodologia és aplicable a qualsevol tipus d'estructura i material.
García Segura, T. (2016). Efficient design of post-tensioned concrete box-girder road bridges based on sustainable multi-objective criteria [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/73147
TESIS

Il lavoro di questa tesi riguarda principalmente l'upgrade, la simulazione e il test di schede VME chiamate ReadOut Driver (ROD), che sono parte della catena di elaborazione ed acquisizione dati di IBL (Insertable B-Layer). IBL è il nuovo componente del Pixel Detector dell'esperimento ATLAS al Cern che è stato inserito nel detector durante lo shut down di LHC; fino al 2012 infatti il Pixel Detector era costituito da tre layer, chiamati (partendo dal più interno): Barrel Layer 0, Layer 1 e Layer 2. Tuttavia, l'aumento di luminosità di LHC, l'invecchiamento dei pixel e la richiesta di avere misure sempre più precise, portarono alla necessità di migliorare il rivelatore. Così, a partire dall'inizio del 2013, IBL (che fino a quel momento era stato un progetto sviluppato e finanziato separatamente dal Pixel Detector) è diventato parte del Pixel Detector di ATLAS ed è stato installato tra la beam-pipe e il layer B0. Questa tesi fornirà innanzitutto una panoramica generale dell'esperimento ATLAS al CERN, includendo aspetti sia fisici sia tecnici, poi tratterà in dettaglio le varie parti del rivelatore, con particolare attenzione su Insertable B-Layer. Su quest'ultimo punto la tesi si focalizzerà sui motivi che ne hanno portato alla costruzione, sugli aspetti di design, sulle tecnologie utilizzate (volte a rendere nel miglior modo possibile compatibili IBL e il resto del Pixel Detector) e sulle scelte di sviluppo e fabbricazione. La tesi tratterà poi la catena di read-out dei dati, descrivendo le tecniche di interfacciamento con i chip di front-end, ed in particolare si concentrerà sul lavoro svolto per l'upgrade e lo sviluppo delle schede ReadOut Drivers (ROD) introducendo le migliorie da me apportate, volte a eliminare eventuali difetti, migliorare le prestazioni ed a predisporre il sistema ad una analisi prestazionale del rivelatore. Allo stato attuale le schede sono state prodotte e montate e sono già parte del sistema di acquisizione dati del Pixel Detector di ATLAS, ma il firmware è in continuo aggiornamento. Il mio lavoro si è principalmente focalizzato sul debugging e il miglioramento delle schede ROD; in particolare ho aggiunto due features: - programmazione parallela delle FPGA} delle ROD via VME. IBL richiede l'utilizzo di 15 schede ROD e programmandole tutte insieme (invece che una alla volta) porta ad un sensibile guadagno nei tempi di programmazione. Questo è utile soprattutto in fase di test; - reset del Phase-Locked Loop (PLL)} tramite VME. Il PLL è un chip presente nelle ROD che distribuisce il clock a tutte le componenti della scheda. Avere la possibilità di resettare questo chip da remoto permette di risolvere problemi di sincronizzazione. Le ReadOut Driver saranno inoltre utilizzate da più layer del Pixel Detector. Infatti oltre ad IBL anche i dati provenienti dai layer 1 e 2 dei sensori a pixel dell’esperimento ATLAS verranno acquisiti sfruttando la catena hardware progettata, realizzata e testata a Bologna.

Esse trabalho discute a performance ritual e musical durante a Festa da Boa Morte e Glória realizada anualmente na segunda quinzena de agosto na cidade de Cachoeira, Recôncavo da Bahia. Elaborada através de elementos simbólicos, culturais, religiosos e de resistência política e social, a Festa da Boa Morte compreende performances musicais dentro de uma complexa performance ritual que é ao mesmo tempo coletiva e absolutamente restritiva. A Irmandade de Nossa Senhora da Boa Morte é um coletivo de mulheres idosas, todas religiosas enquanto praticantes do candomblé e do catolicismo popular. Como grupo a Irmandade é considerada elite na luta e resistência do negro contra o sofrimento e a escravidão no Brasil. As irmãs foram e são mulheres diferenciadas em vários sentidos: aos olhos da sociedade colonial eram chamadas de negras do partido alto; miticamente transgressoras da ordem masculina são consideradas iamis e organizadas em sacerdócio religioso unindo diferentes nações são donas do axé ou eleyes. As irmãs antigas compraram as alforrias de outros sacerdotes e sacerdotisas africanos, se comprometeram em garantir funerais dignos a si mesmas e aos seus, e mantém uma festa associada aos seus antepassados femininos (eguns) e aos seus orixás durante rituais católicos públicos e do candomblé (secretos). Segundo as irmãs, elas cumprem uma promessa feita pelas mais antigas: se todos os escravos fossem libertos elas cultuariam Maria na vida e na morte. Personagens narrando e encenando repetidamente performances, as irmãs desenvolvem seqüências rituais e musicais que vão da anunciação da morte ao velório de Nossa Senhora no primeiro dia da Festa. No segundo dia é realizado o enterro, e, no terceiro, demonstram sua crença na vida após a morte através da glorificação e assunção de Maria aos céus. Esses são os três principais momentos do ritual público, aos quais se seguem outros três dias de samba de roda que se fundem aos rituais secretos, já em desenvolvimento antes da Festa. O encerramento é marcado pela entrega de um presente às águas, para os orixás femininos Nanã, Iemanjá e Oxum.
This work discusses the musical and ritual performance during the Sisterhood of Good Death Celebration, which occurs in the second half of August in the city of Cachoeira, Recôncavo Area of Bahia. Involving symbolic, cultural, religious, social and political elements, the Sisterhood of Good Death Celebration engages musical performances inside a complex ritual performance that is at the same time collective and absolutely restrictive. The Sisterhood of Good Death is a collective of elderly women, all of them religious while devoted to candomblé and popular Catholicism. As a group, the Sisterhood is considered the elite in the stuggle of black people against oppression and slavery in Brazil. The Sisters were and still are distinguished women in many different ways: during the colonial period, they were called black women from the partido alto; mythically transgressing the dominant masculinity, they are considered iamis and organized in a religious ministry that congregates different candomblé nations. They are also the ones who possess the axé (eleyes). In the past, the sisters bought the manumission of other priests and priestesses, and commited to guaranteeing dignified funerals to themselves and to their people. The Celebration is associated with their female antecessors (eguns) and to their orixás during public catholic rituals and secret candomblé ceremonies. According to the sisters, they are living up to a promise made by their antecessors: If all the slaves were freed, they would all worship Mary in life and in death. Characters narrating and staging repeated performances, the sisters develop ritual and musical sequences which go from the annunciation of the death of the Virgin Mary to her vigil on the first day; on the second she is buried and on the third the Sisters demonstrate their belief in life after death through the glorification and elevation of Mary. These are the three most important moments of the public ritual, followed by three days of samba de roda . The samba takes place parallel to the development of the secret rituals started before the Celebration. On the last day of feast, the sisters deliver a gift to the waters, destinated to the female orixás Nanã, Iemanjá and Oxum.

L’incidente stradale è la conseguenza di uno o più errori all'interno di un sistema complesso, in cui l'uomo rappresenta la principale causa d’incidentalità. Spesso ciò che può apparire a una prima analisi un errore dell’utente, in realtà può essere collegato a problemi di progettazione e gestione dell’infrastruttura. Per massimizzare i risultati nel campo della sicurezza stradale, occorre valutare il “sistema strada” in ogni suo elemento. Per raggiungere questi obiettivi le analisi di sicurezza giocano un ruolo fondamentale. Il Road Safety Review consente di individuare nel tracciato la presenza di situazioni di rischio, in modo tale da eliminarli o attenuarli prima che diano luogo ad incidenti. Il Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti ha emanato le "Linee guida per la gestione della sicurezza delle infrastrutture stradali". Secondo queste Linee Guida l'uomo detiene un ruolo centrale nel sistema. L'uomo deve adattare il suo comportamento, in funzione del veicolo condotto e delle condizioni ambientali. Diventa indispensabile integrare le analisi di sicurezza con il fattore uomo. Obiettivo della tesi è analizzare la sicurezza di un’infrastruttura viaria esistente integrando i risultati ottenuti dal Road Safety Review con metodologie innovative che tengano conto del comportamento degli utenti durante la guida. È stata realizzata una sperimentazione in sito che ha coinvolto un campione formato da 6 soggetti. Ognuno di essi ha percorso il tronco stradale, della SP26 "Valle del Lavino", in provincia di Bologna. La strada, richiede interventi di adeguamento e messa in sicurezza poiché risulta la terza tratta stradale a maggior costo sociale di tutta la rete provinciale. La sperimentazione ha previsto due fasi: la prima, in cui è stato condotto il Road Safety Review . La seconda, in cui ogni soggetto ha guidato lungo il tronco stradale, indossando il Mobile Eye-XG, un'innovativa strumentazione eye tracking in grado di tracciare l’occhio umano e i suoi movimenti.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD (Biotechnology)
The 'Bon Rouge' pear cultivar was developed from a bud mutation on a 'Bon Chretien' pear tree. The latter is characterised by green fruit skin and leaves, while 'Bon Rouge' is characterised by red leaves and red fruit skin as a result of the production of anthocyanin and other pigments. Branch forming buds on 'Bon Rouge' trees often revert to the parent phenotype producing green leaves and fruit skin. The occurrence of both phenotypes on the same tree presents a unique model to study gene expression associated with anthocyanin production in a similar genetic background under the same set of environmental condition.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc
European pear (Pyrus communis L.) is the third most important fruit in South Africa after citrus and apple. The Agricultural Research Council (ARC) breeding programme seeks to obtain a fully red coloured pear. Sports (mutants) with red skin and reddish leaves of various cultivars occur and some have been used in breeding programmes, where they transmit red colour as a single gene. The red trait in ‘Max Red Bartlett’, a mutant of ‘Bartlett’ (Synonym – ‘Williams Bon Chretien’), was mapped in Italy to linkage group 4 (LG4). At ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa, ‘Bon Rouge’ pear, another red mutant of ‘Williams Bon Chretien’, was crossed with ‘Packham’s Triumph’ generating an F1 population with a segregation of (54:71) red:green, approximating to a 1:1 ratio; indicating a simple Mendelian inheritance of the red trait. The aim of the study was to determine if the ‘Bon Rouge’ red colour trait maps to approximately the same position as the ‘Max Red Bartlett’ red colour trait on LG4, and if so, to identify SSR markers that are mapped closer to the red colour trait than were previously reported. The seven published pear and apple SSR markers mapped in the appropriate region of LG4 in pear and in apple maps were identified and screened in the parents and, where informative, were scored in 125 seedlings for co-segregation analysis. Single locus segregations were checked with JoinMap 4.1 and this program was also used to generate a genetic map for LG4 of the ‘Bon Rouge’ x ‘Packham’s Triumph’ progeny using the SSR markers and the red locus. Two linkage maps were constructed at a LOD threshold of 3 using the Kosambi mapping function, one each with the maximum likelihood and regression mapping algorithms. The genetic linkage map of LG4 of ‘Bon Rouge’ x ‘Packham’s Triumph’ consisted of seven SSR markers (2 from apple and 5 from pear). Markers CH01d03 and CH02c02b were mapped on the same position as the red trait in ‘Max Red Bartlett’ reported by Dondini et al. (2008) and four more markers were added. One of the newly mapped markers, NH011a has been found to be closely linked to the red trait, with an approximate distance of 4 cM. This marker can be used to indirectly select for the red gene in pear, for example to distinguish heterozygotes from homozygotes. This work sets the scene for further genetic studies on the red trait in pear breeding programmes.

