Relevant bibliographies by topics / Rock deformation

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Rock deformation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Rock deformation"

1

Fan, Jinyan, Zhibiao Guo, Xiaobing Qiao, Zhigang Tao, Fengnian Wang, and Chunshun Zhang. "Constant Resistance and Yielding Support Technology for Large Deformations of Surrounding Rocks in the Minxian Tunnel." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (September 28, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8850686.

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During the excavation of the Minxian tunnel, problems of large deformations of surrounding rocks and failure of support structures appeared frequently, which caused serious influences on construction safety and costs of the tunnel. Based on laboratory analysis of mineral composition and field investigations on deformation characteristics of the surrounding rocks, the large deformation mechanism of surrounding rocks of the tunnel was considered as water-absorbing swelling molecules of carbonaceous slate and stress-induced asymmetric structural deformations of the surrounding rocks. The structural deformations of surrounding rocks mainly include bending deformation, interlayer sliding, and crushing failure of local rock blocks. Then, a new constant resistance and yielding support technology based on the constant resistance and large deformation (CRLD) anchor cable was proposed to control large deformations of surrounding rocks. The field tests and deformation monitoring were carried out. The monitoring results showed that compared with original support measure, the surrounding rock deformations, stresses of primary supports, and permanent lining using new support technology decreased greatly. Among them, the maximum deformation of surrounding rock was only 73 mm. The effects of field application and results of deformation monitoring showed that the new support technology can effectively control large deformations of the surrounding rocks in the Minxian tunnel.
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Chaturvedi, Lakshmi S., Harold M. Marsh, and Marc D. Basson. "Role of RhoA and its effectors ROCK and mDia1 in the modulation of deformation-induced FAK, ERK, p38, and MLC motogenic signals in human Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 301, no. 5 (November 2011): C1224—C1238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00518.2010.

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Repetitive deformation enhances intestinal epithelial migration across tissue fibronectin. We evaluated the contribution of RhoA and its effectors Rho-associated kinase (ROK/ROCK) and mammalian diaphanous formins (mDia1) to deformation-induced intestinal epithelial motility across fibronectin and the responsible focal adhesion kinase (FAK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, and myosin light chain (MLC) signaling. We reduced RhoA, ROCK1, ROCK2, and mDia1 by smart-pool double-stranded short-interfering RNAs (siRNA) and pharmacologically inhibited RhoA, ROCK, and FAK in human Caco-2 intestinal epithelial monolayers on fibronectin-coated membranes subjected to 10% repetitive deformation at 10 cycles/min. Migration was measured by wound closure. Stimulation of migration by deformation was prevented by exoenzyme C3, Y27632, or selective RhoA, ROCK1, and ROCK2 or mDia1 siRNAs. RhoA, ROCK inhibition, or RhoA, ROCK1, ROCK2, mDia1, and FAK reduction by siRNA blocked deformation-induced nuclear ERK phosphorylation without preventing ERK phosphorylation in the cytoplasmic protein fraction. Furthermore, RhoA, ROCK inhibition or RhoA, ROCK1, ROCK2, and mDia1 reduction by siRNA also blocked strain-induced FAK-Tyr925, p38, and MLC phosphorylation. These results suggest that RhoA, ROCK, mDia1, FAK, ERK, p38, and MLC all mediate the stimulation of intestinal epithelial migration by repetitive deformation. This pathway may be an important target for interventions to promote mechanotransduced mucosal healing during inflammation.
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Usanov, S. V., Yu P. Konovalova, E. Yu Efremov, О. D. Kharisova, and А. V. Usanova. "Unexpected deformation processes in the rock mass in surface mining: Emergence factors and prevention capabilities." Mining Industry Journal (Gornay Promishlennost), no. 1S/2022 (March 16, 2022): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1s-111-118.

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Unexpected abnormal deformation processes in rock masses lead to disruptions in the operation of mining facilities and endanger human life and health. The studies show that physiographic conditions, physical and mechanical properties of rocks, features of structural and tectonic structure of the rock mass can influence the unexpected character of the deformation phenomena. One of the important parameters that determines the development of catastrophic deformation processes is the geodynamic activity of the rock mass, which forms its stress state. The purpose of the research is to develop methodological approaches to identification of potentially hazardous areas in the rock mass. To do this, experimental studies were carried out in a mine where unexpected abnormal deformations took place, and the role of influencing factors was analyzed. Experiments were performed using geological, geophysical and geodetic methods. As the result of the study, it was established that unexpected emergency deformation processes develop in areas where the maximum number of complicating factors is concentrated. A rating evaluation of the area of surface development has been developed based on a combination of factors affecting the stability of the rock mass. The developed approaches make it possible to diagnose the rock mass and identify areas where geomechanical processes develop according to special parameters. Area zoning can be the basis for the development of automated monitoring system of rock mass deformations to prevent unexpected emergency events.
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Wang, Ru Bin, Wei Ya Xu, and Jiu Chang Zhang. "Modeling Coupled Flow-Stress-Damage during Creep Deformation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 3294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.3294.

