Academic literature on the topic 'Rockfal hazard'

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Journal articles on the topic "Rockfal hazard"

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Hartmeyer, Ingo, Markus Keuschnig, Robert Delleske, Michael Krautblatter, Andreas Lang, Lothar Schrott, Günther Prasicek, and Jan-Christoph Otto. "A 6-year lidar survey reveals enhanced rockwall retreat and modified rockfall magnitudes/frequencies in deglaciating cirques." Earth Surface Dynamics 8, no. 3 (September 11, 2020): 753–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-753-2020.

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Abstract. Cirque erosion contributes significantly to mountain denudation and is a key element of glaciated mountain topography. Despite long-standing efforts, rates of rockwall retreat and the proportional contributions of low-, mid- and high-magnitude rockfalls have remained poorly constrained. Here, a unique, terrestrial-lidar-derived rockfall inventory (2011–2017) of two glaciated cirques in the Hohe Tauern range, Central Alps, Austria, is analysed. The mean cirque wall retreat rate of 1.9 mm a−1 ranks in the top range of reported values and is mainly driven by enhanced rockfall from the lowermost, freshly deglaciated rockwall sections. Retreat rates are significantly elevated over decades subsequent to glacier downwasting. Elongated cirque morphology and recorded cirque wall retreat rates indicate headward erosion is clearly outpacing lateral erosion, most likely due to the cataclinal backwalls, which are prone to large dip-slope failures. The rockfall magnitude–frequency distribution – the first such distribution derived for deglaciating cirques – follows a distinct negative power law over 4 orders of magnitude. Magnitude–frequency distributions in glacier-proximal and glacier-distal rockwall sections differ significantly due to an increased occurrence of large rockfalls in recently deglaciated areas. In this paper, the second of two companion pieces, we show how recent climate warming shapes glacial landforms, controls spatiotemporal rockfall variation in glacial environments and indicates a transient signal with decadal-scale exhaustion of rockfall activity immediately following deglaciation crucial for future hazard assessments.
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Birien, Tom, and Francis Gauthier. "Assessing the relationship between weather conditions and rockfall using terrestrial laser scanning to improve risk management." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 23, no. 1 (January 27, 2023): 343–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-343-2023.

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Abstract. Since 1987, more than 13 200 rockfalls have been inventoried by the ministère des Transports du Québec (MTQ) as having impacted the national road Route 132 in northern Gaspésie. This natural hazard represents a nearly permanent danger for road users. Traditional mitigation measures can be ineffective on poorly consolidated, deformed and highly fractured rockwalls such as those found in northern Gaspésie. To address this issue, implementing preventive risk management based on the factors that trigger rock instabilities could be the most effective method. Earthquake, rainfall and freeze–thaw cycles are commonly considered to be the main rockfall-triggering factors. This study aims to better understand the climatic conditions conducive to rockfalls in northern Gaspésie in order to provide knowledge to implement an appropriate risk management strategy. Three rockwalls were scanned with terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) instruments during specific pre-targeted weather conditions. Over a period of 18 months, 17 surveys have allowed us to identify 1287 rockfalls with a magnitude above 0.005 m3 on a scanned surface of 12 056 m2. In addition, meteorological instruments and a 550 cm thermistor string have been installed directly on a vertical rockwall. It appears that some weather conditions influence the occurrence, frequency and magnitude of rockfalls. In winter, rockfall frequency is 12 times higher during a superficial thaw than during a cold period in which temperature remains below 0 ∘C. In summer, rockfall frequency is 22 times higher during a heavy rainfall event than during a mainly dry period. Superficial freeze–thaw cycles (< 50 cm) cause mostly a high frequency of small-magnitude events, while deeper spring thaw (> 100 cm) results in a high frequency of large-magnitude events. The influence of weather conditions on rockfall frequency and magnitude is crucial in order to improve risk management, since large-magnitude events represent higher potential hazards. This study provides a classification of weather conditions based on their ability to trigger rockfalls of different magnitudes. This knowledge could be used to implement a risk management strategy.
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Kanari, Mor, Oded Katz, Ram Weinberger, Naomi Porat, and Shmuel Marco. "Evaluating earthquake-induced rockfall hazard near the Dead Sea Transform." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 4 (April 18, 2019): 889–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-889-2019.

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Abstract. We address an approach for rockfall hazard evaluation where the study area resides below a cliff in an a priori exposure to rockfall hazard, but no historical documentation of rockfall events is available and hence important rockfall hazard parameters like triggering mechanism and recurrence interval are unknown. We study the rockfall hazard for the town of Qiryat Shemona, northern Israel, situated alongside the Dead Sea Transform, at the foot of the Ramim escarpment. Numerous boulders are scattered on the slopes above the town, while pre-town historical aerial photos reveal that boulders had reached the location that is now within town limits. We use field observations and optically stimulated luminescence dating of past rockfall events combined with computer modeling to evaluate the rockfall hazard. For the analysis, we first mapped the rockfall source and final downslope stop sites and compiled the boulder size distribution. We then simulated the possible rockfall trajectories using the field observed data to calibrate the simulation software by comparing simulated and mapped boulder stop sites along selected slopes, while adjusting model input parameters for best fit. The analysis reveals areas of high rockfall hazard at the southwestern quarters of the town and also indicates that in the studied slopes falling blocks would stop where the slope angle decreases below 5–10∘. Age determination suggests that the rockfalls were triggered by large (M>6) historical earthquakes. Nevertheless, not all large historical earthquakes triggered rockfalls. Considering the size distribution of the past rockfalls in the study area and the recurrence time of large earthquakes in the region, we estimate a probability of less than 5 % to be affected by a destructive rockfall within a 50-year time window. Here we suggest a comprehensive method to evaluate rockfall hazard where only past rockfall evidence exists in the field. We show the importance of integrating spatial and temporal field observations to assess the extent of rockfall hazard, the potential block size distribution and the rockfall recurrence interval.
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Colangelo, G., and A. Guariglia. "A Combined Methodology for Landslide Risk Mitigation in Basilicata Region by Using LIDAR Technique and Rockfall Simulation." International Journal of Geophysics 2011 (2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/392676.