This study considered the influence of exotic shrubs on birds in urban patches of Yellow Box- Blakely's Red Gum (E. melliodora-E. blakelyi) woodlands in the Australian Capital Territory, Canberra. The aim of this research was to identify native and exotic birds that have their abundance influenced by exotic shrubs. The purpose of this work was to provide more information to managers of this woodland about the potential impacts of weed control on birds living in woodland reserves adjacent to suburban areas. Birds were sampled between 1996 and 1998 using the twenty minute area-search method to derive estimates of bird abundance. Around 680 twenty minute area-searches were completed, with 665 of these undertaken at 12 two hectare plots with varying levels of exotic shrub cover over a period of ten months. The abundance of birds for each of the ten months sampled were compared by pooling sites into four classes of exotic shrub cover. Classes of exotic shrub cover were nil, light, moderate and dense. Seasonal inferences were drawn from non-parametric analysis of variance. Non-parametric measures of association were used to test for correlation between the mean abundance of bird species at different woodland sites and percentage foliage estimates of exotic shrub cover. Percentage foliage estimates of native shrub cover were included in tests for correlation between bird abundance and exotic shrub cover by applying partial measures of association. To support statistical information, observations of birds in exotic shrub cover were also recorded. In one woodland site birds were sampled before and after the removal of exotic shrub cover. No statistical tests were applied to these samples because of a lack of replication; however, descriptive graphs of the abundance of selected birds following weed control are presented. To investigate the effect that exotic shrub invasion may have on the composition of bird assemblages in woodland cluster analysis and ordination of the 12 sites using the mean abundance of the 75 species recorded between July 1997 and June 1998 were also undertaken. The presence of exotic shrub cover in E. melliodora-E. blakelyi woodland in Canberra was found to have differential effects on bird abundance. Wrens, finches, thornbills, whistlers and pigeons were more abundant in woodland sites where exotic shrubs were present when compared to sites with no or little exotic shrub cover. Fruit-eating birds, such as Silvereyes (Zosterops lateralis), Pied Currawong (Strepera graculina) and Crimson Rosella (Platycercus elegans), were more abundant in woodland with exotic shrubs in winter and autumn when these shrubs provided food in the form of berries. The abundance of fruit-eating birds, and wrens and finches was reduced in a single woodland site following the removal of most of the exotic shrub cover. The Common Blackbird (Turdus merula) was the only exotic bird which showed a strong association with exotic shrubs in woodland, while the Laughing Kookaburra (Dacelo novaeguineae) was negatively correlated with exotic shrub cover, possibly because prey is harder to detect and capture in woodland with a shrubby understorey. Cluster analysis and ordination of the 12 woodland sites did not group sites into the four experimental classes used to undertake analysis of variance. Multivariate analysis, however, did reveal that seasonal peaks in the abundance of fruit eating birds affected the composition of bird assemblages by increasing the mean abundance of these birds in densely invaded sites. Similarly, structural differences in the understorey resulted in some birds being more abundant in woodland sites invaded by exotic shrubs when compared to sites lacking a shrubby understorey. The distance between some sites confirmed this stark difference in bird life when plotted in three dimensions. The results of this study suggest that exotic shrubs add food and structural complexity to woodland habitat. Benefits of structural complexity for small native birds in woodland include nest sites and protection from predators. These benefits may operate at certain thresholds of invasion, as the woodland site with the densest level of exotic shrub invasion showed a slight decrease in the number of wrens and finches. Adverse impacts from exotic shrub invasion may include reduced open ground in which to forage and loss of floristic diversity in the understorey. In effect, exotic shrubs add and remove resources in woodland habitat, benefiting some bird species and limiting others. These findings suggest that the removal of exotic shrub cover in woodland located in urban landscapes simplifies the structural complexity of the understorey, reducing the quality of habitat for some birds. Thus, adverse impacts on biodiversity arising from the invasion of exotic shrubs in woodland need to be considered against the important role that a diverse bird population has in maintaining ecosystem function.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.
Thesis research directed by: Marine, Estuarine, Environmental Sciences Graduate Program. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

This thesis is focusing on corruption and misuse of financial funds from European Union. It primarily analyses Regional Operation Programme North-West (ROP Severozápad), which ended with massive corruption affair. The affair lead to the suspension of payments from the European Union, change of assignment of projects in the next programme period, but also opened the question of current trends in corruption in the Czech Republic. The main aim of the thesis was to identify the most dangerous spots that lead to misuse of European funds, connect the corruption affair with current corruption trends in the Czech Republic and suggest basic activities that could prevent the misuse of European subsidies in the future. The aim was achieved via analysis of the operation programme, that ran through the years 2007-2013. It was discovered, that the system was purpose-built so that the local politicians could manipulate with the order of winning projects and thus unfairly distribute the financial funds from the European Union.

