Journal articles: 'Rock deformation New South Wales'

1

Rosenbaum, G., I. T. Uysal, and A. Babaahmadi. "The Red Rock Fault zone (northeast New South Wales): kinematics, timing of deformation and relationships to the New England oroclines." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 62, no. 4 (May 19, 2015): 409–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2015.1052560.

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Parr, Joanna. "The preservation of pre-metamorphic colloform banding in pyrite from the Broken Hill-type Pinnacles deposit, New South Wales, Australia." Mineralogical Magazine 58, no. 392 (September 1994): 461–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1994.058.392.11.

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AbstractTwo distinct generations of pyrite, with different morphologies, are described from the Proterozoic Broken Hill-type Pinnacles deposit in western NSW. The earlier, py1, forms concentric layers interpreted as colloform banding. Although the textures are somewhat similar to those observed in supergene alteration zones, textural relationships in fresh rocks suggest that these are pre-metamorphic and that the pyrite formed as the result of precipitation from hydrothermal fluids in open veins, vugs and fissures. The second generation, py2, post-dates py1 and forms euhedral overgrowths on it. It is interpreted as being synchronous with the main phase of base metal sulphide mineralisation. The textures reported here are previously unrecorded for Broken Hill-type mineralisation, and have implications for the regional identification of feeder zones to the Broken Hill deposit. The evidence supports a model in which mineralising conditions at the Pinnacles were characterised by slightly higher oxygen and lower sulphur fugacity (further constrained by Fe contents of sphalerite) than at Broken Hill, where pyrrhotite is the major Fe sulphide.The pre-metamorphic textures observed in the pyrite at the Pinnacles deposit are also unusual because they have survived granulite facies metamorphism and five phases of deformation, whereas previously the preservation of such textures has not been recognised at metamorphic grades greater than amphibolite facies.

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Offler, R., and E. Prendergast. "Significance of illite crystallinity and bo values of K-white mica in lowgrade metamorphic rocks, North Hill End Synclinorium, New South Wales, Australia." Mineralogical Magazine 49, no. 352 (June 1985): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1985.049.352.06.

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AbstractA study of low-grade metamorphism in late Silurian to early Carboniferous rocks in the North Hill End Synclinorium and adjacent anticlinoria has been made by the determination of illite crystallinity and bo values of K-white mica in eighty slates and phyllites. Illite crystallinity values vary from 0.40 Δ°2θ on the Molong Anticlinorium to 0.12 Δ°2θ within the axis of the synclinorium, suggesting anchizonal to epizonal metamorphic conditions. This is in agreement with previous observations on Ca-Al-hydrosilicate assemblages which indicated a change from prehnite-pumpellyite facies in the anticlinoria adjacent to the synclinorium to middle greenschist facies in the axis. Local variations in crystallinity are attributed to variation in ak+ in fluids migrating along cleavage zones.The mean bo value obtained from the pelites is 9.017 Å (σn = 0.008; n = 80) which is in close agreement with that obtained from part of the adjacent Capertee Anticlinorium (x̄ = 9.019 Å; σn = 0.007; n = 52). However, ‘t’ tests indicate that two bo populations are present in the synclinorium (x̄ = 9.019 and 9.022 Å), with the lower values concentrated in the southern portion of this structure. The two populations are considered to be the result of slightly different metamorphic conditions prevailing during the deformation of the rocks in the synclinorium. A higher geothermal gradient affecting rocks giving the lower bo values is attributed to the presence of granitoids at shallower depths than elsewhere in the synclinorium.

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Morand, V. J. "Emplacement and deformation of the Wyangala Batholith, New South Wales." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 35, no. 3 (September 1988): 339–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120098808729452.

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Montgomery, Steven S., and Geoffery W. Liggins. "Recovery of the eastern rock lobsterSagmariasus verreauxioff New South Wales, Australia." Marine Biology Research 9, no. 1 (January 2013): 104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2012.727436.

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6

KREFFT, GERARD. "5. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF ROCK-KANGAROO FROM NEW SOUTH WALES." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 33, no. 1 (July 6, 2010): 324–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1865.tb02343.x.

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7

Short, J. "The Diet of the Brush-Tailed Rock-Wallaby in New-South-Wales." Wildlife Research 16, no. 1 (1989): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9890011.

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The diet of the brush-tailed rock-wallaby, Petrogale penicillata, was studied at two sites on the central coast and tablelands of New South Wales over a 12-month period of below-average rainfall. Diet was assessed by microscopic analysis of faeces. Particles within the faeces were identified to broad categories of vegetation: grasses, sedges, forbs, parallel-veined shrubs, reticulate-veined shrubs, and ferns. Diets were similar at both sites despite considerable differences in annual average rainfall (1330 v.577mm) and vegetation. Grasses constituted 35-50% of the diet, forbs 25-40%, and browse 12-30%. Ferns and sedges were of minor importance or were absent from the diet. Preferences for particular plant categories (measured as abundance in diet divided by abundance in habitat) were greatest in summer. Parallel-veined shrubs and trees and forbs were most preferred at one site; grasses and shrubs and trees at the other. Ferns were preferred least.

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Perkins, C., M. C. Hinman, and J. L. Walshe. "Timing of mineralization and deformation, Peak Au mine, Cobar, New South Wales∗." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 41, no. 5 (October 1994): 509–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099408728161.

