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Journal articles on the topic 'Rocks destruction'
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1
THANG, Dam, Vladimir BELIN, and Tran DOANH. "STUDIES OF THE SHAPED CHARGES EFFECT WITH A HEMISPHERICAL ECCENTRIC SHAPE RECESS FOR THE ROCKS DESTRUCTION." Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories 13, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2021-13-2-281-291.
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The method of outdoor installation of explosive charges is usually used in the destruction of rocks in conditions in which the method of drilling and blasting using borehole or borehole charges is difficult to apply due to objective conditions. The productivity of rock destruction by the outdoor installation of a concentrated charge is very low. This is due to the fact that such an explosion is characterized by a large loss of energy in the environment. The destruction of rocks by an explosion using shaped charges (CW) to destroy the rock is one solution to increase the useful energy of the destruction of the rock compared to charges placed outside. To achieve the optimal effect of destruction of the rock by cumulative charges, it is necessary to, so that for each type of rock, a specific type of shaped charges can be determined with the appropriate performance and efficiency of the use of explosives. The stronger the rock, the more efficient the short-circuit should be, and vice versa. Thus, for effective rock crushing, it is necessary to develop and produce a number of different types of shaped charges. The use of shaped explosive charges allows you to increase the utilization rate of the useful energy of the explosion and increase the destruction zone of the rock. At a fixed mass of the explosive, the destructive effect of the explosive charge placed on the surface of the rock, it depends on the shape of the charge and the geometric parameters of the charge. Shaped charges with an eccentric hemispherical shape have a coefficient of use of the useful energy of the explosion for the destruction of rock, more than 2.4 times compared to conventional concentrated charges of the same mass.
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Popov, Stanislav, Yevhen Babets, Oleksii Kryvenko, Yevhen Vasylenko, and Oleksandr Romanenko. "Regularities of elastic oscillations development during crystalline rocks destruction and mathematical modelling of the destruction process." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 970, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/970/1/012051.
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Abstract The article is devoted to determining regularities of occurrence and development of seismoacoustic oscillations in rocks under loading to the moment of their destruction. Investigations conducted by the authors enable ascertaining dependences of occurrence and development of such oscillations for crystalline rocks of different hardness that are typical of iron ore deposits of Kryvyi Rih basin. A mathematical model based on the obtained dependences makes it possible to determine the moment of the instable stress state onset – the indication of rock destruction – using characteristics of seismoacoustic waves. This model is essential for forecasting the moment of hazard occurrence based on geomechanical conditions of mining iron ore deposits.
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Lee, K. Kh, and V. V. Ivanov. "Studies of Changes in the Electrical Resistivity of Rocks of the Tashtagol Mine in a Critical Rock-bump Hazardous State Based on the Kinetic Concept of Solids Destruction." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 12 (December 2020): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2020-12-19-25.
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Main hypotheses of the occurrence of seismic events centers, including rock bumps are presented. Equations of kinetic theory of strength are given. A two-stage kinetic model of crack accumulation and catastrophic destruction of rocks is formulated. It consists in the fact that at the first stage of the rock bump preparation there is a diffuse accumulation of cracks, and at the second — merging of cracks, appearance of enlarged cracks and formation of the destruction center. The results are presented concerning the theoretical and laboratory measurements of change of specific electric resistance of the host rocks and ores of iron ore deposit at mechanical loading and destruction. It has been shown that the relative change of specific electrical resistance of the low conductive rocks depends significantly on the ratio of electrical resistance of the rock itself and charged zones near the surface of the incipient cracks during rock loading. With the accumulation of cracks in the process of mechanical loading of the host rocks of the Tashtagol mine, the number of charged point defects of the structure on the crack edges increases. Specific electrical resistance of such rocks decreases with the accumulation of the number of cracks. In the ore bodies and magnetic iron ores, on the contrary, with increasing disturbance, the electrical resistance increases. There is regular change in the electrical resistance of rocks in the intermediate and limit states. For ores and magnetic iron ores, the critical change is 40 %, and for the host rocks with high electrical resistance — 28–37 %. Obtained values of change of the specific electric resistance in the rock critical state can be used for prediction of the rock bumps.
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Korol, Anton. "The influence of the rigidity of mining security structures on the stability of side rocks in the coal-rock massif." Technology audit and production reserves 3, no. 1(59) (June 30, 2021): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.235403.
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The object of research is the processes of controlling the state of side rocks to prevent the collapse of the stratified rock strata in the coal-rock massif containing the workings. The studies carried out made it possible to establish the influence of the rigidity of the guard structures of mine workings on the stability of side rocks in the coal-rock massif. It is proved that as a result of the action of an external compressive load on the supporting lateral rocks, the structure, in the form of a model of bunches made of wooden posts, increases its rigidity until the destruction of the security structure. After that, there is an increase in the convergence of side rocks and their destruction. The change in the stiffness of the crushed rock in the filling massif model, which is used to support the lateral rocks, occurs as a result of the compaction of the original material. This is due to repackaging of crushed rock fractions of different sizes and its additional grinding. As a result of this interaction of the side rocks with the filling massif, the integrity of the roof and soil is ensured and convergence is limited. To assess the stability of side rocks, it is proposed to use a dimensionless stress concentration factor k. This coefficient takes into account the rigidity of the guard structures of the mine workings and the flexural rigidity of the side rocks. It was found that when the values of the coefficient k are close to zero (k→0), there is a loss of stability of the guard structures of mine workings and the destruction of side rocks in the coal-rock massif. The preservation of the integrity of the side rocks and the stability of security structures is ensured at values of k>0.1, which corresponds to the parameters of the pliable supporting structures. Most favorably on the condition of side rocks in the coal-rock massif is influenced by the method of backing up the mined-out space of crushed rock. The use of this method excludes the collapse of side rocks. When solving the problem of stability of mine workings at the stage of making technical decisions, it is necessary to predetermine the issues of rigidity of security structures with deformation characteristics of side rocks.
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Mydlikowski, Remigiusz, and Krzysztof Maniak. "Measurement of Electromagnetic Field Component Emissions as a Precursor of Emerging Hazard in Coal Mines." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology 4, no. 2019 (December 30, 2019): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2019.135419.
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The article presents the results of research concerning electromagnetic (EM) field emitted by rocks during the process of their destruction. The paper describes a measuring stand designed for subjecting rock samples to axial crushing. During the destruction of rock samples, both components of the electromagnetic field emitted by the rock were recorded. The paper presents the results of research on hard coal samples, presenting the obtained time domain waveforms and frequency spectrum of the emitted EM field components. Further potential uses of tests concerned with EM emitted by rocks are determined. Applications registering EM field in mine environments may provide an early mine collapse warnings.
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Potokin, Aleksandr S., and Andrei A. Klimov. "Efficiency comparative analysis of electric pulse destruction of different types rocks of the Murmansk region." Transaction Kola Science Centre 11, no. 7-2020 (December 30, 2020): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2307-5252.2020.7.19.012.
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Electric pulse destruction of certain types of mineral raw materials has a number of advantages over mechanical methods of destruction, for example, selectivity of destruction without damaging the crystal structures of the destroyed raw materials; lower energy intensity of the processes of destruction of hard rocks: no additional contamination of materials when crushing especially hard and abrasive materials. Comparative analysis of the results of destruction of various types of rocks allows us to conclude about the advantages or disadvantages of electric pulse destruction of certain rocks.
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Wu, Chunyan, Jingong Zhang, Wei Xiong, Bo Li, Yijun Wang, Jinning Zhang, and Qiang Cui. "Paleogene-Neogene Cap Rocks and its Relationship with Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Zhanhua Sag." Open Petroleum Engineering Journal 9, no. 1 (December 29, 2016): 299–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874834101609010299.
