Academic literature on the topic 'Rocks destruction'
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Journal articles on the topic "Rocks destruction"
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THANG, Dam, Vladimir BELIN, and Tran DOANH. "STUDIES OF THE SHAPED CHARGES EFFECT WITH A HEMISPHERICAL ECCENTRIC SHAPE RECESS FOR THE ROCKS DESTRUCTION." Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories 13, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2021-13-2-281-291.
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The method of outdoor installation of explosive charges is usually used in the destruction of rocks in conditions in which the method of drilling and blasting using borehole or borehole charges is difficult to apply due to objective conditions. The productivity of rock destruction by the outdoor installation of a concentrated charge is very low. This is due to the fact that such an explosion is characterized by a large loss of energy in the environment. The destruction of rocks by an explosion using shaped charges (CW) to destroy the rock is one solution to increase the useful energy of the destruction of the rock compared to charges placed outside. To achieve the optimal effect of destruction of the rock by cumulative charges, it is necessary to, so that for each type of rock, a specific type of shaped charges can be determined with the appropriate performance and efficiency of the use of explosives. The stronger the rock, the more efficient the short-circuit should be, and vice versa. Thus, for effective rock crushing, it is necessary to develop and produce a number of different types of shaped charges. The use of shaped explosive charges allows you to increase the utilization rate of the useful energy of the explosion and increase the destruction zone of the rock. At a fixed mass of the explosive, the destructive effect of the explosive charge placed on the surface of the rock, it depends on the shape of the charge and the geometric parameters of the charge. Shaped charges with an eccentric hemispherical shape have a coefficient of use of the useful energy of the explosion for the destruction of rock, more than 2.4 times compared to conventional concentrated charges of the same mass.
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Popov, Stanislav, Yevhen Babets, Oleksii Kryvenko, Yevhen Vasylenko, and Oleksandr Romanenko. "Regularities of elastic oscillations development during crystalline rocks destruction and mathematical modelling of the destruction process." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 970, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/970/1/012051.
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Abstract The article is devoted to determining regularities of occurrence and development of seismoacoustic oscillations in rocks under loading to the moment of their destruction. Investigations conducted by the authors enable ascertaining dependences of occurrence and development of such oscillations for crystalline rocks of different hardness that are typical of iron ore deposits of Kryvyi Rih basin. A mathematical model based on the obtained dependences makes it possible to determine the moment of the instable stress state onset – the indication of rock destruction – using characteristics of seismoacoustic waves. This model is essential for forecasting the moment of hazard occurrence based on geomechanical conditions of mining iron ore deposits.
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Lee, K. Kh, and V. V. Ivanov. "Studies of Changes in the Electrical Resistivity of Rocks of the Tashtagol Mine in a Critical Rock-bump Hazardous State Based on the Kinetic Concept of Solids Destruction." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 12 (December 2020): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2020-12-19-25.
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Main hypotheses of the occurrence of seismic events centers, including rock bumps are presented. Equations of kinetic theory of strength are given. A two-stage kinetic model of crack accumulation and catastrophic destruction of rocks is formulated. It consists in the fact that at the first stage of the rock bump preparation there is a diffuse accumulation of cracks, and at the second — merging of cracks, appearance of enlarged cracks and formation of the destruction center. The results are presented concerning the theoretical and laboratory measurements of change of specific electric resistance of the host rocks and ores of iron ore deposit at mechanical loading and destruction. It has been shown that the relative change of specific electrical resistance of the low conductive rocks depends significantly on the ratio of electrical resistance of the rock itself and charged zones near the surface of the incipient cracks during rock loading. With the accumulation of cracks in the process of mechanical loading of the host rocks of the Tashtagol mine, the number of charged point defects of the structure on the crack edges increases. Specific electrical resistance of such rocks decreases with the accumulation of the number of cracks. In the ore bodies and magnetic iron ores, on the contrary, with increasing disturbance, the electrical resistance increases. There is regular change in the electrical resistance of rocks in the intermediate and limit states. For ores and magnetic iron ores, the critical change is 40 %, and for the host rocks with high electrical resistance — 28–37 %. Obtained values of change of the specific electric resistance in the rock critical state can be used for prediction of the rock bumps.
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Korol, Anton. "The influence of the rigidity of mining security structures on the stability of side rocks in the coal-rock massif." Technology audit and production reserves 3, no. 1(59) (June 30, 2021): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.235403.
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The object of research is the processes of controlling the state of side rocks to prevent the collapse of the stratified rock strata in the coal-rock massif containing the workings. The studies carried out made it possible to establish the influence of the rigidity of the guard structures of mine workings on the stability of side rocks in the coal-rock massif. It is proved that as a result of the action of an external compressive load on the supporting lateral rocks, the structure, in the form of a model of bunches made of wooden posts, increases its rigidity until the destruction of the security structure. After that, there is an increase in the convergence of side rocks and their destruction. The change in the stiffness of the crushed rock in the filling massif model, which is used to support the lateral rocks, occurs as a result of the compaction of the original material. This is due to repackaging of crushed rock fractions of different sizes and its additional grinding. As a result of this interaction of the side rocks with the filling massif, the integrity of the roof and soil is ensured and convergence is limited. To assess the stability of side rocks, it is proposed to use a dimensionless stress concentration factor k. This coefficient takes into account the rigidity of the guard structures of the mine workings and the flexural rigidity of the side rocks. It was found that when the values of the coefficient k are close to zero (k→0), there is a loss of stability of the guard structures of mine workings and the destruction of side rocks in the coal-rock massif. The preservation of the integrity of the side rocks and the stability of security structures is ensured at values of k>0.1, which corresponds to the parameters of the pliable supporting structures. Most favorably on the condition of side rocks in the coal-rock massif is influenced by the method of backing up the mined-out space of crushed rock. The use of this method excludes the collapse of side rocks. When solving the problem of stability of mine workings at the stage of making technical decisions, it is necessary to predetermine the issues of rigidity of security structures with deformation characteristics of side rocks.
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Mydlikowski, Remigiusz, and Krzysztof Maniak. "Measurement of Electromagnetic Field Component Emissions as a Precursor of Emerging Hazard in Coal Mines." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology 4, no. 2019 (December 30, 2019): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2019.135419.
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The article presents the results of research concerning electromagnetic (EM) field emitted by rocks during the process of their destruction. The paper describes a measuring stand designed for subjecting rock samples to axial crushing. During the destruction of rock samples, both components of the electromagnetic field emitted by the rock were recorded. The paper presents the results of research on hard coal samples, presenting the obtained time domain waveforms and frequency spectrum of the emitted EM field components. Further potential uses of tests concerned with EM emitted by rocks are determined. Applications registering EM field in mine environments may provide an early mine collapse warnings.
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Potokin, Aleksandr S., and Andrei A. Klimov. "Efficiency comparative analysis of electric pulse destruction of different types rocks of the Murmansk region." Transaction Kola Science Centre 11, no. 7-2020 (December 30, 2020): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2307-5252.2020.7.19.012.
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Electric pulse destruction of certain types of mineral raw materials has a number of advantages over mechanical methods of destruction, for example, selectivity of destruction without damaging the crystal structures of the destroyed raw materials; lower energy intensity of the processes of destruction of hard rocks: no additional contamination of materials when crushing especially hard and abrasive materials. Comparative analysis of the results of destruction of various types of rocks allows us to conclude about the advantages or disadvantages of electric pulse destruction of certain rocks.
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Wu, Chunyan, Jingong Zhang, Wei Xiong, Bo Li, Yijun Wang, Jinning Zhang, and Qiang Cui. "Paleogene-Neogene Cap Rocks and its Relationship with Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Zhanhua Sag." Open Petroleum Engineering Journal 9, no. 1 (December 29, 2016): 299–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874834101609010299.