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Rockfalls represent a significant geohazards along the SS18 road of Basilicata Region, Italy. The management of these rockfall hazards and the mitigation of the risk require innovative approaches and technologies. This paper discusses a hazard assessment strategy and risk mitigation for rockfalls in a section of SS118, along the coast of Maratea, using LIDAR technique and spatial modelling. Historical rockfall records were used to calibrate the physical characteristics of the rockfall processes. The results of the simulations were used to define the intervention actions and engineering strategy for the mitigation of the phenomena. Within two months, 260 linear meters of high-energy rockfall barriers for impact energies up to 3000 kJ were installed. After that, according to road authority, the SS18 road was opened in a safe condition. The results represent a valid cognitive support to choose the most appropriate technical solution for topography strengthening and an example of good practice for the cooperation between innovative technologies and field emergency management.
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Saroglou, H. "Rockfall hazard in Greece." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 47, no. 3 (December 21, 2016): 1429. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.10982.

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The geological structure of Greece (frequent occurrence of rock formations, existence of faults and fracturing of rocks), the steep topography and mountainous terrain as well as its high seismicity, creates a significant rockfall hazard. During the last decades, rockfalls in Greece are becoming a frequent phenomenon due to the increase of intense rainfall events but also due to the extension of human activities in mountainous areas. The paper presents rockfall hazard in Greece trough an inventory of rockfalls and investigates the correlation of specific factors, namely: a) triggering mechanism (rainfall, seismicity), b) slope angle, c) lithology, d) fault presence, e) block size in the probability of occurrence of these, based on a statistical approach. The time and space frequency of the events is also investigated. Finally, the impact of the events on human and infrastructures (transportation infrastructure, inhabited areas, archaeological sites) is discussed.
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Macciotta, Renato, Frank Altamirano, Lachlan Gibbins, Marco Espezua, Rubén Fernández, and Javier Maguiña. "Rock Fall Hazard Analysis for In-Pit Operations Potentially Impacting External Sensitive Areas." Mining 1, no. 2 (June 23, 2021): 135–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mining1020009.

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Controlling rockfall-related risks is a requirement for safe pit operations and primarily mitigated through adequate bench geometry design and implementation. This paper presents a method for rockfall hazard analysis for in-pit operations potentially impacting external sensible areas, adapted from natural rockfall hazard analyses. The method considers the natural susceptibility to rockfalls pre-mining, rockfalls originated from bench failures, and those initiated as flyrock. Rockfall trajectory models are used to estimate the potential for blocks reaching exposed elements. Natural susceptibility to rockfalls and trajectories are used as a baseline on which to evaluate the potential effects of open pit operations on the environment and perceptions of communities in the area. The method is illustrated for an open pit in steep terrain in the Peruvian Andes at a feasibility level of study. The paper illustrates the flexibility for including considerations of pre-mining rockfall impacts on the external elements of interest, and for developing rockfall mitigation strategies that consider rock block velocities, heights, energies and the spatial distribution of trajectories. The results highlight the importance of considering the three-dimensional effects of the terrain on block trajectories, and how such insights allow for increasing the efficiency of resources available for rockfall protection structures.
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Hantz, Didier, Jordi Corominas, Giovanni B. Crosta, and Michel Jaboyedoff. "Definitions and Concepts for Quantitative Rockfall Hazard and Risk Analysis." Geosciences 11, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11040158.

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There is an increasing need for quantitative rockfall hazard and risk assessment that requires a precise definition of the terms and concepts used for this particular type of landslide. This paper suggests using terms that appear to be the most logic and explicit as possible and describes methods to derive some of the main hazards and risk descriptors. The terms and concepts presented concern the rockfall process (failure, propagation, fragmentation, modelling) and the hazard and risk descriptors, distinguishing the cases of localized and diffuse hazards. For a localized hazard, the failure probability of the considered rock compartment in a given period of time has to be assessed, and the probability for a given element at risk to be impacted with a given energy must be derived combining the failure probability, the reach probability, and the exposure of the element. For a diffuse hazard that is characterized by a failure frequency, the number of rockfalls reaching the element at risk per unit of time and with a given energy (passage frequency) can be derived. This frequency is relevant for risk assessment when the element at risk can be damaged several times. If it is not replaced, the probability that it is impacted by at least one rockfall is more relevant.
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Borella, Josh, Mark Quigley, Zoe Krauss, Krystina Lincoln, Januka Attanayake, Laura Stamp, Henry Lanman, Stephanie Levine, Sam Hampton, and Darren Gravley. "Geologic and geomorphic controls on rockfall hazard: how well do past rockfalls predict future distributions?" Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 10 (October 11, 2019): 2249–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2249-2019.

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Abstract. To evaluate the geospatial hazard relationships between recent (contemporary) rockfalls and their prehistoric predecessors, we compare the locations, physical characteristics, and lithologies of rockfall boulders deposited during the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence (CES) (n=185) with those deposited prior to the CES (n=1093). Population ratios of pre-CES to CES boulders at two study sites vary spatially from ∼5:1 to 8.5:1. This is interpreted to reflect (i) variations in CES rockfall flux due to intra- and inter-event spatial differences in ground motions (e.g., directionality) and associated variations in source cliff responses; (ii) possible variations in the triggering mechanism(s), frequency, flux, record duration, boulder size distributions, and post-depositional mobilization of pre-CES rockfalls relative to CES rockfalls; and (iii) geological variations in the source cliffs of CES and pre-CES rockfalls. On interfluves, CES boulders traveled approximately 100 to 250 m further downslope than prehistoric (pre-CES) boulders. This is interpreted to reflect reduced resistance to CES rockfall transport due to preceding anthropogenic hillslope de-vegetation. Volcanic breccia boulders are more dimensionally equant and rounded, are larger, and traveled further downslope than coherent lava boulders, illustrating clear geological control on rockfall hazard. In valley bottoms, the furthest-traveled pre-CES boulders are situated further downslope than CES boulders due to (i) remobilization of pre-CES boulders by post-depositional processes such as debris flows and (ii) reduction of CES boulder velocities and travel distances by collisional impacts with pre-CES boulders. A considered earth-systems approach is required when using preserved distributions of rockfall deposits to predict the severity and extents of future rockfall events.
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Tanoli, Javed Iqbal, Ningsheng Chen, Ihsan Ullah, Muhammad Qasim, Sajid Ali, Qasim ur Rehman, Umbreen Umber, and Ishtiaq Ahmed Khan Jadoon. "Modified “Rockfall Hazard Rating System for Pakistan (RHRSP)”: An Application for Hazard and Risk Assessment along the Karakoram Highway, Northwest Pakistan." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (April 8, 2022): 3778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12083778.