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In order to reflect the tertiary rheological characteristics of hard rocks at the high stress states, a new nonlinear visco-elastic-plastic model is proposed on the basis of linear visco-elastic-plastic model and nonlinear visco-elastic-plasticity. And then the corresponding constitutive model are deduced, which can be used for describing rocks’ long-term strength characteristics and their creep deformational behavior and time-dependent damage under interaction of coupled seepage-stress field in rock engineering. At last, considering the time effect of rock damage in the process of tertiary creep, a coupled seepage -stress creep damage model for investigating the whole creep deformation behavior, including tertiary creep failure process is established, and the related equations governing the evolution of stress, creep damage and rock permeability along with the creep deformation of rock is introduced.
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Muñiz-Menéndez, Mauro, and Ignacio Pérez-Rey. "Intact rock deformation bimodularity: an experimental study." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1124, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1124/1/012041.

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Abstract Rock deformability under tensile stresses plays an important role in different scenarios like, e.g., in the mechanical behaviour of roofs in underground openings, hydraulic fracturing, dilatometer tests performed in massive rock masses or in tensile strength tests. Different authors have proved that the tensile deformation modulus of the intact rock can be significantly different than that obtained under compressive load, being this so-called ‘bimodularity’ often ignored. In this work, we present preliminary results from uniaxial compressive and tensile strength tests carried out in three rocks with a testing apparatus recently modified to be able to perform both types of tests. Experimental results show that the deformational behaviour of the rocks studied is dependent on the type of load applied. The present work aims at contributing to a better understanding of the deformational behaviour of rocks, in particular when subjected to uniaxial tensile loads as well as in dealing with future updates of existing test methodologies.
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Guzev, Mikhail, and Vladimir Makarov. "Investigation of Deformation of Rock Samples." Key Engineering Materials 744 (July 2017): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.744.61.

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Deformation of rock samples compressed up to failure has been studied in laboratory. A system of trustworthy deformational precursors of the failure stage has been developed. The system includes long-term, middle-term and short-term precursors, which correspond to the threshold of dilatancy, change of the specific volume deformation, and jump of the specific volume deformation increments, respectively. Proposed methods of the complex research include deformation and mathematical methods. The mathematical model of deformation in samples of rocks at uniaxial compression is founded on hypothesis of self-equilibrium stresses. The model had been successfully used for description of oscillating deformation. Good coincidence between the experimental and theoretical results has been observed.
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Shashenko, Oleksandr, Vladyslava Cherednyk, Natalia Khoziaikina, and Dmitro Shashenko. "PHYSICAL PREREQUISITES FOR GAS PERMEABILITY SIMULATION OF MINED ROCK MASS." JOURNAL of Donetsk Mining Institute, no. 2 (2021): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/1999-981x-2021-2-78-84.

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Purpose. Justification of the gas collectors formation physical model on the basis of research of conformity of permeability of rock mass to the full diagram of rock sample deformation. Methodology consists in sequential analysis of the stages of the complete deformation diagram of the rock specimen under “hard” loading, comparing them with the stages of formation of the high stress zone in front of the lava bottom and statistical analysis of laboratory test results. Results. Based on the rock’s deformation properties analysis and their comparison with the rock sample full deformation diagram, the physical model of formation of gas reservoirs during the development of gas-saturated coal seam is substantiated. Within the solved problem framework, four stages of the complete deformation process are analyzed, namely: elastic, at the limit of strength, out-of-bounds stage and equivoluminal flow zone. The gas collector boundaries, which are the characteristic points of the rock sample deformation diagram in specified deformations mode (the limit of elastic strength and the limit of final strength) are determined. It is proved that the structural and textural features of the coal mass in connection with the course of gas-dynamic processes are manifested in the change in the pores and cracks volume contained in it, which together make the filtration space. Knowledge regarding the transfer of the permeability changes established regularities and free methane accumulation zones formation to the real rock mass, if the process of its forgery is considered as a consistent change of geomechanical states of rocks, is obtained. Scientific novelty lies in the first substantiated possibility of modeling the stress state before the longwall face by equivalent stages of the rock sample destruction in the given deformations mode. Gradual comparative analysis of the internal mechanism of rock samples deformation along the complete deformation diagram allowed establishing causal relationships between geomechanical and gas-dynamic processes in coal mass, and qualitatively characterizing general trends in permeability and volumetric expansion in changes of these samples. Practical value of the work lies in the justification of the principle of construction of a digital geomechanical model for the detection of man-made gas collectors in a mined coal mass.
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Xiaoxiong, Guo, Wang Ning, Xu Xueliang, and Ye Zihui. "Analysis of Extent of Deformation Range and Failure Characteristics of Rocks Surrounding a Tunnel Crossing Fault Zone Based on FDEM." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (August 10, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9643584.

