Journal articles on the topic 'Rock arsenic concentrations'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Rock arsenic concentrations.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Rock arsenic concentrations.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Ren, Minghua, José Alfredo Rodríguez-Pineda, and Philip Goodell. "Arsenic Mineral in Volcanic Tuff, a Source of Arsenic Anomaly in Groundwater: City of Chihuahua, Mexico." Geosciences 12, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12020069.
Full textAbstract:
Arsenic is a naturally occurring trace element that causes many health effects when present in drinking water. Elevated arsenic concentrations in water are often attributed to nearby felsic volcanic sequences; however, the specific rock units to which the groundwater anomalies can be accredited are rarely identified. The groundwater from wells around the city of Chihuahua, Mexico, contains high arsenic content. Arsenic in groundwater increases toward the base rock containing Tertiary volcanic rocks. Through detailed scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron microprobe (EMP) work, arsenic minerals are identified in the cavities of the Tertiary volcanic tuff from the northeast part of the Tabalaopa Basin, city of Chihuahua. Arsenic minerals, the As–Sr–Al phase (a possible arsenogoyazite–arsenoflorencite group mineral) crystallized in the vesicles of the tuff and the As–Y bearing phase included in biotite, prevail in the studied Tertiary volcanic outcrops. Based on the current study, the arsenic anomaly in the Tabalaopa–Aldama aquifer corresponds to these arsenic phases in the Tertiary volcanic rocks.
2
Foster, Simon, William Maher, Ernst Schmeisser, Anne Taylor, Frank Krikowa, and Simon Apte. "Arsenic Species in a Rocky Intertidal Marine Food Chain in NSW, Australia, revisited." Environmental Chemistry 3, no. 4 (2006): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en06026.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental Context. The pathways by which arsenic is accumulated, biotransformed and transferred in aquatic ecosystems are relatively unknown. Examination of whole marine ecosystems rather than individual organisms provides greater insights into the biogeochemical cycling of arsenic. Rocky intertidal zones, which have a high abundance of organisms but low ecological diversity, are an important marine habitat. This study examines the cycling of arsenic within intertidal ecosystems to further understand its distribution and transfer. Abstract. The present study reports total arsenic and arsenic species in a short rocky intertidal marine food chain in NSW, Australia. Total mean arsenic concentrations increased up the food chain in the following order: 4 ± 2 µg g–1 in attached rock microalgae, 31 ± 14 µg g–1 in Bembicium nanum Lamarck, 45 ± 14 µg g–1 in Cellana tramoserica Sowerby, 58 ± 14 µg g–1 in Nerita atramentosa Reeve, 75 ± 15 µg g–1 in Austrocochlea constrica Lamarck (a herbivore) and 476 ± 285 µg g–1 in the carnivore Morula marginalba Blainville. Significant differences in arsenic concentrations of B. nanum, N. atramentosa and M. marginalba were found among locations and may be related to food availability, spawning or differences in age and/or size classes of individuals. Significant differences in arsenic concentrations were also found within locations among species, and increased in the order: rock microalgae < B. nanum < C. tramoserica < N. atramentosa < A. constricta < M. marginalba. Although small differences in total arsenic concentrations were found among locations for some gastropod species, arsenic species proportions were very consistent within gastropod species across locations. The majority of arsenic in Homosira banksii (macroalgae) was oxo-arsenoribosides, with thio-arsenoribosides making up ~10% of the total methanol–water extractable arsenic. The rock microalgae contained arsenobetaine (AB) (59 ± 5%) and arsenoribosides (36 ± 15%). The AB content of the herbivores B. nanum, N. atramentosa and A. constricta ranged from 71 to 95%, and that of the carnivore M. marginalba was 98%. Most gastropods contained thio-arsenosugars (up to 13 ± 3% of total extractable arsenic), with C. tramoserica containing higher proportions of thio-phosphate arsenoriboside (7 ± 2%) and lower proportions of AB (69 ± 4%). Glycerol trimethylarsonioribosides (1.4 ± 0.1%) were also found in most of the herbivorous gastropods. Oxo-dimethylarsinoylethanol (oxo-DMAE) was found in N. atramentosa (<1%).
3
Parrone, Daniele, Stefano Ghergo, Elisabetta Preziosi, and Barbara Casentini. "Water-Rock Interaction Processes: A Local Scale Study on Arsenic Sources and Release Mechanisms from a Volcanic Rock Matrix." Toxics 10, no. 6 (May 27, 2022): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10060288.
Full textAbstract:
Arsenic is a potentially toxic element (PTE) that is widely present in groundwater, with concentrations often exceeding the WHO drinking water guideline value (10.0 μg/L), entailing a prominent risk to human health due to long-term exposure. We investigated its origin in groundwater in a study area located north of Rome (Italy) in a volcanic-sedimentary aquifer. Some possible mineralogical sources and main mechanisms governing As mobilization from a representative volcanic tuff have been investigated via laboratory experiments, such as selective sequential extraction and dissolution tests mimicking different release conditions. Arsenic in groundwater ranges from 0.2 to 50.6 μg/L. It does not exhibit a defined spatial distribution, and it shows positive correlations with other PTEs typical of a volcanic environment, such as F, U, and V. Various potential As-bearing phases, such as zeolites, iron oxyhydroxides, calcite, and pyrite are present in the tuff samples. Arsenic in the rocks shows concentrations in the range of 17–41 mg/kg and is mostly associated with a minor fraction of the rock constituted by FeOOH, in particular, low crystalline, containing up to 70% of total As. Secondary fractions include specifically adsorbed As, As-coprecipitated or bound to calcite and linked to sulfides. Results show that As in groundwater mainly originates from water-rock interaction processes. The release of As into groundwater most likely occurs through desorption phenomena in the presence of specific exchangers and, although locally, via the reductive dissolution of Fe oxy-hydroxides.
4
Missimer, Thomas, Christopher Teaf, William Beeson, Robert Maliva, John Woolschlager, and Douglas Covert. "Natural Background and Anthropogenic Arsenic Enrichment in Florida Soils, Surface Water, and Groundwater: A Review with a Discussion on Public Health Risk." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10 (October 17, 2018): 2278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102278.
Full textAbstract:
Florida geologic units and soils contain a wide range in concentrations of naturally-occurring arsenic. The average range of bulk rock concentrations is 1 to 13.1 mg/kg with concentrations in accessary minerals being over 1000 mg/kg. Florida soils contain natural arsenic concentrations which can exceed 10 mg/kg in some circumstances, with organic-rich soils often having the highest concentrations. Anthropogenic sources of arsenic have added about 610,000 metric tons of arsenic into the Florida environment since 1970, thereby increasing background concentrations in soils. The anthropogenic sources of arsenic in soils include: pesticides (used in Florida beginning in the 1890’s), fertilizers, chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood, soil amendments, cattle-dipping vats, chicken litter, sludges from water treatment plants, and others. The default Soil Cleanup Target Level (SCTL) in Florida for arsenic in residential soils is 2.1 mg/kg which is below some naturally-occurring background concentrations in soils and anthropogenic concentrations in agricultural soils. A review of risk considerations shows that adverse health impacts associated with exposure to arsenic is dependent on many factors and that the Florida cleanup levels are very conservative. Exposure to arsenic in soils at concentrations that exceed the Florida default cleanup level set specifically for residential environments does not necessarily pose a meaningful a priori public health risk, given important considerations such as the form of arsenic present, the route(s) of exposure, and the actual circumstances of exposure (e.g., frequency, duration, and magnitude).
5
Wang, Ningxin, Zijun Ye, Liping Huang, Chushu Zhang, Yunxue Guo, and Wei Zhang. "Arsenic Occurrence and Cycling in the Aquatic Environment: A Comparison between Freshwater and Seawater." Water 15, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15010147.
