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1
Close, R. L., and M. D. B. Eldridge. "Rock-wallaby Bibliography." Australian Mammalogy 19, no. 2 (1996): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am97331.
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O'Neill, RJ Waugh, MDB Eldridge, R. Toder, MA Ferguson-Smith, P. C. O'Brien, and JAM Graves. "Chromosome evolution in kangaroos (Marsupialia: Macropodidae): Cross species chromosome painting between the tammar wallaby and rock wallaby spp. with the 2n = 22 ancestral macropodid karyotype." Genome 42, no. 3 (June 1, 1999): 525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g98-159.
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Marsupial mammals show extraordinary karyotype stability, with 2n = 14 considered ancestral. However, macropodid marsupials (kangaroos and wallabies) exhibit a considerable variety of karyotypes, with a hypothesised ancestral karyotype of 2n = 22. Speciation and karyotypic diversity in rock wallabies (Petrogale) is exceptional. We used cross species chromosome painting to examine the chromosome evolution between the tammar wallaby (2n = 16) and three 2n = 22 rock wallaby species groups with the putative ancestral karyotype. Hybridization of chromosome paints prepared from flow sorted chromosomes of the tammar wallaby to Petrogale spp., showed that this ancestral karyotype is largely conserved among 2n = 22 rock wallaby species, and confirmed the identity of ancestral chromosomes which fused to produce the bi-armed chromosomes of the 2n = 16 tammar wallaby. These results illustrate the fission-fusion process of karyotype evolution characteristic of the kangaroo group.
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Eldridge, M. D. B., A. C. C. Wilson, C. J. Metcalfe, A. E. Dollin, J. N. Bell, P. M. Johnson, P. G. Johnston, and R. L. Close. "Taxonomy of rock-wallabies, Petrogale (Marsupialia : Macropodidae). III. Molecular data confirms the species status of the purple-necked rock-wallaby (Petrogale purpureicollis Le Souef)." Australian Journal of Zoology 49, no. 4 (2001): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo00082.
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Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis was undertaken to resolve the systematic uncertainties surrounding the morphologically distinct purple-necked rock-wallaby (P. lateralis purpureicollis) of north-west Queensland, Australia. A comparison of mtDNA sequence divergence using both whole mtDNA restriction site and control-region sequence analyses revealed that P. l. purpureicollis was as well differentiated from other P. lateralis (black-footed rock-wallaby) taxa as P. lateralis was from P. penicillata (brush-tailed rock-wallaby) or P. assimilis (allied rock-wallaby). Phylogenetic analysis of the sequence data suggests thatP. lateralis (sensu lato) is paraphyletic, with P. l. purpureicollis being more closely aligned to P. penicillataand P. assimilis than to P. lateralis (sensu stricto). Data are also presented that demonstrate significant differences in the distribution of the telomeric repeat sequence (TTAGGG)n between the chromosomes of P. l. purpureicollis and the karyotypically similar MacDonnell Ranges race of P. lateralis. In addition, meiosis appears to be severely disrupted in the majority (73%) of oocytes examined from two P. l. purpureicollis MacDonnell Ranges race hybrids. In light of these findings we recommend that the purple-necked rock-wallaby be reinstated as a full species, P. purpureicollis Le Souef 1924.
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Cumming, Suzanne. "Proceedings of the 1994 Rock-wallaby Symposium Australian Mammalogy." Pacific Conservation Biology 4, no. 2 (1998): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc98172a.
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The widely studied Australian marsupial genus Petrogale comprises 15 species of rock-wallaby with 26 known taxa. They are found throughout mainland Australia and on some continental islands. Rock-wallabies prefer habitats containing rocky areas with complex topographies of rock-piles, cliffs, crevices, ledges and caves. Although no rock-wallaby species is critically endangered, many populations and races are at immediate risk of extinction, and there are unexplained declines occurring in populations that are not endangered. Southern Australian taxa and populations appear to be more threatened than northern Australian taxa.
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Kinnear, J. E., M. L. Onus, and R. N. Bromilow. "Fox control and rock-wallaby population dynamics." Wildlife Research 15, no. 4 (1988): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9880435.
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The population dynamics of five remnant rock-wallaby populations (Petrogale lateralis) persisting on granite outcrops in the central wheatbelt region of Western Australia were monitored over a six year period. From 1979 to 1982 all populations remained relatively static or declined for unknown reasons, but circumstantial evidence implicated fox predation. A fox control program was implemented in 1982 on two outcrops and was maintained for four years with the result that the two resident rock-wallaby populations increased by 138 and 223%. Two rock-wallaby populations occupying sites not subjected to fox control declined by 14 and 85%, and the third population increased by 29%. It was concluded that the fox has probably been a significant factor in the demise and decline of native mammals in the past, and that surviving populations are still at risk. Control of predation pressure on nature reserves was shown to be feasible from a management perspective.
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Lentle, R. G., I. D. Hume, K. J. Stafford, M. Kennedy, B. P. Springett, and S. Haslett. "Observations on fresh forage intake, ingesta particle size and nutrient digestibility in four species of macropod." Australian Journal of Zoology 51, no. 6 (2003): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo02032.
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The particle-size distributions of the ingesta of the sacciform forestomach in free-ranging animals of a grazing macropod species [Macropus eugenii (tammar wallaby)], a grazer/browser [Macropus parma (parma wallaby)], a browser/grazer [Petrogale penicillata (brush-tailed rock-wallaby)] and a browser [Wallabia bicolor (swamp wallaby)] from Kawau Island, New Zealand, were compared with those of captive animals maintained on a standing ryegrass (Lolium perenne) sward. Nutrient digestibility was also measured in tammar and parma wallabies fed ryegrass or browse, i.e. fresh mahoe (Melicytus ramiflora) and this was related to particle-size distributions of the ingesta.There were significant differences in the particle size distributions of digesta from tammar and parma wallabies in the wild but not in captivity. In free-ranging animals the ingesta from both browsing species, the brush-tailed rock-wallaby and the parma wallaby, contained consistently greater proportions of coarse particles and smaller proportions of fine particles than did those of the tammar wallaby. These differences may be correlated with reported differences in their tooth morphologies. However, the presence of significant differences in particle-size distributions of the digesta between brush-tailed rock-wallabies and parma wallabies when constrained to grass, despite reported similarities in their tooth morphology, suggests that factors other than tooth morphology contribute to differences in the oral processing of food by browsing and grazing macropods. There were greater proportions of grass fragments in the coarse than in the finer fractions of ingesta from free-ranging brush-tailed rock-wallabies, indicating that this species is less effective at chewing grass.There were no overall differences between tammar and parma wallabies in the digestibilities of organic matter, neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) or acid-detergent fibre (ADF) but the NDF and ADF digestibilites of both species increased significantly with increase in the proportion of fine ingesta particles and with increase in mass of fermentative digesta.These findings indicate the importance of oral processing to digestive efficiency in macropods and the relationship between oral processing and tooth morphology.
