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1
Xie, Mowen, Weinan Liu, Yan Du, Qingbo Li, and Hongfei Wang. "The Evaluation Method of Rock Mass Stability Based on Natural Frequency." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (April 24, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6652960.
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The limit equilibrium method’s analysis index cannot be measured by on-site monitoring equipment and cannot be used for monitoring and early warning of rock instability. The existing rock stability evaluation methods based on vibration information cannot evaluate the stability of rocks quantitatively. In this paper, the slope’s constraints on the rock were simplified to springs and a three-dimensional analysis model of rock vibration was established. The equation for calculating the natural frequency of rock that includes the spring stiffness as an indicator was derived. The rock stability calculation function containing the index of natural frequency was brought into the traditional rock stability coefficient calculation equation, and a new rock stability analysis method based on natural frequency was established. The experiment proved the measurability of the index of the natural frequency of rock and the method’s effectiveness for the stability analysis of the rock based on natural frequency.
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Nikolai, Abramkin. "Empirical techniques for assessing rock mass condition." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal, no. 2 (April 20, 2022): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2022-2-68-76.
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The relevance of the work is due to the existence of a large number of empirical methods for predicting the condition of a rock mass and the need to apply them at the design and operational stage of mining enterprises to minimize costs during construction and future maintenance. Research objective is to analyze and compare existing empirical methods for determining the strength and deformation properties of rock mass. Methods of research include the analysis, systematization and synthesis of existing empirical methods of rock mass condition assessment and their applicability to real-world sites. Recommendations for further application of empirical rock mass assessment methods in real-world conditions are determined by generalization of theory and practice, research results and analytical calculations based on the assessment of fracture formation in rock masses. Results. The main empirical methods such as Deere's method (RQD) of structural failure evaluation, the method relating strain rate to RMR rating system and the method relating strain rate to geomechanical classification of rock mass Q were found and chosen for comparison. Several types of rocks such as limestone, diorite, granite, basalt, tuff, andesite in different geotechnical conditions are chosen for comparison of the methods. Comparison of different empirical methods of rock mass condition assessment is carried out. Evaluations of each method are given. Ways of application of empirical research methods are recommended. It is concluded that it is necessary to apply several methods in order to get a more accurate picture of the rock mass condition. Recommendations for the initial assessment of the state of rocks are given. Conclusions. There are a large number of empirical methods of rock mass condition estimation. The results obtained by some methods for some types of rocks under different mining and geological conditions are very different from each other, this is due to the fact that the considered methods were created on the basis of different sources. It is necessary to take into account the stresses acting in the rock mass, which also influence the results obtained.
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Khurshid, Muhammad Nasir, Ammad Hassan Khan, Zia ur Rehman, and Tahir Sultan Chaudhary. "The Evaluation of Rock Mass Characteristics against Seepage for Sustainable Infrastructure Development." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 15, 2022): 10109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141610109.
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The determination of rock seepage characteristics is a complex phenomenon due to the variability, discontinuities, and formation age of rocks. The available literature on rock mechanics covers empirical relationships and approaches for the estimation of seepage characteristics from the rock mass parameters. In this study, an area comprising of infrastructure such as a water reservoir, embankments, roads, etc., constructed on mix rock mass formations was selected. The field and laboratory tests’ geo-mechanical data for the study area were evaluated. The data obtained from the field geo-mechanical engineering tests like Rock Quality Designation (RQD), Rock Core Recovery, Lugeon, etc., were analyzed. The data retrieved from the geological and geotechnical laboratory tests such as petrography, uniaxial compression, Hoek shear, elastic modulus, etc., were also evaluated. Rock mass was characterized based on petrographic and RQD, and was found in the hybrid formation of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary deposits. Seepage analysis in the study area was also carried out based on adit and piezometric data (installed in accordance with the mining technology guidelines), using Seep W Finite Element Method (FEM). The seepage observed in adits were compared with seepage calculated from Seep W. The trend of simulated flux was also presented against K ratio. Seepage quantities for different ranges of K ratio were plotted to evaluate interdependency between seepage and K ratio. Correlations of RQD were developed with hydraulic conductivity “k” for igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks for quick assessment of seepage characteristics of rock mass by RQD. These correlations and seepage related evaluations will be beneficial for the characterization of rock mass in relation to seepage for sustainable infrastructure development.
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Mohammed, Fahmy, Ghafor Hamasur, and Diary Al-Manimi. "Evaluation of Carbonate and Heterogenous Rock Masses for the Dam Foundation: A Case Study at Kanarwe River Basin, Sulaimaniyah, NE Iraq." Iraqi Geological Journal 56, no. 1F (June 30, 2023): 155–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.56.1f.11ms-2023-6-19.
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Evaluating rock masses for dam foundations, especially heterogeneous rock (flysch), becomes imperative and requires accurate geomechanical classifications. The rocks at the Kanarwe river basin, especially at a proposed dam site (Goma-Qazan near Khewata, Sura Qalat villages), mainly consist of interlaying massive carbonate rocks of the Aqra Formation with flysch rocks of Tanjero Formation. Therefore, selecting appropriate dam types is challenging and very risky. This study conducted a detailed study of lithology, discontinuity condition, rock sampling and laboratory tests to determine the site suitable for dam construction using the quantitative GSI, Rock Mass Rating, and Dam Mass Rating geomechanical classification systems. A new procedure was suggested for calculating stress relaxation and damage level (disturbance factor D) in rock masses. The Dam mass rating related to the foundation stability shows a good stability indication ranging from 43.7–82.9, indicating foundation suitability for all dam types. The foundation excavation desirability and consolidation grouting were evaluated based on dry basic rock mass rating, which shows that the site is suitable for earth fill and hardfill dams. However, the rock mass units require spot and systematic grouting for gravity and Arch dams, respectively. Ec/Em (deformation modulus of the dam/deformation modulus of foundation rocks) values for massive carbonate rock range from 0.18–0.93; they indicate site suitability for arch, gravity dam, earth fill and hardfill dams. While the Ec/Em values for flysch rock mass units range from 1–6.4, they indicate some units have a serious problem situation and need treatment based on the types of dams.
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Wu, Shuliang, Xidong Du, and Shan Yang. "Rock Mass Quality Evaluation Based on Unascertained Measure and Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets." Complexity 2020 (April 27, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5614581.
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Evaluation of rock mass quality is of great significance to the design and construction of geotechnical engineering. In order to evaluate the quality of engineering rock mass scientifically and deal with the fuzzy information in the rock mass quality evaluation reasonably, a model for evaluation of rock mass quality based on unascertained measure and intuitionistic fuzzy sets (UM-IFS) was proposed. First, the membership of rock mass quality evaluation index was determined by the single index measure function of unascertained measure (UM) theory. Based on the intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFS) theory, the single index measure evaluation matrix based on IFS (IFS-single index measure evaluation matrix) was obtained. By synthesizing various subjective and objective weighting methods, the range of index weight was determined, and the index weight vector based on IFS (IFS-index weight vector) was constructed. Then, the IFS-single index measure evaluation matrix and the IFS-index weight vector were used to calculate the scores of rock mass samples and evaluate rock mass quality. Finally, fuzzy analysis was performed on the weight of rock mass quality evaluation index. The established model for evaluation of rock mass quality was applied to the underground engineering rock mass in Guangzhou pumped storage power plant, and the evaluation results were compared with the other 4 effective models for rock mass quality evaluation. The results show that rock mass quality evaluation based on UM-IFS is consistent with the actual situation, and the fuzziness of evaluation index weight has no obvious correlation with its value.