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9

Clegg, John, and Simon Ghantous. "Rock-paintings of exotic animals in the Sydney Basin, New South Wales, Australia." Before Farming 2003, no. 1 (January 2003): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/bfarm.2003.1.7.

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10

McCarthy, Frederick D. "Catalogue of the Aboriginal Relics of New South Wales. Part I. Rock Engravings." Mankind 3, no. 3 (February 10, 2009): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-9310.1942.tb00155.x.

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11

Sharp, Andy, Melinda Norton, Chris Havelberg, Wendy Cliff, and Adam Marks. "Population recovery of the yellow-footed rock-wallaby following fox control in New South Wales and South Australia." Wildlife Research 41, no. 7 (2014): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr14151.

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Context Introduced herbivores and carnivores have significantly altered ecosystems across Australia and have been implicated in the decline and extinction of many species, particularly in the arid and semiarid zones. The experimental confirmation of agents of decline is a fundamental step in threatened species management, allowing for an efficient allocation of resources and effective species recovery. Aims Following unsuccessful attempts to increase the abundance of yellow-footed rock-wallaby populations through concerted goat control across the southern extent of their range, the primary aim of our study was to determine whether fox predation was limiting the recovery of wallaby populations. Methods Intensive fox-control programs (1080 baiting) were initiated around wallaby subpopulations in New South Wales and South Australia. Wallaby numbers were monitored for a three-year period before and after the initiation of fox control, and ANCOVA used to examine for differences between the subpopulation’s rate of increase (r). Observational data were used to determine the demographic effects of fox predation on wallaby colonies in New South Wales. Key results Wallaby subpopulations that were treated with fox control increased significantly, while experimental control subpopulations remained at consistently low levels. Juvenile and subadult wallabies were apparent within the treated New South Wales subpopulation, but almost absent from the control subpopulation, suggesting that fox predation focussed primarily on these age classes. Conclusions Fox predation is a major limiting factor for southern wallaby populations and fox control should be the primary management action to achieve species recovery. Implications Although a significant limiting factor, the regulatory effect of fox predation was not assessed and, as such, it cannot be confirmed as being the causal factor responsible for the historic declines in wallaby abundance. The determination of whether fox predation acts in a limiting or regulatory fashion requires further experimentation, but its resolution will have significant implications for the strategic allocation of conservation resources.

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12

Stolz, A. J. "Mineralogy of the Nandewar Volcano, northeastern New South Wales, Australia." Mineralogical Magazine 50, no. 356 (June 1986): 241–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1986.050.356.07.

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AbstractThe paper discusses the mineralogy of eruptives from the Nandewar Volcano, which range in composition from hawaiite and trachyandesite to comendite via tristanite and mafic and peralkaline trachyte. Olivine, Ca-rich pyroxene, and amphibole display marked decreases in 100 Mg/(Mg + Fe) ratios in the sequence trachyandesite to comendite, reflecting variation in host rock compositions. The presence of tscher-makitic subcalcic pyroxene and aluminous bronzite megacrysts in several trachyandesites indicates that these experienced intratelluric crystallization at elevated pressures (6–8 kbar). Some titanomagnetite and plagioclase phenocrysts in trachyandesites may also be moderate pressure cognate precipitates. Groundmass pyroxenes of some trachytes and comendites are strongly acmitic. The presence or absence of coexisting alkali amphiboles and aenigmatite appears to reflect stability over a relatively broad range of fO2 conditions. Aenigmatite rims on titanomagnetite and ilmenite microphenocrysts in several peralkaline eruptives provides support for a ‘no-oxide’ field in T-fO2 space. The Fe-Ti oxide compositional data indicate that magmas spanning the spectrum trachy-andesite-comendite crystallized under conditions of decreasing T and fO2 which broadly coincided with the FMQ synthetic buffer curve. However, a voluminous group of slightly older associated rhyolites appear to have crystallized under significantly more oxidizing conditions.

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13

McCarthy, Frederick D. "Catalogue of the Aboriginal Relics of New South Wales. Part I. Rock Engravings. (Concluded.)." Mankind 3, no. 4 (February 10, 2009): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-9310.1943.tb00165.x.

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14

Dovey, L., V. Wong, and P. Bayne. "An Overview of The Status and Management of Rock-wallabies (Petrogale) In New South Wales." Australian Mammalogy 19, no. 2 (1996): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am97163.

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Two species of rock-wallabies occur in New South Wales; the Yellow-footed Rock-wallaby Petrogale xanthopus in the far west and the Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby Petrogale penicillata in the east. Both species have contracted in distribution and abundance across their former range and are threatened in NSW. The P. xanthopus population in NSW now comprises only two sub-populations. Removal of large numbers of goats, thought to be the primary threat, has not halted the wallaby's decline. Fox and cat predation is now considered the major threat. Fox control is currently being conducted. P. penicillata has undergone a dramatic and continuing decline from being common throughout south-eastern Australia to currently being extremely rare in the southern and western parts of its range and found only in isolated colonies throughout the north of its range. Predation (particularly fox, but including dog and cat), once again, is considered the major threat. A recovery program has been commenced involving the media and wider community in locating extant colonies, as well as developing and implementing Population Management Plans. This program has documented further local extinctions and extremely low numbers of individuals in colonies in the southern and western parts of the range. While no surviving colonies are known between the Shoalhaven area and the Victorian border, there remain more and larger colonies in the north of the state.