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To analyse the Zhanhua Paleogene–Neogene cap rocks and its relationship with hydrocarbon accumulation, the seal lithology, the relationship between compaction of argillite rock and its sealing capacity, and its destruction by faults and fractures were studied. The results indicate that there are four types of cap rocks: argillite rock and silty mudstone, microcrystalline carbonate, dense cemented sandstone and dense cemented carbonate. Among these cap rocks, argillite rock is the main type in the Zhanhua Sag. According to the evolutionary characteristics of the argillite rock and its destruction by fractures and faults, the argillite cap can be classified into three categories: porosity cap, fracture transformation cap and the fault transformation cap. Among their sealing capacities, the porosity cap is the best, followed by the fracture transformation cap, and the fault transformation cap is the worst. Through the analysis of the relationship between existing oil & gas reservoirs and the distribution characteristics of the Paleogene–Neogene cap rocks in the Zhanhua Sag, it was found that the cap combination which was below or above the reservoir together controlled the hydrocarbon accumulation and preservation. It means that the destruction of the cap below or down-dip the reservoir is a necessary condition for hydrocarbon accumulation, and only when the sealing capacity of the cap rock above or up-dip the reservoir is better than that of below or down-dip the reservoir, hydrocarbon could be efficiently stored in reservoirs, thus could be effectively enriched.
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Romanova, Victoria S., and Viktor V. Gabov. "The Effect of Combined Loads on the Destruction of Rocks with a Granular Structure." Materials Science Forum 1022 (February 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1022.1.
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The article addresses the features of rock disintegration based on the principles of selective and preferential destruction in high-frequency cone vibratory crushers with a free-turning inner cone. Based on the common method for determining the ultimate strength of rocks, a method for investigating the process of ore destruction under repeated and versatile influences has been proposed depending on the structure of the crushed material. The results of an experimental research of the destruction of rock samples on a press with limited force are given.
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ERMOLOVICH, E. A., and A. V. OVCHINNIKOV. "INVESTIGATION OF THERMAL AND MATERIAL FIELDS INFL UENCE ON CHANGES OF PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CHALK FOR ASSESSMENT OF ITS WORKABILITY." News of the Tula state university. Sciences of Earth 2, no. 1 (2020): 247–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.46689/2218-5194-2020-2-1-247-263.
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Experimental studies were performed and the dependences of the influence of thermal and material fields on the change in the following physical and mechanical characteristics of the chalk were established: density, the ultimate compressive strength, ultimate tensile strength, ultimate shear strength, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, and stickiness. The geomechanical and energy criteria characterizing the chalk workability are calculated: the coefficient of hardness, the indicator of the difficulty of rock destruction, the indicator of the difficulty of rock excavation, the energy intensity of digging and rock destruction. A classification of chalk by workability was developed, in which 5 categories of rocks are distinguished: I -soft chalk, of very low strength; II - dense semi-solid chalk, low strength; III - solid dense chalk of increased strength; IV - solid strong chalk; V - rocky chalk
10
Averin, E. A. "FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF THE USE OF V-TYPE DISC CUTTERS IN TUNNELING AS A REFERENCE POINT FOR PROSPECTIVE STUDIES IN RUSSIA." Mining science and technology, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/2500-0632-2018-4-41-50.
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Equipping of TBMs with rock cutting tools in the modern foreign practice of tunneling is based on the usage of CCS-type disc cutters. But there is also another type of tool for rock destruction when tunneling. It is a V-type disc cutter. As practice shows, in some situations it can provide greater work efficiency than a standard tool. Domestic research in this direction is mainly limited to the study of V-type tools of relatively small diameter for equipping roadheaders. Thus, this experience cannot be applied, if necessary, to the tunneling operations with TBM. Therefore, the studying of foreign experience on this issue is advisable. The paper analyzes studies conducted by foreign experts in the process of tunneling for various purposes in Turkey in the first decade of this century. These studies include the determination of a wide range of physical and technical properties of rocks, laboratory and field tests to determine the strength characteristics of the rock destruction process, comparison of laboratory, field and theoretical values of forces and energy performance of TBMs. As a result of the tests, it was found that the effectiveness of rock destruction is determined not only by their strength, but also by struc-tural and texture features. Differences were also observed when comparing laboratory experiments with field data, and comparing laboratory and full-scale force values on disc cutters in the process of rock destruction with theoretical values. In addition, the prospective areas of application of V-type disk cutters include the destruction of viscous non-abrasive rocks with a small amount of mineral inclusions or, with some reservations, the destruction of very hard and abrasive rocks. Not all conclusions made on the basis of the analysis performed coincide with the opinions of the authors of the initial studies, therefore, for a more complete understanding of the topic, it is recommended to read the literature (especially foreign literature) from the list of quoted sources.
11
Protosenya, A. G., and V. A. Aleksandrov. "Modeling combined destruction of rocks and solids." Soviet Mining Science 22, no. 3 (May 1986): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02500867.
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Ozhigin, S. G., I. K. Chunuev, R. A. Musin, and S. G. Tyan. "Substantiation of the specific energy intensity of drilling as a criterion characterizing the explosive destruction of rocks on the example of the Koktaszhal." Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ/Complex Use of Mineral Resources/Mineraldik Shikisattardy Keshendi Paidalanu 321, no. 2 (March 2, 2022): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31643/2022/6445.20.
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Drilling and blasting operations are one of the most important components of the mining industry. Currently, further improvement and optimization of technological processes at mining enterprises are possible mainly due to the determination and constant monitoring of the mining and technological properties of the rock mass – their drillability, explosivity and exaviability. A prospective assessment of the explosivity of rocks in the massif, which is the basis for designing and calculating the parameters of the DBO, is currently possible only using the energy parameters of technological work. The article provides information on methods for studying the strength and elastic characteristics of rocks in natural occurrence. The results of the study of the relationship between the specific energy intensity of drilling and explosive destruction of rocks are presented. The correlation between the specific energy intensity of drilling and the propagation velocity of elastic longitudinal waves is also considered. A comparative analysis is carried out between the traditional calculation of the explosive index using the results of laboratory studies on the physical and mechanical properties of the rocks of the Koktaszhal deposit and the calculation of the explosive destruction index taking into account the energy parameters of drilling. The validity of the use of the specific energy intensity of drilling as a criterion characterizing the explosive destruction of rocks in the design of drilling and blasting operations is shown.
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Nykyforova, Valentyna, Ernest Yefremov, Ihor Kratkovskyi, and Volodymyr Kurinnyi. "Influence rocks mass and explosives properties on dissipative energy losses during blasting." E3S Web of Conferences 109 (2019): 00064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910900064.
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The factors affecting the energy explosion loss on rock crushing on con-tact with explosives have been established. This makes it possible to substantiate ways to increase low explosion efficiency. Theoretical estimates of the explosion energy losses during the rocks destruction have been carried out taking into account the explosives properties and heterogeneities in the rocks structure. It has been established that homogeneities in the form of mineral grains of various strengths determine the mechanism of their destruction and crushing during blusting. A thermodynamic loss has been estimated during the expansion of gaseous detonation products, on which the maximum explosion work depends. These losses characterize the theoretical possibility of the transfer of energy stored in an explosive into mechanical work. The explosion losses associated with the origination of shock waves in rocks are also have been determined.
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SADOVETS, Vladimir, and Dmitry PASHKOV. "GEOKHOD KNIFE EXECUTIVE BODY CUTTING EDGE SHAPE INFLUENCE STUDIES ON THE ENERGY INTENSITY OF THE FACE ROCK DESTRUCTION." Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories 13, no. 4 (December 20, 2021): 620–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2021-13-4-620-628.
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The increase in the population creates prerequisites for the use of new undeveloped places, which include underground space. The development of underground space is associated with the construction of underground structures. A promising technology for the construction of underground structures is geokhodnaya. The basic element of which is a geokhod. As a rule, structures are built at shallow depths, which are characterized by rocks with a strength coefficient up to f = 1 on the scale of Professor M.M. Protodiakonov. Traditionally, the sinking of workings in these rocks is carried out by knife executive bodies. During the development and executive body design, one of the main indicators for evaluating its work is the energy intensity of the face rock destruction. As a result, a promising direction is to study the influence of the shape of the cutting edge of the knife executive body of the geokhod on the energy intensity of the destruction of the face rock. The article presents variants of schematic solutions of the geokhod knife executive body with a different shape of the knife cutting edge, developed on the basis of a functional and constructive approach to the development of constructive solutions and requirements for the geokhod executive bodies. It is established that the geokhod executive body geometric parameters, depending on the knife cutting edge shape, include: the angle of inclination of the knife with an inclined shape of the knife cutting edge; the radius of curvature of the knife cutting edge with a semi-convex and knife convex shape. The previously developed method of determining the face rock destruction energy intensity by the knife executive body of the geokhod is presented. For a promising direction of studying the influence of the geokhod knife executive body cutting edge shape on the energy intensity of the face rock destruction, the article provides initial data, which include the physical and mechanical properties of rocks and geokhod geometric parameters. As a result of the study, it was found that: the angle of inclination of the knife to the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation does not significantly affect the face rock destruction energy intensity by the geokhod knife executive body; an increase in the knife cutting edge radius of curvature by the executive body of the geokhod leads to an increase in the energy intensity of the face rock destruction; given the physical and mechanical properties of the destroyed rock and the geometric parameters of the geokhod, it was found that with a knife cutting edge semi-convex shape and rкр = rг, the energy intensity of the face rock destruction is 1.4% less than with a straight shape. With a convex shape of the knife cutting edge and rкр = rг /2, the energy intensity face rock destruction is 8.3% less than with a straight shape.
