Academic literature on the topic 'Rocks – Analysis – Maine'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Rocks – Analysis – Maine.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Rocks – Analysis – Maine"
1
WEST, DAVID P., RAYMOND A. COISH, and PAUL B. TOMASCAK. "Tectonic setting and regional correlation of Ordovician metavolcanic rocks of the Casco Bay Group, Maine: evidence from trace element and isotope geochemistry." Geological Magazine 141, no. 2 (March 2004): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756803008562.
Full textAbstract:
Ordovician metamorphic rocks of the Casco Bay Group are exposed in an approximately 170 km long NE-trending belt (Liberty-Orrington belt) in southern and south-central Maine. Geochemical analysis of rocks within the Spring Point Formation (469±3 Ma) of the Casco Bay Group indicate that it is an assemblage of metamorphosed bimodal volcanic rocks. The mafic rocks (originally basalts) have trace element and Nd isotopic characteristics consistent with derivation from a mantle source enriched by a crustal and/or subduction component. The felsic rocks (originally rhyolites and dacites) were likely generated through partial melting of continental crust in response to intrusion of the mafic magma. Relatively low initial εNd values for both the mafic (−1.3 to +0.6) and felsic (−4.1 to −3.8) rocks suggest interactions with Gander zone continental crust and support a correlation between the Casco Bay Group and the Bathurst Supergroup in the Miramichi belt of New Brunswick. This correlation suggests that elements of the Early to Middle Ordovician Tetagouche-Exploits back-arc basin can be traced well into southern Maine. A possible tectonic model for the evolution of the Casco Bay Group involves the initiation of arc volcanism in Early Ordovician time along the Gander continental margin on the eastern side of the Iapetus Ocean basin. Slab rollback and trenchward migration of arc magmatism initiated crustal thinning and rifting of the volcanic arc around 470 Ma and resulted in the eruption of the Spring Point volcanic rocks in a back-arc tectonic setting.
2
Slack, John F., Frederick M. Beck, Dwight C. Bradley, Myles M. Felch, Robert G. Marvinney, and Amber T. H. Whittaker. "Potential for critical mineral deposits in Maine, USA." Atlantic Geoscience 58 (June 28, 2022): 155–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4138/atlgeo.2022.007.
Full textAbstract:
An analysis of the potential for deposits of critical minerals and elements in Maine presented here includes data and discussions for antimony, beryllium, cesium, chromium, cobalt, graphite, lithium, manganese, niobium, platinum group elements, rhenium, rare earth elements, tin, tantalum, tellurium, titanium, uranium, vanadium, tungsten, and zirconium. Deposits are divided into two groups based on geological settings and common ore-deposit terminology. One group consists of known deposits (sediment-hosted manganese, volcanogenic massive sulphide, porphyry copper-molybdenum, mafic- and ultramafic-hosted nickel-copper [-cobalt-platinum group elements], pegmatitic lithium-cesium-tantalum) that are in most cases relatively large, well-documented, and have been explored extensively in the past. The second, and much larger group of different minerals and elements, comprises small deposits, prospects, and occurrences that are minimally explored or unexplored. The qualitative assessment used in this study relies on three key criteria: (1) the presence of known deposits, prospects, or mineral occurrences; (2) favourable geologic settings for having certain deposit types based on current ore deposit models; and (3) geochemical anomalies in rocks or stream sediments, including panned concentrates. Among 20 different deposit types considered herein, a high resource potential is assigned only to three: (1) sediment-hosted manganese, (2) mafic- and ultramafic-hosted nickel-copper(-cobalt-platinum group elements), and (3) pegmatitic lithium-cesium-tantalum. Moderate potential is assigned to 11 other deposit types, including: (1) porphyry copper-molybdenum (-rhenium, selenium, tellurium, bismuth, platinum group elements); (2) chromium in ophiolites; (3) platinum group elements in ophiolitic ultramafic rocks; (4) granite-hosted uranium-thorium; (5) tin in granitic plutons and veins; (6) niobium, tantalum, and rare earth elements in alkaline intrusions; (7) tungsten and bismuth in polymetallic veins; (8) vanadium in black shales; (9) antimony in orogenic veins and replacements; (10) tellurium in epithermal deposits; and (11) uranium in peat.
3
Hepburn, J. Christopher, Yvette D. Kuiper, Kristin J. McClary, MaryEllen L. Loan, Michael Tubrett, and Robert Buchwaldt. "Detrital zircon ages and the origins of the Nashoba terrane and Merrimack belt in southeastern New England, USA." Atlantic Geology 57 (November 30, 2021): 343–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4138/atlgeol.2021.016.
Full textAbstract:
The fault-bounded Nashoba–Putnam terrane, a metamorphosed early Paleozoic, Ganderian arc/back-arc complex in SE New England, lies between rocks of Avalonian affinity to the southeast and middle Paleozoic sedimentary rocks, interpreted as cover on Ganderian basement, in the Merrimack belt to the northwest. U–Pb detrital zircon laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis were conduced on six samples from the Nashoba terrane in Massachusetts and seven samples associated with the Merrimack belt in Massachusetts and SE New Hampshire to investigate their depositional ages and provenance. Samples from the Nashoba terrane yielded major age populations between ~560 and ~540 Ma, consistent with input from local sources formed during the Ediacaran–Cambrian Penobscot orogenic cycle and its basement rocks. Youngest detrital zircons in the terrane, however, are as young as the Early to Middle Ordovician. Six formations from the Merrimack belt were deposited between ~435 and 420 Ma based on youngest zircon age populations and crosscutting plutons, and yielded large ~470–443 Ma age populations. Three of these formations show only Gondwanan provenance. Three others have a mixed Gondwanan-Laurentian signal, which is known to be typical for younger and/or more westerly sedimentary rocks and may indicate that they are the youngest deposits in the Merrimack belt (late Silurian to early Devonian) and/or have been deposited in the equivalent of the more westerly Central Maine basin. Detrital zircon age populations from the Tower Hill Formation, along the faulted contact between the Merrimack belt and Nashoba terrane, are different from either of these tectonic domains and may indicate that the boundary is complex.
4
West, David P., Dwight Bradley, and Raymond Coish. "The Litchfield Pluton in South-Central Maine: Carboniferous Alkalic Magmatism in northern New England, USA." Atlantic Geology 52 (June 30, 2016): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.4138/atlgeol.2016.008.
Full textAbstract:
The Litchfield pluton is a poorly exposed 7 km2 composite alkalic intrusive complex that cuts previously deformed and metamorphosed Silurian turbidites in south-central Maine. The pluton includes a variety of alkaline syenites, including the type locality of “litchfieldite”, a coarse-grained cancrinite, sodalite, and lepidomelane bearing nepheline syenite first recognized over 150 years ago and common in many petrologic collections. A new U-Pb zircon age of 321 ± 2 Ma from the nepheline syenite is interpreted to represent the crystallization age of the plutonic complex. A new biotite 40Ar/39Ar age of 239 ± 1 Ma from the syenite is similar to previously published mica ages from the surrounding country rocks and dates the time of regional cooling in the area below ~ 300°C. Whole rock geochemical analyses from rocks of the Litchfield pluton are compatible with strongly alkaline A-type granitoid rocks that formed in a within plate or continental rift tectonic setting. The age and geochemical characteristics of the alkalic igneous rocks near Litchfield are consistent with a model that invokes the generation of a small volume of alkalic magma beneath south-central Maine during a period of Carboniferous transcurrent tectonism in the northern Appalachian orogen.
5
Ludman, Allan, Christopher McFarlane, and Amber T. H. Whittaker. "Age, chemistry, and tectonic setting of Miramichi terrane (Early Paleozoic) volcanic rocks, eastern and east-central Maine, USA." Atlantic Geology 57 (November 11, 2021): 239–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4138/atlgeol.2021.012.
Full textAbstract:
Volcanic rocks in the Miramichi inlier in Maine occur in two areas separated by the Bottle Lake plutonic complex: the Danforth segment (Stetson Mountain Formation) north of the complex and Greenfield segment to the south (Olamon Stream Formation). Both suites are dominantly pyroclastic, with abundant andesite, dacite, and rhyolite tuffs and subordinate lavas, breccias, and agglomerates. Rare basaltic tuffs and a small area of basaltic tuffs, agglomerates, and lavas are restricted to the Greenfield segment. U–Pb zircon geochronology dates Greenfield segment volcanism at ca. 469 Ma, the Floian–Dapingian boundary between the Lower and Middle Ordovician. Chemical analyses reveal a calc-alkaline suite erupted in a continental volcanic arc, either the Meductic or earliest Balmoral phase of Popelogan arc activity. The Maine Miramichi volcanic rocks are most likely correlative with the Meductic Group volcanic suite in west-central New Brunswick. Orogen-parallel lithologic and chemical variations from New Brunswick to east-central Maine may result from eruptions at different volcanic centers. The bimodal Poplar Mountain volcanic suite at the Maine–New Brunswick border is 10–20 myr younger than the Miramichi volcanic rocks and more likely an early phase of back-arc basin rifting than a late-stage Meductic phase event. Coeval calc-alkaline arc volcanism in the Miramichi, Weeksboro–Lunksoos Lake, and Munsungun Cambrian–Ordovician inliers in Maine is not consistent with tectonic models involving northwestward migration of arc volcanism. This >150 km span cannot be explained by a single east-facing subduction zone, suggesting more than one subduction zone/arc complex in the region.