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Rockfall is a natural mountain hazard posing a severe threat to people, infrastructure, and vehicles along the transportation corridors. In this research, the standard Rockfall Hazard Rating System (RHRS) is slightly modified for the mountainous terrains of Pakistan through the quantification of animal activity along the highways. In the modified Rockfall Hazard and Rating System for Pakistan (RHRSP), animal activity is scored based on permanent and random animal tracks, shallow and higher altitudes, and shoulder width. The model is applied along the Karakoram Highway (KKH), which traverses a suture between Besham and Dasu (≈78 km), for Rockfall hazard and risk assessment mapping. An inventory of rockfalls, topples, and debris slides is compiled at 30 stations. Results show that rockfalls are mostly of the wedge and topple type failures. Fifty-seven percent of the area falls under the very-high to high hazard zone, 18% under moderate hazard, and 25% covers the low to very low hazard zone. Sixty-seven percent of the stretch is at very-high to high risk, distributed from Dubair to Dasu. The main reason for this risk is associated with narrow road width and limited shoulder width for vehicles. The RHRSP model is also applicable for other highways with the same geological and morphological settings.
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Jaboyedoff, M., J. P. Dudt, and V. Labiouse. "An attempt to refine rockfall hazard zoning based on the kinetic energy, frequency and fragmentation degree." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 5, no. 5 (August 11, 2005): 621–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-5-621-2005.

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Abstract. Rockfall hazard zoning is usually achieved using a qualitative estimate of hazard, and not an absolute scale. In Switzerland, danger maps, which correspond to a hazard zoning depending on the intensity of the considered phenomenon (e.g. kinetic energy for rockfalls), are replacing hazard maps. Basically, the danger grows with the mean frequency and with the intensity of the rockfall. This principle based on intensity thresholds may also be applied to other intensity threshold values than those used in Switzerland for rockfall hazard zoning method, i.e. danger mapping. In this paper, we explore the effect of slope geometry and rockfall frequency on the rockfall hazard zoning. First, the transition from 2D zoning to 3D zoning based on rockfall trajectory simulation is examined; then, its dependency on slope geometry is emphasized. The spatial extent of hazard zones is examined, showing that limits may vary widely depending on the rockfall frequency. This approach is especially dedicated to highly populated regions, because the hazard zoning has to be very fine in order to delineate the greatest possible territory containing acceptable risks.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rockfal hazard"

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PARANUNZIO, ROBERTA. "Statistical inference of the relations among air temperature, land-use change, and rockfall hazard." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2675019.

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Climate change has widespread impacts on human and natural systems worldwide. The pronounced air temperature warming detected worldwide could explain unusual events, as for example the increment of extreme precipitation events, increased incidence of summer heatwaves and slope instability. The possible presence of non-climatic forcings affecting temperature records, as for example land-use and land-cover changes, could introduce significant bias in the records and uncertainty on global overall temperature trends. This could somehow alterate, on the one hand, the perception of global warming, and on the other hand, all temperature-related analyses and models. Nevertheless, a robust assessment of climate warming patterns entails not only the analysis of all climate variables involved, but also the full understanding of the impacts on the natural systems, as for example the cryosphere, that could be used as terrestrial indicators of climate change. Chapter 1 shed light on the main scientific question investigated in the thesis, presenting the proposed investigation strategy, and the techniques applied. After an introduction on the issue of increasing air temperature vaiability in the current context of climate change, the two macrotopics of the thesis are presented and briefly outlined (Chapter 2 and 3). In Chapter 2, we investigate the nexus between temperature variations and urbanization trends, by analysing data recorded from weather instruments worldwide. After an extended introduction on the Urban Heat Island effect and its implications for climate warming trends at regional and global scale, we propose several methods to investigate the presence of a possible relation between air temperature variations and urbanizations dynamics with time, based on nightlights satellite measurements as proxy of urbanization. We applied a global scale analysis on more than 5000 temperature stations from the Berkeley Earth dataset in the period 1992-2013. Results highlight the tendency of urbanization to affect temperature trend at continental and regional scales. Significant positive concordant trends in temperature and nightlights variations have been detected, especially in developing and emerging regions, where the effects of growing urbanization are more evident. In Chapter 3 we turn to investigate the effects of air temperature variations on the hydrogeological hazard risk in those environments that are among the most sensitive to climate change, i.e. the high elevation sites. In alpine areas, and in particular in high mountain areas, the potential effects of environmental changes on air temperature data are minimum, since these areas are only slightly affected by urbanization dynamics and land-use changes. More in detail, in Chapter 3, we propose a statistical-based tool for the detection of the role of temperature, in association with other climate-related variables (as precipitation), in the triggering of slope stability. This approach is aimed to point out the potential climatic triggering climate factors for the slope failure. It has thought up as a tool for a better comprehension of the possible effects of air temperature variations on environmental dynamics, also in the presence of sparse and poor-quality data. We performed this method on a catalogue of 41 rockfalls in the Italian Alps, focusing on the role of temperature on slope instability preparation and initiation, and on cryosphere-related dynamics. The final purpose is detecting a possible linkage between slope failures and meteorological anomalies, and results suggest a major role of temperature as a preparatory/triggering factor. Rockfalls occurred in association with significant temperature anomalies in 83% of our case studies, and different regional patterns emerge from the data. Based on these results, temperature can be considered as a key factor contributing to slope failure occurrence in different ways, in presence of both warm and cool temperature anomalies. Chapter 4 presents a critical analysis in terms of how much it could be really answered of the main scientific questions with this work, what are the limitations encountered, which questions remain open and the possible further developments.
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Cain, Samuel Franklin. "Rating Rockfall Hazard in Tennessee." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9972.

