Journal articles on the topic 'Rock deformation Simulation methods'
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1
Zhang, Guoxin, Zhengqi Lei, and Heng Cheng. "Shear Creep Simulation of Structural Plane of Rock Mass Based on Discontinuous Deformation Analysis." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1582825.
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Numerical simulations of the creep characteristics of the structural plane of rock mass are very useful. However, most existing simulation methods are based on continuum mechanics and hence are unsuitable in the case of large displacements and deformations. The discontinuous deformation analysis method proposed by Genhua is a discrete one and has a significant advantage when simulating the contacting problem of blocks. In this study, we combined the viscoelastic rheological model of Burgers with the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) method. We also derived the recurrence formula for the creep deformation increment with the time step during numerical simulations. Based on the minimum potential energy principle, the general equilibrium equation was derived, and the shear creep deformation in the structural plane was considered. A numerical program was also developed and its effectiveness was confirmed based on the curves obtained by the creep test of the structural plane of a rock mass under different stress levels. Finally, the program was used to analyze the mechanism responsible for the creep features of the structural plane in the case of the toppling deformation of the rock slope. The results showed that the extended DDA method is an effective one.
2
Zhao, Changzheng, Shenggen Cao, Shuyu Du, Chiyuan Che, and Xingyao Wang. "Failure Characteristics and Deformation Control Methods of the Bottom Drum of Roadways during Repeated Mining of Multiple Coal Seams." Geofluids 2022 (May 23, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3903370.
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As the problems of serious bottom drum and roadway broken surrounding rock are influenced by repeated mining in multiple coal seams, the factors affecting the surrounding rock deformation of a +980 m roadway in Faer coal mine by analyzing the rock composition and obtaining borehole video data are investigated. The mechanism of the overburden caving affected by repeated mining of multiple coal seams is analyzed theoretically, and the numerical simulation is conducted to evaluate the deformation mechanism of roadway bottom drum. A combined support technology is proposed consisting of bolts, anchor cables, grouting, and pressure relief grooves. The measurements obtained during a 50 d monitoring period indicate that the deformations of the roof, floor, and both sides of roadway in the repaired and reinforced section are only 26, 56, and 26 mm, respectively. The fissures filled with slurry in the rock surrounding roadway can prevent further deformation of the rock mass.
3
Tang, Hao, Xiang Ji, Hongyi Zhang, and Tianbin Li. "Numerical Simulation of Large Compression Deformation Disaster and Supporting Behavior of Deep Buried Soft Rock Tunnel with High In Situ Stress Based on CDEM." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (March 3, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5985165.
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Large compressive deformation of tunnels is a phenomenon involving plastic deformation and failure of surrounding rocks and often refers to the weak surrounding rock self-bearing capacity loss or partial loss. This research discusses the formation and evolution of large compressive deformation and effectiveness of the combined support of high in situ stress tunnel. From the new perspective of large deformation disaster caused by the structural failure of high in situ stress surrounding rock to clarify it, this paper illustrates the mechanism of progressive cracking and large deformation of high in situ stress soft rock tunnel from the aspects of the formation of self-bearing system, deformation evolution of the surrounding rock, mechanical properties of the surrounding rock, and failure characteristics. Accordingly, the continuous and discontinuous numerical simulation methods are used. The following conclusions are drawn by comparing the simulation results of surrounding rock under combined support with no support. (1) The supporting structure constitutes the self-supporting system with the surrounding rock and plays the roles of codeformation and load-bearing. (2) The support structure has evident reinforcing effect on the rock mass in the relaxation zone, thereby leading to the phenomenon of weakened rock mass failure. Moreover, the shear area develops to the compaction zone. (3) The supporting structure improves the bearing capacity of rock mass in the relaxation zone. It also increases the surrounding rock stress and reduces the range of the compaction zone. Simulation results verify that the combined support measures have a good suppression effect on the large compressive deformation, thereby providing a reference for similar projects and research on the large compressive deformation of soft rock.
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Zhang, Xiang Dong, Peng Tao Zhao, and Wen Jun Gu. "Comparison and Analysis of Different Excavation Methods in Soft Rock-Extremely Soft Rock Tunnel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 1201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.1201.
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In order to further study the law of surrounding rock deformation of soft rock-extremely soft rock double arch tunnel, resolve problem of tunnel excavation in complex geology conditions, based on project example, the central heading full section, central heading step and division method (three heading method) as research object, measured and simulated results were compared and analyzed, and used ANDIA software to do dynamic simulation. The results show that the characters of surrounding rock deformation are different with different excavation methods; Simulated and measured results are almost the same ,and the maximum difference has only 6%, reflecting simulated value has a certain reliability; The more the step numbers are excavated in soft rock-extremely soft rock tunnel, the smaller the area excavated is, the smaller the rock is disturbance, the smaller the surface subsidence and two state convergence value is, more be able to meet construction requirements; Compared with the other two methods, division method is more to reduce the deformation in the surrounding rock with class of V.
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Xu, Qingchao, Zhenhao Bao, Tu Lu, Huarui Gao, and Jiakang Song. "Numerical Simulation and Optimization Design of End-Suspended Pile Support for Soil-Rock Composite Foundation Pit." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (July 1, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5593639.
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In order to design the soil-rock combination foundation pit more safely and effectively, this paper presents the investigations of the mechanical and deformational characteristics of end-suspended piles supporting the structures in Jinan CBD area. Based on the measured data, a finite element model was established through the two-dimensional numerical simulation method to study the deformational characteristics of the end-suspended piles, and the influences of the depth of socketed rock, the width of rock shoulder, and the prestress of anchor cables on the deformations and mechanical property of end-suspended piles were discussed. Some optimization methods are proposed based on these analyses. Results show the following: (1) Rock-socketed depths have boundary effect on end-suspended piles. Under the given geological conditions, the reasonable socketed ratio is within 0.158∼0.200. (2) The anchor cable prestress can effectively slow down the ground settlement, the force, and deformation of the pile body and can be set to 1P∼1.25P under the conditions of the site. (3) Rock-shoulder width has little influence on the ground settlement and horizontal displacement of piles. The reserved width of rock shoulder is suggested to be selected in the range of 1.0 m∼1.5 m.
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Cui, Zhen, Qian Sheng, Qingzi Luo, and Guimin Zhang. "Investigating the Anisotropy of Mechanical Parameters of Schist Rock with Practical Numerical Methods." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 13, 2021): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020725.
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The anisotropy of deformation and strength behavior in quartz mica schist is fundamental to rock mechanics. Here, we concentrated on the practical application of the numerical simulation of the anisotropy of schist rock. First, the existence of the anisotropy of the schist rock in engineering application was reported, tested in situ, and analyzed. Then, a set of specially designed multi-angle uniaxial compression tests was conducted. Based on these, two numerical simulation methods (explicit and implicit) for anisotropy were demonstrated and discussed. Between the two methods, the implicit method was more practical. Ultimately, the implicit method was adopted to perform an excavation simulation of the exploratory tunnel CPD-1. Our findings demonstrated the feasibility of the implicit method as a practical numerical method to determine the anisotropy of schist rock.
7
Yanli, Qi, Wen Shaoquan, Bai Mingzhou, Shi Hai, Li Pengxiang, Zhou Hao, and He Bohu. "Evaluation and Deformation Control Study on the Bias Pressure of Layered Rock Tunnels." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (August 5, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9937678.