Full textAbstract:
Owing to the toxicity and adverse effects of arsenic on human health, its levels in aquatic environments are among the most serious threats to humans globally. To improve our understanding of its occurrence and cycling in aquatic environments, herein we review the concentration, speciation, and distribution of arsenic in freshwater, seawater, and sediments. Many natural processes, such as rock weathering and geothermal activities, contribute to the background arsenic concentrations in the natural environment, whereas metal mining and smelting are anthropogenic sources of arsenic in the water. The high solubility and mobility of arsenic in aquatic environments affects its global cycling. Furthermore, the biological processes in the aquatic environment are discussed, especially the possible microbe-mediated reactions of arsenic in sediments. In addition, various environmental factors, such as redox conditions, pH, and salinity, which influence the transformation of arsenic species, are summarized. Finally, the differences between freshwater and seawater with reference to the concentration as well as speciation and distribution patterns of arsenic are addressed. This review provides deep insights into arsenic occurrence and cycling between freshwater and seawater aquatic environments, which can more accurately distinguish the risks of arsenic in different water environments, and provides theoretical guidance for the prevention and control of arsenic risks.
6
Santha, Nipada, Saowani Sangkajan, and Schradh Saenton. "Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater and Potential Health Risk in Western Lampang Basin, Northern Thailand." Water 14, no. 3 (February 4, 2022): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14030465.
Full textAbstract:
This research aimed to investigate the spatial distribution of arsenic concentrations in shallow and deep groundwaters which were used as sources for drinking and domestic and agricultural uses. A geochemical modeling software PHREEQC was used to simulate equilibrium geochemical reactions of complex water–rock interactions to identify arsenic speciation and mineral saturation indices based on groundwater quality and hydrogeochemical conditions. In addition, the potential health risk from arsenic-contaminated groundwater consumption was assessed based on the method developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The study area is located at the western part of the Lampang Basin, an intermontane aquifer, Northern Thailand. The area is flat and situated in a floodplain in the Cenozoic basin. Most shallow groundwater (≤10 m depth) samples from dug wells were of Ca-Na-HCO3 and Ca-HCO3 types, whereas deep groundwater from Quaternary terrace deposits (30–150 m depth) samples were of Na-HCO3 and Ca-Na-HCO3 types. High arsenic concentrations were found in the central part of the study area (Shallow groundwater: <2.8–35 mg/L with a mean of 10.7 mg/L; Deep groundwater: <2.8–480 mg/L with a mean of 51.0 mg/L). According to geochemical modeling study, deep groundwater contained toxic As(III), as the dominant species more than shallow groundwater. Arsenic in groundwater of the Lampang Basin may have been derived from leaching of rocks and could have been the primary source of the subsurface arsenic in the study area. Secondary source of arsenic, which is more significant, could be derived from the leaching of sorbed arsenic in aquifer from co-precipitated Fe-oxyhydroxides in sediments. Quantitative risk assessment showed that the average carcinogenic risk values were as high as 2.78 × 10−3 and 7.65 × 10−3 for adult and child, respectively, which were higher than the acceptable level (1 × 10−4). The adverse health impact should be notified or warned with the use of this arsenic-contaminated groundwater without pre-treatment.
7
Dimitrova, Dimitrina, Nikolaya Velitchkova, Vassilka Mladenova, Tsvetan Kotsev, and Dimitar Antonov. "Heavy metal and metalloid mobilisation and rates of contamination of water, soil and bottom sediments in the Chiprovtsi mining district, Northwestern Bulgaria." Geologica Balcanica 45 (2016): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.52321/geolbalc.45.0.47.
Full textAbstract:
Geochemical studies of seasonally collected mine, stream and drinking waters, bottom sediments (mine and stream) and soil samples from all mining sections were carried out in order to assess the rates of pollution in the immediate proximity to underground mining facilities and related waste rock dumps. The determined concentrations of studied elements in water (As, Pb, Cu, Zn and Sb) show spatial distribution corresponding to ore mineralisation in different sections. Arsenic concentrations show gradual decrease in west-east direction, whereas Pb concentrations peak in the central and eastern sections. Arsenic and, to a lesser extent, Pb proved to be major pollutants in mine and surface waters, as well as in bottom sediments and soils. Detailed geochemical study of soils revealed strong spatial relation with host rocks and ore mineralogy. Comparisons with state guidelines for harmful elements revealed that alluvial and meadow soils in close proximity to waste dumps contain As, Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd above maximum permissible levels. It was also found that, compared to other Bulgarian and world alluvial (fluvisol) soils and the upper continental crust, the soils in Chiprovtsi mining district are enriched in Te, Re, W, Pd, Au, Ag, Mo, Ti, Mn, Co, Se, Sb, Bi and Cs. Since the processes of weathering and oxidation of mine waste remaining in the area continue naturally, the pollution with As and Pb will presumably carry on with decreasing effect.
8
Credo, Jonathan, Jaclyn Torkelson, Tommy Rock, and Jani C. Ingram. "Quantification of Elemental Contaminants in Unregulated Water across Western Navajo Nation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 15 (July 31, 2019): 2727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152727.
Full textAbstract:
The geologic profile of the western United States lends itself to naturally elevated levels of arsenic and uranium in groundwater and can be exacerbated by mining enterprises. The Navajo Nation, located in the American Southwest, is the largest contiguous Native American Nation and has over a 100-year legacy of hard rock mining. This study has two objectives, quantify the arsenic and uranium concentrations in water systems in the Arizona and Utah side of the Navajo Nation compared to the New Mexico side and to determine if there are other elements of concern. Between 2014 and 2017, 294 water samples were collected across the Arizona and Utah side of the Navajo Nation and analyzed for 21 elements. Of these, 14 elements had at least one instance of a concentration greater than a national regulatory limit, and six of these (V, Ca, As, Mn, Li, and U) had the highest incidence of exceedances and were of concern to various communities on the Navajo Nation. Our findings are similar to other studies conducted in Arizona and on the Navajo Nation and demonstrate that other elements may be a concern for public health beyond arsenic and uranium.
9
Zhi, Chuanshun, Wengeng Cao, Zhen Wang, and Zeyan Li. "High-Arsenic Groundwater in Paleochannels of the Lower Yellow River, China: Distribution and Genesis Mechanisms." Water 13, no. 3 (January 29, 2021): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13030338.
Full textAbstract:
High–arsenic (As) groundwater poses a serious threat to human health. The upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River are well–known areas for the enrichment of high–arsenic groundwater. However, little is known about the distribution characteristics and formation mechanism of high-As groundwater in the lower reach of the Yellow River. There were 203 groundwater samples collected in different groundwater systems of the lower Yellow River for the exploration of its hydrogeochemical characteristics. Results showed that more than 20% of the samples have arsenic concentrations exceeding 10 μg/L. The high-As groundwater was mainly distributed in Late Pleistocene–Holocene aquifers, and the As concentrations in the paleochannels systems (C2 and C4) were significantly higher than that of the paleointerfluve system (C3) and modern Yellow River affected system (C5). The high-As groundwater is characterized by high Fe2+ and NH4+ and low Eh and NO3−, indicating that reductive dissolution of the As–bearing iron oxides is probably the main cause of As release. The arsenic concentrations strikingly showed an increasing tendency as the HCO3− proportion increases, suggesting that HCO3− competitive adsorption may facilitate As mobilization, too. In addition, a Gibbs diagram showed that the evaporation of groundwater could be another significant hydrogeochemical processes, except for the water–rock interaction in the study area. Different sources of aquifer medium and sedimentary structure may be the main reasons for the significant zonation of the As spatial distribution in the lower Yellow River.
10
Wang, Bai, Liu, Zhang, Chen, and Lu. "Enrichments of Cadmium and Arsenic and Their Effects on the Karst Forest Area." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23 (November 22, 2019): 4665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234665.
