Journal articles: 'Rocker system'

1

Eremyants, V. E. "Dynamics of a rocker impactor system by elastic support of the rocker." Journal of Machinery Manufacture and Reliability 40, no. 4 (August 2011): 326–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1052618811040066.

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Zheng, Feng Zhu, Wei Min Cui, and Hong Juan Li. "Static Strength Analysis of Components of Flap Control System for a Certain Type of Aircraft." Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (September 2013): 422–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.422.

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Pull rod and rocker arm are important parts of aircraft control system, its strength, stiffness and stability can largely affect the aircrafts control effect, sometimes the flight safety will be influenced [2]. A type of aircraft control system has been upgraded and modified, therefore the pull rod and rocker arm of the flap control system need to take the static strength test. Based on field test and finite element simulation analysis, this paper has the static strength of pull rod and rocker arm checked, and to verify the correctness of the finite element model and lay foundation for the optimization design of components of aircraft control system.

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Wang, Sunxin, and Yan Li. "Dynamic Rocker-Bogie: Kinematical Analysis in a High-Speed Traversal Stability Enhancement." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5181097.

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The rocker-bogie suspension system has robust capabilities to deal with uneven terrain because of its distributing of the payload over its six wheels uniformly, while there is one major shortcoming to high-speed traversal over the planar terrain. This paper proposes a new dynamic rocker-bogie suspension system with two modes of operation: it can expand the span of the rocker-bogie support polygon to increase travel rate when the terrain is planar; and it can switch to its original configuration to move by low speed when it is faced with rough terrain. The analysis on dynamic stability margin and kinematical simulation on the two operating modes of rocker-bogie are employed to analyze and verify the rationality and effectiveness of the modification in the structure.

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Chen, Jia Chuan, and Jing Yu Liu. "A Photographing and Shooting Device Delivery System." Advanced Materials Research 510 (April 2012): 507–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.510.507.

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Related to the technological field of Photographing and Shooting Support Device, a Photographing and Shooting Device Delivery System includes shooting track and its Device Case. A shooting track covers at least a set of track-flexible track units. Each single unit in the meantime owns two main tracks and at least two horizontal track axes which inset between the two main tracks. The horizontal track axis can meet the needs of the length-adjustment devices in stretching out and drawing back the length of axes. A single Shooting Track Device Case consists of a Roker, Case itself, two Pulley Mechanisms that attached to the bottom of the Case, as well as a position device that has the Rocker fixed. The Rocker can take apart and connect with the Case through Position Device. At least one axis moving mechanism is attached to the Pulley Mechanism Device, which can collapse the length in order to the change of axis. In doing so, it will not only cut down the expense but also save labor. By replacing the tripod spider in positioning through the Rocker, it can boost enormous convenience, make shooting in a low angle into a reality, and occupies relatively a smaller space compared with the tripod spider.

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Li, Yun Wang, Shi Rong Ge, Hua Zhu, and Hai Feng Fang. "Mobile Platform of a Rocker-Type W-Shaped Track Robot." Key Engineering Materials 419-420 (October 2009): 609–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.419-420.609.

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Based on the configurations of the track type travel mechanism, instead of wheels, the tracks were introduced into the rocker-type robot mobile system, and various configurations of the rocker-type track suspensions were obtained. Through analyzing characteristics of the suspensions, a rocker-type unsymmetrical W-shaped track mobile system was presented. The rear main tracks of the W-shaped tracks were longer than the front ones. The prototype’s obstacles-surmounting capabilities including ditch-crossing, step and stairs-climbing were analyzed. The prototype could climb up a 320mm-high step, climb down a 520mm-high step, cross a 490mm-wide ditch. The capabilities analysis and prototype test results indicated that the rocker-type unsymmetrical W-shaped track mobile platform had excellent passive adaptability to rugged unstructured terrain environments and strong obstacles-surmounting capabilities.

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Chan, Chingyao, and Albert P. Pisano. "Dynamic Model of a Fluctuating Rocker-Arm Ratio Cam System." Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and Automation in Design 109, no. 3 (September 1, 1987): 356–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3258803.

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This study is focused upon one example from a class of cam systems with a fluctuating rocker-arm ratio, known as “finger follower” cam systems. This class of cam systems is typically built in practice with a hydraulic tappet as the pivot-end support for the finger-follower, and the rocker-arm ratio varies as much as 34 percent from the baseline value during the cam cycle. A six-degree-of-freedom dynamic model is formulated to predict the forces as well as the motions of the cam system components. Successful dynamic modeling of such a system requires an accurate model for the hydraulic tappet as well as for the cam system, and so, six separate dynamic phenomena are identified in the tappet and the resulting nonlinear dynamics included in the cam system model. Lateral and rotational motions, as well as the customary longitudinal displacement, are admitted for the valve, and it is found that although the extra degrees of freedom change the cam contact force but little, they strongly influence where in the cam system toss and impact occur.

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Ghomian, Banafshe, Mojtaba Kamyab, Hassan Jafari, Mohammadebrahim Khamseh, and Aoife Healy. "Rocker outsole shoe is not a threat to postural stability in patients with diabetic neuropathy." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 40, no. 2 (July 24, 2014): 224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364614543549.

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Background: Rocker outsole shoes are commonly prescribed to patients with diabetic neuropathy to offload a particular area of the foot sole, thereby decreasing the risk of foot ulceration. Contrary to this, some evidence has reported a postural destabilising effect of these shoes in healthy adults. Objective: To explore the postural stability of patients with diabetic neuropathy who wear a rocker outsole shoe. Study design: Quasi-experimental. Method: In total, 17 patients with diabetic neuropathy (aged 49.29 ± 7.48 years; 7 female, 10 males) participated in this study. A Motor Control Test measuring centre of force displacement, response strength scale and response latency in medium and large perturbations was conducted using the EquiTest system to evaluate postural stability while wearing a baseline shoe (without a rocker outsole) or a rocker outsole shoe (with a toe-only rocker sole). Results: No significant difference was observed between the shoe conditions in centre of force displacement and response latency of the participants (p > 0.05). The results indicated a significant increase in the response strength scale of participants by the rocker outsole, for medium forward and backward and large forward perturbations ( p = 0.014, p = 0.001 and p = 0.027, respectively). Conclusion: When the immediate effect is a concern, the rocker outsole shoe did not negatively affect postural stability in patients with diabetic neuropathy. Clinical relevance This article will provide objective evidence about the effect of rocker outsole on postural balance in diabetic patients. In prescription of rocker outsole to prevent plantar ulceration of diabetic foot, immediate postural destabilising is not a concern.