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Ismanda, Yayi, I. Gde Budi Indrawan, and Heru Hendrayana. "Evaluation of Engineering Geological Conditions for Slope Stability Analysis of Diversion Tunnel Portal of Jlantah Dam, Karanganyar, Central Java." Journal of Applied Geology 8, no. 1 (August 20, 2023): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jag.72438.
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This paper presents the research results carried out to analyze the slope stability of the diversion tunnel portal of Jlantah Dam based on the quality of the rock mass. The classification of the rock mass quality at the tunnel location refers to the Geological Strength Index (GSI) method while the analysis of portal slope stability is modelled numerically with the element method using Phase2 software. The modelling of the tunnel portal slope design with and without earthquake load was carried out to obtain the safety factor (SF) value. The results showed that the study area consists of residual soil, andesite breccia and lapilli tuff rocks with rock mass quality based on the GSI value ranging from poor to fair. The inlet portal slope is composed of rocks that have poor and fair mass quality while the inlet section is composed of rocks that have poor mass quality. The SF value>1.3 for conditions without earthquake effect was achieved on slope design 1V:1.5H and SF value>1.1 for conditions with earthquake effect was achieved on slope design 1V:2H. The SRF value at the portal outlet location is greater than the SRF value at the portal inlet location for the same slope design conditions indicating that the rock mass quality at the portal outlet location is better than the rock mass quality at the portal inlet location.
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Liu, Wen-lian, Jia-xing Dong, Han-hua Xu, Su-gang Sui, Run-xue Yang, and Lun-shun Zhou. "Trajectory Analysis and Risk Evaluation of Dangerous Rock Mass Instability of an Overhang Slope, Southwest of China." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (June 24, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7153535.
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Analysis of the movement trajectory and risk assessment of the high-slope dangerous rock mass collapse are of great significance for preventing and controlling the geological disasters of collapse. This study firstly takes the dangerous rock mass of the high slope in Pu’erdu Town, Yanjin County, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province, as the research object, calculates and analyzes the trajectory of collapse movement of several groups of dangerous rock mass with great threat, and RocFall are used to carry out numerical simulation analysis and verification. Secondly, the risk and vulnerability of the dangerous rock mass in the study area are analyzed, and the risk evaluation is carried out through the risk evaluation matrix to clearly define the risk level. Results show that if the dangerous rock mass collapses, the horizontal movement distance was approximately 53–88 m, and the maximum bounce height of the platform was approximately 3–18 m, which will seriously threaten the life and property safety of residents. There is little difference between the simulation of the collapse of dangerous rock mass by RocFall software and the calculation result of the formula. Although RocFall software is more intuitive and can be directly compared with charts, software cannot completely simulate the actual situation, and it is only suggested as a reference from design rather than a basis of design. The result of risk evaluation shows that there are 2 high-risk dangerous rocks, 3 medium-risk dangerous rocks, and 1 low-risk dangerous rock in this area. It is suggested that a reasonable and scientific engineering treatment scheme should be put forward as soon as possible in combination with the collapse trajectory of the collapsing movement.
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Diwani, J. P., and G. I. Marliyani. "Empirical Method for Engineering Geological Evaluation of Pelosika Dam Diversion Tunnel Design, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1233, no. 1 (August 1, 2023): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1233/1/012007.
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Abstract This paper explains a Pelosika Dam Diversion Tunnel in metamorphic rocks (quartz muscovite phyllite) and aims to find out excavation methods, stand-up time, and support systems for tunnel construction. The purpose of this research is that the development of science in tunnel construction with the characteristic of metamorphic rock will increase. Tunnel location in poort rock mass quality based on previous geology investigations. Based on current geology and engineering geological mapping results, diversion tunnel through poor rock mass of metamorphic rocks (phyllite) which have slightly-highly weathered. We classified rock mass quality by GSI, RMR, and Q-System methods which produce the almost same results (poor rock mass quality). The GSI Chart and Pettifer-Fookes Chart which excavation method has the results of the digging and ripping. RMR value determines the stand-up time last 42-240 minutes after excavation. RMR and Q-System values generate the support system which used rock bolts (length= 1.8 m), shotcrete (thick=10-15 cm), and steel sets (spacing=1,5m) if required. A purpose of combination from the different excavation methods and support systems to complement each other and improve the safety of the tunnel without compromising the cost-effectiveness of construction.
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Gart, Ibrahim, Ghafor Hamasur, and Mohammed Abood. "Assessment of Foundation Rocks of the Proposed Makhol Dam in the Northern Salah- Alddin, Iraq." Iraqi Geological Journal 56, no. 1F (June 30, 2023): 135–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.56.1f.10ms-2023-6-18.
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This study was done as an assessment of the foundation rocks of the proposed Makhol dam in the northern Salah- Aiddin Governorate, Iraq. This study consists of field, laboratory, and office work. It was noticed in the field that the thirteen (13) different rock mass units comprised along the dam axis. Three rock mass classification systems were adopted (used) in the evaluation: Rock Mass Rating, Dam Mass Rating, and Geological Strength Index. The DMRSTA (RMR related to dam stability) values for the right bank range between 36.97- 73.8. These values indicate good stability of foundation rocks of the right part with the presence of some instability of primary effect (not serious effect) in unit no.3 (Fatha Formation), and the DMRSTA values of the left bank range between 44.97– 61.7 These values indicate no instability for the foundation rocks on the left bank for all rock mass units. The RMRBD89 values range between 37– 73.3. These values reveal that the foundation rocks are desirable and can be excavated for rockfill and earth fill dams, but for the gravity dam, the rock mass unit 3, must be excavated to the desirable RMRBD89 value in the case of a gravity dam, and indicate that the foundation rocks do not require grouting when the type of dam is earth fill. Some rock mass units require grouting (spot grouting), especially for the rock mass unit 3 when the type of dam is Rockfill, and require systematic grouting, especially when the type of dam is Gravity. The Roc Lab software was used for the purpose of determining the mechanical properties of all rock units through the Hook-Brown failure criterion.
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Zhang, Qi, Qing Jiang, Yuanhai Li, Ning Wang, and Lei He. "Quality Evaluation of Rock Mass Using RMR14 Based on Multi-Source Data Fusion." Sensors 21, no. 21 (October 26, 2021): 7108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21217108.
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The uncertainties in quality evaluations of rock mass are embedded in the underlying multi-source data composed by a variety of testing methods and some specialized sensors. To mitigate this issue, a proper method of data-driven computing for quality evaluation of rock mass based on the theory of multi-source data fusion is required. As the theory of multi-source data fusion, Dempster–Shafer (D-S) evidence theory is applied to the quality evaluation of rock mass. As the correlation between different rock mass indices is too large to be ignored, belief reinforcement and Murphy’s average belief theory are introduced to process the multi-source data of rock mass. The proposed method is designed based on RMR14, one of the most widely used quality-evaluating methods for rock mass in the world. To validate the proposed method, the data of rock mass is generated randomly to realize the data fusion based on the proposed method and the conventional D-S theory. The fusion results based on these two methods are compared. The result of the comparison shows the proposed method amplifies the distance between the possibilities at different ratings from 0.0666 to 0.5882, which makes the exact decision more accurate than the other. A case study is carried out in Daxiagu tunnel in China to prove the practical value of the proposed method. The result shows the rock mass rating of the studied section of the tunnel is in level III with the maximum possibility of 0.9838, which agrees with the geological survey report.