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Rockfall from rock slopes adjacent to roadways is a major hazard and poses a problem for transportation agencies across the country. The state of Tennessee has implemented the Tennessee Rockfall Management System (RMS) as a means of reducing the liabilities associated with rockfall hazard. It utilizes digital data acquisition via PDAs coupled with distribution via an expandable web-based GIS database. The Tennessee Rockfall Hazard Rating System (RHRS) is part of the Tennessee RMS and assigns a numeric hazard rating according relative hazard for all slopes identified as having a high potential for delivering rock blocks onto Tennessee Department of Transportation maintained roadways. The Tennessee RHRS uses standard rock slope failure mechanisms (planar failure, wedge failure, topple failure, differential weathering, and raveling) along with the site and roadway geometry to assess the rockfall hazard of an individual slope. This study suggests methods that will expedite fieldwork, including an informational guide on how to properly identify individual failure mechanisms in the field. Also, the study examines the current method of scoring abundance and suggests an alternative, multiplicative approach. The alternative of using a multiplicative abundance is considered and its results summarized.
Master of Science
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Peng, Baishan. "Rockfall Trajectory Analysis : Parameter Determination and Application." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Science, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5802.

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Computer simulation of rockfalls has been widely used in rockfall analysis in recent years, and the coefficient of restitution is an important parameter input that is difficult to determine. Aimed at finding an easy solution to this problem, three stages of laboratory and field tests have been carried out. Rockfall trajectory analysis at a specific site has been done as an application to verify the method developed. In the first stage of laboratory testing, quasi-spherical rock "'balls" made from different rock samples were dropped from 1 m onto polished rock slabs that were clamped on a concrete deck, which can be set to different slope angles. A high-speed video camera was used to record the impact processes, and normal and tangential coefficients of restitution were calculated from the video records. The results show a linear relationship between the normal restitution coefficient and the Schmidt hammer numbers of both the rock slabs and the falling rock "balls", and the slope angle. An empirical equation was then established to calculate the normal coefficient of restitution from those three parameters. However, the correlations between the tangential coefficient of restitution and the above parameters are poor, indicating that the tangential coefficient of restitution is not adequately determined by such rock properties. The second stage of laboratory testing was under more practical conditions. Three different rough rock blocks were used as rock slopes. Angular rock boulders were dropped from different heights onto the rock blocks, and a rock "ball" was also used to make a comparison. The results show that the normal coefficients of restitution from impacts of angular rocks are much smaller than those of rock "'balls", and have a linear correlation with those calculated from the empirical equation obtained by the earlier test. Tests on beds of gravel, soil, rock fragments and sand have also been carried out to obtain the coefficients of restitution of those materials. Finally, field tests have been carried out at a quarry site in Lyttelton Basalt rock boulders of about 0.3 m in diameter were dropped from about 4 m onto rock and debris slopes using an excavator. The values of restitution coefficients obtained are similar to those from laboratory tests but larger than those calculated from the empirical equations due to the effect of weathering and surface roughness of rocks in the field on the Schmidt hammer measurement. Forty basalt boulders were then rolled down a bench slope of about 16 m, three cameras were used to record the rockfall processes. Two different rockfall simulation programs (CRSP and RocFall) were used to simulate the rockfall processes. The simulated bounce heights and velocities from CRSP are close the field trial, while those from RocFall are smaller than the field results. Comprehensive rockfall analysis has been carried out for the Marine apartments, Sumner, where a steep cliff of 35-45 m represents potential rockfall hazards to a car park and proposed buildings at the base. Site investigation, rockfall simulation and risk assessment have been carried out for the site. The results show that without any protection measures, a majority of rocks from the cliff face reach the edge of the car park. The probability of an accident at the car park is moderate (1 in 195 years), while the probability of fatality at the car park is low (8.69* 10-6) and acceptable under the proposed risk criteria for "Major Civil Engineering Projects".
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Rose, Brett Tyler. "Tennessee Rockfall Management System." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29263.

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The Rockfall Management System developed for Tennessee DOT (TennRMS)integrates a customized rockfall risk rating system, web-based GIS application, and rockfall database to provide a robust single interface for interacting with rock slope information. The system should prove to be a valuable tool for the proactive management of rock slopes. The most important use of the system will be to identify and prioritizing rock slopes with the greatest potential for rockfall in order to provide decision makers with all the necessary information they need to plan remediation efforts. Over time, TennRMS can be used to track costs and effectiveness of different remediation methods used on problem rock slopes. Three papers have been developed for publication in peer reviewed journals. The papers describe the work done in support of developing Tennessee's Rockfall Management System (TennRMS) and its components. The system can be described by its conceptual framework and actual implemented components. Asset management incorporating risk & decision analysis and knowledge management makes up the conceptual framework. The system components include a field data collection system using PDA's, a rockfall database and a web-based GIS interface. The papers articulate the development and implementation of the various components and to provide a detailed review of rockfall management systems as implemented over the past 15 years.
Ph. D.
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Jacklitch, Carl Jonathan. "A Geotechnical Investigation of the 2013 Fatal Rockfall in Rockville, Utah." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1464978379.