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Tamgadge, Mayank. "Design and Fabrication of Rocker Bogie Mechanism." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 15, 2021): 1033–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35043.

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The rocker-bogie suspension mechanism its currently NASAs one of the favourite design for wheeled mobile robots, mainly because it has multipurpose capabilities to deal with different types of surface and obstacles because it uniformly distributes the overall weight over its 6 wheels at all times. That's why it has many advantages when dealing with obstacles, there is one of the disadvantage is its low average speed of operation, the rocker bogie system generally not suitable for situations where high-speed operations for which to cover large surfaces Areas. mainly due to stability problems. Our purpose is to increase the stability of the rocker-bogie mechanism system by expanding its support design structure, making it more stable and flexible while moving at high speed, at different surfaces but keeping its original flexibility against obstacles. Most of the flexibility of this method can be achieved without any mechanical modification to existing designs only a change in control strategy. Some mechanical changes are required to Achieve the maximum Advantages and to increase the rover operations speed in future. We will develop a method of driving a rocker-bogie vehicle so that it can effectively step over most obstacles rather than impacting and climbing over them. The Rocker-Bogie Mechanism system was designed to be used at slow speeds. It is capable of overcoming obstacles that are depends upon the size of a wheel.

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Wang, Hui, Rong Rong Zhang, Sheng Liang Xiao, and Peter Leisner. "Analysis of Kinematics and Dynamics of Crank-Rocker Mechanism." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 690–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.690.

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Graphic method and analytical method are often used for calculation analysis of kinematics and dynamics of the crank-rocker mechanism. However, the analysis procedure is usually complicated and the analysis results can not be expressed visually and directly. Programs are made on the basis of theoretical analysis of kinematics and dynamics in this paper, and a kind of analyzing system of crank-rocker mechanism is designed with Java. This system may analyze the crank-rocker mechanism’s motion state, stress condition and its change regulation in different operating conditions, as well as different rotation angles of the crank. This system has also a friendly man-machine interface. Calculation results are expressed through textbox and parametric curve. Each window of the system has the following buttons: calculation button, save button, output curve button, print button, maximum/minimum value output button and exit button. This system may evidently reduce the calculation workload and improve working efficiency.

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KOZAK, Władysław. "Crank and rocker piston assembly." Combustion Engines 152, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 10–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117009.

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The paper presents a qualitative analysis of a crank-and-rocker piston mechanism. In comparison to a conventional piston assembly the mechanism is composed of more elements necessary to convert the reciprocating motion of the pistons to rotary motion of the crankshaft. A greater complexity of the system is balanced by a greater number of advantages particularly visible in the module, composed of four cylinders coupled by the rocker with a single crank journal. A greater number of elements allow an obtainment of better functional flexibility of the mechanism, particularly in terms of the piston movement. This feature can be used to control the course of the engine torque, the heat losses to the cooling system, the reduction of the piston pressure on the cylinder liners (friction and mechanical losses) as well as variation of the compression ratio easily performed during engine operation. The natural characteristics of the four-cylinder module have been highlighted through an internal balancing of the mass forces. The analysis does not contain the elements of design. The design parameters in the analysis are random. They were selected to highlight the properties of the design and show negative and positive features. The relations and remarks included in the paper may turn out useful when designing the mechanism.

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Toha, S. F., and Zakariya Zainol. "System Modelling of Rocker-Bogie Mechanism for Disaster Relief." Procedia Computer Science 76 (2015): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.12.349.

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12

Sukri, Hanifudin, and Ach Dafid. "Design Of Monitoring Robot Based On Bogie Rocker System." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1125, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 012070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1125/1/012070.

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13

Pisano, A. P., and Hong Tao Chen. "Coulomb Friction and Optimal Rocker Arm Ratio for High-Speed Cam Systems." Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and Automation in Design 108, no. 3 (September 1, 1986): 340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3258737.

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The operating speed of a high-speed cam system can be maximized by the proper choice of both kinematic and dynamic parameters of a lumped model. Considering rocker arm ratio as an unconstrained kinematic parameter and Coulomb friction as an unconstrained dynamic parameter, it was found that the camshaft speed at which toss occurred was characterized by several local extrema, all of which were sensitive to the presence of Coulomb friction. For a particular cam system and two separate cam lift curves, design charts have been developed to aid in the choice of optimal rocker arm ratio for maximum operating speed in the presence of Coulomb friction.

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Bucknor, N. K., and F. Freudenstein. "Kinematic and Static Force Analysis of Rocker-Pin Jointed Silent Chains with Involute Sprockets." Journal of Mechanical Design 116, no. 3 (September 1, 1994): 842–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919458.

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A quasi-static model has been developed for a silent (inverted-tooth) chain drive incorporating a rocker-pin-jointed chain and involute-toothed sprockets. The kinematic effects of rocker-pin clearances and link/sprocket engagement are modeled and the influence of various model parameters on the chain drive torque-ratio variation, due to chordal action, is examined. In some cases, this variation is found to be less than that for equivalent pin-jointed chain drives. Additionally, the center distances corresponding to the maximum and minimum torque variation are not fixed, as in the case of a pin-joined chain. An optimization method is used in determining the governing geometric constrains as multiple joint configurations can occur, given the rocker-pin joint clearances. The resulting system of equations is fully constrained for a physically consistent chain configuration.

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Zhang Jingshui, 张镜水, 朱维文 Zhu Weiwen, 赵跃进 Zhao Yuejin, 赵瑞忠 Zhao Ruizhong, and 董立泉 Dong Liquan. "Passive THz Imaging System Based on the Crank-Rocker Mechanism." Acta Optica Sinica 33, no. 12 (2013): 1211006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos201333.1211006.

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Setterfield, Timothy P., and Alex Ellery. "Terrain Response Estimation Using an Instrumented Rocker-Bogie Mobility System." IEEE Transactions on Robotics 29, no. 1 (February 2013): 172–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tro.2012.2223591.

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Szymczak, Tadeusz, Adam Brodecki, Andrzej Eminger, Zbigniew L. Kowalewski, and Dariusz Rudnik. "Experimental Assessment of Ball Joints Operation Using Servo-Hydraulic Testing Systems." Solid State Phenomena 240 (August 2015): 232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.240.232.

