Journal articles: 'Rocket (Eruca sativa L.)'

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Kadri Bozokalfa, M., Dursun Eşiyok, Hülya İlbi, Süleyman Kavak, and Tansel Kaygısız Aşçıoğul. "Evaluation of phenotypic diversity and geographical variation of cultivated (Eruca sativa L.) and wild (Diplotaxis tenuifolia L.) rocket plant." Plant Genetic Resources 9, no. 3 (May 10, 2011): 454–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262111000657.

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Rocket (Eruca spp. and Diplotaxis spp.) is widely cultivated as a green vegetable in Mediterranean countries, Europe, United States and Brazil, but few rocket cultivars are available and limited variety selection has taken place. Plant genetic resources and germplasm are fundamental sources for plant breeding, and the assessment of the genetic diversity among germplasm accessions is useful to facilitate the more efficient use of plant genetic resources. The objective of this study was to characterize phenotypic diversity and relationships among genotypes of Eruca and Diplotaxis originating from 11 countries across three regions (Europe, Africa and Asia). Principal component analyses explained over 85% of total variation for 51 qualitative and quantitative agromorphological traits. Cluster analyses divided the accessions into five major clusters according to plant traits, siliqua properties and geographical origin of genotype with a few exceptions. These findings indicate a number of useful traits in the gene pool and a wide range of phenotypic variation that provides a good source of diversity for use in modern Eruca breeding programmes.

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Plaksenkova, Ilona, Marija Jermaļonoka, Linda Bankovska, Inese Gavarāne, Vjačeslavs Gerbreders, Eriks Sledevskis, Jānis Sniķeris, and Inese Kokina. "Effects of Fe3O4 Nanoparticle Stress on the Growth and Development of Rocket Eruca sativa." Journal of Nanomaterials 2019 (April 28, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2678247.

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Plants exposed to stress use the variety of gene regulatory mechanisms to achieve cellular homeostasis, including posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression where microRNAs (miRNAs) play a pivotal role. Since various environmental stress factors such as nanoparticles affect crop productivity and quality, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the genotoxicity level and to estimate miRNA expression level and chlorophyll a level in the magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticle-stressed rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) seedlings grown in hydroponics. Rocket seedlings were exposed to 1 mg/L, 2 mg/L, and 4 mg/L Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and after 5 weeks, seed germination rate, root-shoot elongation, genotoxicity, chlorophyll a, and miRNA expression levels were evaluated. The obtained results indicated that 1 mg/L, 2 mg/L, and 4 mg/L concentrations of Fe3O4 nanoparticles induce low genotoxicity and have a positive effect on the growth and development of rocket seedlings and that nanoparticles may improve the ability of plants to stand against environmental stresses.

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KAVGA, Angeliki, Georgios TRYPANAGNOSTOPOULOS, George ZERVOUDAKIS, and Yiannis TRIPANAGNOSTOPOULOS. "Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and Rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) Plants Cultivated under Photovoltaic Panels." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 46, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha46110846.

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Energy demand of greenhouses is an important factor for their economics and photovoltaics can be considered an alternative solution to cover their electrical and heating needs. On the other hand, plants cultivated under different solar radiation intensities usually appear different physiological adaptations. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of photovoltaic panels’ induced partial shading on growth and physiological characteristics of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) plants. Our results indicate that lettuce productivity and the corresponding photosynthetic rate were not affected under the photovoltaic cultivation in comparison with the reference one. On the other hand, the rocket cultivation was less productive and showed lower photosynthetic rate under photovoltaic panels than in the reference greenhouse. The different physiological response between lettuce and rocket seems to be associated with the effect of environmental factors such as solar radiation intensity, temperature and humidity apart from the possible inherent characteristics of each plant species.

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Alqasoumi, Saleh. "Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity: Protective Effect of 'Rocket' Eruca sativa L. in Rats." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 38, no. 01 (January 2010): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x10007671.

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The hepatoprotective and antioxidant effect of an ethanolic extract of 'Rocket' Eruca sativa L. (EER), on liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride ( CCl4 ) was investigated. Wistar albino rats were administered 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight extract orally for 10 consecutive days. Marker enzymes GOT, GPT, ALP, GGT and bilirubin were estimated in serum. Whereas, non-protein sulfhydryl (NP-SH), total protein (TP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were estimated in liver tissue as markers for oxidative stress. Histopathological assessment was also done on liver tissue. CCl4 induced liver poisoning in all treated animals was evident by elevated serum GOT, GPT, ALP, GGT and bilirubin levels. Induction of oxidative stress in the liver tissue by CCl4 was evidenced by a fall in the levels of NP-SH and TP; and an increased level of MDA concentration. EER administration for 10 days prevented the CCl4 induced hepatic injury and oxidative stress. Furthermore, the extract also reduced the pentobarbital-induced prolongation of sleeping time in mice. The ability of rocket extract to protect the liver toxicity in rats was further confirmed by histological findings in the liver tissue. In conclusion, it was observed that Eruca sativa L. extract protects the liver against CCl4 induced hepatic injury through its potent antioxidant activity in rats.

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Misson Fathal- rahman Osman and Elnasri Mohamed Mutwali. "Allelopathic effects of Amaranthus viridis L. on germination and growth of Eruca sativa L." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 13, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 316–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.13.2.0149.

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A pot experiment was conducted at Alzaiem Alazhari University during 2020/2021 to study the effect of Amaranthus viridis powder incorporated into the soil on germination and growth of garden rocket (Eruca sativa). The experiment was arranged in completely randomized design (CRD) with four replicates. Five concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% w/w) on basis of Amaranthus viridis powder incorporated in the soil. Results indicated that Amaranthus viridis powder decreased germination, shoot length, leaf area, shoot and root fresh and dry weight as well as chlorophyll content and some chemical elements (P, Ca, Mg, Fe).

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Kaya, Gamze. "Gamze Kaya GERMINATION, STOMATAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF ROCKET (Eruca sativa L.) TO SALINITY." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus 20, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2021.4.12.

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The response of rocket (Eruca sativa L.) to salinity stress was tested for several germination and physiological parameters during seedling development. Two rocket cultivars (Ilıca and Istanbul) and various salinity stresses of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 dS m–1 created by NaCl were used in the study. Germination percentage (GP), mean germination time (MGT), germination index (GI), germination stress tolerance index (GSTI), stomata morphology, chlorophyll content (SPAD value), leaf dry matter, relative water content (RWC), cellular injury (CI) and cell membrane stability (CMS) were evaluated. Results showed that high salinity stresses led to a decrease in GP, GI and GSTI index, while MGT increased. Salinity reduced stoma length and pore length. Under saline conditions, leaf dry matter, chlorophyll content and CMS increased, while RWC decreased. Also, CI was enhanced by salinities over 10 dS m–1. It was concluded that lower CMS, CI and RWC, and greater dry matter and chlorophyll were considered as salinity tolerance at the seedling stage of the rocket, and Istanbul was more tolerant to salinity than Ilıca.