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The combined finite-discrete element method (FDEM) and laboratory test were selected to study the extent of deformation range and time-dependent deformation of surrounding rock during tunnel excavation without support in a fault-crossing tunnel project. FDEM was found to accurately reflect the deformation and failure characteristics of different surrounding rocks during stress release, including conjugate shear and extrusion. Analysis of the results showed that the disturbance range of surrounding rocks could reach 1.5 to 2.5 times the tunnel diameter when crossing the fault zone. The rock surrounding the tunnel was found to incur significant conjugate shear deformation and extrusion deformation: conjugate shear deformation was identified as dominant in the deep rock mass, whereas extrusion deformation prevailed in the rock mass near the cave wall. The conjugate shear distribution was represented as a spiral line of deformation circling around the tunnel section, with an elliptical main deformation zone with its long axis parallel to the fault plane. Compared with the findings when crossing the intact rock mass, the deformation of the surrounding rocks when crossing the fault zone was characterized by rapid development, deep expansion area, and large deformation. The study conclusions were that supporting bolts and steel arches should be implemented timely when excavating fault zones and that both lithology and optimal construction timing were essential considerations in determining the length of the supporting bolts.
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Fang, You Ling. "An Experimental Study on Destructive Nature of Seam Roof Strata with Horizontal Bedding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 3869–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.3869.

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Subjected to external forces, the structure surface between rocks (ie, bedding planes) should be deformed under external force. If the two side walls of the rock bedding plane has perfectly flat smooth surface, after the composite layered rock subjected to force, bedding plane can be closed as surface contact manner. However, the rock bedding plane side walls generally showed local contact state in the nature, the rock layers of bedding planes will produce compressive deformation under stress. Through complete stress - strain triaxial loading experimental study on the effects of the presence of horizontal bedding on layered composite rock strength and deformation, and the elastic deformation of layered rocks are calculated using elastic mechanics, the result shows that due to the presence of irregular bedding plane, the presence of horizontal bedding formation will reduce the overall strength, and increase the overall rock deformation.
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Feng, Xiaojun, Zeng Ding, Qinjing Hu, Xue Zhao, Muhammad Ali, and Jefferson T. Banquando. "Orthogonal Numerical Analysis of Deformation and Failure Characteristics of Deep Roadway in Coal Mines: A Case Study." Minerals 12, no. 2 (January 30, 2022): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12020185.

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With the development of deep, underground coal mines in China, the failure mechanism of the rocks surrounding roadways is becoming increasingly complicated and the deformational control is also significantly difficult. In this study, based on the temporal and spatial deformational distribution of the deep roadway area in the 2233 working face of Fuxin Hengda Coal Mine, factors affecting the deformation and failure mechanism of deep-buried roadways, such as cohesion (c), tensile strength (σt), internal friction angle (φ), vertical ground stress (p), and the horizontal-to-vertical stress ratio (λ), were analyzed using orthogonal numerical experiments. The stress and electromagnetic radiation monitoring data were used to locate areas of highly concentrated deformation in the roadway and surrounding rocks. The results show that the order of the degree of influence of the surrounding rock and geometric parameters on the deformation of the deep-buried roadway is φ > p > σt > λ > c. The vertical stress of the roof and the horizontal stress of the two sides are negatively correlated with the tensile strength and horizontal-to-vertical stress ratio, respectively, and mainly shear failure occurs in the area. The higher the level of the surrounding rock, the more serious is the deterioration and deformation. The electromagnetic radiation reflects the distribution range of the high-stress concentration area and strength deterioration area. The test results accurately describe the deformation–deterioration-failure laws of rock surrounding deep-buried roadways influenced by different factors. The results are of great significance for analyzing the deformation and failure characteristics of rocks surrounding roadways, preventing rockburst, and supporting the parameter optimization of roadways.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rock deformation"

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Student, James John. "The Box Ankle and Ocmulgee shear zones of central Georgia: a study of geochemical response to Southern Appalachian deformation events." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09192009-040411/.

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Dorner, Dorothée. "Indentation methods in experimental rock deformation." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=970154216.

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Dewhurst, David Neil. "Noble gas behaviour during rock deformation." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 1991. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315589.

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Holyoke, Caleb W. "Strain weakening in crustal and upper mantle lithologies : processes and consequences /." View online version; access limited to Brown University users, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3174620.

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Van, Alst Laura Jane. "Laboratory Experiments in Cold Temperature Rock Deformation." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12191.

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ix, 44 p. : ill. (some col.)
The physical weathering of rock in cryogenic regions through a process called ice segregation is important for understanding subglacial processes, landscape evolution and cold region engineering. Ice segregation was examined by freezing water-saturated cores of Eugene Formation sandstone at temperatures between -15° and -2°C. Cores between -8° and -5°C took 30-45 minutes to crack, while cores at warmer or cooler temperatures took either more than 90 minutes or did not crack at all. Numerical modeling shows that cores break under isothermal conditions. The results of this study suggest that previous models in which temperature gradients are held responsible for driving flow towards growing cracks are incomplete. I introduce a new model of ice segregation to explain how premelted liquids from smaller pores can migrate and contribute to the growth of large cracks. This dissertation includes unpublished material.
Committee in charge: Alan Rempel, Chairperson; Joshua Roering, Member; Rebecca Dorsey, Member
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Morgan, Sven S. "Strain path partitioning during forceful emplacement of the Papoose Flat pluton, Inyo Mountains, CA /." This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06302009-040224/.

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Yun, Xiaoyou 1965. "Geomechanical behaviour of biaxially loaded rock." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115913.