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Lentle, R. G., I. D. Hume, K. J. Stafford, M. Kennedy, S. Haslett, and B. P. Springett. "Comparisons of indices of molar progression and dental function of brush-tailed rock-wallabies (Petrogale penicillata) with tammar (Macropus eugenii) and parma (Macropus parma) wallabies." Australian Journal of Zoology 51, no. 3 (2003): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo02007.
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We measured parameters of molar progression and dental function in the brush-tailed rock-wallaby (Petrogale pencilliata) (a browser/grazer) and compared them with data from the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) (a grazer) and the parma wallaby (Macropus parma) (a grazer/browser).Although the mean value of the molar index (MI) was higher in rock-wallabies than in parma and tammar wallabies the mean rate of increase of log(MI) with log(body mass) was similar in the three species. Reported differences between these species in their rates of molar progression with age may therefore result from differences in their rates of bodily growth. The findings indicate that molar progression in the rock-wallaby is governed by the growth of the bones of the viscerocranium (mesial shift), rather than by diet-induced movement of the teeth within the bones of the viscerocranium (mesial drift), and was not influenced by the persistence of P4 premolars. It is therefore unlikely that differences in the rate of molar progression are directly linked to differences in diet.The relationship between functional dental parameters and body mass differed between brush-tailed rock-wallabies and tammar wallabies, species of differing dietary habit, but did not differ between brush-tailed rock-wallabies and parma wallabies, species of more similar dietary habit. Thus the total length of upper transverse lophine ridges and the interlophine distances of the M1 to M3 upper molars of brush-tailed rock-wallabies were not different from those of parma wallabies but were significantly greater than those of tammar wallabies. These differences can be interpreted in terms of greater emphasis on crushing/grinding of browse in the rock-wallabies and parma wallabies.
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Eldridge, M. D. B. "Rock-wallaby Conservation: Essential Data and Management Priorities. Proceedings of the 1994 National Rock-Wallaby Symposium Workshops." Australian Mammalogy 19, no. 2 (1996): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am97325.
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Workshops held at the 1994 National Rock- wallaby Symposium aimed to identify the gaps in knowledge that hinder the effective management and conservation of rock-wallabies. They also sought to identify research and management priorities for rock- wallabies at both the generic and individual taxon level. The requirements and difficulties of ensuring the implementation of research results and management strategies were also discussed.
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McCallum, H. I. "Rock-wallaby Biology and Management: Synthesis and Directions for Future Research." Australian Mammalogy 19, no. 2 (1996): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am97319.
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This paper is a summary and overview of the National Rock-wallaby Symposium held in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia in November/December 1994. Whilst no rock-wallaby taxon of full specific rank is critically endangered, many distinct populations are at immediate risk of extinction. In particular, there is a strong north-south gradient in the conservation status of rock-wallabies. Southern taxa are more threatened than northern taxa, and within species, southern populations are more threatened than northern ones. A clear agenda for future research emerged. Much of this agenda can usefully be placed in the "declining population paradigm" recently identified by Caughley (1994). The threatening process most clearly indicated is predation by foxes, but whether this applies to rock-wallaby populations throughout Australia needs to be determined. Until it is, any manipulations of predation pressure should be treated as experiments. To measure the success of such manipulations, improved methods of population monitoring must be developed. Finally, the level of knowledge about rock-wallabies must be improved, both at the broad scale of taxonomy and distribution, and at the fine scale of detailed studies of the ecology and behaviour of particular populations.
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Haouchar, D., J. Haile, P. B. S. Spencer, and M. Bunce. "The identity of the Depuch Island rock-wallaby revealed through ancient DNA." Australian Mammalogy 35, no. 1 (2013): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am11044.
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Ancient DNA is becoming increasingly recognised as a tool in conservation biology to audit past biodiversity. The widespread loss of Australian biodiversity, especially endemic mammal populations, is of critical concern. An extreme example occurred on Depuch Island, situated off the north-west coast of Western Australia, where an unidentified species of rock-wallaby (Petrogale sp.) became extinct as a result of predation by red foxes. Two potential candidate species, Petrogale lateralis and P. rothschildi, both have ranges adjacent to Depuch Island, making identification based on geography difficult. A museum bone (one of the only surviving Depuch Island specimens) was subjected to standard ancient DNA analyses and procedures. Mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b and hypervariable control region were targeted for species identification. Ancient DNA was successfully recovered from the bone: 200 base pairs (bp) of control region and 975 bp of the cytochrome b gene. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses were employed to model the Depuch Island rock-wallaby DNA sequences together with sequences of other rock-wallaby taxa from GenBank. Evidence suggests that of the two Petrogale lateralis subspecies proposed to have inhabited Depuch Island, Petrogale lateralis lateralis was identified as the most likely. The identification of the Depuch Island rock-wallaby population may assist in the reintroduction of an insurance population of Petrogale lateralis lateralis, which is becoming increasingly threatened on mainland Australia.
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Kinnear, J. E., C. J. Krebs, C. Pentland, P. Orell, C. Holme, and R. Karvinen. "Predator-baiting experiments for the conservation of rock-wallabies in Western Australia: a 25-year review with recent advances." Wildlife Research 37, no. 1 (2010): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr09046.
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Predation is widely believed to be the main threatening process for many native vertebrates in Australia. For 25 years, predator-baiting experiments have been used in the Western Australian Central Wheatbelt to control red fox predation on rock-wallabies and other endangered marsupial prey elsewhere. We review here the history of a series of baiting experiments designed to protect rock-wallaby colonies by controlling red foxes with 1080 poison baits. We continue to support the conclusion that red foxes can reduce or exterminate rock-wallaby populations in Western Australia. Research trials from 1990 to 2008 have uniformly shown a dramatic recovery of rock-wallaby populations once red foxes are baited. Baiting experiments are often black boxes and their success should not blind us to their weaknesses. Ideally, what we would like to measure are the functional responses of predators to prey abundance directly. As a contribution towards this goal, we describe new technology that enables one to determine which predator killed which prey, at exactly what time, with improved research and management outcomes.
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Telfer, Wendy R., and Anthony D. Griffiths. "Dry-season use of space, habitats and shelters by the short-eared rock-wallaby (Petrogale brachyotis) in the monsoon tropics." Wildlife Research 33, no. 3 (2006): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr05032.