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Artyushkov, E. V. "Accelerated non-linear destruction of the earth's crust." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 6, no. 4 (2001): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1026022601000322.
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The upper part of the Earth—the lithospheric layer,∼100 km thick, is rigid. Segments of this spherical shell–lithospheric plates are drifting over a ductile asthenosphere. On the continents, the lithosphere includes the Earth's crust,∼40 km thick, which is underlain by peridotitic rocks of the mantle. In most areas, at depths∼20–40 km the continental crust is composed of basalts with density∼2900kg m−3. At temperature and pressure typical for this depth, basalts are metastable and should transform into another assemblage of minerals which corresponds to garnet granulites and eclogites with higher densities 3300–3600 kgm−3. The rate of this transformation is extremely low in dry rocks, and the associated contraction of basalts evolves during the time≥108a. To restore the Archimede's equilibrium, the crust subsides with a formation of sedimentary basins, up to 10–15 km deep.Volumes of hot mantle with a water-containing fluid emerge sometimes from a deep mantle to the base of the lithosphere. Fluids infiltrate into the crust through the mantle part of the lithosphere. They catalyze the reaction in the lower crust which results in rock contraction with a formation of deep water basins at the surface during∼106a. The major hydrocarbon basins of the world were formed in this way. Infiltration of fluids strongly reduces the viscosity of the lithosphere, which is evidenced by narrow-wavelength deformations of this layer. At times of softening of the mantle part of the lithosphere, it becomes convectively replaced by a hotter and lighter asthenosphere. This process has resulted in the formation of many mountain ranges and high plateaus during the last several millions of years. Softening of the whole lithospheric layer which is rigid under normal conditions allows its strong compressive and tensile deformations. At the epochs of compression, a large portion of dense eclogites that were formed from basalts in the lower crust sink deeply into the mantle. In some cases they carry down lighter blocks of granites and sedimentary rocks of the upper crust which delaminate from eclogitic blocks and emerge back to the crust. Such blocks of upper crustal rocks include diamonds and other minerals which were formed at a depth of 100–150 km.
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Shtober-Zisu, N., N. Tessler, A. Tsatskin, and N. Greenbaum. "Accelerated weathering of carbonate rocks following the 2010 wildfire on Mount Carmel, Israel." International Journal of Wildland Fire 24, no. 8 (2015): 1154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf14221.
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Massive destruction of carbonate rocks occurred on the slopes of Mount Carmel during the severe wildfire in 2010. The bedrock surfaces exhibited extensive exfoliation into flakes and spalls covering up to 80–100% of the exposed rocks; detached boulders were totally fractured or disintegrated. The fire affected six carbonate units – various types of chalk, limestone and dolomite. The burned flakes show a consistent tendency towards flatness, in all lithologies. The extent of the physical disruption depends on rock composition: the most severe response was found in the chalk formations covered by calcrete (Nari crusts). These rocks reacted by extreme exfoliation, at an average depth of 7.7 to 9.6 cm and a maximum depth of 20 cm. Scorched and blackened faces under the upper layer of spalls provide strong evidence that chalk breakdown took place at an early stage of the fire. It is possible to explain the extreme response of the chalks by the laminar structure of the Nari, which served as planes of weakness for the rock destruction. Three years after the fire, the rocks continue to exfoliate and break down internally. As the harder surface of the Nari deteriorates, the more brittle underlying chalk is exposed to erosion.
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Chudyk, I. I., Ya M. Femiak, M. I. Orynchak, A. K. Sudakov, and A. I. Riznychuk. "New methods for preventing crumbling and collapse of the borehole walls." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 4 (2021): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2021-4/017.
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Purpose. To increase the stability of the wellbore during its construction in unstable rocks. Methodology. To solve the set tasks, an integrated approach is used in the work, which includes critical analysis and generalization of scientific and technical achievements in combination with theoretical and experimental research. Findings. Factors influencing the stability of the borehole walls in conditions prone to rock slides and rock falls are analyzed. Expediency of using baths for strengthening the walls of wells in deposits of clay rocks, including clay shales, has been established and substantiated. A formulation of a fuel-bituminous bath has been proposed, the installation of which in a well for 78 hours makes it possible to increase the initial compressive strength of rocks, which will ensure the integrity of the borehole walls. It is recommended to use corrugated casing pipes to cover the sections of the wellbore where there is intensive crumbling and collapse of rocks. Originality. For the first time, the main factors of wall destruction have been established and a method has been developed to prevent the destruction of walls of directional wells composed of rocks prone to loss of stability under the action of drill string loads. Practical value. To combat the collapse of the walls of the well composed of rocks, prone to loss of stability, the authors suggested setting up fuel-bituminous baths in the range of complications. In case when the collapse of the walls of the well can not be prevented with a fuel-bitumen bath, it is proposed to overlap the area of collapse with the casing using advanced corrugated casing pipes with the injection of adhesive into the rock mass in the near-wellbore zone. The use of an adhesive material increases the contact area of the metal shell with the rock, which collapses increasing the stability of the borehole walls.
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Grishchenko, Alexey, Artem Semenov, and Boris Melnikov. "Modeling the processes of deformation and destruction of the rock sample during its extraction from great depths." Journal of Mining Institute 248 (May 25, 2021): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31897/pmi.2021.2.8.
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Article investigates the change in the geophysical properties of rocks in the process of extracting the rock sample from great depths. Evaluation of changes in effective elastic properties, porosity and permeability of rock samples during extraction was carried out by means of finite element modeling. Assessment of the critical dimensions and orientation of internal defects, leading to the destruction of the rock samples during extraction from great depths, has been made based on the methods of linear destruction mechanics. Approach that makes it possible to calculate the change in the mechanical properties, porosity and fracturing of reservoir rocks in the process of extracting the rock sample from depths to the surface is proposed. Use of refined data on the mechanical properties of recoverable rock samples makes it possible to increase the accuracy of digital geological models required for geological exploration, determination of reservoir properties and oil and gas saturation of a field, and development of oil and gas deposits. Application of such models is especially relevant at all stages of the fields development with hard-to-recover reserves.
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Shemyakin, Stanislav, and Evgenii Shishkin. "Physical and mathematical model of rock destruction by a milling machine cutter." Записки Горного института 251 (October 29, 2021): 639–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31897/pmi.2021.5.3.
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As a result of the analysis of the work on rock destruction by cutters of milling of machines, it was found that the existing developments do not allow us to proceed to the derivation of calculation d dependencies for determining fracture resistance, or can be used only in preliminary calculations of the known by design parameters of milling machines. To eliminate these disadvantages, a combined physical and mathematical model of the process of interaction of a single milling cutter with a spherical tip with the rock has been developed. Consideration of the physical picture of the action of forces and stresses acting from the cutter with spherical tips on the separating rock element in the limiting condition allowed to describe analytically the components of total resistance, which are the mathematical part of the physical and mathematical model of rock destruction by cutters. Analytical dependences for determining the tangential and normal components of fracture resistance of rocks of medium hardness have been obtained. The adequacy of the physical and mathematical model to the physical process of destruction of rocks of different hardness by cutters on a universal stand was tested both in the field and in the laboratory conditions. Technical evaluation of the results of experimental studies confirms the reliability of the developed physical and mathematical model.