[EN] Currently, there is a trend towards sustainability, especially in developed countries, where the concerns of society about environmental degradation and social problems have increased. Following this trend, the construction sector is one of the most influential sectors due to its high economic, environmental, and social impacts. At the same time, there is an increase in the demand for transport, which drives a need to develop and maintain the necessary infrastructure for this purpose. Taking all these factors into account, bridges become a key structure and therefore assessment of sustainability throughout their whole life-cycle is essential. The main objective of this thesis is to propose a methodology that allows assessment of the sustainability of a bridge under uncertain initial conditions (subjectivity of the decision-maker or variability of initial parameters) and optimization of the design to obtain a robust optimal bridge. To this end, an extensive bibliographic review of all the works that perform assessments of the sustainability of bridges through the valuation of criteria related to their main pillars (economic, environmental, or social) has been carried out. In this review, it has been observed that the most comprehensive way to evaluate the environmental and social pillars is through the use of life-cycle impact assessment methods. These methods allow sustainability assessment to be performed for the whole life-cycle of the bridge. This process provides valuable information to decision-makers for the assessment and selection of the most sustainable bridge. However, the decision-makers' subjective assessments of the relative importance of the criteria influence the final assessment of sustainability. For this reason, it is necessary to create a methodology that reduces the associated uncertainty and seeks robust solutions according to the opinion of decision-makers. In addition, for bridges, the design and decision-making are conditioned by the initially defined parameters. This leads to solutions that may be sensitive to small changes in these initial conditions. A robust optimal design makes it possible to obtain optimal solutions and structurally stable designs under variations of the initial conditions as well as sustainable designs that are not influenced by the preferences of the stakeholders who are part of the decision-making process. Thus, obtaining a robust optimal design becomes a probabilistic optimization process that has a high computational cost. For this reason, the use of metamodels has been integrated into the proposed methodology. Specifically, Latin hypercube sampling is used for the definition of the initial sample and a kriging model is used for the definition of the mathematical approximation. In this way, kriging-based heuristic optimization reduces the computational cost by more than 90% with respect to conventional heuristic optimization while obtaining very similar results. This thesis provides, first of all, an extensive bibliographic review of both the criteria used for the assessment of sustainability of bridges and the different methods of life-cycle impact assessment to obtain a complete profile of the environmental and social pillars. Subsequently, a methodology is defined for the full assessment of sustainability, using life-cycle impact assessment methods. Likewise, an approach is proposed that makes it possible to obtain structures with little influence from the structural parameters, as well as from the preferences of the different decision-makers regarding the sustainability criteria. The methodology provided in this thesis is applicable to any other type of structure.
[ES] Actualmente existe una tendencia hacia la sostenibilidad, especialmente en los países desarrollados donde la preocupación de la sociedad por el deterioro ambiental y los problemas sociales ha aumentado. Siguiendo esta tendencia, el sector de la construcción es uno de los sectores que mayor influencia tiene debido a su alto impacto económico, ambiental y social. Al mismo tiempo, existe un incremento en la demanda de transporte que provoca la necesidad de desarrollo y mantenimiento de las infraestructuras necesarias para tal fin. Con todo esto, los puentes se convierten en una estructura clave, y por tanto, la valoración de la sostenibilidad a lo largo de toda su vida es esencial. El objetivo principal de esta tesis es proponer una metodología que permita valorar la sostenibilidad de un puente bajo condiciones iniciales inciertas (subjetividad del decisor o variabilidad de parámetros iniciales) y optimizar el diseño para obtener puentes óptimos robustos. Para ello, se ha realizado una extensa revisión bibliográfica de todos los trabajos en los que se realiza un análisis de la sostenibilidad mediante la valoración de criterios relacionados con sus pilares principales (económico, medio ambiental o social). En esta revisión, se ha observado que la forma más completa de valorar los pilares medioambientales y sociales es mediante el uso de métodos de análisis de ciclo de vida. Estos métodos permiten llevar a cabo la valoración de la sostenibilidad durante todas las etapas de la vida de los puentes. Todo este procedimiento proporciona información muy valiosa a los decisores para la valoración y selección del puente más sostenible. No obstante, las valoraciones subjetivas de los decisores sobre la importancia de los criterios influyen en la evaluación final de la sostenibilidad. Por esta razón, es necesario crear una metodología que reduzca la incertidumbre asociada y busque soluciones robustas frente a las opiniones de los agentes implicados en la toma de decisiones. Además, el diseño y toma de decisiones en puentes está condicionado por los parámetros inicialmente definidos. Esto conduce a soluciones que pueden ser sensibles frente a pequeños cambios en dichas condiciones iniciales. El diseño óptimo robusto permite obtener diseños óptimos y estructuralmente estables frente a variaciones de las condiciones iniciales, y también diseños sostenibles y poco influenciables por las preferencias de los decisores que forman parte del proceso de toma de decisión. Así pues, el diseño óptimo robusto se convierte en un proceso de optimización probabilística que requiere un gran coste computacional. Por este motivo, el uso de metamodelos se ha integrado en la metodología propuesta. En concreto, se ha utilizado hipercubo latino para la definición de la muestra inicial y los modelos kriging para la definción de la aproximación matemática. De esta forma, la optimización heurística basada en kriging ha permitido reducir más de un 90% el coste computacional respecto a la optimización heurística conveniconal obteniendo resultados muy similares. Esta tesis proporciona en primer lugar, una amplia revisión bibliográfica, tanto de los criterios utilizados para la valoración de la sostenibilidad en puentes como de los diferentes métodos de análisis de ciclo de vida para obtener un perfil completo de los pilares ambientales y sociales. Posteriormente, se define una metodología para la valoración completa de la sostenibilidad, usando métodos de análisis de ciclo de vida. Asimismo, se propone un enfoque que permite obtener estructuras poco influenciables por los parámetros estructurales, así como por las preferencias de los diferentes decisores frente a los criterios sostenibles. La metodología proporcionada en esta tesis es aplicable a cualquier otro tipo de estructura.
[CA] Actualment existeix una tendència cap a la sostenibilitat, especialment en els països desenrotllats on la preocupació de la societat pel deteriori ambiental i els problemes socials ha augmentat. Seguint aquesta tendència, el sector de la construcció és un dels sectors que major influència té a causa del seu alt impacte econòmic, ambiental i social. Al mateix temps, existeix un increment en la demanda de transport que provoca la necessitat de desenrotll i manteniment de les infraestructures necessàries per a tal fi. En tot açò, els ponts es converteixen en una estructura clau, i per tant, la valoració de la sostenibilitat al llarg de tota la seua vida és essencial. L'objectiu principal d'aquesta tesi doctoral és proposar una metodologia que permeta valorar la sostenibilitat d'un pont baix condicions inicials incertes (subjectivitat del decisor o variabilitat dels paràmetres inicials) i optimitzar el disseny per a obtenir ponts òptims robusts. Per a això, s'ha realitzat una extensa revisió bibliogràfica de tots els treballs en els quals es realitza un anàlisis de la sostenibilitat mitjançant la valoració de criteris relacionats amb els seus pilars principals (econòmic, ambiental o social). En aquesta revisió s'ha observat que la forma més completa de valorar els pilars ambientals i socials és mitjançant l'ús de mètodes d'anàlisis de cicle de vida. Aquests mètodes permeten realitzar la valoració de la sostenibilitat al llarg de totes les etapes de la vida dels ponts. Tot aquest procediment proporciona informació molt valuosa als decisors per a la valoració i selecció del pont més sostenible. No obstant això, les valoracions subjectives dels decisors sobre la importància dels criteris influeixen en l'avaluació final de la sostenibilitat. Per aquesta raó, és necessari crear una metodologia que reduïsca la incertesa associada i busque solucions robustes enfront de les opinions dels agents implicats en la presa de decisions. A més, el disseny i la presa de decisions en ponts està condicionat pels paràmetres inicialment definits. Açò condueix a solucions que poden ser sensibles front a menuts canvis en les dites condicions inicials. El disseny òptim robust permet obtenir dissenys òptims i estructuralment estables front a variacions de les condicions inicials, i també dissenys sostenibles i poc influenciables per les preferències dels decisors que formen part del procés de presa de decisió. D'aquesta manera, el disseny òptim robust es converteix en un procés d'optimització probabilística que requereix un gran cost computacional. Per aquest motiu, l'ús de metamodels s'ha integrat en la metodologia proposta. En concret, s'ha utilitzat l'hipercub llatí per a la definició de la mostra inicial i els models kriging per a la definició de l'aproximació matemàtica. D'aquesta forma, l'optimització heurística basada en kriging ha permés reduir més d'un 90% el cost computacional respecte a l'optimització heurística convencional obtenint resultats molt similars. Aquesta tesi doctoral proporciona en primer lloc, una ampla revisió bibliogràfica, tant dels criteris utilitzats per a la valoració de la sostenibilitat en ponts com dels diferents mètodes d'anàlisis de cicle de vida per a obtenir un perfil complet dels pilars ambientals i socials. Posteriorment, es defineix una metodologia per a la valoració completa de la sostenibilitat, utilitzant mètodes d'anàlisis de cicle de vida. Així mateix, es proposa un enfocament que permet obtenir estructures poc influenciables pels paràmetres estructurals, així com per les preferències dels diferents decisors enfront dels criteris sostenibles. La metodologia proporcionada en aquesta tesi doctoral és aplicable a qualsevol altre tipus d'estructura. Nº de páginas:
I would like to acknowledge the economic support of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, formerly called Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. This thesis has been possible thanks to the FPI fellowship and the financially support of BRIDLIFE (Research Project BIA2014-56574-R) and DIMALIFE (Project BIA2017-85098-R).
Penadés Plà, V. (2020). Life-cycle sustainability design of post-tensioned box-girder bridge obtained by metamodel-assisted optimization and decision-making under uncertainty [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/147480
TESIS

A técnica de Inseminação Artificial (IA) está em franco crescimento em rebanhos de bovinos de corte em todas as regiões do Brasil e é a mais utilizada para obter indivíduos cruzados (Bos t. taurus x Bos t. indicus) pela facilidade de implantação nos grandes rebanhos de fêmeas em idade reprodutiva, aliada ao problema da baixa produção de touros taurinos adaptados ao nosso clima. Um dos grandes entraves para o sucesso em um programa de inseminação é a eficiência na detecção do estro. As dificuldades encontradas em outros países têm sido dirimidas através do estudo comportamental das matrizes. A pecuária de corte está espalhada por todo o território brasileiro, mas possui maiores concentrações nas regiões Sudeste, Centro-Oeste e Norte, com importantes diferenças climáticas, como a variação na duração dos dias (fotoperíodo), a sazonalidade pluviométrica, e a própria temperatura do ar, que podem alterar o comportamento sexual das matrizes. Neste sentido o presente trabalho utilizou a monitoração dos períodos de observação de estro em quatro fazendas localizadas no Norte e no Centro Oeste do Brasil, que fazem o uso da técnica da inseminação artificial, para compreender o efeito do fotoperíodo sobre o estro. Foram detectadas 4202 ocorrências de estro em 3358 fêmeas Nelore, 662 fêmeas cruzadas Limousin x Nelore, e 182 fêmeas cruzadas Red Angus x Nelore, submetidas ao mesmo manejo de detecção. A duração média do dia foi de 730,3, 750,8, 771,0 e 795,6 minutos, respectivamente nas fazendas 1 (Pará), 2 (Tocantins), 3 (Goiás) e 4 (Mato Grosso do Sul). Quanto maior a duração do dia mais estros foram detectados pela manhã. Houve diferenças entre as categorias de fêmeas quanto à ocorrência de estro, ficando concentradas as ocorrências de estro das novilhas no período matinal em todas as fazendas e em todos os grupos genéticos. Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos genéticos dentro das categorias. As vacas solteiras comportaram-se de forma similar as novilhas não havendo diferenças estatísticas na detecção do estro. As vacas paridas tenderam de forma geral a manifestar estro no período da tarde.
The artificial insemination (IA) technique is growing in beef cattle herds from all regions of Brazil, especially to obtain Bos t. taurus x Bos t. indicus crossbreds in large herds were the European bulls are not adapted. One of the difficulties of the IA program is the low efficiency of heat detection. In other countries this was avoided through studies of the sexual behavior of the cows. Brazilian beef cattle herds are distributed in all over the territory, but are concentrated mainly in the Southeast, Middle West and North regions, with large climatic differences and day duration (photoperiod), rain seasonality and temperatures that alter the sexual behavior of the cows and heifers. In this way this study used the heat observation in four farms in the North and Middle West regions to study the photoperiod effect on heat detection. A total of 4202 heats were detected in 3358 Nellore, 662 crossbred Limousin x Nellore and 182 crossbred Red Angus x Nellore females, managed under the same detection procedure. The mean daylight duration was 730,3, 750,8, 771,0 and 795,6 minutes, respectively in the farm 1 (Para State), 2 (Tocantins State), 3 (Goias State) and 4 (Mato Grosso do Sul State). As the daylight increased more estrus were detected in the morning. There were differences in cattle categories in estrus detection, with the heifer’s heat detected in the morning in all farms and in all genetic groups. There was no significant difference between genetic groups inside categories. Cows without calves behaved in a similar way to the heifers and showed no significant difference in heat detection. Cows with calves had a tendency to show estrus in the afternoon.