Full textAbstract:
An understanding of the enrichment mechanisms of cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) in the process of rock weathering and soil formation is essential to develop agriculture according to local conditions. However, the enrichments of soil Cd and As under natural background conditions in karst areas are still uncertain. The enrichment factor, geo-accumulation index, redundancy analysis, and other methods were used to analyze the enrichment degree and the influencing factors of Cd and As on 5 rock–soil profiles and 15 topsoil samples, which were collected from a karst forest area in Libo County, Guizhou Province. The results showed that the enrichment process was divided into three stages. In the first stage, Cd and As were enriched in carbonate rocks, and their mean concentrations were 1.65 and 3.9 times those of the corresponding abundance of the crust. In the second stage, the enrichment of the parent rock into the soil, the enrichment factors of Cd and As in the parent material horizon relative to the bedrock horizon were 9.2 and 2.82, respectively. The third stage refers to the enrichments of Cd and As in the topsoil, where Cd enrichment was more obvious than that of As. Soil organic matter (SOM) and phosphorus (P) are important factors that influenced the enrichments of Cd and As in the topsoil. The functional groups of SOM were complexed with Cd and As; P easily formed precipitates with Cd, and the tree litter was fed back to the topsoil, which may be the reason for the surface enrichment of Cd and As. This study will help the scientific community understand the enrichment mechanisms of soil Cd and As in karst areas.
11
Ahmed, Jemal. "Trace elements geochemistry in high-incidence areas of liver-related diseases, northwestern Ethiopia." Environmental Geochemistry and Health 42, no. 5 (September 10, 2019): 1235–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-019-00387-3.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper reports the results of trace elements geochemistry from Tigray national state, northwestern Ethiopia. The area is part of the Arabian-Nubian Shield, where the dominant exposure is low-grade metamorphic rocks and has a long history of liver-related diseases. The increase in the number of liver-related disease patients of the area has been an environmental health issue of national concern. The aim of the study is to determine the level of trace element concentrations and distributions in water and stream sediments of the area and identify the possible sources in relation to human health. Water, stream sediment and rocks samples (20 water, 20 stream sediments, and 6 rock samples) were collected in March 2011 and analyzed for major and trace element contents using ICP-MS, ICP-OES, ion Chromatography, and XRF methods. Bromine, aluminum, fluorine, arsenic, and nitrate values exceed the WHO maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) for drinking purpose. Bromine ranges from 0.11 to 1.48 mg/l show higher values in all samples, and fluorine ranges from 0.21 to 16.49 mg/l show higher values in 20% of the samples. Other trace elements are aluminum—30%, arsenic—10%, and nitrate (NO3)—10%, and they are examples of elements which have above MAC for drinking water. Selenium deficiency may be the other problematic element in the area for which its deficiency is associated with liver damage and heart muscle disorder. The concentration of cobalt and chromium exceeded world geochemical background value in average shale at most sample stations indicated that these stations were in potential risk.
12
Arima, Takahiko, Ryosuke Sasaki, Takahiro Yamamoto, Carlito Baltazar Tabelin, Shuichi Tamoto, and Toshifumi Igarashi. "Effects of Environmental Factors on the Leaching and Immobilization Behavior of Arsenic from Mudstone by Laboratory and In Situ Column Experiments." Minerals 11, no. 11 (November 2, 2021): 1220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11111220.
Full textAbstract:
Hydrothermally altered rocks generated from underground/tunnel projects often produce acidic leachate and release heavy metals and toxic metalloids, such as arsenic (As). The adsorption layer and immobilization methods using natural adsorbents or immobilizer as reasonable countermeasures have been proposed. In this study, two sets of column experiments were conducted, of which one was focused on the laboratory columns and other on the in situ columns, to evaluate the effects of column conditions on leaching of As from excavated rocks and on adsorption or immobilization behavior of As by a river sediment (RS) as a natural adsorbent or immobilizer. A bottom adsorption layer consisting of the RS was constructed under the excavated rock layer or a mixing layer of the excavated rock and river sediment was packed in the column. The results showed that no significant trends in the adsorption and immobilization of As by the RS were observed by comparing laboratory and in situ column experiments because the experimental conditions did not influence significant change in the leachate pH which affects As adsorption or immobilization. However, As leaching concentrations of the in situ experiments were higher than those of the laboratory column experiments. In addition, the lower pH, higher Eh and higher coexisting sulfate ions of the leachate were observed for the in situ columns, compared to the results of the laboratory columns. These results indicate that the leaching concentration of As became higher in the in situ columns, resulting in higher oxidation of sulfide minerals in the rock. This may be due to the differences in conditions, such as temperature and water content, which induce the differences in the rate of oxidation of minerals contained in the rock. On the other hand, since the leachate pH affecting As adsorption or immobilization was not influenced significantly, As adsorption or immobilization effect by the RS were effective for both laboratory and in situ column experiments. These results indicate that both in situ and laboratory column experiments are useful in evaluating leaching and adsorption of As by natural adsorbents, despite the fact that the water content which directly affects the rate of oxidation is sensitive to weathering conditions.
13
Hassan, Abrar ul, Ayesha Mohy Udd Din, and Sakhawat Ali. "Chemical Characterisation of Himalayan Rock Salt." Pakistan Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research Series A: Physical Sciences 60, no. 2 (June 29, 2017): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.phys.sci.60.2.2017.67.71.
Full textAbstract:
Present study involves the chemical evaluation of rock salt samples collected from the pluggingsites of Himalayan salt (Khewra salt mines and Kalabagh salt mines) for their moisture content, waterinsoluble matter, calcium, magnesium, sulphate content and trace minerals such as Fe,Cu,Cd,Pb,As,Agand Zn determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Moisture content of Khewra and Kalabagh saltsamples ranged from 0.03 wt. % to 0.09 wt. % and 0.06 % to 0.08 %, respectively. Water insoluble matterranged from 0.08 wt. % to 1.4 wt. % and 1.5 wt. % to 2.8wt. % for Khewra and Kalabagh salt samples,respectively. Sulphate content for Khewra salt sample was from 0.39 % to 0.91 % and for Kalabagh saltmines from 0.75 wt. % to 0.95wt. %. For Khewra salt mines calcium ranged 0.15wt. % to 0.32wt. % andfor Kalabagh salt samples from 0.1 wt. % to 0.27wt. %. Magnesium ranged from 0.11 wt. % to 0.35wt.% for Khewra salt mines, while for Kalabagh salt samples its range was 0.18wt. % to 0.89wt. %. Tracemetals had the concentration ranges between 0.2 to 1.85 mg/kg for copper; between 0.21 to 0.42 mg/kgfor manganese; between 0.04 to 0.06 mg/kg for zinc; between 0.12 to 0.18 mg/kg for arsenic and between0.03 and 0.05 mg/kg for lead while cadmium content was either below the methods detection limits orin very trace amounts. The results show that the concentrations of all the parameters studied are belowthe limits set by World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).Therefore, it can be concluded from the paper that the Himalayan salt from the plugging sites of Khewraand Kalabagh salt mines are safe to use.
14
Amanambu, Amobichukwu Chukwudi. "Geogenic Contamination: Hydrogeochemical processes and relationships in Shallow Aquifers of Ibadan, South-West Nigeria." Bulletin of Geography. Physical Geography Series 9, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bgeo-2015-0011.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The result of the spatial analysis as applied to the hydrogeochemical data set in the shallow aquifer of Ibadan provides an insight into the underlying factors controlling hydrogeochemical processes in the area. A total of thirty drinking water samples (six samples each from the five major lithologic formations of the study area) were collected from shallow aquifers during the rainy and dry season. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) and the Beckan DU-7500 single beam spectrophotometer were used to determine concentrations of arsenic, iron and fluoride in drinking water samples and the concentrations of other chemical parameters that could affect the concentrations of the geogenic contaminants including Ca, Mg, Na and SO42− were also analysed. pH and TDS were also determined. The Pearson Correlation and Factor Analysis were used to examine the relationship between the geogenic contaminants and concentration of other hydrogeochemical parameters while isopleth maps were drawn to ascertain lines of equal geogenic concentration (Isogeogenic lines). Factor analysis reduced the dataset into three major components representing the different sources of the contaminant. Major contributors to factor 1 and 3 (Salinization and Sulphate factors respectively) are natural phenomena while factor 2 is partly geogenic. The Isogeogenic lines show places of equal geogenic concentration and also with 3D Elevation modelling showed a high peak of Arsenic and Fluoride in the Sango area. The correlation test showed that there is a positive relationship between As and SO42− 0.889 (P < 0.05) and also a positive relationship between As and Mg 0.43 (P < 0.05). The significant relationship between As and SO42−, shows a partly geogenic source resulting from the reduction of sulphate to sulphide for the mobilization of As. The positive relationship between Fluoride and pH 0.242 (P > 0.05) implies that the concentration of F within the rock formation depends on high pH value.