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The stress state at the boundary of any underground mine opening is that of plane stress. This planar state of stress can be simulated in laboratory by subjecting a cubic rock specimen to a biaxial loading condition. Thus, research on the behaviour of biaxially loaded rock is important for better understanding of the stability of mining fronts such as crown pillar skin, drift face or shaft floor.
The objective of this research is to study the geomechanical behaviour of biaxially loaded rock. Three rock types were selected, namely limestone, granite and sandstone.
The laboratory work was conducted using a newly developed, 500-tonne biaxial loading frame, that is equipped with a servo-controlled load and displacement system. Recently patented in China, the new biaxial loading frame is spatially symmetric and equally rigid in both directions. Steel brush platens and solid platens with and without MoS2 were developed to help examine the end friction effect on biaxial strength. It is found that the biaxial strength can decrease up to 26.7% with the increase of cubic specimen size from 75 mm to 150 mm. The biaxial strength increases by 29.3% with the increase of loading rate from 1 MPa/s to 10 MPa/s, for granite. The biaxial strength of granite specimen decreases by nearly 6% when either solid platens with MoS 2 lubricant or brush platens are used. A comparison of the sigma 1-sigma2 failure envelopes reveals that the shape of the envelope and the location of the peak biaxial strength are dependent on the rock type.
Varying intensities of rock spalling generally initiate at the free faces of the specimen when sigma1 and sigma2 exceed sigma c/2. Ultimate failure occurs in the form of an out-of-plane shear failure, which splits the rock specimen into two or more wedges.
It is shown that both Mohr-Coulomb and Hoek-Brown criteria underestimate the biaxial strength of the rock. The Drucker-Prager failure criterion appears to provide poor correlation with experimental results. A new empirical biaxial rock failure criterion for intact rock is derived and another, accounting for rock mass characteristics through the Geological Strength Index (GSI), is then proposed.
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Kalaghan, Theresa A. "Deformation in the striped rock pluton, southwest Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56190.

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The Striped Rock pluton of the late-Proterozoic Crossnore Plutonic-Volcanic suite is located beneath the Fries Thrust zone in the Blue Ridge province of southwest Virginia. The multiphase granite pluton has been affected by episodes of brittle and crystal plastic deformation at both the microscopic and mesoscopic scales. Brittle deformation preceded and postdated crystal plastic deformation. The pluton is cut by pervasive centimeter-scale cataclasite zones and ductile shear zones that vary in width from a few millimeters to several hundred meters. The majority of mylonite zones in the pluton strike east and northeast and are inclined moderately southeast. Cataclasite zones strike northeast and northwest. Deformation is most intense along the southern contact with the Cranberry gneiss where both pluton and country rock are deformed into a northeast-striking zone of mylonitic augen gneiss. The intensity of deformation decreases northwestward. Southeastdirected normal fault displacement is common to east and northeast-trending shear zones. A minor group of northwest-oriented shear zones dip moderately southwest and northeast and show sinistral, strike-slip displacement. Quartz-, chlorite- and stilpnomelane-filled cracks and veins with northeast and northwest trend uniformly overprint mylonite and cataclasite zones of all scales. Microstructure changes progressively with increasing strain. Feldspar grains are cut by at least two generations of mineralized, dilatant microcracks. Minerals precipitated in the early set of microcracks have undergone extensive crystal plastic deformation. Late-stage microcracks are filled with completely undeformed minerals. The spatial distribution of normal fault mylonite zones is geometrically consistent with generation during 1) late-Proterozoic extension, 2) Mesozoic extension, 3) rigid-body rotation during Paleozoic thrusting, or 4) "gravitational collapse" during Paleozoic thrusting. Field and microstructural evidence favor (4). The exact timing of deformation is not, however, well-constrained.
Master of Science
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Stormont, John Charles. "Gas permeability changes in rock salt during deformation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185159.

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A laboratory, field and numerical study of the changes in gas permeability which rock salt experiences during deformation is given. The laboratory tests involves gas permeability and porosity measurements coincident with hydrostatic and triaxial quasi-static, stress-rate controlled compression tests. The permeability and porosity of the as-received samples decrease significantly as a result of hydrostatic loading. These changes are largely irreversible, and are believed to "heal" or return the rock to a condition comparable to its undisturbed state. Deviatoric loading induces a dramatic change in pore structure. The permeability can increase more than 5 orders of magnitude over the initial (healed) state as the samples are loaded. The gas permeability changes are consistent with flow paths initially developing along the grain boundaries and then along axial secondary tensile cracks. The results from two sets of in situ gas permeability measurements from the underground workings of the WIPP Facility are given. The results consistently indicate that there is no measurable gas permeability prior to disturbing the rock by excavation. In the immediate vicinity of an excavation, the gas permeability can be 5 orders of magnitude greater than the undisturbed permeability. A numerical procedure to predict the in situ permeability is developed based on the results of the laboratory tests. The stress and strain fields surrounding excavations in rock salt, predicted with an elastoplastic model, are used in a model of gas permeability based on the equivalent channel model. The zone of the gas permeable rock is predicted well, but the magnitude of the gas permeability is underpredicted very near excavations. The gas permeability which develops in situ is principally a result of flow along dilated grain boundaries.
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Attfield, Peter Richard. "Mechanisms of shear zone deformation." Thesis, Keele University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253688.

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Books on the topic "Rock deformation"

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Nicolas, Adolphe. Principles of Rock Deformation. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3743-7.

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Nicolas, Adolphe. Principles of rock deformation. Dordrecht: Reidel, 1987.