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Khan, Asif Ullah, Faizan Ullah, Naeem Khan, Sultan Mehmood, Shah Fahad, Rahul Datta, Inam Irshad, et al. "Production of Organic Fertilizers from Rocket Seed (Eruca Sativa L.), Chicken Peat and Moringa Oleifera Leaves for Growing Linseed under Water Deficit Stress." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010059.

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Linseed is an important industrial crop cultivated for its edible seeds and fiber linen. Organic fertilizers have beneficial effects on soil properties and quality of crops. Therefore, we conducted two field experiments during 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 to determine the effect of organic fertilizers on soil fertility, yield and fiber quality of linseed varieties Roshni, BL1 and Chandni under low soil moisture conditions. We prepared organic fertilizers from seed cake of Eruca sativa, leaves of Moringa oleifera and chicken peat in various combinations by composting method. The various formulations of organic fertilizers included OF1(1 kg seed cake of Eruca sativa), OF2 (1 kg seed cake of Eruca sativa + 1 kg chicken peat), OF3 (1 kg seed cake of Eruca sativa + 0.5 kg chicken peat + 0.25 kg Moringa oliefera leaves) and OF4 (1 kg seed cake of Eruca sativa + 0.250 kg chicken peat + 0.5 kg Moringa oliefera leaves). Compositional analysis of organic fertilizers indicated that OF3 and OF4 had higher and may potentially sufficient quantities of NPK and organic matter. Both of these fertilizers significantly improved soil total N, available P, K, Zn and Fe contents. Growth response of linseed varieties to organic fertilizers was evaluated under water deficit stress (40% field capacity of soil) at tillering stage for one month. Water stress had significantly adverse effects on plant height, production of tillers per plant, leaf relative water content (LRWC), number of capsules per plant, thousand seed weight, total seed yield, straw yield, fiber length and fiber weight of linseed varieties. However, the application of OF3 and OF4 significantly enhanced plant height, tillers production, LRWC, seed yield, straw yield, fiber length and fiber weight under water deficit stress. Water deficit stress also resulted in a significant increase in the content of phenolics of both the leaves and roots. For each measured quality parameter of linseed varieties, organic fertilizer treatments resulted in higher values than untreated and irrigated control. We concluded that organic fertilizers particularly OF3 and OF4 significantly improved soil fertility and minimized negative effect of water deficit stress on plant height, tillers production, LRWC, seed yield, straw yield, fiber length and fiber weight of linseed varieties.

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Reis, João M., Ricardo J. Pereira, Paula S. Coelho, and José M. Leitão. "Assessment of Wild Rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC.) Germplasm Accessions by NGS Identified SSR and SNP Markers." Plants 11, no. 24 (December 12, 2022): 3482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11243482.

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Rocket is the common designation for two baby-leaf salad crops of the Brassicaceae family: Eruca sativa (L.) Cav., usually referred to as annual garden rocket, and Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC. commonly named to as perennial wild rocket. E. sativa is used for human consumption since antiquity. However, the growing consumer preference for D. tenuifolia is being accompanied by the fast increase in its production area and commercialization of new cultivars. Nevertheless, the worldwide number of wild rocket accessions maintained in germplasm collections is very reduced, the solution for which situation the project “REMIRucula” intends to contribute, establishing a germplasm collection at the INIAV, Oeiras, Portugal. Herein, we report on the establishment via next generation sequencing (NGS) of the first genome assembly of D. tenuifolia and the identification of specific single sequence repeat (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) loci for the establishment of specific DNA-markers for this species. A representative set of 87 D. tenuifolia and 3 E. sativa accessions were assessed by 5 SSR and 9 SNP-CAPS markers, allowing a drastic discrimination between both species and the establishment of unequivocal molecular fingerprints for the analyzed accessions. The non-discrimination within six pairs and one trio of D. tenuifolia accessions is discussed.

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Maia, Helidamara Monteiro de Carvalho, Vitória Camilly Ribeiro Martins, Thomás Barreto Brasil, Rodrigo Jesus Martins, Kibson Souza Araújo, Fernando Gomes de Souza, Jândie Araújo da Silva, Josimar da Silva Chaves, and Alan Ferreira Leite. "Cultivo de rúcula (Eruca sativa L.) em ambiente protegido sob diferentes concentrações de solução nutritiva." Revista Agraria Academica 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32406/v5n1/2022/29-37/agrariacad.

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Hydroponics is an alternative cultivation technique in a protected environment, in which the soil is replaced by a nutrient solution, which contains all the essential nutrients for plant development. This study aimed to evaluate the production of rocket (Eruca sativa L.) under different nutrient solution systems in a passive hydroponic system with static solution under the conditions of Boa Vista-RR. The work was conducted under a protected environment on the Campus Murupu of the Agrotechnical School of the Federal University of Roraima - EAGRO / UFRR. The experimental design used was a randomized block with 4 treatments (I - 25%, II - 50%, III-75%, IV - 100%) and 5 replications, totaling 80 experimental plots. How to sacrifice 100% and 75% with nutrient solution were more efficient in the cultivation of rocket of the Roka variety in a protected environment.

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Fagerlund, Annette, Sileshi Gizachew Wubshet, Trond Møretrø, Gesine Schmidt, Grethe Iren Borge, and Solveig Langsrud. "Anti-listerial properties of chemical constituents of Eruca sativa (rocket salad): From industrial observation to in vitro activity." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 27, 2021): e0250648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250648.

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The frequency of foodborne outbreaks epidemiologically associated with Listeria monocytogenes in fresh produce has increased in recent years. Although L. monocytogenes may be transferred from the environment to vegetables during farming, contamination of food products most commonly occurs in food processing facilities, where L. monocytogenes has the ability to establish and persist on processing equipment. The current study was undertaken to collect data on the occurrence of L. monocytogenes and the identity of the endogenous microbiota in a fresh produce processing facility, for which information has remained scarce. L. monocytogenes was not detected in the facility. Experiments simulating conditions in the processing environment were performed, including examination of bacterial growth in nutrients based on vegetables (salad juice) compared to in other types of nutrients (fish, meat). Results showed that the endogenous microbiota (dominated by Pseudomonas) grew well in iceberg lettuce and rocket salad juice at low temperatures, while growth inhibition of L. monocytogenes was observed, particularly in rocket salad juice. The anti-listerial activity in rocket salad juice was retained in a polar chromatographic fraction containing several metabolites. Characterization of this active fraction, using LC-MS/MS, led to identification of 19 compounds including nucleosides and amino acids. Further work is necessary to determine the molecular mechanism responsible for the inhibitory activity of rocket salad constituents. The study nevertheless suggests that the available nutrients, as well as a low temperature (3 °C) and the in-house bacterial flora, may influence the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in fresh produce processing facilities.