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The paper reports experimental results from tests carried out at room temperature on servo-hydraulic system dedicated for examination of the exploitation properties of rocker arms. The ball joint of this element was modified by an application of composite coating such as the tungsten carbide (WC). To apply cyclic loading to rocker arms the griping system was designed and elaborated. Results from tests performed on the composite coated ball joints were compared with data obtained for typical elements. Variations of the following parameters versus time i.e. force, temperature and surface topography of balls were analysed with respect to exploitation properties of the modified ball joints. An increase of the wear coefficient was achieved for sliding joints of the steel ball-steel cups coated by the WC.

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Dhalla, Raja, Jeffrey E. Johnson, and Jack Engsberg. "Can the Use of a Terminal Device Augment Plantar Pressure Reduction with a Total Contact Cast?" Foot & Ankle International 24, no. 6 (June 2003): 500–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110070302400609.

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Hypotheses/Purpose: Total contact casting (TCC) has been shown to promote the healing of plantar neurotrophic ulcers by reducing plantar pressures and has become the established treatment standard by which all others are measured. The purpose of this study was to determine if terminal cast devices (cast shoes and heels) significantly affect the amount of plantar pressure reduction when used with a total contact cast. Methods/Results: Plantar pressures were measured in the right feet of 28 healthy adult volunteers using the Novel EMED PEDAR system (Novel GmbH, Munich, Germany) for six conditions: athletic shoe (i.e., control), TCC alone, TCC with a conventional cast shoe (EBI, Parsipanny, NJ), TCC with a custom rigid rocker cast shoe (NPS, St. Louis, MO), TCC with a rubber rocker heel (Cast Walker, DM Systems Inc., Evanston, IL), and TCC with a traditional flat rubber heel (Zimmer, Warsaw, IN). Peak plantar pressures were recorded from the forefoot, midfoot, and hindfoot. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine statistical significance. The greatest reductions in forefoot plantar pressures compared to the athletic shoe control were seen in the TCC with the conventional cast shoe and the TCC with the rigid rocker shoe; a mean plantar pressure reduction of 30% was observed for both conditions ( p <.001). Significant midfoot plantar pressure reductions ( p <.001) were achieved with the TCC alone, TCC with the conventional cast shoe, TCC with the rigid rocker heel, TCC with the flat rubber heel, and TCC with the rubber rocker heel. Mean reductions were 42%, 51%, 47%, 40%, and 46%, respectively. While athletic shoe peak hindfoot pressures were only reduced by 15% by TCC alone, the addition of the rubber rocker heel to TCC reduced athletic shoe pressures by 32% and the addition of the flat rubber heel to TCC reduced athletic shoe pressures by 29%. The reductions with TCC and the heels were both significant when using the athletic shoe as the control ( p <.001) and the TCC alone as the control ( p <.05). Conclusion: Plantar pressure reduction with TCC can be augmented with the addition of a terminal cast device and the effects shown in this study are significantly different than previously reported. These results suggest that terminal cast devices should be chosen according to location of the neuropathic ulcer. In this study, forefoot pressures were reduced the most with TCC and either the conventional cast shoe or the rigid rocker shoe. The authors therefore recommend these combinations for forefoot ulcers. TCC alone or combined with any of the terminal devices proved equally effective for midfoot plantar pressure reduction. Hindfoot ulcers should be treated with TCC and the rubber rocker heel or the flat rubber heel as these provided the best hindfoot pressure reductions.

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Abdulkadir, Tukur D., Muhammad R. Mahadi, Aimrun Wayayok, and Muhamad S. M. Kassim. "Analytical Comparison between the Speed of Screw and Crank-Rocker Based Pick and Place Mechanisms for Seedling Tray Seeding Machine." Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences 34 (August 20, 2021): 138–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2021.34.sp1.14.

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In this study the operational speed of screw based pick and place mechanism was compared with that of a crank-rocker based pick and place mechanism analytically for the design of a seeding machine for system of rice intensification (SRI) seedling tray. The configurations of the two types of mechanisms were generated based on their positions relative to a seedling tray conveyor and size of seeding manifold. The screw based mechanism consists of a vertical screw to which the seeding manifold was mounted and a horizontal screw to which the vertical mechanism was mounted. The vertical screw bearing the seeding manifold reciprocates down to pick seeds from seed container and back to the initial position. The horizontal screw translates horizontally to deliver the vertical screw bearing the seeding manifold to the seedling tray on the conveyor. The crank-rocker based mechanism consists of a pair of crank-rocker carrying a seeding manifold in between them. The mechanism rotates clock wise to pick seed and counter clock wise to drop the seed on the seedling tray. The time required for a complete pick and place circle was computed for both mechanisms using basic mechanics principles. Crank-rocker mechanism with a theoretical pick and place period of 1 second was found to be better than the screw based mechanism with 78.8 second per pick and place circle.

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Abdulkadir, Tukur D., Muhammad R. Mahadi, Aimrun Wayayok, and Muhamad S. M. Kassim. "Analytical Comparison between the Speed of Screw and Crank-Rocker BasedPick and Place Mechanisms for Seedling Tray Seeding Machine." Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences 34 (August 20, 2021): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2021.34.sp1.12.

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In this study the operational speed of screw based pick and place mechanism was compared with that of a crank-rocker based pick and place mechanism analytically for the design of a seeding machine for system of rice intensification (SRI) seedling tray. The configurations of the two types of mechanisms were generated based on their positions relative to a seedling tray conveyor, seed container and size of seeding manifold. The screw based mechanism consists of a vertical screw to which the seeding manifold was mounted and a horizontal screw to which the vertical mechanism was mounted. The vertical screw bearing the seeding manifold reciprocates down to pick seeds from seed container and back to the initial position. The horizontal screw translates horizontally to deliver the vertical screw bearing the seeding manifold to the seedling tray on the conveyor. The crank-rocker based mechanism consists of a pair of crank-rocker carrying a seeding manifold in between them. The mechanism rotates clock wise to pick seed and counter clock wise to drop the seed on the seedling tray. The time required for a complete pick and place circle was computed for both mechanisms using basic mechanics principles. Crank-rocker mechanism with a theoretical pick and place period of 1 second was found to be better than the screw based mechanism with 78.8 second per pick and place circle.

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Albaghdadi, Anwr M., Masri B. Baharom, and Shaharin A. Sualiman. "Balancing and Simulation of a Double Crank-Rocker Engine Model for Optimum Reduction of Shaking Forces and Shaking Moments." Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems 8, no. 2 (April 28, 2021): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/mmep.080210.