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Yuan, Haiping, Chenghao Chen, Yixian Wang, Hanbing Bian, and Yan Liu. "Joint Investigation and 3D Visual Evaluation of Rock Mass Quality." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (December 30, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8858322.
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In order to realize the high efficiency quality classification and three-dimensional visualization of engineering rock mass and to solve the technical difficulties of the traditional rock mass quality evaluation method such as high labor intensity, long process time consumption, many intervention processes such as scale measurement and manual calculation, and nonintuitive classification results, this paper puts forward a 3D visual rock mass quality evaluation method and system based on close-range photography, which optimizes the traditional rock mass quality evaluation method, makes the rock mass classification three-dimensional and visible, and realizes the estimation of unrevealed rock mass quality evaluation index. The research results show the following: (1) The method of storing joint information by close-range photography and extracting joint information by human-computer interaction improves the working efficiency and the process is safe and controllable compared with the traditional method of collecting fracture parameters. (2) Based on the statistical analysis of 97 groups of roadway survey data, the comprehensive statistical regression formula between BQ value of Chinese national standard and RMR value is given, and there is a good correlation between BQ value and RMR value of rock mass quality index. (3) Based on the power-inverse ratio method, the three-dimensional model of rock mass classification of the mine was established, and the cutting model obtained the current distribution diagram of rock mass quality grade, providing scientific reference for drilling, blasting, support, and other production design optimizations.
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Sasangka, D. J. "Rock Slope Stability Evaluation on The Construction of New Road Shortcut 4 Border City of Singaraja – Mangwitani, Bali." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 940, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/940/1/012006.
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Abstract Shortcut 4 new national road development project on Singaraja - Mangwitani section Bali found a potential rock slide slope problem. An outcrop of igneous rock with an intensive joint was not expected to be encountered previously. The excavation work in road construction had to pay attention to the stability of the resulting rock slope considering that apart from the potential for slope failure, rock slope could also threaten the bridge abutment building in front of it. The location of the rock slope was on the edge of Lake Bratan which is geologically part of the early Holocene volcanic rocks, namely mountain rocks composed of tuff, lava and volcanic breccia. Anisotropic andesite slope was controlled by a discontinuous plane with a certain pattern. Rock Quality Assessment was carried out by the Rock Mass Rating (RMR) method and Slope Mass Rating (SMR) for slope stability evaluation. The planar, tople and wedge potensial slope failure were evaluated. The potential for planar slope failure has a value of SMR 30.18 (Unstable), 57.6 (Partialy Stable) for wedge slope failure potential and 47.6 (Partialy Stable) for tople slope failure potential. The SMR value indicated that the rock slope requires engineering threatment to become stable.
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Putera, Doni Apriadi, Heru Hendrayana, and I. Gde Budi Indrawan. "Engineering Geological Characteristics Based on Rock Mass Rating (RMR) and Geological Strength Index (GSI) in Jlantah Dam Intake Tunnel, Karanganyar District, Central Java Province." E3S Web of Conferences 325 (2021): 08003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132508003.
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This paper presents the results of a geological engineering investigation in the form of rock mass characterization at the Jlantah Dam Intake Tunnel. The study was carried out through technical geological mapping, core drill evaluation and supported by laboratory test data. The determination of rock mass classification at the research site has been carried out using the Rock Mass Rating (RMR) method, but it is necessary to use another method that is more suitable based on rock mass for weak rocks, namely using the Geological Strength Index (GSI) method.The rock mass quality will be used as a parameter in determining the excavation method and tunnel support system that will be used in the Jlantah Dam intake tunnel. The results showed that the research area consisted of lithology in volcanic breccias and tuff lapilli. GSI rock mass value at the research location ranged from 15 - 65, while the RMR value ranged from 24 - 70. The correlation between RMR and GSI in the study area is different when compared to Hoek and Brown (1997) but has similarities with Zhang et al (2019).
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Ruan, Yunkai, Jinzi Chen, Zhongmou Fan, Tanhua Wang, Jianguo Mu, Ranran Huo, Wei Huang, Weicheng Liu, Yunjian Li, and Yunqiang Sun. "Application of K-PSO Clustering Algorithm and Game Theory in Rock Mass Quality Evaluation of Maji Hydropower Station." Applied Sciences 13, no. 14 (July 21, 2023): 8467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13148467.
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In this study, the K-means algorithm based on particle swarm optimization (K-PSO) and game theory are introduced to establish the quality evaluation model of a rock mass. Five evaluation factors were considered, i.e., uniaxial saturated compressive strength of rock, discontinuity spacing, acoustic velocity, rock quality designation (RQD), and integrity coefficient. The rock mass of an elevation adit at the abutment of Maji hydropower station was taken as a case study. The subjective weight of the evaluation factor was determined by the weighted least squares method, and the objective weight of the evaluation factor was determined by the entropy method. The combined weights of each influencing factor were determined by game theory to be 0.142, 0.179, 0.035, 0.116, and 0.108. The rock mass quality evaluation in the study area was analyzed by K-PSO algorithm. The results indicate that the K-PSO clustering results are almost the same as the evaluation results of the traditional basic quality (BQ) classification method and the widely used extension evaluation method and are consistent with the preliminary judgment of the expert field. The results are consistent with the field observation law. It is considered that the K-PSO clustering theory can reflect the engineering geological characteristics of the rock mass of the hydropower project in the rock mass quality evaluation.
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Ootsuka, Yasunori, Takanori Ishikawa, Katsuhiro Tajima, Testu Wada, Omer Aydan, Naohiko Tokashiki, Tshinori Sato, and Kazuhei Aoyagi. "Rock mass property evaluation based on the borehole wall images taken by using an ultrasonic scanner (USS)." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 55, no. 1 (June 4, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v55i1.22782.
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Discontinuities, such as faults and fractures exist even in Neogene soft sedimentary rocks. These discontinuities play an important role for determination of physical, mechanical and hydraulic properties of rock mass. For geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste, these data should be obtained for designs of the layout of repository, engineered barrier system and safety assessment. Rock mass properties are important information for quantitative rock mass classification as well as for design and construction of underground facilities and assessment of safe waste disposal. Ultrasonic wave reflection intensity of the wall of the borehole drilled from bottom of East Access Shaft in Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory Center, Hokkaido, Japan, was obtained by using the ultrasonic scanner (USS). In this paper, we compared results of USS observation with core logging data including the core observation, the optical digital scanner (ODS) observation, and result of Needle Penetration Index (NPI) tests. These results indicated that ultrasonic wave reflection intensity had a good correlation with other observation results, and USS observation and NPI test are useful techniques for the determination of the detailed rock mass classification.