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The objective of this work is to analyze the aesthetic ideals of two writers of the Beat Generation: Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg. With such an objective in mind, their two main works, On the Road and Howl, respectively, were studied comparatively. Through this study, we tried to delineate the interpretation that each author gives to these ideals they share, showing the divergences of understanding and materialization of such ideals in these two works. Besides, there is a historical trajectory. Firstly, building a strong base for the work, we analyze the historical period in America during the moment of formation of the generation. The historical focus then shifts to the private lives of each author, their cultural and linguistic influences, their intellectual itineraries. From that knowledge, it is also possible to understand the process of formation of the ideals themselves, central theme of this dissertation. We also tried to show how the next generations got hold of the ideals studied here, how the readers interpreted those artistic works in an individual way. From that, the authors’ reaction to this reinterpretation is reflected upon. In other words, this work is a deep survey of the aesthetic ideals of two artists, their formation and perpetuation. The main documents and texts used in the development of the analysis described above were: private journals to trace in time the transition of thoughts on their own artistic practices, letters exchanged between the two artists to demonstrate how their thoughts communicated and diverged in certain aspects, articles from newspapers and magazines to show the reception they had at the time and what others thought of the texts we studied, and biographies to base the text with history fundamentals.
O objetivo do presente trabalho é o de fazer uma análise dos ideais estéticos de dois autores da Beat Generation: Jack Kerouac e Allen Ginsberg. Para tal, empreendeu-se um estudo comparativo das principais obras de cada autor, a saber, On the Road (1957) e “Howl” (1956), respectivamente. Através de tal estudo, pretende-se delinear a interpretação que cada autor dá aos ideais que os dois compartilham, demonstrar as divergências de compreensão e a efetivação dos ideais nessas duas obras. Além do mais, uma trajetória histórica é traçada em alguns sentidos. Primeiramente, com o objetivo de oferecer base para o trabalho, mostra-se o momento histórico vivido nos Estados Unidos durante o período de formação da geração da qual fazer parte os autores. Também é foco de análise histórica a vida particular de cada autor, suas influências culturais e linguísticas, sua trajetória intelectual. A partir de tal conhecimento, é possível compreender também o processo de formação dos ideais estéticos, tema central dessa dissertação. Também se busca demonstrar a apropriação dos ideais estudados pela geração seguinte à dos escritores analisados: a geração leitora que interpretou as obras de maneira particular. A partir disso deseja-se investigar a reação de cada um dos autores para tal reinterpretação. Em outras palavras, trata-se de uma sondagem profunda dos ideais estéticos de dois artistas, sua formação e sua perpetuação. Os principais documentos e textos utilizados para o desenvolvimento da análise acima descrita foram: diários particulares para delinear no tempo as nuances de pensamento sobre suas próprias práticas artísticas, correspondências trocadas entre os autores para demonstrar como os pensamentos dos dois dialogavam e confrontavam um com o outro, artigos de jornais e revistas da época para desvelar a recepção que os autores tiveram e elucubrações diversas sobre os textos estudados, além de biografias para embasar os demais estudos com fundamentação histórica.

The theoretical part of the thesis contains information about education in general, futhermore it describes general information on e-learning. In the end of this part there are described different ways how to implement e-learning in a company. Practical part concerns information about a company - PRAKAB PRAZSKA KABELOVNA, a.s., possible ways of aplication education. In the final part of the thesis a solution is recommended and compared with an opinion of the personal manager of this company.

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The research analyzed the role of tradition in the celebration of the boi-bumb? the consolidation of northeastern cultural identity in Porto Velho. For this, we studied the establishment of tradition in commemoration of northeastern cultural identity in the merriment of the boi-bumb?. The work focused on the study of the construction of cultural identity of northeastern migrants in Porto Velho and, as the tradition of celebrating, boi-bumb? influenced for this cultural event became symbol of that social roup. This process of boi-bumb? celebration of tradition comes over time getting many influences, as there are cultural appropriations, that is, a cultural hybridity, a consequence of the mass communication of late post-modern society. Therefore, the research contributed to emphasize relationships of the Northeastern migratory movement has today in Porto Velho, in the local culture, in folklore, in short, the cultural identity of porto-velhense society.
A pesquisa analisou o papel da tradi??o na comemora??o do boi-bumb? na consolida??o da identidade cultural nordestina em Porto Velho. Para isso, estudou-se o estabelecimento da tradi??o na comemora??o da identidade cultural nordestina no folguedo do boi-bumb?. O trabalho focou no estudo da constru??o da identidade cultural dos migrantes nordestinos em Porto Velho e como a tradi??o da comemora??o do boi-bumb? influenciou para que essa manifesta??o cultural se tornasse s?mbolo desse grupo social. Esse processo da tradi??o da comemora??o do boi-bumb? vem ao longo dos tempos recebendo muitas influ?ncias, pois h? apropria??es culturais, ou seja, um hibridismo cultural, consequencia da comunica??o massiva da sociedade p?s-moderna tardia. Portanto, a pesquisa procurou evidenciar as rela??es que o movimento migrat?rio nordestino tem, hoje, em Porto Velho, na cultura local, nas manifesta??es folcl?ricas, enfim, na identidade cultural da sociedade porto-velhense.

Orientador: Paulo Valladares Soares
Resumo: Os Resíduos da Construção e Demolição (RCD) são um grande problema da maioria das cidades brasileiras, nos aspectos ambiental, social e econômico. Esse problema também se destaca em Boa Vista, capital e maior cidade do estado de Roraima, com aproximadamente 63% da população estadual, onde os RCD representam quase 46% do total em massa de resíduos depositados no aterro municipal. Considerando que se têm poucas informações sobre a gestão de RCD na cidade, pois o Plano Municipal de Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos (PMGIRS) de Boa Vista ainda está em fase de implementação, este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um diagnóstico da atual situação e sugerir ajustes na gestão e destinação dos RCD na cidade de Boa Vista, por meio de levantamento bibliográfico e trabalho a campo com entrevistas às empresas de construção, empresas de transporte de entulho, o poder público municipal e com uma empresa de reciclagem de entulho. O diagnóstico revelou que a maioria das empresas de construção e de transporte de entulho não atende à legislação atual, por falta de fiscalização das autoridades. O poder público municipal se esforça para implementar o PMGIRS e tentar acabar com os depósitos clandestinos e obrigar as grandes geradoras a parar de despejar os RCD no aterro municipal. Foi identificado que existe uma empresa de reciclagem de entulho atuante na cidade de Boa Vista, porém, enfrenta dificuldades para se estabelecer num mercado que é pouco desenvolvido, sem incentivos e com a lei de ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) in the environmental, social and economic aspects are a big problem in most Brazilian cities, This problem also stands out in Boa Vista, capital and the largest city of Roraima state, with approximately 63% of state’s population, where the CDW represent almost 46% of the total mass of waste deposited in the municipal landfill. Considering that there is little information about the management of CDW in the city, because the Municipal Plan of Integrated Solid Waste Management of Boa Vista stills in implementation phase, this work aimed to diagnose the current situation and to suggest adjustments in the management and destination of the CDW in Boa Vista, through bibliographical survey and field work with interviews with construction companies, transportation companies of rubble, municipal public authorities and with a recycling company of rubble. The diagnosis revealed that most companies of construction and debris does not meet to current legislation, due to lack of supervision by the authorities. Municipal public authorities are struggling to implement the Municipal Plan of Integrated Solid Waste Management and try to stop clandestine deposits and force large generators to stop dumping CDW in the municipal landfill. It was identified that there is a recycling company of rubble in the city of Boa Vista, however, it faces difficulties to establish itself in a market that is poorly developed, without incentives and with the law of sustainab... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

Blanket bog habitat is a globally scarce resource and as a result is amongst the most important of British vegetation types in an international context. The habitat supports four Annex 1 bird species including golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) as well as red grouse (Lagopus lagopus) which is only found on heather moorland habitats and provides an important food source for golden eagle. The habitat is a Biodiversity Action Plan habitat with a target to restore 845,000 hectares of degraded blanket bog by 2015. At least 190,000 hectares of blanket bog habitat have been planted with conifer plantation, mainly Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), which is unlikely to mature until 2020-2030. This thesis explores the potential for restoring blanket bog, to provide habitat for red grouse, through the removal of immature Sitka spruce plantation. Three different tree clearance techniques are considered in terms of impact on the developing vegetation plant community. . The most cost effective method of clearance, in situ chipping using an excavator mounted flail, is investigated in detail; in particular the effect of wood-chip depth on changes in wood chip decomposition, plant colonisation, plant community development and vegetation structure. Monitoring and experimental data were analysed using multivariate methods including Principal Response Curves, Detrended Correspondence Analysis and Redundancy Analysis, and univariate methods including linear mixed effects and spatio-temporal models. Restoration of blanket bog vegetation is clearly achievable within a relatively short timescale that is dependent on the size of the trees and hence depth of wood chip. Plant community recovery following in situ chipping of trees (yield class 10) that are 20, 25 and 30 years old is predicted to take 7,9 and 10.5 years respectively. Vegetation structure is linked to plant community, with the cover and age of Calluna vulgaris being particularly important. As a result it seems likely that suitable red grouse habitat will be achieved as the target blanket bog plant community is reached.