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In this paper, a new configuration of Crank-Rocker (CR) model has been proposed by duplicating its mechanism. The method has been implemented to overcome vibration problem on a single-piston Crank-Rocker engine caused by system unbalance. The new method suggests combining conventional method of adding counterweights to reduce shaking forces and eliminating the inertial moments on system by implementing the new layout. A dynamic study of the new model is presented, then the objective function is derived and implemented to perform the optimization process. Related design variables and system constraints are introduced to determine attached counterweights optimized characteristics. For results validation, the simulation, dynamic analysis, and optimization process were conducted using ADAMS VIEW® software. The output results were presented and discussed to verify the validity of the suggested method. It was noticed that the method was very effective and has managed to reduce the total shaking forces by about 91%, shaking moment by about 66%; and the driving torque by 27%.

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Barri, Muhammad Hablul, Tirta Yudha Hernanda, Aipujana Tiara Santoso, Muhammad Nur Faizi, Muhammad Saehata Mahrus, and Rafif Rizqullah. "Wheeled Robot Drive Design with Rocker-Bogie System for Searching for Earthquake Victims." JTECS : Jurnal Sistem Telekomunikasi Elektronika Sistem Kontrol Power Sistem dan Komputer 1, no. 2 (July 14, 2021): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.32503/jtecs.v1i2.1681.

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Potensi bencana yang cukup tinggi di Indonesia membuat pemerintah selalu mendukung segala program untuk menanggulangi bencana tersebut. Salah satau kendala yang dihadapi dalam mitigasi bencana adalah mengevakuasi korban sedini mungkin, agar tidak muncul korban berikutnya. Susahnya medan membuat petugas tidak mudah menemukan korban yang tertimpa puing bangunan dan sejenisnya. Sehingga diperlukan robot yang mampu membantu petugas dalam menemukan korban yang tertimpa oleh puing-puing bangunan. Batasan robot yang harus direalisasikan adalah robot harus mampu melewati segala medan dengan standar komunikasi yang memungkinkan untuk diterapkan pada daerah bencana. Dalam paper ini dibahas bagaimana merancang mekanisme robot beroda dengan mekanisme kaki-kaki rocker-bogie yang mampu melewati segala medan. Mekanisme rocker bogie lebih unggul dibanding dengan sistem rantai, terlebih pada medan yang berupa tangga dengan kemiringan diatas 300. Metode dynamic window approach juga diimplementasikan untuk memudahkan robot menuju ke titik tujuan atau titik awal secara mandiri. Dari beberapa pengujian didapatkan hasil robot mampu melewati objek berupa gundukan pasir dengan ketinggian hinggan 40 cm dengan kemiringan diatas 300. Sedangkan jangauan yang mampu dilewati mampu mencapa 7 meter dengan kemiringan kurang dari 100. Dari pengujian juga didapatkan hasil dari 8 jenis peletakan obstacle yang berbeda, robot berhasil kembali ke titik awal dengan eror rata-rata sebesar 1.0513m

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Nicholson, James, Mukund R. Shukla, and Praveen K. Saxena. "In vitro rooting of hybrid hazelnuts (Corylus avellana × Corylus americana) in a temporary immersion system." Botany 98, no. 7 (July 2020): 343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2019-0206.

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Commercial micropropagation of hybrid hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L. × C. americana Marshall) has been limited, owing to their poor rooting ability in vitro as well as ex vitro, leading to high mortality of plantlets transplanted in the greenhouse. The objective of this study was to develop an efficient and cost-effective protocol for rooting and plantlet acclimation of in vitro grown hazelnut shoots. Efficient in vitro rooting was accomplished in a rocker-based temporary immersion bioreactor system. The use of a temporary immersion system (TIS) in combination with the inert substrate Oasis® In Vitro Express (IVE) significantly improved the in vitro rooting efficiency (100%) compared with semi-solid medium (27%) after four weeks of culture. A higher density (36 explants/vessel) of shoot explants in the TIS was found to support a significantly greater shoot height, chlorophyll content, and longest root length, compared with the lowest density treatment (12 explants/vessel). Efficiency of rooting and the number of roots formed were similar for both the high and low density of explants in the culture vessels, and the resulting plantlets exhibited > 80% survival in the greenhouse. These results demonstrate the usefulness of rocker-based TIS for commercial micropropagation of hazelnuts and, potentially, other tree species.

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Altaf, Khurram, Masri Baharom, A. Rashid A. Aziz, Junaid A. Qayyum, and Mirza Jahanzaib. "Rapid Prototyping of a Customized Cooling System for a Novel Crank Rocker Engine." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.17 (August 1, 2018): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.17.16628.

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A novel internal combustion engine termed as Crank Rocker Engine has been developed at Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP) Malaysia. In the existing design, the engine cylinder is cooled through forced convection which is not efficient and malfunctioning of cooling system could lead to engine overheating. The objective of the current study is to develop a concept of an integrated and customized cooling system for the Crank-Rocker engine and to develop through rapid prototyping (RP). The proposed cooling system comprises of an integrated cooling water jacket around the engine cylinder, which works on the principle of forced convection. The forced convection is energy intensive and not suitable for stationary engines. Therefore, an enhanced design of the cooling system is required to improve the overall performance of the engine. Since the engine cylinder is curved, the conventional manufacturing technologies could be difficult to apply for the development of cooling system. For swift, precise and economic development as well as performance analysis of the cooling system, RP technique could be promising. In the present study, a customized and modified cooling system has been designed and developed through fused deposition modelling (FDM), an efficient RP technology. Design for additive manufacturing (DFAM) is applied to mitigate development time and support structures of the cooling system. The design is proposed by keeping in view the cooling performance and manufacturability.

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Кулик, Анатолий Степанович, Константин Юрьевич Дергачев, Сергей Николаевич Пасичник, and Юрий Александрович Немшилов. "АЛГОРИТМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ УГЛОВЫМ ДВИЖЕНИЕМ КОРОМЫСЛА С ВИНТОВЫМИ ЭЛЕКТРОПРИВОДАМИ." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 4 (August 28, 2020): 44–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2020.4.06.