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15

Ties, P., R. D. Shaw, and G. C. Geary. "THE PETROLEUM PROSPECTIVITY OF THE CLARENCE-MORETON BASIN IN NEW SOUTH WALES." APPEA Journal 25, no. 1 (1985): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj84002.

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The Clarence-Moreton Basin covers an area of some 28 000 km2 in north-eastern New South Wales and south-eastern Queensland. The basin is relatively unexplored, with a well density in New South Wales of one per 1600 km2. Since 1980, Endeavour Resources and its co-venturers have pursued an active exploration programme which has resulted in the recognition of significant petroleum potential in the New South Wales portion of the basin.Previous studies indicated that the Upper Triassic to Lower Cretaceous Clarence-Moreton Basin sequence in general, lacked suitable reservoirs and had poor source- rock potential. While exinite rich, oil-prone source rocks were recognised in the Middle Jurassic Walloon Coal Measures, they were considered immature for oil generation. Moreover, during the 1960's the basin acquired a reputation as an area where seismic records were of poor quality.These ideas are now challenged following the results of a new round of exploration which commenced in the New South Wales portion of the basin in 1980. This exploration has involved the acquisition of over 1000 km of multifold seismic data, the reprocessing of some 200 km of existing single fold data, and the drilling of one wildcat well. Over twenty large structural leads have been identified, involving trapping mechanisms ranging from simple drape to antithetic and synthetic fault blocks associated with normal and reverse fault dependent and independent closures.The primary exploration targets in the Clarence- Moreton Basin sequence are Lower Jurassic sediments comprising a thick, porous and permeable sandstone unit in the Bundamba Group, and channel and point-bar sands in the Marburg Formation. Source rocks in these and the underlying Triassic coal measures are gas-prone and lie at maturity levels compatible with gas generation. In contrast, it was established from the results of Shannon 1 that the Walloon Coal Measures are mature for oil generation and this maturity regime is now considered to be applicable to most of the basin in New South Wales.A consideration of reservoir and source rock distribution, together with structural trends across the basin in Petroleum Exploration Licences 258 and 259, has led to the identification of three prospective fairways, two of which involve shallow oil plays. Exploration of these fairways is currently the focus of an ongoing programme of further seismic data acquisition and drilling.

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Walsh, Peter G., and Geoff S. Humphreys. "Inheritance and formation of smectite in a texture contrast soil in the Pilliga State Forests, New South Wales." Soil Research 48, no. 1 (2010): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr09059.

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Smectite genesis is generally considered to require an alkaline environment, for in acid environments it is reportedly unstable. This study shows that smectite is forming in an acid, texture-contrast soil in the Pilliga State Forests in north-western New South Wales. Three modes of smectite genesis in the study soil are presented. The first mode involves direct inheritance from the underlying parent rock. The second and third modes involve precipitation of smectite from solution and its deposition from suspension, respectively. While the bulk of the smectite in the study soil is inherited from the transformation of labile primary minerals and rock fragments in the parent rock, restricted drainage coupled with a parent material capable of supplying the elemental constituents of smectite are also important factors in its genesis.

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17

Munksgaard, Niels C. "Source of the Cooma Granodiorite, New South Wales — a possible role of fluid‐rock interactions." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 35, no. 3 (September 1988): 363–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120098808729454.

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18

Kerle, J. A., C. Kimmorley, and J. M. Old. "An inland population of the common ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus) at Black Rock Ridge, New South Wales: a preliminary ecological assessment." Australian Mammalogy 35, no. 2 (2013): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am12047.

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The common ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus) is considered abundant throughout its distribution in eastern Australia but appears to be declining at a regional level in inland New South Wales. Previous studies of the common ringtail possum in south-eastern Australia have focussed on coastal populations and little is known about the ecology of inland populations. In south-western Australia studies of the closely related western ringtail possum (Pseudocherius occidentalis) have found that coastal populations differ from inland populations, particularly in their nesting behaviour. In this preliminary study of an inland population of the common ringtail possum at Black Rock Ridge in central west New South Wales population density has been estimated and the habitat and nesting preference assessed. Up to one ringtail per hectare and 4.5 ringtails per spotlight hour were recorded. Tree hollows appeared to be the preferred nest site, with possums seen entering hollows during spotlighting and no dreys being located. Threats to common ringtail possums at Black Rock Ridge include the isolation of the remnant ridge vegetation within an extensively cleared landscape and the associated change in fire regimes. Within this landscape there has been an extensive reduction in available habitat, and an overall lack of habitat connectivity has placed ringtail possums at an increased risk of predation.

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Lunney, D., A. L. Curtin, D. Fisher, D. Ayers, and C. R. Dickman. "Ecological attributes of the threatened fauna of New South Wales." Pacific Conservation Biology 3, no. 1 (1997): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc970013.