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To analyse the Zhanhua Paleogene–Neogene cap rocks and its relationship with hydrocarbon accumulation, the seal lithology, the relationship between compaction of argillite rock and its sealing capacity, and its destruction by faults and fractures were studied. The results indicate that there are four types of cap rocks: argillite rock and silty mudstone, microcrystalline carbonate, dense cemented sandstone and dense cemented carbonate. Among these cap rocks, argillite rock is the main type in the Zhanhua Sag. According to the evolutionary characteristics of the argillite rock and its destruction by fractures and faults, the argillite cap can be classified into three categories: porosity cap, fracture transformation cap and the fault transformation cap. Among their sealing capacities, the porosity cap is the best, followed by the fracture transformation cap, and the fault transformation cap is the worst. Through the analysis of the relationship between existing oil & gas reservoirs and the distribution characteristics of the Paleogene–Neogene cap rocks in the Zhanhua Sag, it was found that the cap combination which was below or above the reservoir together controlled the hydrocarbon accumulation and preservation. It means that the destruction of the cap below or down-dip the reservoir is a necessary condition for hydrocarbon accumulation, and only when the sealing capacity of the cap rock above or up-dip the reservoir is better than that of below or down-dip the reservoir, hydrocarbon could be efficiently stored in reservoirs, thus could be effectively enriched.
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Romanova, Victoria S., and Viktor V. Gabov. "The Effect of Combined Loads on the Destruction of Rocks with a Granular Structure." Materials Science Forum 1022 (February 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1022.1.
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The article addresses the features of rock disintegration based on the principles of selective and preferential destruction in high-frequency cone vibratory crushers with a free-turning inner cone. Based on the common method for determining the ultimate strength of rocks, a method for investigating the process of ore destruction under repeated and versatile influences has been proposed depending on the structure of the crushed material. The results of an experimental research of the destruction of rock samples on a press with limited force are given.
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ERMOLOVICH, E. A., and A. V. OVCHINNIKOV. "INVESTIGATION OF THERMAL AND MATERIAL FIELDS INFL UENCE ON CHANGES OF PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CHALK FOR ASSESSMENT OF ITS WORKABILITY." News of the Tula state university. Sciences of Earth 2, no. 1 (2020): 247–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.46689/2218-5194-2020-2-1-247-263.
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Experimental studies were performed and the dependences of the influence of thermal and material fields on the change in the following physical and mechanical characteristics of the chalk were established: density, the ultimate compressive strength, ultimate tensile strength, ultimate shear strength, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, and stickiness. The geomechanical and energy criteria characterizing the chalk workability are calculated: the coefficient of hardness, the indicator of the difficulty of rock destruction, the indicator of the difficulty of rock excavation, the energy intensity of digging and rock destruction. A classification of chalk by workability was developed, in which 5 categories of rocks are distinguished: I -soft chalk, of very low strength; II - dense semi-solid chalk, low strength; III - solid dense chalk of increased strength; IV - solid strong chalk; V - rocky chalk
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Averin, E. A. "FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF THE USE OF V-TYPE DISC CUTTERS IN TUNNELING AS A REFERENCE POINT FOR PROSPECTIVE STUDIES IN RUSSIA." Mining science and technology, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/2500-0632-2018-4-41-50.
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Equipping of TBMs with rock cutting tools in the modern foreign practice of tunneling is based on the usage of CCS-type disc cutters. But there is also another type of tool for rock destruction when tunneling. It is a V-type disc cutter. As practice shows, in some situations it can provide greater work efficiency than a standard tool. Domestic research in this direction is mainly limited to the study of V-type tools of relatively small diameter for equipping roadheaders. Thus, this experience cannot be applied, if necessary, to the tunneling operations with TBM. Therefore, the studying of foreign experience on this issue is advisable. The paper analyzes studies conducted by foreign experts in the process of tunneling for various purposes in Turkey in the first decade of this century. These studies include the determination of a wide range of physical and technical properties of rocks, laboratory and field tests to determine the strength characteristics of the rock destruction process, comparison of laboratory, field and theoretical values of forces and energy performance of TBMs. As a result of the tests, it was found that the effectiveness of rock destruction is determined not only by their strength, but also by struc-tural and texture features. Differences were also observed when comparing laboratory experiments with field data, and comparing laboratory and full-scale force values on disc cutters in the process of rock destruction with theoretical values. In addition, the prospective areas of application of V-type disk cutters include the destruction of viscous non-abrasive rocks with a small amount of mineral inclusions or, with some reservations, the destruction of very hard and abrasive rocks. Not all conclusions made on the basis of the analysis performed coincide with the opinions of the authors of the initial studies, therefore, for a more complete understanding of the topic, it is recommended to read the literature (especially foreign literature) from the list of quoted sources.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rocks destruction"
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Гонтарь, Павло Анатолійович. "Удосконалення технології механічного руйнування гірських порід використанням кумулятивного вибухового ядра." Doctoral thesis, Київ, 2017. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/18700.
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Дисертаційна робота присвячена розробці нового енергоефективного вибухо-механічного способу руйнування гірських порід з використанням кумулятивного вибухового ядра. Розроблено математичну модель енергоємності руйнування гірських порід, що враховує параметри вибухо-механічного навантаження вибою і сукупність дії природної та внесеної технологічної тріщинуватостей. Створено повнорозмірний експериментальний пристрій для реалізації комбінованого вибухо-механічного руйнування гірських порід. Пристрій дозволив експериментально встановити зниження питомої енергоємності вибухо-механічного руйнування гірських порід від частоти навантажень кумулятивним вибуховим ядром (на 9…16 %) та температури вибуху (на 4…7 %). При цьому забезпечено зростання коефіцієнта корисної дії з 77 % до 80 % та продуктивності руйнування гірських порід на 9…14 %. Результати досліджень апробовано в технологічному процесі ПП «Давидівський гранкар’єр». Досягнуто зниження питомої енергоємності руйнування граніту з 201 до 188 кВт·год/м³ вибухо-механічним способом за рахунок доповнення природних тріщин внесеними технологічними кумулятивним вибуховим ядром.
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Keaney, A. "Rapid, Non-destructive Screening of Adhered Rock and Crystalline Material for criminal investigation." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527821.
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Rutschlin, Marc. "The non-destructive measurement of the radio frequency properties of hard rock borehole cores." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50504.
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Thesis (PhD) -- Stellenbosch University, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The effective use of borehole radar in geophysical exploration requires accurate knowledge of the dielectric properties of the geological system in which it is employed. The attenuation and propagation velocity of pulses through rock must be known in order to plan and interpret experimental data. Conventional destructive methods for the measurement of hard rock cores require the careful preparation of samples. This firstly necessitates the selection of sampling position and the resulting estimation of rock properties based on sparse measurements, and secondly results in the loss of material and thus data. The ready availability of cylindrical borehole core samples invites the use of a nondestructive means of measuring their properties. A novel design for a flexible guarded capacitor which conforms to a core's cylindrical surface is presented here. T he proposed device has numerous advantages over previous methods. No material is lost to sample preparation and a detailed characterisation of the entire core, including inclusions and transitions between rock types, may be performed. A detailed methodology for the rapid construction of a robust capacitor is given. Guidelines for its operation to achieve repeatable and accurate measurements of the complex dielectric constant of samples of varying homogeneity in the 1- 25 MHz frequency range are presented. The increased amount of data collected from complete core samples is analysed statistically, and amongst other things allows the estimation of the rock's homogeneity. Comparisons of the dielectric properties measured in the laboratory to propagation velocity estimates obtained from crosshole borehole shoots show that a more homogeneous sample is a better predictor of bulk propagating conditions. Detailed studies of the dielectric properties of economically important diamondiferous and platiniferous geological systems show that borehole radar is a feasible tool for the high resolution delineation of ore bodies and other geological targets.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die effektiewe gebruik van boorgatradar in geofisiese eksplorasie benodig akkurate kennis van die dielektriese eienskappe van die geologiese sisteme waarin dit gebruik word. Kennis van die verswakking en voortplantingsnelheid van pulse deur die rots word benodig om eksperimente te beplan en gemete data te interpret eer. Vir konvensionele destruktiewe meetmetodes van harde rotskerne is noukeurige voorbereiding van monsters noodsaaklik. Hierdie proses vereis eerstens 'n keuse van meetposisies en die afskatting van rotseienskappe gebaseer op verspreide metings, en lei tweedens tot die verlies van materiaal en dus data. Die beskikbaarheid van silindriese bom·gat kernmonsters maak dit moontlik om die kerneienskappe op n nie-destruktiewe manier te meet. Die ontwerp van 'n nuwe buigbare afgeskermde kapasitor wat op 'n silindriese kernoppervlak pas, word hier voorgestel. Die toestel het verskeie voordele bo huidige metodes. Geen materiaal word gedurende monstervoorbereiding verloor nie, en 'n volledige beskywing van die eienskappe van die hele kern , met insluitings en oorgange tussen rotstipes, kan verkry word. 'n Gedetaileerde prosedure vir die vinnige konstruksie van 'n robuuste kapasitor word gegee. Die gebruik van die toestel vir herhaalbare en akkurate metings van die komplekse dielektriese konstante van verskillend homogene monsters in die 1- 25 MHz frekwensie bereik word beskryf. Die groter hoeveelheid data wat deur middel van hierdie metode van hele kernmonsters verkry kan word , word statisties geanaliseer, en laat onder andere 'n skatting van die rots se homogeniteit toe. Vergelykings van laboratoriumgemete rotseienskappe met veldskattings van voortplant ingsnelhede wys dat 'n meer homogene monster tot 'n beter afskatting van werklike voortplantingstoestande lei. Studies van die dielektriese eienskappe van ekonomies belangrike diamanthoudende en platinumryk geologiese sisteme wys dat boorgatradar geskik is vir hoe resolusie uitkenning van ertsligame en ander geologiese teikens.