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The subject of study in the article is the process of forming algorithms for controlling the angular motion of the rocker with a screw electric actuator. The purpose is to develop approaches to the formation of algorithms for controlling the angular motion of the rocker with a screw electric actuator as the automatic control object. Tasks: to specify the synthesis process of the state control algorithm for a linear mathematical description of the automatic control object in the state space according to the minimum criterion of the integral from the weighted error module. To form the block diagram of the automatic control system by the state. To improve the approach to the development of algorithms for controlling automatic control objects by output for mathematical description in the frequency domain. To illustrate the features of the approach on the specific example of automatic control object represented by transfer functions in terms of references and disturbances. To develop the simulation scheme in Simulink and study the reactions to stepwise references and disturbances. To develop the approach to the formation of control algorithms for the diagnosis of the rocker as the automatic control object. To describe the procedure and means of deep diagnosis of emergency situations of the automatic control object. To develop means of recovery the automatic control object. The methods used are the state space method, transfer function method, integral optimality criteria, methods of diagnosing, and recovering. The following results were obtained: approaches to the formation of algorithms for controlling the angular motion of the rocker with a screw electric actuator using linear mathematical descriptions in time and frequency domains were formed. Conclusions. The scientific novelty lies in the formation of approaches to the development of algorithms for controlling the angular position of the rocker with a screw electric actuator which differs from the known accounting the structural and functional features of the automatic control object.

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Jana, Mr Anup Kumar. "Modeling and Analysis of a Rocker-Bogie System to Improve its Performance." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 7, no. 10 (October 31, 2019): 714–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2019.10110.

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MORI, Yuki, Keigo WATANABE, and Isaku NAGAI. "Development of an Omnidirectional Mobile Platform with a Rocker-bogie Suspension System." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2016 (2016): 2A1–07b5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2016.2a1-07b5.

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Neumann, Lutz, Heinz Ulbrich, and Friedrich Pfeiffer. "New Model of a CVT Rocker-Pin Chain With Exact Joint Kinematics." Journal of Computational and Nonlinear Dynamics 1, no. 2 (November 28, 2005): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2162869.

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The improvement of continuously variable transmissions (CVTs) is a challenging task. Detailed dynamic models of the system are needed for the optimization process. This paper introduces a new model of a rocker-pin chain, which is the central part of a chain CVT. During the derivation of the equations of motion, special attention is turned on the exact description of the joint kinematics. An interesting method to speed up the numerical simulation of the chain drive is introduced, which takes into account the special structure of the mass matrix. Simulation results show the strong influence of the geometry of the rocker-pin joints on the dynamics of the whole gear. Further reasonable gear efficiencies can be estimated for arbitrary joint geometries. This model is an excellent basis for further work on optimization of the CVT chain.

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GU, YAODONG, JIANSHE LI, XUEJUN REN, MARK LAKE, and ZHIYONG LI. "A PILOT STUDY IN DIFFERENT UNSTABLE DESIGNS ON THE BIOMECHANICAL EFFECT OF GAIT CHARACTERISTICS." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 12, no. 05 (December 2012): 1250031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519412500315.

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The purpose of this study was to compare kinematics and kinetics during walking for healthy subjects using unstable shoes with different designs. Ten subjects participated in this study, and foot biomechanical data during walking were quantified using motion analysis system and a force plate. Data were collected for unstable shoes condition after accommodation period of one week. With soft material added in the heel region, the peak impact force was effectively reduced when compared among similar shapes. In addition, the soft material added in the rocker bottom showed more to be in dorsiflexed position during the initial stance. The shoe with three rocker curves design reduced the contact area in the heel strike, which may result in increasing human body forward speed. Further studies shall be carried out after adapting to long periods of wearing unstable shoes.

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Gal-Tzur, Z., M. Shpitalni, and S. Malkin. "Design and Manufacturing Analyses for Integrated CAD/CAM of Cams." Journal of Engineering for Industry 111, no. 4 (November 1, 1989): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3188765.

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Design and manufacturing analyses are presented which are the basis for an integrated CAD/CAM system for cams. The design analysis begins with the lift schedule specified either by analytical functions or by discrete data points which are transformed to an analytical form by cubic spline interpolation. The required cam contour and its curvature at each point on the cam periphery are then derived. Machining of the required cam shape is analyzed for NC jig grinding, CNC grinding, and rocker grinding. For NC jig grinding only the geometrical aspects of the process are analyzed, but for CNC and rocker grinding both the geometrical and physical aspects of the process are considered for control of cam geometry and thermal damage. Integration of design and maufacturing tasks in this way allows for manufacturing characteristics and limitations to be taken into account in the design stage.

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Cui, Hao Tian, Wang Yang, Qing Qing Li, Yue Qing Yu, Li Zheng Ma, and Yu Mo Wang. "A New Design of Three-Legged Robot of Mechanical and Control System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 690–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.690.

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A new type of three-legged robot design scheme is proposed and the movement control of it is studied in this paper. Spatial crank rocker mechanism (RSSR) is used to will the motor rotation into a leg swinging in mechanical design. Advanced reduced instruction-set computer machines (ARM) chip, wireless communication module and magnetic encoder are used in controller design. Proportional and differential (PD) closed loop control arithmetic is used to realize the control of the robot. The robot realizes the movement of straight walk, curve walk, turning in situ, jumping and so on. It has a broad application prospect.

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Xie, Xiao Lin, and Feng Gao. "The Design and Characteristic Analysis of the Steering System of Balanced Rocker Wheeled Chassis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 743 (March 2015): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.743.3.

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According to the particularity of balanced rocker wheeled chassis, a four wheel independent steering system was designed. The chassis of the two degree of freedom model was established, the proportional feedback control of yawing angular velocity and front wheel Angle-yawing angular velocity was simulated, the chassis steering performance under the two classic control methods was analyzed, then the dynamics of mechanical model was established in ADAMS software, the steering performance under different speed was simulated. At last, compared with two simulation results, it was proved that the steering system has good handling stability.

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Pei, Xi, Min Xu, and Dong Guo. "Aeroelastic-Acoustics Numerical Simulation Research." Applied Mechanics and Materials 226-228 (November 2012): 500–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.226-228.500.

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The generation of aerodynamic noise of aircraft in flight is due to dynamical system and aerodynamic .The response of aircraft subjected to High acoustic loads and aerodynamic loads can produce fatigue and damage. In this paper a new Aeroelastic- Acoustics which adds acoustic loads in aeroelastic is presented. The emphasis of the study is the discipline of displacement and load of the flexible structure under the unsteady aerodynamic, inertial, elastic and aero-acoustic. The CFD/CSD/CAA coupling is used to simulate rockets cabin. Sound generated by a rocker is predicted numerically from a Large Eddy simulation (LES) of unsteady flow field. The Lighthill acoustic analogy is used to model the propagation of sound. The structural response of rocket cabin was given. The boundary-layer transition on the pressure side of the cabin is visualized, by plotting to better illustrate the essential interaction between fluctuating pressure and structure.CFD/CSD/CAA coupling compute method is validated in low and middle frequency.