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Magomedov, R. A. "EVALUATION OF STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF ROCK MASS." Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 41, no. 2 (January 1, 2016): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2016-41-2-132-138.
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Zhu, Xiaohong, Jianhong Jia, and Zhongwei Cai. "Classification Method and Application of Rock Fracture Ability by Supercritical CO2 Blasting." Shock and Vibration 2022 (January 11, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7973016.
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In order to study the fracture ability classification of rock mass under the cracking action of supercritical CO2 phase transition, based on the classification theory of rock mass in blasting engineering, an analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-entropy weight method (EWM) and the cloud model classification method for rock mass cracking under CO2 phase transformation are proposed. In this method, rock density, rock tensile strength, rock wave impedance, and rock mass integrity coefficient are used as the factors to determine the level of rock mass fracturing, and the evaluation index system of rock mass fracturing is established. Through this evaluation method, the rock mass in a reconstruction project section of Nyingchi, Tibet, is classified and evaluated. The results present that this new classification method of rock mass fracture ability uses AHP–EWM to carry out the weight distribution of the classification index. In addition, it is combined with the cloud model for the classification division, overcoming the traditional classification method fixed with appraisal pattern flaw. Therefore, it has validity and feasibility. According to the characteristics of fracture ability, the rock masses in the area to be rebuilt on the Tibet Highway are divided into grade II, grade III, and grade IV, which provides scientific guidance for the construction of the project.
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Tlashadze, Giorgi, Levan Gorgidze, and Mamuka Natsvlishvili. "Physical-mechanical Properties of Construction Site Bedrocks of Headworks and Powerhouse of “Khobi 2 HPP” Hydrotechnical Complex." Works of Georgian Technical University, no. 1(527) (March 21, 2023): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.36073/1512-0996-2023-1-75-85.
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Modern methods of rock evaluation, such as Rock Quality Index (RQD), Rock Mass Rating (RMR) and Rock Mass Classification System (Q), are used within the field of geotechnical surveys. RQD was determined by D.U. Deere in 1963, as a simple classification system of rock mass stability. While using RQD index five classes of rocks (A-E) are determined. Q value can be determined in different ways: during mapping in underground excavations, on the surface or alternatively – on basis of core description. The most accurate values are obtained during underground geological mapping. Dividing the underground excavations into several parts might be required during mapping, so that variation of Q value is moderate in each section, meaning that such variation should not exceed the rock class variation index according to the reinforcement scheme. During excavation works single blasting often represents natural section for individual mapping. A variation may take place in sections of several meters, but for showing this variation histograms can be used during mapping.
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Satria, Jabnes, I. Gde Budi Indrawan, and Nugroho Imam Setiawan. "Engineering geological characteristics based on rock mass rating (RMR) and geological strength index (GSI) in Tunnel Number 1 of the Sigli-Aceh toll road." E3S Web of Conferences 325 (2021): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132501014.
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This paper presents engineering geological investigation results in the form of rock mass characteristics for tunnel number 1 of the Sigli-Aceh toll road. The investigation was carried out through geological mapping, core drill evaluation, and laboratory tests. In this research, the rock mass rating (RMR) and Geological Strength Index (GSI) were applied for the rock mass classifications. The measurement of rock mass quality is then used to determine the excavation method and tunnel support system on the SigliAceh toll road. The results showed that the research location consisted of calcareous sandstone with poor to good-quality (GSI (21.7 - 85.5), RMR (32.0 - 67.6)), and sandstone with good quality (GSI (86.3 - 86.9), RMR (64.0 - 65.0)). The poor quality rock masses were mainly caused by weathering effect. In addition, this research also analyzes the relationship between RMR and GSI based on the type and quality of rocks in the research location so that this correlation can be used in other areas with similar rock type and quality to this research location.
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Zhang, Hai Bo, and Qun Yi Liu. "The Safety Status Evaluation of Rock Mass Element by Nonlinear Mechanics Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 193-194 (August 2012): 675–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.193-194.675.
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Slope stability analysis is an important content in geotechnical engineering designing. And the safety factor is still the main index to evaluate the safety status of the whole slope, but the stability of each element of rock mass can not be reflected by the whole safety factor. Some scholars introduce the concept of point safety factor (PSF) to evaluate the stability of each element in rock-soil mass. However, the present work about PSF is remaining in the field of linear model, instead of nonlinear model. But in real situation, the nonlinear failure criterions are more adaptable used to describe the characteristic of rock mass, such as nonlinear failure characteristic of rock strength, structural characteristic and the effect of the stress to the strength of rock mass. So in this paper, the PSF based on the Hoek-Brown nonlinear mechanics model is founded, followed by calculation PSF for one rock mass element stability.
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Li, Zhuang, Hai Bo Han, Yi Feng Zheng, and Ming Li. "Acoustic Detection on Analysis of Rock Mass Integrality." Advanced Materials Research 859 (December 2013): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.859.139.
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This paper briefly described borehole wave velocity test and the principle and method of wave velocity test technique, by using acoustic measurement and control technology of tunnel rock mass test, integrality index of rock mass is obtained, ultimately, we evaluate the rock mass integrity. The actual application effect is good and provides an important basis for the engineering rock mass quality evaluation.
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Liu, Yu Ning, Li Juan Cao, and Zi Chang Shangguan. "Stability Evaluation and Analysis of Homogeneous Rock Slope Using Finite Element Method." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 722–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.722.
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Rock mass is simplified as homogeneous material. Shear strength reduction approach is applied to evaluate stability of rock slope and calculate safety factor of sliding surface. Mohr-Coulomb fracture criterion is used to evaluate the sliding state of every element of finite element model for rock mass. The shear strength parameters of rock mass are evaluated from the laboratory tests and engineering analogy. The distributions of plastic zone at collapse state and safety factor of sliding surface are determined.
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Sokolov, Kirill, Larisa Fedorova, and Maksim Fedorov. "Prospecting and Evaluation of Underground Massive Ice by Ground-Penetrating Radar." Geosciences 10, no. 7 (July 16, 2020): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10070274.
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Data from geocryological studies of soil and rock massifs in permafrost zone are very important as a basis for predicting possible negative consequences associated with climate change. A promising technique for studying geocryological structures (various types of underground ice) is the ground-penetrating radar (GPR) method. This paper presents the applications of the GPR method to prospect and evaluate massive ice in a frozen rock mass. To study the features of GPR signals received during sounding of underground ice, a model of a single GPR trace for the structure “frozen rock-ice-frozen rock” was developed. As a result, regularities were established in the kinematic and dynamic characteristics of GPR signals at the upper and lower boundaries of massive ice, depending on its geometric parameters. The established features were confirmed by the results of computer and physical simulation of GPR measurements of a frozen rock mass model. The main result of the study was to obtain a set of criteria for identifying massive ice according to GPR measurements. The developed criteria will allow the use of GPR for a detailed study of the structure of permafrost rocks to prevent the development of dangerous cryogenic processes in undisturbed and urban areas of the Arctic.
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Sosnovskaya, E. L., and A. N. Avdeev. "Evaluation of the initial stressed state of rocks in the cryolitzone (on the example of Irokindinsky mining)." Mining informational and analytical bulletin, no. 3-1 (March 20, 2020): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25018/0236-1493-2020-31-0-208-215.