Cílem této práce je vypracovat strategii vstupu produktu "A" farmaceutické společnosti "F" na český a slovenský trh. V této práci je tato strategie analyzována a hodnocena pomocí metody NPV (Net Present Value) a dalších metod. Na základě tohoto hodnocení je strategie vybrána. První kapitola zahrnuje teoretická východiska jednotlivých metod použitých pro účely této práce. Je zde zejména osvětlena metoda NPV a metody vhodné pro analýzu relevantních trhů, společnosti "F" produktu "A". Ve druhé kapitole je provedena analýza trhu České a Slovenské republiky a také analýza společnosti "F" a produktu "A". Tyto analýzy zahrnují jak vnitřní tak vnější potenciál společnosti i produktu. V závěrečné kapitole je vypracována navrhovaná strategie vstupu pro produkt 'A', jež je poté ekonomicky hodnoceny pomocí modelu NPV a dalších modelů.

HABÁSKO Jakub: The Point System as a Road Safety Tool. The Master´s thesis of Master degree, second grade, school year 2010/2011, Brno University of Technology, Institute of Forensic Engineering, May 2011, pages 198, pictures 12, tables 6, supplements 21. The thesis is elaborated in frame of the Master degree, study branch Expert Engineering in Transport. In this diploma thesis is in detail introduced Penalty Point System in our country and in other selected european countries. The thesis further contains the part about comparing Road Safety in our country and in other selected countries from the point of view of statistics. Most frequented offences and criminal offences in our country were analyzed. In the final part of this thesis is the suggestion of changes in point system. In the last chapter is introduced actual amendment of the Road Safety Act.

El propósito de este estudio es abordar el concepto de espacio y, en particular, su desocupación, a través de tres obras: Caja Vacía/Metafísica de Jorge Oteiza, Who´s afraid of red, yellow and blue de Barnett Newman y el Pabellón de Alemania de Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. El discurso se construye a través de un transitar sobre la banda de Moebius y en su vaivén y en su doblez aparecen y desparecen imágenes, ideas y textos sobre los que fluye la voluntad de construir una interpretación nueva sobre el objeto descrito. Martin Heidegger, Gilles Deleuze y Gaston Bachelard son los tres sostenes teóricos de esta estructura. Y más cerca y más lejos de este texto siempre se mantiene la difícil tarea de entender cuál es la forma de habitar y de ser (Ich bin) del hombre en la tierra.
The purpose of this study is to address the concept of space and, in particular, its disoccupation through three different pieces of work: Empty/Metaphysical Box by Jorge Oteiza, Who´s afraid of red, yellow and blue by Barnett Newman and German Pavilion by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. The discourse is constructed through a move on the Moebius band, its swing and double apparition and disappearance of images, ideas and texts which build a new interpretation of the subject matter. Martin Heidegger, Gilles Deleuze and Gaston Bachelard are the three theorists of this structure. The difficult task of understanding what is the way of living and being of man (Ich bin) on earth always remains what is closer and further away from this text.

There has been a rapid growth of private participation in infrastructure projects throughout the world in the last three decades. China as the largest developing country in the world has a huge amount of demands for high quality infrastructure projects and public services. The government has actively developed and used the Build-Operation-Transfer (BOT) model to deliver public facilities and services, particularly after 2002. Certain benefits have been brought by the adoption of the BOT model in China's motorway and water sectors. However, issues were also found in the processes behind BOT applications. International organisations as well as scholars suggested that China should learn experiences and lessons from the UK and its PFI scheme. The UK has been the leading country to use private finance in developing public buildings and services. However, very little has been written addressing how lessons from British PFIs can be learnt by China to improve its BOT practice. This study is an attempt to address this vacuum in the existed literature. It was designed to explore the current problems of using BOTs in Chinese motorway and water sectors and looks at what needs to be improved, based upon the PFI lessons in the UK. A mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods has been employed and various methods of data collection used in this study. These included: 21 interviews, 2 observations and one focus group and the analysis on 14 government reports about BOTs in China. The governments' decision-makers, directors, project managers and contractors were involved in the research to explore the results and emerging issues involving the implementation of BOT models in 87 Chinese motorway and water projects in 10 cities covering six provinces. As a result of its findings, the research is able to discuss and identify the relevant experiences and lessons from PFIs in the UK to improve further application of China's BOTs. This study fills the gap in knowledge regarding comparisons between PFIs and BOTs. It also gives recommendations for good practice in relation to Chinese BOT policy decision making, development and evaluation. Finally, the study hopes to give recommendations that enable the implementation of BOT model in Chinese motorway and water sectors to be more successful in the future.

Ce travail de doctorat en histoire de l’art médiéval s’est constitué en plusieurs étapes. D’un premier constat sur l’utilisation fréquente, voir même récurrente, et largement variée de l’iconographie des Vertus au Moyen Age, une spécificité s’est rapidement dégagée : leur présence dans les lieux de gouvernance, et aussi leur association régulière avec les hommes de pouvoir, tant dans la sphère civile que dans la religieuse. Par hommes de pouvoir, il est entendu ici les représentants des différents types de gouvernement de l’époque médiévale en Occident. Ce sont les rois, les princes, les membres de lignage royal, les hauts dignitaires religieux et civils, ou encore des tyrans et des représentants de gouvernement communal. Tous ces personnages sont constamment entourés d’images, notamment celles des Vertus. Les Vertus sont peintes sur les murs des lieux de gouvernance, elles sont sur les pages des manuscrits spécifiquement écrits pour les (futurs) gouvernants, elles sont incarnées par des jeunes filles lors des grandes manifestations publiques honorant le roi. Les Vertus sont également choisies pour orner les sépultures des rois francs et des princes de l’Eglise, afin d’illustrer le Bon gouvernement tenu par les défunts. Plus de quatre-vingt-dix tombeaux royaux et princiers portant des Vertus – majoritairement cardinales, mais pas uniquement – ont subsisté ; de nombreux témoignages attestent que d’autres encore existaient, à présent détruits, sur la période couvrant de la fin du XIIIe siècle au XVIIe, principalement en France et en Italie. Ainsi, sur quatre siècles, plus de cent gouvernants laïcs et religieux sont inhumés dans un ensemble iconographique assez similaire, dans lequel les Vertus constituent un élément primordial – on peut rappeler ici que la terminologie « cardinales » renvoie au « cardo » latin, le gond – de ce vocabulaire visuel.Notre thèse s’applique alors à démontrer que cette utilisation est à visée politique, qu’elle sert un but, celui de la communication visuelle souhaitée par le commanditaire, c’est-à-dire la plupart du temps, lui-même un gouvernant. Nous examinons les occurrences des Vertus dans ce cadre spécifique du pouvoir et nous démontrons comment les Vertus font partis du « vocable » des discours visuels de légitimation, d’autojustification, de glorification personnelle, avec l’objectif d’illustrer le Bon gouvernement en place. Cette lecture spécifique aux lieux de gouvernance a permis de mettre en avant que le vocabulaire iconographique des dirigeants est commun aux différentes cours européennes et aussi aux différents types de gouvernement, et ce, pendant quatre siècles
My doctoral work in the history of medieval art unfolds from a multistep process. Based on the initial finding pertaining to the pervasive use of an iconography of Virtues in the Middle Ages, something specific emerged: its presence in sites of government, as well as its common association with the powerful, be it in the civic or religious spheres. The powerful encompasses here individuals representing various types of government existing during the medieval era in the western world. These are kings, princes, members of royal families, religious and lay dignitaries, as well as tyrants and, on the other end of the spectrum, representatives of local governments. All these characters are surrounded by imagery, including of Virtues. Virtues are painted on the walls of the physical sites of governance, they are on the pages of manuscripts written for (future) governors, they are incarnated by young girls during large public demonstrations honoring the king.Virtues are also chosen as decoration for the tombs of the kings of France and the princes of the Church, in order to illustrate the Good government held by the deceased. More than ninety such royal and princely tombs showcasing Virtues – mostly cardinals, but not exclusively – are still standing. Many narratives attest to the existence of many more, now destroyed, during the period starting at the end of the 13th century, until the 17th, mostly in France and Italy. As such, over a period of four centuries, an excess of one hundred lay and religious governing individuals were buried in a similar iconographic ensemble, in which Virtues constitute a dominant aspect – as a reminder, the adjective “cardinal” stems from the Latin cardo, the hinge – in the visual vocabulary.Accordingly, this dissertation seeks to demonstrate that the use of Virtues serves the political goal of visual communication set by the sponsor of the art, himself usually in a governing position. I examine the occurrence of Virtues in the specific framework of power, and I demonstrate how Virtues are an integral part of the “vocabulary” of visual discourses of legitimation, self-justification, self-glorification, with the goal of illustrating the reigning Good government. An analysis focused on governing sites allows to establish that the iconographic vocabulary of those in power is shared throughout various European courts, as well as varied types of government, and this, during four centuries

The aim of the master thesis was a design of the steel-concrete composite road bridge for a main road in Ostrava. The part of the design was a variant design of the bridge which has theoretical spans equal to 44 m + 55 m + 44 m. Total span of the bridge is then 143 m. Two variants of the bearing steel structure are compared in the preliminary structural design, in the first one a twin-girder is designed and in the second one a box-girder bridge is assessed. The width of the bridge is 14 m and a launching of the bridge without temporary supports is chosen as the assembly method. The design of the bridge structure was carried out according to the valid standard ČSN EN. The final thesis contains variant design, structural design report, where a bill of quantities is stated, engineering report and drawings.