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Кириченко, Володимир Якович, Владимир Яковлевич Кириченко, and V. Y. Kirichenko. "Наукові основи підвищення стійкості виробок високоресурсним кріпленням в геодинамічних зонах очисної виїмки." Thesis, Видавництво НГУ, 2012. http://ir.nmu.org.ua/handle/123456789/155.
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня доктора технічних наук за cпеціальністю 05.15.02 – підземна розробка родовищ корисних копалин, Державний ВНЗ «Національний гірничий університет» МОНмолодьспорт України, Дніпропетровськ, 2012.Диссертация на соискание учёной степени доктора технических наук по специальности 05.15.02 – подземная разработка месторождений полезных ископаемых. Государственный ВУЗ «Национальный горный университет» МОН молодежи и спорта Украины, Днепропетровск, 2012.
Doctor of technical sciences thesis on specialization 05.15.02 – Underground mining of mineral deposits. – State higher education instituton “National Mining University”, Dniproperovsk, 2012.
Дисертація присвячена питанням надійної й економічної підтримки підготовчих виробок на основі методів і способів керування напруженим станом металорамних кріплень і масиву, що вміщує виробку. Основна ідея роботи полягає у використанні явища утворення рухомих порушених зон навколо відслоненої поверхні (очисного вибою лави), що рухається для наукового обґрунтування й розробки високоресурсних металорамних кріплень, що забезпечують безпеку й ефективність підтримання підготовчих виробок у складних гірничо-геологічних умовах. У роботі обґрунтовано новий підхід і вимоги до деформаційно-силових параметрів кріплень; надано нове уявлення закономірностей протікання деформаційних процесів у підроблюваному масиві; установлені характер і механізм взаємодії кріплення виробки й підроблюваного масиву; обґрунтований новий підхід керування надійністю виробок за рахунок попереднього резервування й оптимізації запасу міцності кріплення при очікуваному впливі напружено-деформованих зон, що переміщаються. Це дозволило обґрунтувати й розробити нові конструкції металорамних кріплень, замкових з'єднань і шахтного спецпрофілю, які забезпечують суттєве підвищення стійкості підготовчих виробок і зниження витрат на їх підтримання.
Диссертация посвящена вопросам надёжного и экономичного поддержания подготовительных выработок на основе методов и способов управления напряжённым состоянием металлорамных крепей и вмещающего массива. Основная идея работы заключается в использовании явления образования перемещающихся нарушенных зон в окрестности движущейся обнажённой поверхности (очистного забоя лавы) для научного обоснования и разработки высокоресурсных металлорамных крепей, обеспечивающих безопасность и эффективность поддержания подготовительных выработок в сложных горно-геологических условиях. Обоснованы требования к силовым и кинематическим параметрам крепей. Установлено, что для обеспечения эксплуатационной устойчивости выработок наиболее эффективный интервал сопротивления крепи 150 – 250 кН/м2 и может увеличиваться (при глубине разработки более 1000 м) до 350 – 450 кН/м2, а более 400 кН/м2 – является нецелесообразным. Впервые дано представление закономерностей протекания деформационных процессов в подрабатываемом массиве, заключающиеся в том, что впереди движущегося очистного забоя вслед за нарастающим волнообразным изменением напряжённого состояния пород в упругом режиме деформаций происходит (на удалении порядка 1/2 длины лавы) разрушение пород, обусловленное изменением соотношения компонента напряжений, с образованием перемещающихся нарушенных зон «сжатия – разуплотнения» с периодическим расщеплением породной толщи на структурные блочно-слоистые элементы, с приближением к очистному забою протяжённость этих зон снижается, а степень разрушения – увеличивается. Установлено, что при взаимодействии зон – стационарной вокруг проведённой подготовительной выработки и движущейся впереди очистного фронта - наблюдается последовательное (по мере приближения забоя лавы) изменение внешнего граничного условия, проходящего ступенчато с нарастанием, в силу чего предельное равновесие нарушается и размеры зоны увеличиваются, а обеспечение устойчивости выработки достигается соответствующим увеличением внутреннего граничного условия, т.е. усилением крепи, которое должно упреждающе соответствовать приросту внешнего граничного условия, определяемому скоростью подвигания лавы и прочностными свойствами массива пород. Обоснован научный подход к эффективному управлению надёжностью крепи, заключающийся в резервировании и оптимизации запаса прочности конструкции, что достигается формоизменением элементов крепи, их разнорадиусным исполнением и сопряжённостью в узлах податливости, обеспечивающих сглаживание реакции крепи на воздействие перемещающихся напряжённо-деформированных зон пород. Установлено, что повышение предельной несущей способности крепи достигается дифференцированным изменением кривизны критического элемента, с увеличением которой по гиперболическому закону возрастает несущая способность (в 2 и более раз). Определены необходимые значения силовых и кинематических параметров металлорамных крепей: предельная несущая способность комплекта не менее 700 – 850 кН/раму; рабочее сопротивление не менее 450 кН/раму; конструктивная податливость для трехзвенных конструкций до 700 мм и для многозвенных конструкций до 1000 мм. Это обеспечивается формоизменением сечения к эллипсной конфигурации и дифференцированным усилением образующих элементов, совершенствованием конструкции и расположения соединительных элементов крепи (узлов податливости), применением более совершенных способов гибки образующих сегментов крепи. Разработаны конструкции крепей нового технического уровня (КШПУ-М, КЦЛ, КПП, КМП-А3(А4)Р2, КМП-А3(А5)Р2, КЦЛО). Типоразмерный ряд крепей охватывает максимальный диапазон сечений: от 9,5 до 25,5 м2. Всего создано 65 типоразмерных моделей. В новых конструкциях по сравнению с типовыми крепями достигнуто увеличение силовых характеристик в 1,5 – 2,0 и более раз. Разработан новый профиль горячекатаный для крепей горных выработок – спецпрофиль СПА, в конструкции которого поперечное сечение днища выполнено переменной толщины, которое увеличивается от плоскости симметрии к участкам сопряжения с наклонными боковыми стенками, а нижние грани фланцев сопряжены с криволинейными опорными поверхностями фланцев и расположены под острым углом к горизонтальной плоскости. Принципиальным отличием и преимуществом профиля СПА является возможность использования принципа трения в желобе, реализация которого в узлах податливости крепи позволяет повысить уровень рабочего сопротивления на 30 – 50% и стабилизировать его значение. Высокоресурсные крепи нового технического уровня внедрены в практику крепления подготовительных выработок на шахтах со сложными горно-геологическими условиями (ОАО «Павлоградуголь», ПАО «Ш/у «Покровское», ГП «Красноармейскуголь», ДУЭК, «Дзержинскуголь», Свердловантрацит», «Краснодонуголь» и др.), а также за рубежом (Болгария, Иран, Эстония). Подтверждённый экономический эффект – 93,7 млн грн.