6
Shakir, Madeha. "ROCK JOINTS ANALYSIS TO DETERMINE THE MAIN STRESS FIELD IN BUSTANAH STRUCTURE NORTHEAST OF IRAQ." Iraqi Geological Journal 53, no. 2C (September 30, 2020): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.53.2c.5rs-2020-09-05.
Full textAbstract:
Joints are among the most widespread geologic structures as they are found in most each exposure of rock. They differ greatly in appearance, dimensions, and arrangement, besides they occur in quite different tectonic environments. This study is important because joints provide evidence on what kind of stress produced them (history of deformation) and also because they change the characteristics of the rocks in which they occur. The Measured data of joints from the studied area which are located in the high folded zone – Northeast of Iraq, were classified according to their relationship with the tectonic axes by projecting them stereographically using Schmidt net in GEOrient ver.9.5.0 software. The joint systems revealed the orientation of the major stress field that caused the area deformation. Two dominant joint systems were found in most stations of the studied area, which are hko>a (first place) and hko>b (second place). The main stress field direction from the joint’s classification is North East – South West which coincides with the opening of the red sea and the collision between Arabian and Iranian tectonic plates. The North West direction (which comes in the second place) it might be due to the rotational movement (counterclockwise) of the Arabian plate in addition to the effect of local stress in the area.
7
Adey, Walter H., Thew S. Suskiewicz, and Douglas B. Rasher. "Marine Ecosystem Analysis of Gouldsboro and Dyer Bays, Maine." Smithsonian Contributions to Marine Sciences, no. 43 (March 6, 2020): vii—192. http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.11950329.v1.
Full textAbstract:
In the early 1980s, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) initiated an ecosystem analysis of Gouldsboro Bay in eastern Maine as part of a planned marine sanctuary. The original report to NOAA by Walter H. Adey was not published after the sanctuary concept for Maine was abandoned. Because significant human-related climatic and ecosystem changes are underway in the Gulf of Maine, that report provides valuable baseline data and is included as the Appendix to this volume. After qualitatively describing the geological, physical, chemical, and biogeographical features of Gouldsboro Bay and adjacent Dyer Bay, we quantitatively describe the principal bay ecological communities with data collected during the 1981–1983 ecosystem assessment as well as additional measurements taken within the past decade. We then undertake a comparison of the primary productivity of these bays with the Google Earth Pro polygon tool to determine component areas. Benthic taxa are the dominant primary producers in both bays: rockweeds (primarily Ascophyllum nodosum, with Fucus vesiculosus secondary) in the intertidal; Irish moss (Chondrus crispus, with Fucus distichus secondary) as a near monoculture in the lowest intertidal (infralittoral); kelps (primarily Saccharina latissima, Laminaria digitata, and Agarum clathratum) in the rocky subtidal; and the angiosperm Zostera marina (seagrass) in soft bottom substrate. The rocky intertidal, dominated by Ascophyllum with a specific productivity of 10.6 kg/m2/year, provides nearly one-third of all bay productivity. Because of the proportionally greater shore length relative to area of Dyer Bay, it has 45% greater productivity for its surface area than Gouldsboro Bay. Kelp has a specific productivity value of 7.2 kg/m2/year, and Zostera of 1.2 kg/m2/year. The kelps provide approximately 20% of Gouldsboro Bay’s primary productivity and 35% of that of Dyer Bay. Zostera provides roughly 20% of total primary productivity in Gouldsboro Bay and 12% in Dyer Bay. With a primary productivity of 1.73 kg/m2/year, salt marshes provide only 3.7% (Gouldsboro) and 2.6% (Dyer) of total primary productivity. With a primary productivity of 0.06 kg/m2/year, plankton account for 23.8% of Gouldsboro Bay and 16% of Dyer Bay primary productivity.
8
Viter, Nadia. "ANALYSIS OF THE QUALITY OF WATERS OF THE SOUTHERN BUG." Agriculture and Forestry, no. 3 (September 28, 2021): 196–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2021-3-16.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents the results of scientific investigation of the quality of waters of the Southern Bug. The control of the quality of waters of the Southern Bug on the territory of Vinnitsa isheld byaccredited laboratories of different organizations.The resultsof laboratory tests of the quality of the waters of the Southern Bug during the past year, as in previous years, showed the imbalance of the quality of waters in microbiological parameters. In particular, the data of the control for the month of July 2016 in monitoring points of the Southern Bug are: index of lactopositivecolibacilli is 35000 in dm. cube,colibacilli - 3600 in dm. cube, enterococcus less than 300 dm. cube,coliphage, salmonella and shigellaare absent. To address this issue, we can offer two ways to improve the water supply of quality water to the residents of Vinnytsia. The first is the construction of a gallery horizontal water intake in the Southern Bug River. Water intakes should be equipped with galleries in the cracks of crystalline rocks and fill them with filter material, which will ensure the inflow of clean water from the main aquifer of crystalline rocks and further feed the riverbed during peak water intake and reduce water pollution. Residential buildings with two water mains, where one pipe will supply technical water (which will be of low quality), and the other will supply water extracted from underground sources, which will be of high quality. Underground freshwater deposits in Vinnytsia region are Vinnytsia, Desniansky, Stryzhavsky and Voronovytsky). Ways to improve water quality, such as additional water treatment and water supply by the city's two water mains, can be cost-effective. This will reduce the cost of technical water and reduce the use of quality drinking water by the population for technical needs. In general, it will benefit both the state and the population.
9
Santoso, Synthia. "The Suicide of Jackson Maine in A Star Is Born." K@ta Kita 7, no. 3 (December 16, 2019): 391–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/katakita.7.3.391-402.
Full textAbstract:
In the thesis, I am interested to see the reasons for Jackson Maine, a famous and successful rock star to end his life based on the film A Star Is Born. To do that, I use Thomas Joiner’s Interpersonal Theory of Suicide. Joiner’s theory discusses the qualities and conditions in his life that may cause him to commit suicide. To see the reasons for Jackson Maine’s death as portrayed in the film, I also use David Brodwell and Kristin Thompson’s Mise-en-Scène theory. Using the approach, I can find the reasons behind his death by analyzing the film’s visual arrangement within the scenes. In my research, I find that Jackson Maine experiences great difficulties and disappointment that he fails to cope and encourages him to end his life. Social disconnections, burdensomeness beliefs, and suicide capabilities become the reasons behind his self-destruction decision. Keywords: Suicide, Mise-en-Scène, Film Analysis, Social Disconnections, Self-destruction.
10
Holdaway, M. J. "Optimization of some key geothermobarometers for pelitic metamorphic rocks." Mineralogical Magazine 68, no. 1 (February 2004): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0026461046810167.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractI will consider mainly geothermobarometry in medium-grade pelitic rocks, including the garnet-biotite (GB) geothermometer, the Grossular-Al silicate-plagioclase (GASP) geobarometer, and the muscovite-almandine-biotite-sillimanite (MABS) geobarometer. For GB (Holdaway, 2000) experimental data and estimated biotite ΔWTi were used to optimize two exchange parameters and four biotite Margules parameters. Using stepwise linear regression, experimental vs. calculated T were constrained to lie on a line with slope of one and intercept of zero, maximizing r2. The best model involves experiments by Ferry and Spear (1978) and Perchuk and Lavrent’eva (1983), suggesting minimal viAl in the Ferry and Spear product biotite. For GASP (Holdaway, 2001), end-member experimental data do not adequately constrain the equilibrium. I used the GB model above, and allowed the end-member curve to rotate about the best-constrained part of the GASP end-member data. The end-member curve was further constrained with the kyanite-sillimanite (K-S) boundary using published chemical data on 76 pelitic schist samples from 11 localities, rejecting Low-Grs and low-An samples. The Fuhrman and Lindsley (1988) plagioclase model gives the best results. For MABS, work in progress involves 61 samples from the 11 localities which have muscovite analyses. Biotite Margules parameters were based on the GB model and McMullin et al. (1991). The MABS end-member curve was calibrated by comparison of P values determined using trial MABS data and GASP results. The P values for the 61 samples agree well with the K-S boundary, and sillimanite-bearing rocks of west-central Maine all fall in the sillimanite field. Preliminary biotite values are: GAnn = –5149198 – 412.05 T, WAlFe = –14023 + 28.14 T, WAlMg = –259582 + 308.44 T, WTiFe = 124842 – 98.67 T, WTiMg = –186148 + 271.72 T. For geobarometry, the Berman (1988, revised 1992) database was used with adjustable H and S of grossular for GASP and H and S of annite for MABS. The accuracy of currently available databases, activity models and mole fraction models is not adequate for good geothermobarometry, without further refinement. Adjustable parameters tend to compensate for error in activity models, mole fraction models and databases.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rocks – Analysis – Maine"
1
Kong, Fanchen. "Continental margin deformation analysis and reconstruction : evolution of the East China Sea basin and adjacent plate interaction /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
Full text
2
Renner, Steven C. "An Analysis of Harbor Seal (Phoca Vitulina) and Gray Seal (Halichoerus Grypus) Haul-out Patterns, Behavior Budgets, and Aggressive Interactions on Mount Desert Rock, Maine." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2005. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/RennerSC2005.pdf.