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Huang, Wei Na, Jian Ming Zhang, and Xiao Bo Liu. "Transmission Performance of the Mechanical Control System in the Aircraft." Applied Mechanics and Materials 484-485 (January 2014): 368–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.484-485.368.

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This article introduces two ways of calculating the transmission parameter of the mechanical system in the aircraft based on the traditional computational method. One is the method of fixed point coordinate which is based on spatial Analytic Geometry and spatial coordinate transformation can calculate the motion parameter of various links, the effective radius of the limit position rocker as well as the transmission ratio by fixed point coordinate. The other method can establish the model of control system by using the MDT module of the three-dimensional mapping software CATLA. It also can realize analog computation and system optimization which points at the transmission parameter of the mechanical system by using DMU module.

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Liu, Zhen Dong, Yan Ting Zhang, Lu Meng Huang, Kang Wang, and Ming Bin Shi. "Rocker Arm Force Analysis of Crown-Block Heave Compensation System Based on ADAMS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 872 (October 2017): 266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.872.266.

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This paper compares three common installation ways of swing arm and carries out simulation analysis by using Adams software. The research results show that when using intercrossed enwinding wirerope, the swing arm will bear alternating load and the load variation range is huge, load G’ will change obviously and bring great impact on system control precision. When using along enwinding wirerope, the swing arm’s load is slightly bigger than wirerope tension and the load variation range is very small, load G’ will be static and it’s easy to get high control precision. By reducing the length of lower swing arm, increasing the length of upper swing arm and the offset distance, its working condition can be improved when using intercrossed enwinding wirerope.

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Palit, Piyas, Souvik Das, Suman Mukhopadhya, Nilotpal Dey, and Sandip Bhattacharyya. "Failure analysis of Rocker liner used as a charging system of blast furnace." Case Studies in Engineering Failure Analysis 1, no. 3 (July 2013): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csefa.2013.06.001.

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Chassapis, C., and G. G. Lowen. "Computer Simulation of a Press Feed Mechanism and Experimental Confirmation." Journal of Mechanical Design 116, no. 1 (March 1, 1994): 248–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919355.

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An experimentally verified simulation of the elastic-dynamic behavior of a lever-type feed mechanism is presented. Based on a combination of experimental and analytical findings, simplified motion equations could be introduced. In the experimental set-up, the motion of the mechanism is monitored by three angular encoders, which are attached to the drive shaft, the rocker-link shaft, and the feed roller shaft, respectively. Their output, which is stored in a specially designed data acquisition system, allows the correlation of the instantaneous rotations of the feed roller and the rocker shafts to that of the drive shaft. Strain gages provide in and out-of-plane bending-strain histories of the bent coupler. Experiment and theory, for different loading conditions, are correlated by way of the coupler strain, the clutch windup angle and the total feed length. Good qualitative and quantitative agreement between computed and experimental results was found.

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Zuo, Dun Wen, Dang Zeng, Hong Xiang Wang, Wen Zhuang Lu, and M. Wang. "Study on Substrate Temperature Field during its Swing Movement in Miniature HFCVD System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 10-12 (December 2007): 599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.10-12.599.

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Based on the traditional HFCVD system, a new set of miniature HFCVD diamond film-deposition system with a swingabe substrate platform has been designed. Simulations of the substrate temperature field have been done respectively when the platform is still, rotating continuously, or swinging. The results suggest that when the swing angle is bigger than 100, uniform temperature field close to that achieved through continuous rotation can be got. So, in this paper, the crank-rocker mechanism has been used to produce a swingable substrate platform, which simplifies the traditional structure. And satisfactory temperature field can be achieved. It meets the requirements of the miniaturization design.

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Yang, Xue Feng, and Li Gang Chen. "Intelligent Vision Tester Based on Embedded System." Advanced Materials Research 971-973 (June 2014): 1234–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.971-973.1234.

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To solve the problem that artificial visual acuity measuring efficiency is low in hospital and school,and waste of resources,this design introduces an intelligent vision test instrument.The instrument is controlled by Embedded system [1,2], including the power supply circuit, a wireless remote control circuit module,LED display circuit,digital display circuit,a voice circuit etc.Beginning of vision test after audio prompt.This time the LED random light under every line in the standard visual acuity chart.The test selects the direction of wireless remote control rocker of "up", "down", "left", "right"through the "E" the opening direction on standard visual acuity chart.Data is transmitted to the Embedded system,after data processing,to judge whether he is right and wrong,and then displayed.Intelligent vision testing instrument can achieve the anticipated goal,finally complete the design and production, The overall structure of the circuit device is simple, stable performance, the test results meet the requirements.

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Stahl, John S., Robert A. James, Brian S. Oommen, Freek E. Hoebeek, and Chris I. De Zeeuw. "Eye Movements of the Murine P/Q Calcium Channel Mutant Tottering, and the Impact of Aging." Journal of Neurophysiology 95, no. 3 (March 2006): 1588–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00318.2005.

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Mice carrying mutations of the gene encoding the ion pore of the P/Q calcium channel (Cacna1a) are an instance in which cerebellar dysfunction may be attributable to altered electrophysiology and thus provide an opportunity to study how neuronal intrinsic properties dictate signal processing in the ocular motor system. P/Q channel mutations can engender multiple effects at the single neuron, circuit, and behavioral levels; correlating physiological and behavioral abnormalities in multiple allelic strains will ultimately facilitate determining which alterations of physiology are responsible for specific behavioral aberrations. We used videooculography to quantify ocular motor behavior in tottering mutants aged 3 mo to 2 yr and compared their performance to data previously obtained in the allelic mutant rocker and C57BL/6 controls. Tottering mutants shared numerous abnormalities with rocker, including upward deviation of the eyes at rest, increased vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) phase lead at low stimulus frequencies, reduced VOR gain at high stimulus frequencies, reduced gain of the horizontal and vertical optokinetic reflex, reduced time constants of the neural integrator, and reduced plasticity of the VOR as assessed in a cross-axis training paradigm. Unlike rocker, young tottering mutants exhibited normal peak velocities of nystagmus fast phases, arguing against a role for neuromuscular transmission defects in the attenuation of compensatory eye movements. Tottering also differed by exhibiting directional asymmetries of the gains of optokinetic reflexes. The data suggest at least four pathophysiological mechanisms (two congenital and two acquired) are required to explain the ocular motor deficits in the two Cacna1a mutant strains.