15
Xie, Xiaofeng, Shangyi Gu, Likai Hao, Tianyi Zhang, and Zidong Guo. "Rhizosphere Microbial Communities and Geochemical Constraining Mechanism of Antimony Mine Waste-Adapted Plants in Southwestern China." Microorganisms 10, no. 8 (July 26, 2022): 1507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10081507.
Full textAbstract:
Antimony (Sb) and arsenic (As) are two hazardous metalloid elements, and the biogeochemical cycle of Sb and As can be better understood by studying plant rhizosphere microorganisms associated with Sb mine waste. In the current study, samples of three types of mine waste—Sb mine tailing, waste rocks, and smelting slag—and associated rhizosphere microorganisms of adapted plants were collected from Qinglong Sb mine, southwest China. 16S rRNA was sequenced and used to study the composition of the mine waste microbial community. The most abundant phylum in all samples was Proteobacteria, followed by Bacteroidota, Acidobacteriota, and Actinobacteriota. The community composition varied among different mine waste types. Gammaproteobacteria was the most abundant microorganism in tailings, Actinobacteria was mainly distributed in waste rock, and Saccharimonadia, Acidobacteriae, and Ktedonobacteria were mainly present in slag. At the family level, the vast majority of Hydrogenophilaceae were found in tailings, Ktedonobacteraceae, Chthoniobacteraceae, and Acidobacteriaceae (Subgroup 1) were mostly found in slag, and Pseudomonadaceae and Micrococcaceae were mainly found in waste rock. Actinobacteriota and Arthrobacter are important taxa for reducing heavy metal(loid) mobility, vegetation restoration, and self-sustaining ecosystem construction on antimony mine waste. The high concentrations of Sb and As reduce microbial diversity.
16
Carrizo, Daniel, Carlos Barros, and German Velasquez. "The Arsenic Fault-Pathfinder: A Complementary Tool to Improve Structural Models in Mining." Minerals 8, no. 9 (August 21, 2018): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min8090364.
Full textAbstract:
In a mining operation, the structural model is considered as a first-order data required for planning. During the start-up and in-depth expansion of an operation, whether the case is open-pit or underground, the structural model must be systematically updated because most common failure mechanisms of a rock mass are generally controlled by geological discontinuities. This update represents one of the main responsibilities for structural geologists and mine engineers. For that purpose, our study presents a geochemically-developed tool based on the tridimensional (3-D) distribution of arsenic concentrations, which have been quantified with a very high-density of blast-holes sampling points throughout an open pit operation. Our results show that the arsenic spatial distribution clearly denotes alignments that match with faults that were previously recognized by classical direct mapping techniques. Consequently, the 3-D arsenic distribution can be used to endorse the existence and even more the real persistence of structures as well as the cross-cutting relationships between faults. In conclusion, by linking the arsenic fault-pathfinder tool to direct on field fault mapping, it is possible to improve structural models at mine scale, focusing on geotechnical design and management, with a direct impact in the generation of safety mining activities.
17
Zeng, Zhigang, Xiaoyuan Wang, Haiyan Qi, and Bowen Zhu. "Arsenic and Antimony in Hydrothermal Plumes from the Eastern Manus Basin, Papua New Guinea." Geofluids 2018 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6079586.
Full textAbstract:
Studies on the concentrations of arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) in seawater columns are very important for tracing hydrothermal plumes and understanding fluid characteristics of seafloor hydrothermal systems. The total As, Sb, Mn, and Cl− concentrations of three hydrothermal plume seawater column samples have been studied at Stations 18G, 18K, and 18B in the eastern Manus back-arc basin, Bismarck Sea, Papua New Guinea. At Stations 18G and 18K, the plumes above North Su and near the Suzette site in the SuSu Knolls hydrothermal field are both enriched in As, Sb, and Mn and depleted in Cl, as a result of contribution of As-Sb-Mn-enriched and Cl-depleted vent fluid outputs to the hydrothermal plume, which is most likely generated in the subseafloor by fluid-rock interaction, magma degassing, or phase separation (boiling of hydrothermal fluid). The plume at Station 18B is enriched in As, Sb, Mn, and Cl, suggesting that As-Sb-Mn-Cl-enriched fluid discharges from vents, which have been generated by fluid-rock interaction. The concentrations of As and Sb anomalous layers, like manganese (Mn), are higher than those of the other layers in the three hydrothermal plume seawater columns. As and Sb with Mn showed a positive correlation (R2>0.8, p<0.05), and the distributions of As and Sb within the hydrothermal plume are not controlled by particle adsorption or biogeochemical cycles, suggesting that As and Sb, like Mn, can be used to detect and describe the characteristics of hydrothermal plumes in seawater environment. In addition, anomalous layer with As/Sb ratio lower than those of ambient seawater at the same temperature is found in the eastern Manus basin, suggesting that the As/Sb ratio may also act as an effective tracer reflecting the effect of hydrothermal activity on As and Sb in the seawater column.
18
Noller, B. N., P. H. Woods, and B. J. Ross. "Case Studies of Wetland Filtration of Mine Waste Water in Constructed and Naturally Occurring Systems in Northern Australia." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 4 (February 1, 1994): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0205.
Full textAbstract:
A problem common to mines operating in the tropics is the disposal of water, which may be alkaline, acidic, or contain toxic elements such as arsenic or cadmium. The availability of year-round water supply at many mine sites in Northern Australia, particularly from pit dewatering, together with the monsoonal climate, provide appropriate conditions for the formation of natural wetlands or establishment of artificial wetlands. Wetland species (particularly Typha spp.) flourish in the presence of flowing or shallow water from dewatering, and data collected from natural and experimental wetlands show reduction of metal concentrations by wetland filtration of mine waste water. The following case studies are considered:Constructed wetlands, used to remove uranium from waste rock runoff before release to an adjacent creek provide a means of “polishing” runoff water prior to discharge to the creek.Creek-Billabong systems with existing wetlands adjacent to mine sites adventitiously “filter” waters discharged from mine sites. Trace elements in dewatering water from a gold mine discharged into an oxbow show reduction of elemental concentrations downstream, compared to discharge water.Naturally generated wetlands at several Northern Territory mines have developed along channels for discharge of pit water, with ingress of Typha domingensis. Such wetlands, associated with dewatering, have been examined at four mines, some with acid mine drainage. Water quality measured after wetland treatments shows reductions in concentrations of various heavy metals and sulfate. Volunteer Typha domingensis grows and spreads in shallow flowing channels, providing an inherent “filtration” of the water.Natural swamplands are incorporated in the waste rock runoff management design of a new gold mine, to reduce potentially high arsenic levels in the waste water. Constructed and naturally occurring wetlands may be used in the treatment of most mine waste waters to achieve levels of constituents acceptable for discharge to the surrounding environment.
19
Jeong, Yongsik, Jaehyung Yu, Lei Wang, and Ji Shin. "Spectral Responses of As and Pb Contamination in Tailings of a Hydrothermal Ore Deposit: A Case Study of Samgwang Mine, South Korea." Remote Sensing 10, no. 11 (November 19, 2018): 1830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10111830.