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Koubaa, Mohamed, Dorra Driss, Fatma Bouaziz, Raoudha Ellouz Ghorbel, and Semia Ellouz Chaabouni. "Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of solvent extract obtained from rocket (Eruca sativa L.) flowers." Free Radicals and Antioxidants 5, no. 1 (February 16, 2015): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/fra.2015.1.5.

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Helena, Hniličková, Hnilička František, Martinková Jaroslava, and Kraus Kamil. "Effects of salt stress on water status, photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of rocket." Plant, Soil and Environment 63, No. 8 (September 4, 2017): 362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/398/2017-pse.

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Salinity is a significant environmental factor affecting physiological processes in plants. This study monitors the effect of salt stress induced by the NaCl solution (0 – deionized water; 50, 100, 200, 300 mmol/L) in rocket (Eruca sativa (L.) Mill.) cv. Astro over the course of 50 days. Salt stress significantly affected the monitored parameters. The osmotic potential decreased with increasing NaCl concentrations, while relative water content decrease did not take place until 200 mmol/L NaCl. Compared to the control group, transpiration (E) decreased at the concentration of 50 mmol/L NaCl and stomatal conductance (gs) and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) decreased at 100 mmol/L NaCl. Further increase of salt concentrations did not affect Pn and no significant differences gs, E and substomatal concentration CO2 were measured between the concentrations of 200 and 300 mmol/L NaCl. A decrease of Fv/Fm took place from the concentration of 100 mmol/L NaCl, while differences between 200 and 300 mmol/L NaCl were also not significant. The obtained results therefore prove the tolerance of the E. sativa cv. Astro to salt stress.

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Hall, Matthew, Jenny Jobling, and Gordon Rogers. "The Germination of Perennial Wall Rocket (Diplotaxis Tenuifolia (L.) DC.) and Annual Garden Rocket (Eruca Sativa Mill.) Under Controlled Temperatures." Plant Breeding and Seed Science 65, no. 1 (August 8, 2014): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10129-011-0043-9.

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AbstractThe germination characteristics of three cultivars of perennial wall rocket and annual garden rocket were assessed at constant and diurnal temperatures for ten days. The seeds were exposed to constant temperatures of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°C or diurnal temperatures of 24/10, 28/16 and 18/5°C, with a 12/12 h exposure of each regime. The diurnal temperatures were chosen to reflect the minimum and maximum ambient temperatures experienced in Ellis Lane, Australia; during the spring, summer and winter. The total germination percentage (TGP) of perennial wall rocket was the highest at 20 to 30°C, whereas the highest TGP occurred at 10 to 30°C for annual garden rocket. The daily germination speed (DGS) and germination value (GV) are two useful formulas used to express the germination characteristics of seeds that under certain conditions do not achieve ≥50% germination. For both species, there was a significant interaction between the cultivar and temperature for the DGS and GV at both constant and diurnal temperatures; illustrating that the commercial cultivars of these species germinate at different rates in response to different ambient temperatures. This has important implications for the commercial production of these species, as cultivars with high germination rates need to be chosen for different seasonal conditions. At diurnal temperatures, there was an interaction between the cultivar and temperature for perennial wall rocket, with the cvs. DT1 and DT2 having similar TGPs across all of the temperature regimes, whereas the cv. DT3 had lower TGPs across all of the regimes. There was no interaction between the cultivar and diurnal temperature for annual garden rocket; however, temperature did influence the TGP, with higher values at 24/10 and 18/5°C. The germination of the smaller seeds from the perennial species was found to be more dependent on temperature than the larger seeds from the annual species. This is likely due to differences in stored reserves and the influence of secondary dormancy in the respective species.

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Sharma, D., D. Rana, R. Kaushik, S. Kumar, and H. Joshi. "Direct and residual effects of agro-industrial wastes on a rocket salad ( Eruca sativa Mill.) — Sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] sequence." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 56, no. 1 (March 1, 2008): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.56.2008.1.11.

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A field study conducted for two years (2002–04) at New Delhi showed that the seed yield (1.80 t ha −1 ) of rocket salad ( Eruca sativa Mill.) obtained by applying 5 t ha −1 pressmud compost based on distillery effluent + half the recommended dose of NPKS (recommended dose: 60 kg N, 13 kg P, 25 kg K and 20 kg S ha −1 ) was on par with the seed yield (1.69 t ha −1 ) recorded with the recommended dose of NPKS. However, the seed yield recorded with the former treatment significantly exceeded that obtained with 5 t ha −1 of a 1:1 mixture of fly ash and distillery effluent + half the recommended dose of NPKS (by 30.4%) or 5 t ha −1 of dry Jatropha curcas leaves + ½ NPKS (by 24.1%). On average, distillery effluent-based pressmud compost + ½ NPKS induced a perceptible increase in the soil-available NPK, recorded after the harvest of rocket salad, compared to the initial fertility status. The uptake of NPKS in the seed and stover of rocket salad was the highest after the application of pressmud compost, closely followed by the recommended dose of NPKS, and the lowest in the control. The residual effect of treatments given to rocket salad was significant on the fodder yield of succeeding sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. The fodder yield recorded with pressmud compost + ½ NPKS was significantly higher than the other treatments. The application of pressmud compost alone was also significantly superior to the same rate of fly ash + effluent mixture or dry Jatropha leaves with respect to the seed yield of rocket salad, residual fertility after the harvest of rocket salad and the fodder yield of succeeding sorghum.

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Guffanti, Davide, Giacomo Cocetta, Benjamin M. Franchetti, and Antonio Ferrante. "The Effect of Flushing on the Nitrate Content and Postharvest Quality of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. Var. Acephala) and Rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) Grown in a Vertical Farm." Horticulturae 8, no. 7 (July 4, 2022): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8070604.

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Hydroponics is the most widely used technique in closed cultivation environments, and this system is often used for the cultivation of baby leaf vegetables. These species can accumulate high levels of nitrates; for this reason, the control of growing conditions is a crucial factor for limiting their content, especially in protected cultivations. The aim of this work was to reduce nitrate accumulation in leafy vegetables grown in a vertical farm while preserving the quality at harvest as well as during storage. This objective was achieved by completely replacing the nutrient solution with water a few hours before harvest (“flushing”). The trials were carried out on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. Var. Acephala, cv. Greenet) and rocket (Eruca sativa Mill., cv. Rome). Three independent trials were conducted on lettuce, applying the flushing treatment 24 h and 48 h prior to harvest. One trial was conducted on rocket, applying the treatment 48 h before harvesting. Sampling and related analyses were carried out at harvest and during the storage period to determine chlorophyll, leaf fluorescence, total sugars, chlorophyll (a + b), carotenoids, phenolic index, anthocyanins and nitrate content. Moreover, relative humidity (RH%), O2% and CO2% determination inside the package headspace were monitored during storage. The results obtained indicate that it is possible to reduce the nitrate concentration by up to 56% in lettuce and 61% in rocket while maintaining the product quality of baby leaves by replacing the nutrient solution with tap water before harvest.