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Kanari, Mor. "Evaluation of rockfall hazard to Qiryat Shemona - possible correlation to earthquakes." Jerusalem : Ministry of National Infrastructure. Geological Survey of Israel, 2008. http://www.gsi.gov.il/Eng/_Uploads/231GSI-24-2008.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tel Aviv University, Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences,
This work was submitted as M.Sc. Thesis to the Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, Tel Aviv University / T.P. "September 2008" At head of title: Tel-Aviv University. Raymond and Beverly Sackler faculty of exact sciences. Includes bibliographical references.
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Vick, Louise Mary. "Evaluation of field data and 3D modelling for rockfall hazard analysis." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10845.

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The Canterbury Earthquake Sequence (CES) of 2010-2011 produced large seismic moments up to Mw 7.1. These large, near-to-surface (<15 km) ruptures triggered >6,000 rockfall boulders on the Port Hills of Christchurch, many of which impacted houses and affected the livelihoods of people within the impacted area. From these disastrous and unpredicted natural events a need arose to be able to assess the areas affected by rockfall events in the future, where it is known that a rockfall is possible from a specific source outcrop but the potential boulder runout and dynamics are not understood. The distribution of rockfall deposits is largely constrained by the physical properties and processes of the boulder and its motion such as block density, shape and size, block velocity, bounce height, impact and rebound angle, as well as the properties of the substrate. Numerical rockfall models go some way to accounting for all the complex factors in an algorithm, commonly parameterised in a user interface where site-specific effects can be calibrated. Calibration of these algorithms requires thorough field checks and often experimental practises. The purpose of this project, which began immediately following the most destructive rupture of the CES (February 22, 2011), is to collate data to characterise boulder falls, and to use this information, supplemented by a set of anthropogenic boulder fall data, to perform an in-depth calibration of the three-dimensional numerical rockfall model RAMMS::Rockfall. The thesis covers the following topics: • Use of field data to calibrate RAMMS. Boulder impact trails in the loess-colluvium soils at Rapaki Bay have been used to estimate ranges of boulder velocities and bounce heights. RAMMS results replicate field data closely; it is concluded that the model is appropriate for analysing the earthquake-triggered boulder trails at Rapaki Bay, and that it can be usefully applied to rockfall trajectory and hazard assessment at this and similar sites elsewhere. • Detailed analysis of dynamic rockfall processes, interpreted from recorded boulder rolling experiments, and compared to RAMMS simulated results at the same site. Recorded rotational and translational velocities of a particular boulder show that the boulder behaves logically and dynamically on impact with different substrate types. Simulations show that seasonal changes in soil moisture alter rockfall dynamics and runout predictions within RAMMS, and adjustments are made to the calibration to reflect this; suggesting that in hazard analysis a rockfall model should be calibrated to dry rather than wet soil conditions to anticipate the most serious outcome. • Verifying the model calibration for a separate site on the Port Hills. The results of the RAMMS simulations show the effectiveness of calibration against a real data set, as well as the effectiveness of vegetation as a rockfall barrier/retardant. The results of simulations are compared using hazard maps, where the maximum runouts match well the mapped CES fallen boulder maximum runouts. The results of the simulations in terms of frequency distribution of deposit locations on the slope are also compared with those of the CES data, using the shadow angle tool to apportion slope zones. These results also replicate real field data well. Results show that a maximum runout envelope can be mapped, as well as frequency distribution of deposited boulders for hazard (and thus risk) analysis purposes. The accuracy of the rockfall runout envelope and frequency distribution can be improved by comprehensive vegetation and substrate mapping. The topics above define the scope of the project, limiting the focus to rockfall processes on the Port Hills, and implications for model calibration for the wider scientific community. The results provide a useful rockfall analysis methodology with a defensible and replicable calibration process, that has the potential to be applied to other lithologies and substrates. Its applications include a method of analysis for the selection and positioning of rockfall countermeasure design; site safety assessment for scaling and demolition works; and risk analysis and land planning for future construction in Christchurch.
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Domènech, i. Surinyach Guillem. "Assessment of the magnitude-frequency relationship of landslides and rockfalls : application to hazard mapping." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/347218.