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In 2014-2017 at the Irokinda mine, due to the transition to new technological equipment, the thawing of permafrost rocks began, accompanied by manifestations of rock pressure. There was an urgent need to clarify the changed geotechnical conditions and evaluate the initial stresses of the rock mass. During the study, in situ stresses were measured for various cryogenic conditions of rocks: in permafrost, in transition zones of frozen rocks to thawed, thawed rocks. The measurements were made according the method of slotted relief based on the IM UB RAS by the author’s version of the segmented slot. It is established that in the Irokinda ore deposit rocks there is a change in the stress field structure in the process of both natural and anthropogenic rock melting. In the process of rock thawing vertical stresses increase slightly, horizontal stresses increase by 40-60%. The tectonic component of the premining stresses increases several times from -1,8 MPa to -22,9 MPa. The research results are confirmed by full-scale initial stresses measurements of a number of permafrost zone deposits: Mayskoye, Novo-Shirokinskoye, Konevinskoye. For an objective evaluation of the pre-mining stress-strain state of the deposits located in the permafrost zone, it is necessary to carry out their temperature zoning. To increase the safety of mining, it is recommended to use technological measures to prevent the thawing of the rock mass. Based on the research results, a Conclusion of rockburst hazard and gas-dynamic manifestations at the Irokinda gold ore deposit (2017) was written.
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Kimour, Mohamed, Mohamed L. Boukelloul, Abdallah Hafsaoui, S. Narsis, Khadouja M. Benghadab, and Aissa Benselhoub. "Geomechanical characterization of rock mass rating and numerical modeling for underground mining excavation design." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 32, no. 1 (April 9, 2023): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112308.
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The objective of the study is the geomechanical characterization of the rock mass rating RMR system and numerical modeling for mining underground excavation design of the Djebel El Ouahch tunnel, in Constantine (Algeria).The geological and geotechnical character- ization of the rock mass is important for the design of underground mining excavations. In this article, we present the results of the RMR characterization of the rock mass and the numerical modeling by the finite element method (FEM), under the conditions of the Djebel El Ouahch tunnel, Constantine (Algeria).The RMR system is a useful tool for characterization of the rock mass quality and establishing the appropriate support system. For poor rock (Class IV), the excavation should be top heading and bench 1.0 m – 1.5 m advance in top heading. Support should be installed concurrently with excavation, 10 m from face. Rock bolting should be systematic with 4 m – 5 m long, spaced 1.5 m – 1.5 m in the crown and walls with wire mesh, Shotcrete of 100 m -150 mm in the crown and 100 mm in sides. The steel sets should be light to medium ribs spaced 1.5 m only when required. The rock mass consists of generally poor rocks with average stand- up time of 10 hours for 2.5m span with mass cohesion ranges between 100 kPa – 200 kPa and rock mass friction angle ranges from 15° to 35°. The FEM project due to its precision calculates the safety factor and evaluates the principal deformations and displacements of the rocks mass .The originality of this work lies in the use of two different approaches , the RMR system and numerical method (FEM) for analyzing the quality and evaluation of the deformations and displace- ments of rock mass .This method has become a very common practice in underground mining excavation design.This study illustrates that the results obtained by RMR of the argillite rock mass in the case is 28.00 ,ranging from 21.0 to 40.0 classified as Class IV (Poor Rock), while the results of FEM reveal that in accordance with the poor quality of the rocks, large deformations and displacements were observed around the underground mining excavation, which can be at the origin of the ruptures. The value of the safety factor of the order of 0.95 to 1.24 shows the instability of the excavation, and the appearance of very considerable hazard zones in the argillite layer.
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Xiang, Wei, Hanlie Cheng, and David Cadasse. "Classification Method of Rock Structure and Rock Mass Quality of Surface Granite: Geological Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste in China." Adsorption Science & Technology 2022 (September 2, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7407532.
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The engineering quality of rock mass is a key factor to evaluate the long-term stability and safety of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) geological disposal engineering and is also the important basis for disposal site selection. Traditional rock mass quality classification methods, such as RMR and Q , can meet underground engineering but still should be studied further for the site evaluation in the HLW disposal engineering. In this study, rock mass structure rating (RMSG) was proposed based on the quantitative control index of rock mass structure which was from the rock mass quality classification methods. Based on the statistical results of rock mass structure, the relationship between the number of RMSG and the modified RMR ( F RMR ) and Q ( F Q ) was established, China, as a case study. Results from this study show that RMSG is linearly related to F RMR and negatively exponential to F Q . The research results can solve the evaluation of rock mass quality for HLW geological disposal engineering, and the addition of more engineering examples over time will enable further verification.
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Usanov, S. V., Yu P. Konovalova, E. Yu Efremov, О. D. Kharisova, and А. V. Usanova. "Unexpected deformation processes in the rock mass in surface mining: Emergence factors and prevention capabilities." Mining Industry Journal (Gornay Promishlennost), no. 1S/2022 (March 16, 2022): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1s-111-118.
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Unexpected abnormal deformation processes in rock masses lead to disruptions in the operation of mining facilities and endanger human life and health. The studies show that physiographic conditions, physical and mechanical properties of rocks, features of structural and tectonic structure of the rock mass can influence the unexpected character of the deformation phenomena. One of the important parameters that determines the development of catastrophic deformation processes is the geodynamic activity of the rock mass, which forms its stress state. The purpose of the research is to develop methodological approaches to identification of potentially hazardous areas in the rock mass. To do this, experimental studies were carried out in a mine where unexpected abnormal deformations took place, and the role of influencing factors was analyzed. Experiments were performed using geological, geophysical and geodetic methods. As the result of the study, it was established that unexpected emergency deformation processes develop in areas where the maximum number of complicating factors is concentrated. A rating evaluation of the area of surface development has been developed based on a combination of factors affecting the stability of the rock mass. The developed approaches make it possible to diagnose the rock mass and identify areas where geomechanical processes develop according to special parameters. Area zoning can be the basis for the development of automated monitoring system of rock mass deformations to prevent unexpected emergency events.
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Yue, Rui, Kegang Li, Qingci Qin, Mingliang Li, and Meng Li. "Study on the Weakening Law and Classification of Rock Mass Damage under Blasting Conditions." Energies 15, no. 5 (March 1, 2022): 1809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051809.
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To study the effects of declining mechanical parameters caused by blasting excavation on slopes, we introduced the damage degree index Ds, and established a relationship between Ds and the disturbance factor D in the Hoek–Brown criterion, along with a basic quality index BQ for the rock mass. We then explored the change law for the degree of rock damage Ds as a function of the disturbance factor D. We also used a phosphate mine slope in Guizhou Province for reference, and analyzed the process of damage evolution of the slope based on the RHT (Riedel-Hiermaier-Thoma Constitution) in LS-DYNA (Yunnan, China). Results showed a direct relationship between the GSI value in the Hoek–Brown criterion and the initial damage degree of the slope. As Ds increases, D increases exponentially. However, the compressive strength, elastic modulus, cohesion, and internal friction angle decreased nonlinearly, and the tensile strength of the rock mass decreased linearly. Among these parameters, the compressive strength decreased the most rapidly, while the internal friction angle decreased slowly. We also established a new grade for rock self-stabilization with Ds as the evaluation standard. Thus, these results may provide a theoretical basis for determining the mechanical properties of rocks for future slope protection and stability evaluations.