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In the process of tunnel construction, the bias of layered rock mass tunnels has always been a prominent problem that troubles the construction and safe operation of tunnels. In this paper, a comprehensive method that combines monitoring technology and discrete element (3DEC) numerical simulation is proposed to analyze the deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock in the layered rock tunnel and the deformation law of the bias tunnel. The results indicate that the tunnel surrounding rock deformation in the study area showed the characteristics of bias. Based on the bias mechanism, the surrounding rock deformation law, the construction deformation control, and the optimization measures of layered rock mass in the bias tunnel were studied by means of combining monitoring technology with discrete element (3DEC) numerical simulation. Based on the research results, appropriate methods for controlling the deformation of the surrounding rock of the tunnel with comprehensive consideration of the anchor rod length, anchor rod angle, and anchor rod layout spacing were proposed. The method proposed in this paper could visually reveal the deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock of layered rock tunnels and the deformation law of bias tunnels. It could also better solve the problem of deformation control in the tunnel construction process. This approach provides a novel idea for special layered rock mass tunnel bias evaluation and deformation control parameter optimization and serves as a valuable reference for analogous engineering cases through engineering case analysis.
8
Li, Yu Sheng, Guang Peng Cao, and Jie Bao. "Dynamic Numerical Simulation for the Problem of Tunnel Rock Mass Large Deformation of a Hydropower Project in the Upper Reaches of Lancang River." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 1315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.1315.
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It is a very effective technology methods that using dynamic numerical simulation of discrete element method to study the large deformation problems of underground engineering rock mass which in the complex rock mass mechanics environmental conditions.Research achievements show that the development of deformation failure of the tunnel surrounding rock and the final convergence stability are mainly controlled by rock mass structure and its stress environment in the special toppling deformation rock mass. Deformation of the rock mass that in the lateral unloading and relaxation and also has a complex rock mass structure developed sustainably and progressivity over time,will eventually seriously damaged in roof fall. The surrounding rock deformation of the tunnel ,which have a good rock mass integrity and do not have the obvious unloading and relaxation stress environment, gradually tended to be stable after the initial deceleration-type development.
9
Katanov, Yuriy, Yuriy Vaganov, and Matvey Cheymetov. "Neural simulation-based analysis of the well wall stability while productive seam penetrating." Mining of Mineral Deposits 15, no. 4 (December 2021): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/mining15.04.091.
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Purpose is the development of mathematical models to evaluate deformation of parameters of the rock mass-well geological and engineering system within the anisotropic media. Methods. Both mathematical and neural modeling of a stress state of the rock mass-well system under conditions of geological uncertainty has been applied for the studies. From the viewpoint of mathematical modeling, analysis of probability of factors, complicating drilling, should involve a number of assumptions for strength and deformation characteristics of rock mass layers corresponding to particular hole-making conditions. Findings. A mathematical model of horizontal wellbore and geological layers, occurring along the structure under the conditions of permanent comprehensive stresses, has been developed. An analytical and graphical form has been applied to implement one of the basic aspects of aggregation principles of strength changes in each particular lithological layer for identification of an ideal value of horizontal/inclined wellbore length relative to the rock mass depths scheduled by mining. Regularities of changes in deformation and spatial well stability within the complex reservoirs depending upon various process duties have been determined. A neural simulation-based model has been proposed to analyze deformation of rock mass layers having different strength characteristics. Originality. Interaction between geomechanical characteristics of rock mass as well as deformation and spatial stability of well design has been evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively. Practical implications. An opportunity has been presented to forecast deformation of well walls taking into consideration different strength as well as structural and geological rock mass characteristics on the basis of neural simulation. The represented approach has been included on the register of the best scientific-based practices according to “Methods to recover low-pressure gas of Cenomanian producing complex” Project.
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Wang, Shu Yun, Xiong Gang Xie, and Xi Chen. "Computer Aided Design for Safety Analysis of Excavation in Stratified Rock Tunnel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 3197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.3197.
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Stratified rock mass is widely existing in tunnel engineering. The most relevant feature of stratified rocks is the occurrence of very persistent bedding, which makes the rock-mass highly non-isotropic. A number of techniques for designing underground excavations in stratified media have been described in the literature, like theoretical method and laboratory test, which can only be applied in analyzing the problem with simple geometry and costs much expense. Recently, with rapid development of computer technique, numerical simulation methods have been widely applied in engineerin. Among all the numerical simulation methods, fast lagrangian explicit finite difference code of continua (FLAC3D) is widely used to solve practical problems, especially in field of elasto-plastic characteristic, large deformation analysis and construction procedure. So in the present paper, numerical simulation for the failure mode of stratified rock mass after tunnel excavation is done by FLAC3D, which can give further guidance to understand the anisotropic characteristic of stratified rock mass.
11
Ren, Bai Cheng. "Foundation Pit Deformation during the Excavation and Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 577 (July 2014): 1123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.577.1123.
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Based on the background of foundation pit excavation of a village, the process of excavation is simulated by FLAC3D .And the calculation and analysis is combined with the engineering practice. The results show that the deformation of foundation pit is mainly composed of ground surface settlement, and the maximum deformation occurred in the middle of the pit wall at the top of the part. The surface subsidence with the ongoing of the excavation, the general surface subsidence trend is rising. When it comes to the foundation pit, when the settlement velocity is very large, the foundation turns to be unstable, which need supporting methods. Flac3D program applied on the excavation of rock and soil deformation law study is feasible. The result of the study to further relevant basis are provided for the practical engineering and have certain practical application value to the rock and soil deformation in the process of excavation research.
12
Ge, Chenyu, Liping Su, Lin Wang, Shuo Xu, and Pengqiang Yu. "Discrete Element Simulation and Monitoring Analysis of Different Construction Methods of the Shallow Buried Bias Tunnel." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (October 13, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6759797.
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Affected by the bias stress, the mechanical properties of shallow buried bias tunnel construction are complex. The influence of different construction methods on the stability of the portal section of the shallow buried bias tunnel has received significant attention in past studies, but the microscopic mechanism of it has not been properly analyzed. In this study, the discrete element method is used to simulate the construction steps of the three-step method and the single side heading method with and without systematic bolt supports taking Qijiazhuang tunnel as the research object. The tunnel surrounding rock stress, vertical displacement, and surface deformation results under different working conditions are analyzed, and the mechanism of systematic bolt supports is analyzed from microscopic perspective. The results show that the single side heading method can gradually release the load and deformation and better play the supporting capacity of lining; the existence of systematic bolt improves the shear capacity of surrounding rock and enhances the arching effect, thus significantly reducing the vertical displacement of surrounding rock and surface deformation. Finally, compared with the field monitoring data, it is recommended to adopt the single side heading method with systematic bolt support for the construction of the portal section.
13
Ma, Ke, Li-Ping Chen, Qian Fang, and Xue-Fei Hong. "Machine Learning in Conventional Tunnel Deformation in High In Situ Stress Regions." Symmetry 14, no. 3 (March 2, 2022): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14030513.
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Deformation prediction of extremely high in situ stress in soft-rock tunnels is a complex problem involving many parameters, and traditional analytical solutions and numerical simulations have difficulty achieving satisfactory results. This paper proposes the MIC-LSTM algorithm based on machine learning methods to predict the deformation of soft-rock tunnels under extremely high in situ stress conditions caused by construction. The study first analyzed the difficulties of engineering construction and the construction plan; then, numerical simulation was used to verify the modified construction plan. To prove that the construction plan was reasonable, machine learning was used to analyze the correlation of the various parameters that cause tunnel deformation; then, the future deformation of the tunnel was predicted. The study found that: (1) the new construction scheme contains symmetrical arrangement of bolts and two support structures along the tunnel vault can effectively control the deformation of the tunnel, and meet the requirements of the specification; (2) the rock uniaxial compressive strength had the greatest impact on tunnel deformation, and the rock humidity had the least influence on tunnel deformation; and (3) the prediction curve based on the deep learning model had a higher similarity to the monitoring curve compared with the traditional numerical analysis software. The MIC-LSTM machine algorithm provides a new approach to predicting the deformation of extremely high in situ stress soft-rock tunnels.