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It is widely recognised that the use of fixed diurnal shelters by rock-wallabies greatly affects their ecology. However, the details of how shelters and surrounding habitats are used, and how similar these characteristics are across rock-wallaby species, remain scarcely understood. The dry season home range, and use of habitats and den sites, of the short-eared rock wallaby (Petrogale brachyotis) were examined at Litchfield National Park, Northern Territory, Australia. We radio-tracked 10 individuals on foot to locate diurnal shelters, and with fixed towers to determine their nocturnal positions. P. brachyotis used a range of rock piles and outcrops for dens, and showed a strong preference for rocky habitats and adjacent woodland. On average, animals used four dens within outcrops, as well as more exposed resting sites. Individual rock-wallabies sometimes shared dens, but there appeared to be male–male intolerance of simultaneous use of dens. Mean home range in the dry season was 18.3 ha, and there was no significant difference in home-range area between sexes. Use of space by P. brachyotis was very similar to that reported for another tropical rock-wallaby species, P. assimilis, and many behavioural traits were also similar to those found in other species of Petrogale.
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Morris, Shane D., Christopher N. Johnson, and Barry W. Brook. "Roughing it: terrain is crucial in identifying novel translocation sites for the vulnerable brush-tailed rock-wallaby ( Petrogale pencillata )." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 12 (December 2020): 201603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201603.
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Translocations—the movement of species from one place to another—are likely to become more common as conservation attempts to protect small isolated populations from threats posed by extreme events such as bushfires. The recent Australian mega-fires burnt almost 40% of the habitat of the brush-tailed rock-wallaby ( Petrogale pencillata ), a threatened species whose distribution is already restricted, primarily due to predation by invasive species. This chronic threat of over-predation, coupled with the possible extinction of the genetically distinct southern population (approx. 40 individuals in the wild), makes this species a candidate for a conservation translocation. Here, we use species distribution models to identify translocation sites for the brush-tailed rock-wallaby. Our models exhibited high predictive accuracy, and show that terrain roughness, a surrogate for predator refugia, is the most important variable. Tasmania, which currently has no rock-wallabies, showed high suitability and is fox-free, making it a promising candidate site. We outline our argument for the trial translocation of rock-wallaby to Maria Island, located off Tasmania's eastern coast. This research offers a transparent assessment of the translocation potential of a threatened species, which can be adapted to other taxa and systems.
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Pearson, D., and The Ngaanyatjarra Council. "Aboriginal Involvement in The Survey and Management of Rock-wallabies." Australian Mammalogy 19, no. 2 (1996): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am97249.
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Rock-wallaby populations in central desert regions are insidiously disappearing through a continuing process of local extinctions. Their survival will depend on collaboration between Aboriginal Councils and communities, and conservation agencies. While collaborative survey work to locate rock-wallaby populations has been successful, the next step of managing remnant populations will be more challenging. Differences in concepts of extinction and the preservation of bio-diversity, funding constraints and the cultural appropriateness of management programs are important factors which need to be addressed. These issues are examined with examples of recent initiatives in Western Australia.
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Lundie-Jenkins, G., and E. Findlay. "Distribution and Status of Rock-wallabies in The Northern Territory." Australian Mammalogy 19, no. 2 (1996): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am97175.
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Three species of rock-wallabies are currently known from the Northern Territory (N.T.). The Black-footed Rock-wallaby Petrogale lateralis is listed by ANZECC as vulnerable and N.T. populations are known to have declined over the past 40 years. The conservation status of the other two species from the N.T., the Short-eared Rock-wallaby Petrogale brachyotis and the Nabarlek Petrogale concinna is uncertain. Both species are officially listed as common however their ranges appear to be highly fragmented and populations have declined in several locations. Whilst there are populations of all three species represented in the N.T. reserve system there are currently no formal programs to monitor or manage these populations. The factors of most concern in relation to conservation of rock-wallabies in the N.T. are changes in fire regimes, grazing by feral and domestic stock and introduced predators.
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Gordon, Gregory, Peter McRae, Leong Lim, Darryl Reimer, and Gary Porter. "The conservation status of the yellow-footed rock-wallaby in Queensland." Oryx 27, no. 3 (July 1993): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300027964.
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A survey of the distribution of the yellow-footed rock-wallaby Petrogale xanthopus was carried out in Queensland from 1984 to 1987. The species was found at 44 sites to the north and north-west of Adavale in south-western Queensland, mainly in the rugged country along the edges of low sandstone tablelands and hills. The size of the rock-wallaby population could not be estimated with accuracy, but is considered to be of the order of 5000–10,000 animals. The species is vulnerable because of property development in the area and possibly because of competition from other herbivores. The authors recommend regular monitoring of the population size.
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Creese, Sonja, Stephen J. J. F. Davies, and Barbara J. Bowen. "Comparative dietary analysis of the black-flanked rock-wallaby (Petrogale lateralis lateralis), the euro (Macropus robustus erubescens) and the feral goat (Capra hircus) from Cape Range National Park, Western Australia." Australian Mammalogy 41, no. 2 (2019): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am17059.
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The black-flanked rock-wallaby (Petrogale lateralis lateralis) is a threatened species, once widespread throughout Western Australia but now restricted to disjunct populations including those of Cape Range National Park. It is a herbivore with a foraging range restricted to rocky outcrops and, as such, may be impacted by competition for resources from other native or introduced herbivores. This study compared the diet of the black-flanked rock-wallaby with those of co-occurring species, the euro (Macropus robustus erubescens) and the feral goat (Capra hircus), from two gorges at Cape Range National Park, to determine whether there is overlap in dietary niches. Diet composition was determined using microhistological analysis of faecal pellets in comparison with reference plant material. The black-flanked rock-wallaby diet consisted predominately of browse/forbs with some variation across seasons (63% in summer months; 74% in winter months); this overlapped significantly with the diet of goats (Schoener Index: 0.79–0.88), but not euros (SI: 0.41–0.57), whose diet consisted predominantly of grasses (72–78%). There was, however, a significant overlap in the consumption of plants with stellate hairs for all three herbivores (SI: 0.89–0.98). Dietary overlap between rock-wallabies and goats may indicate a mechanism for competition, supporting continuing measures for reduction of goat numbers in Cape Range National Park.
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Kinnear, J. E., M. L. Onus, and Neil R. Sumner. "Fox control and rock-wallaby population dynamics — II. An update." Wildlife Research 25, no. 1 (1998): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr96072.