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Yang, Shan, Zitong Xu, and Kaijun Su. "Variable Weight Matter–Element Extension Model for the Stability Classification of Slope Rock Mass." Mathematics 9, no. 21 (November 4, 2021): 2807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9212807.
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The slope stability in an open-pit mine is closely related to the production safety and economic benefit of the mine. As a result of the increase in the number and scale of mine slopes, slope instability is frequently encountered in mines. Therefore, it is of scientific and social significance to strengthen the study of the stability of the slope rock mass. To accurately classify the stability of the slope rock mass in an open-pit mine, a new stability evaluation model of the slope rock mass was established based on variable weight and matter–element extension theory. First, based on the main evaluation indexes of geology, the environment, and engineering, the stability evaluation index system of the slope rock mass was constructed using the corresponding classification criteria of the evaluation index. Second, the constant weight of the evaluation index value was calculated using extremum entropy theory, and variable weight theory was used to optimize the constant weight to obtain the variable weight of the evaluation index value. Based on matter–element extension theory, the comprehensive correlation between the upper and lower limit indexes in the classification criteria and each classification was calculated, in addition to the comprehensive correlation between the rock mass indexes and the stability grade of each slope. Finally, the grade variable method was used to calculate the grade variable interval corresponding to the classification criteria of the evaluation index and the grade variable value of each slope rock mass, so as to determine the stability grade of the slope rock. The comparison results showed that the classification results of the proposed model are in line with engineering practice, and more accurate than those of the hierarchical-extension model and the multi-level unascertained measure-set pair analysis model.
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Danuartha, MSH, K. W. Sadono, and T. T. Putranto. "Stability Evaluation of Bener Dam Diversion Tunnel During Construction." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1098, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1098/1/012017.
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Abstract Bener Dam Diversion Tunnel is located in two rock units such as andesite and andesite breccia. Based on the engineering geology investigation, the subsurface tunnel will penetrate andesite breccia with good rock mass quality (fresh-moderately weathered), while surrounding the tunnel consist of andesite breccias with moderate and poor rock mass quality. Geological and engineering geology conditions are used as the basis for stability analysis of excavation methods and determining primary tunnel support systems. Geological Strength Index is used for determining rock mass parameters. The stability analysis of the openings and tunnel supports was carried out using an empirical and numerical method approach. The results of the empirical analysis of support system stability were then evaluated using the finite element method. The most suitable excavation method is applied by blasting. Evaluation of the support system based on rock mass rating with the finite element method modeling shows that the lowest safety score in the tunnel geomechanical zone is in zone 2 with a safety factor value at the final support is 1.786, however in general they are in a good condition which are safe from the initial excavation until the installation of supports stage.
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Wu, Xiao Guang, Zhi Qiang Yang, Qian Gao, and Duo Heng Ba. "The Classification and Quality Evaluation of Rock-Mass Based on Limited Geological Information." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 870–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.870.
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This paper takes the No. 1 ore body of Jinchuan 3rd mining area as an example, obtains the corresponding relation of surrounding rock quality evaluation index and spatial location.Through RMR rock classification method , using Rockware modeling system and limited geological informations, the statistical analysis of RMR and RQD showed that the rock of No. 1 ore body belongs to III~V type. Its rock mass is between normal to unstable. Through Rockware modeling system, we established the 3D rock properties model of UCS, RQD and RMR, and found that in the 5 to 6 rows of east hanging wall exists rock not conducive to the block caving method which belongs to the type of V. Finally, Statistical analysis was made based on the numerical model of strata. We find that , basically ,the rock block has good cavability because it belongs to the IV type of rock masses. However when design blocks and manage drawing, we must pay particular attention to the III type of rock, which is of moderate stability, and the V type of rock, which is less stable. All of these make a useful exploration for the research of key technology in the field of the interior of the earth.
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Chen, Xiang, Xiao Bo Qi, and Zhao Yi Xu. "Surrounding Rock Mass Quality Evaluation of Huangdao Water Sealed Underground Oil Tank." Advanced Materials Research 261-263 (May 2011): 1877–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.261-263.1877.
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Huangdao water sealed underground oil tank, which lies in Qingdao, Shandong province, is one of strategic reservoir of oil in China. Targeting at a real pragmatic problem that sometimes the rock mass integrity index is more than 1 and taking Huangdao water sealed underground oil tank as an example, the rock sample wave velocity-stress relation tests are carried out. Then unloading index is put forward and formula of raock integrity index is modified so as to improve rock quality classification method. In the end, the improved rock quality classification method is applied to Huangdao water sealed underground oil tank engineering. The result shows that the quality of most rock masses here is level I or II.
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Zhang, Liguo, Dong Wang, Guanghe Li, Jiaxing Dong, and Junpeng Zhang. "Stability Analysis and Reliability Evaluation in Cataclastic Loose Rock Mass Blocks." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (January 2, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5314937.
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Cataclastic rock masses with multiple failure modes and mechanisms are critical geological problems in the construction of rock slopes. Cataclastic rock masses are widely distributed in slopes of a hydropower project located on Lancang River, which is located in Tibet, China. In this study, the potentially unstable block of the slope is divided into key block and secondary key block based on the key block theory, and the system reliability evaluation theory is introduced. The method for quantitatively analyzing the rock mass stability of cataclastic slopes with sliding failure is established. Then, the spatial distribution of cataclastic rock masses and discontinuities in several rock slopes of a hydropower project are determined using traditional geological surveying and 3D laser scanning. At last, combining the BATE 2.0 software and the stereographic projection of the vector, the proposed method is applied to the study area. The results show that the main failure mode of the studied slope is wedge failure, and the system reliability is 1.69. With the increase in the instability probability of the key block, the increase in the instability probability of the system block is obvious, which reflects the controlling effect of the key block on the stability of the system block. The calculated system instability probability is slightly larger than the key block instability probability.
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FUJITA, Masaya, Kazuhide SAWADA, Atsushi YASHIMA, Shinichi ARAI, Ryuta SUZAKI, and Yoshio TAKIZAWA. "Evaluation of rock-bonding method for rock mass stabilization and its efficient management." Japanese Geotechnical Journal 8, no. 4 (2013): 621–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3208/jgs.8.621.
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Fereidooni, Davood, Gholam Reza Khanlari, and Mojtaba Heidari. "Assessment of a Modified Rock Mass Classification System for Rock Slope Stability Analysis in the Q-system." Earth Sciences Research Journal 19, no. 2 (December 17, 2015): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v19n2.49127.