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Guo, Xiao-fei, Zhiqiang Zhao, Xu Gao, Zhen-kai Ma, and Nian-jie Ma. "Directional Sharp-Point Failure Mechanism of Rocks Surrounding Underground Circular Cavities Subjected to Large-Scale Failure." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (February 27, 2019): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1415387.
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Large-scale expansion of failure areas in rocks surrounding underground cavities causes severe destruction of the underground space and may trigger serious disasters. To study the large-scale failure mechanism and expansion laws of rocks surrounding underground cavities, we performed a theoretical study of the distribution characteristics of the stress field around a circular cavity and determined the directional sharp-point failure mechanism by analysing the stress destructive power using the three elements of the Mohr circle. Results showed that, along the circumferential direction, the stress destructive power increases first and then decreases, showing a sharp-angular distribution. Rock with any properties will suffer priority damage at the stress sharp point. The direction criterion of the stress sharp points was proposed, and the direction of these points showed a convergent behaviour in the radial direction of the cavity, tending to be stable at 40°-50° beyond five times the cavity radius. In addition, the results were verified by FLAC3D numerical simulation. The theoretical analysis for the ideal circular cavity may provide references to study the damage laws of rocks surrounding other irregular-shaped space, as well as providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of underground engineering disasters.
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Kolesnik, V., A. Pavlychenko, T. Kholodenko, and A. Kirichenko. "Rational crushing of mineral raw materials by well charges as a factor of environmental safety of blasting works in quarries." Collection of Research Papers of the National Mining University 64 (2021): 138–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/crpnmu/64.138.
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Purpose. Improving the environmental safety of blasting operations in quarries for the extraction of non-metallic and construction materials based on their rational explosive crushing, aimed at reducing the effect of overgrinding, accompanied by the formation of fine fractions of materials and significant dust emissions. The research methodology provided a theoretical analysis of the destruction processes of a rock massif by well charges of explosives on the basis of calculations of shock adiabats of an explosive wave in rocks at different speeds of detonation of explosives. Experimental verification of the identified patterns was performed by assessing the quality of blasting by the particle size distribution of the rock in the collapse. Research results. The scientific and practical task of ensuring rational explosive crushing of materials in quarries with the use of elongated borehole charges has been solved. Mechanisms for the destruction of rock massifs and the peculiarities of the distribution of destruction zones by dispersed composition have been established, which contributes to the reduction of dust emissions into the atmosphere to an acceptable level of environmental safety of blasting operations in quarries. Comparative estimates of the shock load during the explosion of the explosive charge for the main rocks at different levels of the rate of detonation of charges are given. The dependence of the volume of overgrinding rock in the zone of its adjacency to the charge on the detonation velocity of explosives has been established. An experimental verification of the identified patterns in the current quarry by assessing the quality of blasting by the particle size distribution of rock mass in its collapse after experimental explosions with different parameters is done. Scientific novelty. The multiphase process of rock destruction by explosion was investigated by the calculated determination of the parameters of the shock adiabats of the blast wave in different rocks and at different detonation velocities of explosives. It is shown that during the destruction of a rock mass by the explosion of an elongated borehole charge of explosives, several specific zones of destruction are formed, the characteristics of which differ in particle size distribution. The area of controlled crushing is highlighted, where the intensity of rock destruction can be changed by adjusting the parameters of the explosive load and the area of little or almost unregulated crushing. The possibility of managing the process of dust formation and, accordingly, the level of environmental safety of blasting works in quarries for the extraction of non-metallic and construction materials is substantiated. Practical meaning. The identified patterns and provisions to reduce the effect of mineral overgrinding were used in the development of measures to improve the environmental safety of blasting in the quarry, which, in particular, provided an increase in well spacing in the range up to 3.0-3.4 m and reduce specific energy consumption from 1.27 g/cm3 to 0.97 g/cm3.
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Babii, К. V. "INFLUENCE OF PARAMETERS OF EXPLOSIVE DESTRUCTION OF MINING BLOCKS OF COMPLEX GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE ON THE PREPARATION OF THE MINING MASS FOR PROCESSING." Metallurgicheskaya i gornorudnaya promyshlennost, №6, 2018, no. 6 (2018): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33101/s065676567.
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Purpose: to investigate the influence of the parameters of explosive destruction of mining blocks of complex geological structure on the production processes of mining and processing of iron ore. Determine the stability of the escarpment slopes during excavation of rocks in ore mining blocks with barren layers. Results. The analysis of geophysical methods for studying the structure of deposits. It is proposed to use the magnetic susceptibility method for well logging. The structure of mining blocks of a complex geological structure with contact zones "ore - host rocks" was investigated. It has been proven that for the effective use of equipment for the pre-enrichment of ore in a quarry there are conditions: the regulation of the granulometric composition of the rock mass and the reduction of ore splices with overburden rocks. It is proposed to use a charge design of an explosive with inert gaps or a charge section of a cumulative action in the explosive destruction of rocks with contact zones. The influence of parameters of explosive destruction of mining blocks of complex geological structure on the formation of technological complexes of ore beneficiation in quarries is established. The dependence of the factor of stability of slopes of slopes during excavation of rocks, depending on the geological parameters. Scientific novelty. The regularities of changes in the parameters of the ore mass flow (medium piece and oversize) are established depending on the diameter of the drilling-blast wells, which allows you to adjust the particle size distribution. Practical significance. Based on the established patterns and improvement of the design of well charges, their influence on the quality of the blown-up rock mass in the ledges of a complex geological structure has been substantiated, which makes it possible to form the corresponding technological complexes of ore dressing in quarries. The result is a significant increase in the productivity of the technological equipment of the mining enterprise and the profitability of iron ore mining. Key words: quarry, ledge, complex geological structure, downhole charge structures, particle size distribution.
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Kryuchkov, Anatolii, and Anatolii Bakhtyn. "CHANGE OF ENERGY CHARACTERISTICS OF LITHOSPHERE ELEMENTS DURING THEIR DEFORMATION." Geoengineering, no. 6 (November 30, 2021): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2707-2096.6.2021.241939.
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Purpose. The purpose of this study is to establish analytical patterns for predicting changes in stress and energy density spent on the destruction of rocks according to experimental studies. To solve this purpose in the article were set the following scientific problems: 1) analytical description of the dependence of the stress σij on the main deformation εij; 2) establishment of calculation parameters that are included in the analytical patterns; 3) analytical description and study of fracture energy density curves.
Methodology. In the course of analytical and experimental researches of full diagrams of deformation of rocks the mathematical model of dependence of the stress on the deformation is developed. Physico-mechanical processes of all characteristic sections of the complete deformation diagram were also analyzed and described. Analysis of the resulting curve showed that the rock mass and elements of the lithosphere are not perfectly elastic or plastic objects. Along with the elastic ones, plastic ones are always present to one degree or another.
The integration of the obtained analytical expression σ11 = f(ε11) allowed to establish the volumetric energy density spent on the destruction of the rock sample under the action of external load. The maximum activation energy for the considered rock is 0.67 MJ/m3. A comparison of the experimental and calculated values of the energy dependence u(ε1) shows a coincidence over almost the entire range of deformation changes (ε11 = 0..0.04).
Findings. The study of rock samples at hard stress allowed to obtain a complete deformation characteristics of the rock. The curve that surrounds the deformation cycles (1) combines pre-boundary, boundary, extremal modes of deformation and destruction of rocks. Equation (4) allows us to establish that the destruction can occur at different values of energy density U(ε).
Originality. An analytical description of the energy diagram of deformation and a complete diagram of stress change in the form of a single dependence, which takes into account the boundary and extremal areas, was developed in the work. In contrast to the method of piecewise linear approximation, this approach corresponds to the physics of the process and reduces errors in calculations.
Practical implications. Theoretical and experimental analysis of the obtained energy fracture diagrams and complete stress change diagrams in rocks allows to estimate the bearing capacity of a rock mass or other solid body. This allows you to predict critical values of stresses and external loads to prevent failure in a timely manner.