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Five remnant populations of rock-wallabies (Petrogale lateralis) in the Western Australian wheatbelt have been the subjects of an experiment designed to assess the impact of fox predation on the population dynamics of this species. The effect of a fox-control programme, initiated in 1982 at two rock-wallaby sites, was first assessed in 1986 along with three other sites not subject to fox control. It was concluded that fox predation was the principal factor limiting the size and distribution of P. lateralis populations. In 1990 after a further four years of fox control, the experiment was reassessed and a comprehensive statistical analysis of the data set confirmed this conclusion. These results reinforce the need for conservation authorities across Australia to implement fox-control programmes to assure the survival of rock-wallaby populations (and other likewise-threatened species).
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Kinnear, J. E., C. Pentland, N. Moore, and C. J. Krebs. "Fox control and 1080 baiting conundrums: time to prepare for a CRISPR solution." Australian Mammalogy 39, no. 2 (2017): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am16020.
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For many years, managing rock-wallaby colonies (Petrogale lateralis lateralis) in the Western Australian Wheatbelt seemed to be a matter of routinely exposing foxes (Vulpes vulpes) to toxic baits (sodium fluoroacetate, 1080®) laid around their rocky outcrops. Recent research has revealed that 1080 baitings are no longer a viable management option. Baiting is flawed over the long term because it does not erase the wallabies’ pervasive fear of being depredated by foxes, which can still make their menacing presence felt before succumbing to poison bait. Accordingly, a ‘landscape of fear’ exists on all rock-wallaby sites, creating a ‘virtual boundary’ beyond which they fear to forage. Severe overgrazing occurs, ultimately causing population crashes, leaving behind devastated outcrops greatly diminished in carrying capacity. The fallout from this scenario produces a management conundrum. Rock-wallaby populations are unstable in the absence of fox control, and conversely, they are also unstable under long-term fox control. Management is now left with few options, and the future of the colonies remains open. Other conundrums involving bait interference and mesopredator release are described. An alternative to 1080 baiting is clearly needed. Recent developments in gene engineering (CRISPR technology) offer a solution in the foreseeable future.
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Sharp, Andy, Melinda Norton, Chris Havelberg, Wendy Cliff, and Adam Marks. "Population recovery of the yellow-footed rock-wallaby following fox control in New South Wales and South Australia." Wildlife Research 41, no. 7 (2014): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr14151.
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Context Introduced herbivores and carnivores have significantly altered ecosystems across Australia and have been implicated in the decline and extinction of many species, particularly in the arid and semiarid zones. The experimental confirmation of agents of decline is a fundamental step in threatened species management, allowing for an efficient allocation of resources and effective species recovery. Aims Following unsuccessful attempts to increase the abundance of yellow-footed rock-wallaby populations through concerted goat control across the southern extent of their range, the primary aim of our study was to determine whether fox predation was limiting the recovery of wallaby populations. Methods Intensive fox-control programs (1080 baiting) were initiated around wallaby subpopulations in New South Wales and South Australia. Wallaby numbers were monitored for a three-year period before and after the initiation of fox control, and ANCOVA used to examine for differences between the subpopulation’s rate of increase (r). Observational data were used to determine the demographic effects of fox predation on wallaby colonies in New South Wales. Key results Wallaby subpopulations that were treated with fox control increased significantly, while experimental control subpopulations remained at consistently low levels. Juvenile and subadult wallabies were apparent within the treated New South Wales subpopulation, but almost absent from the control subpopulation, suggesting that fox predation focussed primarily on these age classes. Conclusions Fox predation is a major limiting factor for southern wallaby populations and fox control should be the primary management action to achieve species recovery. Implications Although a significant limiting factor, the regulatory effect of fox predation was not assessed and, as such, it cannot be confirmed as being the causal factor responsible for the historic declines in wallaby abundance. The determination of whether fox predation acts in a limiting or regulatory fashion requires further experimentation, but its resolution will have significant implications for the strategic allocation of conservation resources.
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Horsup, A. "Home range of the allied rock-wallaby, Petrogale assimilis." Wildlife Research 21, no. 1 (1994): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9940065.
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The home range and movements of the allied rock wallaby, Petrogale assimilis, a small macropod of the seasonally wet-dry tropics of Queensland, were studied over a 22-month period. There was no significant difference in the size of home ranges (95% isopleth) or core areas (65% isopleth) of males and females. Home ranges were generally elliptical with a mean size of 11.9 ha. Season had a major effect on home ranges. The following measures were all significantly greater in the dry seasons than in the wet seasons: home-range size (larger), home-range shape (more elongate), distance moved by females when feeding (longer), distance between shelter site and home-range centre of activity (longer). Feeding movements of males did not vary seasonally and were as long as dry-season movements of females, suggesting that movements of males are primarily determined by behavioural rather than physiological considerations. The overlap of rock-wallaby home ranges varied little between the sexes or seasons and averaged 38%. Core areas overlapped by an average of 22%; however, feeding adult rock-wallabies rarely met other conspecifics, except their partners. A comparison of the fixes of unpaired wallabies that had overlapping home ranges showed that temporal separation was occurring. In contrast, the home ranges of consort pairs showed extremely high temporal and spatial overlap. Rock-wallabies exhibited strong fidelity to their home ranges. The overlap of the seasonal home ranges and core areas of each individual rock wallaby averaged 68% and 52%, respectively. However, the seasonal home range of a socially immature adult male altered in location and size as he matured socially until it stabilised when he obtained a permanent consort.
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Taggart, David A., David Schultz, Craig White, Peter Whitehead, Geoff Underwood, and Kevin Phillips. "Cross-fostering, growth and reproductive studies in the brush-tailed rock-wallaby, Petrogale penicillata (Marsupialia:Macropodidae): efforts to accelerate breeding in a threatened marsupial species." Australian Journal of Zoology 53, no. 5 (2005): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo05002.
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Pouch-young removal and cross-fostering trials were undertaken in the brush-tailed rock-wallaby, Petrogale penicillata, to assess whether this procedure could be used to accelerate breeding and recruitment in this threatened marsupial species. Basic reproductive data, lacking at the time of the study, were also collected. Eighteen pouch young, weighing 1–106 g, were fostered to either tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii, or yellow-footed rock-wallaby, Petrogale xanthopus, surrogate mothers. Sixteen P. penicillata pouch young were transferred to surrogate mothers whose own young were greater or equal in size to the P. penicillata young being transferred. Fourteen of these young survived (88%). Two of the P. penicillata pouch young were transferred to surrogate mothers whose own young was smaller in size than the P. penicillata young being transferred. Neither survived. Growth curves for pouch young on mothers and surrogate mothers were estimated. P. penicillata young reared by surrogate mothers grew at a similar rate, and were weaned at a similar age, to the pouch young of the foster species. Like other rock-wallaby species, P. penicillata underwent embryonic diapause and had a gestation period of ~30 days. Permanent pouch exit occurred at ~200 days and young became sexually mature at ~23 months for males and no later than 21 months for females. This study clearly demonstrates that pouch young of P. penicillata, as small as 1 g (~8 days old), can be removed and cross-fostered successfully. These procedures can be used to accelerate breeding and recruitment by up to six times in this threatened species provided an adequate source of surrogate mothers is available.