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<p>This paper explores the applicability of a modified Q classification system and its component parameters for analysis and conclusion of site investigation data to estimate rock slope stability. Based on the literature, Q classification system has high applicable potential for evaluation of rock mass quality. Therefore, in this study, it was used with RMR and SMR rock mass classification systems to assess stability or instability of different rock slopes along the Hamedan-Ganjnameh-Tuyserkan road, Hamedan province west of Iran. Furthermore, a modified rock mass classification system namely Slope Quality Rating (SQR) was proposed based on the correction of the Q classification parameters and calculating some new parameters such as dip and strike of discontinuities and the method of rock excavation or blasting. For this purpose, the SMR and RMR rock mass classifications were also needed. By measuring SQR for different rock slopes, it will be possible to measure Slope Mass Rating (SMR).</p><p> </p><p><strong>Evaluación del sistema Q modificado de clasificación del macizo rocoso para el análisis de estabilidad de pendiente de roca</strong></p><p> </p><p><strong>Resumen</strong></p>Este artículo explora la aplicabilidad del sistema de clasificación Q modificado y sus parámetros para analizar y determinar la información estimada de estabilidad de pendiente de roca en el sitio determinado de estudio. Según la literatura, el sistema de clasificación Q tiene un alto potencial de aplicabilidad paral a evaluación de la calidad del macizo rocoso. En este estudio además se utilizó el sistema Q junto con los sistemas Índice de Masa de Pendiente (SMR) y Clasificación Geomecánica de Bienawski (RMR) para evaluar la estabilidad e inestabilidad de diferentes pendientes rocosas en la carretera Hamedan-Ganjnameh-Tuyserkan, de la provincia de Hamedan, en el Oeste de Irán. Además, se propone el Índice de Calidad de Pendiente (SQR), un sistema de clasificación de macizo rocoso modificado, a partir de la corrección de los parámetros de clasificación Q y el cálculo de nuevos parámetros como pendiente y caída de las discontinuidades y el método de excavación o explosión de la roca. Para esta propuesta también se utilizaron las clasificaciones SMR y RMR. La medición SQR en diferentes pendientes hizo posible el cálculo del sistema SMR.</p>
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Hanif, Ikfi Maasyi, and I. Gde Budi Indrawan. "The Evaluation of the Stability of Donan Cave, Pangandaran, West Java, Based on the Classification of Rock Mass." Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (Indonesian Journal of Community Engagement) 7, no. 4 (December 25, 2021): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpkm.47107.
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Assessment of rock mass quality was conducted to estimate the stability of Donan Cave. This research involved geological mapping, cave geometry mapping, rock mass quality zoning by scanline survey based on the Q-system rock mass classification, and cave stability estimation based on the rock mass quality, ratio of cave roof thickness to width, and load. The research results indicate that Donan Cave is composed of limestone of the Kalipucang Formation. Several faults are located in the vicinity of Donan Cave. Donan Cave is dominated by good to very good quality rock masses and is estimated to be stable in a relatively long period of time. However, rock fall hazard due to dynamic load at several zones, which have relatively thin and poor-quality rock masses has to be anticipated.
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He, Peng, Shang-qu Sun, Gang Wang, and Wei-teng Li. "Gaussian Process Model of Surrounding Rock Classification Based on Digital Characterization of Rock Mass Structure and Its Application." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (October 18, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5264072.
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As the important data basis of surrounding rock classification, rock mass structural information obtained by traditional image processing and feature extraction algorithms could not be quantitatively analyzed because of the uncertainty and geometric randomness of structural planes. In this paper, based on straight line detection, intelligent scissors, and morphological edge detection algorithms, the multiple interpretation system of rock mass image including linear bunching extraction, magnetic tracking extraction, and multiparameter characterization was researched and developed, and the actual distribution information and the related probability distribution model of structural planes could be obtained directly. On the basis of this, plenty of corresponding random rating-values meeting the probability distribution models of these evaluation indices were gained by Monte Carlo Simulation. The distribution probability affiliated with different rock mass grade was attained by inductive statistics, and the robust evaluation of surrounding rock classification could be carried out. Taking the robust results as learning samples, the response model of surrounding rock grade based on Gaussian process classification was established, making the evaluation of surrounding rock subclassification more rapid and robust.
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Lin, Fang, Hebing Luan, Yanhua Zeng, and Zhibin Zhong. "Some New Correlations of Q-Value with Rock Mechanics Parameters in Underground Oil Storage Caverns." Civil Engineering Journal 3, no. 8 (August 30, 2017): 537–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2017-00000111.
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Q-system is a preferred alternative method of rock mass classification for underground oil storage caverns where stable lithological rocks are widely distributed. In this paper, correspondences between important input rock mechanics parameters (friction angle, cohesion, tensile strength, Poisson’s ratio, deformation modulus) and Q values were investigated, thereby bringing convenient to rapidly obtain available parameters when it’s hard to collect measured field data in underground storage projects basically with similar lithology. The proposed correlations were verified through numerical simulation and on-site monitoring measurement. In addition, comparison of different criteria among Q-system and other codes for rock mass classification has been made to help for making a preliminary evaluation of rock mass quality in the practical engineering. Finally, the behaviours of surrounding rock deformations under different Q values were analysed by using FLAC3D code with the calculating parameters suggested in this paper, and the calculation results match well with measured values in situ. Above results will not only guide the construction but also could be relevant to other underground storage engineering under similar geological conditions.
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刘, 谦. "Multi-Grained Calculation Method for Rock Mass Quality Evaluation." Pure Mathematics 12, no. 06 (2022): 986–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/pm.2022.126108.
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Santos, Allan Erlikhman Medeiros, Milene Sabino Lana, and Tiago Martins Pereira. "Evaluation of machine learning methods for rock mass classification." Neural Computing and Applications 34, no. 6 (October 26, 2021): 4633–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00521-021-06618-y.
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Bae, Gyu-jin, Soo-Ho Chang, Seok-Won Lee, and Hae-Geun Park. "Evaluation of interfacial properties between rock mass and shotcrete." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 41, no. 3 (April 2004): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2003.12.093.
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Bae, Gyu-Jin, Soo-Ho Chang, Seok-Won Lee, and Hae-Geun Park. "Evaluation of interfacial properties between rock mass and shotcrete." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 41 (May 2004): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2004.03.027.
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Azad, Md Alquamar, Neelratan Singh, S. K. Singh, and Apurva Alok. "Evaluation of a Preliminary Support Design of Railway Tunnel Adit in Inner Lesser Himalaya India: An Empirical Analysis." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1032, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1032/1/012019.
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Abstract This article addresses the excavation method and support design for the adit tunnel in the Rudraprayag District, Lesser Himalayas of India, using Rock Mass Rating (RMR), Tunneling Quality Index (Q), and New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM). Based on ONORM B 2203 correlations with RMR and Q systems, the New Austrian Tunneling Method rock structure classes were developed. Because the geology was constantly changing, NATM concepts were applied. The RMR-based rock mass estimates were overestimated, but the qualitative investigation was correct. The NATM method is more appropriate for a Garhwal Himalayan rock with varying rock mass uncertainty. The present adit research reveals several outstanding questions about rock mass quality, tunnel behavior during construction, and use. The analysis results might be used to build new tunnels in comparable terrain in other parts of the world.
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Ma, Qiang, Guang Jie Li, and Yuan Hong. "The Evaluation of Stability of Rock Mass Slope Based on the Block Theory and DDA Numerical." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 1051–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.1051.
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The instability of rock mass in a large scale is caused by the geological interaction and movement over a long period of time, of which rock mass system cut by structural plane and free surface. Firstly the block theory and Kinematics vector analysis are applied to program the analysis of stability in rock mass slope in order to be fully utilised in the pragmatic constructions. Through Matlab compilation to calculate out the movable blocks then by DDA analysis method to analyse the movable blocks inconsecutively. The resultant force of rock blocks and strain can be solved to measure the stability of rock blocks according to the results.