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Reyer, D., and S. L. Philipp. "Empirical relations of rock properties of outcrop and core samples from the Northwest German Basin for geothermal drilling." Geothermal Energy Science 2, no. 1 (September 8, 2014): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gtes-2-21-2014.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Information about geomechanical and physical rock properties, particularly uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), are needed for geomechanical model development and updating with logging-while-drilling methods to minimise costs and risks of the drilling process. The following parameters with importance at different stages of geothermal exploitation and drilling are presented for typical sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the Northwest German Basin (NWGB): physical (<i>P</i> wave velocities, porosity, and bulk and grain density) and geomechanical parameters (UCS, static Young's modulus, destruction work and indirect tensile strength both perpendicular and parallel to bedding) for 35 rock samples from quarries and 14 core samples of sandstones and carbonate rocks. <br><br> With regression analyses (linear- and non-linear) empirical relations are developed to predict UCS values from all other parameters. Analyses focus on sedimentary rocks and were repeated separately for clastic rock samples or carbonate rock samples as well as for outcrop samples or core samples. Empirical relations have high statistical significance for Young's modulus, tensile strength and destruction work; for physical properties, there is a wider scatter of data and prediction of UCS is less precise. For most relations, properties of core samples plot within the scatter of outcrop samples and lie within the 90% prediction bands of developed regression functions. The results indicate the applicability of empirical relations that are based on outcrop data on questions related to drilling operations when the database contains a sufficient number of samples with varying rock properties. The presented equations may help to predict UCS values for sedimentary rocks at depth, and thus develop suitable geomechanical models for the adaptation of the drilling strategy on rock mechanical conditions in the NWGB.</p>
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Husson, Jon M., and Shanan E. Peters. "Nature of the sedimentary rock record and its implications for Earth system evolution." Emerging Topics in Life Sciences 2, no. 2 (July 20, 2018): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/etls20170152.
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The sedimentary rock reservoir both records and influences changes in Earth's surface environment. Geoscientists extract data from the rock record to constrain long-term environmental, climatic and biological evolution, with the understanding that geological processes of erosion and rock destruction may have overprinted some aspects of their results. It has also long been recognized that changes in the mass and chemical composition of buried sediments, operating in conjunction with biologically catalyzed reactions, exert a first-order control on Earth surface conditions on geologic timescales. Thus, the construction and destruction of the rock record has the potential to influence both how Earth and life history are sampled, and drive long-term trends in surface conditions that otherwise are difficult to affect. However, directly testing what the dominant process signal in the sedimentary record is — rock construction or destruction — has rarely been undertaken, primarily due to the difficulty of assembling data on the mass and age of rocks in Earth's crust. Here, we present results on the chronological age and general properties of rocks and sediments in the Macrostrat geospatial database (https://macrostrat.org). Empirical patterns in surviving rock quantity as a function of age are indicative of both continual cycling (gross sedimentation) and long-term sediment accumulation (net sedimentation). Temporal variation in the net sedimentary reservoir was driven by major changes in the ability of continental crust to accommodate sediments. The implied history of episodic growth of sediment mass on continental crust has many attendant implications for the drivers of long-term biogeochemical evolution of Earth and life.
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Svensen, Henrik, Norbert Schmidbauer, Marco Roscher, Frode Stordal, and Sverre Planke. "Contact metamorphism, halocarbons, and environmental crises of the past." Environmental Chemistry 6, no. 6 (2009): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en09118.
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Environmental context. What caused the biggest known mass extinction on Earth ~252 million years ago? A possible killer mechanism was the release of specific gases into the atmosphere, which eventually led to destruction of the ozone layer. This is now supported by new laboratory experiments in which ozone-destructing gases were generated when heating rocks from East Siberia (Russia) – reconstructing what happened naturally in Siberia during explosive gas eruptions 252 million years ago. Abstract. What triggered the largest know mass extinction at the Permian–Triassic boundary 252 million years ago, when 95% of the species in the oceans disappeared? New geological data suggest that eruptions of carbon (CH4, CO2) and halocarbon (CH3Cl and CH3Br) gases from the vast sedimentary basins of east Siberia could have triggered a period with global warming (5°–10°C) and terrestrial mass extinction. The gases were generated during contact metamorphism of sedimentary rocks around 1200°C hot igneous intrusions. One of the suggested end-Permian extinction mechanisms is the extreme ultraviolet radiation (UV-B) caused by a prolonged destruction of stratospheric ozone induced by the emitted halocarbons. This hypothesis is supported by a new set of experiments, where natural rock salt samples from Siberia were heated to 275°C. Among the gases generated during heating are methyl chloride (CH3Cl) and methyl bromide (CH3Br). These findings open up new possibilities for investigating ancient environmental crises.
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Bristow, T. F., J. P. Grotzinger, E. B. Rampe, J. Cuadros, S. J. Chipera, G. W. Downs, C. M. Fedo, et al. "Brine-driven destruction of clay minerals in Gale crater, Mars." Science 373, no. 6551 (July 8, 2021): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abg5449.
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Mars’ sedimentary rock record preserves information on geological (and potential astrobiological) processes that occurred on the planet billions of years ago. The Curiosity rover is exploring the lower reaches of Mount Sharp, in Gale crater on Mars. A traverse from Vera Rubin ridge to Glen Torridon has allowed Curiosity to examine a lateral transect of rock strata laid down in a martian lake ~3.5 billion years ago. We report spatial differences in the mineralogy of time-equivalent sedimentary rocks <400 meters apart. These differences indicate localized infiltration of silica-poor brines, generated during deposition of overlying magnesium sulfate–bearing strata. We propose that destabilization of silicate minerals driven by silica-poor brines (rarely observed on Earth) was widespread on ancient Mars, because sulfate deposits are globally distributed.
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Dvornikov, Leonid T., and Viktor A. Korneyev. "Design of a device for rocks strength properties determining to solve the tasks of rock rock-cutting machines design." MATEC Web of Conferences 224 (2018): 02084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822402084.
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The article presents methods for rocks strength properties determining in mining machines engineering in Russia, CIS countries and Europe. It is shown that general drawback of methods considered is lack of possibility of carrying out instant tests at various points in rock massif. Criteria are given for the method of rocks strength properties determining as applied to mining engineering tasks. Based on established criteria, the fundamentally new method has been developed. Technical devices are proposed for the method implementation in testing individual samples and rock massif. Construction of the laboratory stand estimating energy intensity of rock destruction is presented. Relationship between its value, coefficient of strength according to the M.M. scale of Protodyakonov and average particle size of the destroyed rock is shown.
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Ryazantsev, Nikolay, Alexander Nosach, and Anton Ryazantsev. "ROCKS – SEGNETOELASTICS." JOURNAL of Donetsk mining institute, no. 2 (2020): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/1999-981x-2020-2-72-82.
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Purpose. Identification of the features and the properties of segnetoelastics in rocks. Research Methods. Laboratory experiments on the deformation of rocks in a volume field of compressive stresses, macro- and microscopic studies of the deformations and the orientations of an optical indicatrix, analysis of the data obtained. Research results. As a result of microscopic and optical studies of rocks in thin sections on a polarizing microscope, tests of rocks under the conditions of unequal triaxial compression, analysis of the results obtained, it was found that the rock-forming minerals of the sedimentary sequence at a normal temperature and in the absence of an external load have a domain structure. Under the conditions of a triaxial unequal component compression, the volumetric deformations at the micro and macro levels do not exceed hundredths, while the relative micro deformations fully correspond to the dilatancy volume at the macro level. Shear rotational deformations reach 15–20%, their resonant increment increases several times over three periods before the destruction. During the loading, the direction of the rotation is changed 3-4 or more times, an optical indicatrix changes the direction. All deformations are alternating in sign and, until resonance, the amplitude of their increment does not exceed 0.5%. During the loading, the deformation, elastic, optical, electromagnetic, and other parameters are changed abruptly (structural-phase transitions of the second, and upon the destruction, of the first and third kind). The interconnection between the load and the deformations is nonlinear, a number of characteristic deformations are distinguished at which these jumps occur. All said indicate that rocks are classical distortion segnetoelastics. The following parameters can be taken as parameters of a segnoelastic transition: the value or increase in the value of relative deformation; an elastic modules varying within ± ∞; the sign and the magnitude of the increment of the Lode angle for the deformations; the angle of rotation of the optical indicatrix, the presence of structural-phase transitions in the minerals. Scientific novelty. It has been shown for the first time that all five signs and traits of segnetoelastics are present in sedimentary rocks. Practical significance. The possibility for isolating of segnetoelastics without laborious microscopic and electromagnetic studies.