The aim of this work is design and assessment of the box-girder road bridge on by-road of Bludov. Bridge is designed as composite steel concrete bridge with 5 spans with distances between supports of 31,25 m; 40,0 m; 60,0 m; 60,0 m and 40,35 m. Main bearing structure is designed as open steel box-girder with reinforced concrete deck. Box girder is braced with longitudinal and transversal bracings. Main structure is separated for each traffic direction. The bridge crosses river Morava and railway in 2nd and 3rd span, respectively. The category of road I/44 is S 21,5/100. The height of steel box girder is designed as 2,5 m. Bridge will be built by incremental launching method, with in-situ casted concrete deck afterwards. The bridge is designed according to current standards. Supporting elements are designed from steel of class S 355 and concrete of class C35/45.

The subject of this diploma thesis is the design of post-tensioned road bridge over the valley. Two preliminary studies have been proposed and one of them was selected for more detailed processing. The selected variant is a box girder with a constant height 2,5 m. The construction id divided into five span and its total lenght is 240 m Span length of construction is 18,0 m. The construction was assessed for ultimate and serviceability limit state acording to standarts and regulation. Drawings and vizualizations ard parts of the diploma thesis.

Au lendemain de la guerre de Cent ans, on observe le roi de France, vainqueur par les armes en 1453, déployer une politique, un discours, une activité législative destinés à pérenniser la paix. Une grande attention est alors prêtée à la restauration des institutions judiciaires, lesquelles participent de la redéfinition de la géographie juridictionnelle d’un royaume longtemps divisé. C’est dans ce contexte qu’est mobilisée une institution oubliée de la royauté depuis près d’un demi-siècle : les grands jours, qui consistent en l’envoi pour quelques semaines d’un groupe de conseillers du parlement de Paris dans une ville choisie par le roi, pour y juger sur place plutôt qu’à Paris les appels pour un ressort déterminé. Entre 1454 et 1459, sept sessions sont tenues à Poitiers, Thouars, Montferrand et Bordeaux, puis disparaissent à nouveau du paysage institutionnel pour plus de vingt ans. Les grands jours apparaissent en ce milieu du XVe siècle comme un instrument politique en formation, dans un moment de basculement à la fois dans l’histoire du royaume de France et dans l’histoire de l’institution. Cet instrument permet une intensification de la politique judiciaire de la royauté et la reprise d’une relation judiciaire entre le roi, ses représentants et ses sujets
In the aftermath of the Hundred Years’ War, the King of France, winner by arms in 1453, displays a policy, a speech, a legislative activity, in order to perpetuate peace. Much attention is paid to the restoration of judicial institutions, which contribute to the redefinition of the jurisdictional geography of a kingdom divided for many years. In this context appears a forgotten institution, which had not been mobilized for nearly half a century: the grands jours, consisting in sending for a few weeks of a group of councilors of the Parliament of Paris in a city chosen by the King, to judge on the spot rather than in Paris the appeals for a determined area. Between 1454 and 1459, seven sessions are held in Poitiers, Thouars, Montferrand and Bordeaux, then disappear again from the institutional landscape for more than twenty years. The grands jours appear in this mid-fifteenth century as a political instrument in formation, in a moment of change in both the history of the kingdom of France and in the history of the institution. This instrument allows an intensification of the judicial policy of royalty and the resumption of a judicial relationship between the king, his representatives and his subjects

Dans le but de fournir un service GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) de localisation continu et disponible partout, les systèmes utilisant des pseudolites et des répéteurs semblent être des solutions pertinentes pour la localisation en indoor. Le système à répélites, inspiré de ces deux méthodes (répéteurs et pseudolites), est aussi proposé pour résoudre cette problématique. Les répélites sont des transmetteurs locaux qui, installés en intérieur, formeront une constellation locale. Ils émettent tous un signal GNSS unique mais déphasé par un délai spécifique à chacun d'eux. Ces délais sont nécessaires pour distinguer les différents signaux reçus au niveau du récepteur. Les travaux de cette thèses sont réalisés dans le cadre du système à répélites et dans l'objectif d'améliorer son architecture et de réduire ses interférences inter-système. En effet, l'architecture du système (un peu encombrante) et les interférences éventuelles avec les signaux satellitaires reçus par un récepteur placé à l'extérieur font partie des inconvénients de ce système. On cherche donc à traiter ces deux difficultés de façon à minimiser leurs effets. Dans une première partie, on étudie les différents codes GNSS existants dans la littérature ainsi que les techniques de modulation employées. Ceci nous mène à proposer des codes ayant un niveau d'interférence équivalent à la référence GPS (obtenue entre deux codes GPS) pour les bandes L1 de GPS et G1 de Glonass. Dans une seconde étape, on développe la modulation IMBOC (Indoor Modified Binary Offset Carrier) pour générer de nouveaux codes caractérisés par des niveaux d'interférence réduits (comparés à la référence GPS). Parmi ces codes il y a deux catégories : ceux qui sont adaptés aux systèmes à répélites (émettant un code unique) et ceux qui sont adaptés aux systèmes pseudolites. Une étude théorique et des simulations des niveaux d'interférences pour les codes émis dans la bande GPS et Glonass sont réalisées pour déterminer les gains en termes de niveaux de bruit. Ce gain (par rapport à la référence GPS) en puissance d'interférence s'élève à 16 dB pour Glonass et 20 dB pour GPS. Pour valider les performances de ces codes, on génère les signaux IMBOC et on observe les interférences réelles qu'ils induisent sur un récepteur GPS recevant un signal satellitaire. Dans la deuxième partie, on utilise la fibre optique pour transmettre le signal du générateur jusqu'aux répélites et pour créer les délais initiaux par propagation du signal dans des bobines de fibre. Ainsi on remplace les câbles coaxiaux et les montages électroniques (de déphasage) par des bobines de fibres plus légères, facile à installer et à faible perte de puissance. Il reste cependant à évaluer avec une précision centimétrique les délais réels induits sur chaque signal dans le but de garantir une précision de localisation inférieure au mètre. Cette précision semble en effet représenter un bon compromis entre complexité globale du système de localisation et réponse à un ensemble suffisant de besoins des utilisateurs potentiels. On développe alors une technique d'estimation des délais basée sur la mesure de déphasage (entre deux signaux sinusoïdaux) et une analyse statistique des séries de mesures. Pour finir, on présente quelques résultats de localisation obtenus avec notre système à répélites déployé dans un environnement indoor typique

This paper deals with problem of procedurally generated city. There are described steps of creation of city. These steps are: road generation, extraction of minimal cycles in graph, division of lots and generation of buildings. Road and buildings are generated by L-system. Our system generate a city from input images, such as height map, map of population density and map of water areas. Proposed approaches are used for implementation of application for generation of city.

The diploma thesis is focused on solving road bridge situated between Roudno and Razová village over the water basin Slezská Harta. Before the design itself 3 studies were created and compared together. The selected variant is a continuous box girder with inclined walls, post-tensioned by bonded cables. The girder of a total lenght 148,0 m and width 13,6 m is divided into three spans. Height of the girder is 3,3 m. A detailed structural design, including construction limit state assessment, prestress design and time dependent analysis verification is processed. The design and the assessments of temporary and permanent situations are made according to valid standarts and regulations. Drawings and vizualizations are parts of the diploma thesis.