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Bennett, Richard N., Fred A. Mellon, Nigel P. Botting, John Eagles, Eduardo A. S. Rosa, and Gary Williamson. "Identification of the major glucosinolate (4-mercaptobutyl glucosinolate) in leaves of Eruca sativa L. (salad rocket)." Phytochemistry 61, no. 1 (September 2002): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00203-0.

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Turan, Metin, Tuba Arjumend, Ertan Yıldırım, Melek Ekinci, and Betül Ince. "Role of Exogenous Melatonin, Hydrogen Sulfide and Nitric Oxide on Organic Acid Content of Eruca sativa L. under Salt Stress." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 330–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v9i11.ah01.

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Salt stress affects agricultural output by influencing numerous internal metabolisms in plants and disrupting physiological and biochemical activities such as photosynthesis, translocation, respiration, and growth stimulants. The role of exogenous melatonin, hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide application on the organic acid contents of rocket plants under salt stress was examined in this study. Different salt doses (0, 150 and 250 mM NaCl) and exogenous applications (0, 50 and100 µM) were made to rocket plants under the greenhouse conditions. Plants leaves and roots exhibited a decline in the organic acid contents under salinity stress. Application of the amendments, however, was found significant in mitigating the negative effect of salt stress. Melatonin and hydrogen sulfide treatments had a stronger anti-salt action in the leaves. On the other hand, nitrous oxide role was more obvious in the roots followed by melatonin. With this, exogenous applications to the plant mitigated the harmful effects of salt stress on organic acid contents depending on the dose.

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Lennard and Ward. "A Comparison of Plant Growth Rates between an NFT Hydroponic System and an NFT Aquaponic System." Horticulturae 5, no. 2 (April 9, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae5020027.

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A comparison of leafy green plant species’ (lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), dill (Anethum graveolens L.), rocket (Eruca sativa), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), and parsley (Petroselinum crispum)) growth rates was performed between an Nutrient Film Technique (NFT)hydroponic system, using standard commercial nutrient solution, and an NFT aquaponic system, using fish waste from Grass Carp, (Ctenopharyngodon idella) which provided the majority of the nutrients required by the plants. The results demonstrated that the aquaponic method performed well, and, in many cases, the growth rates produced were similar to those of the hydroponic method. Lettuce growth was compared across three seasons (summer, winter, and spring), and, in all cases, the aquaponically-grown lettuce equalled, or bettered, the hydroponic equivalent. Herb growth was compared over a five-month period (February to June—summer/autumn), and in 17 out of 23 comparisons, the aquaponic method produced results similar to those of the hydroponic method. Thus, while the NFT method may not be the most appropriate technical approach for aquaponic integration, the results suggest that the overall aquaponic method has the potential to produce plant growth rates at least equal to those of standard hydroponics.

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Yagi, Gafar M. O., M. I. ,. Elhag A.Z., and Musa S.A. "The Effect of Malathion and Sevin Pesticides Application on Soil and Garden Rocket(Eruca Sativa L.) Growth." Universal Journal of Applied Science 1, no. 3 (December 2013): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/ujas.2013.010302.

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Zhan, Lijuan, Roberta Bulgari, Giuseppe Pignata, Manuela Casale, and Silvana Nicola. "The Mixing Ratio and Filling-Amount Affect the Tissue Browning and Antioxidant Properties of Fresh-Cut Baby Leaf Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and Rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) Grown in Floating Growing Systems." Foods 11, no. 21 (November 4, 2022): 3515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11213515.

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Different types of baby leaf vegetables (BLV) are often mixed and packaged as salad mixes. This work has evaluated the effects of BLV mixing ratios (100% lettuce ‘Lollo Bionda’, 100 LB; 75% lettuce + 25% rocket, 75 LB; 50% lettuce + 50% rocket, 50 LB) and the weight filling amount (125 g filling amount, 125F; 250 g, 250F) on the antioxidant properties and browning potential (BP) of lettuce and rocket baby leaves during storage for 9 days at 4 °C in the dark. The samples were packaged in thermos-sealed bags previously prepared using polypropylene film. The results showed that the 50 LB mix had preserved high amounts of chlorophylls and internal nutrients on d9, regardless of the filling amount. No visible browning symptoms were detected in the 50 LB samples. The 50 LB × 125F mix was found to be the most efficient strategy to maintain the antioxidant property of BLV. Thus, the optimisation of the mixing ratio and its combination with an appropriate filling amount could represent an effective postharvest practice.

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Klauck, CR, MAS Rodrigues, and LB Silva. "Evaluation of phytotoxicity of municipal landfill leachate before and after biological treatment." Brazilian Journal of Biology 75, no. 2 suppl (May 2015): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.1813.

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In the present study, leachate toxicity of a municipal solid waste landfill located in the Sinos River Valley region (southern Brazil) was evaluated using plant bioassays. Leachate toxicity was assessed by analysis of seed germination and root elongation of lettuce (<italic>Lactuca sativa</italic> L.) and rocket plant (<italic>Eruca sativa</italic> Mill.) and root elongation of onions (<italic>Allium cepa</italic> L.). Bioassays were performed by exposing the seeds of <italic>L. sativa</italic> and <italic>E. sativa</italic> and the roots of <italic>A. cepa</italic> to raw leachate, treated leachate (biological treatment) and negative control (tap water). The levels of metals detected in both samples of leachate were low, and raw leachate showed high values for ammoniacal nitrogen and total Kjeldahl nitrogen. There is a reduction in the values of several physicochemical parameters, which demonstrates the efficiency of the treatment. Both <italic>L. sativa</italic> and <italic>A. cepa</italic>showed a phytotoxic response to landfill leachate, showing reduced root elongation. However, the responses of these two plant species were different. Root elongation was significantly lower in <italic>A. cepa</italic> exposed to treated leachate, when compared to negative control, but did not show any difference when compared to raw leachate. In <italic>L. sativa</italic>, seeds exposed to the raw leachate showed significant reduction in root elongation, when compared to treated leachate and negative control. Seed germination showed no difference across the treatments. The results of the study show that plant species respond differently and that municipal solid waste landfill leachate show phytotoxicity, even after biological treatment.

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Ali, Awatif S., Atiat M. Hassan, Nabil E. Saber, and Eman G. Elhosary. "Role of sulphate (SO42-) in improvement the growth of rocket plants (Eruca sativa L.) under selenate (SeO42-) levels." Plant Omics 11, no. 01 (February 20, 2018): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/poj.11.01.18.pne1112.

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Oliveira, Jhonatan Monteiro de, Roberto Rezende, Paulo Sérgio Lourenço de Freitas, André Maller, Anderson Takashi Hara, and Fernando André Silva Santos. "FERTIRRIGAÇÃO NA CULTURA DA RÚCULA (Eruca sativa MILLER) CONDUZIDA EM AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO." IRRIGA 21, no. 3 (June 18, 2018): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2016v21n3p438-448.