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López-Moral, Mateo, Raúl Juan Molines-Barroso, Francisco Javier Álvaro-Afonso, Luigi Uccioli, Eric Senneville, and José Luis Lázaro-Martínez. "Importance of Footwear Outsole Rigidity in Improving Spatiotemporal Parameters in Patients with Diabetes and Previous Forefoot Ulcerations." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 4 (March 25, 2020): 907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9040907.

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We aimed to identify if any differences existed in spatiotemporal parameters during gait among different densities of rocker soles in patients with a history of neuropathic ulcerations and the differences in comfort between shoe conditions. This study was a cross-sectional study of 24 patients with diabetes and a history of neuropathic diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Spatiotemporal parameters (duration of stance phase (ms), stride length (cm), and step velocity (m/s)) were analyzed in barefoot, semirigid outsole, and rigid outsole footwear conditions. A dynamic pressure measurement system (Footscan® system, RSscan International, Olen, Belgium) was used to assess shoe conditions. We also analyzed differences in comfort between the shoe conditions using a visual analog scale. A Wilcoxon test for paired samples was used to assess gait differences. Result showed that a rigid outsole causes changes in the subphases of the stance phase (p < 0.001; Cohen d = 0.6) compared to a semirigid outsole. Stride length (p < 0.001; Cohen d = 0.66) and step velocity were significantly longer (p < 0.001; Cohen d = 2.03) with the use of rigid outsole footwear. A rigid rocker sole reduces the time of the stance phase, in addition to increasing the stride length and velocity of step in patients with a previous history of DFUs.

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Cole, L. A., J. M. Scheid, and R. L. Tannen. "Induction of mitochondrial metabolism and pH-modulated ammoniagenesis by rocking LLC-PK1 cells." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 251, no. 2 (August 1, 1986): C293—C298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1986.251.2.c293.

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In an effort to find a model system in which the regulation of renal ammoniagenesis could be delineated, the LLC-PK1 line of cultured pig kidney epithelial cells was examined. Ammonia production by normally cultured LLC-PK1 cells (monolayers on 75-cm2 flasks, under 6 ml still serum-containing medium) was found to be neither modulated by direct (3 h) nor adapted by chronic (3 day) manipulation of medium pH (production at pH 7.05, 7.40, or 7.60 not significantly different). Considering that the mitochondrial glutamine to alpha-ketoglutarate pathway is the major regulatory site of ammoniagenesis, and that mitochondrial metabolism might be restricted under the normal lactate-generating or hypoxic culture conditions, we examined ammonia production by rocked flasks of LLC-PK1 cells. Flask were rocked continually at a rate of 2.5 oscillations/min, thereby exposing the cells to the atmosphere 40-50% of the time and also maximizing medium O2 tension and nutrient-waste exchange. Mitochondrial enzyme activities in rocked LLC-PK1 cells were shown to be consistently 1.5-fold greater than those in normally cultured cells. Ammonia production by rocked cells was not only directly modulated by short incubations with low and high pH media (production at pH 7.05 greater than 7.40 greater than 7.60) but was adapted by chronic (3 day) manipulations of medium pH (16 h after return to pH 7.40 medium production by pH 7.05- greater than 7.40- greater than 7.60-adapted cells). Thus rocker culture of the LLC-PK1 cell line both induces mitochondrial metabolism and converts cellular ammoniagenesis to a pH-sensitive phenomenon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Wolfe, L., RM Stess, and PM Graf. "Dynamic pressure analysis of the diabetic charcot foot." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 81, no. 6 (June 1, 1991): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/87507315-81-6-281.

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Charcot foot is a form of neuropathic osteoarthropathy, occurring in one or more joints of the foot and ankle. It is a destructive process that alters the weightbearing areas of the foot and, in many cases, results in a rocker-bottom deformity. The authors present quantitative results of dynamic pressure analysis of Charcot foot with the EMED SF pressure analysis system and propose ways in which this information may be used in the evaluation and treatment of this deformity.

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Nayar, Hari, Junggon Kim, Brendan Chamberlain-Simon, Kalind Carpenter, Michael Hans, Anna Boettcher, Gareth Meirion-Griffith, Brian Wilcox, and Brian Bittner. "Design optimization of a lightweight rocker–bogie rover for ocean worlds applications." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 16, no. 6 (November 1, 2019): 172988141988569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881419885696.

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Relatively recent discoveries have shown that large quantities of water can be found on moons of some of the planets among the gas giants in our solar system. Robotic mobility systems can study the varied geology and origins of these bodies if they are able to navigate the complex terrains of ocean worlds. The topographical features of ocean worlds present a unique combination of challenges for mobility. These include cryogenic ice, penitentes, salt evaporites, chaotic regions, and regolith with uncertain shear and sinkage properties. Uncertainty in both terrain properties and geometry motivates design of a platform that is mobile within a large range of obstacle geometries and terrain properties. This article reports on a research effort to study the requirements and numerically optimize the kinematic parameters of the rover to satisfy these goals. The platforms selected in the process were further verified via simulation. A simulation and analysis of grousers generated suitable designs for interaction with similar ledges and rough terrain. From this analysis, a prototype was developed and tested to meet the wide range of topography and terramechanics conditions expected on these bodies.

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Tian, Xin, Hui Li, and Xian Ying Feng. "The CNC Development of the Sapphire Dig Rods Machine Based on the Z3050 Rocker Drill." Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (May 2013): 1817–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.1817.

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The dig rod process is the first step during the processing of sapphire. The Sapphire crystal lump cracks, the tool chipping and the low processing efficiency are the three common problems during the dig rod process. To solve these problems, developed the control system of the Sapphire dig rods machine based on the Z3050 rocker drill , applied fuzzy adaptive PID controller to detect the tool torque and adjust the tool feed rate real-timely, realized constant pressure closed-loop control, the experimental prototype successfully applied in the actual production. This paper introduces the composition, the principle of the system and its actual production.