Full textAbstract:
We analyzed chemical composition, mineralogy, and spectral characteristics of the tailings of a hydrothermal gold mine in South Korea. We measured spectral responses of tailings to arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) concentration and developed and validated a prediction model for As and Pb in the tailings. The tailing was heavily contaminated with heavy metal elements and composed of rock forming minerals, gangue minerals and hydrothermal alteration minerals. The spectral features of the tailing were closely related to hydrothermal alteration minerals. The spectral responses associated with As and Pb concentrations were detected in shortwave infrared (SWIR) region at absorption positions of the hydrothermal alteration minerals. The prediction models were constructed using spectral bands of absorption features of the hydrothermal alteration minerals and were statistically significant. We found distinctive differences in spectral characteristics and spectral response to heavy metal contamination between the tailings and soils in the mining area. While the spectral signals to heavy metal concentration of tailings were associated with the hydrothermal alteration minerals, those of soils in mining area were manifested by clay minerals originated from weathering processes. This infers that geological processes associated with formation of soils and tailings are the major controlling factors of spectral responses to heavy metal contamination. This study provides a rare reference for the estimation of As and Pb concentration in the tailings with similar types of ore deposit and host rock.
20
Park, Seong-Jae, Jun Kim, Young Tae Jo, Dong Shin, Theoneste Nshizirungu, Deok Hyun Moon, Won Hyun Ji, Ju In Ko, and Jeong-Hun Park. "Risk Assessment for Co-contaminated Soil Including As and Hg in the Vicinity of Abandoned Metal Mine." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 42, no. 2 (February 29, 2020): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2020.42.2.75.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives:In Korea, about 2,000 abandoned mine area has been polluted by harmful waste such as mine tailing, waste rock and acid mine drain without prevention facility. Mine waste contains high concentrations of various hazardous metallic and nonmetallic materials. Also, it can be a source of pollution for nearby soil, rivers, and ground water. Heavy metals may exist in ecosystems for a long time and may be taken by the residents through crops and drinking water. In this study, human risk assessment for heavy metal contamination was carried out.Methods:About the 564 soil samples were analyzed for heavy metal. The risk assessment of polluted soils was carried out in accordance with guideline of Korea Soil Environment Conservation Act. It was implied with hazard identification, exposure assessment, toxicity assessment, and risk characterization.Results and Discussion:The number of exceed sites for the worried level of soil concentration were 185 for As, 3 for Hg, 7 for Zn, 1 for Pb, 1 for Cu. Soil contact was the biggest impact on adults and children for carcinogenic risk followed by crop intake, soil intake, and soil inhalation. Non-carcinogenic risk for adults, were in order of crop intake > soil intake > soil contact > outdoor air inhalation (volatilization) > ground water intake and soil inhalation. For children, it was in the order of soil intake > crop intake > soil contact > outdoor air inhalation (volatilization) > ground water intake > soil inhalation.Conclusion:The carcinogenic purification target concentration for the site was determined to be 7.17 mg / kg level of arsenic, considering adult and child concentrations. However, carcinogenic purification target concentration by arsenic dermal absorption carcinogenic coefficients (SF<sub>abs</sub>) of USEPA method was 20.08 mg/kg, therefore requiring research for domestic risk assessment factor.
21
Zeng, Zhigang, Xiaoyuan Wang, Xuebo Yin, Shuai Chen, Haiyan Qi, and Chen-Tung Arthur Chen. "Strontium, Hydrogen and Oxygen Behavior in Vent Fluids and Plumes from the Kueishantao Hydrothermal Field Offshore Northeast Taiwan: Constrained by Fluid Processes." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 7 (June 21, 2022): 845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10070845.
Full textAbstract:
Strontium (Sr), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) in vent fluids are important for understanding the water–rock interaction and hydrothermal flux in hydrothermal systems. We have analyzed the Sr, H and O isotopic compositions of seawater, vent fluid and hydrothermal plume samples in the Kueishantao hydrothermal field, as well as their calcium (Ca), total sulfur (S), Sr, arsenic (As), stibium (Sb), chlorine (Cl) and manganese (Mn) concentrations for understanding the origin and processes of fluids. The results suggest that most As, Sb and Mn are leached from andesitic rocks into the fluids, and most Ca and Cl remained in the deep reaction zone during the fluid–andesitic rock interaction. The ranges of 87Sr/86Sr, δDV-SMOW and δ18OV-SMOW values in the yellow spring, white spring and plumes are small. The 87Sr/86Sr, δDV-SMOW and δ18OV-SMOW values of fluids and plumes are like those of ambient seawater, indicating that the Sr, H and O of vent fluids and hydrothermal plumes are derived primarily from seawater. This suggests that the interaction of andesite and subseafloor fluid is of short duration and results in the majority of As, Sb and Mn being released into fluids, while most Ca and Cl remained in the deep reaction zone. In addition, there was no significant variation of Sr, H and O isotopic compositions in the upwelling fluid, keeping the similar isotopic compositions of seawater. There are obvious correlations among the pH values, As and Sb concentrations, and H isotopic compositions of the vent fluids and hydrothermal plumes, implying that the As and Sb concentrations and H isotopic compositions can trace the dispersion of plumes in the ambient seawater. According to the Sr concentrations and 87Sr/86Sr values, the water/rock ratios are 3076~8124, which is consistent with the idea that the interaction between fluid and andesite at the subseafloor is of short duration. The hydrothermal flux of Sr discharged from the yellow spring into the seawater is between 2.06 × 104 and 2.26 × 104 mol/yr, and the white spring discharges 1.18 × 104~1.26 × 104 mol/yr Sr if just andesites appear in the reaction zone.
22
Mohammed, Nuur Hani, and Wan Zuhairi Wan Yaacob. "The Potential Of Acid Mine Drainage Formation At Bukit Besi, Dungun, Terengganu." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia 74, no. 1 (November 30, 2022): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7186/bgsm74202210.
Full textAbstract:
Acid mine drainage (AMD) at Bukit Besi is often accompanied by high concentrations of various heavy metal such as iron, lead, copper, zink, cadmium, manganese, nikel, and arsenic. The samples were collected from active mining site at Cheng Yu, Bukit Besi. The physical and chemical tests used are ion chromatography (IC) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) test, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), and clay mineralogy using XRF (X-ray fluorescence) and XRD (X-ray diffraction) techniques. Static test which is acid-base counting are used to predict the potential of AMD. The water analysis showed a very acidic water with pH < 3.5 with high concentration of heavy metals like Fe (822.03 mg/L) and sulfate (4455.87 mg/L). Acid-bases rock calculation shows highly significant results which have high potential of acid production (9.5 to 155.0 kg CaCO3/ton). The results from physical and chemical analysis show Bukit Besi area is potentially exposed to formation of acid mine drainage.
23
Zhou, Shuguang, Jinlin Wang, Wei Wang, and Shibin Liao. "Evaluation of Portable X-ray Fluorescence Analysis and Its Applicability As a Tool in Geochemical Exploration." Minerals 13, no. 2 (January 24, 2023): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13020166.
Full textAbstract:
Large-scale, high-density geochemical explorations entail enormous workloads and high costs for sample analysis, but, for early mineral exploration, absolute concentrations are not essential. Geochemists require ranges, dynamics of variation, and correlations for early explorations rather than absolute accuracy. Thus, higher work efficiency and lower costs for sample analysis are desirable for geochemical exploration. This study comprehensively analyzed the reliability and applicability of portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometry in geochemical exploration. The results show that pXRF can be applied effectively to rock and rock powder samples, and sample preparation and a longer detection time have been shown to increase the precision of the pXRF results. When pXRF is used on rock samples, if less than 30% of the samples are assessed as containing an element, the element is usually undetectable using pXRF when these rock samples are prepared as rock powders, indicating that the data about the detected element are unreliable; thus, it is suggested that some representative samples should be selected for testing before starting to use a pXRF in a geochemical exploration project. In addition, although the extended detection time increased the reliability of the analysis results, an increase in detection time of more than 80 s did not significantly affect the accuracy of the results. For this reason, the recommended detection time for the pXRF analysis of rock powder samples is 80 s for this study. pXRF has the advantages of being low-cost, highly efficient, and stable, and its results are reliable enough to exhibit the spatial distribution of indicator elements (arsenic, nickel, lead, sulfur, titanium, and zinc) in polymetallic mineralization exploration. Therefore, pXRF is recommendable for practical use in geochemical exploration.