Full text
3
Waltz, Grant Tyler. "An Analysis of Human Disturbance to Rocky Intertidal Communities of San Luis Obispo County." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2012. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/896.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT
An Analysis Of Human Disturbance To Rocky Intertidal Communities Of San Luis Obispo County
Grant Tyler Waltz
The number of coastal areas open to public access in California and San Luis Obispo County is increasing due to the acquisition by California State Parks of land previously owned by private entities. For example, California State Parks acquired property from the Hearst Corporation in 2005, which included 18 miles of coastline. California State Parks is responsible for providing public access in these newly acquired areas and also for maintaining the health of the natural systems found on these properties. Part of the California State Parks’ strategic vision maintains that they seek to consider the impacts of every decision they make on the next seven generations of Californians. To balance the competing demand of providing access with long-term sustainability, State Parks managers require sound scientific data to evaluate the impacts of human access to the ecosystems they manage.
One ecosystem susceptible to human access in these new State Park areas and in other areas throughout the state is the rocky intertidal (e.g. Beauchamp and Gowing 1982, Ghazanshahi et al. 1983, Hockey and Bosman 1986, Povey and Keough 1991, Addessi 1994, Fletcher and Frid 1996, Brown and Taylor 1999, Murray et al. 1999, Van De Werfhorst and Pearse 2007). This thesis represents a collaborative effort between State Parks Managers scientists at California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo, and scientists at Tenera Environmental Inc. to provide sound scientific data on the impacts of visitors to rocky intertidal biological communities in San Luis Obispo County. A three-pronged approach was used to assess the effect of visitors to rocky intertidal communities: 1) an observational study to quantify visitor densities in publicly accessible rocky intertidal communities, 2) an experimental manipulation of visitor density to rocky intertidal communities based on the visitor densities observed in part 1 and used to identify organisms susceptible to foot traffic (access-indicator taxa), and 3) an observational study of publicly accessible rocky intertidal sites exposed to levels of foot traffic shown to cause declines in access-indicator taxa from part 2. I was involved with all three portions of the study and my thesis is focused on presenting and discussing parts 1 and 3 in detail.
Visitor counts and the observational access-indicator taxa study (parts 1 and 3) were conducted in Montaña de Oro State Park (MDO) in San Luis Obispo County from 2007-2009. There was abundant accessible rocky intertidal coastline in the park. Three popular rocky intertidal sites were chosen within the park to conduct visitor counts. Visitors were quantified from fixed locations on the bluff above each of the three observation sites on sixteen occasions during the course of three years. These counts were used to estimate the annual number of visitors to each site. The area of each intertidal observation site was also calculated and with the annual number of visitors, was used to calculate the annual density of visitors to the rocky intertidal at each site. This represents a novel approach to quantifying visitor numbers to rocky intertidal communities. Additionally, I examined whether there was a relationship between the number of cars entering the park and the density of rocky intertidal visitors or between the number of cars parked at each site and the density of rocky intertidal visitors.
The annual density of visitors at one of the observation sites in MDO, Hazard Reef, was shown to be approximately equal to the moderate treatment level from the experimental study (part 2). This moderate level of visitor density was shown to significantly reduce the abundance of five rocky intertidal taxa: rockweed (Silvetia compressa, Hesperophycus californicus, and Fucus gardneri), Endocladia muricata, Mastocarpus papillatus, limpets, and chitons. To assess whether long-term exposure to foot traffic could impact the abundance of access-indicator taxa in MDO, the abundance of these taxa was sampled at Hazard Reef and compared to the abundance of the same taxa at two adjacent sites with much lower annual densities of visitors. A stratified random sampling design was used to assess the abundance of the five access-indicator taxa found in the mid-intertidal zone at these three sites in the spring of 2009.
My work demonstrated that visitor densities and patterns of use were variable among the three accessed intertidal sites in MDO. Annual visitor numbers to the rocky intertidal for the three observation sites within MDO were between 3,000-5,000 people. There was no relationship between the number of cars entering the park and the annual density of visitors to the rocky intertidal. The number of parked cars was significantly related to visitor density at one study site suggesting that under specific circumstances, controlling parking lot size may be a viable approach to managing impacts to intertidal areas. Significant differences in limpet density (60 per m2) were detected in a moderately accessed intertidal site relative to adjacent and less visited sites. The abundance of combined algae and limpets were lower at the moderate use site when the lower use sites were compared together against it. Patterns of rocky intertidal habitat use and the estimated annual visitor density suggest that some areas in San Luis Obispo County may be exposed to damaging levels of visitors. The current study identified that the abundance of one out of five experimentally identified access-indicator taxa (Rockweed, Mastocarpus papillatus, Endocladia muricata, Limpets, and Chitons) had been significantly reduced at a popular rocky intertidal site, relative to adjacent and less visited sites.
4
Fernandez, John. "Analysis of increases in fishing power in the western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus) fishery." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1999. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1227.
Full textAbstract:
The western rock lobster, Panulirus cygnus, fishery represents a significant commercial asset to Western Australia, and it is therefore important that appropriate strategies are developed to effectively manage it. Because the fishery has a very high level of exploitation, researchers and managers rely significantly on annual stock assessments which are based on catch and effort data. This study will identify and assess the effects that changes in fishing power factors (e.g. advances in fish-finding technology) have had on estimates of catch and effort. The fishing power increases can be used to adjust nominal fishing effort to produce a time series of standardised effort which can then be used to reassess stock abundance measures, particularly of the breeding stock. The study will utilise the theory and techniques of regression and generalised linear modelling. A comparison of the normal and gamma distributions as the specified probability distribution in the model will be made .
5
AZZILEY, AZZIBROUCK GEORGES. "Sedimentologie et geochimie du francevillien b (proterozoique inferieur). Metallogenie des gisements de manganese de moanda, gabon." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13041.
Full text
6
David, Daniel. "Geomorfologická analýza a vývoj reliéfu centrální části Troskovické vrchoviny." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-297833.
Full textAbstract:
David, D. (2010): Geomorphological analysis and development relief of central part in Troskovická vrchovina (Highland) (Bohemian Paradise). Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Sience, Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology. The central part of Troskovická vrchovina Highland lies between towns Turnov and Jičín in Jičínská pahorkatina (Hilly land) in Geopark Bohemian Paradise. It is a rugged rocky area mostly built of sedimetary rocks (Cretaceous quartz sandstones). The relief is cut by canyons and in the center of plateau is vulcanic neck Trosky. This book contains results of detailed geomorphological mapping and analysing of the area. The major product of this study is detailed geomorphological map 1:10 000. Key words: Bohemian Paradise, detailed geomorphological mapping, geomorphological analysis, Střeleč pit (main), sandstone relief, vulcanic rocks and Trosky neck.
Books on the topic "Rocks – Analysis – Maine"
1
Valentine, Page C. The Gulf of Maine rutile province--accumulation of fine-grained, authigenic titanium oxide from sandstone and shale source rocks. [Denver, Colo.?]: Dept. of Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1989.
Find full text
2
I, Lerche, ed. Sedimentary processes: Quantification using radionuclides. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2003.
Find full text
3
1945-, Moore J. Casey, ed. Structural fabric in Deep Sea Drilling Project cores from forearcs. Boulder, Colo: Geological Society of America, 1986.
Find full text
4
A, Commeau Judith, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. The Gulf of Maine rutile province--accumulation of fine-grained, authigenic titanium oxide from sandstone and shale source rocks. [Denver, Colo.?]: Dept. of Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1989.
Find full text
5
Lerche, I., and Carroll J. Sedimentary Processes: Quantification Using Radionuclides. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2003.
Find full text
6
Trobia, Alberto, and Fabio M. Lo Verde. Italian Amateur Pop-Rock Musicians on Facebook. Edited by Roger Mantie and Gareth Dylan Smith. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190244705.013.8.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter investigates how and why amateur musicians use social networking sites, employing a mixed-methods approach. Attention is focused on four big Italian Facebook communities of pop-rock musicians: drums, bass, guitar, and keyboard players (overall, 2,101 active users), analyzing the relational and textual data extracted from the web. The chapter analyzes the network structures emerging from the interactions among the users. It also identifies and maps the main areas of discussion (sound shaping, studio recording, marketplace, musical references, computer production, and relations) and the latent semantic dimension characterizing Facebook users’ activities, through social network analysis and lexical correspondence analysis. Meanings, values, aesthetics, and representations of amateur music making, emerging from the data, are framed within two orthogonal dimensions: theory versus praxis, and competence versus music production. The Italian singularity is then explained with respect to this space. Some theoretical conclusions are finally drawn.