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The aims of this study were to identify common ecological patterns among threatened fauna in New South Wales, and to identify priority areas for research and management by determining which regions and habitats contain high numbers of threatened fauna. Threatened and non-threatened fauna were taken from the listings of Lunney et al. (1996, 1997). Species were categorized into weight classes, diet groups, habitats and regions and by level of knowledge available about them. All regions and habitats of the State contain threatened species. The northeastern region of New South Wales contains the greatest number of threatened species but the western region has suffered the most extinctions, especially of mammals. Species that historically inhabited a greater number of regions are less likely to be currently threatened or to be extinct than those with restricted distributions, and large species are more likely to be threatened than smaller species. The best predictors of a threatened mammals species were seeds and vegetation in the diet, heavier body weight, and ground-dwelling, burrowing, and rock pile/cave-dwelling habits. The Critical Weight Range (35?5 500g), although strongly associated with extinction of non-volant mammals, was not the most important predictor. Lord Howe Island held the highest proportion of threatened and extinct birds. Factors showing the strongest associations for threatened birds were carnivory, large size, and distribution in the southeastern region. The most poorly-known region for birds was the north-east, and the least known habitat was shrubland (including mallee, heath and chenopod shrubland). The status of reptiles was poorly known in all regions, especially the western region. Frogs were also poorly known in all regions. Frogs were most at risk if they were large, inhabited closed forest or occurred in the central or northeastern region. The study further revealed little association between particular ecological attributes and conservation status. This indicates that there are complex and pervasive threats affecting the status of New South Wales fauna. Research and management priority status could be argued for all regions and most habitats in the State, but the western or northeastern regions may face the most problems depending on the criteria used (e.g., past extinctions, number vs proportion of threatened species). Further, the conservation status of birds, reptiles and frogs is in particular need of attention from researchers.

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Miller, J. McL, and D. R. Gray. "Subduction‐related deformation and the Narooma anticlinorium, Eastern Lachlan Fold Belt, Southeastern New South Wales." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 44, no. 2 (April 1997): 237–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099708728307.

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Johnson, S. E. "Deformation and possible origins of the Cooma Complex, southeastern Lachlan Fold Belt, New South Wales." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 46, no. 3 (June 1999): 429–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-0952.1999.00717.x.

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22

Lim, T. L., and J. R. Giles. "Studies on the yellow-footed rock-wallaby, Petrogale xanthopus Gray (Marsupialia : Macropodidae). 3. Distribution and management in western New South Wales." Wildlife Research 14, no. 2 (1987): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9870147.

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Contrary to previous literature, P. xanthopus had not been recorded in western New South Wales before its existence was reported by Fox (1966). There is only one geographically isolated population of less than 250 animals in two separate colonies in the Gap and Coturaundee Ranges, where they are confined to two cliff systems and two outcrops. Their distribution is therefore more limited than first reported by Wilson et al. (1976). They were more widespread in the past, being found also in the Barrier and Bynguano Ranges. These conclusions have been reached from data collected from: (1) a large-scale low-level aerial survey and subsequent ground inspections to record this species' presence in specific locations in north-western New South Wales; (2) a systematic detailed survey of the Gap and Coturaundee Ranges to establish its pattern of habitat use from the accumulated density of faecal pellets; (3) low-level aerial surveys over these and other areas, by helicopter, to confirm the results of earlier surveys and check on reported sightings. The results of this study are being used for the management of this rare rock-wallaby in New South Wales. It is recommend that this species be re-established in the Bynguano Range.

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23

Young, R. W., and E. A. Bryant. "Coastal rock platforms and ramps of Pleistocene and Tertiary age in Southern New South Wales, Australia." Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 37, no. 3 (October 11, 1993): 257–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zfg/37/1993/257.

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24

Mitchell, Rebecca J., Lauren Ware, and Mike R. Bambach. "The role of evidence, standards and education in rock fishing safety in New South Wales, Australia." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 38, no. 6 (August 28, 2014): 579–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12247.

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C. Pope, Lisa, Andy Sharp, and Craig Moritz. "The genetic diversity and distinctiveness of the Yellow-footed Rock-wallaby Petrogale xanthopus (Gray, 1854) in New South Wales." Pacific Conservation Biology 4, no. 2 (1998): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc980164.

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Yellow-footed Rock-wallabies (YFRW) Petrogale xanthopus have declined in numbers since European settlement from past hunting for skins, habitat disturbance and predation and competition with feral animals (Gordon et al. 1978, 1993; Copley 1983; Henzell 1990). This has led to the species being classed as potentially vulnerable to extinction in Australia (Kennedy 1992), and endangered in New South Wales (Schedule 1, Threatened Species Conservation Act, 1995).

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Hood, D. I. A., and D. W. Durney. "Sequence and kinematics of multiple deformation around Taemas Bridge, Eastern Lachlan Fold Belt, New South Wales." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 49, no. 2 (April 2002): 291–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-0952.2002.00916.x.

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PHILLIPS, EMRYS. "Progressive deformation of the South Stack and New Harbour Groups, Holy Island, western Anglesey, North Wales." Journal of the Geological Society 148, no. 6 (November 1991): 1091–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.148.6.1091.

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Bean, J. M., and R. D. B. Whalley. "Native grasslands on non-arable slopes of the Garrawillie Creek sub-catchment, Western Liverpool Plains, New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 23, no. 2 (2001): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj01001.