The thesis is dedicated to safe and economic maintenance of development workings based on methods of stress state management of metal-frame supports and host massif. Basic idea of the work is usage of detected phenomena of dislocating fractured zones formation close to the moving exposed surface (longwall stope) for scientific substantiation and development of new constructions of metal-frame supports providing safety and effectiveness of development workings support in complex mining-geological conditions. New approach and requirements for strain-force parameters of supports is substantiated; new representation of laws of strain processes flow within developed massif is given; character and interaction mechanism of support and developed massif is established; new approach of workings reliability management is substantiated by way of preliminary reserving and optimization of support durability reserve with expected influence of moving stress-strain zones. It would allow to substantiate and develop new constructions of metal-frame, lock connections and mine special profile that provide significant increase of development workings stability and decrease of costs for their maintenance.
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Steelman, Karen Lynn. "Non-destructive radiocarbon and stable isotopic analyses of archaeological materials using plasma oxidation." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2739.
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Plasma oxidation, an alternative to combustion, is shown to be a non-destructive method for obtaining radiocarbon dates on perishable organic artifacts. Electrically excited oxygen gently converts organic carbon to carbon dioxide. Radiocarbon measurements are then performed using accelerator mass spectrometry. Because only sub-milligram amounts of material are removed from an artifact over its exposed surface, no visible change in fragile materials has been observed, even under magnification. Materials in this study include: Third International Radiocarbon Intercomparison (TIRI) sample B (Belfast pine); Fourth International Radiocarbon Intercomparison (FIRI) optional samples; six different materials from a naturally mummified baby bundle from southwest Texas; and peyote from Shumla Caves, Texas, and Cuatro Ci??negas, Mexico.
Continuing previous research in the Rowe laboratory, a primary application of plasma oxidation has been its use to date rock art at archaeological sites around the world. This dissertation includes dates for: Toca do Serrote da Bastiana, Brazil; Ignatievskaya Cave, Russia; partially buried megalithic monuments, Spain; Arnold/Tainter Cave, Wisconsin; and Little Lost River Cave No. 1, Idaho.
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Супрун, М. В. "Підвищення роботоздатності алмазних бурових коронок в твердих породах." Thesis, Івано-Франківський національний технічний університет нафти і газу, 2016. http://elar.nung.edu.ua/handle/123456789/4864.
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Дисертація присвячена питанням підвищення роботоздатності алмазних бурових коронок з комбінованою матрицею при бурінні геологорозвідувальних свердловин у твердих породах за допомогою нового надтвердого матеріалу - гібридайт. Проведений аналіз літературних джерел показав, що найбільш ефективним інструментом для буріння твердих гірських порід на даний час є інструмент з комбінованою матрицею, оснащеною як синтетичними монокристалами алмазу так і полікристалічними матеріалами водночас. Охарактеризовано існуючі надтверді матеріали, які використовуються при оснащенні бурових коронок з комбінованою матрицею. Уперше створена математична модель процесу еволюції робочого профілю та з використанням розрахунку контактного тиску на поверхні алмазної коронки з комбінованою матрицею в процесі буріння геологорозвідувальних свердловин. Проведено в лабораторних умовах, за допомогою розроблених та удосконалених методик, порівняльні дослідження з взаємодії породоруйнівних вставок з гірською породою, та їх вплив на характер руйнування твердих гірських порід, а також досліджено вплив схеми оснащення робочого торця бурової коронки поро-доруйнівними вставками з гібридайту на роботоздатність алмазної бурової коронки з комбінованою матрицею. Вперше встановлено, що при руйнуванні твердих гірських порід вставками з гібридайту очевидний характер руйнування породи, притаманний сколюванню. Розроблені та передані до впровадження підприємству ДП «Центрукргеологія» для буріння геологорозвідувальних свердловин у твердих породах, комбіновані бурові коронки типу БТ-22, які оснащені синтетичними алмазами та породоруй-нівними вставками з гібридайту й мають високу механічну швидкість буріння і підвищену проходку в порівнянні із серійними коронками.Диссертация посвящена вопросам повышения работоспособности алмазных буровых коронок с комбинированной матрицей при бурении геологоразведочных скважин в твердых породах с помощью нового сверхтвердого материала - гибридайт. Проведенный анализ литературных источников показал, что наиболее эффективным инструментом для бурения твердых горных пород в настоящее время является инструмент с комбинированной матрицей, оснащенной как синтетическими монокристаллами алмаза, так и поликристаллическими материалами одновременно. Обзор существующих сверхтвердых материалов, которые используются при оснащении буровых коронок с комбинированной матрицей, показал, что наиболее перспективным поликристаллическим сверхтвердым материалом является гибридайт. Разработана методика испытаний породоразрушающих вставок на износостойкость при разрушении различных горных пород, и усовершенствована методика изучения шероховатости поверхности забоя, сформированного при алмазном бурении, с помощью аналого-цифрового преобразователя и специально разработанной программы расчета параметров микропрофиля поверхности. Предложен новый подход к оценке распределения контактного давления по рабочей поверхности буровой коронки, основанный на численном анализе модельной контактной краевой задачи механики деформируемого твердого тела и учитывающий не только кинематику процесса бурения, но и специфику контактного взаимодействия инструмента с породой. С помощью численного моделирования рассчитаны значения интенсивности износа рабочей поверхности буровой коронки, достаточно близкие к наблюдаемым на практике результатам, что является убедительным аргументом в пользу адекватности предложенной математической модели и надежности представленных числовых данных. Проведена оценка износостойкости буровой коронки с армирующими породоразрушающего вставками, исследовано влияние их расположения на рабочий поверхности коронки. Получено уравнение для определения эффективного коэффициента износа рабочей поверхности коронки в зависимости от способа его армирования породоразрушающими вставками. Впервые предложена математическая модель эволюции рабочего профиля буровой коронки, которую можно использовать для оптимизации конструкции комбинированной матрицы, включая выбор профиля, оснащенность и применение породоразрушающих вставок с разной износостойкостью. Проведены в лабораторных условиях сравнительные исследования по взаимодействию породоразрушающих вставок с горными породами, и их влияние на характер разрушения твердых горных пород, а также исследовано влияние схемы оснащения рабочего торца буровой коронки породоразрушающими вставками из гибридайта на износостойкость и механическую скорость бурения. Впервые установлено, что использование породоразрушающих вставок из гибридайта в комбинированной матрице буровой коронки приводит к повышению износостойкости инструмента и увеличению механической скорости в процессе бурения твердых горных пород. Также было установлено, что в процессе работы вставок из гибридайта наблюдается эффект «самозатачивания», вследствие чего при бурении геологоразведочных скважин такой вставкой очевиден характер разрушения породы, присущий скалыванию, а именно с отделением от массива более крупных частиц шлама. Приведены результаты исследования влияния схемы оснащения рабочего торца вставками гибридайта на эффективность бурения твердых горных пород импрегни-рованными коронками. Установлено, что оснащение калибрующей части импрегни-рованной коронки вставками гибридайта способствует устранению ее аномального износа, а также приводит к повышению эффективности и механической скорости бурения крепких горных пород. Разработаны и переданы к внедрению на предприятии ГП «Центрукргеология» для бурения геологоразведочных скважин в твердых породах комбинированные буровые коронки типа БТ-22, которые оснащены синтетическими алмазами и породоразрушающими вставками из гибридайта и имеют повышенную работоспособность в сравнении с серийными коронками типа БС-06.