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FERTIRRIGAÇÃO NA CULTURA DA RÚCULA (Eruca sativa MILLER) CONDUZIDA EM AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO JHONATAN MONTEIRO DE OLIVEIRA1; ROBERTO REZENDE2; PAULO SÉRGIO LOURENÇO DE FREITAS2; ANDRÉ MALLER3; ANDERSON TAKASHI HARA1 E FERNANDO ANDRÉ SILVA SANTOS1 1 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Doutorando, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, PR. E-mail: jhonatan25monteiro@gmail.com, haratakashi@hotmail.com, fernan.agr@hotmail.com2 Engenheiro Agrícola, Professor, Doutor, Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, PR.-mail: rrezende@uem.br, pslfreitas@uem.br3 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Professor, Doutor, Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, PR.-mail: anmaller@hotmail.com 1 RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos das adubações nitrogenada e potássica aplicadas via fertirrigação na produção da cultura da rúcula. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente coberto com filme plástico e com cortinas laterais, no Centro Técnico de Irrigação (CTI) da Universidade Estadual de Maringá, campus sede. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 4x4 com 3 repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos pelas combinações das doses de N (0, 60, 120 e 240 kg ha-1) e de K (0, 15, 30 e 60 kg ha-1). A cultura foi irrigada e fertirrigada por gotejamento. As variáveis analisadas foram massa fresca comerciável por metro quadrado (MFC), massa seca total por metro quadrado (MST) e número de folhas comerciáveis por planta (NFC). O modelo quadrático descreveu o efeito das doses de N na MFC nas doses 0 e 60 kg ha-1 de K e na MST na dose 60 kg ha-1 de K. A variação de MFC com as doses de K na dose 240 kg ha-1 de N também foi descrita por modelo quadrático, enquanto que a variação de NFC com as doses de K analisadas isoladamente foi descrita pelo modelo linear crescente. Palavras-chave: Nitrogênio, Potássio, Microirrigação. OLIVEIRA, J. M.; REZENDE, R.; FREITAS, P. S. L.; MALLER, A.; HARA, A. T.; SANTOS, F. A. S.FERTIGATION ON ROCKET SALAD (Eruca sativa Miller) CONDUCTED IN PROTECTED ENVIRONMENT 2 ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effects of nitrogen and potassium applied by fertigation in the production of salad rocket. The experiment was carried out in an environment covered with plastic film and side curtains at the Irrigation Technical Center (CTI) of the State University of Maringa, headquarters campus. The experimental design was a completely randomized, in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme with three replications. The treatments consisted in combinations of N (0, 60, 120 and 240 kg ha-1) and K (0, 15, 30 and 60 kg ha-1) doses. The crop was irrigated and fertigated by drip. The marketable fresh weight per square meter (MFC), total dry weight per square meter (MST) and number of marketable leaves per plant (NFC) were analyzed. The quadratic model described the effect of N doses on the MFC in 0 and 60 kg ha-1 K doses and on the MST in 60 kg ha-1 K dose. The variation of MFC with K doses in 240 kg ha-1 N dose was also described by a quadratic model, while the variation of NFC only with isolated K doses was described by the increasing linear model. Keywords: Nitrogen, Potassium, Microirrigation.

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Dintcheva, T., H. Boteva, and B. Arnaoudov. "Optimal use of areas in perennial vegetable crops during first year of growing." Agricultural Science and Technology 11, no. 2 (June 2019): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ast.2019.02.031.

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Abstract. This paper tries to illustrate how intercropping increases the overall output of a cropping system and achieving much larger yields than sole crops by using environmental resources more fully over time or more efficiently in space. The research was conducted to establish the opportunity for optimal use of the growing area in perennial vegetables crops (Asparagus officinalis L., Rheum rhabarbarum L., Cynara cardunculus var. Scolymus, Levisticum officinale) by an intercropping system with annual vegetables (Brassica rapa subsp. Chinensis, Eruca sativa) in open field. The experiment was carried out in 2018 year in Vegetable Crops Research Institute (VCRI) Maritsa, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. Crops were grown under schemes: asparagus – 200+60/50 cm; artichoke – 200+60/90 cm; rhubarb – 200+60/90 cm; lovage – 200+60/50 cm; pak choi – 55+45+45+55/20 cm and 55+30+30+30+55/20 cm; rocket – 55+45+45+55/15 cm and 55+30+30+30+55/15 cm. As a result it was determined that the use of annual crops increases efficiency of the areas in perennial vegetables during the first year of growing. Annual vegetables pak choi and rocket grown under scheme 55 + 30 + 30 + 30 + 55/20cm and 55 + 30 + 30 + 30 + 55/15cm, respectively, are suitable for an intercropping system.

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Ivanova, M. I., A. F. Bukharov, A. V. Litnetsky, A. F. Razin, and R. A. Meshcheryakova. "Principal differences between perennial wall rocket (diplotaxis tenuifolia (l.) dc.) and annual garden rocket (eruca sativa mill.)in cultivation in production conditions. Overview." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 1 (January 19, 2018): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.v0i1.319.

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DOLEŽALOVÁ, Ivana, Martin DUCHOSLAV, and Karel DUŠEK. "Biology and Yield of Rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) under Field Conditions of the Czech Republic (Central Europe)." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 41, no. 2 (December 6, 2013): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha4129281.

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Five rocket (Eruca sativa (L.) Mill.) varieties and accessions were cultivated under field conditions in the Czech Republic (Central Europe) and subsequently studied for variation in morphology and yield. Two cultivation techniques (treatments) were tested during the growing seasons in 2010 and 2011: directly sown seeds in the field and plantlets cultivated in a glasshouse and later transplanted to the field. There were analysed four morphological parameters of the leaf rosette (leaf shape in outline, leaf margin, leaf apex and leaf colour), marketable yield, nonmarketable parts, and rosette radius. Plants from plantlets transplanted to the field in spring terms (April) yielded a substantially higher marketable yield and had a higher rosette radius in contrast to plants from directly sown seeds. Conversely, for the summer terms (late August, September) the direct sowing technique produced higher marketable yield in comparison with plantlets treatment. Plants cultivated from directly sowed seeds reached a marketable yield on average from 15 to 60 g per plant while transplanted plants produced on average from 10 to 49 g per plant. It is evident that cultivation of rocket under field conditions of the Czech Republic is possible and provides, when using the appropriate sowing term, more or less stable yields of marketable parts. Details on variation in yield parameters of individual varieties and accessions are presented.

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Ozdener, Yasemin, and Birsen K. Aydin. "The effect of zinc on the growth and physiological and biochemical parameters in seedlings of Eruca sativa (L.) (Rocket)." Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 32, no. 3 (November 25, 2009): 469–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11738-009-0423-z.

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Cavarianni, Rodrigo Luiz, Arthur Bernardes Cecílio Filho, Jairo Osvaldo Cazetta, André May, and Mariana Marotti Corradi. "Nutrient contents and production of rocket as affected by nitrogen concentrations in the nutritive solution." Scientia Agricola 65, no. 6 (December 2008): 652–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162008000600013.