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Hrubesova, Eva, and Marek Mohyla. "Back Analysis Methods in Geotechnical Engineering." Advanced Materials Research 1020 (October 2014): 423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1020.423.
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The paper deals with the back analysis method in geotechnical engineering, that goal is evaluation the more objective and reliable parameters of the rock mass on the basis of in-situ measurements. Stress, deformational, strength and rheological parameters of the rock mass are usually determined by some inaccuracies and errors arising from the complexity and variability of the rock mass. This higher or lower degree of imprecision is reflected in the reliability of the mathematical modelling results. The paper presents the utilization of direct optimization back analysis method, based on the theory of analytical functions of complex variable and Kolosov-Muschelischvili relations, to the evaluation of initial stress state inside the rock massif.
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Liu, Hongyan, and Xiaoping Yuan. "A Compressive Damage Constitutive Model for Rock Mass with a Set of Nonpersistently Closed Joints under Biaxial Conditions." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/136971.
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One of the most problems faced by the practical rock engineering is to evaluate the rock mass strength. Now the existing theoretical evaluation of the mechanical property of jointed rock mass has no satisfactory answer yet because of the great number of variables involved. One of them is the nonpersistent joints which inherently affect the rock mass mechanical behavior. The previous models for rock mass can only reflect the effect of joint geometrical property on its mechanical behavior. Accordingly, this paper presents a new theoretical model to evaluate the mechanical behavior of the rock mass with a set of nonpersistently closed joints under biaxial conditions, which can reflect the effect of both the joint geometrical and mechanical property on the mechanical behavior of the rock mass under biaxial conditions at the same time. A series of calculation examples validate that the proposed model is capable of presenting the effect of joint geometrical and mechanical properties and the confining pressure on rock mass strength at the same time.
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Herdiana, Hanifah Hilda, I. Gde Budi Indrawan, and Hendy Setiawan. "Engineering geological mapping for empirical design evaluation of Tunnel 10 of Jakarta - Bandung high-speed railway, Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 325 (2021): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132501006.
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An engineering geological mapping was carried out at the construction site of the Tunnel 10 of Jakarta Bandung High-Speed Railway to obtain data and information of the engineering geological conditions, particularly the rock masses. This research aims to determine the rock mass classes at the tunnel construction site and recommend the tunnel support system based on the Rock Mass Rating (RMR) and the Japan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE) systems. This research is expected to better understand the rock mass classes, which were previously determined based on the newly applied Basic Quality (BQ) system for the tunnel support empirical design. The results showed that the research area consisted of young volcanic products, namely moderate to highly weathered tuff breccia and andesitic breccia. The uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) of rock mass varies between 1-25 MPa. The RMR value ranges from 21 to 40, indicating disintegrated and poor rock mass quality. The proposed tunnel support system is the combination of shotcrete, steel support for top heading and bench support, arch sidewall, and invert concrete.
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Lutovac, Suzana, Miloš Gligorić, Jelena Majstorović, Milanka Negovanović, and Saša Jovanović. "Criteria for evaluation the seismic effect of blasting." Podzemni radovi, no. 43 (2023): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/podrad2343027l.
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The explosion that caused by blasting is accompanied by the release of a large amount of energy. That energy can be used for rock mass destruction. At the same time, one part of that energy is utilized for rock destruction while the second one gets lost in the rock mass in the form of seismic wave. Regarding that, blasting effects can be divided into two categories such as: useful work and useless work. Useful work is manifested in form of crushing and milling of the rock material in the limited zone around explosive matter and is defined as brisant effect of explosion. Useless work is a phenomenon known as seismic effect of explosion. Useless work is associated with the elastic displacement i.e., the oscillation of the rock mass particles in a very large space around the place of explosion and is felt as a shock. Oscillation velocity of the induced rock mass is most often taken as the parameter for the evaluation the seismic effect of blasting. It is considering that the oscillation velocity best relates and describes the danger of shocks and damages which can be caused, so the appropriate standards for the shock protection are based on the data related to the oscillation velocity. In many countries, regulations that control the shock level caused by blasting activities have been adopted. For our country, these regulations have not yet been adopted, so we used the regulations of other countries to solve these problems. In this paper, criterion of the Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, criterion according to the Russian standards for mining objects, criterion according to the German standards DIN and criterion according to the USA standards are presented.
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Caliò, Davide, Simone Mineo, and Giovanna Pappalardo. "Digital Rock Mass Analysis for the Evaluation of Rockfall Magnitude at Poorly Accessible Cliffs." Remote Sensing 15, no. 6 (March 9, 2023): 1515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15061515.
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The analysis of a digital rock cliff model, built by airborne photogrammetric data and infrared thermal images, is herein presented as an alternative tool for rock mass study in restricted and poorly accessible areas. Photogrammetric and infrared thermography techniques were combined for the geostructural and morphological characterization of an unstable cliff located in a nature reserve, where the rock mass extension and the environmental preservation rules required the use of minimally invasive surveying solutions. This methodological approach provided quantitative and qualitative data on both the spatial orientation of discontinuities and the location of major structural features, jutting blocks and past rockfall source areas. The digitally derived spatial data were used to carry out a rock mass kinematic analysis, highlighting the most recurring unstable failure patterns. Thermal images were overlapped to the photogrammetric cliff model to exploit the data combination and to analyze the presence of protruding rock mass volumes to be referred to as potential unstable volumes. Based on this activity, rock volumes were quantified on the digital model and the results were used to provide a zonation map of the potential magnitude of future rockfalls threatening the reserve. Digital data were validated by a field surveying campaign, which returned a satisfactory match, proving the usefulness and suitability of the approach, as well as allowing the quick and reliable rock mass characterization in the frame of practical use and risk management purposes.
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Saeidi, Ali, Côme Cloutier, Abbas Kamalibandpey, and Alireza Shahbazi. "Evaluation of the Effect of Geomechanical Parameters and In Situ Stress on Tunnel Response Using Equivalent Mohr-Coulomb and Generalized Hoek-Brown Criteria." Geosciences 12, no. 7 (June 28, 2022): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12070262.
Full textAbstract:
The generalized Hoek-Brown (GHB) failure criterion can estimate the rock mass parameters required for rock mechanics–related analyses such as numerical modeling in geomechanics. The determination of GHB parameters has been developed in the field of rock mechanics. Due to the wide use of the Mohr-Coulomb criterion and the lack of an existing relationship for determining its parameters for a rock mass, equivalent Mohr-Coulomb parameters (EMC) can be derived from the GHB. To determine the differences in the use of these two criteria, we analyzed the behavior of a deep circular tunnel in nine stress states for three metamorphic rocks recovered from the Canadian Shield from rock masses that present a very blocky structure. We carried out 241 simulations using the finite element code RS2 to assess the effect of the geological strength index (GSI), in situ stress, and rock type on the deviation of wall displacement, the number of yielded elements, and the differential stress obtained by the GHB and EMC parameters. A combination of low in situ stress and high GSI yielded similar results when using both failure criteria.