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Due to the exponential grown of the population within the last decades, the landslide hazard assessment of earthflows and rockfalls and their hazard mapping have become an essential tool for the territory management, mostly in mountainous areas. The landslide hazard was defined as the probability of occurrence of a potentially damaging phenomenon in a certain area and within a given period of time. Thus, the probability of occurrence (or frequency) for each type of landslide and magnitude must be known. The aim of this research is to develop an objective, quantitative and reproducible methodology to obtain the magnitude-frequency relations for medium and large size earthflows and rockfalls. This procedure has been set up in the Barcedana Valley and Montsec Range for large earthflows and rockfalls, respectively. Both study areas are located within the Tremp Basin (Eastern Pyrenees). Concerning the earthflows, they have been split between 1) reactivations and 2) intact slopes. The frequency of the reactivations has been obtained by analysing 11 sets of orthophotos covering a period from 1956 to 2013. The magnitude has been calculated as the area of the landslides obtained from the landslide mapping and from the orthophotos. The resulting magnitude-frequency relation for reactivations has been used to derive the probability of landslide reactivation for a given volume. It has been compared with probability of landslide reactivation obtained from the rainfall threshold responsible for the reactivation of 4-large landslides located within the Tremp Basin as well. The reactivation date has been estimated by means of dendrogeomorphology and the rainfall threshold has been determined by means of ROC analysis. The susceptibility of first-time slope failures have been obtained using a deterministic model named SINMAP. The frequency for each susceptibility class has been calculated using the inventory of first-time failures identified in the field and by means of orthophotos. An algorithm to obtain the area of the earthflows larger than the pixel size has been developed through an automatic aggregation of pixels located within the same slope and having the same susceptibility class. The obtained magnitude-frequency relation of first-time failures has been compared with the one obtained from the mapped first-time failures. Finally, the magnitude-frequency matrix for hazard mapping of intact slopes has been defined. Concerning the rockfalls, a methodology to obtain the rockfall scar size distribution of a cliff has been defined. It has been assumed the rockfall scar volumes as proxy for the rockfall volumes. In that case, the distribution of rockfall scars has been calculated using a high resolution point cloud of the rockwall obtained by a terrestrial laser scanner and following. Several volume distributions have been calculated to take into account the different detachment mechanisms and the consequent range of detached volumes. Finally, a procedure has been developed to convert form statistical frequency (% of scar volumes), calculated in the previous step, to temporal frequency (annual number of the scar volumes). To this, the total volume of material lost has been computed using the afore-mentioned point cloud. The elapsed time within the total volume has been removed has been estimated by dating the initial surface, from which the current rockfall activity started, by means of terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide, 36Cl.
Degut al creixement exponencial de la població durant les últimes dècades, l’avaluació de la perillositat de colades de terra i despreniments i la seva zonificació han esdevingut eines fonamentals pel que fa a la planificació del territori, sobretot en zones muntanyoses. La perillositat degut a fenòmens de vessant va ser definida com la probabilitat d’ocurrència d’un fenomen potencialment danyí en una determinada àrea i per un determinat període de temps. D’aquesta manera, és necessari conèixer la probabilitat d’ocurrència (o freqüència) per cada tipus d’esllavissada i magnitud. L’objectiu d’aquesta tesis és el desenvolupament d’una metodologia objectiva, quantitativa i reproduïble que permeti l’obtenció de les relacions magnitud-freqüència per colades de terra, de mida mitja i gran i per despreniments. Aquest procediment s’ha aplicat a la Vall de Barcedana i la Serra del Montsec per grans colades de terra i despreniments, respectivament. Les dues àrees d’estudi estan situades dins de la Conca de Tremp (Pirineu Oriental). Pel que fa a les colades de terra, s’ha distingit entre 1) reactivacions i 2) vessants intactes. La freqüència de les reactivacions s’ha obtingut a partir de l’anàlisi d’11 grups d’ortofotos que cobreixen des del 1956 al 2013. La magnitud s’ha calculat com l’àrea de les trencades mitjançant la cartografia d’esllavissades i les ortofotos. La relació magnitud-freqüència resultant de les reactivacions ha servit per obtenir la probabilitat de reactivació per un determinat volum. Aquesta ha estat comparada amb la probabilitat de reactivació determinada a partir dels llindars de pluja que han donat lloc a la reactivació de 4 grans esllavissades, també situades dins la Conca de Tremp. Les dates de reactivació han estat aproximades mitjançant la dendrogeomorfologia i els llindars s’han determinat mitjançant l’anàlisi ROC. La susceptibilitat de les primeres trenades s’ha obtingut mitjançant un model determinista anomenat SINMAP. La freqüència per cada classe de susceptibilitat s’ha calculat mitjançant un inventari de primeres trencades identificades al camp i a través d’ortofotos. S’ha desenvolupat un algoritme per tal d’obtenir l’àrea de les colades de terra més grans que la mida del píxel a través de l’agregació automàtic de píxels situats en un mateix vessant i que presenten una mateix classe de susceptibilitat. Finalment, s’ha definit la matriu magnitudfreqüència per la zonificació de la perillositat dels vessants intactes. Pel que fa als despreniments, s’ha definit una metodologia per obtenir la distribució de volums de cicatrius de despreniments d’un penya-segat. S’ha assumit que els volums de cicatrius de despreniments poden ser una primera aproximació dels volum de despreniments. En aquest cas, la distribució de les cicatrius de despreniments s’ha calculat utilitzant un núvol de punts d’alta resolució de la paret obtingut amb un LIDAR terrestre. S’han calculat vàries distribucions de volums per tal de tenir en compte els diferents mecanismes de despreniment i el conseqüent rang de volums despresos. Finalment, s’ha proposat una metodologia per tal de convertir la freqüència estadística (% de volums de cicatrius), calculada en el pas anterior, a freqüència temporal (número anual de volums de cicatrius). Per això, el volum total de material desprès s’ha calculat mitjançant el núvol de punts, mencionat anteriorment. El període de temps durant el qual s’ha desprès tot el volum de material s’ha estimat mitjançant la datació de la superfície inicial a partir de la qual va començar l’actual activitat de despreniments. Aquesta datació s’ha fet mitjançant l’isòtop cosmogenic, 36Cl.
Debido al crecimiento exponencial de la población durante las últimas décadas, la evaluación de la peligrosidad de coladas de tierra y desprendimientos i su zonificación se ha convertido en herramientas indispensables para la planificación del territorio, sobretodo en zonas montañosas. La peligrosidad debido a fenómenos de vertiente fue definida como la probabilidad de ocurrencia de un fenómeno potencialmente dañino en una determinada área y en un determinado período de tiempo. Así, es necesario conocer la probabilidad de ocurrencia (o frecuencia) para cada tipo de deslizamiento y magnitud. El objetivo de esta tesis es el desarrollo de una metodología objetiva, cuantitativa y reproducible que permita la obtención de las relaciones magnitud-frecuencia para coladas de tierra, de tamaño medio y grande y para desprendimientos. Este procedimiento se ha aplicado en Valle de Barcedana y en la Sierra del Montsec para grandes coladas de tierra y desprendimientos, respectivamente. Las dos áreas de estudio están situadas dentro de la Cuenca de Tremp (Pirineo Oriental). En cuanto a las coladas de tierra, se ha distinguido entre 1) reactivaciones y 2) vertientes intactos. La frecuencia de las reactivaciones se ha obtenido a partir del análisis de 11 grupos de ortofotos que engloban des del 1956 hasta el 2013. La magnitud se ha calculado como el área de las roturas mediante la cartografía de deslizamientos y ortofotos. La relación magnitud-frecuencia de las reactivaciones ha permitido obtener la probabilidad de reactivación per un determinado volumen. Esta ha sido comparada con la probabilidad de reactivación determinada a partir de los umbrales de lluvia que han dado lugar a la reactivación de 4 grandes deslizamientos, también situados dentro de la Cuenca de Tremp. Las fechas de reactivación han sido aproximadas mediante la dendrogeomorfología y los umbrales se han determinado mediante el análisis ROC. La susceptibilidad de las primeras roturas se ha obtenido mediante un modelo determinista llamado SINMAP. La frecuencia para cada clase de susceptibilidad se ha calculado mediante un inventario de primeras roturas identificadas en el campo y a través de ortofotos. Se ha desarrollado un algoritmo para obtener el área de las coladas de tierra más grandes que el tamaño del píxel a través de la agregación automática de píxeles situados en una misma vertiente y que presentan una misma clase de susceptibilidad. Finalmente, se ha definido la matriz magnitud-frecuencia para la zonificación de la peligrosidad de las vertientes intactas. En lo que concierne a los desprendimientos, se ha definido una metodología para obtener la distribución de volúmenes de cicatrices de desprendimientos de un acantilado. Se ha asumido que los volúmenes de cicatrices de desprendimientos pueden ser una primera aproximación de los volúmenes de desprendimientos. En este caso, la distribución de las cicatrices de desprendimientos se ha calculado utilizando una nube de puntos de alta resolución de la pared obtenida con un LIDAR terrestre. Se han calculado varias distribuciones de volúmenes para tener en cuenta los diferentes mecanismos de desprendimiento y el consecuente rango de volúmenes desprendidos. Finalmente, se ha propuesto una metodología para transformar la frecuencia estadística (% de volúmenes de cicatrices), calculada en el paso anterior, en frecuencia temporal (número anual de volúmenes de cicatrices). Para esto, el volumen de material desprendido se ha calculado mediante la susodicha nube de puntos. El período de tiempo durante el cual se ha desprendido la totalidad del volumen de material se ha estimado mediante la datación de la superficie inicial a partir de la cual empezó la actual actividad de desprendimientos. Esta datación se ha hecho mediante el isótopo cosmogénico 36Cl.
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9