24
Sodov, Ariunbileg, Olga Gaskova, Altansukh Gankhuyag, Dagva-Ochir Lkhagvasuren, Otgonbaatar Dorjsuren, Oyunchimeg Tumen-Ulzii, and Battushig Altanbaatar. "New orogenic type gold occurrences in the Uyanga ore knot (Central Mongolia)." Mongolian Geoscientist, no. 47 (December 31, 2018): 22–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mgs.v0i47.1062.
Full textAbstract:
The Uyanga ore knot district of the Khangay metallogenic zone are hosted by the lower-middle Devonian volcanogenic-sedimentary Erdenetsogt formation. About 40 samples were collected from the host rocks, veins and quartz veins in the Uyanga ore knot district in 2016. The new Burgetei, Ult and Senjit gold occurrences were studied. The quartz-sulfide, gold-arsenic and gold-antimony-mercury mineralization are determined in the berecitization, silicification, limonitization and glauconization altered metasomatic zones within the Uyanga ore knot districts. The rocks of the Erdenetsogt formation have an irregular gold content: 0.96 g/t Au is determined in quartz vein taken from trench of the Burgetei occurrence (BG-7/16), Au content is highest up to 3.5 g/t in the quartzite-jasper (Ult-7/16 and Ult-9/16) cut by quartz veins in the Ult occurrence. The Senjit occurrence represents Au-Hg-Sb epizonal level of orogenic gold deposits structure with highest Hg content up to 851 ppm. This year no sulfide minerals were found in the siltstone of this occurrence. The Au content of arsenical pyrite of the Burgetei and Ult is below the detection limit by electron microprobe analysis. The Au content of arsenopyrite of the Ult occurrence is highest (up to 238 ppm). Therefore, the ore-mineral assemblages in the gold occurrences reflect the differences between the three explored sites, formed in the course of fluid evolution during the fluid-rock interaction. Variable concentrations of indicative elements (As, Te, Sb, Hg) and their ratios confirm this fact. The geodynamic position, the type of the hydrothermal alteration of both igneous and sedimentary rocks, textures and mineral assemblages, the mineralization sequences are consistent with orogenic classification for the Burgetei, Ult and Senjit gold occurrences.
25
Rddad, Larbi. "Fixation and redistribution of arsenic during early and late diagenesis in the organic matter-rich members of the Lockatong Formation, Newark basin, USA: implication for the quality of groundwater." Atlantic Geology 53 (June 28, 2017): 253–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4138/atlgeol.2017.010.
Full textAbstract:
The Byram and Walls Island members in the lower and upper sections, respectively, of the Lockatong Formation in the Newark basin near the border between Pennsylvania and New Jersey were chosen to assess (i) the role of euxinic/anoxic conditions in sequestering arsenic (As) and other trace elements and (ii) the redistribution of these elements during catagenetic transformations. ἀese members are rich in organic matter and host pyrite which occurs as disseminations, small patches, and subparallel veins. ἀe sulfur isotope values of pyrite samples range between -7.5 and 0.5 ‰CDT (average = -3.5‰CDT). ἀe negative δ34S values are indicative of Bacterial Sulfate Reduction (BSR) under low temperature and euxinic/anoxic conditions. ἀe total organic carbon (TOC) values in this member ᴀuctuate between 0.5 and 2.1%. ἀese euxinic/anoxic conditions enhanced the incorporation of As and other trace elements in both organic matter and pyrite. ἀe As concentrations range from 13 to 800 mg/kg and from 1.4 to 34 mg/kg in pyrite and black shale samples, respectively. Rock Eval analyses reveal that organic matter is over-mature which altered the correlation between TOC and As. ἀe thermal cracking of organic matter resulted in the removal of these elements from organic matter and their subsequent incorporation in pyrite and bitumen. Organic matter- and pyrite-rich anoxic black shale layers and bitumen veins are potential sources of arsenic in groundwater in the Newark basin, with arsenic values that reach up to 215 μg/L.
26
Zverkovskyy, Vasiliy M., Svitlana A. Sytnyk, Viktoriia M. Lovynska, Mykola M. Kharytonov, Ivan P. Lakyda, Svitlana Yu Mykolenko, Giovanni Pardini, Eva Margui, and Maria Gispert. "Remediation Potential of Forest Forming Tree Species Within Northern Steppe Reclamation Stands." Ekológia (Bratislava) 37, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eko-2018-0007.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe aim of the research was to study the features of accumulation of heavy metals by assimilation apparatus of coniferous and deciduous arboreous plants. The research identified excess of factual concentrations for Arsenic in mining rock in relation to values stated in IPC (indicative permissible concentrations). It is stated that the metals can be divided into three groups according to their absolute content in unit of foliage biomass. The element of excessive concentration is Mn, medium concentration is characteristic for Pb and Zn and low concentration is observed for Sb, Cr, As, Cu, Ni and Sn. Calculation of coefficient of biological accumulation of the metals under research has shown its high values for Crimean pine. The data presented for Black locust indicate low values of coefficient of biological accumulation, which is best noticeable for Chromium, Antimony and Tin. It is determined that a small amount of Sb and Sn are a subject to uptake by Black locust leaves, whilst for Crimean pine needles, Sb and As are characterised by the lowest inflow. The average content of lead is 209.11 kg·ha−1 for Crimean pine in all age groups of trees, whilst for Black locust, this index is only 15.52 kg·ha−1, which is 13.5 times less. Zinc accumulation is better performed by Black locust leaves, and it gradually decreases with increasing age. No definite trend of redistribution and subsequent accumulation of copper depending on tree species and age was found.
27
Ko, Byong-Gu, Christopher W. N. Anderson, Nanthi S. Bolan, Keun-Young Huh, and Iris Vogeler. "Potential for the phytoremediation of arsenic-contaminated mine tailings in Fiji." Soil Research 46, no. 7 (2008): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr07200.
Full textAbstract:
The objectives of this study were (1) to compare the bioavailability of arsenic (As) to plants in an As-spiked agricultural soil and a naturally contaminated mine tailings, (2) to compare the theoretical ability of various chemical amendments to solubilise As in naturally contaminated mine tailings, and (3) to examine the ability of Brassica juncea (Indian mustard) plants to remove the solubilised As from the soil and tailings. The growth media used for this study included mine tailings from a gold mine in Fiji contaminated with As (683 As mg/kg) due to the presence of arsenopyrite in the mined rock, and a pasture soil from New Zealand (Manawatu sandy loam) amended with lime and/or As. Brassica juncea was grown in these substrates in a glasshouse. In a separate batch experiment, we examined the theoretical ability of several chemical extractants to solubilise As from the mine tailings. Of the tested extractants, only hydrochloric acid (HCl) and a mixture containing ammonium oxalate (NH4)2C2O4, oxalic acid, and ascorbic acid were effective in extracting As from the tailings. In the plant growth experiment, solutions of these 2 chemicals were used as soil amendments at 2 different concentrations to increase As uptake by 6-week-old, actively growing B. juncea plants. Arsenic bioavailability as a function of the growth media influenced the germination rate of B. juncea, the As concentration in the plants, and the water-soluble As concentration in the media. There was approximately a 3-fold reduction in the germination of seeds, and a 64- and 380-fold increase in As concentration in plant and soil solution, respectively, in the spiked Manawatu soil compared with the naturally contaminated Fiji mine tailings. The spiking of soil with As did not mimic naturally contaminated tailings in this experiment. The total amount of As taken up by B. juncea plants increased approximately 9 fold with the addition of the amendments. However, the phytoremediation capacity of B. juncea for As extraction in Fiji mine tailings was too low for efficient remediation even in the presence of solubilising chemicals.