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Empiricism in the use of nutrient solutions is frequent. Several times the same nutrient solution is used to grow different species based only on morphological similarities. This practice may lead to nutritional imbalances, affecting not only the production but also the quality of the product due to an accumulation of nitrate. An experiment under hydroponic conditions - the NFT system - was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effect of the concentration of nitrogen in the nutrient solution on the production and on the nutrient and nitrate contents of rocket (Eruca sativa) salad leaves. The experiment was carried out in spring 2003, in a randomized block design and in a 4 x 3 factorial design, with four replicates. Four nitrogen concentrations in the nutrient solution (60.8; 121.6; 182.5; 243.5 mg L-1) and three rocket salad cultivars (Cultivada, Folha Larga and Selvática) were evaluated. Cv. Cultivada produced the tallest plants and the highest leaf fresh fitomass, not differing from cv. 'Folha Larga' in the number of leaves, leaf nitrate content, root dry fitomass and root fresh fitomass. An increment in NO3, N, Ca and P and a reduction in Mg, K and S occurred when the concentration of N in the nutrient solution was increased. Cultivation of cv. Cultivada at the concentration of 93 mg L-1 is the most recommended as it provides the highest yield and low nitrate content.

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Domblides, Elena A., Olga A. Chichvarina, Anna I. Minejkina, Evgeniу L. Evgeniу, Viktor A. Kharchenko, Arthur S. Domblides, and Alexey V. Soldatenko. "Rapid development of homozygous lines through culture of isolated microspores in leafy crops of Brassicaceae Burnett." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 4 (September 7, 2019): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2019-4-8-12.

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Relevance Biotechnological methods are generally used to speed up breeding programs and to enhance genetic diversity, so the culture of isolated microspore in vitro can be regarded as one of very suitable methods. Nontraditional and uncommon vegetable crops belonging to Brassicaceae Burnett. are becoming more popular. Methods Accessions of sarepta mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern.) and rocket salad (Eruca sativa Mill.) were taken for the study with the aim to optimize the basic protocol for these species. Results As a result of the study the optimum cultivation conditions have been determined for the species. Sizes of buds 2.5-3.5 mm long for sarepta mustard and 7.0-7.5 long for rocket salad which were used for cultivation had been experimentally defined. It was also shown that the cold pretreatment had improved the embryo yield. The nutritional NLN-13 medium with pH 6.1 and pretreatment at 32°C during a cultivation day had been shown to be more favourable for all accessions. All conditions that had been used were suitable for embryo formation. First divisions had been seen after 4 days of cultivation, while the embryos at primary cotyledonary stage only appeared after 2 weeks of cultivation. The embryo yield per 5 buds reached 25-30 and 5-7 in the sarepta mustard and the rocket salad, respectively. It is worth noticing that the root formation and plant adaptation had passed better and faster in sarepta mustard than in rocket salad. Thus, whole process of homozygous line developing can be completed for 4-5 months, making the breeding program 3 times shorter.

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Altwaijry, Najla, Thanaa A. El‐Masry, Badriyah Alotaibi, Ehab Tousson, and Asmaa Saleh. "Therapeutic effects of rocket seeds ( Eruca sativa L .) against testicular toxicity and oxidative stress caused by silver nanoparticles injection in rats." Environmental Toxicology 35, no. 9 (April 15, 2020): 952–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tox.22931.

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Campos Júnior, José Eustáquio, José Amilton Santos Júnior, Juliana Bezerra Martins, Ênio Farias de França e Silva, and Ceres Duarte Guedes Cabral de Almeida. "ROCKET PRODUCTION IN A LOW COST HYDROPONIC SYSTEM USING BRACKISH WATER." Revista Caatinga 31, no. 4 (December 2018): 1008–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252018v31n424rc.

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ABSTRACT The production of vegetables in communities of family farmers in semiarid regions is limited due to rudimentary cultivation practices and systems, water scarcity, and excess salts in the water and soil. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the production of rocket (Eruca sativa L. cv. Folha Larga) in a low cost hydroponic system, considering strategies for the use of brackish water in the nutrient solution. The experiments were conducted in complete randomized designs, in 6×2 factorial arrangements, with five replications, using rocket plants grown in different nutrient solutions, consisting of six salinity levels (1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, 7.5, and 9.0 dS m -1) and two circulation frequencies of the nutrient solution (twice a day, at 8:00h, and 16:00h; and three times a day, at 8:00h, 12:00h, and 16:00h). In Experiment I, the nutrient solution lost by evapotranspiration was replenished with the respective brackish water used in its preparation; and in Experiment II it was replenished with public water (0.12 dS m -1). The shoot and root fresh and dry biomass of the plants and their respective dry weight proportions, and biometric variables were evaluated. Replenishing of the nutrient solution with public water resulted in lower losses in biomass and plant growth. The increases in circulation frequency of the nutrient solution did not affect the biometric variables, however, the plants prioritized shoot biomass development to the detriment of the root when using high circulation frequencies.

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Fechner, Jana, Martin Kaufmann, Corinna Herz, Daniela Eisenschmidt, Evelyn Lamy, Lothar W. Kroh, and Franziska S. Hanschen. "The major glucosinolate hydrolysis product in rocket ( Eruca sativa L.), sativin, is 1,3-thiazepane-2-thione: Elucidation of structure, bioactivity, and stability compared to other rocket isothiocyanates." Food Chemistry 261 (September 2018): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.04.023.

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Nikaido, Meire, Karina A. A. Tonani, Fabiana C. Julião, Tânia M. B. Trevilato, Angela M. M. Takayanagui, Sérgio M. Sanches, José L. Domingo, and Susana I. Segura-Muñoz. "Analysis of Bacteria, Parasites, and Heavy Metals in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and Rocket Salad (Eruca sativa L.) Irrigated with Treated Effluent from a Biological Wastewater Treatment Plant." Biological Trace Element Research 134, no. 3 (July 29, 2009): 342–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12011-009-8477-8.

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Yucel Sengun, Ilkin, and Mehmet Karapinar. "Effectiveness of household natural sanitizers in the elimination of Salmonella typhimurium on rocket (Eruca sativa Miller) and spring onion (Allium cepa L.)." International Journal of Food Microbiology 98, no. 3 (February 2005): 319–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.07.011.

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Bulgari, Roberta, Marco Negri, Piero Santoro, and Antonio Ferrante. "Quality Evaluation of Indoor-Grown Microgreens Cultivated on Three Different Substrates." Horticulturae 7, no. 5 (May 2, 2021): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7050096.