14
Sun, Xiaoming, Chao Ren, Junchao Yuan, Jianming Du, Jinshan Liu, and Bo Guo. "The Analysis of Time-Space Effect of Surrounding Rock Deformation of TBM Tunnels in Deep Composite Stratum with or without Support." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (July 7, 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5494192.
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In view of difficult problems such as excavation, segment simulation, deformation, and force measurement in the small-scale model testing of deep composite stratum TBM tunnel, the TBM simulation experimental device, the model segment ring prefabrication device, and the digital photogrammetry technology were comprehensively adopted. Also, the calculation methods were proposed. The analysis of the deformation characteristics as well as rupture of surrounding rock revealed those space-time effects: (1) When no support existed, the space-time effect of the surrounding rock deformation was concentrated in the following case: with the development of time, the deformation of surrounding rock starts from the sides of the arch waist at the junction of the composite stratum, while four arcs were derived and shear sliding occurred, resulting in overall collapse and destruction. (2) Following the support application, the space-time effect of the surrounding rock deformation was concentrated on the three stages of the interaction between the surrounding rock and the support, namely, the preliminary stage, the equilibrium process, and the instability state. The spatial effect was concentrated in the area where the surrounding rock was deformed and destroyed. The most severe area was the shallow surrounding rock, while the sub-violent area was the corner of the sidewall.
15
Yang, Xiaojie, Chaowen Hu, Jianhui Liang, Yubo Zhou, Guofeng Ni, and Ruifeng Huang. "A Case Study on the Control of Large Deformations in a Roadway Located in the Du’erping Coal Mine in China." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (April 28, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9628142.
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The effective control of large roadway deformations has always been a focus and difficulty in the coal industry. At present, a “bolt + cable + mesh + shotcrete” combined support structure has been widely used in China to support roadways with large deformations, and this method has achieved some success. However, large roadway deformations supported by using the “bolt + cable + mesh + shotcrete” support structure still have a series of engineering problems. This paper describes a case study of large deformation control in a roadway surrounded with broken rock located in the Du’erping coal mine in the Shanxi Province of China. A new “shell + bolt + shotcrete” combined support structure is proposed to support the north wing main haulage roadway. Methods were adopted from theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and similarity simulation experiments to design a reinforced shell within a vertical wall semicircular arch. Roadway convergence and surrounding rock stress were monitored on the site. The monitoring data showed that the new support structure successfully controlled a potentially large deformation of the roadway. This new combined support structure provides a helpful reference for the design and engineering of support structures to prevent large roadway deformations.
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Vlachopoulos, N., M. S. Diederichs, V. Marinos, and P. Marinos. "Tunnel behaviour associated with the weak Alpine rock masses of the Driskos Twin Tunnel system, Egnatia Odos Highway." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 50, no. 1 (January 2013): 91–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2012-0025.
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Based on the excessive deformations and support failure encountered during tunnel construction at the Driskos Twin Tunnel site in Northern Greece, this paper provides insight on how tunnels designed in such weak rock environments can be realistically analyzed with a view of determining better analytical tools to predict deformations and improving current design methods. Specific factors that were assessed include rock strength based on the geological strength index (GSI), tunnel deformation, numerical analysis techniques employed, three-dimensional model type, support considerations, dilation, sequencing of tunnel excavation, influence of single bore construction on twin bore, and homogenization of tunnel faces. This work involves the use of nominally identical two- and three-dimensional numerical models of tunnel sequencing for analytical simulation of weak material behaviour and sequential tunnel deformation response with the goal of investigating the strength and deformation of such weak rock masses. These have been used in combination with monitoring data that were obtained in the field during the Driskos Twin Tunnel construction. A discussion of the geological conditions, material property determination, monitoring data, and model calibration strategy is given. This paper provides insight into these issues and poses many more fundamental questions regarding the analysis of tunnel excavation within weak rock masses requiring further investigation.
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Tian, Yong Ding, Cong Cai, Jia Peng, Jin Hua Wu, and Jia Qi Zhang. "Numerical Analysis of Deeply Buried Small Net Distance Tunnels on Rock Stability under Different Construction and Methods." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 1346–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.1346.
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Based on the background of a highway, for tunnels with small spacing of complex stress condition, adopt various construction schemes for numerical simulation using Midas Gts finite element software under the condition of deep-buried small net distance tunnel. Use full-face excavation method, benching tunneling construction method and both side heading method to compare surrounding rock stress, surrounding rock deformation, internal force of bolt and shotcrete support system structure, lateral-wall displacement and stability of surrounding rock. Analyse displacement and stress change laws before and after the excavation of tunnel surrounding rock and supporting structure under different schemes.
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Ye, Song, Yu Sheng Li, and Qian Guo. "Mechanics Research on Rock Stress and Deformation of Lancang River Canyon's Large - Scale Dumping Deformation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.318.
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This article is based on geological surveys combined with finite element and discrete element numerical simulation methods. In-depth analysis of the complex geological structure, deformation characteristics and stress - deformation problems of dumping rock, we clarify different deformation characteristics of deformable landslide inside, at the bottom and the deep part of trailing edge, and demonstrate the deformation will gradually shift from dumping to shear slip. Potential deformation failure mode will be dumped into the whole sliding - tension, which is controlled by the bottom broken belt, and potential deformation is mainly subject to the bottom fault F207-3 of deformed rock and the dumping broken belt at the deep part of trailing edge.
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Zhang, Xiulian, Manchao He, Fengnian Wang, Gan Li, Shengxin Xu, and Zhigang Tao. "Study on the Large Deformation Characteristics and Disaster Mechanism of a Thin-Layer Soft-Rock Tunnel." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (August 13, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8826337.
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In view of the large deformation of thin-layer soft rock in the No. 2 inclined shaft of the Muzhailing Tunnel, we performed an experimental investigation on the mineral composition, physical characteristics, and uniaxial compressive strength of the surrounding rock of the tunnel. The characteristics of the large deformation of the surrounding rock of the tunnel were analyzed, and the main factors influencing the deformation of the tunnel were revealed. The influence of various factors on the large deformation of the surrounding rock was analyzed using the 3DEC-Trigon discrete element numerical simulation method. The results show that (1) the deformation of the surrounding rock of the tunnel has remarkable asymmetry, the deformation of the initial support of the tunnel is significant, and the buried depth of the area where the maximum deformation of the tunnel exceeded 1 m is greater than 500 m; (2) the main factors influencing the deformation of a thin-layer slate tunnel include joint inclination, buried depth, water absorption, and softening of the surrounding rock; and (3) the maximum deformation of the surrounding rock is observed for a joint angle of 45°, at which the buried depth is directly proportional to the deformation and failure of the tunnel. Furthermore, after the surrounding rock was softened by water absorption, the floor of the tunnel, the left shoulder socket, and the right side of the tunnel are deformed greatly. The results of this study will provide a theoretical basis for the study of similar deformation control methods and supporting measures for tunnels excavated in thin-layer soft rock.
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Xu, Wei, Ming Cheng, Xiangyang Xu, Cheng Chen, and Wei Liu. "Deep Learning Method on Deformation Prediction for Large-Section Tunnels." Symmetry 14, no. 10 (September 26, 2022): 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14102019.