7
N, Ginsburg Robert, Warzeski Edward Robert, and Melim Leslie A, eds. Subsurface geology of a prograding carbonate platform margin, Great Bahama Bank: Results of the Bahamas Drilling Project. Tulsa, Okla: SEPM, 2001.
Find full text
8
Skupio, Rafał. Zastosowanie nieinwazyjnych pomiarów rdzeni wiertniczych do zwiększenia informacji na temat parametrów skał zbiornikowych. Instytut Nafty i Gazu - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18668/pn2022.237.
Full textAbstract:
The research carried out in the monograph aimed to create a measurement and interpretation system which is to obtain reliable results of well logging with the accuracy of laboratory measurements. Continuous core measurements allow for the generation of logging results without the impact of the borehole and facilitate the depth matching of the core to well log data. Four main chapters can be distinguished in this work: research methodology with a description of the devices used; partial results of core measurements made on various types of rocks; a proposal for a research system, and comprehensive data interpretation for selected boreholes. The methodological part concerned the description of the equipment for continuous measurements of cores in the field of natural gamma radioactivity (K, U, Th) with the application for bulk density measurements using the gamma-gamma method, X-ray fl uorescence spectrometers (XRF) for measuring the chemical composition of rocks and computed tomography (CT) for imaging of the core structure as well as determination of radiological density in Hounsfi eld units (HU). Rock studies were carried out on material representing formations of diff erent lithologies, such as shales, sandstones, limestones, dolomites, anhydrite, siltstones and heterolithic sandstone-siltstone-claystone complexes. The results of measurements made using individual methods have been described in detail and compared with the results of laboratory measurements and well logging data. Test measurements with data processing and interpretation were made on the cores from five boreholes (T-1, O-4, Pt-1, L-7, P-5H), whereas a comprehensive interpretation of the results was carried out for three other boreholes (J-1, P-4, T-2). The new methodology of spectral gamma measurements made it possible to obtain precise concentrations of potassium, uranium and thorium in rocks with high and low radioactivity. The results made it possible to standardise the archival gamma-ray logs made with the Russian-type probes from imp/min to API standard units and to obtain data on the content of K, U, and Th in the core intervals. Using the Cs-137 source in the device for the gamma equipment made it possible to carry out measurements of the bulk density in g/cm3 units. The lithological interpretation based on XRF measurements and mineralogical-chemical models allowed to obtain logs with increased resolution and a more signifi cant number of minerals than was the case with the interpretation of the well logging. In addition, it has been shown that the XRF measurement methodology can be used during the geosteering procedure. The results of the core tests using the CT computed tomography method were presented in combined images and continuous curves of density in HU units. The experience and the presentation of the full scope of measurement and interpretation workflow allowed to propose a procedure for conducting a full range of analyses, considering various types of material provided for research. The procedure considers the full range of analyses as well as the measurements of selected parameters depending on the client’s needs. Keywords: petrophysics, core analyses, XRF spectrometry, computed tomography, gamma profiling, lithological interpretation
9
Stebbins, Robert. Leisure Music Production. Edited by Roger Mantie and Gareth Dylan Smith. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190244705.013.1.
Full textAbstract:
Making music is largely a serious leisure activity, and as with all serious leisure it takes place in a set of physical spaces, each with its own special meaning for the participant. That meaning has roots in the core activities conducted there. Stebbins has identified and explored seven types of spaces for serious leisure, six of which pertain to making serious music. They are conquered space, showcase space, resource space, sales space, helping space, virtual space, and tourist space. Each is discussed in detail sufficient to show how it can help explain the lifestyle of the modern amateur and professional musician. The main types of today’s musician are included in this analysis: jazz, rock, folk, and classical. Furthermore, the analysis proceeds from the core activities comprising the musical life, as these unfold in the different places where that life occurs.
10
Rapport, Evan. Damaged. University Press of Mississippi, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496831217.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
From the late 1960s to the early 1980s, American punk developed as a distinct musical style that reflected the tremendous upheaval in American society during this period. Raw and direct, punk presented an unvarnished view of changing ideas of race, the growth of American suburbia, and the heightened stakes of musical expressions of whiteness and Blackness. Damaged: Musicality and Race in Early American Punk traces the main factors at play in the punk style, including transformations to blues resources, experimental visions of the American musical past, and bold reworkings of the rock and roll and R&B sounds of the late 1950s and early 1960s—all in all, a historically oriented approach to rock that is strikingly different from the common myths and conceptions about punk. Eventually punk became a forum for new versions of older exchanges between the US and the UK, and the style reflected even more changes to American metropolitan areas and a shift from the expressions of older baby boomers to that of younger musicians belonging to Generation X. The book also explores the discourses and contradictory narratives of punk history, which are often in direct conflict with the world that is captured in historical documents and revealed through musical analysis.
Book chapters on the topic "Rocks – Analysis – Maine"
1
Pineau, J. P., and H. Le Sourne. "Rapid assessment of ship bottom sliding on paraboloid shaped rock." In Developments in the Analysis and Design of Marine Structures, 254–61. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003230373-30.
Full text
2
Pikelj, Kristina, and Nina Furčić. "Impact of cliff erosion on marine sediment composition - indication of local coastline evolution (Vrgada Island, Croatia)." In Proceedings e report, 462–68. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-147-1.46.
Full textAbstract:
Erosive coastal cliffs formed in soft-rocks sediments along the generally carbonaceous Eastern Adriatic are a rare feature. The one from the Vrgada Island gave rise to the idea that local seabed surface sediment may reflect the composition of the cliff sediment. First results of sedimentological analyses showed that sediment samples collected on both sides of the cliff contain material eroded mostly from the eastern side of the cliff. Subsequent longshore drift caused by dominant waves likely sort fallen material, transporting its finer fractions to the northern side and further into the sea.
3
Abeed, Qusay. "Petroleum System Analysis of the Main Paleozoic Source Rocks in Western Iraq: A 1D Basin Modelling Approach." In Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation, 243–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16396-8_12.
Full text
4
Zhang, G. Y., Y. X. Xiao, J. H. Zhang, and J. Y. Luo. "Study on Optimization of Row Spacing Between Steel Arches in Deep Buried Fault Cave Sections." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 412–29. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1260-3_38.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractAs a widely used support form in tunnel support, the support effect of steel arch is influenced by the row distance between steel arches. In F8 fault fracture zone of the North Main Canal of Letan Reservoir in Guangxi, the support system of “steel arch + shotcrete” in this faulted cavern section was equalized with elastic modulus and yield stress by using theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, and the characteristic curves of rock support of deeply buried circular cavern under modified axisymmetric loading were obtained. The sensitivity analysis and optimization study of the spacing between steel arches were conducted by using FLAC3D. The results show that with the increase of steel arch spacing, the cavity wall displacement increases, the support reaction force decreases nonlinearly, and the radial displacement and plastic zone around the cavity continue to increase. When the distance between steel arches >600 mm, the deformation of cavern perimeter changes abruptly and the plastic zone increases significantly. Based on comprehensive analysis, the optimization suggestions of steel arch are proposed.
5
Wang, Chi-Yuen, and Michael Manga. "Hydrologic Precursors." In Lecture Notes in Earth System Sciences, 343–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64308-9_13.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractPredicting earthquakes is a long-desired goal. The main challenge is to identify precursory signals that reliably predict the impending earthquake. Since hydrological and hydrogeochemical properties and processes can be very sensitive to minute strains, the hope is that measurements from hydrological systems might record precursory rock deformation that would otherwise be undetectable. Of the many hundreds of studies, we review a subset to illustrate how signals can be challenging to interpret and highlight questions raised by observations—examples come from China, Japan, Taiwan, India, the USA, Russia, France, Italy and Iceland. All are retrospective studies. Some signals seem to have no other explanation than being precursory, however, rarely is enough data available to undertake a thorough analysis. Some hydrological precursors might be recording deformation events that are slower than traditional earthquakes (and hence usually harder to detect). Long times series of data are critical for both identifying putative precursors and assessing their origin and reliability.
6
MASUTTI, LEONARDO, STEVENSON HALL, and JÁDISON DE OLIVEIRA. "PEREGRINO ROCK TYPES: AN ALTERNATIVE FOR PETROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS DISTRIBUTION." In Resumos do I Encontro Brasileiro de Petrofísica de Campos Maduros. Editora Realize, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46943/i.ebpcm.2022.01.011.