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The microgreens are innovative products in the horticultural sector. They are appreciated by consumers thanks to their novelty and health-related benefits, having a high antioxidant concentration. This produce can be adopted for indoor production using hydroponic systems. The aim of the present work was to investigate the influence of three growing media (vermiculite, coconut fiber, and jute fabric) on yield and quality parameters of two basil varieties (Green basil—Ocimum basilicum L., Red basil—Ocimum basilicum var. Purpurecsens) and rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) as microgreens. Microgreens were grown in floating, in a Micro Experimental Growing (MEG®) system equipped with LED lamps, with modulation of both energy and spectra of the light supplied to plants. Results showed high yield, comprised from 2 to 3 kg m−2. Nutritional quality varied among species and higher antioxidant compounds were found in red basil on vermiculite and jute. Coconut fiber allowed the differentiation of crop performance in terms of sucrose and above all nitrate. In particular, our results point out that the choice of the substrate significantly affected the yield, the dry matter percentage and the nitrate concentration of microgreens, while the other qualitative parameters were most influenced by the species.

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Pernezny, K., R. N. Raid, J. B. Jones, and E. Dickstein. "First Report of a Leaf Spot Disease of Wild Rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) in Florida Caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. raphani." Plant Disease 91, no. 10 (October 2007): 1360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-10-1360b.

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Wild rocket, also known as wall rocket or sand rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC, family Brassicaceae), is grown in Florida as a salad green and herb, especially for addition to “spring mix” and other bagged salad blends. It is similar in texture and flavor to the more widely known garden arugula (Eruca vesicatoria (L.) Cav. subsp. sativa). During the winter vegetable season of 2006–2007, a leaf spot disease causing severe economic loss was seen in commercial fields of wild rocket near the town of Sebastian in Indian River County, FL. Discrete water-soaked to greasy appearing spots were observed on leaf blades that rarely exceeded 1 mm in diameter with some surrounded by a narrow, yellow halo. There was no evidence of marginal V-shaped lesions suggestive of vascular black rot disease caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. A bacterium that formed yellow colonies on nutrient agar was consistently isolated from these lesions. Four strains were isolated, purified, and characterized. All strains were strictly aerobic, gram-negative rods. Strains were positive for esculin hydrolysis and gelatin liquefaction and negative for oxidase, nitrate reduction, urease production, fluorescence on King's B medium, and utilization of asparagine as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen. Proteolysis and an alkaline reaction were observed in inoculated tubes of litmus milk. Colonies were bright yellow and mucoid on plates of yeast extract-glucose-calcium carbonate agar. Carbon source utilization, as revealed by the Biolog system, indicated a match to X. campestris. Fatty acid methyl ester analysis indicated a match with Florida library strains of X. campestris pv. raphani (similarity indices of 0.737 to 0.779). Suspensions (2 × 107 CFU/ml in sterile phosphate-buffered saline) of the four wild rocket strains and a strain isolated in 2003 as a cause of a discrete leaf spot disease of cabbage in southern Florida (1) were sprayed onto plants until runoff with a hand-held plastic mist bottle. Pathogenicity of strains was tested in the greenhouse on seven replicate plants of green cabbage cv. Copenhagen Market, salad arugula cv. Rocket, and wild rocket (an unnamed selection propagated from seed provided by a Florida grower). Symptoms appeared within 6 to 7 days. The wild rocket strains and the cabbage strain were pathogenic on all wild rocket and cabbage test plants, producing small, nonvascular leaf spots. No symptoms were seen on salad arugula or on control plants of wild rocket, cabbage, or arugula sprayed with phosphate-buffered saline. The bacterium was reisolated from infected plants and identified as X. campestris pv. raphani, thus completing Koch's postulates. We have classified the bacterial leaf spot pathogen of wild rocket as X. campestris pv. raphani using the nomenclature of Vincente et al. (2) for X. campestris strains producing nonvascular leaf spots on brassicas. This disease problem seems to be related to widespread use of overhead irrigation in the fields where the disease is prevalent. We have not observed the disease in seepage-irrigated fields of wild rocket. References: (1) K. Pernezny et al. Plant Dis. 87:873, 2003. (2) J. G. Vincente et al. Phytopathology 96:735, 2006.

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Russell, Dennis, Sarah Abdul Majid, and Daniel Tobias. "The presence of persistent coliform and E. coli contamination sequestered within the leaves of the popular fresh salad vegetable “Jarjeer / Rocket” (Eruca sativa L.)." Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology 2, no. 2 (October 1, 2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajbsg.2010.16702.

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Nicola, S., J. Hoeberechts, and E. Fontana. "ROCKET (ERUCA SATIVA MILL.) AND CORN SALAD (VALERIANELLA OLITORIA L.): PRODUCTION AND SHELF-LIFE OF TWO LEAFY VEGETABLES GROWN IN A SOILLESS CULTURE SYSTEM." Acta Horticulturae, no. 633 (March 2004): 509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2004.633.64.

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Pasini, Federica, Vito Verardo, Maria Fiorenza Caboni, and Luigi Filippo D’Antuono. "Determination of glucosinolates and phenolic compounds in rocket salad by HPLC-DAD–MS: Evaluation of Eruca sativa Mill. and Diplotaxis tenuifolia L. genetic resources." Food Chemistry 133, no. 3 (August 2012): 1025–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.021.

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Branca, F., L. Ragusa, A. Tribulato, R. Lo Scalzo, V. Picchi, and S. Argento. "THE GLUCOSINOLATES AND VARIATION OF ANTIOXIDANT COMPOUNDS IN SEEDS AND SPROUTS OF BROCCOLI (BRASSICA OLERACEA L. VAR. ITALIC) AND ROCKET (ERUCA SATIVA L.) IN RELATION TO TEMPERATURE AND GERMINATIVE STAGE." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1005 (September 2013): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2013.1005.30.

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Cataldi, Tommaso R. I., Alessandra Rubino, Filomena Lelario, and Sabino A. Bufo. "Naturally occurring glucosinolates in plant extracts of rocket salad (Eruca sativa L.) identified by liquid chromatography coupled with negative ion electrospray ionization and quadrupole ion-trap mass spectrometry." Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 21, no. 14 (2007): 2374–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.3101.

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42

Owon, M., M. Noaman, M. Nour El-Din, and M. Osman. "CHEMICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES ON ROCKET (Eruca sativa) Seed Oil: 1- CHARACTERIZATION OF ROCKET (Eruca sativa) SEED OIL." Journal of Food and Dairy Sciences 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 383–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jfds.2005.237118.

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43

Neriman, Tuba Barlas, Eşref Irget Mehmet, and Tepecik Mahmut. "Mineral content of the rocket plant (Eruca sativa)." African Journal of Biotechnology 10, no. 64 (October 19, 2011): 14080–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajb11.2171.

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Picoli, Marcelo Henrique Savoldi, Eliezer Rodrigues De Souto, Jaqueline Mnzatti Da Silva, Patrícia Rosin Carnelossi, Alexandre Garcia, and Álvaro Manuel Rodrigues Almeida. "A Comovirus Infecting Rocket (Eruca sativa) in Brazil." Journal of Phytopathology 160, no. 1 (November 15, 2011): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2011.01858.x.