28
Yu, Enjiang, Hongyan Liu, Faustino Dinis, Qiuye Zhang, Peng Jing, Fang Liu, and Xianhang Ju. "Contamination Evaluation and Source Analysis of Heavy Metals in Karst Soil Using UNMIX Model and Pb-Cd Isotopes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (September 30, 2022): 12478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912478.
Full textAbstract:
Karst terrain is the typical area covered with a high background of heavy metals under geochemical anomaly. This research explored the accumulation of geochemical elements and soil sources in karst terrain from rock and soil exposed in carbonate areas. The comprehensive ecological risk and enrichment of heavy metals from parent rock weathered to soil was investigated in 11 formations in the carbonate and clastic areas of the Weining and Hezhang counties in northwest Guizhou. The single factor pollution index, geoaccumulation index, and the potential risk coefficient were used to assess the environmental risk. The results revealed that the heavy metals in an overall geologically high background level of soil in northwest Guizhou is at a slight risk level. However, except for Cd, the heavy metals did not exceed the standard pollution reference. Moreover, the UNMIX model and Cd and Pb isotopes were used to analyze the source of heavy metals, comprising of cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn), and the geochemical elements of silicon (Si), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca). The study showed that most elements in the soil carbonate area exceed the national standard, and the heavy metals in the soil showed a strong enrichment, while the major elements Si and Mg display strong loss. Heavy metal concentrations in soil in the carbonate area were higher than in the clastic area. Geological sources and atmospheric deposition were the main contributors to heavy metal concentrations in both carbonate and clastic areas, and their concentrations differ according to soils developing in different formations.
29
Ni, Shanqin, Guannan Liu, Yuanyi Zhao, Changqing Zhang, and Aiyun Wang. "Distribution and Source Apportionment of Heavy Metals in Soil around Dexing Copper Mine in Jiangxi Province, China." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 7, 2023): 1143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021143.
Full textAbstract:
The soil heavy metal pollution around the mine threatens crop growth and human health. Intensively studies of the distribution characteristics and source of soil heavy metals around some typical mines are very crucial for environmental management and green development of mine. A total of eighty-nine soil samples, twenty-one sediment samples, five waste rock samples and two tailing sand samples were sampled to investigate copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and mercury (Hg) in soil, sediment, waste rocks and tailings sand around Dexing Copper Mine, Jiangxi Province, China. The concentrations of the seven heavy metals were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ICP-MS/atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). The Igeo values of soil heavy metal showed that 100% of Cu were at an unpolluted-to-moderately-polluted level (Igeo > 0), more than 50% of Cu were heavily polluted (Igeo > 3), 65.16%, and 22.47%, 7.86% and 7.87% of the soil samples for Cd, Hg, As and Zn were overly moderately polluted (Igeo > 1). A total of 13.48% and 11.24% of the soil samples for Pb and Cr, respectively, were moderately polluted (1 < Igeo < 2). The concentrations of heavy metals in soil were Compared with Risk Screening Values for Contamination of Agricultural Land (RSVCAL), with the concentration of 97.75% soil samples for Cu, and 69.21% of soil samples for Cd were higher than RSVCAL. In Dawu river basin the concentration of 50% soil samples for Pb were higher than RSVCAL. According to Igeo and RSVCAL, the soils around Dexing Copper Mine were polluted by heavy metals to some extent, with especially the Cu pollution of soil being the most serious. These heavy metal concentrations exceeding RSVCAL have threatened the safety of agricultural products. The results of soil profile analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) indicated that the mining activities of Dexing copper mine should be the main source of Cu in the soil. High As concentration in soil obviously caused by the copper mine as well. In addition, Dexing Copper Mine should partly account for soil pollution by Zn, Pb, Cd, Hg and Cr around the mine.
30
Lawson, M., C. J. Ballentine, D. A. Polya, A. J. Boyce, D. Mondal, D. Chatterjee, S. Majumder, and A. Biswas. "The geochemical and isotopic composition of ground waters in West Bengal: tracing ground-surface water interaction and its role in arsenic release." Mineralogical Magazine 72, no. 1 (February 2008): 441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.441.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn many areas of south and south-eastern Asia, concentrations of As in ground water have been found to exceed the WHO maximum concentration limit of 10 μg/l. This is adversely affecting the health of millions of people and has grave current and future health implications. It has recently been suggested that extensive abstraction of ground water in these areas may accelerate the release of As to ground water. This study uses geochemical and isotopic data to assess this hypothesis. The area investigated in this study is in the Chakdaha block of the Nadia District, West Bengal. The ground water is predominantly of the Ca-Mg-HCO3 type, although some samples were found to contain elevated concentrations of Na, Cl and SO4. This is thought to reflect a greater degree of water-rock interaction at the locations of these particular samples. Arsenic concentrations exceeded the national limit of 50 μg/l in 13 of the 22 samples collected. Four of the 13 samples with high As were recovered from tubewells with depths of 60 m or more. Shallow ground water samples were found to have a stable isotopic composition which falls subparallel to the Global Meteoric Water Line. This probably represents a contribution of evaporated surface water to the ground water, possibly from surface ponds or re-infiltrating irrigation water. Deep ground water, conversely, was shown to have a composition that closely reflects that of meteoric water. The data presented in this study suggest that, whilst the drawdown of surface waters may drive As release in shallow ground waters, it is not responsible for driving As release in deep ground water. However, local abstraction may have resulted in changes in the ground water flow regime of the area, with contaminated shallow ground waters being drawn into previously uncontaminated deep aquifers.
31
Sodov, Ariunbileg, Olga Gaskova, Altansukh Gankhuyag, Dagva-Ochir Lkhagvasuren, Otgonbaatar Dorjsuren, Oyunchimeg Tumen-Ulzii, and Battushig Altanbaatar. "New orogenic type gold occurrences in the Uyanga ore knot (Central Mongolia)." E3S Web of Conferences 98 (2019): 08020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199808020.
Full textAbstract:
The Khangay-Khentey belt is located in central Mongolia (Central Asian Orogenic Belt). The Uyanga ore knot district of the Khangay metallogenic zone are hosted by the lower-middle Devonian volcanogenic-sedimentary Erdenetsogt formation. The new Burgetei, Ult and Senjit gold occurrences were studied. The rocks of the Erdenetsogt formation have an irregular gold content: 0.96 g/t Au is determined in quartz vein (BG-7/16), Au content is highest up to 3.5 g/t in the quartzite-jasper (Ult-7/16 and Ult-9/16) cut by quartz veins in the Ult occurrence. The Senjit occurrence represents Au-Hg-Sb epizonal level of orogenic gold deposits structure with highest Hgand Sb content up to 8.5 ppm and 39 ppm respectively. The Au content of arsenic pyrite of the Burgetei and Ult is below the detection limit by electron microprobe analysis. The Au content of arsenopyrite of the Ult occurrence is highest (up to 238 ppm). The ore-mineral assemblages in the new gold occurrences reflect the differences between three explored sites, formed in the course of fluid evolution during the water-rock interaction. Variable concentrations of indicative elements (As, Te, Sb, Hg) and their ratios confirm this fact.
32
Tahir, M. A., H. Rasheed, and A. Malana. "Method development for arsenic analysis by modification in spectrophotometric technique." Drinking Water Engineering and Science 5, no. 1 (January 4, 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/dwes-5-1-2012.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Arsenic is a non-metallic constituent, present naturally in groundwater due to some minerals and rocks. Arsenic is not geologically uncommon and occurs in natural water as arsenate and arsenite. Additionally, arsenic may occur from industrial discharges or insecticide application. World Health Organization (WHO) and Pakistan Standard Quality Control Authority have recommended a permissible limit of 10 ppb for arsenic in drinking water. Arsenic at lower concentrations can be determined in water by using high tech instruments like the Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (hydride generation). Because arsenic concentration at low limits of 1 ppb can not be determined easily with simple spectrophotometric technique, the spectrophotometric technique using silver diethyldithiocarbamate was modified to achieve better results, up to the extent of 1 ppb arsenic concentration.