Thesis is devoted to improve efficiency of diamond drilling bits with a combined matrix while drilling exploration wells in hard rock with the help of the new superhard material - gibridayt. The analysis of the literature has shown that the most effective tool for drilling hard rock is now a tool with a combined matrix, equipped with both a synthetic diamond single crystal and polycrystalline materials at the same time. We characterize the existing superhard materials, which are used for equipping the drill bits with a combined matrix. For the first time a mathematical model of the process of evolution of the working surface of the combined drilling bit with using the calculation of contact pressure on the surface of the combined drilling bit has been created, which is based on the numerical analysis of the model of contact boundary value problem of solid and provides account for not only the kinematics of the drilling process, but also particularities of the contact interaction tool with rock. The comparative studies, having been conducted in lab environment, on the interaction of rock-breaking inserts with subsurface rocks, and their influence on the character of destruction of solid rocks, and also the influence of the circuit equipping the working end of the drilling bit of rock-breaking inserts gibridayt on resistance to abrasion and ROP has been explored. It has also been found out that the inserts from gibridayt an effect of «self-sharpening» is being observed during the operation, as a result of drilling exploration wells by using such insert the character of rock destruction is obvious, in particular the separation of larger solid particles of the slurry. Combined drilling bits such as BT-22 which are equipped with synthetic diamonds and rock-breaking inserts from gibridayt and have increasing efficiency comparing with serial bits has been developed and transferred for implementation at the enterprise «Centrukrgeologiya».
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Arab, Paola Bruno. "Rock cutting by abrasive water jet: an energy approach." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18132/tde-11072017-152834/.
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Abrasive waterjet (AWJ) cutting is a versatile technique which has been effectively applied to rock cutting since the late 1980s. The complexity of the interaction between the waterjet and the rocks complicates the thorough understanding of the phenomena involved in AWJ rock cutting. On one hand, rocks are complex materials which are generated through different processes in an uncontrolled environment without human interference. On the other hand, the AWJ acts with high velocity and turbulence, complicating direct observation and the perception of details. In this respect, the present research aims to contribute to the study of AWJ cutting applied to rocks, including the analysis of qualitative and quantitative information, both of great importance regarding the study of complex materials. Concerning quantitative data, special attention is given to the investigation of the cutting efficiency, which can be analyzed by observing conditions in which the higher cutting rate is associated with the minimum energy provided by the AWJ machine per removed volume of rock. Moreover, the real efficiency can be analyzed through the investigation of the conditions in which the major part of the energy provided by the AWJ machine is used effectively for rock cutting, deducting dissipation losses. The effects of varying traverse velocity and pump pressure on cutting parameters were also investigated, in addition to the influence of rock properties on the effective energy of cutting. The effective energy was calculated based both on the specific energy and specific destruction work of the materials. With respect to the qualitative investigation, petrographic and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were conducted in order to visualize and better understand the different effects of cutting on the studied rocks. Cutting tests with a traverse velocity of 200 mm/min and a pump pressure of 400 MPa presented the most efficient rock cutting regarding both methods of efficiency analysis. Dry density and tensile strength presented fair correlations with the effective cutting energy, while the modulus ratio presented the best correlations. It was observed that brittleness plays a key role in the understanding of the phenomena involved in AWJ rock cutting.O jato d\'água abrasivo (AWJ) é uma técnica versátil que tem sido efetivamente aplicada ao corte de rochas desde o fim da década de 1980. A complexidade da interação entre o jato e as rochas dificulta a compreensão detalhada dos fenômenos envolvidos no corte de rochas com AWJ. Por um lado, rochas são materiais complexos gerados em ambientes sem interferência humana. Por outro lado, o AWJ age com alta velocidade e turbulência, dificultando a observação direta do procedimento. Assim, a presente tese de doutorado visa a contribuir com o estudo do corte de rochas com AWJ, incluindo análises de dados qualitativos e quantitativos, ambos de grande importância em estudos de materiais complexos. A análise quantitativa possui foco na investigação da eficiência de corte, a qual pode ser analisada por meio da observação das condições em que há a maior taxa de corte associada à mínima energia fornecida pelo AWJ por volume de rocha removido. Além disso, a eficiência real do corte pode ser analisada a partir da investigação das condições em que a maior parte da energia fornecida pelo AWJ é usada para efetivamente cortar a rocha, descontando perdas por dissipação. Os efeitos da variação da velocidade transversal de corte e da pressão da bomba nos parâmetros de corte também foram investigados, além da influência das propriedades das rochas na energia efetiva de corte. A energia efetiva de corte, denominada energia relativa de formação da ranhura (EKR), foi calculada com base na energia específica e no trabalho de destruição específico dos materiais. Análises de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (SEM) e petrografia foram conduzidas para visualizar e compreender melhor os diferentes efeitos do corte nas rochas estudadas. Os testes de corte realizados com velocidade transversal do bocal de 200 mm/min e pressão da bomba de 400 MPa apresentaram as melhores eficiências de corte considerando-se ambos os métodos de análise de eficiência. Dentre as propriedades das rochas investigadas, a massa específica e a resistência à tração por compressão diametral apresentaram correlações razoáveis com EKR, enquanto que o modulus ratio apresentou as melhores correlações. Observou-se que a ruptibilidade possui papel fundamental na compreensão dos fenômenos envolvidos no corte de rochas com AWJ.
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Vorona, Maxim. "Optimierung des Schneidprozesses und Prognose der relevanten Arbeitsgrößen bei der Gesteinszerstörung unter Berücksichtigung des Meißelverschleißes." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-96367.
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Die Dissertation befasst sich mit der Optimierung des Schneidprozesses bei der Gesteinsgewinnung und der Erarbeitung eines Modells zur Prognose der relevanten Arbeitsgrößen unter Berücksichtigung der Abnutzung der Schneidwerkzeuge. Die Untersuchungen wurden mit Rundschaftmeißeln unterschiedlicher Verschleißzustände durchgeführt. Gegenstand der Untersuchungen waren die von den Schneidparametern abhängigen Größen wie Schneidkräfte, spezifische Energie, Staubmengenanteil und Stückigkeit des gewonnenen Gesteins. Es wurden die Auswirkungen des Meißelverschleißes auf die optimalen Schneidparameter festgestellt, denen beim Einsatz einer Gewinnungsmaschine oder bereits in der Konstruktionsphase des Gewinnungsorgans Rechnung getragen werden sollten.
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Lunow, Christian. "Simulation von gesteinsmechanischen Bohr- und Schneidprozessen mittels der Diskreten - Elemente - Methode." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-186820.
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Mit dem zweidimensionalen numerischen Diskrete-Elemente-Programm UDEC wurde nach vorheriger Kalibrierung das Einstanzen einer keilförmigen Schneide in Gesteinsmaterial simuliert und mit Laborversuchen verglichen. Außerdem wurde ein Schneidprozess simuliert. Mittels einer selbst entwickelten Routine, welche die Gesteinselemente bei Überlastung zerteilt und ein ‚Re-meshing‘ erzeugt, konnten befriedigende Simulationsergebnisse erzielt werden.
Mit der dreidimensionalen Simulationssoftware PFC3D auf Partikelbasis wurden Modelle mit Hilfe von Zug-, Druck-, Scher- und Stanzversuchen kalibriert und anschließend Schneid- und Bohrversuche simuliert. Die Schneidsimulationen erbrachten bezüglich der Kräfte bei verschiedenen Prozessparametern gute Übereinstimmung mit den Laborversuchen. Bei der Bohrsimulationen konnten Kräfte und Momente aus den Laborversuchen nur teilweise reproduziert werden.
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Кльон, Андрій Миколайович, Андрей Николаевич Клён, and A. M. Klyon. "Закономірності руйнування гранітних блоків спрямованим механічним впливом." Thesis, Видавництво НГУ, 2011. http://ir.nmu.org.ua/handle/123456789/133.
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.15.09 – «Геотехнічна і гірнича механіка». ДВНЗ «Національний гірничий університет», Дніпропетровськ, 2011.Диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата технических наук по специальности 05.15.09 – «Геотехническая и горная механика». ГВУЗ «Национальный горный университет», Днепропетровск, 2011.
Dissertation for a Candidate's degree in Engineering, specialty 05.15.09 – Geotechnical and mining mechanics. State Higher Educational Establishment «National Mining University», Dnipropetrovs'k, 2011.