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Larran, S., L. Ronco, C. Mónaco, and R. H. Andreau. "First report ofPeronospora parasiticaon rocket (Eruca sativa) in Argentina." Australasian Plant Pathology 35, no. 3 (2006): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ap06024.

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Wang, Yankun, Pu Chu, Qing Yang, Shengxin Chang, Jianmei Chen, Maolong Hu, and Rongzhan Guan. "Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Eruca sativa Mill. (Garden Rocket)." PLoS ONE 9, no. 8 (August 26, 2014): e105748. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105748.

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47

Bull, C. T., P. Goldman, and S. T. Koike. "Bacterial Blight on Arugula, a New Disease Caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. Alisalensis in California." Plant Disease 88, no. 12 (December 2004): 1384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.12.1384a.

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Beginning in 1995, a leaf spot disease has occasionally developed on the leafy crucifer arugula (Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa) that is grown in coastal California as a fresh market commodity used mostly in bagged salad mixes. Initially, symptoms consist of small (<2 mm in diameter), angular, water-soaked spots that are visible from both sides of the leaf. The spots later enlarge, remain angular in shape, and turn brown to tan. A purple margin sometimes occurs around the spots. An important diagnostic feature is that this disease closely resembles downy mildew infections that have not produced sporangia (3). A blue-green fluorescent pseudomonad was consistently isolated from both types of lesions on King's medium B. Strains were levan positive, oxidase negative, and arginine dihydrolase negative. Strains did not rot potato slices but induced a hypersensitive reaction on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Turk). These data indicated that the bacteria belonged to Lelliot's LOPAT group 1 (4). This was confirmed with data from fatty acid methyl ester analysis (MIS-TSBA version 4.10; MIDI, Inc., Newark, DE), which indicated that the strains were highly similar (similarity > = 0.758) to Pseudomonas syringae. Amplification of repetitive bacterial sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) was used to determine the relationship between the P. syringae strains isolated from arugula and two common crucifer pathogens, P. syringae pv. maculicola and P. syringae pv. alisalensis (1). Using the BOXA1R primer, banding patterns for the arugula strains and the P. syringae pv. alisalensis pathotype were similar, differing by only one band. In contrast, the banding patterns of the arugula strains differed significantly from those of P. syringae pv. maculicola. Additionally, the arugula isolates were sensitive to a bacteriophage originally isolated for its ability to lyse P. syringae pv. alisalensis (1). Previously, the pathogen from arugula was reported to be P. syringae pv. maculicola (2). It is the intent of this disease note to clarify this identification. We completed Koch's postulates by confirming pathogenicity on arugula (cv. Rocket Salad). The strains were grown as nutrient broth shake cultures for 48 h at 24°C, adjusted to 108 CFU/ml, and misted onto 2- to 3-week old plants. Control plants were misted with sterile nutrient broth. After 4 to 5 days in a greenhouse (24 to 26°C), large, angular leaf lesions developed on all inoculated arugula plants. Strains were reisolated from symptomatic tissue and identified as P. syringae pv. alisalensis. Control plants remained symptomless. Similar methods confirmed that the host range of the arugula isolates were identical to that of P. syringae pv. alisalensis. The arugula and P. syringae pv. alisalensis isolates caused disease on broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis cvs. Patriot and Titleist), broccoli raab (B. rapa subsp. rapa cv. Sorento), and oats (Avena sativa cv. Montezuma), while P. syringae pv. maculicola caused disease on broccoli only. Pathogenicity tests were conducted two times with identical results. This confirms that the bacterial blight that has been occurring on commercial plantings of arugula is caused by P. syringae pv. alisalensis. References: (1) N. A. Cintas et al.Plant Dis. 86:992, 2002. (2) S. T. Koike et al. Plant Dis. 80:464, 1996. (3) S. T. Koike. Plant Dis. 82:1063, 1998. (4) R. A. Lelliott, J. Appl. Bacteriol. 29:470, 1966.

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Bozokalfa, Kadri, Dursun Eşiyok, and Bülent Yağmur. "Use of multivariate analysis in mineral accumulation of rocket (Eruca sativa) accessions." Genetika 43, no. 3 (2011): 437–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1103437b.

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The leafy vegetables contain high amount of mineral elements and health promoting compound. To solve nutritional problems in diet and reduced malnutrition among human population selection of specific cultivar among species would be help increasing elemental delivery in the human diet. While rocket plant observes several nutritional compounds no significant efforts have been made for genetic diversity for mineral composition of rocket plant accessions using multivariate analyses technique. The objective of this work was to evaluate variability for mineral accumulation of rocket accessions revealed by multivariate analysis to use further breeding program for achieve improving cultivar in targeting high nutrient concentration. A total twelve mineral element and twenty-three E. sativa accessions were investigated and considerable variation were observed in the most of concentration the principal component analysis explained that 77.67% of total variation accounted for four PC axis. Rocket accessions were classifies into three groups and present outcomes of experiments revealed that the first three principal components were highly valid to classify the examined accessions and separating mineral accumulations. Significant differences exhibited in mineral concentration among examined rocket accessions and the result could allow selecting those genotypes with higher elements.

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Sultan, Khushbakht, Muhammad Zakir, Haroon Khan, Abdur Rauf, Noor Ul Akber, and Murad Ali Khan. "Biofunctional properties of Eruca sativa Miller (rocket salad) hydroalcoholic extract." Natural Product Research 30, no. 10 (July 9, 2015): 1202–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2015.1046380.

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Nascimento, Carolina Seno, Camila Seno Nascimento, Guilherme Lopes, Gilda Carrasco, Priscila Lupino Gratão, and Arthur Bernardes Cecílio Filho. "Biofortified Rocket (Eruca sativa) with Selenium by Using the Nutrient Film Technique." Horticulturae 8, no. 11 (November 17, 2022): 1088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8111088.

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Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for humans, but most foods are Se deficient, mainly because of its low content in the soil. A Se-deficient diet results in increased susceptibility to cardiovascular disease, cancer, and hyperthyroidism. Agronomic biofortification is a good alternative to increase Se in food. This study investigated the effect of Se on the growth, yield, and biofortification of the rocket. Plants were grown in a hydroponic system. Seven Se concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 µM) were evaluated using sodium selenate. Growth, yield, lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide content, and the enzymatic activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase were influenced by the Se concentration. Considering the evaluated parameters, 10–30 µM Se promoted the best results, and with 20 µM, the higher yield. Rocket plants treated with Se in the nutrient solution were biofortified, showing Se contents of 598.96 to 1437.56 mg kg−1 in the dry mass, higher than plants cultivated in a nutrient solution without Se, which presented 167.84 mg kg−1 of Se. Se concentrations of 10–30 µM in the nutrient solution were beneficial for rocket plants, while concentrations above 50 µM were toxic to the plants.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Rocket (Eruca sativa L.)'

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