Full textAbstract:
THE CREATION OF ROCK TYPES IS A PROCESS THAT MAKES IT POSSIBLE TO RELATE GEOLOGICAL FACIES AND PETROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES IN OIL RESERVOIRS. ROCK TYPES MUST ALSO CORRESPOND TO THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF ROCKS, CONTROLLED BY TEXTURAL FEATURES SUCH AS POROSITY TYPE AND PORE SPACE DISTRIBUTION (PORE THROAT). ROCK TYPES INTERPRETED FROM ELECTRICAL LOG RESPONSES ARE COMMONLY KNOWN AS ELECTRO-FACIES. FOR RESERVOIR MODELING, THE ROCK TYPES ARE DISTRIBUTED THROUGHOUT THE MODEL, GUIDING THE DISTRIBUTION OF PETROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE ROCKS PRESENT IN THE RESERVOIR. FLOW UNITS CAN BE CONSIDERED AS THE CONNECTION OF SIMILAR ROCK TYPES IN THE RESERVOIR. IN THE PEREGRINO FIELD, PETROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS SUCH AS PERMEABILITY, SATURATION AND RELATIVE PERMEABILITY ARE DISTRIBUTED BY THREE MAIN ELECTRO-FACIES. THESE THREE ELECTRO-FACIES ARE DEFINED BASICALLY BY SHALE VOLUME CUT-OFF AND TOTAL POROSITY AMOUNT. HOWEVER, DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THIS FIELD IT HAS BEEN POSSIBLE TO OBSERVE SOME VARIABILITY IN PRODUCTION(?) INSIDE OF THESE ELECTRO-FACIES, WHICH NEEDS TO BE ACCOUNTED FOR IN THE MODEL REPRESENTATIONS. THESE SUB-ELECTRO-FACIES OBSERVED HAVE DIFFERENT PETROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES BUT SIMILAR ELECTRICAL RESPONSE AS THE MAIN ELECTRO-FACIES INITIALLY INTERPRETED. THIS WORK PRESENTS THE ROCK TYPING METHODOLOGY IN ORDER TO SOLVE THIS ISSUE, BY CLASSIFYING THE PEREGRINO RESERVOIR ROCKS INTO FLOW UNITS. MORE THAN 400 CORE SAMPLES WITH POROSITY AND PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENTS HAD BEEN USED FOR DEFINING THE FLOW UNITS. SPECIAL CORE ANALYSES FROM MICP ALSO HAVE CORROBORATED THE RESULTS. THE FLOW UNITS WERE DISTRIBUTED IN THE GEOLOGICAL MODEL, IN TURN GUIDING THE PETROPHYSICAL PARAMETER DISTRIBUTIONS, SUCH AS PERMEABILITY AND WATER SATURATION, IMPROVING THE RESERVOIR HETEROGENEITY. CONSEQUENTLY, IT IS POSSIBLE TO ACHIEVE A STATIC MODEL MORE FAITHFUL TO THE RESERVOIR GEOLOGY AND SUBSEQUENTLY A MORE PREDICTIVE SIMULATION MODEL.
7
MASUTTI, LEONARDO, STEVENSON HALL, and JÁDISON DE OLIVEIRA. "PEREGRINO ROCK TYPES: AN ALTERNATIVE FOR PETROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS DISTRIBUTION." In Resumos do I Encontro Brasileiro de Petrofísica de Campos Maduros. Editora Realize, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46943/i.ebpcm.2022.01.011.
Full textAbstract:
THE CREATION OF ROCK TYPES IS A PROCESS THAT MAKES IT POSSIBLE TO RELATE GEOLOGICAL FACIES AND PETROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES IN OIL RESERVOIRS. ROCK TYPES MUST ALSO CORRESPOND TO THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF ROCKS, CONTROLLED BY TEXTURAL FEATURES SUCH AS POROSITY TYPE AND PORE SPACE DISTRIBUTION (PORE THROAT). ROCK TYPES INTERPRETED FROM ELECTRICAL LOG RESPONSES ARE COMMONLY KNOWN AS ELECTRO-FACIES. FOR RESERVOIR MODELING, THE ROCK TYPES ARE DISTRIBUTED THROUGHOUT THE MODEL, GUIDING THE DISTRIBUTION OF PETROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE ROCKS PRESENT IN THE RESERVOIR. FLOW UNITS CAN BE CONSIDERED AS THE CONNECTION OF SIMILAR ROCK TYPES IN THE RESERVOIR. IN THE PEREGRINO FIELD, PETROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS SUCH AS PERMEABILITY, SATURATION AND RELATIVE PERMEABILITY ARE DISTRIBUTED BY THREE MAIN ELECTRO-FACIES. THESE THREE ELECTRO-FACIES ARE DEFINED BASICALLY BY SHALE VOLUME CUT-OFF AND TOTAL POROSITY AMOUNT. HOWEVER, DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THIS FIELD IT HAS BEEN POSSIBLE TO OBSERVE SOME VARIABILITY IN PRODUCTION(?) INSIDE OF THESE ELECTRO-FACIES, WHICH NEEDS TO BE ACCOUNTED FOR IN THE MODEL REPRESENTATIONS. THESE SUB-ELECTRO-FACIES OBSERVED HAVE DIFFERENT PETROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES BUT SIMILAR ELECTRICAL RESPONSE AS THE MAIN ELECTRO-FACIES INITIALLY INTERPRETED. THIS WORK PRESENTS THE ROCK TYPING METHODOLOGY IN ORDER TO SOLVE THIS ISSUE, BY CLASSIFYING THE PEREGRINO RESERVOIR ROCKS INTO FLOW UNITS. MORE THAN 400 CORE SAMPLES WITH POROSITY AND PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENTS HAD BEEN USED FOR DEFINING THE FLOW UNITS. SPECIAL CORE ANALYSES FROM MICP ALSO HAVE CORROBORATED THE RESULTS. THE FLOW UNITS WERE DISTRIBUTED IN THE GEOLOGICAL MODEL, IN TURN GUIDING THE PETROPHYSICAL PARAMETER DISTRIBUTIONS, SUCH AS PERMEABILITY AND WATER SATURATION, IMPROVING THE RESERVOIR HETEROGENEITY. CONSEQUENTLY, IT IS POSSIBLE TO ACHIEVE A STATIC MODEL MORE FAITHFUL TO THE RESERVOIR GEOLOGY AND SUBSEQUENTLY A MORE PREDICTIVE SIMULATION MODEL.
8
Lephatsoe, M., E. Hingston, M. Ferentinou, and N. Lefu. "Kinematic analysis of the western pitwall of the main pit at the Letseng Diamond mine, Lesotho." In Rock Engineering and Rock Mechanics: Structures in and on Rock Masses, 613–18. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16955-105.
Full text
9
Hallam, Tony. "Sea-level changes." In Catastrophes and Lesser Calamities. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198524977.003.0008.
Full textAbstract:
In earlier times many geologists clearly became cynical about what they had learned as students about Earth history from their stratigraphy courses. ‘The sea comes in, the sea goes out.’ This is indeed one of the most striking signals that emerges from study of the stratigraphic record in a given region: a succession of marine transgressions and regressions on the continents. Little scientific rigour was, however, applied to the subject, and students were left with no overarching explanation to provide any intellectual stimulation. Since the 1970s things have begun to change for the better, as less emphasis has been placed on learning the names of rock formations and fossil zones and more on the dynamic aspects of what to many ranks as a fascinating subject. This entails studying changing geographies and climates within a framework supplied by plate tectonics, the successions of strata being subjected to ever-more-rigorous sedimentological and geochemical analysis, and global correlation continually improved by further study of stratigraphically useful fossils. How do we infer sea-level changes from a given succession of sedimentary rocks? In essence we use facies analysis, which is based upon a careful study of the sediment types and structures, together with a study of the ecological aspects of the contained fossils, or palaeoecology. These features can be compared with those of similar sediments that are being deposited today, or similar organisms living today. Comparisons of this kind were practised by the likes of Cuvier as well as Lyell. Consider, for example, the Cretaceous succession in southern England. The oldest strata, well exposed on the coast from Sussex to Dorset, are known as the Wealden, and consist mainly of sandstones and siltstones that were deposited in a coastal plain (non-marine) setting. They are overlain by the Lower Greensand, a sandy unit of Aptian–Lower Albian age laid down in a very shallow marine environment. These conditions are revealed, not just by the types of fossils, which include the exclusively marine ammonites, but also by the distinctive green clay mineral glauconite, which gives its name to the rock formation and occurs today only in marine settings.
10
Heron, Mal. "Detection and Warning of Tsunamis Generated by Marine Landslides." In Landslides [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99914.