Brilli, Nicolò. "Valutazione del rischio da caduta massi con Rockfall Hazard Rating System lungo la strada comunale della Montagna (Sansepolcro,AR)." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.

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In questa tesi è stata valutata la pericolosità e quindi il relativo rischio da crollo. In particolare riferendoci ad ammassi affioranti lungo tratti stradali sono stati considerati due metodi classificativi, che ci hanno permesso di evidenziare sezioni a diverso rischio. Le metodologie utilizzate per la classificazione sono: - RHRS Pierson et al. 1990; - RHRS Russell et al. 2008. Ogni metodologia utilizza particolari tabelle che restituiscono punteggi la cui sommatoria cumulativa costituisce il Total Hazard Risk Score caratteristico di ogni sezione. Dopo aver discusso i risultati ottenuti ed aver analizzato i fattori determinanti per la diversa caratterizzazione del tratto stradale in sezioni a diverso rischio, è stata analizzata la compatibilità e le differenze tra i due metodi classificativi adottati.
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Misconel, Michele. "Analisi del rischio da caduta massi con Rockfall Hazard Rating System lungo la strada statale 612 (Molina di Fiemme, TN)." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/12224/.

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Il presente lavoro ha lo scopo di analizzare con il metodo Rockfall Hazard Rating System (Pierson et al, 1990) un tratto di strada lungo la SS612 nei comuni di Molina di Fiemme (Tn) e Anterivo (Bz) in tre zone distinte e valutarne il rischio rispetto ai fenomeni di crollo.
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Books on the topic "Rockfal hazard"

1

Rockfall: Characterization and control. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board, 2012.

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Pierson, Lawrence A. Rockfall hazard classification and mitigation system. Helena, MT: Montana Dept. of Transportation, Research Programs, 2005.

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National Highway Institute (U.S.) and SNI International Resources Inc, eds. Participant workbook for rockfall hazard mitigation methods. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, National Highway Institute, 1994.

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National Highway Institute (U.S.), ed. Rockfall hazard rating system: Participant's manual : NHI course no. 130220. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, National Highway Institute, 1993.

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Modeling Gravity Hazards from Rockfalls to Landslides. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2015-0-01294-1.

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Villard, Pascal, and Vincent Richefeu. Modeling Gravity Hazards from Rockfalls to Landslides. Elsevier, 2016.

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Villard, Pascal, and Vincent Richefeu. Modeling Gravity Hazards from Rockfalls to Landslides. Elsevier, 2016.

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Williams, Michael J. The perception of, and adjustment to, rockfall hazard at the Glamorgan Heritage Coast. 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rockfal hazard"

1

Labiouse, Vincent, and Jacopo Maria Abbruzzese. "Rockfall Hazard Zoning for Land Use Planning." In Rockfall Engineering, 211–53. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118601532.ch7.

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Guzzetti, Fausto. "Rockfall." In Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards, 875–77. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4399-4_302.

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Pradhan, Biswajeet, and Ali Mutar Fanos. "Rockfall Hazard Assessment: An Overview." In Laser Scanning Applications in Landslide Assessment, 299–322. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55342-9_15.

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Guzzetti, Fausto, and Paola Reichenbach. "Rockfalls and Their Hazard." In Advances in Global Change Research, 129–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8736-2_12.

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Copons, Ramon, Joan Manuel Vilaplana, Jordi Corominas, Joan Altimir, and Jordi Amigó. "Rockfall Risk Management in High-Density Urban Areas. The Andorran Experience." In Landslide Hazard and Risk, 675–98. Chichester, West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470012659.ch23.

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Jaboyedoff, Michel, Mariam Ben Hammouda, Marc-Henri Derron, Antoine Guérin, Didier Hantz, and François Noel. "The Rockfall Failure Hazard Assessment: Summary and New Advances." In Understanding and Reducing Landslide Disaster Risk, 55–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60196-6_3.