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Shigin, A. O., D. A. Boreyko, N. D. Tskhadaya, and D. Yu Serikov. "Comparative analysis of roller drill bit performance." SOCAR Proceedings, SI2 (December 30, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5510/ogp2021si200536.
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Currently, roller bits are widely used in rock drilling, which are devices with rotating rollers armed with teeth. There are various approaches in assessing the effectiveness of rock destruction by a roller drilling tool, which can be conditionally divided into structural and technological ones. In addition, all the efficiency factors of the roller bit are related to the correspondence of its characteristics and the drilling process to the properties of the rock it destroys. The article analyzes the operating conditions of the roller bit during drilling of rocks of various hardness. On the example of operation of a two-screw drill bit, the process of power interaction of the toothed weapon with rock is considered depending on various factors, such as the shape and pitch of the teeth, angle of inclination, sharpness of the tooth and others. It is shown that kinematic characteristics of interaction of toothed armament with drilled rock have a significant influence on efficiency of process of face destruction. Keywords: drill bit; drilling tool; destruction; drilling; roller cutter; rock.
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Adushkin, V. V., L. M. Pernik, and S. I. Popel. "Nanoparticles in experiments on destruction of rocks by explosion." Doklady Earth Sciences 415, no. 1 (July 2007): 820–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1028334x07050352.
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Krukovskyi, Oleksandr, and Viktoriia Krukovska. "Numerical simulation of the stress state of the layered gas-bearing rocks in the bottom of mine working." E3S Web of Conferences 109 (2019): 00043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910900043.
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The mathematical model has been developed for the coupled processes of the rock massif deformation and gas filtration in a disturbed area around mine working, in the bottom of which there are hard and soft gas-bearing rocks. When solving the problem, the finite element method was used. The calculation results of the displacements, stresses and pressures of methane in the studied area are represented in the paper. It is shown that the difference in the physical and mechanical properties of the bottom rocks of mine working causes the non-uniform distribution of geomechanics and filtration parameters. In more strong sandstone, the stresses concentration increases. Therewith, an intensive process of fractures formation takes place in the argillite and the coal. Methane from the upper part of the gas-bearing sandstone is filtered into the mine working, the destruction of the coal interlayer is accompanied by release of methane and its accumulation under the layer of a strong sandstone. The development of a zone of inelastic deformations leads to the destruction of sandstone. In case of brittle destruction, with the formation of fractures of a certain length, a breakthrough of methane may occur out of the bottom into mine working.
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Novoseltseva, M. B., and Evgeny N. Pashkov. "Prospects for Further Rock Cutting Mechanisms Development." Applied Mechanics and Materials 756 (April 2015): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.756.47.
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In this research power rock cutting mechanisms are considered. Impact and vibratory impact mechanisms are presented, their design characteristics are given. The new peenless power pulse hydraulic mechanism is considered, its operating principle is described, and the schematic diagram is provided. The new system can be used at building of the new rock-drilling machines with a hydraulic actuator for the intensification of the process of rocks destruction.
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Song, Li, Lin Gu, and Sai Ping Wei. "Study of Damage and Acoustic Emission Properties of Rocks under Uniaxial Cyclic Load-Unload." Advanced Materials Research 887-888 (February 2014): 878–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.887-888.878.
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In order to study the damage and sptial spatial and temporal distribution of acoustic emission of rocks under uniaxial cyclic load-unload, test of rocks with various kinds of heterogeneity under uniaxial cyclic load-unload disturbance was conducted using numerical simulation software RFPA2D.Figure destruction and acoustic emission - load curve of rocks were obtained from the test.The results show that destroy of the rock was produced from tensile stress concentration area surrounding the hole. as the load increases,crack developmented to the edge of the rock.when homogeneity of rock was low, crack development with irregularity due to defects of rocks. with the increasing homogeneity of rock, damage evolution mode under uniaxial cyclic load-unload disturbance transition from ductile to brittle.damage evolvement process can be responsed by acoustic emission. with the increasing homogeneity of rock. The maximum number of acoustic emission Continuously improve and exhibit unexpected. Kaiser effect of acoustic emission under cyclic loading is significantly This template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text. .
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KOZLOV, Sergiy, Oleg TERENTIEV, and Mykola SERGIENKO. "INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF BLASTING WORKS IN THE QUARRY OF BUILDING MATERIALS." Geoengineering, no. 5 (May 17, 2021): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2707-2096.5.2021.230625.
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The article is devoted to the urgent problem of increasing the efficiency of blasting operations in open pits in conditions of high water saturation of minerals.
The idea of solving this problem is to use the effect of draining the local area of the water-saturated block of the mineral due to the ordinal explosion of the well charge.
The purpose of this study was to improve the efficiency of blasting operations on flooded fractured rocks in open pit mining.
Research methodology. The proposed technique makes it possible to determine the parameters of drainage of the watered mass during the explosion of borehole charges and the parameters of an ordinal explosion. This makes it possible to improve the quality of rock crushing and reduce the consumption of explosives per unit cost.
The main direction of research in this work is to reduce the energy intensity of the process of destruction of a water-saturated mineral by using the internal potential of water in the cracks of the massif destroyed by the explosion. The regularities and the role of the drainage funnel in the efficiency of destruction have been established.
The novelty and originality of the work is a developed technology for removing water from the explosion zone, which increases the efficiency of explosion and destruction of rocks using special water-resistant explosives.
The practical value of the work lies in the effectiveness of the proposed method for carrying out blasting operations, which, along with improving the quality of crushing, provides an increase in the output of blasted rock mass from one running meter of the well and reduces the cost of expensive water-resistant explosives.
Conclusions. The introduction of research results and recommendations in open pits made it possible to increase the efficiency of blasting operations in the development of water-saturated rocks. Energy consumption for the destruction of an array of water-saturated minerals is reduced by 10%. The amount of blasted rock mass per running meter of the well increased by 14.1%, and the specific consumption of explosives decreased by (12-14) %.
Keywords: quarry, minerals, well, filtration, water-saturated massif, crushing, explosive, detonation.
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Tishchenko, S. V., G. I. Eremenko, and D. Yu Malykh. "Технологические способы ведения взрывных работ, позволяющие безопасно управлять действием взрыва в массиве горных пород." Metallurgicheskaya i gornorudnaya promyshlennost, №4, 2018, no. 4 (August 2018): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33101/s05-3958674.
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Purpose. The work is devoted to improving the efficiency and safety of the escarpous blasting of rocks by borehole charges of explosives of a new design at iron ore quarries. In the thesis, the features of the process of explosive destruction of rocks by well charges of various designs are investigated. The dependences of their dynamics of explosive destruction on the physicomechanical properties of rocks are established, and the relationship between the distribution of energy of destruction in the medium and the magnitude of the specific impulse of the explosion is determined. Metodology. The obtained regularities of the impulse effect of an explosion associated with the overall energy balance imparted to a destructible medium can serve as a scale for evaluating the effectiveness of the action of well charges exploded simultaneously or through the definition of deceleration. Based on the obtained theoretical and laboratory results, a new design of a downhole charge of explosives with an air cavity in the bottom of the well has been developed. Findings. A feature of this design of the borehole charge is the concentration of the explosion energy in the bottom of the well. The optimal parameters of the air cavity and the location of the initiator relative to it in the technology of blasting have been established. Originality of the work lies in the fact that the conducted industrial tests of a new design of a borehole charge with an air cavity in the bottom part of the well showed its high efficiency. Practical value lies in achieving a reduced specific consumption of explosives. This technological process ensures uniform crushing of the blasted rock mass over the entire height of the ledge and high-quality development of the bottom of the ledge, which opens up real opportunities for the elimination of the re-drilling of the well at the inferior explosive blasting of rocks.
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Tambovtsev, Pavel. "JUSTIFING OF PARAMETERS OF PNEUMOPERCUSSION MACHINE FOR FORMATION MAIN CRACKS FROM HOLE OF NATURAL STONE." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 2, no. 5 (2019): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2019-2-5-50-56.