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With the continuous development of engineering construction in China, more and more large-section highway tunnels have emerged. Different geological engineering environments determine the diversity of construction plans. The determination of construction plans and the prediction of tunnel deformations have always been the key points of engineering construction. In this paper, we use numerical simulations to determine specific construction parameters in the context of actual highway tunnel projects, and then use deep learning methods to predict deformation during tunnel construction, thus providing guidance for construction. We have found that: (i) Different excavation sequences and excavation depths have different effects on the surrounding rock deformation around the tunnel. The optimal excavation sequence through numerical simulation in this study is symmetrical excavation, and the excavation depth is 2 m. (ii) Numerical simulation based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) algorithm is used to predict the tunnel deformation. It is found that the prediction results of the LSTM algorithm are more consistent with the actual monitoring data. (iii) Multi-step prediction is more important for engineering guidance, and three-step prediction can be considered during the process of engineering construction. Therefore, the machine learning algorithm provides a new method for engineering prediction.
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Wang, Hong, Lei Liu, and Xiang Liu. "Discussion on the Calculation and Analytic Method of the Surrounding Rock of Tunnel on the ADINA." Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (September 2013): 680–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.680.
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Space of surrounding rock pressure is caused by underground excavation surrounding rock mass and the supporting force of deformation or destruction. Weight model, reduction weight model, tunnel specification and finite element model are four commonly surrounding rock pressure calculation methods. This paper put forward a more reasonable tunnel surrounding rock pressure calculation model by using the finite element analysis software, numerical simulation of tunnel excavation and comparison and analysis of the four calculations results.
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Wang, Xinfeng, Shan Li, Youyu Wei, and Yiying Zhang. "Analysis of Surface Deformation and Settlement Characteristics Caused by Tunnel Excavation and Unloading." Geofluids 2022 (March 30, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5383257.
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Aiming at the problems of surface deformation and unloading settlement caused by urban tunnel construction, the basic characteristics of surface deformation caused by tunnel construction, the main influencing factors of surface deformation and settlement, and the temporal and spatial evolution law of stress field and displacement field of surface deformation and settlement are studied by using the comprehensive methods of evaluation factor analysis, theoretical research, and numerical simulation. The results show that the surrounding rock deformation of the tunnel is mainly concentrated in the arch crown and arch bottom, and the deformation gradually decreases from the center of the tunnel to the periphery. The surrounding rock of arch crown has sudden settlement, large deformation rate and amount, and poor stability of surrounding rock, and is prone to engineering accidents such as block falling and even collapse. The farther away from the tunnel, the smaller the degree of settlement. As the time step of tunnel excavation increases, the influence area of surface deformation and settlement increases gradually. After the tunnel adopts reasonable lining support, it can effectively prevent soil deformation transmission and restrain tunnel instability deformation, so as to prevent surface deformation and settlement by improving the self stability of surrounding rock and taking lining support and other measures.
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Lv, Yi Qing, Hong Fu Liu, and Jian Jun Yang. "Study of Failure Mechanism of Anti-Dip Rocks Materials Slope under Mining Subsidence." Advanced Materials Research 143-144 (October 2010): 1097–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.143-144.1097.
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In order to protect the lives and property of mine workers, the influence of rocks materials slope induced by coal mining was presented. Based on geological data, a case of the mining areas of Fengmaoding anti-dip slope in China was studied using simulation analysis methods. Results show that deformation and fracture of this slope was influenced by mining subsidence, and the rock and soil layer made subsidence deformation in the vertical direction under geostatic pressure. After the deformation became stability, it would make failure strain in the horizontal direction. If initial stress of the slap’s failure in surface exceeded the shear resistance,the slope gradually slipped down, and the landslides occurred finally.
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Sun, Zhi Jie. "Numerical Analysis of Construction Method in Shallow-Buried Large-Section Loess Tunnel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 997–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.997.
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To research the deformation regularity of large section loess tunnel in construction procession with different construction methods, 3D Numerical Simulation is applied and the large-section loess tunnel of highway is taken as an example. Comparing deformation regularity of surrounding rock in three types of construction method conditions, the research results show that:The CRD method takes precedence in the condition of the convergence of surrounding rock is large. The both sides heading method takes precedence in the condition of ground surface settlement is large.
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Wang, Shu Yun, and Xiong Gang Xie. "Safety Analysis for Rock Slope Reinforced by Piles with Computer Aided Design Method." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.355.
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The stabilization of slopes by placing passive piles is one of the innovative slope reinforcement techniques in recent years. There are numerous empirical and numerical methods for designing stabilizing piles. They can generally be classified into two different types: (1) pressure/displacement-based methods; (2) finite element/finite difference methods. However, seldom studies have been done on the stratified rock slope reinforced by piles, so in the present paper, the numerical simulation software FLAC3D is adopted to model the stratified rock slope, then the reinforced effect like deformation and stress of slope are studied, showing that if the pile is driven at the mid-bottom place of slope surface, the effect of controlling deformation of rock mass is the best. With increase of the length of pile, the maximum displacement of slope is decreased gradually.
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Wang, Kai, Lianguo Wang, Bo Ren, and Hao Fan. "Study on Seepage Simulation of High Pressure Grouting in Microfractured Rock Mass." Geofluids 2021 (February 3, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6696882.
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In coal mines, under high in situ stress and strong mining activity, roadway surrounding rock commonly contains large amounts of larger fractures and microfractures. Along with the large deformation and continuous rheology of the soft rock roadway, the fractures in the surrounding rock are likely to be compressed and closed, forming undeveloped microfractures, which hinder conventional grouting support methods. Based on the fluid-solid coupling between slurry seepage and microfracture deformation, a theoretical model of microfracture grouting seepage is established. A program for the analysis and calculation of microfracture grouting is developed to quantitatively describe the variation in slurry seepage distance and fracture opening. Numerical experiments are carried out to study the grouting seepage of microfractures under different grouting pressures and fracture opening conditions, and the variation rules for the spatial distribution of fracture opening and slurry seepage distance during grouting pressure are obtained. Fluid-solid coupling has a significant influence on grout seepage characteristics. The grouting pressure and the fracture opening changes are nonlinearly attenuated along the grout seepage direction.
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Jin, Sheng Ji, Yong Qin Rui, and Zhe Shu. "Study on the Deformation and Stability of Surrounding Rock." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 465–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.465.
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To rely on nuclear power plant water tunnel project, through the numerical simulation methods, we analysized the extent of rock deformation and stability of the process of excavation and supporting to reveal the deformation near the working face of rock tunnel.The research results show: When carrying out tunnel excavation, the plastic deformation zone in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the tunnel axis and the vertical downward direction are extended, the vault appears to sink, but also occurred in surface subsidence. Contrast the extent of tunnel excavation: The minimum extent is the tunnel axis perpendicular to the vertical downward, followed along the tunnel axis, the maximum extent is perpendicular to the direction of horizontal tunnel axis. Three kinds of excavation methods, a substantial volume reduction of sinking takes place in short steps and extra short steps excavation than the excavation of the top arch , and the surrounding area within the plastic is significantly reduced, which shows the smaller footage of the excavation the better control of the sinking of the crown.
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Liu, Qin, Jiankun Guo, Lei Liu, Kunpeng Huang, Wei Tian, and Xinzhi Li. "Optimization Analysis of Smart Steel-Plastic Geogrid Support for Tunnel." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (December 27, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6661807.