Full textAbstract:
Seismic signals provide an effective early detection of tsunamis that are generated by earthquakes, and for epicentres in the hard-rock subduction zones there is a robust analysis procedure that uses a global network of seismometers. For earthquakes with epicentres in soft layers in the upper subduction zones the processes are slower and the seismic signals have lower frequencies. For these soft-rock earthquakes a given earthquake magnitude can produce a bigger tsunami amplitude than the same earthquake magnitude in a hard rock rupture. Numerical modelling for the propagation from earthquake-generated tsunamis can predict time of arrivals at distant coastal impact zones. A global network of deep-water pressure sensors is used to detect and confirm tsunamis in the open ocean. Submarine landslide and coastal collapse tsunamis, meteo-tsunamis, and other disturbances with no significant seismicity must rely on the deep-water pressure sensors and HF radar for detection and warning. Local observations by HF radar at key impact sites detect and confirm tsunami time and amplitude in the order of 20–60 minutes before impact. HF radar systems that were developed for mapping the dynamics of coastal currents have demonstrated a capability to detect tsunamis within about 80 km of the coast and where the water depth is less than 200 m. These systems have now been optimised for tsunami detection and some installations are operating continuously to provide real-time data into tsunami warning centres. The value of a system to warn of hazards is realised only when coastal communities are informed and aware of the dangers.
Conference papers on the topic "Rocks – Analysis – Maine"
1
Sato, T., S. Mikake, M. Sakamaki, K. Aoki, S. Yamasaki, N. Shigeta, and S. Takeda. "Underground Research Laboratories in Japan: What Are the Important Factors for Facilities Design?" In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4736.
Full textAbstract:
This paper describes the current status of two Japanese off-site Underground Research Laboratories (URLs) Projects, one for crystalline rock and the other for sedimentary rock. This paper is focused on mechanical stability and ventilation, important factors relevant to the design and construction of deep underground facilities. High-pressure inflow, another important factor, will be included in the URL project for crystalline rock. The site of the URL project for crystalline rock is located in Mizunami, Gifu, in the central part of the main island of Japan. The regional geology consists of the Tertiary and Quaternary sedimentary rocks overlying Cretaceous granitic basement. Surface-based investigations, including geological mapping, a seismic refraction survey and shallow borehole investigations, and site preparation at the MIU (Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory) Project site have started in 2002. Numerical analysis is carried out to understand mechanical stability around the openings. The ventilation system design is based on numerical analysis using a ventilation network model. Grouting against the high-pressure inflow is planned. Conceptual design for the MIU at present is as follows: • Two 1,000 m shafts, a Main Shaft (6.5m φ) and a Ventilation shaft (4.5m φ); • Two experimental levels, the Main Stage at 1,000 m and the Middle Stage, at 500 m depths. The site of the URL project for sedimentary rock is located in Horonobe, Hokkaido, north of the main island of Japan. The geology consists of Tertiary sedimentary rocks. Surface-based investigation phase started in 2001. Numerical analysis is carried out to understand mechanical stability of the openings, and to design support. The numerical analysis using ventilation network model is carried out to design the ventilation system and disaster prevention method. Conceptual design for the Hnb-URL at present is as follows: • Two 500 m shafts and a Ventilation shaft; • Two experimental levels, the Main Stage at 500 m and the Middle Stage at 250 m depths.
2
Abugharara, Abdelsalam N., Charles A. Hurich, John Molgaard, and Stephen D. Butt. "Implementation of Circular Wave Measurements and Multiple Drilling Parameter Analysis in Rock Anisotropy Evaluation." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-62088.
Full textAbstract:
A laboratory procedure has been developed to evaluate the anisotropy of Rock Like Material (RLM), granite, red shale, and green shale. This procedure involves detailed anisotropy evaluation steps through implementing circular ultrasonic wave velocity measurements, representing physical measurement and multiple drilling parameters (MDP), representing drilling performance. The physical tests involved circular pattern measurements of compressional and shear wave velocities, VP and VS, respectively. The drilling tests involved drilling samples of each rock in different a 25.4 mm Diamond Coring bit. The MDP included the study of the variations of Rate of Penetration (ROP), bit cutter Depth of Cut (DOC), Revolution Per Minute (RPM), and Torque (TRQ). The MPD were studied as function of orientations under atmospheric pressure. In addition to the physical and drilling evaluation, mechanical tests, such as Oriented Unconfined Compressive Strength (OUCS) were also used in rock anisotropy evaluation. Concrete with fine aggregate and Portland cement is used as RLM for much of the laboratory work. This material was cast into cylinders measuring 101.6 mm by 152.4 mm and 203.2 mm by 203.2 mm, from which NQ; 47.6mm core samples were taken. Coring was performed in three main orientations including 0°, 45°, and 90°. Characterization tests were performed on the RLM cores as they were conducted on the natural rock that included granite and red shale as isotropic and vertical transverse isotropic rocks, respectively. A fully instrumented lab-scale rotary drilling rig was used in conducting the drilling experiments. Details on the strategy for the tests on the anisotropy evaluation with results from laboratory work on natural rocks and RLM are reported. Result of the effect of shale anisotropy orientation on the drilling parameters that influence ROP as means of anisotropy evaluation are also, reported.
3
Seitkhaziyev, Yessimkhan Sherekhanovich, Nariman Danebekovich Sarsenbekov, and Rakhim Nagangaliyevich Uteyev. "Geochemical Atlas of Oils and Source Rocks and Oil-Source Rock Correlations: A Case Study of Oil and Ggas Fields in the Mangyshlak Basin (Kazakhstan)." In SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212078-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper presents the results of fingerprinting and biomarker analysis of 183 crude oil samples derived from 19 oil and gas fields in the South Mangyshlak basin and Rock -Eval pyrolysis performed on 93 core samples from 12 fields of this basin. Geochemical atlas was made based on the oil fingerprinting studies, according to which, the studied fields of the South- Mangyshlak basin can be divided into 3 groups: same type of oils on the scale of groups of fields. This group includes Permian-Triassic oils of the Karaginskaya Saddle (Northern Karagiye, Atambay, Alatyube, Ashchiagar) and the Peschannomyssko-Rakushechnaya uplift zone (Oymasha), which have very similar oil fingerprinting either within each field or on the scale of these fields. oils of the same type within the same field. The second group includes oils from Pridorozhnoye, Airantakyr, Burmasha and Bekturly fields, each of which has its own unique oil fingerprinting of light aromatic hydrocarbons. different types of oils within the same field. This group includes oils from the rest of the studied Zhetybay- Uzen steps such as Asar, East Zhetybay, South Zhetybay, Aktas, Turkmenoy, Tasbulat, Uzen and Karamandybas fields, since within each of these fields were identified several different groups of oils that require a detailed study of their biomarkers to determine their genetic origin and trace hydrocarbon migration pathways. The obtained results of oil fingerprinting are consistent with their biomarker compositions, according to which the oils of the first group, identified by their fingerprinting, were generated from marine shaly source rocks, while those of the second group were from shaly source rocks, deposited in whether marine or lacustrine environments. The biomarker composition of the third group oils exhibited that the oils within each of these fields have at least two genetic sources: the oils of the lower pay zones have shaly marine OM source, while those of the upper upper pay zones were formed by OM deposited in lacustrine environment. Their biomarkers clearly show a regular change in the contribution of lacustrine OM input to marine one with the depth increase of pay zones and within the field of this group thermally more mature oils of a marine source (23-24 horizons Uzen and Karamandybas, J-10 and J-11 fields of Asar, Zhetybay, Zhetybay East) were mixed with relatively lower mature oils of the upper lacustrine source (13-16 th pay zones in Uzen and Karamandybas, J-J-3a, J-4a in Asar field, J-5 in Zhetybay, J-1 in Zhetybay East) with their upward migration. To characterize source rocks, where the studied oils were generated, Rock-Eval pyrolysis was performed on core samples of different ages, which revealed that in reality the reservoirs of the Asar, Zhetybay, Karamandybas, Uzen and Akkar fields can be considered synclinal, that means, it serves as both reservoir and source rock, which explains the different oil fingerprintings and the vertical and lateral differences in their biomarkers. The main role in the formation of deposits in the stratum played the lateral migration of hydrocarbons from the most submerged parts. Rock -Eval results also enabled to clarify the reasons for the different compositions of oil biomarkers: for example, by pyrolysis, the studied core samples from the Permian- Triassic and Triassic deposits of Oymashaa, Atambay -Sartyube and Pridorozhnoye are so thermally overmature that they are in the zone of gas generation and possess low generative potential, and as shown by biomarker analysis, their oils have such a high thermal maturity that only tiny amount of biomarkers is left. This circumstance is reflected in a sharp reduction in the resources of liquid hydrocarbons in Permian- Triassic deposits compared to Jurassic deposits and in an equally sharp increase in the share of gas formation. Also "oil-source rock correlation" studies were made to discern genetic link between oils and hydrocarbons extracted from potential source rocks.
4
Reka, D. ,. S. "Rembang Zone Petroleum Play, Stratigraphic and Petrographic Analysis of Ngrayong Formation as Reservoir, Jamprong Area, Tuban, East Java." In Digital Technical Conference. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa20-sg-326.