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In the work, issues of development of percussive machine for directed destruction of stone rocks are considered. The percussive machine impacts to rock destructive tool implemented into the hole, after that rock wedging and growth of main crack along blast-hole line occur. For that purpose, pneumatic machine of percussion action and gravitational type is chosen. Scheme of the machine is justified based on dynamic simulation of its key assembly units, numerical analysis of constructive and energetic parameters is carried out. Working cycle of the device has been estimated by energy value, percussion frequency, compressed air discharge. It is established that working cycle of gravitational pneumo-percussion machine with elastic valve provides economy of compressed air discharge and high energy of the strike. Results of numerical simulation are proved by experimental data of Institute of Mining.
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Tynyna, Serhii, Ihor Chobotko, Liliya Frolova, and Tetyana Butyrina. "Modeling of influence of stresses on indicators of resistance of mining rocks to mechanical destruction." E3S Web of Conferences 109 (2019): 00104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910900104.
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The article deals with the problem of determining the expression for the components of the stress tensor of a rock mass that is exposed to rock-breaking tools. In solving this problem, the natural tension of the rocks and the stresses arising ahead, in the plane and on the boundary of the face of the cylindrical excavation were taken into account. Formulation presented in the form of a semi-infinite cylinder whose axis coincides with the axis ̅Z of the coordinate system. The solution is obtained in a cylindrical coordinate system in the form of analytical expressions, which is carried out by numerical integration of improper integrals.
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Hankevich, Valentyn, Tetiana Moskalova, Liudmyla Kabakova, and Oksana Livak. "The feasibility evaluation of using cyclic thermal effect in the rock-cutting tools during drilling hard rock." E3S Web of Conferences 109 (2019): 00026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910900026.
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The possibility of using cyclic thermal effect in drilling tools for softening of rocks is considered in the article. It is shown that during drilling in the phase of heating, the rock sections can actually be heated to 1000 °C, and it is possible to achieve even higher temperatures with the use of corresponding frictional heating elements. It has been found that the phase of cooling of the heated section of the rock can ensure guaranteed cracking of the rock for subsequent mechanical destruction.
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Kononenko, Maksym, and Oleh Khomenko. "New theory for the rock mass destruction by blasting." Mining of Mineral Deposits 15, no. 2 (2021): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/mining15.02.111.
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Purpose. To develop a new theory for the rocks destruction by blasting using a description of the formation processes of zones with various mass state around the charging cavity. Methods. The new theory for the rock mass destruction by blasting has been developed based on the use of the well-known elasticity theory laws and the main provisions of the quasi-static-wave hypothesis about the mechanism of a solid medium destruction under the blasting action. The models of zones of crumpling, intensive fragmentation and fracturing that arise around the charging cavity in the rock mass during its blasting destruction, depending on the physical and mechanical pro-perties of the rock mass, the energy characteristics of explosives and the rock pressure impact, have been developed using the technique of mathematical modeling. Findings. Based on the mathematical modeling results of the blasting action in a solid medium, the mathematical models have been developed of the zones of crumpling, intensive fragmentation and fracturing, which are formed around the char-ging cavity in a monolithic or fractured rock mass. Originality. The rock mass destruction by blasting is realized according to the stepwise patterns of forming the zones of crumpling, intensive fragmentation and fracturing, which takes into account the physical and mechanical properties of the medium, the energy characteristics of explosives and the rock pressure impact. Practical implications. When using the calculation results in the mathematical modeling the radii of the zones of crumpling, intensive fragmentation and fracturing in the rock mass around the charging cavity, it is possible to determine the rational distance between the blasthole charges in the blasting chart, as well as to calculate the line of least resistance for designing huge blasts.
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Kayukova, Galina P., Anastasiya N. Mikhailova, Igor P. Kosachev, Dmitry A. Emelyanov, Mikhail A. Varfolomeev, Boris V. Uspensky, and Alexey V. Vakhin. "The Oil-Bearing Strata of Permian Deposits of the Ashal’cha Oil Field Depending on the Content, Composition, and Thermal Effects of Organic Matter Oxidation in the Rocks." Geofluids 2020 (February 24, 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6304547.
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The features of the oil-bearing capacity of the productive strata of Permian deposits in the interval of 117.5-188.6 m along the section of individual wells of the Ashal’cha field of heavy superviscous oil (Tatarstan) were revealed depending on the content, composition, and thermal effects of organic matter (OM) oxidation in the rocks. It is shown that the rocks are very heterogeneous in their mineral composition and in the content of both free hydrocarbons by extraction with organic solvents and insoluble OM closely associated with the rock. The total content of OM in rocks varies from 1.72 to 9.12%. The features of group and hydrocarbon composition of extracts from rocks are revealed depending on their mineral composition and the content of organic matter in them. According to the molecular mass distribution of alkanes of normal and isoprenoid structure, extracts from rocks are differentiated according to three chemical types of oil: type A1, in which n-alkanes of composition C14 and above are present, and types A2 and B2, in which n-alkanes are destroyed to varying degrees by processes microbial destruction, which indicates a different intensity of biochemical processes in productive strata of Permian sediments. These processes lead to a decrease in the amount of OM in the rocks and an increase in the content of resins and asphaltenes in the oil extracted from them, as well as an increase in the viscosity of the oil. Using the method of differential scanning calorimetry of high pressure, it was found that the studied rock samples differ from each other in quantitative characteristics of exothermic effects in both low-temperature (LTO) 200-350°С and high-temperature (HTO) 350-600°С zones of OM oxidation. The total thermal effect of destruction processes of OM depends on the content of OM in the rocks and its composition. The research results show that when heavy oil is extracted using thermal technologies, the Permian productive strata with both low and high OM contents will be involved in the development, and the general thermal effect of the oxidation of which will contribute to increased oil recovery.
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Geller, Yu. "FACTORS AFFECTING THE PROCESS OF SOIL AND ROCK MASSIF DESTRUCTION." Transbaikal State University Journal 27, no. 5 (2021): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/2227-9245-2021-27-5-17-25.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the process of impact destruction of solid and frozen soils and rocks. The classification of factors influencing the energy efficiency of excavation and mining is presented. The main attention in the study is paid to the analysis of rock mass destruction by single and double percussion tools. The schemes of the deformations development in the massif as a result of the impact on it with one or two indenters under impact action are considered. The schemes of the destruction phases’ development of soil and rock massif, both with single and paired impact of percussion instruments, are considered step by step. It is noted that when a double percussion tool is applied to a destructible medium, the efficiency of rock mass destruction increases due to the intensive formation of a general stress field between the indenters, which leads to the formation of a compaction core in this zone with the subsequent destruction of the monolith. It was found that the optimal distance between indenters operating in pairs is a constant value for each rock and does not depend on the indenter diameter. The schemes of dynamic loads propagation from the sources to the operator with the rigid connection of the working body and the working body equipped with an additional connection are presented. Analysis of rock mass destruction by percussion tools made it possible to propose constructive solutions for the executive bodies of earth-moving machines that ensure the redistribution of the reactive forces arising from the impact into the zone of destruction of the soil or rock mass, which significantly reduces the effect of dynamic loads on the base machine and the operator. On the example of a percussion ripper with a balancing weight, an analytical dependence is presented in which the impact energy is redistributed to the zone of destruction of the massif
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Voloshyn, Oleksii, Iryna Potapchuk, Oleksandr Zhevzhyk, and Mykola Zhovtonoha. "Results of the experimental research of the heat-transfer jet pressure to the rock surface during thermal reaming of the borehole." E3S Web of Conferences 60 (2018): 00024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186000024.
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The performed analysis of scientific sources confirms the existence of a small number of publications devoted to the experimental research of the gasdynamics and plasmodynamics of jets used as a heat-transfer medium in the thermal methods of mine rocks destruction. There are almost no experimental and theoretical publications related to the multiple-jet plasmotrons research. The expediency of own experimental researches performing has been substantiated concerning the lateral inflow of heat-transfer medium high-speed jets on the borehole surface. An experimental research has been made of the interaction between the heat-transfer medium high-speed jets and the surface of the borehole imitated by the through duct. The further prospects of this work are the following: to determine the gas velocity along the lateral surface of the through duct and the value of the heating capacity coefficient from the heat-transfer medium to the lateral surface of the through duct, which imitates the rock surface in the borehole. These parameters are required for creating a mathematical model of the brittle destruction of rocks.