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Dovey, L., V. Wong, and P. Bayne. "An Overview of The Status and Management of Rock-wallabies (Petrogale) In New South Wales." Australian Mammalogy 19, no. 2 (1996): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am97163.
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Two species of rock-wallabies occur in New South Wales; the Yellow-footed Rock-wallaby Petrogale xanthopus in the far west and the Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby Petrogale penicillata in the east. Both species have contracted in distribution and abundance across their former range and are threatened in NSW. The P. xanthopus population in NSW now comprises only two sub-populations. Removal of large numbers of goats, thought to be the primary threat, has not halted the wallaby's decline. Fox and cat predation is now considered the major threat. Fox control is currently being conducted. P. penicillata has undergone a dramatic and continuing decline from being common throughout south-eastern Australia to currently being extremely rare in the southern and western parts of its range and found only in isolated colonies throughout the north of its range. Predation (particularly fox, but including dog and cat), once again, is considered the major threat. A recovery program has been commenced involving the media and wider community in locating extant colonies, as well as developing and implementing Population Management Plans. This program has documented further local extinctions and extremely low numbers of individuals in colonies in the southern and western parts of the range. While no surviving colonies are known between the Shoalhaven area and the Victorian border, there remain more and larger colonies in the north of the state.
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Willers, Nicole, Roy Butler, Chris Mayberry, and Peter Mawson. "Bronchogenic carcinoma in a male rock wallaby (Petrogale lateralis lateralis)." Australian Mammalogy 32, no. 2 (2010): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am10016.
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Rock wallabies (Petrogale spp.) often occur on isolated rocky outcrops in low-rainfall areas. One male wallaby, from a population of black-flanked rock wallabies (P. lateralis lateralis) being surveyed as part of an ecology and fertility study, died following capture. Post mortem examination revealed the animal to be in poor condition with signs of chronic stress and an extensive, metastasising bronchogenic carcinoma.
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Turpin, J. M., N. E. White, J. A. Dunlop, and M. J. Bamford. "New populations of the black-flanked rock-wallaby (Petrogale lateralis) from the Little Sandy Desert and Murchison, Western Australia." Australian Mammalogy 40, no. 2 (2018): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am14043.
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During two independent fauna surveys, rock-wallaby (Petrogale) scats were recorded from caves located outside the current known Petrogale distribution. Scats collected from Desert Queen Baths (Little Sandy Desert, Western Australia, 2012), and the Barr Smith Range (Murchison, Western Australia, 2015) were genetically analysed and a follow-up motion camera survey confirmed an extant rock-wallaby population at Desert Queen Baths. The combination of sampling techniques overcame the detection difficulties associated with rare and cryptic taxa, and together were important in establishing the presence of Petrogale lateralis from regions where the species has been poorly documented. At both locations, P. lateralis scats were recorded from deep caves situated close to permanent water, reflecting the species’ physiological constraints in the arid zone. These records represent significant range extensions of a highly threatened macropod.
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Barnes, Tamsin S., Anne W. Goldizen, John M. Morton, and Glen T. Coleman. "PARASITES OF THE BRUSH-TAILED ROCK-WALLABY (PETROGALE PENICILLATA)." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 46, no. 1 (January 2010): 218–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-46.1.218.
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Delaney, R. "Reproductive Ecology of The Allied Rock-wallaby, Petrogale assimilis." Australian Mammalogy 19, no. 2 (1996): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am97209.
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Petrogale assimilis has a typical life history and reproductive ecology for a macropodid of its size. Both sexes are capable of reproducing continuously; gestation is about the same length as the oestrous cycle (approximately one month); a single young is born and, a post-partum oestrus and embryonic diapause probably occurs. The sex ratio of young is unbiased. Pouch young remain permanently attached to the teat until 110 - 143 days (n=11). Permanent exit from the pouch occurs at 180 - 231 days (mean=201 days, n=25), and weaning occurs between 267 - 387 days (n=5). Sexual maturity occurs at a minimum age of 17.5 months in females and 23 months in males.
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Davies, W. G. "Saliva sharing in the allied rock-wallaby, Petrogale assimilis." Australian Mammalogy 35, no. 2 (2013): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am12020.
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Prolonged licking of the mouth of one individual by another has so far been reported for two species of rock-wallaby and the red kangaroo. It may occur in other macropodids. It is suggested that the primary function of lip-licking is the transfer of saliva to the fore-stomach of the licker so as to maintain water content of digesta at a sufficient level for efficient digestive fermentation. Lip-licking may be a useful behavioural indicator that water intake from milk, vegetation or drinking water is inadequate.The occurrence of the behaviour outside the mother–young relationship is indicative of the high level of cooperation that has evolved in Petrogale assimilis.
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Nolan, B. "An Update of The Proserpine Rock-wallaby Petrogale persephone Recovery Plan." Australian Mammalogy 19, no. 2 (1996): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am97309.
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The Proserpine Rock-wallaby (Petrogale persephone) was not discovered until 1976, with scientific description occurring in 1982 by G.M. Maynes. Petrogale persephone occurs only within the Whitsunday Shire and on Gloucester Island, North Queensland and lives amongst rocky outcrops in elevated pockets of semi-deciduous vine forests. Food is found within the forest and in adjoining woodlands. Changes in land use and habitat fragmentation, through clearing, has isolated many colonies. Habitat loss remains as the single biggest threat to this species followed by road kills in specific areas. Other threats include predation, harassment and transfer of disease from feral and domestic animals. A Recovery Plan has been prepared which identifies priorities for research and management. These priorities include distribution surveys and mapping of habitat, habitat utilisation by P. persephone, captive colony establishment to study reproduction and age estimation and identifying the significance of road kills and predation on the population dynamics of this rock-wallaby. A public education and awareness program has also been developed for implementation.
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Tuft, Katherine D., Mathew S. Crowther, and Clare McArthur. "Fire and grazing influence food resources of an endangered rock-wallaby." Wildlife Research 39, no. 5 (2012): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr11208.