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With the concept of smart geogrid coming out, many scholars have built optical fiber into the geogrid to form a kind of smart geogrid material with self-sensing function of structural deformation. It can not only reinforce the parts with potential safety hazards, but also have the functions of safety monitoring, intelligent prevention, and control of engineering disasters, which is of great significance for ensuring the safety of tunnel construction and improving the tunnel monitoring methods. Based on predecessors’ research on smart geogrid tensile calibration experiment and sensor method simulation and experimental verification, this paper analyzes the smart geogrid and the tunnel surrounding rock as a whole, to study the deformation coordination mechanism between the geogrid material and the tunnel surrounding rock. Referring to the relevant engineering practice case, through finite element numerical simulation, the optimal layout of smart geogrid material was explored, and the principle of discrete curvature reconstruction curve sensing of smart geogrid was optimized by simulating the working conditions of different construction methods and supporting conditions, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the application of smart geogrid material in practical tunnel engineering.
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Yuan, Qiang, Jing Chai, Yuzhu Zhang, Yongliang Liu, and Yiwei Ren. "Investigation of Deformation Pattern and Movement Law of the Huge-Thick Conglomerate Stratum by a Large-Scale 3D Model Test with Distributed Optical Fiber Sensor Monitoring." Sensors 21, no. 17 (September 6, 2021): 5985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21175985.
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Mining activities under the circumstances of huge-thick stratum occurrence commonly result in dynamic response of the working face. It is crucial to understand the rock failure and movement of the huge-thick stratum in order to prevent dynamic hazards. This paper introduces distributed optical fiber sensor (DOFS) monitoring into a large-scale model test to investigate the deformation pattern and movement law of the huge-thick conglomerate (HTC); the monitoring results are verified by numerical simulation. The results indicate that DOFS monitoring captures the spatiotemporal evolution of zoning development in the overburden deformation. The deformation field of HTC is illustrated, and there exists a strain basin that can be used to estimate the movement law of HTC. The average strain variability Ex, a new homogenization index for characterizing the overburden deformation, is proposed to describe the broken rules of the HTC. The numerical simulation proves the feasibility of the DOFS monitoring method and the correctness of the deformation pattern and movement law. This study provides efficient methods for DOFS monitoring utilization to investigate mining engineering problems and could be beneficial for unearthing the mechanisms of deep ground rock deformation.
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Liu, Yanqing, Pengqiang Zheng, Liqiang Xu, Wenjing Li, Yueqi Sun, Weiwei Sun, and Zhen Yuan. "Mechanism of Roof Deformation and Support Optimization of Deeply Buried Roadway under Mining Conditions." Applied Sciences 12, no. 23 (November 25, 2022): 12090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122312090.
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Large deformations in local areas during service in a mine roadway are prone to roofing hazards, seriously threatening people’s lives and urgently needing to be addressed by means of support optimization. Traditional methods of studying the stability of the roadway roof are mainly based on the theory of the surrounding rock loosening circle, but few studies analyze the stability of roadway roofs around the failure distribution and expansion of weak interlayers. Therefore, the relationship between the deformation characteristics of the tunnel envelope and the thickness of the soft and weak interlayer and the underlying hard rock layer was investigated using a comprehensive research method such as theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field monitoring. The results show that the form of roadway roof failure is determined by weak interlayer thickness. For a mining-disturbed roadway, if the weak interlayer thickness remains unchanged, as the underlying hard strata thickness increases, the existence of a more integral hard stratum cannot prevent plastic zones from forming in the weak interlayer but can prevent them from developing in the key layer 1. If the underlying hard strata thickness remains unchanged, the smaller the weak interlayer thickness, the smaller the area of plastic zone failure in the roadway roof. After the deformation characteristics of the roadway containing the weak interlayer were clarified, according to its characteristics, the support optimization method of increasing the length of anchor bolt and anchor cable is proposed. The displacement of the roadway roof was reduced by 35% after verification by numerical simulation. After applying the support optimization method on site, the roadway displacement basically stabilized after 40 days, with the roof slab sinkage, two gang convergence and bottom bulge reaching 53 mm, 42 mm and 39 mm, respectively. The overall deformation of the roadway was small, effectively controlling the surrounding rock deformation and reducing economic losses for the mine.
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Zhang, He, Fatick Nath, Prathmesh Naik Parrikar, and Mehdi Mokhtari. "Analyzing the Validity of Brazilian Testing Using Digital Image Correlation and Numerical Simulation Techniques." Energies 13, no. 6 (March 19, 2020): 1441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13061441.
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Characterizing the mechanical behavior of rocks plays a crucial role to optimize the fracturing process in unconventional reservoirs. However, due to the intrinsic anisotropy and heterogeneity in unconventional resources, fracture process prediction remains the most significant challenge for sustainable and economic hydrocarbon production. During the deformation tracking under compression, deploying conventional methods (strain gauge, extensometer, etc.) is insufficient to measure the deformation since the physical attachment of the device is restricted to the size of the sample, monitoring limited point-wise deformation, producing difficulties in data retrieval, and a tendency to lose track in failure points, etc. Where conventional methods are limited, the application of digital image correlation (DIC) provides detailed and additional information of strain evolution and fracture patterns under loading. DIC is an image-based optical method that records an object with a camera and monitors the random contrast speckle pattern painted on the facing surface of the specimen. To overcome the existing limitations, this paper presents numerical modeling of Brazilian disc tests under quasi-static conditions to understand the full-field deformation behaviors and finally, it is validated by DIC. As the direct tensile test has limitations in sample preparation and test execution, the Brazilian testing principle is commonly used to evaluate indirectly the tensile strength of rocks. The two-dimensional numerical model was built to predict the stress distribution and full-field deformation on Brazilian disc under compression based on the assumptions of a homogenous, isotropic and linear elastic material. The uniaxial compression test was conducted using the DIC technique to determine the elastic properties of Spider Berea sandstone, which were used as inputs for the simulation model. The model was verified by the analytical solution and compared with the digital image correlation. The numerical simulation results showed that the solutions matched reasonably with the analytical solutions where the maximum deviation of stress distribution was obtained as 14.59%. The strain evolution (normal and shear strains) and displacements along the central horizontal and vertical planes were investigated in three distinguishable percentages of peak loads (20%, 40%, and 90%) to understand the deformation behaviors in rock. The simulation results demonstrated that the strain evolution contours consistently matched with DIC generated contours with a reasonable agreement. The changes in displacement along the central horizontal and vertical planes showed that numerical simulation and DIC generated experimental results were repeatable and matched closely. In terms of validation, Brazilian testing to measure the indirect tensile strength of rocks is still an issue of debate. The numerical model of fracture propagation supported by digital image correlation from this study can be used to explain the fracturing process in the homogeneous material and can be extended to non-homogeneous cases by incorporating heterogeneity, which is essential for rock mechanics field applications.
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Zhao, Xingdong, Shaolong Qin, Yangyang Li, Wenlong Yu, and Tong Wu. "Analyzing Support Stability of Deep Shaft Based on Plastic Softening and Dilatancy of Hard Rock Mass." Processes 11, no. 1 (January 6, 2023): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11010186.
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To explore the stability analyses and control methods for surrounding rocks in deep hard rock shafts, this paper is based on field engineering geological surveys and laboratory rock mechanics tests and relies on the main shaft being constructed in the Shaling Gold Mine of China as the engineering background. The quality of the rock mass is evaluated by the Q system, rock mass rating (RMR) and geological strength index (GSI). The mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock mass of the shaft are calculated by using the generalized Hoek–Brown failure criterion, and the main support system is determined based on the rock mass classification system. Based on the finite element method, a two-dimensional plane strain model is constructed to analyze and evaluate the deformation and plastic region range of surrounding rocks for different support systems. On this basis, considering the dilatancy and plastic softening characteristics of hard rock masses, an analytical solution of the stress, strain and plastic region radius of hard rock around shafts in homogeneous media is proposed. Finally, the plastic region of the surrounding rock is measured by the P-wave velocity test method. The results show that after considering the dilatancy and plastic softening characteristics of the rock mass, the numerical simulation, theoretical analytical solution and measured results are basically consistent, and the proposed support system can effectively ensure the stability of the shaft.