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NSW Government vegetation legislation over the past five years has highlighted the need for a deeper understanding of native grasslands in NSW. The present study looked at such native grasslands on non-arable slopes in the Garrawillie Creek sub-catchment at the western margin of the Liverpool Plains. Sixteen sampling sites were selected on two contrasting rock types and aspects. Species composition and frequency scores were determined at each site using eight concentric nested subquadrats. Cluster analysis revealed seven grassland associations, each designated by a distinctive native grass species. Associated prominent grass species and forbs with 100% fidelity were listed for each grassland association. Within any one association there was a range in condition of the grassland, measured according to the number of perennials + natives relative to the number of annuals + exotics at any individual site. The seven grassland associations were interpreted as states in a state and transition model, in which rock type, aspect and possibly microtopography were important factors determining the states. With some but not all states, management overrode the underlying factors such that transitions occurred across rock type and aspect boundaries. The Sporobulus creber and Eriochloa pseudoacrotricha grasslands were restricted to lighter textured soils on scree slopes of the phonolite lava domes. On the heavy textured soils of the basaltic rocks of the Garrawilla Volcanics, the Bothriochloa spp. grassland maintained a characteristic high level of perennials, even where located within a few metres of land cultivated for at least 30 years. In contrast the Austrostipa aristiglumis grassland, found at lower altitudes on heavy textured soils, displayed low inertia and stability with natives:exotics and perennials:annuals ratios, at the site sampled, close to 1:1. The Eriochloa pseudoacrotricha and Aristida ramosa grasslands were limited to NW slopes.

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Korzeniowski, Waldemar, Krzysztof Skrzypkowski, and Łukasz Herezy. "Laboratory Method for Evaluating the Characteristics of Expansion Rock Bolts Subjected to Axial Tension / Laboratoryjna Metoda Badania Charakterystyk Kotew Rozprężnych Poddanych Rozciąganiu Osiowemu." Archives of Mining Sciences 60, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amsc-2015-0014.

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Abstract Rock bolts have long been used in Poland, above all in the ore mining. Worldwide experience (Australia, Chile, Canada, South Africa, Sweden, and USA) provides evidence of rock bolt supports being used for loads under both static and dynamic conditions. There are new construction designs dedicated to the more extreme operating conditions, particularly in mining but also in tunneling. Appreciating the role and significance of the rock bolt support and its use in Polish conditions amounting to millions of units per year, this article describes a new laboratory test facility which enables rock bolt testing under static load conditions. Measuring equipment used as well as the possibilities of the test facility were characterized. Tests were conducted on expansion rock bolt supports installed inside a block simulating rock mass with compression strength of 80 MPa, which was loaded statically as determined by taking account of the load in order to maintain the desired axial tension, which was statically burdened in accordance with determined program load taking into consideration the maintenance of set axial tension strength at specified time intervals until capacity was exceeded. As an experiment the stress-strain characteristics of the rock bolt support were removed showing detailed dependence between its geometrical parameters as well as actual rock bolt deformation and its percentage share in total displacement and deformation resulting from the deformation of the bolt support elements (washer, thread). Two characteristic exchange parts with varying intensity of deformation /displacement per unit were highlighted with an increase in axial force static rock bolt supports installed in the rock mass.

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Batley, GE, C. Fuhua, CI Brockbank, and KJ Flegg. "Accumulation of Tributyltin by the Sydney Rock Oyster, Saccostrea commercialis." Marine and Freshwater Research 40, no. 1 (1989): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9890049.

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Tributyltin (TBT) concentrations have been measured in the tissue of the Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea commercialis sampled from estuaries in New South Wales, Australia. Background TBT levels of below 2 ng Sn g-1 contrasted with values between 80 and 130 ng Sn g-1 in oysters exposed to high boat densities or poor tidal flushing. Shell deformities and reduced tissue weights were associated with all samples displaying elevated TBT levels. Specimens of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, growing on the same racks displayed 2-3 times the TBT concentrations of S. commercialis.

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Tuft, Katherine D., Mathew S. Crowther, and Clare McArthur. "Multiple scales of diet selection by brush-tailed rock-wallabies (Petrogale penicillata)." Australian Mammalogy 33, no. 2 (2011): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am10041.

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Detailed data on diet and diet selection helps to predict how species will respond to changes in their environment. We measured the diet of brush-tailed rock-wallabies (Petrogale penicillata) using microscopic examination of plant cuticle fragments in faeces over two years from three populations across New South Wales: Warrumbungles in the central west, Curracabundi in the New England Tablelands, and Kangaroo Valley south of Sydney. Diet was analysed at the level of plant functional groups for all three populations, then in more detail at the plant species level in the Warrumbungles. Diet selection was measured by comparing diets with vegetation biomass. Across all three populations, rock-wallaby diet comprised 10–40% grass, 30–50% browse, 12–45% forbs and minor quantities of orchid/lilies and sedges. Rock-wallabies selected food resources on multiple scales by combining a generalist feeding strategy at the broad spatial scale (across populations) with a more specialist strategy for particular plant species at the fine spatial scale (within one population).

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Packham, G. H. "Discussion Sequence and kinematics of multiple deformation around Taemas Bridge, Eastern Lachlan Fold Belt, New South Wales." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 50, no. 5 (October 2003): 827–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-0952.2003.01025.x.

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33

Sharp, A., M. Norton, and A. Marks. "Demography of a yellow-footed rock-wallaby Petrogale xanthopus colony in the threatened New South Wales sub-population." Australian Mammalogy 28, no. 2 (2006): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am06030.