Erosion et transferts de matières (i.e. matières en suspension-MES, associées avec le carbone et les éléments traces métalliques - ETM) par les fleuves et rivières sont contrôlés par des facteurs naturels (ex. géologie, climat) et peuvent être significativement modifiés par les pressions anthropiques et/ou, le changement climatique. En se basant sur une banque de données de concentrations en MES et de débits, à hautes résolutions temporelles (journalières) sur le long terme (1960-2008) à l’exutoire du bassin versant du Fleuve Rouge (Chine/Vietnam), les taux d’érosion ont été estimés en moyenne à 600 t/km²/an avec des valeurs variant de 160 à 1330 t/km²/an selon les années. Cette large gamme de taux d’érosion est liée fortement aux conditions hydrologiques interannualles, mais aussi à la présence de réservoir de HoaBinh en 1989. En effet, à partir 1989, chaque année, 50% de matières transportées par le Fleuve Rouge sont piégées dans ce réservoir, correspondant à un taux de sédimentation dans le réservoir de 52 à 200 cm/an. La variabilité spatiale des flux de MES du bassin versant du Fleuve Rouge au Vietnam suggère que les MES du Fleuve Rouge viennent principalement de l’érosion en amont du bassin versant (~80%), contrairement à ce que l’on observe pour le flux liquide (~21%). De plus, l’échange des processus érosion-transport-sédimentation dans la partie médiane du bassin versant dépend fortement des conditions hydrologiques ; à l’inverse, une forte sédimentation a été observée à l’entrée du Fleuve Rouge dans le delta, quelle que soit la condition hydrologique. De même, dans la partie vietnamienne du Fleuve Rouge, les facteurs majeurs influant sur le taux d’érosion seraient les maximas d’élévation et la pente moyenne du bassin. Un suivi hebdomadaire à bimestriel en 2008-2009 des paramètres biogéochimiques (carbone et ETM) ont permis de caractériser la qualité des eaux et des particules sur l’ensemble du bassin versant du Fleuve Rouge. Les concentrations en carbone organique (particulaire et dissous) dans les eaux du Fleuve Rouge sont relativement faibles et majoritairement d’origine allochtone. Les concentrations en carbone inorganique dissous (CID) sont très importantes, en faisant le composé majoritaire (60-90%) des eaux du Fleuve Rouge, en relation avec la présence de roches carbonatées dans le bassin versant. En terme de concentrations en ETM, la qualité des eaux et des particules transportées dans le bassin versant du Fleuve Rouge au Vietnam peut être qualifiée de mauvaise dans la partie amont et de médiocre en aval. L’étude de la répartition entre phase dissoute et phase particulaire a montré que l’essentiel des transferts se fait sous forme particulaire pour plupart des ETM (excepté Mo), dû aux forts taux d’érosion mécanique. De plus, l’étude à haute résolution spatiale (40 points) réalisée sur l’ensemble bassin versant du Fleuve Rouge au Vietnam des concentrations en ETM et de leur spéciation (dissous et particulaire) a mis en évidence de fortes anomalies géochimiques dans la partie amont. Enfin, l’identification des signatures géochimiques des particules érodées a révélé des signatures similaires entre les particules de l’amont et de l’aval du Fleuve Rouge, démontrant une contribution quasi-exclusive de la partie chinoise aux flux de matière (80-95% au flux total)
Erosion and transfer of suspended particulate matter (SPM), and associated elements (e.g. carbon, trace metal elements-ETM) by river are attributed to a combination of natural parameters related to geology and climatic influences and affected by human disturbance. Based on an extensive dataset of daily water discharge and SPM concentrations between 1960 and 2008 at the outlet of the Red River system, the annual SPM yield of the Red River is estimated at 600 t/km²/yr (ranged between 160 and 1330 t/km²/yr). This large range of sediment yield is strongly related to the inter-annual hydrological conditions and the operation of the HoaBinh Reservoir in 1989. In fact, the HoaBinh Reservoir reduces annual SPM delivery to the delta by half after 1989, i.e. the mean sedimentation rate of 52-200 cm/yr. The spatial variability of SPM fluxes in the Red River watershed suggests that most SPM were eroded from the upstream catchment located in China (80%), contrasting the water discharge with only 21%. In addition, the complex processes of erosion/sedimentation occurring in the middle Red River basin strongly depend on hydrological conditions; in contrast, an important sedimentation was observed at the entry point to the Red River Delta whatever the hydrological conditions. The major factors controlling the spatial variation of the sediment yields of the Vietnamese Red River watershed are maximum elevation and mean surface.During 2008-2009, high resolution sampling (weekly to bimestrial) of biogeochemical parameters (carbon and ETM) were performed at five key sites along the Red River system. The organic carbon (particulate and dissolved) concentrations in the Red River are relatively low and mainly allochtonous; in contrast, the dissolved inorganic carbon are very important and is the major carbon form (60 -90%) in relation to the abundance of carbonate rocks in the Red River watershed. In terms of ETM concentrations, the quality of water and SPM transported in the Vietnamese Red River watershed can be classified as poor upstream and as mediocre downstream. The study of the partition between the dissolved and particulate phases showed that most ETM transported in the Red River are in particulate phase (except Mo), due to the high mechanical erosion rate. In addition, high spatial resolution study (40 sites) performed in the Vietnamese Red River watershed of ETM concentrations and their speciation (dissolved and particulate) has highlighted strong geochemical anomalies in the upstream Red River. Finally, the identification of geochemical signals showed a similarity in the geochemical signal of particulate metal transport between upstream and downstream of the Red River, suggesting a contribution quasi-exclusively from the upstream part (in China) in the ETM fluxes of the Red River (80 -95%)
Quá trình xói mòn và vận chuyển vật chất (chất rắn lơ lửng, các-bon và kim loại nặng) bởi các dòng sông, suối chịu ảnh hưởng tổng hợp từ các quá trình tự nhiên (địa chất, khí hậu) và các hoạt động của con người. Dựa trên các bảng số liệu ngày về hàm lượng chất rắn lơ lửng và lưu lượng nước trong giai đoạn từ năm 1960 đến năm 2008 trên trục chính của sông Hồng tại trạm Sơn Tây (hạ nguồn của hệ thông sông Hồng trước khi chảy vào vùng đồng bằng), mục tiêu đầu tiên của luận án là nghiên cứu sự biến đổi theo thời gian tải lượng trung bình chất rắn lơ lửng của sông Hồng. Các kết quả cho thấy trong giai đoạn quan trắc, hàng năm sông Hồng chuyển tải ra biển khoảng 24×106 đến 200×106 tấn/năm (trung bình các năm là 90×106 tấn /năm), tương đương với hệ số xâm thực từ 160 đến 1330 tấn/km²/năm. Chính sự phụ thuộc mạnh mẽ của hàm lượng chất rắn lơ lửng vào các điều kiện thuỷ văn khác nhau đã tạo ra sự đa dạng về tải lượng chất rắn chuyển tải hàng năm của hệ thống sông Hồng. Tuy nhiên, trong những năm 1989-1990, khi hồ chứa Hoà Bình đi vào hoạt động, tải lượng chất rắn lơ lửng chuyển tải ra biển của hệ thống sông Hồng đã giảm sút còn khoảng 50×106 tấn, tức là đã giảm khoảng 50%. Dựa trên chiều cao và thể tích của hồ Hoà Bình, hệ số lắng đọng chất rắn lơ lửng trong lòng hồ được xác định vào khoảng 52-200 cm/năm. Như vậy, sau 20 năm đi vào hoạt động, độ dầy lớp bùn đất lắng đọng trong hồ Hoà Bình khoảng 10.4-40m, làm giảm đáng kể thể tích của hồ Hoà Bình.Mục tiêu tiếp theo của luận án là thiết lập cân bằng hàm lượng chất rắn lơ lửng trong các đoạn sông từ thượng nguồn sông Hồng (trạm Lào Cai), tại các hạ nguồn của 3 nhánh sông chính (sông Hồng tại Phú Thọ, sông Đà và sông Lô tại Việt Trì) và tại Sơn Tây trong thời kỳ 2003-2008. Diễn biến của các quá trình xói mòn, chuyển tải và lắng đọng diễn ra trên các đoạn sông một cách phức tạp, đan xen lẫn nhau và phụ thuộc chặt chẽ vào các điều kiện thuỷ văn. Tuy vậy, hiện tượng lắng đọng mạnh mẽ các chất rắn lơ lửng trong vùng hạ nguồn của hệ thống sông Hồng (từ Phú Thọ đến Sơn Tây) đã được ghi nhận trong tất cả các năm quan trắc, không phụ thuộc vào điều kiện thuỷ văn. Ngoài ra, dựa vào các số liệu thu thập được, chúng tôi đã lập bản đồ xói mòn cho toàn bộ lưu vực sông Hồng tại Việt Nam. Hơn thế, các kết quả còn chỉ ra rằng độ cao và độ dốc trung bình lưu vực là hai yếu tố chính ảnh hưởng đến hệ số xâm thực của lưu vực sông Hồng.Đánh giá chất lượng nước và chất lượng chất rắn lơ lửng chuyển tải trong hệ thống sông Hồng là mục tiêu thứ 3 của luận án. Để đạt được mục tiêu trên, chúng tôi đã tiến hành lấy các mẫu nước và chất rắn lơ lủng trên trục chính cũng như trên các nhánh sông chính của sông Hồng để phân tích hàm lượng các-bon hữu cơ và vô cơ cũng như hàm lượng kim loại nặng trong hai năm 2008-2009, với chu kì lấy mẫu hàng tuần đến hàng tháng. Hàm lượng các-bon hữu cơ (dạng hoà tan và lơ lửng) trong nước sông Hồng tương đối thấp tại tất cả các điểm lấy mẫu và nguồn gốc chính của các-bon hữu cơ là allochtone. Ngược lại, hàm lượng các-bon vô cơ hoà tan rất cao, chiếm khoảng 60-90% hàm lượng các-bon tổng và được giải thích bằng sự có mặt phong phú của núi đá vôi trên toàn lưu vực. Đối với kim loại nặng, dựa trên các kết quả phân tích về hàm lượng kim loại nặng trong nước và trong chất rắn lơ lửng và các tiêu chuẩn đánh giá chất lượng nước QCVN 08, chúng tôi đã đánh giá chất lượng nước cho toàn bộ hệ thống sông Hồng từ Lào Cai đến Sơn Tây. Nếu nước sông Hồng trên vùng thượng nguồn (tại Lào Cai và Phú Thọ) không đảm bảo chất lượng để có thể sử dụng làm nguồn nước sinh hoạt thì tại các vùng hạ lưu của sông Hồng, sông Đà và sông Lô, nhìn chung nước của 3 nhánh sông có thể dùng để cung cấp nước sinh hoạt nhưng phải qua các quá trình xử lí tách cặn lơ lửng. Hơn nữa, trong năm 2008, chúng tôi đã thực hiện hai chương trình lấy mẫu nước, chất rắn lơ lửng và trầm tích trên 40 điểm phân bố đều trên toàn bộ lưu vực sông Hồng tại Việt Nam trong mùa cạn và mùa mưa

The subject of this diploma thesis is the elaboration of a construction technological project for the construction of a residential complex Nový Žižkov in Poděbrady, where I will focus on the technological stage of the gross building of the main building SO-01 apartment building – section BI+BII (56 dwelling units). The supporting system of the building is composed of a combination of monolithic reinforced concrete structures and ceramic blocks. The foundation of a residential building is designed as a reinforced concrete basin with reinforcing ribs. The diploma thesis contains a text and attachment part.