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Yang, Wen Dong, Xi Chao Gao, Yan Mei Zhang, Jia Yang, Gang Wang, and Qiang Yong Zhang. "Research on Back Analysis of Parameters for Excavation of the Underground Cavern Group of a Large-Scale Hydro-Power Station by Using Orthogonal Optimization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 3356–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.3356.
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Engineering rock mass is a highly complex grey system, it is impossible to get all the parameters of rock mass by theoretical methods or field measurement approach. Underground engineering feedback analysis method is a reliable way to improve the design, optimization and construction. Based on the field data of underground cavern of a large-scale hydro-power station, the three-dimensional finite element model is established, and orthogonal experimental design and multi-objective optimization method are used for the rapid back analysis. This method could be used for obtaining the rock parameters by inversion calculating in the underground cavern construction of a large-scale hydro-power station. Meanwhile, the inversion parameters could also be applied in the excavation simulation for the next phase and the rock deformation and stability is predicted afterwards. The design and construction sectors are supposed to get its feedback in time, which effectively guarantees the stability of the surrounding rocks.
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Kang, Yong, Bo Long Chai, Xiao Chuan Wang, and Deng Li. "A New Criterion for Stability Analysis of Tunnel Surrounding Rock-Support Structure Based on the Convergence-Confinement Method." Advanced Materials Research 629 (December 2012): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.629.427.
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In the decision making of tunnel excavation and support scheme, stability analysis of surrounding rock-support structure is an essential link. Especially in fractured weak zone under complex geological condition, accurately measuring the deformation of support structure has an important significance for fast and safe construction. Based on the application of convergence confinement principle in judging tunnel deformation, this paper presented a new idea of using the ultimate displacement of tunnel initial support to analyze the stability of tunnel surrounding rock-support structure. Then, with a full investigation on the deformation and failure characteristics of highway tunnel surrounding rock at fractured weak zone, the ultimate displacement was got by using methods of numerical calculation and site monitoring measurement. Finally, the stability analysis of support structure in Zhongxing Tunnel was done. It can be arrived that there is a certain gap between true value u and measured value um of surrounding rock deformation. If the measuring points are installed after three excavation cycle, u is approximately equal to 1.6 um. then, based on the analysis of numerical simulation results and monitoring data of Zhongxing Tunnel, the paper indicated that the top and spring of arch are risk regions, reserved deformation of fractured weak zone is not enough, it should be adjusted from 10cm to 20cm.
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Wu, Bo, Wei Huang, and Yong Bo Zhao. "The Researches on Construction Response and Excavation Method Optimization of Extra-large Cross-section Urban Subway Tunnel." E3S Web of Conferences 38 (2018): 03041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183803041.
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In the extra-large cross-section urban subway underground station projects, the key problem is to choose the appropriate excavation method and grasp the mechanical behavior of the surrounding rock after excavation. The double side drift method is widely used in the urban subway underground station construction with extra-large cross-section in China. This paper presents the deformation characteristics of the extra-large cross-section tunnel of urban subway and a comparison with the numerical simulation results. In the city subway underground excavation of large section station, the mechanical behavior of surrounding rock change and its influence on the surrounding area mainly depend on the selection of construction methods. The convergent deformation of tunnel cavern, the subsidence of the surface and the force failure of the surrounding rock associated the construction approaches are demonstrated. This study provides a more in-depth demonstration of the way to optimize the excavation method of the extra-large cross-section tunnel to achieve the purpose of controlling the deformation of the surface and surrounding rock.
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ZHANG, GUOXIN, YAN ZHAO, and XIAOCHU PENG. "SIMULATION OF TOPPLING FAILURE OF ROCK SLOPE BY NUMERICAL MANIFOLD METHOD." International Journal of Computational Methods 07, no. 01 (March 2010): 167–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876210002118.
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As one type of rock slope failures, topping failure can be accurately simulated only when several aspects are correctly calculated such as deformation and stress, contacts between blocks, contact stress, movement of blocks, open/close of contacts between blocks, development of failure plane, and crack generation and propagation. Current numerical methods encounter many difficulties in simulating toppling failure, especially for rock slope with lots of rock-bridges. Numerical manifold method (NMM) can deal with these highly discontinuous problems and be used to model the toppling failure of rock slopes. This paper first introduces the fundamental principles, modeling of contacts, calculation of contact force and stress, and modeling of failure in NMM. Then, several case studies are conducted to testify the accuracy and convergence of method; comparisons with method, based on limit equilibrium principle, which was proposed by Goodman and Bray (G–B method) and centrifuge test are conducted. Finally, the topping failure of left bank of one high dam is simulated. Results show that the NMM can be used to correctly calculate the toppling safety factor, simulate the failure process of slope toppling, and accurately model the whole failure process of rock slopes with many rock-bridges.
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Fuxing, Xie. "Control of Gob-Side Roadway with Large Mining Height in Inclined Thick Coal Seam: A Case Study." Shock and Vibration 2021 (March 3, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6687244.
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The gob-side roadway of 130205, a large-mining-height working face in the Yangchangwan coal mine, was investigated in terms of the mine pressure law and support technology for large mining heights and narrow coal pillars for mining roadways. The research included field investigations, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, field tests, and other methods. This paper analyzes the form of movement for overlying rock structure in a gob-side entry with a large mining height and summarizes the stress state and deformation failure characteristics of the surrounding rock. The failure mechanism of the surrounding rock of the gob-side roadway and controllable engineering factors causing deformation were analyzed. FLAC3D numerical simulation software was used to explore the influence law of coal pillar width, working face mining height, and mining intensity on the stability of the surrounding rock of the gob-side roadway. Ensuring the integrity of the coal pillar, improving the coordination of the system, and using asymmetric support structures as the core support concept are proposed. A reasonably designed support scheme for the gob-side roadway of the working face for 130205 was conducted, and a desirable engineering effect was obtained through field practice verification.
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Pengfei, Jiao, Xiao Zhang, Xinzhi Li, Bei Jiang, Bohong Liu, and Haojie Zhang. "Optimization Analysis of Construction Scheme for Large-Span Highway Tunnel Under Complex Conditions." Archives of Civil Engineering 64, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ace-2018-0044.
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AbstractThe construction process of the tunnel ground deformation regularity of surrounding rock, stability, deformation control of tunnel surface based on the requirements, combined with the characteristics of shallow tunnel with large-span. Used three-dimensional numerical simulation software, established a dynamic tunnel analysis program to simulate the construction process of center cross-diagram method and double sidewall drift method. Based on the stratum deformation, supporting force and analysis of plastic zone distribution, comparative analysis of engineering adaptability of different construction methods from the construction process and construction mechanics, get optimization tunnel construction scheme.
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Sui, Zhi Li, Xu Peng Wang, Zhao Guang Li, and Xin Shuo Sun. "Research on the Temporal and Spatial Variation of Shallow Tunnel by Construction Disturbance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 1699–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.1699.
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In order to reduce the negative impact of the environment by shallow tunnel construction, ground movement and deformation must be estimated correctly, through simulating the entire process of the shallow tunnel construction, the methods of monitor numbers analysis and numerical simulation have been used to validate the surrounding rock stress and strain in different situation, then the rules of stress changing and the trend of ground surface movement have been in-depth studied. On the basis, non-linear regression method considered time factor has been used to research the space-time deformation law of ground surface, the work provides a new way of estimating the effect on ground surface about shallow tunnel construction.