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Maheshwari, Shreya, Riya Bhowmik, and Manojit Samanta. "Rockfall Hazard: A Comprehensive Review of Current Mitigation Practices." In Landslides: Detection, Prediction and Monitoring, 175–209. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23859-8_9.

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Valagussa, Andrea, Paolo Frattini, and Giovanni B. Crosta. "Quantitative Probabilistic Hazard Analysis of Earthquake-Induced Rockfalls." In Landslide Science for a Safer Geoenvironment, 213–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04996-0_33.

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Pradhan, Biswajeet, and Ali Mutar Fanos. "Application of LiDAR in Rockfall Hazard Assessment in Tropical Region." In Laser Scanning Applications in Landslide Assessment, 323–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55342-9_16.

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Yepes, Jorge, Cándida García-González, and Miguel Angel Franesqui. "Rockfall Hazard Mitigation Using Ditch Charts Modeled with CRSP-3D." In Advancing Culture of Living with Landslides, 487–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53487-9_57.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rockfal hazard"

1

Matas, Gerard, Albert Prades, M. Amparo Núñez-Andrés, Felipe Buill, and Nieves Lantada. "Implementation of a fixed-location time lapse photogrammetric rock slope monitoring system in Castellfollit de la Roca, Spain." In 5th Joint International Symposium on Deformation Monitoring. Valencia: Editorial de la Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/jisdm2022.2022.13656.

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When monitoring deformations in natural hazards such as rockfalls and landslides, the use of 3D models has become a standard. Several geomatic techniques allow the generation of these models. However, each one has its pros and cons regarding accuracy, cost, sample frequency, etc. In this contribution a fixed-location time lapse camera system for continuous rockfall monitoring using photogrammetry has been developed as an alternative to Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and ground-based interferometric synthetic-aperture radar (GB-InSAR). The usage of stereo photogrammetry allows the obtention of 3D points clouds at a low cost and with a high sample frequency, essential to detect premonitory displacements. In this work the designed system consists of three digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) cameras which collect photographs of the rock slope daily controlled by a Raspberry Pi computer using the open-source library gPhoto2. Photographs are automatically uploaded to a server using 3G network for processing. This system was implemented at Castellfollit de la Roca village (Girona province, Spain), which sits on a basaltic cliff that has shown significant rockfall intensity in recent years. The 3D models obtained will allow monitoring rockfalls frequency, premonitory displacements, and calculate the erosion rate of the slope. All technical decisions taken for the design and implementation on this specific site are discussed and first results shown.
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Thomas, Ethan. "VERMONT'S ROCKFALL HAZARD RATING SYSTEM." In 53rd Annual GSA Northeastern Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018ne-310388.

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Tsuda, Yuto, Ikumasa Yoshida, Hasuka Kanno, and Shuji Moriguchi. "Assessment of Rockfall Hazard Considering Three Dimensional Topography." In Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Geotechnical Safety and Risk (ISGSR 2019). Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-11-2725-0-is16-14-cd.

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Mistick, Katherine Ann, Samuel J. Hampton, and Josh Borella. "HOW PRIMARY VOLCANIC EMPLACEMENT AND COOLING MECHANISMS INFLUENCE ROCKFALL HAZARD." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-301667.

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Peternel, Tina, Jernej Jež, Blaž Milanič, Anže Markelj, and Milan Kobal. "Determination and studying rockfall hazard using process modelling in the case of rockfalls along the railway link between Renke – Zagorje (central Slovenia)." In 4th Regional Symposium on Landslides in the Adriatic - Balkan Region. Društvo za geotehniku u Bosni i Hercegovini, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35123/resylab_2019_37.

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Disenhof, Corinne R., Krystle Pelham, Neil F. Olson, and Jean Benoit. "ROCKFALL HAZARD ASSESSMENT USING DIGITAL GEOSPATIAL DATA AND SMART ROCK TECHNOLOGY." In 53rd Annual GSA Northeastern Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018ne-311058.

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O'Shea, Thomas, Samantha Farmer, and Arpita Nandi. "COMMUNICATING ROCKFALL HAZARDS IN GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK." In Joint 69th Annual Southeastern / 55th Annual Northeastern GSA Section Meeting - 2020. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020se-344268.

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Huang, Meng-Wei, and Chin-Yu Lee. "Disaster prevention of rockfall hazard risk at Laiyi Village, Pingtung County, Taiwan." In 2011 International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks (CECNet). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cecnet.2011.5769199.

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SANDHYAVITRI, ARI, MICHAEL MOELK, and REIENER POISEL. "Simulating and Mitigating of Rockfall Hazards in Amstetten District Austria." In Third International Conference on Advances In Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering- ACSEE 2015. Institute of Research Engineers and Doctors, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-113.

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Schlotfeldt, Paul. "A Method for Rockfall Hazard Assessments — Chapmans Peak Drive, Cape Town, South Africa." In First Southern Hemisphere International Rock Mechanics Symposium. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_repo/808_140.

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Reports on the topic "Rockfal hazard"

1

Evans, S. G. Engineering Aspects of Rockfall Hazards in Canada. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/130673.

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Lanik, Amanda, Jason Rogers, and Ronald Karpilo. Lake Clark National Park and Preserve: Geologic resources inventory report. National Park Service, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2288490.

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Geologic Resources Inventory reports provide information and resources to help park managers make decisions for visitor safety, planning and protection of infrastructure, and preservation of natural and cultural resources. Information in GRI reports may also be useful for interpretation. This report synthesizes discussions from a scoping meeting held in 2005 and a follow-up conference call in 2018. Chapters of this report discuss the geologic setting and significance, geologic features and processes, and geologic resource management issues within Lake Clark National Park and Preserve. Information about the previously completed GRI map data is also provided. GRI map posters (separate product) illustrate these data. Geologic features, processes, and resource management issues identified include volcanoes and volcanic hazards, bedrock, faults and folds, landslides and rockfall, earthquakes, tsunamis, mineral development and abandoned mineral lands, paleontological resources, glaciers and glacier monitoring, lakes, permafrost, and coastal features.
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