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Yamamoto, Sumiko, Setsuro Ibayashi, Masako Fuchi, and Tadashi Yasui. "Immediate-term effects of use of an ankle–foot orthosis with an oil damper on the gait of stroke patients when walking without the device." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 39, no. 2 (January 27, 2014): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364613518340.

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Background:An ankle–foot orthosis using an oil damper is designed to enable natural movement of the ankle joint. Wearing an ankle–foot orthosis using an oil damper has been demonstrated to assist the first rocker in stroke patients, but its effect on their gait when not wearing it is unclear.Objectives:To determine the effect of use of ankle–foot orthosis using an oil damper on the gait of stroke patients with hemiparesis when not wearing the ankle–foot orthosis.Study design:Crossover study.Methods:The gait of eight stroke patients in the chronic phase when not wearing an ankle–foot orthosis was measured, using a three-dimensional motion analysis system, before using the ankle–foot orthosis using an oil damper and then without and with using the ankle–foot orthosis using an oil damper after 3 weeks of use. Differences in gait were compared between the three measurement conditions.Results:Use of ankle–foot orthosis using an oil damper significantly decreased preswing time and significantly increased the positive ankle joint power in stance when not wearing the ankle–foot orthosis using an oil damper.Conclusions:These changes indicate the promising therapeutic effects of ankle–foot orthosis using an oil damper use and suggest the ankle–foot orthosis using an oil damper’s potential as a therapeutic device.Clinical relevanceAfter 3 weeks of use of an ankle–foot orthosis using an oil damper, which assists the first rocker, the gait of stroke patients in the chronic phase when not wearing the ankle–foot orthosis using an oil damper was improved. Preswing time was significantly decreased and positive ankle joint power was significantly increased. The ankle–foot orthosis using an oil damper, which assists the first rocker function with natural movement of the ankle joint during gait, has the potential to improve the gait of stroke patients after immediate-term use.

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Sun, Li Xia, Xiang Yan Lv, Zhan Guo Zhang, Sheng Yuan Jiang, and Yan Xu. "Design of Multi-Grade Centroid Adjusting Mechanism for Simulation Inspection Device." Key Engineering Materials 561 (July 2013): 506–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.561.506.

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In order to simulate the adaptability and the fluctuation resistance ability of simulation inspection device and hanging ladder on ground, simulation inspection device and multi-grade centroid adjusting mechanism are designed in this paper. In the process of centroid adjusting, modification of the centroid position is transformed by means of mathematical model into a certain centroid adjusting mechanism, which is relative to displacement of Y Axis in calculating coordinate system and angle alternation between the adjustable centroid lever and the main rocker. The results show that the calculation is in good agreement with the analysis.

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Kushwah, Meenakshi S., and Ajay Gaur. "A rare case report of unusual presentation of Edward’s syndrome (trisomy 18)." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 5, no. 4 (June 22, 2018): 1685. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20182589.

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Edwards syndrome, a rare genetic disorder is characterized by the extra copy of chromosome 18. About 50% babies with this syndrome do not survive one week of age and approx. 95% do not survive past the first year of life. The syndrome is usually characterized by dysmorphic facies, microcephaly, flexion finger deformity and rocker- bottom feet. There is involvement of cardiacvascular and renal system with intellectual disability. Authors report a case of Edwards syndrome presenting with failure to thrive and developmental delay in the absence of usual clinical features of Edwards syndrome.

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Rojas-Sola, José, Belén Galán-Moral, and Eduardo De la Morena-De la Fuente. "Agustín de Betancourt’s Double-Acting Steam Engine: Geometric Modeling and Virtual Reconstruction." Symmetry 10, no. 8 (August 20, 2018): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym10080351.

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In this paper, the geometric modeling and virtual reconstruction of the double-acting steam engine designed by Agustín de Betancourt in 1789 are shown. For this, the software Autodesk Inventor Professional is used, which has allowed us to obtain its geometric documentation. The material for the research is available on the website of the Betancourt Project of the Canary Orotava Foundation for the History of Science. Almost all parts of the steam engine are drawn on the sheets, but due to the absence of scale and space, it is insufficient to obtain an accurate and reliable 3D CAD (Computer-Aided Design) model. For this reason a graphic scale has been adopted so that the dimensions of the elements are coherent. Also, it has been necessary to make some dimensional and geometric hypotheses, as well as restrictions of movement (degrees of freedom). Geometric modeling has made it possible to know that the system is balanced with the geometric center of the rocker arm shaft, and presents an energetic symmetry whose axis is the support of the parallelogram where the shaft rests: calorific energy to the left and mechanical energy to the right, with the rocker arm acting as a transforming element from one to the other.

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Yamamoto, Sumiko, Naoki Tomokiyo, Tadashi Yasui, and Toshikazu Kawaguchi. "Effects of plantar flexion resistive moment generated by an ankle-foot orthosis with an oil damper on the gait of stroke patients: a pilot study." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 37, no. 3 (October 17, 2012): 212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364612460266.

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Background: An ankle-foot orthosis with an oil damper was previously developed to assist the first rocker function during gait, but the effects of the amount of resistive moment generated on gait have not been clarified. Objectives: To measure the amount of resistive moment generated by the ankle-foot orthosis with an oil damper during gait and determine its effect on the gait of patients with stroke. Study Design: Preliminary cross-sectional study. Methods: The gait of four patients with stroke in the chronic phase was measured in four conditions: without an ankle-foot orthosis and with the ankle-foot orthosis with an oil damper generating three different amounts of resistive moment. Measurements were taken with a three-dimensional motion analysis system and a specially designed device to determine the resistive moment. Results: The resistive moment was observed in the former half in stance of the paretic limb, and its magnitude was less than 10 N m. Some gait parameters related to terminal stance and preswing were affected by the amount of resistive moment. The forward component of floor reaction force and the shank vertical angle showed peak values when the patients reported feeling most comfortable during gait. Conclusion: Although the resistive moment generated by the ankle-foot orthosis with an oil damper was small, it was sufficient to alter gait. Clinical relevance To maximize the effectiveness of ankle-foot orthoses, it is necessary to know the effects of resistive moment on the gait of patients with stroke. The ankle-foot orthosis with an oil damper assists the first rocker function in gait and also affects the gait in a later phase in stance. The peak values of some gait parameters coincided with patients reporting gait to be most comfortable. It is important to know that ankle-foot orthosis with an oil damper assistance in the first rocker alters the weight acceptance on the paretic limb and affects the gait parameters related to propulsion ability in stance.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Rocker system'

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