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Zhou, Zong Hong, Ke Peng Hou, and Feng Yu Ren. "Numerical Simulation of Ground Pressure Activity Caused by Orebody Mining under Road." Advanced Materials Research 462 (February 2012): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.462.407.
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There is the Jinggu-Minle road to cross through the No. 3 ore clusters in Songjiapo copper mine. The surface ground deformation and strata movement caused by underground mining will threaten the road transportation safety, which doesn’t allow collapse. Using numerical simulation method, the ground pressure activity and deformation, movement mechanism of strata were analyzed under different mining methods. Moreover, some control measures such as reserving insulating pillar and point pillars were put forward to maintain the stability of mined-out areas and the surface road. An optimal mining scheme was recommended. The results showed that the mining process of No. 3 ore clusters can’t cause direct failure to road, and the failure of hanging wall rock will have indirect influence to the road with the lapse of time. Reserving the insulating pillar, top pillar and point pillars can effectively reduce the plastic area range of hanging wall and strata failure in the mining process. The results can provide theoretical basis for the actual mining design and rock strata control.
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Li, Guang, Fengshan Ma, Jie Guo, and Haijun Zhao. "Deformation Characteristics and Control Method of Kilometer-Depth Roadways in a Nickel Mine: A Case Study." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (June 5, 2020): 3937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10113937.
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Deformation failure and support methods of roadways have always been critical issues in mining production and safety, especially for roadways buried in complex engineering geological conditions. To resolve these support issues of kilometer-depth roadways under high ground stress and broken rock mass, a case study on the roadways in the No. 2 mining area of Jinchuan Mine, China, is presented in this paper. Based on a detailed field survey, the deformation characteristics of the roadways and failure modes of supporting structures were investigated. It was found that the horizontal deformations were serious, and the primary support was not able to control the surrounding rock well. Additionally, a broken rock zone test was carried out, which indicated that a zonal disintegration phenomenon occurred around the roadways and the maximum depth of the fractured zone was more than 4.8 m. In order to effectively limit the deformation in the roadways, a new support scheme called the “multistage anchorage + concrete-filled steel tube” was put forward. To further assess the support behavior of the new method, we selected a test roadway in the research area, and numerical simulations and in-situ monitoring were conducted. The findings suggest that the roadway’s serious deformation under high ground stress and broken rock mass could be successfully controlled by the new control method, which can provide a reference for other engineering solutions under similar geological conditions.
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Lei, Xinglin, Ziqiu Xue, and Tsutomu Hashimoto. "Fiber Optic Sensing for Geomechanical Monitoring: (2)- Distributed Strain Measurements at a Pumping Test and Geomechanical Modeling of Deformation of Reservoir Rocks." Applied Sciences 9, no. 3 (January 26, 2019): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9030417.
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In this study distributed fiber optic sensing has been used to measure strain along a vertical well of a depth of 300 m during a pumping test. The observed strain data has been used in geomechanical simulation, in which a combined analytical and numerical approach was applied in providing scaled-up formation properties. The outcomes of the field test have demonstrated the practical use of distributed fiber optic strain sensing for monitoring reservoir formation responses at different regions of sandstone–mudstone alternations along a continuous trajectory. It also demonstrated that sensitive and scaled rock properties, including the equivalent permeability and pore compressibility, can be well constrained by the combined use of water head and distributed strain data. In comparison with the conventional methods, fiber optic strain monitoring enables a lower number of short-term tests to be designed to calibrate the parameters used to model the rock properties. The obtained parameters can be directly used in long-term geomechanical simulation of deformation of reservoir rocks due to fluid injection or production at the CO2 storage and oil and gas fields.
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Babychev, Ihor, Illia Mykhailovich Yevtushenko, and Oleksandr Frolov. "SIMULATION OF JOINT FORMATION OF CAREER OVERBURDEN ROCK WITH PLACEMENT OF IRON ORE ENRICHMENT WASTE." Geoengineering, no. 6 (November 30, 2021): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2707-2096.6.2021.241934.
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Purpose. The purpose of the research presented in the article is to substantiate the possibility of dump formation during joint dumping of quarry overburden rocks and iron ore wastes during the development of the Horishne-Plavnivsky deposit of iron quartzites.
Task. Perform geomechanical modeling of the behavior of the quarry dump with the placement of funnels with enrichment wastes and establish the possibility of their joint storage in the dumps of the Horishno-Plavnivskoye deposit; to establish regularities of development of deformation processes in a dump in process of construction of each layer at dump of wastes of enrichment in funnels and to calculate a factor of a stock of stability of a dump after its formation.
Research methods. To achieve the goal of research used: the method of complex analysis – to summarize previous research on the establishment and justification of the most rational method of dumping of enrichment waste; modeling methods – to establish the possibility and feasibility of joint dumping of enrichment wests and overburden rocks from the quarry.
Scientific novelty. For the conditions of the Horishne-Plavnivsky deposit of ferrous quartzites by the method of geomechanical modeling the expediency and possibility of placement of dehydrated enrichment wastes in funnels on dump of overburden rocks is substantiated.
Conclusions and practical significance of the article. For research results the predicted behavior of a dump during all term of its use is received. The obtained values of the maximum deformations are deviated in the process of its formation by each of layer and the investigated efficiency of deformation at formation of the following layer is established. The indicator of the coefficient of safety of the stability of the corresponding deviation after its formation and building, which means that it exceeds the minimum, in accordance with current regulations (n=1,329>1,3), after it is formation with further use joint dumping of overburden rocks and enrichment wastes is possible and appropriate.
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Liu, Jian Hua, Wei Shen Zhu, and Shu Cai Li. "Numerical Analysis of 3-D FLAC on Supporting Effects of Underground Caverns Surrounding Rockmass of Xiao Lang Di Key Water Control Project." Key Engineering Materials 306-308 (March 2006): 1467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.306-308.1467.
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This present paper describes the process and methods of the numerical analysis, including yielding criterion, 3-D geometrical model, rock mass mechanical parameters, initial geostress field, method to simulate excavation process, simulation method for supporting structures. Then, the paper gives the computational results of rock deformation and stability for the large cavern group and comparisons for three cases: with no supporting structures; with bolts and shotcrete lining but no prestress-cables and with all the supporting structures of bolts, cables and lining. Finally, the paper reaches several conclusions.
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Li, Xueliang, Xiaoli Guo, and Guang Sun. "Grouting Reinforcement Mechanism and Multimodel Simulation Analysis of Longwall Goaf." Geofluids 2021 (May 23, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9943596.
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Grouting reinforcement is one of the most effective methods to enhance the stability of the goaf, and its scheme selection, hole location, and parameter determination directly affect the success or failure of goaf treatment. On the basis of discussion of the deformation mechanism and evolution law of the longwall goaf, this article comprehensively analyzed the grouting reinforcement mechanism of the goaf combined with filling theory, permeability theory, and fracturing theory and studied the physical and chemical reaction principles of two commonly used filling materials, cement-fly ash slurry and cement-clay slurry. Three grouting models have been established: whole grouting, local grouting in fracture zone, and strip grouting, and then simulated the grouting effect of the two more common methods of whole grouting and strip grouting by numerical simulation software (FLAC3D, tecplot, Surfer). Simulation analysis is carried out from the perspectives of settlement deformation, horizontal movement, vertical stress, and horizontal stress. Finally, the feasibility of grouting treatment in the goaf is verified by engineering example. The results show that a reasonable grouting scheme can effectively reduce the residual deformation of the goaf and its overlying rock and improve the poor stress state, so as to achieve the purpose of effective grouting.