Дисертація присвячена підвищенню ефективності (вдосконаленню) технологічних процесів виробництва колотого каменю за рахунок інтенсифікації процесів руйнування гірських порід шляхом впровадження нового способу розколювання – спрямованим механічним впливом. В роботі запропонований і науково обґрунтований новий спосіб розколювання гірських порід – спрямованим механічним впливом, який полягає в нерівномірному розподілі зовнішнього зусилля по довжині заготовки. На відміну від традиційної схеми, коли зовнішнє навантаження рівномірно розподіляється по всій довжині заготовки, а механізм руйнування складається з утворення системи тріщин і їх злиття, при запропонованому способі початкова тріщина створюється лише одна – там, де діють граничні (максимальні) напруження. Подальший спрямований розвиток початкової тріщини призводить до руйнування гірської породи, причому на цей процес витрачається мінімум енергії.
Диссертация посвящена повышению эффективности (усовершенствованию) технологических процессов производства колотого камня за счет интенсификации процессов разрушения горных пород путем внедрения нового способа раскалывания – направленным механическим воздействием. В работе предложен и научно обоснован новый способ раскалывания горных пород – направленным механическим воздействием, который состоит в неравномерном распределении внешней нагрузки по длине заготовки. В отличие от традиционной схемы, когда внешняя нагрузка равномерно распределяется по длине раскалываемой заготовки, а механизм разрушения состоит в образовании системы трещин и их слиянии, при предложенном способе начальная трещина создается только одна – там, где действуют предельные (максимальные) напряжения. Дальнейшее направленное распространение начальной трещины приводит к разрушению горной породы, причем на этот процесс расходуется минимум энергии. Разработаны и проанализированы математические модели клиновых рабочих органов, в которых неравномерное распределение внешнего усилия по длине раскалываемой заготовки обеспечивается за счет соединения клиньев рабочего органа с нагружающей машиной при помощи упругих элементов различной жесткости. Сформулированы требования к параметрам таких рабочих органов, позволяющие получать колотые камни с минимальной энергоемкостью процесса раскалывания и заданным качеством поверхности раскола. Показано, что несмотря на введение в конструкцию дополнительного упругого элемента, надежность предлагаемых технических решений не уменьшается в сравнении с базовым вариантом за счет снижения вероятности появления в системе пиковых нагрузок. Экспериментально установлены закономерности разрушения горных пород направленным механическим воздействием, а именно влияние неравномерности внешнего усилия по длине раскалываемой заготовки на параметры технологического процесса – усилие, время, производительность и энергоемкость. На основе проведенных исследований разработаны рекомендации по внедрению нового способа разрушения горных пород в конструкциях клиновых рабочих органов камнекольных станков и подобного оборудования. Внедрение разработанных рекомендаций позволит снизить на 30...40% усилие, на 10...20% время цикла, на 5...10% вес техники и на 20...40% – энергоемкость процесса разрушения. Перечисленные разработки положены в основу эффективной энергосберегающей технологии производства колотого камня, которая обеспечивает повышение производительности труда и позволяет экономить энергоресурсы. Годовой экономический эффект от внедрения нового способа раскалывания только для одной технологической линии по производству брусчатого камня составляет 25,95 тыс. грн.
The dissertation is devoted to increase of efficiency of technological processes of manufacturing chipped stone by intensifying the processes of rock destruction with a help of a new way of splitting – a directed mechanical action. There is offered and scientifically substantiated a new way of splitting rocks, – destruction by a directed mechanical action, – which means a non-uniform distribution of external loading by a sample. Unlike the traditional scheme when external loading is uniformly distributed by the sample, and the destruction mechanism is a formation of set of cracks and their mergence, at the offered way there is created only one initial crack where a limiting pressure operates. The further directed growth of the initial crack leads to the material destruction, the minimum energy being spent for this process.
Books on the topic "Rocks destruction"
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Roses, Guns N'. Appetite for destruction. [United States]: Geffen Records, 1987.
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Appetite for destruction: Legendary encounters with Mick Wall. London: Orion, 2010.
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Young liars: Rock life. New York: DC Comics, 2010.
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The role of rock: Harmless entertainment or destructive influence? Canton, Ohio: Daring Pub. Group, 1989.
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J, Spagnola Lawrence, ed. My appetite for destruction: Sex & drugs & Guns n' Roses. New York: It Books, 2010.
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Appetite for destruction: The days of Guns n' Roses. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1991.
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Appetite for destruction: The days of Guns n' Roses. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1991.
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Drzewiecki, Jan. Wpływ postępu frontu ściany na dynamikę niszczenia górotworu karbońskiego =: Effect of longwall face advance rate on carboniferous rock strata dynamics and destruction. Katowice: GIG, 2004.
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International Workshop on X-Ray CT for Geomaterials (2003 Kumamoto, Japan). X-ray CT for geomaterials: Soils, concrete, rocks : proceedings of the International Workshop on X-Ray CT for Geomaterials : GEOX2003 : 6-7 November, 2003, Kimamoto, Japan. Lisse, the Netherlands: A.A. Balkema, 2004.
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Neskoromnykh, Vyacheslav. Destruction of rocks when drilling wells. Infra-M Academic Publishing House, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/5766.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Rocks destruction"
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Ushakov, V. Ya, V. F. Vajov, and N. T. Zinoviev. "Breaking and Cutting of Rocks and Concretes." In Electro-discharge Technology for Drilling Wells and Concrete Destruction, 231–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04591-3_10.
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Ushakov, V. Ya, V. F. Vajov, and N. T. Zinoviev. "Impulse Electrical Strength of Rocks and Concretes." In Electro-discharge Technology for Drilling Wells and Concrete Destruction, 13–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04591-3_2.
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Nikolai, Shevtsov, Zaitsev Alexey, and Panteleev Ivan. "Deformation and Destruction of Rocks on the True Triaxial Loading System with Continuous Acoustic Emission Registration." In Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences, 424–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11533-3_42.
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Afanas’ev, V. V., and A. V. Uba. "Destruction of Rocky Coastes of Cold Seas." In Processes in GeoMedia—Volume V, 243–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85851-3_27.
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Rakhmankulov, R. R., and A. P. Batalov. "Rock Destruction by Shearing on Surface of Elemetary Prisms." In Mine Planning and Equipment Selection, 359–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02678-7_35.
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Ushakov, V. Ya, V. F. Vajov, and N. T. Zinoviev. "Regularities of Rock Destruction in the Process of ED-Drilling of Wells." In Electro-discharge Technology for Drilling Wells and Concrete Destruction, 83–103. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04591-3_5.
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Gu, Ji-Dong, and Yoko Katayama. "Microbiota and Biochemical Processes Involved in Biodeterioration of Cultural Heritage and Protection." In Microorganisms in the Deterioration and Preservation of Cultural Heritage, 37–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69411-1_2.
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AbstractThe world cultural heritage sites face new challenges for an effective protection and management because of destruction and damage initiated by both natural and anthropogenic causes. Fresh rock and sandstone surfaces of buildings are quickly colonized and covered by a layer of microorganisms, including phototrophs, lithotrophs, and heterotrophs to form a biofilm that alters the local conditions of the stone surfaces, especially under the favorable tropical climate conditions for autotrophic microorganisms and plants. Biofilms had been studied with indigenous or pure cultures of isolated microorganisms, but the selective ones that contribute to deterioration of the cultural heritage cannot be confirmed easily. Currently, high-throughput sequencing and metegenomics analyses are capable of obtaining microbial community and composition in great depth, but they also suffer from similar weakness unable to identify the culprits in the community. With these as background, this article presents a different approach by focusing on the biochemical processes and the responsible microorganisms involved to reveal the destruction processes for management and protection. Among these different functional groups of microorganisms, lichens are known as pioneering rock-decomposing microorganisms, and both sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and fungi participate in the decomposition of sandstone via sulfur cycling and initiation of salt attack of the stone afterward, resulting in defoliation and cracking of stone. Other microorganisms including ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea, especially the latter, have been recently detected on sandstone monuments providing evidence on the new organisms involved in the deterioration of cultural heritage and buildings. In addition, fungi can colonize the surfaces of the matured biofilms and play a new role in the removal of them, which has a potential biotechnological application in conservation of cultural heritage. The new proposed approach by focusing the microorganisms with identified biochemical function is more productive than a description of the community composition and assembly when assessing cultural heritage biodeterioration, and this provides basic and useful information for effective protection strategies and management.