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Context Fire and grazing have complex and interacting impacts on food resources available to endangered herbivores and can potentially be manipulated as part of conservation strategies. Aims We examined the interacting impacts of fire and grazing on the food resources available to a colony of endangered brush-tailed rock-wallabies (Petrogale penicillata) to test fire as a potential management tool. Methods We conducted two manipulative experiments using a repeated-measures split-block design. We measured the effects of grazing and strategic burning on total vegetation biomass and on particular plants selected by rock-wallabies. In the first experiment we measured the impact of rock-wallaby grazing alone. In the second experiment we measured grazing impacts by both rock-wallabies and potentially competitive sympatric macropods. Grazing was manipulated with three treatments: grazed (open), ungrazed (fenced) and procedural control (half fence). Key results In both experiments, burning resulted in greater above-ground biomass of plants selected by rock-wallabies. The response of different plant functional groups to fire was staggered, with forb biomass peaking early and browse biomass increasing above unburnt levels a year after burning. Conclusions Despite the limited grazing pressure exerted by the small colony of rock-wallabies in Experiment 1 we detected a negative grazing effect on forbs growing after fire in burnt plots. In Experiment 2, grazing pressure was much more marked due to the high densities of sympatric macropods. In this case, while burning resulted in greater biomass of plants selected by rock-wallabies, grazing (predominantly by sympatric macropods) negated this effect. Implications Small patchwork burning can be a useful tool to improve food resources for brush-tailed rock-wallabies, with effects sustained over more than two years. However, when rock-wallabies are sympatric with possible competitor species, the grazing impacts of sympatric macropods may cancel out any benefits to rock-wallabies.
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Begg, M., I. Beveridge, N. B. Chilton, P. M. Johnson, and M. G. O'Callaghan. "Parasites of The Proserpine Rock-wallaby, Petrogale persephone (Marsupialia: Macropodidae)." Australian Mammalogy 18, no. 1 (1995): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am95045.
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Twenty specimens of Petrogale persephone were examined for parasites. Nineteen species of helminths, one species of tick, one louse, one mite and two species of intestinal protozoans were recovered. The assemblage of helminth parasites encountered more closely resembled those found in Thylogale species than other species of rock-wallaby. The possible origins of the helminth fauna of P. persephone are discussed. The single species of tick, Haemaphysalis petrogalis, and the louse, Heterodoxus sp. 14, are specific to rock-wallabies, while the mite, Thaddeua serrata has a broader host range. Parasites causing significant lesions in P. persephone were the metacestode of Echinococcus granulosus and the mite T. serrata. Parasites found in small numbers but considered potential disease agents in this host were Globocephaloides macropodis, Hypodontus macropi, Eimeria petrogale and E. sharmani.
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Hone, Jim. "Fox control and rock-wallaby population dynamics - assumptions and hypotheses." Wildlife Research 26, no. 5 (1999): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr98083.
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Previous studies have demonstrated that the abundance of rock-wallabies can increase after fox control. The assumptions made to explain the increases are examined. Testable hypotheses are described to explain the observed increases. Testing of the hypotheses is encouraged.
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Eldridge, Mark D. B. "The changing nature of rock-wallaby (Petrogale) research 1980 - 2010." Australian Mammalogy 33, no. 2 (2011): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/amv33n2_fo.
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Beveridge, I., DM Spratt, RL Close, SC Barker, and GB Sharman. "Helminth-Parasites of Rock-Wallabies, Petrogale Spp (Marsupialia), From Queensland." Wildlife Research 16, no. 3 (1989): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9890273.
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Helminth parasites were examined from the following rock-wallaby species from Queensland: Petrogale penicillata penicillata (2), P. penicillata herberti (1l), P. inornata (15), P. assirnilis (36), 'Mareeba' (3) and 'Mt Claro' (4) chromosomal races of P. assirnilis, P. godrnani (13), P. lateralis purpureicollis (3), and P. persephone (2). Of the 41 species of nematodes and the six species of cestodes encountered, relatively few (10 of 47) were restricted to rock-wallabies. Major differences occurred between the helminth communities of rock-wallabies from different regions, suggesting that many parasite species may have been acquired by rock-wallabies from sympatric, but unrelated, macropodid hosts. The helminth communities of rock-wallabies thus appear not to have co-evolved closely with their hosts.
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Vernes, Karl, Stuart Green, and Piers Thomas. "Estimating brush-tailed rock-wallaby population size using individual animal recognition." Australian Mammalogy 33, no. 2 (2011): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am11005.
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We undertook surveys of brush-tailed rock-wallabies (Petrogale penicillata) at four colonies in Oxley Wild Rivers National Park, north-eastern New South Wales, with the aim of developing a technique based upon individual animal recognition that could be used to obtain robust population estimates for rock-wallaby colonies. We identified individuals on the basis of distinct morphological characters in each colony using visual observations, and used the data within a ‘mark–recapture’ (or sight–resight) framework to estimate population size. More than 37 h of observations were made over 10 sampling days between 18 May and 9 June 2010. We could identify 91.7% of all rock-wallabies that were independently sighted (143 of 156 sightings of 35 animals). A small percentage of animals could not be identified during a visit because they were seen only fleetingly, were in dense cover, or were partly obscured by rock. The number of new animals sighted and photographed declined sharply at the midpoint of the survey, and there was a corresponding increase in resighting of known individuals. Population estimates using the mark–recapture methodology were nearly identical to estimates of total animals seen, suggesting that this method was successful in obtaining a complete census of rock-wallabies in each colony.
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van Eeden, Lily, Julian Di Stefano, and Graeme Coulson. "Diet selection by the brush-tailed rock-wallaby (Petrogale penicillata) in East Gippsland, Victoria." Australian Mammalogy 33, no. 2 (2011): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am10038.
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Resource selection by animals is assumed to have fitness benefits so quantifying resource selection can help determine suitable conditions for species persistence and be used to inform management plans. We studied diet selection by the ‘Critically Endangered’ Victorian brush-tailed rock-wallaby (Petrogale penicillata) by comparing proportions of plant functional groups consumed with their availability in the three remaining rock-wallaby colonies in East Gippsland, Victoria. We estimated availability using an adaptation of the point transect method, identifying 63 plant functional groups and their abundance within the foraging range. Using microhistological analysis of faecal pellets we determined diet composition at the resolution of plant functional groups: ferns, forbs, monocots, shrubs and trees. At all sites the plant functional groups constituting most of the diet were forbs, monocots and shrubs. However, diet composition and selection was different among the sites, particularly with regards to the consumption and selection of monocots, which appeared to be favoured at two sites, and of shrubs, which were favoured at the third site. Overall, the diet composition suggested that brush-tailed rock-wallabies consume a diverse range of food types. The results can be used to improve current management by increasing the availability of preferred food types, perhaps through targeted fire regimes, and to guide the selection of reintroduction sites.