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The remnant New South Wales (NSW) yellow-footed rock-wallaby (Petrogale xanthopus) population underwent a substantial decline between 1985 and 1992 and remained at dangerously low levels until 1995. To determine the processes underlying this decline, a population study was conducted at one colony, between winter 1995 and winter 1998. The colony was observed to remain relatively constant in size, consisting of between 12 or 13 individuals throughout the study. Reproductive rates were found to be relatively high. Both reproduction and pouch young survival were comparable with those reported for other P. xanthopus colonies, while adult survival rates were higher than those noted in other studies. Because population size remained constant during the study and adult survivorship was consistently high, this suggested that juvenile recruitment into the colony was low. Such low levels of recruitment may have had a substantive role in the slow decline of the entire NSW P. xanthopus population. The results of this study suggest that any management actions undertaken in the NSW P. xanthopus population should focus on increasing juvenile survival rates. Further research is required to determine whether juvenile survival is constrained by predation or competition with other herbivores.

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Farrell, Hazel, Penelope Ajani, Shauna Murray, Phil Baker, Grant Webster, Steve Brett, and Anthony Zammit. "Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxin Monitoring in Commercial Wild Harvest Bivalve Shellfish in New South Wales, Australia." Toxins 10, no. 11 (October 30, 2018): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins10110446.

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An end-product market survey on biotoxins in commercial wild harvest shellfish (Plebidonax deltoides, Katelysia spp., Anadara granosa, Notocallista kingii) during three harvest seasons (2015–2017) from the coast of New South Wales, Australia found 99.38% of samples were within regulatory limits. Diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs) were present in 34.27% of 321 samples but only in pipis (P. deltoides), with two samples above the regulatory limit. Comparison of these market survey data to samples (phytoplankton in water and biotoxins in shellfish tissue) collected during the same period at wild harvest beaches demonstrated that, while elevated concentrations of Dinophysis were detected, a lag in detecting bloom events on two occasions meant that wild harvest shellfish with DSTs above the regulatory limit entered the marketplace. Concurrently, data (phytoplankton and biotoxin) from Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea glomerata) harvest areas in estuaries adjacent to wild harvest beaches impacted by DSTs frequently showed elevated Dinophysis concentrations, but DSTs were not detected in oyster samples. These results highlighted a need for distinct management strategies for different shellfish species, particularly during Dinophysis bloom events. DSTs above the regulatory limit in pipis sampled from the marketplace suggested there is merit in looking at options to strengthen the current wild harvest biotoxin management strategies.

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Sharp, A., and M. Norton. "Dynamics of the new south wales yellow-footed rockwallaby population, in relation to rainfall patterns." Australian Mammalogy 22, no. 1 (2000): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am00071.

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Yellow-footed rock-wallabies (Petrogale xanthopus) are listed as endangered in New South Wales (NSW). Annual helicopter surveys have been conducted, during winter, on the NSW population since 1980. Correlation analysis suggested that the exponential rate of increase (r) of the population was positively related to rainfall in the previous calender year. Ivlev's inverted exponential numerical response model was found to adequately represent the relationship between r and rainfall, though the fit was poor (R2 = 0.43). Examination of the fit of the numerical response model and the predictions for the consonants used in the model suggested that the lower end of the function was better approximated than the upper end. The predicted values for the maximum rate of decrease and the level of rainfall at which r would became positive could be intuitively explained given aspects of the wallabies' ecology. However, the estimated maximum rate of increase was far below theoretically predicted values, which suggested that the expected positive correlation between rainfall and recruitment was weak. This suggested that the NSW P. xanthopus population was not primarily regulated by absolute resource availability during the period of the study. Possible intrinsic and extrinsic factors that detrimentally influenced the population are proposed.

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Oberti, Roberta, Massimo Boiocchi, Frank C. Hawthorne, Neil A. Ball, and Paul M. Ashley. "Oxo-mangani-leakeite from the Hoskins mine, New South Wales, Australia: occurrence and mineral description." Mineralogical Magazine 80, no. 6 (October 2016): 1013–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2016.080.037.

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AbstractOxo-mangano-leakeite, a newly approved end-member of the amphibole supergroup (IMA-CNMNC 20150-35), has been found in a rock containing manganese silicate and oxide at the Hoskins Mine, a Mn deposit 3 km west of Grenfell, New South Wales. The end-member formula of oxo-mangani-leakeite is ANaBNa2C(Mn3+4Li)TSi8 O22WO2, which would require SiO2 53.15, Mn2O3 34.91, Li2O 1.66, Na2O 10.28, total 100.00 wt.%. The empirical formula derived for the sample of this work from electron and ion microprobe analysis using constraints resulting from single-crystal structure refinement is A(Na0.65K0.36)∑ = 1.01B(Na1.94Ca0.06)∑ = 2.00C(Mg1.60Zn0.01 Li0.58)∑ = 5.01T(Si7.98Al0.02)∑ = 8.00O22W(O1.34OH0.66)∑ = 2.00. Oxo-mangano-leakeite is biaxial (–), with α = 1.681, β = 1.712, γ = 1.738, all ± 0.002, and 2V (meas.) = 81.0(4)°, 2V (calc.) = 83.5°. The unit-cell dimensions are a = 9.875(5), b = 17.873(9), c = 5.295(2) Å, β = 104.74(3)°, V = 903.8 (7) Å3; the space group is C2/m, with Z = 2. The strongest ten reflections in the powder X-ray pattern [d values (in Å), I, (hkl)] are: 8.423, 100, (110); 3.377, 46, (131); 4.461, 40, (040); 4.451, 40, (021); 3.134, 37, (); 2.694, 37, (151); 2.282, 27, (); 2.734, 25, (3̅31); 2.575, 24, (061); 2.331, 24, [() ()]. The holotype material is deposited in the Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, under the catalogue number CMNMC 86895.