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Joy, Francis. "External and Internal Factors the Desecration and Destruction of Pre-historic Rock Paintings in Finland?" In Springer Polar Sciences, 129–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48069-5_9.
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Han, Li Jun, Yong Nian He, and Hou Quan Zhang. "Study on Complete Stress-Strain Experiment and Destruction Characteristics of Rock under Lower Confining Pressure." In Key Engineering Materials, 70–73. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-456-1.70.
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Taras, André, and Kaveh Saleh. "Non Destructive Inspection of Corrosion in Rock Bolts Using an Ultrasonic Waveguide Approach." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 410–32. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8331-1_30.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Rocks destruction"
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Kosyrev, Feliks K., and Anatoly V. Rodin. "Laser destruction and treatment of rocks." In International Conference on: Advanced Laser Technologies (ALT'01), edited by Dan C. Dumitras, Maria Dinescu, and Vitali I. Konov. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.478631.
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Kunakasov, Arthur Ahatovich, Evgeniy Viktorovich Kharkov, and Robert Aleksandrovich Chigirev. "Mohr-Coulomb Envelope Based on Geomechanical Studies: West Siberian Fields Case Studies. Applied Methods." In SPE Symposium: Petrophysics XXI. Core, Well Logging, and Well Testing. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208427-ms.
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Abstract The strength properties of the rock determine many physical processes occurring in the formation and at the bottom of the well. Deformation and destruction of rocks under the influence of external forces can be both a positive and a negative factor for working with formations at all stages of development. To create the optimal design of the well drilling trajectory, select the optimal development project, the fluids extraction rate from the formations, efficient planning and implementation of hydraulic fracturing procedures, prevention of emergencies during drilling and operation and reduction of oil recovery due to irreversible loss of reservoir properties and solving many other problems, it is necessary to consider possible destruction of the rock. The Mohr-Coulomb envelope (rock strength passport) can be used as a strength criterion for such tasks, it characterizes the boundary values of stresses in the rock, at which its destruction occurs according to the Mohr-Coulomb theory. At article discusses three methods for determinate strength passports based on the results of laboratory studies of rock samples: multistage loading of the sample, assessment of the sample fracture after triaxial compression strength test, the use of "twin" samples for testing. The features of each method, its advantages and limitations are disclosed, examples of construction of strength passports for rocks from fields in Western Siberia are shown. According to the research results, the most preferable is the use of "twin" samples. However, this method is associated with technical difficulties.
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Snachev, А. V., K. R. Nurieva, and R. R. Islamov. "GEOLOGY OF CARBONACEOUS DEPOSITS OF THE BIRGILDA STRATA (EAST URAL TROUGH)." In Проблемы минералогии, петрографии и металлогении. Научные чтения памяти П. Н. Чирвинского. Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/chirvinsky.2021.223.
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The article describes the geological structure of the Birgilda strata, which is widely developed in the East Ural trough. It is shown that the Birgilda black shales, which contain Corg in the range of 0.5–2.7% (average 1.3%), are of the low-carbon type. The exothermic effect in them occurred mainly in the temperature range 570–660 ° С, which corresponds to the greenschist facies of regional metamorphism. On the A-S-C diagram, the rocks of the Birgilda strata are approximately equally scattered over the carbonate-carbonaceous and siliceous-carbonaceous fields and noticeably less in the terrigenous-carbonaceous fields. The Birgilda sequence is characterized by a collisional environment of accumulation and products of destruction of mainly basic igneous rocks.
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Nepop, Roman, Nikolay Smirnov, Roman Molodtsov, Vinicio Reyes Ahumada, Madina Nizametdinova, Julia Polushina, Nailia Kudlaeva, Taras Dolgushin, Andrey Maltsev, and Nikolay Khazov. "Fundamental Aspects of Oilfield Development with Water Breakthrough Risks - Time for a Paradigm Change." In SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206590-ms.
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Abstract The geological features of the reservoir structure are of great importance in the development of oil and gas fields in the West Siberian. A productive formation is usually considered as an integral system that includes two interrelated components: rocks and fluid. In this system, the appearance of water is usually associated with negative consequences - a decrease in the elastic-strength properties of geological substrate and the loss of reservoir rocks stability. How critical is the emergence of water from a well construction and / or operation point of view? The search for an answer to this question has become the main goal of the multidisciplinary investigations presented in this paper. In the framework of these studies, an assessment of the in-time stability of an open borehole in case of presence or penetrating different reservoir fluids was carried out. The calculations were based on the high-resolution 4D modeling, which took into consideration the main dynamic and geomechanical effects stipulated by different production scenarios. The concepts of the interrelations in the "rock - fluid" system were based on the results of special core studies. The main idea of these experiments was to reproduce the saturation conditions of reservoirs, initially related to transition zones and characterized by the presence of different types of fluids (formation water / oil). Testing was carried out on duplicate samples, which were characterized by very similar petrophysical properties, and were saturated with various models of formation fluid. The research program included both standard geomechanical tests and experiments on a thick-walled cylinder, as well as experiments with brine of different chemical composition, salinity, temperature and affected by different methods of saturation. Obtained results confirmed the substantial influence of the formation fluid on the elastic-strength properties of the rocks. At the same time, a fundamental role is played not only by the type of saturating fluid, but also by the saturation technique. Several such techniques of core material saturation were analyzed. It provides critical knowledge for calculating the stability of the wellbore in conditions of incompatibility of fluids and rocks, modeling water breakthroughs and sand production, and also for calculating temporal effects. Further modeling made it possible to predict the change in open hole stability under different production scenarios. Finally, it was demonstrated that even with a significant water cut (up to 50%), it is possible to keep the wellbore open and to continue the well operation. The results obtained become critical for evaluating the performance of the field at a later stage of development, especially when there are risks of water breakthrough into the reservoir. The main paradigm in which the industry is currently operating is the idea that the appearance (breakthrough) of formation water leads to a decrease in the strength of the rocks, sand production and, finally, to the destruction of the wellbore. The results of presented study change this paradigm. Integrated geomechanical modeling and core studies applying different saturation techniques make it possible to analyze various mechanisms of water penetration into the reservoir, which is not necessarily associated with both subsequent sand production and wellbore destruction.
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Korelskiy, Evgeny, Yuriy Petrakov, Alexey Sobolev, Anton Ablaev, Danila Mylnikov, and Dmitriy Melnichuk. "Geomechanical Modelling Application to Support Reservoir Selection for Carbon Dioxide Utilization and Storage." In SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206561-ms.
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Abstract During recent years reduction of carbon dioxide emission driving development of different technologies for CO2 capturing and utilization. Carbon dioxide injection in underground reservoirs is on of effective methods for storage or utilization as enhanced oil recovery agent. Selection of the potential reservoir for CO2 injection is critically important for long term gas storage. In this paper demonstrated software solutions and workflows for modelling of geomechanical modelling of CO2 injection. Injection of CO2 into the reservoir entails a change in reservoir pressure and a change in reservoir temperature. In turn, the stress-strain state of the massif changes, which can lead to the destruction of the reservoir rock and host rocks, reactivation of faults, and, as a consequence, the loss of the integrity of the seal and uncontrolled interstratal crossflows. This paper will describe an example of choosing a reservoir for CO2 injection based on the study of the stress-strain state of the rock mass and its changes due to gas injection. Currently, there are various approaches to CO2 recovery into the reservoir, including injection into depleted gas reservoirs, aquifers and oil reservoirs for the purpose of enhanced oil recovery. For injection planning, it is extremely important to understand both the initial injection conditions and their changes over time. In the work on the published materials, the world experience of CO2 injection into the reservoir with the aim of its utilization was studied. Using the tools of combined geomechanical modeling of the reservoir, the modeling of the change in the stress-strain state of the massif during the injection process was carried out and the conditions under which the destruction of the reservoir cap and the reactivation of faults occur. The influence of uncertainty in elastic-strength parameters on the critical state of the rock mass and the potential of the permissible injection volume is shown. Comparison of injection potential into reservoirs with terrigenous and carbonate seals has been performed.