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CHILTON, N. B., M. A. SHUTTLEWORTH, F. HUBY-CHILTON, A. V. KOEHLER, A. JABBAR, R. B. GASSER, and I. BEVERIDGE. "Speciation in the genus Cloacina (Nematoda: Strongylida): species flocks and intra-host speciation." Parasitology 144, no. 13 (July 12, 2017): 1828–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182017001238.
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SUMMARYSequences of the first and second internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 + ITS2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA were employed to determine whether the congeneric assemblages of species of the strongyloid nematode genus Cloacina, found in the forestomachs of individual species of kangaroos and wallabies (Marsupialia: Macropodidae), considered to represent species flocks, were monophyletic. Nematode assemblages examined in the black-striped wallaby, Macropus (Notamacropus) dorsalis, the wallaroos, Macropus (Osphranter) antilopinus/robustus, rock wallabies, Petrogale spp., the quokka, Setonix brachyurus, and the swamp wallaby, Wallabia bicolor, were not monophyletic and appeared to have arisen by host colonization. However, a number of instances of within-host speciation were detected, suggesting that a variety of methods of speciation have contributed to the evolution of the complex assemblages of species present in this genus.
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Blumstein, Daniel T., Janice C. Daniel, and Christopher S. Evans. "Yellow-Footed Rock-Wallaby Group Size Effects Reflect A Trade-Off." Ethology 107, no. 7 (July 24, 2001): 655–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0310.2001.00699.x.
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OCallaghan, Michael G., Ian K. Barker, Ian Beveridge, and Peter Hornsby. "Eimeria species in the Pearson Island Rock Wallaby, Petrogale lateralis pearsoni." International Journal for Parasitology 28, no. 12 (December 1998): 1889–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7519(98)00152-0.
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Potter, Sally, Craig Moritz, and Mark D. B. Eldridge. "Gene flow despite complex Robertsonian fusions among rock-wallaby ( Petrogale ) species." Biology Letters 11, no. 10 (October 2015): 20150731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0731.
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Complex Robertsonian rearrangements, with shared arms in different fusions, are expected to prevent gene flow between hybrids through missegregation during meiosis. Here, we estimate gene flow between recently diverged and chromosomally diverse rock-wallabies ( Petrogale ) to test for this form of chromosomal speciation. Contrary to expectations, we observe relatively high admixture among species with complex fusions. Our results reinforce the need to consider alternative roles of chromosome change, together with genic divergence, in driving speciation.
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Read, J. L., E. Dagg, and K. E. Moseby. "Prey selectivity by feral cats at central Australian rock-wallaby colonies." Australian Mammalogy 41, no. 1 (2019): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am17055.
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Threatened warru, or black-footed rock-wallaby (Petrogale lateralis MacDonnell Ranges race), populations in northern South Australia continued to decline despite baiting for foxes (Vulpes vulpes), which improved their short-term conservation status elsewhere. To investigate whether feral cats (Felis catus) also represent a risk to warru we compared frequencies of prey occurrence in 103 feral cat and 14 fox stomachs shot near warru colonies in northern South Australia during 2001–17 with measures of prey abundance from pitfall trapping and opportunistic searches. We hypothesise that one fresh adult warru kill and the presence of warru remains in four other cats suggests predation by cats on adult and juvenile warru. Small reptiles and invertebrates were the most frequently recorded prey of cats in summer, whereas rodents and small dasyurids were the most frequent prey items in winter. Small mammals, small snakes and pygopodid lizards were over-represented in the diet of cats compared with estimated encounter frequencies, whereas fast-running dragons, knob-tailed geckoes (Nephrurus) and echidnas (Tachyglossus aculeatus) were not recorded from cat stomachs despite being relatively abundant. Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), rodents and fruits were the most frequently recorded items in fox stomachs. This study reinforces that targeted management of feral cat populations should be considered in concert with control of canids in sustainable recovery programs for warru and other cat-vulnerable species.
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Pearson, DJ. "Past and present distribution and abundance of the black-footed wallaby in the Warburton region of Western Australia." Wildlife Research 19, no. 6 (1992): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9920605.
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The black-footed rock-wallaby (Petrogale lateralis) was once widespread and abundant in rock-piles and ranges in the Warburton region of Western Australia. However, by the 1970s a major decline in its distribution and abundance was apparent. Ranges and rock outcrops were searched with local Aboriginal people to document the past and present distribution and abundance of the species and Aboriginal knowledge of its ecology. The journals of explorers, prospectors and surveyors were examined for records of rock-wallabies. Geologists, dingo trappers and other people who had worked in the region since 1930 were interviewed to document more recent sightings. Extant, small populations of rock-wallabies were located in six ranges, where they were inhabiting extensive gabbro rock-piles and rugged quartzite gullies, often in close proximity to permanent water. None of the granite outcrops visited had extant populations. Continuing local extinctions suggest that surviving populations are under threat and management intervention is required for their long term conservation.
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Eldridge, M. D. B., P. M. Johnson, P. Hensler, J. Holden, and R. L. K. Close. "The distribution of three parapatric, cryptic species of rock-wallaby (Petrogale) in north-east Queensland: P. assimilis, P. mareeba and P. sharmani." Australian Mammalogy 30, no. 1 (2008): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am08004.
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Three morphologically indistinguishable rock-wallaby species (Petrogale assimilis, P. sharmani and P. mareeba) have parapatric distributions in a relatively small area of north-east Queensland. Although problematic to identify in the field, each species can be unambiguously identified by the shape and number of its chromosomes. Here we summarise the known distribution of these three species, based on populations whose identity has been confirmed via karyotypic analysis.
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Jarman, P. J., and S. M. Capararo. "Use of Rock-wallaby Faecal Pellets for Detecting and Monitoring Populations and Examining Habitat Use." Australian Mammalogy 19, no. 2 (1996): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am97257.
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Counts of faecal pellets are commonly used to measure dispersion of medium to large, herbivorous mammals, including macropods. Rock-wallabies, Genus Petrogale, are relatively difficult to observe in the daytime, so indirect techniques for survey and measurement of dispersion and population size are attractive. Faecal pellets of rock-wallabies are easy to identify and to detect, often being rapidly dried and well preserved on rock substrates. Pellets have been used in surveys to detect past and recent presence of rock-wallabies in refuge habitat. Their measured distribution can also indicate limits to foraging range away from refuge habitat, information that is important for their management. By making careful correction for the expected form of distribution of rock-wallaby foraging away from refuge habitat, pellet sampling can be used to measure their habitat preferences. Pellet sampling can be used, with careful survey design, to monitor change in colony size over time; but it could be used only with difficulty to indicate absolute population size accurately. In some circumstances it will be more efficient to attempt to observe and count the wallabies directly.