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Kawachi, Y., P. M. Ashley, D. Vince, and M. Goodwin. "Sugilite in manganese silicate rocks from the Hoskins mine and Woods mine, New South Wales, Australia." Mineralogical Magazine 58, no. 393 (December 1994): 671–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1994.058.393.18.

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AbstractSugilite relatively rich in manganese has been found at two new localities, the Hoskins and Woods mines in New South Wales, Australia. The occurrences are in manganese-rich silicate rocks of middle to upper greenschist facies (Hoskins mine) and hornblende hornfels facies (Woods mine). Coexisting minerals are members of the namansilite-aegirine and pectolite-serandite series, Mn-rich alkali amphiboles, alkali feldspar, braunite, rhodonite, tephroite, albite, microcline, norrishite, witherite, manganoan calcite, quartz, and several unidentified minerals. Woods mine sugilite is colour-zoned with pale mauve cores and colourless rims, whereas Hoskins mine sugilite is only weakly colour-zoned and pink to mauve. Within single samples, the chemical compositions of sugilite from both localities show wide ranges in Al contents and less variable ranges of Fe and Mn, similar to trends in sugilite from other localities. The refractive indices and cell dimensions tend to show systematic increases progressing from Al-rich to Fe-Mn-rich. The formation of the sugilite is controlled by the high alkali (especially Li) and manganese contents of the country rock, reflected in the occurrences of coexisting high alkali- and manganese-bearing minerals, and by high fo2 conditions.

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Ng, Alex Hay-Man, Linlin Ge, Kui Zhang, Hsing-Chung Chang, Xiaojing Li, Chris Rizos, and Makoto Omura. "Deformation mapping in three dimensions for underground mining using InSAR – Southern highland coalfield in New South Wales, Australia." International Journal of Remote Sensing 32, no. 22 (July 29, 2011): 7227–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2010.519741.

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Wang, Shu Ren, Paul Hagan, and Yan Cheng. "Fractal Characteristics of Sandstone Cutting Fracture under Mechanical Shock Loading Conditions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 226-228 (November 2012): 1789–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.226-228.1789.

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It is the key to guide rock-breaking design and engineering practice for how to obtain a reasonable test indicator to assess the cuttability of the rock. Some sandstone samples were tested by using the linear rock cutting machine in the school of mining engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Australia. The curves characteristics for the weight percent of the broken debris with the mesh size distribution were obtained through the screening statistics. Furthermore, the fractal dimension of the specimen broken debris was derived through theoretical calculations and statistical analysis. The results showed that the rock cutting fragmentation is of significant fractal features under the mechanical shock loads. The broken debris fractal dimension of the structural integrity specimens is bigger, the range of the fractal dimension is smaller and the broken debris size distribution is more even than that of the poor structural integrity specimens. The fractal dimension is the ideal test indicator to assess and analysis the rock-breaking degree.

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Shelly, Darren. "A 1990-91 survey of the Brush-tailed Rock-wallabyPetrogale penicillatain the Wanurnbungle National Park Coonabarabran, New South Wales." Australian Zoologist 29, no. 1-2 (August 1993): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/az.1993.007.

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41

Lunney, D., B. Law, and C. Rummery. "An Ecological Interpretation of The Historical Decline of The Brush-Tailed Rock-Wallaby Petrogale penicillata in New South Wales." Australian Mammalogy 19, no. 2 (1996): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am97281.

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Widely based historical research was conducted in an attempt to construct a timetable of the decline in the abundance of the Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby Petrogale penicillata in New South Wales. The discovery of 24 new locality records extended its historical range to the coast and provided greater continuity in its distribution than previously recorded. Historical references indicate that P. penicillata was abundant last century but it had declined in most districts by 1915. Protection was declared in 1908 at Bombala and Cooma, in 1912 at Braidwood and in 1913 at Picton and Hartley. Intense hunting pressure on P. penicillata, which resulted in some local extinctions, generally preceded and overlapped with its decline. Hunting for bounties was largely replaced by hunting for the commercial fur trade, which continued until at least 1927. At least 144,000 P. penicillata skins were sold in the 1890s, when their price was lowest. The fox Vulpes vulpes arrived well after the onset of the period of prolonged and sustained hunting pressure, but was in some areas from 7-16 years before P. penicillata was officially declared protected for that area. The time interval between the year when 100+ fox bounties were first paid in the district to the year when P. penicillata was locally protected varied from 5-10 years. Both of these periods of overlap are likely to be overestimates. This paper identifies the extent and relevance of commercially driven hunting to the early and steep decline of P. penicillata in NSW. Concurrent arrival of rabbits, together with the fox and possibly goats, is likely to have contributed to the decline and suppression of P. penicillata populations.

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Lavin, Owen P., and Ian Nichol. "Applications of some statistical techniques to weathered rock geochemical data from the Broken Hill area, New South Wales, Australia." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 40, no. 1-3 (August 1991): 427–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(91)90051-u.