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H, Mainprice D., ed. Principles of rock deformation. Dordrecht, Holland: D. Reidel Pub. Co., 1987.

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Paterson, Mervyn S. Experimental rock deformation: The brittle field. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer, 2004.

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Dresen, Georg, Mark Handy, and Christoph Janssen. Deformation Mechanisms Rheology Microstructures. Potsdam: [Neustadt an der Weinstrasse], 1999.

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Michael, Ellis, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. 3D-DEF: a user's manual: A three-dimensional, boundary element modeling program. Denver, CO: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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Michael, Ellis, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. 3D-DEF: a user's manual: A three-dimensional, boundary element modeling program. Denver, CO: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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Michael, Ellis, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. 3D-DEF: a user's manual: A three-dimensional, boundary element modeling program. Denver, CO: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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Blenkinsop, Tom G. Deformation microstructures and mechanisms in minerals and rocks. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000.

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Bresser, Johannes Hubertus Petrus de. Intracrystalline deformation of calcite. [Utrecht: Instituut voor Aardwetenschappen der Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht], 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rock deformation"

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Cristescu, N. "Volume deformation." In Rock Rheology, 27–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2554-0_4.

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Paterson, M. S. "Rock deformation experimentation." In The Brittle‐Ductile Transition in Rocks, 187–94. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm056p0187.

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Tullis, Terry E., and Jan Tullis. "Experimental rock deformation techniques." In Mineral and Rock Deformation: Laboratory Studies, 297–324. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm036p0297.

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Bhattacharya, A. R. "Mechanisms of Rock Deformation." In Structural Geology, 319–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80795-5_16.

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Nicolas, Adolphe. "Theory of Discontinuous Deformation." In Principles of Rock Deformation, 18–27. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3743-7_3.

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Nicolas, Adolphe. "Mechanisms of Continuous Deformation." In Principles of Rock Deformation, 28–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3743-7_4.

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Nicolas, Adolphe. "Discontinuous Deformation: Structures, Interpretations." In Principles of Rock Deformation, 51–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3743-7_5.

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Nicolas, Adolphe. "Introduction." In Principles of Rock Deformation, 1–2. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3743-7_1.

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Nicolas, Adolphe. "Strain and Stress." In Principles of Rock Deformation, 3–17. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3743-7_2.

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Nicolas, Adolphe. "Structures Caused by Homogeneous Deformation." In Principles of Rock Deformation, 69–85. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3743-7_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rock deformation"

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Nikraz, H. R., M. Press, and A. W. Evans. "Deformation characteristics of weakly cemented sandstone." In Rock Mechanics in Petroleum Engineering. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/28092-ms.

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Chan, A. W., and M. D. Zoback. "Deformation Analysis in Reservoir Space (DARS): A Simple Formalism for Prediction of Reservoir Deformation With Depletion." In SPE/ISRM Rock Mechanics Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/78174-ms.

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Matas, Gerard, Albert Prades, M. Amparo Núñez-Andrés, Felipe Buill, and Nieves Lantada. "Implementation of a fixed-location time lapse photogrammetric rock slope monitoring system in Castellfollit de la Roca, Spain." In 5th Joint International Symposium on Deformation Monitoring. Valencia: Editorial de la Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/jisdm2022.2022.13656.

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When monitoring deformations in natural hazards such as rockfalls and landslides, the use of 3D models has become a standard. Several geomatic techniques allow the generation of these models. However, each one has its pros and cons regarding accuracy, cost, sample frequency, etc. In this contribution a fixed-location time lapse camera system for continuous rockfall monitoring using photogrammetry has been developed as an alternative to Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and ground-based interferometric synthetic-aperture radar (GB-InSAR). The usage of stereo photogrammetry allows the obtention of 3D points clouds at a low cost and with a high sample frequency, essential to detect premonitory displacements. In this work the designed system consists of three digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) cameras which collect photographs of the rock slope daily controlled by a Raspberry Pi computer using the open-source library gPhoto2. Photographs are automatically uploaded to a server using 3G network for processing. This system was implemented at Castellfollit de la Roca village (Girona province, Spain), which sits on a basaltic cliff that has shown significant rockfall intensity in recent years. The 3D models obtained will allow monitoring rockfalls frequency, premonitory displacements, and calculate the erosion rate of the slope. All technical decisions taken for the design and implementation on this specific site are discussed and first results shown.
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Veeken, C. A. M., L. P. Wahleitner, and C. R. Keedy. "Experimental modelling of casing deformation in a compacting reservoir." In Rock Mechanics in Petroleum Engineering. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/28090-ms.

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Schwall, G. H., and C. A. Denney. "Subsidence induced casing deformation mechanisms in the Ekofisk field." In Rock Mechanics in Petroleum Engineering. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/28091-ms.

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Lindenbach, E. J., R. G. Bearce, and J. F. Foran. "A Comparison of Empirically Estimated Rock Mass Modulus Values at a Soft-Rock Site." In 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2023-0451.