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Hornsby, PE, and EY Corlett. "Differential responses by sympatric macropodids to severe drought." Australian Mammalogy 26, no. 2 (2004): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am04185.
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Responses to severe drought by two sympatric macropodids, the yellow-footed rock-wallaby (Petrogale xanthopus) and the euro (Macropus robustus erubescens) were examined at a site in the North Flinders Ranges of South Australia. The results indicate that the two species respond differentially to drought conditions. It was observed that small fluctuations occurred in the P. xanthopus population. In contrast, M. r. erubescens evidenced significant mortality, especially among larger animals.
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Wynd, Naomi M., Dominique P. Sigg, Anthony R. Pople, Stephanie L. Hazlitt, and Anne W. Goldizen. "Factors affecting female reproductive success and the survival of pouch young in the threatened brush-tailed rock-wallaby, Petrogale penicillata." Australian Journal of Zoology 54, no. 2 (2006): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo05064.
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Knowledge of factors affecting the survival of individuals and their reproductive success is essential for threatened species management, but studies assessing these factors are lacking for many threatened rock-wallaby species. In this study we investigated the factors influencing the breeding performance of females and the survival of pouch young in a wild colony of the threatened brush-tailed rock-wallaby. Individuals were trapped between October 2000 and April 2004. More than 50% of the females in the colony were breeding below their full potential and giving birth to only one offspring per year. Most females within the colony bred in synchrony, with a substantial birth peak evident during autumn. Pouch young born in autumn left the pouch during spring and were weaned during summer and autumn when forage was most abundant. Pouch young born during the autumn birth peak or in winter had a substantially higher probability of surviving through to pouch emergence than those born during spring or summer. This study provides demographic parameters that may be used in population models and for comparison with other populations, particularly those that are small and declining. To optimise reproductive success in reintroduction programs, females in good condition and with small pouch young should be released at the end of the wettest season.
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Thornett, Elizabeth, Bertram Ostendorf, and David A. Taggart. "Interspecies co-use of southern hairy-nosed wombat (Lasiorhinus latifrons) burrows." Australian Mammalogy 39, no. 2 (2017): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am15052.
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Burrows can provide refuge for both burrowing and non-burrowing species within harsh environments through protection from climatic extremes, water loss and predation. In Australia, however, despite having a rich diversity of burrowing mammals, little is known about the use of burrows by non-burrowing species. This study aimed to identify the extent of co-use of southern hairy-nosed wombat (Lasiorhinus latifrons) burrows on Wedge Island off the coast of South Australia. Burrow use was monitored using 34 motion-activated cameras placed outside wombat burrows between March and September 2015. Eleven species were found to use burrows, with six commensal species observed using burrows on numerous occasions. These included two mammal species (black-footed rock-wallaby, Petrogale lateralis pearsoni; brush-tailed bettong, Bettongia penicillata), three reptile species (peninsula dragon, Ctenophorus fionni; southern sand-skink, Liopholis multiscutata; White’s skink, Liopholis whitii), and one avian species (little penguin, Eudyptula minor). The most common species observed using burrows was the black-footed rock-wallaby, which was recorded using burrows 1795 times. Observations of wombats using burrows were made 1674 times. The prevalent use of burrows on Wedge Island by species other than wombats is an observation with potentially important and broad ecological, conservation, and management implications across Australia’s arid and semiarid zones.
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Barnes, Tamsin S., Anne W. Goldizen, and Glen T. Coleman. "HEMATOLOGY AND SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE BRUSH-TAILED ROCK-WALLABY (PETROGALE PENICILLATA)." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 44, no. 2 (April 2008): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-44.2.295.
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Delaney, R. "Population Dynamics of The Allied Rock-wallaby Petrogale assimilis: Implications for Conservation." Australian Mammalogy 19, no. 2 (1996): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am97199.
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Most species of Petrogale live in the arid inland or in the wet-dry tropics of northern Australia. These environments are characterised by the unpredictability of their rainfall, and the reproductive strategies of the animals reflect this. I studied one population of Petrogale assimilis during a period of extended drought. During this time mortality of young (ca. 88%) and adults (≥ 25%) was very high and recruitment into the adult population was negligible. The age structure of the population was skewed towards very old animals and pouch young. Evidence from this and other populations suggests that recruitment into the breeding population is spasmodic, reflecting the irregular pattern of good seasons. Recruitment events may occur asynchronously in neighbouring populations depending on the spatial and temporal variability of the rain. If true, rock-wallaby populations irregularly pass through periods of low numbers and demographic instability. Careful monitoring and management decisions are therefore important. At low points in this climatic cycle additional factors (e.g., predators) could have a devastating impact. We need to protect a relatively large area of habitat to compensate for the asynchronous pulsing of populations and to allow populations to recover. Survey design must also allow for this demographic instability.
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Kleemann, S., D. Sandow, M. Stevens, D. J. Schultz, D. A. Taggart, and A. Croxford. "Non-invasive monitoring and reintroduction biology of the brush-tailed rock-wallaby (." Australian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 2 (February 8, 2022): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo21009.
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Thirty-nine endangered brush-tailed rock-wallabies (Petrogale penicillata) were reintroduced to Grampians National Park, western Victoria, between 2008 and 2012. Subsequent high mortality, low breeding, and no recruitment were linked to fox predation and physical disturbance during monitoring. From 2014 to 2017, the colony was left undisturbed and monitored only by remote camera. Five adult animals were identified across this period (1 ♂ and 3 ♀s – all tagged; and one untagged female), and an average of 0.7 pouch young were birthed per tagged female per year. In 2019, camera-monitoring and non-invasive genetic monitoring (faecal) were used to identify colony members, genetic diversity, and breeding. Camera monitoring in 2019 identified the same five individuals, whereas genetic monitoring using 12 microsatellites identified eight individuals (two male and six female genotypes). Genetic diversity within the colony was moderate (expected heterozygosity (He) = 0.655, observed heterozygosity (Ho) = 0.854). Leaving the colony undisturbed after 2013 correlated with improved adult survival, increased breeding, and successful recruitment of young to the population. Recommendations for the Grampians colony include continuation of regular camera- and scat monitoring to improve our understanding of the reintroduction biology of P. penicillata and other marsupials in open, unfenced landscapes.