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Glen, R. A., and J. J. Watkins. "Implications of Middle Devonian deformation of the eastern part of the Hill End Trough, Lachlan Orogen, New South Wales." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 46, no. 1 (February 1999): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-0952.1999.00687.x.

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GORDON, DENNIS P. "New Hippothoidae (Bryozoa) from Australasia." Zootaxa 4750, no. 4 (March 13, 2020): 451–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4750.4.1.

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The diversity of Hippothoidae (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) in New Zealand is increased from 12 named species to 17 and the number of genera from three to five. New species are recognised in the genera Antarctothoa, Hippothoa, Jessethoa n. gen. and Neothoa (newly discovered in New Zealand waters). A new species of Plesiothoa from New South Wales is also described. Collectively, the new taxa encrust a range of substrata (a catenicellid bryozoan, brown and red macroalgae, rock and mollusc shell). The status of two existing species is changed—Hippothoa divaricata pacifica Gordon, 1984 is raised to full species, and Hippothoa watersi Morris, 1980 is used for putative Hippothoa flagellum in New Zealand. New data are given for these species and Hippothoa peristomata Gordon, 1984, and little-known Antarctothoa buskiana (Hutton, 1873) and Antarctothoa cancer (Hutton, 1873) are illustrated by scanning electron microscopy for the first time.

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Lampert, Ronald J., and D. H. Steele. "Archaeological studies at Bomaderry Creek, New South Wales. In F.D. McCarthy, Commemorative Papers (Archaeology, Anthropology, Rock Art), ed. Jim Specht." Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 17 (May 27, 1993): 55–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0812-7387.17.1993.59.

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Montgomery, S. S., and J. R. Craig. "Distribution and abundance of recruits of the eastern rock lobster (Jasus verreauxi) along the coast of New South Wales, Australia." New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 39, no. 3 (June 2005): 619–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2005.9517340.

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Eldridge, M. D. B., J. N. Bell, and V. Wong. "Confirmation of The Continued Existence of The Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby Petrogalep penicillata In The Warrumbungles, Western New South Wales." Australian Mammalogy 20, no. 1 (1998): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am97111.

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Eldridge, M. D. B. "Restriction Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA from the Yellow-footed Rock-wallaby, Petrogale xanthopus: Implications for Management." Wildlife Research 24, no. 3 (1997): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr96045.

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The extent of mitochondrial DNA divergence between populations of the vulnerable yellow-footed rock- wallaby, Petrogale xanthopus, was assessed by restriction analysis. Of the 15 restriction endonucleases, five were informative, with a single unique haplotype identified in P. x. celeris from Queensland (Qld) (n = 8) and a further two unique haplotypes in three sampled populations of P. x. xanthopus from New South Wales (NSW) (n = 1) and South Australia (SA) (n = 9). The two subspecies of P. xanthopus were found to be genetically distinct (average sequence divergence = 0·72%). As this divergence is greater than that found between some Petrogale species, it is recommended that populations of P. x. xanthopus and P. x. celeris be managed independently both in captivity and the wild. The NSW population of P. x. xanthopus appears genetically similar to those in SA, although these data are limited.

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Soderquist, Todd. "What we don't know and haven't learned about cost - benefit prioritisation of rock-wallaby management." Australian Mammalogy 33, no. 2 (2011): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am10053.

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Research and translocations of brush-tailed rock-wallabies (Petrogale penicillata) in New South Wales have, in conjunction with studies in Victoria and Queensland, provided extensive insights yet also document the high variability in the species’ response to management. Nonetheless, experts are being asked to quantify predicted response for cost–benefit prioritisation models that will rank threatened species and populations worthy of future funding, with little consideration of the basic principles behind adaptive management. The weaknesses of these prioritisation models must be evaluated carefully by experts in order that appropriate advice is provided which genuinely assists decision-making. I explore the questions facing rock-wallaby ecologists as a case study of how much more we need to know and learn within adaptive approaches to conservation before our predictions are robust.

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Vernes, Karl, Stuart Green, and Piers Thomas. "Estimating brush-tailed rock-wallaby population size using individual animal recognition." Australian Mammalogy 33, no. 2 (2011): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am11005.

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We undertook surveys of brush-tailed rock-wallabies (Petrogale penicillata) at four colonies in Oxley Wild Rivers National Park, north-eastern New South Wales, with the aim of developing a technique based upon individual animal recognition that could be used to obtain robust population estimates for rock-wallaby colonies. We identified individuals on the basis of distinct morphological characters in each colony using visual observations, and used the data within a ‘mark–recapture’ (or sight–resight) framework to estimate population size. More than 37 h of observations were made over 10 sampling days between 18 May and 9 June 2010. We could identify 91.7% of all rock-wallabies that were independently sighted (143 of 156 sightings of 35 animals). A small percentage of animals could not be identified during a visit because they were seen only fleetingly, were in dense cover, or were partly obscured by rock. The number of new animals sighted and photographed declined sharply at the midpoint of the survey, and there was a corresponding increase in resighting of known individuals. Population estimates using the mark–recapture methodology were nearly identical to estimates of total animals seen, suggesting that this method was successful in obtaining a complete census of rock-wallabies in each colony.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Rock deformation New South Wales'

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