A performance and examination of the self-conceived play entitled, “The Red Box.” An exploration into the devastating loss of a loved one and what, after such a loss, a person remembers and holds dear.
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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程系
100
In this study, a total of nine large scale concrete-filled box column (CFBC) specimens were tested under cyclic loading to study their seismic behavior. Among the nine specimens, six of them were facilitated with tie rods to enhance the ductility of the columns. The influence of high axial load to the flexural strength and ductility was studied. ASTM A572 Gr. 50 steel and concrete with specified compressive strength of 420 kgf/cm2 were used to fabricate the specimens. Test results showed that the width-to-thickness ratio requirement in the building code may result in insufficient ductility of CFBC columns when axial load applied to the column reaches 40% of the nominal axial strength of the column. Use of properly arranged tie rods is proved to be able to enhance moment capacity, plastic hinge rotation capacity, ductility, and energy dissipation of the CFBCs. A design method of tie rods to provide sufficient confining effect to the CFBC in plastic hinge zone was proposed.

碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程系
98
The experimental of the concrete filled box column with tie rods test result, according to the Taiwan SRC code the seismic design limited when the material used 3.5tf/cm^2 grade of steel plate and the 420kgf/cm^2 concrete stress. The column sections width-to-thickness ratio should not larger than 42. In this thesis, the experiment will plan 3 specimens of CFBC with b/t of 40, 48 and 60 without tie rods to investigated the flexural behavior and 7 specimens of CFBC with b/t of 48 and 60 equip the tie rods. From the test result, the specimens without tie rod the plastic drift angles are all larger than 3%. It also provides a method of estimating the tie rods confining stress. The confining stress has effectual to improved the plastic drift angles of CFBC, if the plastic drift angles of CFBC with b/t of 48 and 60 can be as good as 40 when the tie rods can provide the confining stress lager than 35kgf/cm^2.

The goal of this thesis is to show how option valuation techniques can be used to value managerial flexibility in Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) toll road projects. It begins by discussing the dramatic shift towards public-private partnerships and BOTs in the infrastructure industry. It then looks at how traditional capital budgeting techniques often fail to capture important sources of value created by flexibility. It discusses real options and introduces Contingent Claims Analysis (CCA) as a means of valuing flexibility which takes into account the opportunity to construct replicating portfolios in the market. It applies CCA to the real options present in each phase of a BOT toll road project. During the build phase, it looks at the option to abandon, the option to change scale/technology, and time-to-build flexibility. During the operate phase, it analyzes tollsetting flexibility, development gain options, and project financing flexibility. At the transfer phase it considers arrangements with option-like features. In conclusion, this thesis emphasizes the relevance of real option valuation techniques to BOT toll road projects and points the way to further research fusing the fields of transport economics and financial economics.

碩士
國立屏東科技大學
環境工程與科學系
91
Basic-Oxygen-Furnace(BOF) slag, generated from steel making process, is one of the by-products of integrated steel mill. Total generation rate is about 1.2 million tons per year at China Steel Corporation, Taiwan. The major chemical compositions of BOF slag are CaO, SiO2, (Fe2O3+FeO), MnO and MgO. The utilization ways of BOF slag are raw material for cement, aggregate for concrete, road-paving aggregate, Blast Furnace flux, land improvement, fertilizer, civil construction and landfill. High free CaO content of 2~10% was found in BOF slag, this would cause not only an expansion in volume when in contacting with H2O, but also a high pH value of 12.1 to 12.4. Therefore the environmental effect on the utilization of BOF slag should be assessed from the views of volume stability and high basicity. The utilization of BOF slag as farm road paving and its environmental compatibility are the two main topic to investigate in this study, including slag utilized as farm road paving, and its effects on soil in the cultivated land, surface water and groundwater. Initially the hazardous component of BOF slag and its relative quality were analyzed, then a soil column leaching test was followed to assess the leaching behavior of heavy metals. Besides, the result of previous data were used to evaluate the environmental impacts on soil and groundwater. The results revealed that BOF slag used as farm road paving raised the pH value and enhance the fertility of the soil by increasing Ca, K, and Na contents, meanwhile the qualities of soil and groundwater all fulfilled the regulation standards. BOF slag has no negative effects on corps and organic habitants in the vicinity of the farm road. The soil column leaching test also showed that there was no significant heavy metal releasing behavior. So far, we would conclude that applying BOF slag on the farm road paving will not cause any environmental contamination.

Title: Influence of errors to regression model Author: Bc. Vlasta Poliačková Department: Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Petr Lachout, CSc. Supervisor's e-mail address: Petr.Lachout@mff.cuni.cz Abstract: The submitted work deals with the regression model, and the influence of errors to regression. Thesis describes different types of violations of assumptions re- quired to the error term and their impact to the properties of the regression model. In the next part, there are discussed various statistical approaches applicable in the case of violation assumptions of regression model such as heteroscedasticity or autocor- relation of the residuals. In the application part, there is used mainly knowledge of Box - Jenkins methodology. In this section it is described in detail how to build a Box - Jenkins models and forecasts of future values for various real financial time series. In processing of the data are used models of ARMA, ARIMA and SARIMA. In an example, forecasts of the models are compared to real future values of the time series. Keywords: regression, violation of assumptions, error term, Box-Jenkins methodo- logy, time series

An oral history of television comedy from the early 1950s through the mid 1970s as told by the writers Sydney Zelinka, Larry Rhine, Milt Josefsberg, and the team of Seaman Jacobs and Fred S. Fox. The shows they wrote for included "The Honeymooners," "The Phil Silvers Show," "The Red Skelton Hour," Bob Hope specials, "Here's Lucy," "All in the Family," and "Maude." These five writers were working in the earliest days of the medium and spent years writing for the personalities--from performers to producers--who pioneered and defined it. Most of them also wrote scripts during one of broadcast television's greatest periods of transformation, when comedy took a decidedly topical turn that continued to have a significant impact on television comedy in the decades that followed.
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The objective of this qualitative study was to explore the extent to which body maps could be implemented by educators as part of the fulfilment of their pastoral role. I approached the study from a constructivistinterpretivist perspective underpinned by action research principles. I implemented an instrumental case study as research design and selected a primary school located in an informal settlement community in the Nelson Mandela Metropole. Ten female educators at this school, three other members of a research team and I took part in the process of data generation. Having acquired baseline information during the first field visit, a fellow researcher and I implemented an intervention during which the techniques of body mapping and making memory boxes (the study focus of my fellow researcher) were introduced to the participants. We then requested them to apply the two techniques (as part of a research assignment) before we undertook a second field visit. At the second visit, we attempted to explore the participants' experiences during the application of the techniques. Throughout the study I relied on focus group discussions, observation, critical self-reflection, auditive methods, visual methods, photos, a reflective research journal and field notes as data collection and capture methods. I analysed and interpreted raw data thematically. Baseline information indicated that educators were quite clear about the theoretical nature of the pastoral role, yet the practical application of this role presented a challenge. Data generated after the intervention indicates how educators understood and used the body mapping technique. This theme was refined into subthemes dealing with implementation modes, application contexts and application outcomes of the body mapping technique. The second main theme indicated the applicability of body maps in the classroom context as part of the pastoral role. This theme comprises subthemes relating to general curricula, practical considerations, alternative uses and application modes, pastoral responsibilities that were facilitated (and not) by participants' use of the body mapping technique. Research findings therefore seem to indicate that the body mapping technique could be used by educators in fulfilling their pastoral role.
Dissertation (MEd (Educational Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2007.
Educational Psychology
MEd
unrestricted

In my thesis, I argue that the Native American activism of the 1960s and 1970s does not fall into the category of Civil Rights Movement because of its significantly different goals, and that the fundamentally different character of sovereignty rights also keeps the Indian struggle invisible in American understandings of U.S. political and social history. According to my analysis, the terms tribal sovereignty, self-determination, and treaty rights describe the ultimate goals of the Native American activists in the 1960s and 1970s the best. The decade between 1964 and 1974 witnessed the rise of radical Indian activism, which succeeded in reminding the general public and politicians that Indians are still present in the United States. Furthermore, it influenced a whole generation of Native Americans who found new pride in being Indian. However, this current of American activism is not known so well by the general U.S. public. This thesis will describe this state as "selective visibility" deriving from U.S. selective historical memory, only noticing and remembering those events and images concerning Native Americans that can be simply understood, somehow relate to the U.S. set of values, and fit in the national historical narrative.