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Punanova, Svetlana. "POTENTIALLY TOXIC CHEMICAL ELEMENTS OF SHALE PLAYS – ECOLOGICAL THREAT TO THE ENVIRONMENT." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b1/v2/18.
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This research considered the content of trace elements (TE), including potentially toxic elements (PTE) in shale plays and deposits in various regions of the world. Their comparative analysis was carried out and the highest concentrations of PTE in the shales of some regions were revealed. The author notes that the destruction of organometallic compounds occurs during the development of shale hydrocarbon (HC) using horizontal drilling with hydraulic fracturing – injecting large volumes of chemicals while increasing the temperature. During such destruction processes, PTE can escape into the environment: into groundwater, soil layers, and other objects of economic use, and also deteriorate well equipment. In connection with the noted environmental hazards present during the development of shale HC, this paper proposes to monitor the content of TE in both shale rocks as well as in extracted shale oil in order to mitigate the risks of their release into the environment. In addition, developers and scientists should consider the losses of industrially significant volumes of valuable metals that occur due to the lack of cost-effective technologies for their capture and extraction from naphthides.
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Gelfgat, Mikhail Yakovlevich, and Aleksandr Sergeevich Geraskin. "Deep Geothermal Well Construction Problems and Possible Solutions." In SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206616-ms.
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Abstract The geothermal energy is one of the most promising sources of electricity on the planet; it is available almost anywhere on the continents and resources are inexhaustible. The realization of these possibilities requires solving the problems of deep wells (6-10 km) construction, when the lower horizons are practically impermeable crystalline basement rocks. For effective use of the Earth's heat, bottomhole temperatures must be within 200-300°C. World experience of such deep wells construction is very limited, some examples are given in this work. Known schemes of geothermal energy application requires at least two wells construction - for cold fluid injection and superheated fluid production. The rock - circulating fluid heat exchange in the bottomhole requires drilling of inclined, horizontal, or multi-lateral boreholes and hydraulic fracturing application. Such technologies are widely used in the oil and gas fields, but not in crystalline rocks. The article presents an analysis of the prospects for the geothermal wells construction efficiency increasing by using modern directional drilling systems, drilling with casing, technologies for complications eliminating. The possibilities of using alternative hard rock drilling methods by enhancing the standard formation destruction with drill bits are discussed. These are hydraulic hammers, high-pressure abrasive and fluid jets, laser drilling. A fundamentally new plasma drilling technology is considered. The most serious limitation of alternative drilling prospects is the need of additional "supply lines" to the bottom: high-pressure fluid; electricity; a plasma forming agent, etc. In this regard, options are being considered for the development of continuous drill strings such as coiled tubing, umbilical, flexible composite systems like subsea pipelines. Some of technological solutions for deep geothermal wells construction, and implementation of petrothermal energy schemes for potential projects are proposed. The paper provides an idea of the geothermal well construction technologies, which can ensure the implementation of advanced geo-energy schemes. The problems of geothermal engineering and possible solutions to overcome them, which will contribute to the development of geothermal energy, as the most effective option for decarbonization, are indicated.
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Zhang, Yifan, Zeyu Yan, Pradeepkumar Ashok, Dongmei Chen, and Eric van Oort. "Drilling Hard Abrasive Rock Formations with Differential Hydraulic Hammers: Dynamic Modeling of Drillstring Vibrations for ROP Optimization." In IADC/SPE International Drilling Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208670-ms.
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Abstract In deep oil, gas, and geothermal well construction, percussion drilling is sometimes used to improve rate of penetration (ROP) and promote drilling efficiency when breaking hard abrasive rocks (with a uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) > 25 kpsi). Down-the-hole (DTH) differential pressure hydraulic hammers can be used to convert the hydraulic energy of the drilling mud into the percussion energy necessary for rock destruction. The appeal of using DTH hammers for deep hard rock drilling is that this is a highly mature, low-cost, and proven technology. Lacking, however, is a good model to describe mud hammer operation, allowing mud hammer parameters to be tuned for ROP optimization in hard rock environments. In this study, bond graph models are used to investigate the hydraulic and mechanical dynamics of typical DTH hammer stroking cycles. The Colebrook-White equation is used to derive the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor for pressure loss caused by the turbulent flow between hammer chambers. The interactions between the hammer, the bit, and the formation are represented by three mass-spring mechanical systems with various degrees-of-freedoms (DOFs). Rock breaking is modeled using an anisotropic non-linear spring, which can represent the depth of the penetration of the hammer's indenters into the rock. This spring model also allows for seamless integration with the system model. Dynamic percussion drilling behavior is simulated for various rock stiffness values while varying hammer parameters, such as input hydraulic pressure and piston-bit mass ratio. The simulation results provide estimations of both ROP and system energy transfer efficiency (ETE) expected for given hard rock drilling scenarios. The developed model can be used to optimize mud hammer parameters, which in turn will benefit ROP optimization in hard rock environments encountered while drilling deep oil and gas or geothermal wells.
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Perelman, Oleg Mikhailovich, Aleksandr Sergeevich Fadeikin, Mikhail Yakovlevich Gelfgat, Aleksandr Sergeevich Geraskin, and Ziyadhan Abdusalamovich Emirov. "Prospects of Electric Drilling for the Development of Well Construction Technologies." In SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206463-ms.
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Abstract The purpose of this work is to analyze the prospects for efficiency increasing of high-tech wells construction using a drilling complex based on downhole permanent magnet motor. For the first time, the article provides information about new drilling complex. Considered technology could provide a breakthrough in drilling high-tech wells. This technology combines advantages of drill string with electric wire and an ideal downhole motor with a wide rotational speed range, regardless of the type and flow rate of circulating agent. The article provides a brief comparative analysis of electrodrilling implementation results "generation 70s", the composition of new electric drilling complex and its difference from the previous one are considered in details. Complex meets the requirements of high-tech wells construction and allows automating drilling process using ultra-high-speed bi-directional data transmission channel and quickly assessing the parameters of drilling regime and direction of drilling, characteristics of rocks, pressure and temperature distribution along the wellbore. Permanent magnet motor ensures optimum drilling parameters for rock destruction at the bottomhole, regardless of the well profile and the type of circulating agent, including managed pressured drilling. Effectiveness of accidents prevention and mitigation is increased. Authors propose to discuss the prospects of electrodrilling technology using downhole permanent magnet motor, which is currently at TRL-3 level, to assess and specify adopted concept of electrical drilling complex development.
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Gogolin, Vyacheslav. "Rock Destruction with Volumetric Compression." In 8th Russian-Chinese Symposium "Coal in the 21st Century: Mining, Processing, Safety". Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/coal-16.2016.16.
Full textReports on the topic "Rocks destruction"
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Tester, J. W., and C. Augustine. Transport Processes in Reacting Hydrothermal Flames with Applications to Military Waste Destruction in Supercritical Water and Geotechnical Rock Excavation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada510213.
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Grosjean, E., D. S. Edwards, C. J. Boreham, Z. Hong, J. Chen, N. Jinadasa, and T. Buckler. Rock-Eval pyrolsis dat from Waukarlycarly 1, Canning Basin, Australia: destructive analysis report 2020-003. Geoscience Australia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/record.2020.006.
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Grosjean, E., D. S. Edwards, C. J. Boreham, Z. Hong, J. Chen, N. Jinadasa, and T. Buckler. Rock-Eval pyrolysis data from wells of the Canning Basin, Australia: destructive analysis report 2020-004. Geoscience Australia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/record.2020.008.
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Butcher, G., E. Grosjean, A. J. Jarret, C. J. Boreham, N. Jindasa, T. Webster, Z. Hong, and C. J. Carson. Exploring for the Future - Rock-Eval pyrolysis data from NDI Carrara 1, South Nicholson region, Australia: Destructive Analysis Report. Geoscience Australia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/record.2021.026.
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