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ABSTRACT The rock mass modulus, or deformation modulus, of an underlying rock mass is an important input variable for any load-deformation analysis of a foundation, such as numeric modeling of a dam. The deformation modulus can be determined empirically using a variety of different relationships that incorporate parameters readily determined from geologic logs and laboratory testing. Relying on one value can be fraught, though, as a low rock mass modulus can improve damping of seismic waves while a high rock mass modulus can increase static stability. Therefore, developing a realistic range of values is of paramount importance. In this paper, a probabilistic approach incorporating distributions for input parameters and ten empirical relationships was used to determine a range of anticipated foundation rock mass modulus values for a proposed spillway, thereby allowing for a range of model outcomes to be simulated. The analysis also found that the relationships to determine rock mass modulus that do not incorporate the elastic modulus as determined during laboratory testing all produced significantly higher rock mass modulus values than those that incorporated the laboratory data; relationships using only RQD and/or RMR appear to break down where the rock mass is relatively fracture free, but the intact rock is soft, as is the case for this site. INTRODUCTION Accurately modeling the response of a structure to static or seismic loads is of paramount importance when evaluating critical infrastructure such as dams. Key to the development of accurate models is developing and implementing realistic ranges of input parameters that facilitate the portrayal of a range of possible outcomes. One of the parameters needed in the modeling efforts is the deformation modulus or rock mass modulus. The terms deformation modulus and rock mass modulus are interchangeable, and both imply load-deformations of the rock mass in the elastic and inelastic ranges (Ulusay and Hudson, 2006).
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Tisato, N., Q. Zhao, and G. Grasselli. "Experimental Rock Deformation under Micro-CT - Two New Apparatuses for Rock Physics." In 78th EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2016. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201601225.

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Crawford, B. R., and D. P. Yale. "Constitutive Modeling of Deformation and Permeability: Relationships between Critical State and Micromechanics." In SPE/ISRM Rock Mechanics Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/78189-ms.

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Zhang, Peter, Daniel Su, Mark Van Dyke, and Bo Hyun Kim. "A Case Study of Shale Gas Well Casing Deformation in Longwall Chain Pillars Under Deep Cover." In 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2023-0082.

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ABSTRACT Shale gas wells in longwall chain pillars are subject to longwall-induced overburden movements. Longwall mining on either side of the chain pillars can induce deformations in gas well casings. The casing deformations induced by longwall mining has raised the safety concern that casing integrity might be diminished so that intrusive shale gas could leak into the longwall mine with serious consequences. This study deals with longwall-induced casing deformations of eight shale gas wells in the chain pillars between two adjacent longwall panels in the Pittsburgh coal seam under a cover depth of 314 m and a mining height of 2.1 m. The longwall panels were 457-m wide, and the chain pillars were 66-m wide. The longwall faces passed by the shale gas wells as each adjacent longwall panel was retreated. Gas well casing deformations were measured by a multi-finger caliper after each panel was mined. The first panel mining induced casing deformations less than 1.7 cm above the coal seam horizon. The second panel mining caused an increase of casing deformation up to 20%–30% on average. The casing deformations were also predicted by the FLAC3D modeling technique based on site-specific mining and geological conditions. The study demonstrates that the predicted casing deformations are generally in good agreement with the measurements. The study shows that the casing deformations first occur at the weak/strong rock interfaces after first panel mining and then increase by a small amount at the same locations after second panel mining. The study reveals that longwall-induced casing deformations under deep cover are smaller than those under shallow cover. The study also provides a quantitative method for using numerical modeling to assess the stability of shale gas wells in longwall chain pillars. INTRODUCTION Gas wells drilled in longwall pillars are influenced by longwall mining. Due to longwall-induced subsurface ground movements, the gas wells in the vicinity of longwall panels are subject to longwall-induced stresses and deformations. Excessive stresses and deformations induced in gas well casings could lead to a casing breach. More safety concerns have been focused on unconventional shale gas wells in the presumption that the casing breach could allow high-pressure gas to leak into the mine, potentially causing a fire and explosion. Over the past decade, more than 1,500 shale gas wells have been drilled in the current and future reserves of the Pittsburgh coal seam. The impact of longwall mining on these shale gas wells will have to be evaluated as future longwall panels are mined. Therefore, it is important to quantify longwall-induced subsurface movements and casing deformations and to develop reliable models to assess the stability of shale gas wells in longwall pillars.
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Zhang, Z. X., W. B. Pan, S. F. Wang, and Q. H. Lei. "Impact of Discontinuities with Slip-Weakening Friction on the Structural Deformation of a High-Speed Railway Tunnel inJointed Stratified Rock Masses Under Cyclic Train Loadings." In 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2023-0243.