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Sultanalieva, R. M., A. T. Konushbaeva, and Ch B. Turdubaeva. "RESEARCH INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON WORK OF DESTRUCTION STRONG ROCKS." International Journal of Applied and Fundamental Research (Международный журнал прикладных и фундаментальных исследований), no. 11 2019 (2019): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.17513/mjpfi.12940.
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Malinovsky, A. I. "HEAVY CLASTIC MINERALS AS AN INDICATOR OF GEODYNAMIC SETTINGS OF ACCUMULATION AND PROVENANCE OF CRETACEOUS SEDIMENTS OF THE WEST SAKHALIN TERRANE." Bulletin of Kamchatka Regional Association «Educational-Scientific Center». Earth Sciences, no. 1(49) (March 31, 2021): 68–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31431/1816-5524-2021-1-49-68-86.
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The article discusses the results of studying heavy clastic minerals from the Cretaceous sandy rocks of the West Sakhalin Terrane, and also presents their paleogeodynamic interpretation. It is shown that in terms of mineralogical and petrographic parameters, the terrane sandstones correspond to typical graywackes and are petrogenic rocks formed mainly by destruction of igneous rocks of the source areas. The sediments were found to contain both sialic, granite-metamorphic association minerals, and femic, formed by products of the destruction of basic and ultrabasic volcanic rocks. The interpretation of the entire set of data on the content, distribution and microchemical composition of heavy minerals was carried out by comparing them with minerals from older rocks and modern sediments accumulated in known geodynamic settings. The results obtained indicate that during the Cretaceous, sedimentation occurred along the continent-ocean boundary in a basin associated with large-scale left-lateral transform movements of the Izanagi Plate relative to the Eurasian continent. The source area that supplied clastic material to that basin combined a sialic landmass composed of granite-metamorphic and sedimentary rocks, a mature deeply dissected ensialic island arc, and fragments of accretion prisms, in the structure of which involved ophiolites.
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Vasyliev, Leonid, Dmytro Vasyliev, Mykola Malich, Mikhail Zhuravkov, and Volodymyr Katan. "Fracture diagrams of prismatic specimens with an improved contact stress distribution law." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 970, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/970/1/012041.
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Abstract The authors have previously improved the principles of distribution of contact normal and tangential stresses at the moment of destruction of the specimen on the basis of L. Prandtl’s method as applied to rocks. The article presents further development of the method for constructing out-of-limit curves of “stress - longitudinal deformation” diagrams of rocks. A comparative assessment of the proposed method for calculating diagrams in comparison with diagrams has been constructed by E.P.Unksov method. It has been found that the parameters of the diagrams differ in numerical values in direction of increasing the reliability. Comparison of the calculated diagrams “stress - ordinate of the crack tip” and “stress – deformation” according to the improved method and the method of E.P. Unksov testifies that the level of the current strength values decreases with the development of two cracks at small angles of internal friction. The proposed method allows to determine the ultimate strength and residual strength of rock samples using their shear strength, internal, and contact friction coefficients, elastic modulus, which by simple methods can be established experimentally in laboratories of mining enterprises. The results can be used to control the state of the rock mass and effective destruction during disintegration.
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Pylypenko, Yurii, Iryna Konstantynova, and Kchichtof Оzet. "Complex spectral-acoustic monitoring of the state of fluid-saturated coal-rock mass." E3S Web of Conferences 168 (2020): 00059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016800059.
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Subject of the research is the methods for monitoring properties and state of coal-rock massif. This work is an experimental validation of the studied parameters of acoustic emission occurred during destruction of the roadway roof. Elements of the theory of acoustic emission control, research methods, results and experimental studies of the fluid-saturated rock destruction were studied. In this article, methods of studying and interpreting the results of geophysical observations of the process of the roof rock stratification and fall at caving of the undermined rocks at a complex stressed state are presented. Biseds, approaches to solving the problems of managing and controlling the dynamics of changes in the stress-strain state of the undermined fluid-saturated coal-rock massif based on factors of autocorrelation between the seismic-acoustic phenomena occurred over time are described. Experimental grounds are given to the complex control methods with determination of the level of disintegration by the Fourier estimation of the amplitude-frequency and amplitude-time spectra.
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Mirenkov, Valery. "DEFORMATION AS A PREPARING PROCESS FOR DESTRUCTION." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 2, no. 4 (2019): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2019-2-4-170-175.
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Actual mining is accompanied with stress increasing and as a result increasing of developed space causes to deformation of rock with specialties, which brake the symmetry, obtained after statistic calculation. For horizontal working classic approach leads to calculation of symmetric relatively coordinate axes deformation. In that case boundary conditions and mechanical quantities, related to soling containing development, are sized in an arbitrary way. However, it is well known from in-situ observations that braking the symmetry and as a result caving starting happen in the most stressed point. According to used physical and mechanical laws, destruction occurs quite unpredictable and does not have single before determined behavior. As it supposed in the context of symmetric calculation, trying certainly carry out the destruction. Kinematic calculation of displacements, considering weight of rocks, has allowed to brake classic symmetry at calculation of roof and floor displacements and to get closer to understanding of mechanism of the deformation process. In the work isotropic solid with horizontal sunken working, which provides the most deformation symmetry at classic calculation, is considered. Introduction into consideration of dynamic of process of actual mining totally destroys built symmery of possible deformation providing destruction starting in the most stressed point. Dynamic is considered after single advance of support, sum of which additionally provides absence of the symmetry in the destruction process.
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Bulat, A., and Yu Pylypenko. "THE DESTRUCTION OF FLUID SATURATED COMPRESSED GEOMATERIAL." Ukrainian Geologist, no. 3(43) (October 10, 2013): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.53087/ug.2013.3(43).245586.
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The investigation results of changes of the physical-mechanical and reservoir geomaterial properties of fluid saturation different degrees in the limit and beyond limit deformation area were given. The influence of the speed of longitudinal and transverse strains on changing of the strength and deformation parameters of coals and rocks, depending on the type of fluid and the value of the lateral overpressure at different energy costs of destruction was established. The approximation of filtration parameters changing curves by parametric splines under destruction was represented.
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Isaev, Evgenii D. "The influence of flushing fluids rheological properties on rock breaking efficiency when drilling wells by pellet impact drilling method." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal 1, no. 7 (November 11, 2021): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2021-7-25-34.
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Introduction. Pellet impact drilling method which is basically the destruction of rocks by blows of pellets, has been studied by many researchers. Despite this, the rheological properties of the drilling fluid used in pellet impact drilling have not been investigated yet. All bench and field tests were carried out using service water. The use of a drilling fluid with a higher viscosity than water has the potential to expand the field of application of pellet impact drilling. Therefore, it becomes urgent to study the effectiveness of destruction of rocks when using flushing fluids with different rheological parameters. Objective of this research is to investigate the efficiency of rock destruction in the process of drilling wells using the pellet impact drilling method at various rheological parameters of the drilling fluid. Methods of research. A scaled laboratory bench was used in the research. The bench was a closed system of circulation of the drilling fluid (drilling mud). The solution was prepared separately on a high-speed mixer. The main part of the bench was a scaled pellet drill bit located in a simulated well. After the experiment, the destructed rock volume and the rheological parameters of the flushing fluid were measured. A series of experiments was carried out with a gradual increase in the viscosity of the flushing fluid. A biopolymer (xanthan gum) in various concentrations was used to thicken the flushing fluid. Drilling fluid rheological parameters were measured using an eight-speed rotary viscometer and a Marsh funnel. Results. For the first time, a relationship has been established between the efficiency of rock destruction during pellet impact drilling and the rheological parameters of the drilling fluid used. It was found that with an increase in the concentration of biopolymer and an increase in viscosity, at first, there was a significant increase in the volume of drilled rock per unit time, and with a further increase in concentration, a gradual decrease occurs. Conclusions. The results obtained expand the field of application of pellet impact drilling. The reliability of predicting the drilling speed is improved depending on changes in the properties of the drilling fluid. Based on the results, recommendations were made for the selection of the optimal parameters of the drilling fluid, depending on the drilling conditions.