Full textAbstract:
The following research took place in the Jamprong area, Tuban Regency, East Java Province within a study area of 2 km2. Physiographically, the study area is situated in the anticlinorium of the Rembang Zone. This research aims to define the reservoir potential of outcrop samples from the Ngrayong Formation as an analogue for the subsurface. In addition, the depositional environment and the age of the rock in the research area was determined. The Ngrayong Formation is regarded as a potential reservoir in the North East Java Basin. The accumulated data consists of stratigraphy, petrographic analysisand paleontological analysis of rock samples, and geological mapping has been carried out to determine the distribution of rocks. Facies were determined based on outcrop observations and comprise predominantly arkose sandstone facies with fine – coarse grained, moderately sorted and with cross-bedding, herringbone, and lamination, and another facies namely massive carbonate grainstone. Based on these facies, the interpreted depositional environment is the transition of tidal flat to shallow marine carbonate platform with relative biostratigraphic age of Middle Miocene, Langhian to Serravallian (M6-M8 planktonic foraminiferal biozones). Rocks in the study area have porosity >20% or very good and permeability >130 or fair based on petrographic observations, and this supports the interpretation of the Ngrayong Formations as a potential reservoir of hydrocarbons.
5
Lu, Feng Hu. "Using Isotope Technology to Identify Oil and Gas Reservoir Sweet Spots." In SPE Reservoir Characterisation and Simulation Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212642-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Porosity and permeability of rocks are crucial parameters utilized to assess the quality of oil and gas reservoirs. Diagenesis in carbonate reservoirs commonly results in dissolution, and creates secondary porosity and permeability. At the same time, geochemical records (e.g., isotopes and elements) in the carbonate rocks are diagenetically altered. This study is to utilize the isotope technology to evaluate diagenesis and its impact on oil and gas reservoirs. Micro-samples were collected from marine carbonate rocks in a studied reservoir for carbon and oxygen isotope analyses, plus analyses of Sr isotopes and element concentrations. The analytical results show outstanding negative shifts of oxygen isotopes in some intervals, whereas carbon and strontium isotopes have a minor or little change. These intervals also contain lower element contents including strontium. It is believed that these intervals experienced diagenetic dissolution with abundant secondary porosity, and are the best potential for oil and gas reservoirs. Petrographic study indicates minor cements but higher porosity developed within these intervals. This is confirmed by high porosity measured within these intervals by using other methods including gas injection and well logging. Furthermore, the degrees of water-rock interaction were quantitively assessed by modeling covariations of isotope pairs, which can help evaluate the quality of reservoirs relating to the intensity of diagenesis. Intensive diagenesis with a high water-rock ratio particularly in a closed system may result in additional cementation, alteration of most geochemical parameters, and also reduce porosity and permeability. Thus, the isotope technology can be utilized as an effective method to assess reservoir potential and determine reservoir sweet spots. Note that carbonate cementation and recrystallization commonly occur during diagenesis, and commonly show negative oxygen isotope values. If sampling happens to contain a certain amount of cements and recrystallized carbonate minerals, the analytical results will show lower oxygen isotopes and trace elements than their primary values in the studied marine carbonates. Petrographic study was conducted to help micro-sampling, and verify that cements were not collected in the studied carbonate rocks for isotope analysis. The implementation of this study is that the isotope results obtained from one studied well can be applied in the whole field or/and the region, as diagenesis rarely occurs only around one well. This will save cost for repeatedly measurements from different wells and fields by using other methods.
6
Ariyono, D. "New perspectives on the source rock facies of the Andaman Trough, offshore North Sumatra based on the latest onshore oil sampling and analysis." In Indonesian Petroleum Association 44th Annual Convention and Exhibition. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa21-g-212.
Full textAbstract:
The Andaman sub-basin, located offshore Aceh Indonesia, is considered to be one of Indonesia’s most underexplored basins, despite its proximity to the giant gas and condensate fields of Arun, NSO A, NSO J and South Lhok Sukon, where in excess of 6 MMboe has been produced to date. The understanding of the Petroleum System in the offshore Andaman Trough, has historically been challenged by poor imaging of the basin architecture and limited penetration and retrieval of source rock intervals and hydrocarbon fluids for analysis. Mubadala Petroleum, as operator of the Andaman I PSC, conducted a geological field study to collect multiple oil samples from fourteen (14) onshore traditional wells across the Bireun and Aceh Timur Administrative District (Figure 1). Those samples were analyzed in laboratory for their physical properties and parameters derived from those analyzes where integrated to fully characterize oils produced in the onshore Aceh area and establish the organofacies and maturity of their source facies precursors. The results were then used as calibration for the analysis and subsurface modeling of the offshore petroleum system of the Andaman sub-basin. Previous authors have postulated that Late Oligocene to Early Miocene marine shales were the main source rocks for oil in the Andaman Trough. Oil samples collected onshore as part of this study however, were sourced by peak to late mature oil-prone lacustrine source rock facies, yielding high API (42.7 – 50.8°), low pour point, low sulphur, and low wax content fluids. Integration of these findings with the upgraded tectono-stratigraphic framework provided by the 2019 MC3D survey, reprocessed multi-vintage 2D, and reinterpretation of biostratigraphic analysis, has enabled the delineation of a postulated Paleogene lacustrine source rock facies in the Andaman Trough. This model does not preclude the potential of other source rock facies to be present and active within the Andaman Trough, including the gas-prone fluvial Eocene-Oligocene Parapat Formation, but it supports the possibility that oil may have been generated in the Andaman Trough.
7
Al-Enezi, Huda Rajab, and Iraj Ershaghi. "Ineffectiveness of Acid Fracturing for Stimulating a Tight Fractured Reservoir Rock, A Case Study." In SPE Western Regional Meeting. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209264-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Stimulating source rocks using hydraulic fracturing in unconventional source rocks is a common process. But such practice has not been followed when dealing with tight reservoir rocks. Tight carbonate reservoir rocks have in general been subjected to multistage acid fracturing. This paper describes the analysis of actual performance data to acid fracturing in a tight carbonate formation and the ineffectiveness of the process as measured by the performance responses of the producing wells. The case study relates to a tight formation that is considered a reservoir rather than a source rock. The formation permeability is in the range of 0.1-5 millidarcies. Development has been through numerous horizontal wells with limited multistage acid stimulation. Analysis of performance data for more than 30 wells Indicates no fracture flow and very limited stimulated production. Different diagnostic methods were used to determine the nature of the flow regime and to examine the true benefit of multistage acid fracturing. Most of the wells studied show primarily a radial flow condition after limited acid fracturing. The main observation is that the process of acid fracturing at best has resulted in local near wellbore stimulation on all these wells, and there are no significant indications of fracture-dominated flow. Many of the wells also show early signs of the boundary effect that explains the ineffectiveness of the recovery process.
8
Masoud, Mohamed, W. Scott Meddaugh, Masoud Eljaroshi, and Khaled Elghanduri. "Enhanced and Rock Typing-Based Reservoir Characterization of the Palaeocene Harash Carbonate Reservoir-Zelten Field-Sirte Basin-Libya." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205971-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The Harash Formation was previously known as the Ruaga A and is considered to be one of the most productive reservoirs in the Zelten field in terms of reservoir quality, areal extent, and hydrocarbon quantity. To date, nearly 70 wells were drilled targeting the Harash reservoir. A few wells initially naturally produced but most had to be stimulated which reflected the field drilling and development plan. The Harash reservoir rock typing identification was essential in understanding the reservoir geology implementation of reservoir development drilling program, the construction of representative reservoir models, hydrocarbons volumetric calculations, and historical pressure-production matching in the flow modelling processes. The objectives of this study are to predict the permeability at un-cored wells and unsampled locations, to classify the reservoir rocks into main rock typing, and to build robust reservoir properties models in which static petrophysical properties and fluid properties are assigned for identified rock type and assessed the existed vertical and lateral heterogeneity within the Palaeocene Harash carbonate reservoir. Initially, an objective-based workflow was developed by generating a training dataset from open hole logs and core samples which were conventionally and specially analyzed of six wells. The developed dataset was used to predict permeability at cored wells through a K-mod model that applies Neural Network Analysis (NNA) and Declustring (DC) algorithms to generate representative permeability and electro-facies. Equal statistical weights were given to log responses without analytical supervision taking into account the significant log response variations. The core data was grouped on petrophysical basis to compute pore throat size aiming at deriving and enlarging the interpretation process from the core to log domain using Indexation and Probabilities of Self-Organized Maps (IPSOM) classification model to develop a reliable representation of rock type classification at the well scale. Permeability and rock typing derived from the open-hole logs and core samples analysis are the main K-mod and IPSOM classification model outputs. The results were propagated to more than 70 un-cored wells. Rock typing techniques were also conducted to classify the Harash reservoir rocks in a consistent manner. Depositional rock typing using a stratigraphic modified Lorenz plot and electro-facies suggest three different rock types that are probably linked to three flow zones. The defined rock types are dominated by specifc reservoir parameters. Electro-facies enables subdivision of the formation into petrophysical groups in which properties were assigned to and were characterized by dynamic behavior and the rock-fluid interaction. Capillary pressure and relative permeability data proved the complexity in rock capillarity. Subsequently, Swc is really rock typing dependent. The use of a consistent representative petrophysical rock type classification led to a significant improvement of geological and flow models.