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Song, Zhanping, Zhilin Cao, Junbao Wang, Shoufeng Wei, Shichun Hu, and Zelin Niu. "Optimal Analysis of Tunnel Construction Methods through Cross Passage from Subway Shaft." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5181954.
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The conversion section of the cross passage and shaft is a priority concern in the stress transformation of a tunnel structure during subway underground excavation. In the construction of Subway Line 5 in Xi'an, China, the main line in the loess layer was constructed through the cross passage from the subway shaft of the Yue Deng Pavilion–San Dian Village Station tunnel section. Numerical simulation and field measurement were adopted to study the construction stability of the cross passage and shaft under two possible construction methods: the “shaft followed by cross passage construction” method and the “cross passage parallel shaft construction” method. The results showed that the surface deformation and plastic zone of the surrounding rock are similar under the two construction methods. However, of the two, the “cross passage parallel shaft construction” method was more advantageous in controlling the structural deformation of the original shaft and the stress distribution of the horsehead structure. The field monitoring data showed that the surface settlements and the deformation of the original shaft structures meet the requirement of control standards under the “cross passage parallel shaft construction” method.
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Chen, Ke Ping, Jin Yuan Liu, and Bing Xiang Yuan. "The Pile Reinforcement Effect to the Displacement of Geotechnical Materials in the Stratified Rock Slope." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 1916–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.1916.
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Piles have been used in geotechnical engineering to stabilize slope for many years and the methodology has been accompanied by a significant bibliography. In the past, methods of analysis of pile-reinforced slopes have often used limit equilibrium methods, where rock–pile interaction was not properly considered. Recently, with rapid development of computer techniques, numerical methods using either finite element or finite difference methods have been widely applied in slope engineering, and have been shown to offer many advantages over limit equilibrium method, such as the ability to develop the critical failure surface automatically with fewer assumptions. However, seldom studies have been done on the stratified rock slope reinforced by piles, so in the present paper, the numerical simulation software FLAC3D is adopted to model the stratified rock slope, then the reinforced effect like deformation and stress of slope are studied, to give guidance for the real practice.
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Zhao, Yan, Congshan Zhang, Zengzeng Zhang, Ke Gao, Dajun Zhao, Zihang Sun, Xiaoshu Lv, Yu Zhou, and Guobing Zhai. "Experimental and Simulation Study on Breaking Rock under Coupled Static Loading and Ultrasonic Vibration." Shock and Vibration 2022 (February 5, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5536358.
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In recent years, ultrasonic vibration rock-breaking technology has aroused great interest in tunnel excavation and underground mineral. To apply this technology to practical engineering, it is necessary to compare the difference between cumulative damage and crack propagation of rock under static load and ultrahigh frequency alternating load. Numerical simulation and laboratory experimental methods were used in this paper to study the damage and fracture characteristics of rock under static loading and ultrasonic vibration. The variation laws of rock infrared temperature characteristics, porosity and compressive strength under different ultrasonic static loads were studied. The discrete element model of rock under ultrasonic vibration was established, and the numerical simulation was carried out by PFC2D software. We designed the ultrasonic rotary drilling device to verify the drilling effect. The process and mechanism of rock fragmentation under static load and ultrasonic vibration load were analyzed from the perspective of energy. Numerical simulation and experimental results showed that the combination of static load and ultrasonic vibration accelerates the failure speed of rock sample. The thermal infrared temperature characteristic test showed that the rock-breaking process under ultrasonic load and static load has three stages: stage I, elastic deformation and the temperature rises linearly; stage II, the development of microcrack and the temperature is further increased uniformly, and stage III, macrobreaking and rock chips falling off, and the temperature fluctuates sharply. There is a minimum threshold value for the promotion of static loading to break rock by ultrasonic vibration. Only when the static load is greater than 200 N, the crack propagation will occur in the rock sample. At this time, with the increase of static load, the crack propagation will further intensify, and the rock-breaking effect is more obvious. Under the same weight on bit (WOB), the penetration of rotary ultrasonic drilling can be increased by 13.93% ∼ 38.11% compared with conventional rotary drilling.
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Wang, Furong, Chengle Wu, Qiangling Yao, Xuehua Li, Shengyan Chen, Yinghu Li, Haitao Li, and Guiwei Zhu. "Instability Mechanism and Control Method of Surrounding Rock of Water-Rich Roadway Roof." Minerals 12, no. 12 (December 10, 2022): 1587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12121587.
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Surrounding rock properties and occurrence stability of a coal seam roof are prerequisites for ensuring the safe and efficient operation of mines. In this study, the mechanisms and control of weakened water-rich roadway roof slabs were investigated regarding the engineering background of water-rich roadway roof slab destabilization in a coal mine in the western Qingyang mining area. The spatial and temporal evolution law of rock deformation and damage of such roadways during excavation were determined through field measurements. First, we tested the strength of the roof slab surrounding rock in water-rich roadways with different water contents and concluded that the primary and excavation-disturbing fissures of the coal-sedimentary rock body are the external conditions for the occurrence of water–rock interaction in water-rich coal seam roadways. Moreover, the rock mechanical damage phenomenon exhibited by clay minerals in contact with water is the key factor leading to the destabilization of the water-rich roof slab’s surrounding rock. Second, a technical approach for controlling the stability of the surrounding rock by adjusting the form of the roadway section and optimizing the support parameters was proposed, and the distribution law of the surrounding rock stress field and displacement field of each section was revealed via numerical calculation. It is considered that adjustment of the stress and displacement control of the surrounding rock of the roadway is more favorable for the straight wall circular arch section. Based on the results of the sensitive orthogonal numerical simulation test, the technical parameters and scheme of the roadway support optimization were proposed. Finally, the research results were applied in the field, and the deformations of the top and bottom slab and the two ribs of the roadway after optimizing the section and support parameters were calculated as 61% and 34% lower, respectively, than those before optimization, indicating that the proposed approach can effectively control the deformation of the water-rich roadway’s surrounding rock and achieve more economic and effective stability control of this type of roadway. The research results provide new ideas and methods for controlling the surrounding rock of water-rich soft rock roadways in the western mining areas of China, which has broad application value and prospects.
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Zhang, Xiaohu, Hongjian Wang, Zhigang Tao, and Chun Zhu. "Research on the Controlling Effect of NPR Cables for Anti-Dip Slope Based on the Numerical Simulation." Shock and Vibration 2021 (November 19, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1370398.
Full textAbstract:
As the scale and depth of mines increase, large deformations of high-steep slopes progressively become prominent. Compared with the ordinary cables, negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) cables can provide a constant resistance force and high deformation inhibition during slope deformation, avoiding the occurrence of slope instability hazards. Consequently, the control effects on the toppling failures of slopes were necessary to be researched. Changshanhao open-pit gold mine was taken as an example; based on the field geological investigation and rock mechanics testing, a three-dimensional engineering geological model of open-pit mine was constructed. Subsequently, the stability of open pit in current situation and final boundary situation was estimated with FLAC3D software, for the potential slope vulnerable areas to be comprehensively identified. Finally, the control effects of ordinary cables and NPR cables on the instable W13 slope section were compared and studied through FLAC3D simulations, and the reinforcement effects of NPR cable on the anti-dip slope were proved as significant; meanwhile, the corresponding reinforcement methods in the failure mine areas were proposed, laying a reference for the instability failure control and reinforcement of similar anti-dip slopes.