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ABSTRACT It is crucial to assess the performance of a high-speed railway tunnel under dynamic train loading since structural deformations may lead to safety-relevant issues, such as train derailment or rollover. The structural deformation of a high-speed railway tunnel results from the train loading-induced response and interaction of tunnel structures and surrounding rock masses. Our research investigates the slippage behavior of discontinuities with slip-weakening friction around a tunnel under dynamic train loadings, and further analyzes their impacts on structural deformations. A distinct element method-based commercial software (UDEC) is used to build a 2D circular tunnel situated in jointed stratified rock masses. We compare the modeling results by the Coulomb slip model and slip-weakening model, and further conduct parametric studies about the bedding plane dip angle, joint length/spacing, and critical slip distance. We report that discontinuities with slip-weakening friction are more prone to be reactivated and ruptured under dynamic train loadings, and the resultant shear displacements of discontinuities associated with rock block deformations and movements would further induce significant structural deformations. Our simulation results have important implications for assessing the performance of a high-speed railway tunnel as well as the safety of train operations. INTRODUCTION The rapid development of high-speed railways in China, e.g., the planned Sichuan-Tibet railway line, imposes an increased demand of tunnel construction (Li et al. 2016). Due to the high performance requirements of high-speed train operation, the structural deformation of a tunnel should be carefully examined and controlled to ensure the safety and smoothness of train tracks (Fu et al. 2022; Qian et al. 2019). Some considerable structural deformations have been observed under dynamic train loadings (Wang et al. 2022), as a result of the interaction of tunnel structures and surrounding rock masses (Wang et al. 2020). Discontinuities are widely present in rock masses like stratified sedimentary formations, a typical lithology through which parts of the Sichuan-Tibet railway pass (Chen et al. 2019; Guo et al. 2020). It is expected that the potential shear slippage of these discontinuities under dynamic train loadings could play an important role in structural deformations.
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Reports on the topic "Rock deformation"

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Bauer, Stephen J., Payton Gardner, Univ. Montana, and UNM Hyunwoo Lee. Real Time Degassing of Rock during Deformation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1603852.

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Hirth, James G., and Nancy Ryan Gray. 2008 Gordon Research Conference on Rock Deformation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/964283.

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Yakovlev, Petr V. Geologic map of the Beaverhead Rock area, east 1/3 Block Mountain through west 2/3 Beaverhead Rock 7.5′ quadrangles, southwest Montana. Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.59691/etwd7625.

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The Beaverhead Rock area is located north of Dillon, Montana, and includes Tertiary deposits on the eastern flank of McCartney Mountain as well as basement rocks of the Selway terrane. Strata show evidence of deformation during the Paleoproterozoic Big Sky orogeny, Cretaceous through Paleogene Sevier-Laramide orogeny, and Miocene to present Basin and Range extension. Past exploration activities have shown minimal potential for mineral or petroleum resources.
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Tullis, Terry E. Workshop on Advancing Experimental Rock Deformation Research: Scientific and Technical Needs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1254832.

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Wang, Herbert F. Pore Scale Simulations of Rock Deformation, Fracture, and Fluid Flow in Three Dimensions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/838252.

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Dr. Shemin Ge. Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Hydrological Properties of Rock Features During Active Deformation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/838813.

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Glynn, M. E., Johannes L. Wibowo, James B. Warriner, and Glenn A. Nicholson. Determination of Rock Mass Rating and Deformation Moduli - 14 Cross Sections of Portugues Dam Foundation - December 1999. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada392299.

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Tan, Peng, and Nicholas Sitar. Parallel Level-Set DEM (LS-DEM) Development and Application to the Study of Deformation and Flow of Granular Media. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/kmiz5819.

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We present a systematic investigation of computational approaches to the modeling of granular materials. Granular materials are ubiquitous in everyday life and in a variety of engineering and industrial applications. Despite the apparent simplicity of the laws governing particle-scale interactions, predicting the continuum mechanical response of granular materials still poses extraordinary challenges. This is largely due to the complex history dependence resulting from continuous rearrangement of the microstructure of granular material, as well as the mechanical interlocking due to grain morphology and surface roughness. X-Ray Computed Tomography (XRCT) is used to characterize the grain morphology and the fabric of the granular media, naturally deposited sand in this study. The Level-Set based Discrete Element Method (LS-DEM) is then used to bridge the granular behavior gap between the micro and macro scale. The LS-DEM establishes a one-to-one correspondence between granular objects and numerical avatars and captures the details of grain morphology and surface roughness. However, the high-fidelity representation significantly increases the demands on computational resources. To this end a parallel version of LS-DEM is introduced to significantly decrease the computational demands. The code employs a binning algorithm, which reduces the search complexity of contact detection from O(n2) to O(n), and a domain decomposition strategy is used to elicit parallel computing in a memory- and communication-efficient manner. The parallel implementation shows good scalability and efficiency. High fidelity LS avatars obtained from XRCT images of naturally deposited sand are then used to replicate the results of triaxial tests using the new, parallel LS-DEM code. The result show that both micro- and macro-mechanical behavior of natural material is well captured and is consistent with experimental data, confirming experimental observation that the primary source of peak strength of sand is the mechanical interlocking between irregularly shaped grains. Specifically, triaxial test simulations with a flexible membrane produce a very good match to experimentally observed relationships between deviatoric stress and mobilized friction angle for naturally deposited sand. We then explore the viability of modeling dynamic problems with a new formulation of an impulse based LS-DEM. The new formulation is stable, fast, and energy conservative. However, it can be numerically stiff when the assembly has substantial mass differences between particles. We also demonstrate the feasibility of modeling deformable structures in the rigid body framework and propose several enhancements to improve the convergence of collision resolution, including a hybrid time integration scheme to separately handle at rest contacts and dynamic collisions. Finally, we extend the impulse-based LS-DEM to include arbitrarily shaped topographic surfaces and exploit its algorithmic advantages to demonstrate the feasibility of modeling realistic behavior of granular flows. The novel formulation significantly improves performance of dynamic simulations by allowing larger time steps, which is advantageous for observing the full development of physical phenomena such as rock avalanches, which we present as an illustrative example.
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Boily-Auclair, É., P. Mercier-Langevin, P. S. Ross, and D. Pitre. Alteration and ore assemblages of the LaRonde Zone 5 (LZ5) deposit and Ellison mineralized zones, Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp, Abitibi, Quebec. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329637.