9
Zhanserkeyeva, Ainura, and Akzhan Kassenov. "Prospect Evaluation Based on Integrated Petroleum System Analysis: Block E Case Study, South-Eastern Edge of Precaspian Basin Kazakhstan." In SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207038-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Positive geological and geochemical prerequisites have been identified for the purpose of increasing hydrocarbon resource potential in the under-explored study area. A methodology has been developed for assessing the hydrocarbon potential and prospecting for new promising oil and gas accumulation zones using the technology of basin modeling, provided there is a lack of initial data. A high hydrocarbon source rock generative potential and the degree of thermal maturity of the Lower Permian, Mid Carboniferous and Upper Devonian strata of the south-eastern part of the Precaspian depression have been revealed. Seismostratigraphic interpretation and geodynamic analysis were carried out and the main stages of the geodynamic evolution of the study area were reconstructed based on combination of all available geological and geophysical information, recent exploration drilling results and unpublished subsurface studies. The results of thermotectonic modelling confirm the possibility of vertical migration of hydrocarbons generated in Upper Paleozoic source rocks. A revision of the previously performed interpretation of 3D seismic data has been carried out; and for the first time, intrasalt sedimentary packages of presumably Upper Permian age have been identified as independent objects, which can be potential hydrocarbon traps. For the Lower Permian deposits, type III kerogen predominates, which may be associated with an increase in collisional processes in the Late Paleozoic time and an active input of plant organic matter. For Mid Carboniferous sediments, type II or mixed type II / III kerogen prevails. Analysis of the evolution of thermal maturity indicates the unevenness of the entry of potential source rocks into the main zone of oil generation. For kerogen type III of the Lower Permian source rocks, the peak of oil generation falls on the Late Cretaceous. For predominantly carbonate and terrigenous-carbonate Middle Carboniferous source rocks the peak of generation falls on the Jurassic. The most buried Devonian source rocks presumably entered into the zone of wet gas generation. The development of salt tectonics from Late Triassic to Cenozoic contributed to the vertical migration of hydrocarbons into the post-salt complex. The identified petroleum accumulations in the Upper Triassic-Jurassic stratigraphic section are mainly confined to the four-way dip structural closures above the steep flanks of salt diapirs.
10
Zhanserkeyeva, Ainura, and Akzhan Kassenov. "Prospect Evaluation Based on Integrated Petroleum System Analysis: Block E Case Study, South-Eastern Edge of Precaspian Basin Kazakhstan." In SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207038-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Positive geological and geochemical prerequisites have been identified for the purpose of increasing hydrocarbon resource potential in the under-explored study area. A methodology has been developed for assessing the hydrocarbon potential and prospecting for new promising oil and gas accumulation zones using the technology of basin modeling, provided there is a lack of initial data. A high hydrocarbon source rock generative potential and the degree of thermal maturity of the Lower Permian, Mid Carboniferous and Upper Devonian strata of the south-eastern part of the Precaspian depression have been revealed. Seismostratigraphic interpretation and geodynamic analysis were carried out and the main stages of the geodynamic evolution of the study area were reconstructed based on combination of all available geological and geophysical information, recent exploration drilling results and unpublished subsurface studies. The results of thermotectonic modelling confirm the possibility of vertical migration of hydrocarbons generated in Upper Paleozoic source rocks. A revision of the previously performed interpretation of 3D seismic data has been carried out; and for the first time, intrasalt sedimentary packages of presumably Upper Permian age have been identified as independent objects, which can be potential hydrocarbon traps. For the Lower Permian deposits, type III kerogen predominates, which may be associated with an increase in collisional processes in the Late Paleozoic time and an active input of plant organic matter. For Mid Carboniferous sediments, type II or mixed type II / III kerogen prevails. Analysis of the evolution of thermal maturity indicates the unevenness of the entry of potential source rocks into the main zone of oil generation. For kerogen type III of the Lower Permian source rocks, the peak of oil generation falls on the Late Cretaceous. For predominantly carbonate and terrigenous-carbonate Middle Carboniferous source rocks the peak of generation falls on the Jurassic. The most buried Devonian source rocks presumably entered into the zone of wet gas generation. The development of salt tectonics from Late Triassic to Cenozoic contributed to the vertical migration of hydrocarbons into the post-salt complex. The identified petroleum accumulations in the Upper Triassic-Jurassic stratigraphic section are mainly confined to the four-way dip structural closures above the steep flanks of salt diapirs.
Reports on the topic "Rocks – Analysis – Maine"
1
Холошин, Ігор Віталійович, Наталя Борисівна Пантелєєва, Олександр Миколайович Трунін, Людмила Володимирівна Бурман, and Ольга Олександрівна Калініченко. Infrared Spectroscopy as the Method for Evaluating Technological Properties of Minerals and Their Behavior in Technological Processes. E3S Web of Conferences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3929.
Full textAbstract:
Infrared spectroscopy (IR) is a highly effective method for the analysis of minerals, rocks and ores, capable of solving a whole range of problems when choosing innovative solutions for the technological processing of various types of mineral raw materials. The article considers the main directions of using the infrared spectroscopy method in assessing the technological properties of minerals and their behavior in technological processes: evaluation of the grade (quality) of mineral raw materials; analysis of the behavior of minerals in the technological process with prediction of their technological properties; analysis of changes in the structure and properties of minerals in technological processes; operational analysis of mineral substances at various stages of technological processing. The article illustrates all aspects of the use of infrared spectroscopy at various stages of studying the material composition of mineral raw materials in its enrichment assessment by specific examples of solving problems arising from the technological redistribution of various types of ore and non-metallic minerals.
2
Mamonov, Aleksndr, Skule Strand, Tina Puntervold, and Ivan Dario Pinerez Torrijos. Smart Water flooding: Part 1: Laboratory workflow for screening EOR potential. University of Stavanger, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.199.
Full textAbstract:
This report aims to provide guidance on the type of analyses to be performed to screen Smart Water EOR potential for various Crude Oil-Brine-Rock (COBR) systems. The objective of the report is to highlight the most important screening parameters and provide recommendations for laboratory tests. The recommended methodological approach is based on practical and fundamental knowledge gained during the lifetime of the National IOR Centre of Norway. The document describes the main steps of the Smart Water EOR workflow with a simplified description of the experimental procedures. These guidelines can be addressed to both laboratory engineers/researchers and project managers. The authors hope that the recommendations presented will ultimately help facilitate the implementation of Smart Water technology in real reservoir systems including the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS).
3
Raghothama, Kashchandra G., Avner Silber, and Avraham Levy. Biotechnology approaches to enhance phosphorus acquisition of tomato plants. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7586546.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: Phosphorus is one of the least available macronutrient in the soil. The high affinity phosphate transporters are known to be associated with phosphate acquisition under natural conditions. Due to unique interactions of phosphate with soil particles, up to 80% of the applied phosphates may be fixed forcing the farmers to apply 4 to 5 times the fertilizers necessary for crop production. Efficient uptake and utilization of this essential nutrient is essential for sustainability and profitability of agriculture. Many predictions point to utilization/exhaustion of high quality phosphate rocks within this century. This calls for efforts to improve the ability of plants to acquire and utilize limiting sources of phosphate in the rhizosphere. Two important molecular and biochemical components associated with phosphate efficiency are phosphate transporters and phosphatases. This research project is aimed at defining molecular determinants of phosphate acquisition and utilization in addition to generating phosphate uptake efficient plants. The main objectives of the project were; Creation and analysis of transgenic tomato plants over-expressing phosphatases and transporters Characterization of the recently identified members (LePT3 and LePT4) of the Pi transporter family Generate molecular tools to study genetic responses of plants to Pi deficiency During the project period we have successfully identified and characterized a novel phosphate transporter associated with mycorrhizal symbiosis. The expression of this transporter increases with mycorrhizal symbiosis. A thorough characterization of mutant tomato lacking the expression of this gene revealed the biological significance of LePT3 and another novel gene LePT4. In addition we have isolated and characterized several phosphate starvation induced genes from tomato using a combination of differential and subtractive mRNA hybridization techniques. One of the genes, LePS2 belongs to the family of phospho-protein phosphatase. The functionality of the recombinant protein was determined using synthetic phosphor-peptides. Over expression of this gene in tomato resulted in significant changes in growth, delay in flowering and senescence. It is anticipated that phospho-protein phosphatase may have regulatory role in phosphate deficiency responses of plants. In addition a novel phosphate starvation induced glycerol 3-phosphate permease gene family was also characterized. Two doctoral research students are continuing the characterization and functional analysis of these genes. Over expression of high affinity phosphate transporters in tobacco showed increased phosphate content under hydroponic conditions. There is growing evidence suggesting that high affinity phosphate transporters are crucial for phosphate acquisition even under phosphate sufficiency conditions. This project has helped train several postdoctoral fellows and graduate students. Further analysis of transgenic plants expressing phosphatases and transporters will not only reveal the biological function of the targeted genes but also result in phosphate uptake and utilization efficient plants.