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The LaRonde Zone 5 (LZ5) mine is part of the Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp and is located in the southern part of the Abitibi greenstone belt in northwestern Quebec. The LZ5 deposit consists of three stacked mineralized corridors: Zone 4, Zone 4.1, and Zone 5. Zones 4 and 4.1 are discontinuous satellite mineralized corridors, whereas Zone 5 represents the main mineralized body. The mineralized zones of the LZ5 deposit and adjacent Ellison property (Ellison A and B zones) are hosted in the strongly-deformed, 2699-2695 Ma transitional to calcalkaline, intermediate to felsic, volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Bousquet Formation upper member, which is part of the Blake River Group (2704-2695 Ma). Zones 4, 4.1, and 5 at the LZ5 mine are hosted in intermediate volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Westwood andesitic to rhyodacitic unit (unit 5.1a), which forms the base of the upper member of the Bousquet Formation. The Ellison Zone A is hosted higher up in the stratigraphic sequence within a newly described intermediate volcanic unit. The Ellison Zone B is hosted in felsic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Westwood feldsparphyric rhyolite dome (subunit 5.3a-(b)). Mineralization in all three zones of the LZ5 deposit consists of discordant networks of millimeter- to centimeter-thick pyrite ±chalcopyrite ±sphalerite ±pyrrhotite veins and veinlets (10-20 % of the volume of the rock) and, to a lesser extent, very finely disseminated pyrite and boudinaged veins (less than or equal to 5 vol. % each) in strongly altered host rocks. Gold commonly occurs as microscopic inclusions in granoblastic pyrite and at the triple junction between recrystallized grains. The veins, stockworks, and disseminations were intensely folded and transposed in the steeply south-dipping, east-west trending S2 foliation. The vein network is at least partly discordant to the stratigraphy. A distal alteration halo envelops the LZ5 mineralized corridors and consists of a sericite-carbonate-chlorite- feldspar ±biotite assemblage. A proximal sericite-carbonate-chlorite-pyrite-quartz- feldspar-biotite ±epidote alteration assemblage is present within the LZ5 mineralized zones. A local proximal alteration assemblage of sericite-quartz-pyrite is also locally developed within Zone 4 and Zone 5 of the LZ5 deposit. Mass gains in Fe2O3 (t) and K2O, and mass losses in CaO, MgO, Na2O, and locally SiO2, are characteristic of the LZ5 alteration zones. The Ellison zone A and B are similar to LZ5 in terms of style of mineralization, but thin (10-20 cm) veins or bands of semi-massive to massive, finely recrystallized disseminated pyrite (0.1-1 mm) are distinctive. Chalcopyrite and sphalerite are also slightly more abundant in the mineralized corridors of the Ellison property and are usually associated with elevated gold grades. The zones are also slightly richer than at LZ5 in terms of gold and silver content, but narrower and less continuous in general. The Ellison Zone A is characterized by gains in Fe2O3 (t) and K2O and losses in CaO, MgO, Na2O, and SiO2. Gains in Fe2O3 (t) and local gains in K2O, MgO, and MnO, and losses in CO2, Na2O, P2O5, and SiO2, characterize the felsic host rocks of the Zone B corridor. The style of mineralization at LZ5 (pyrite ±chalcopyrite veins and veinlets, ±disseminated pyrite with low base metal content), its setting (i.e. in rocks of intermediate composition at the base of the upper member of the Bousquet Formation), and the geometry of its ore zones (stacked lenses of sulfide veins and veinlets, without massive sulfide lenses) differ from the other major deposits of the Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp. Despite these differences, this study indicates that the LZ5 and Ellison mineralized corridors are of synvolcanic hydrothermal origin and have most likely been formed by convective circulation of seawater below the seafloor. An influx of magmatic fluids from the Mooshla synvolcanic intrusive complex or its parent magma chamber could explain the Au enrichment at LZ5, as has been suggested for other deposits of the camp. Evidence for a pre-deformation synvolcanic mineralization at LZ5 includes ductile deformation and recrystallization of the sulfides, the stacked nature of its ore zones, subconcordant alteration halos that envelop the mineralized corridors, evidence that the mineralized system was already active when the LZ5 lenses were deposited and control on mineralization by primary volcanic features such as the permeability and porosity of the volcanic rocks.
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Percival, J. A., V. Tschirhart, and W J Davis. Overview of the geology of the Montresor belt, Nunavut. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/332498.

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The Montresor belt, Nunavut, was originally described as a synform of Paleoproterozoicmetasedimentary rocks resting unconformably on Archean basement. Heterogeneous units of the lower Montresor group are imbricated with granitoid basement units. In the more homogeneous upper Montresor group, aeromagnetic patterns are interpreted to reflect distal polyphase deformation during the Trans-Hudson Orogeny, several phases of which have been recognized in the Montresor belt.
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