33
Tahir, M. A., H. Rasheed, and A. Malana. "Method development for arsenic analysis by modification in spectrphotometric technique." Drinking Water Engineering and Science Discussions 1, no. 2 (August 22, 2008): 135–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/dwesd-1-135-2008.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Arsenic is a non-metallic constituent, present naturally in groundwater due to some minerals and rocks. Arsenic is not geologically uncommon and occurs in natural water as arsenate and arsenite. Additionally, arsenic may occur from industrial discharges or insecticide application. World Health Organization (WHO) and Pakistan Standard Quality Control Authority have recommended a permissible limit of 10 ppb for arsenic in drinking water. The arsenic at lower concentrations can be determined in water by using high tech instruments like Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (hydride generation). The arsenic concentration at low limits of 1 ppb could not be determined easily with simple spectrophotometric technique. Therefore, Spectrphotometric technique using the silver diethyldithiocarbamate was modified to achieve the better results, up to the extent of 1 ppb arsenic concentration.
34
Giglioli, Sara, Loris Colombo, Pasquale Contestabile, Luigi Musco, Giovanna Armiento, Renato Somma, Diego Vicinanza, and Arianna Azzellino. "Source Apportionment Assessment of Marine Sediment Contamination in a Post-Industrial Area (Bagnoli, Naples)." Water 12, no. 8 (August 3, 2020): 2181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12082181.
Full textAbstract:
The area of Bagnoli (Gulf of Naples, central Tyrrhenian Sea) has been heavily exposed to pollution for over a century due to the presence of industrial sites along its coastline. The aim of this study is to analyze contaminant concentrations (i.e., heavy metals and hydrocarbons) in seabed sediments through a statistical multivariate approach. Multivariate methods permit us to describe the pollution dynamics affecting the area and distinguish between anthropogenic and natural pollution sources. Additionally, the association between contamination patterns and the wave climate characteristics of the gulf (i.e., wave period, direction, height, power, and energy) is investigated. The study confirms that the main contamination source in the Bagnoli bay is anthropogenic activities (i.e., former steel plant and sewage discharges) for the majority of investigated pollutants. It also provides evidence, however, for the potential co-existence of multiple anthropogenic and geogenic sources of arsenic and other metals that may be originating also from the water-rock interaction and submarine volcanic emissions in the Phlegraean area.
35
Tong, Xiaoxia, Hui Tang, Rong Gan, Zitao Li, Xinlin He, and Shuqian Gu. "Characteristics and Causes of Changing Groundwater Quality in the Boundary Line of the Middle and Lower Yellow River (Right Bank)." Water 14, no. 12 (June 8, 2022): 1846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14121846.
Full textAbstract:
The alluvial plain in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River is an important agricultural production base that affects groundwater quality. Groundwater quality in the region is related to the residential and production uses of water by local residents. Samples of shallow groundwater and river water were collected from the right bank of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River to determine the evolution and causes of hydrochemical characteristics, and the relationship between the hydrochemical evolution of river water and groundwater was explored. The results showed that the shallow groundwater in the area received lateral recharge from the Yellow River water. The closer to the Yellow River the groundwater was, the higher the SO42−, Cl−, and Na+ concentrations and the lower the HCO3− and Mg2+ concentrations were. Agriculture and aquaculture has influenced and complicated the hydrochemical types of shallow groundwater in recent decades. The groundwater in the area was jointly affected by water–rock interactions and evaporation concentrations; a strong cation exchange effect was detected. Arsenic exceeded the limit in some shallow groundwater, which was mainly distributed in the Yellow River alluvial plain and caused by the reductive sedimentary environment of the Yellow River alluvial plain. The “three nitrogen”, NH4+-N, NO2−-N, and NO3−-N, demonstrated sporadic local excesses in shallow groundwater, which were related to human activities, such as aquaculture.
36
Little, Megan E., Michael B. Parsons, Brent A. Law, Timothy G. Milligan, and John N. Smith. "Impact of historical gold mining activities on marine sediments in Wine Harbour, Nova Scotia, Canada." Atlantic Geology 51, no. 1 (December 5, 2015): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.4138/atlgeol.2015.016.
Full textAbstract:
Past investigations at historical gold (Au) districts in Nova Scotia, Canada have identified elevated concentrations of arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) in nearby sediments and waters. These metal(loid)s are derived from erosion of mineralized bedrock, and the disposal of mine tailings into the environment during early operations. The Wine Harbour gold district is located along the eastern shore of Nova Scotia, and produced 1329 kg of Au from 75 581 tonnes of crushed rock from 1862 to 1939.The gold occurs in arsenopyrite-bearing quartz-carbonate veins and was extracted using stamp milling and Hg amalgamation. Historical maps document tailings deposits near former stamp mill sites; however, the extent to which these mine wastes influence environmental quality in the adjacent marine environment is uncertain. In this study, we measured metal(loid) concentrations in tailings, marine sediments, and surface waters to assess the lateral and vertical extent of mining-related impacts on Wine Harbour. Chemical analyses of terrestrial and intertidal tailings reveal high concentrations of both As (86–196 000 mg/kg) and Hg (444–320 000 µg/kg). Analyses of marine sediments show a wide range in both As (4–568 mg/kg) and Hg (<5–7430 µg/kg) concentrations. In general, the highest metal(loid) concentrations in sediments were recorded down-gradient of stamp mill sites. Elevated concentrations were also detected in sediments underlying an active mussel aquaculture operation at the western end of the harbour. Results from this study have been used to help assess potential ecosystem and human health risks associated with historical gold mine wastes in the Wine Harbour area.
37
Groudev, Stoyan N., Plamen S. Georgiev, Irena Spasova, and Marina Nicolova. "Bioremediation of Acid Mine Drainage in an Uranium Deposit." Advanced Materials Research 20-21 (July 2007): 248–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.20-21.248.
Full textAbstract:
Acid drainage waters generated in the uranium deposit Curilo, Bulgaria, were treated by means of different passive systems such as natural and constructed wetlands, alkalizing limestone drains, permeable reactive multibarriers and a rock filter, used separately or in different combinations. The waters had a pH in the range of about 2 – 4 and contained radionuclides (uranium, radium), heavy metals (copper, zinc, cadmium, lead, nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese), arsenic and sulphates in concentrations usually much higher than the relevant permissible levels for waters intended for use in agriculture and/or industry. The water flow rate through the individual systems was different and not stable, and varied in the range approximately from 0.02 to 1.5 l/s. Efficient removal of pollutants was achieved by means of these systems during the different climatic seasons, even during the cold winter months at water and ambient temperatures close to 0 oC. The removal was due to different mechanisms but microbial sulphate reduction, biosorption by living and dead plant biomass and chemical neutralization played the main roles.
38
H.M. Selim Reza, A., and Sudip Saha. "The factor analysis of groundwater quality data of the Tista floodplain and the Dharla floodplain, Kurigram, Bangladesh: Siderite dissolution is a source of iron in groundwater." International Journal of Advanced Geosciences 9, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijag.v9i1.31228.
Full textAbstract:
The present research work deals with the hydrochemical nature of the groundwater samples of the Dharla and the Tista River floodplains of Kurigram district, Bangladesh. The mechanism of groundwater chemistry was studied from the Gibbs plot and it can be summarized that precipitation and rock-water interaction are the major factors that influence the groundwater chemistry. The first four factors comprise 83.243% of the total variability of the groundwater samples of the Dharla floodplain aquifer whereas in case of the groundwater of the aquifers of the Tista floodplain first five factors constitute the 81.298% of the total variability of the original data. The study shows the dominance of HCO3-1 in the anionic part of the groundwater. More than 73.68% of the groundwater samples of the aquifers of the Tista floodplain exceed the maximum permissible limit of WHO for arsenic. The groundwater samples from the Tista floodplain especially from some parts of Rajarhat have high concentrations of iron. The first factor of the Dharla floodplain is dominated by iron and HCO3-1 ions which suggests the derivation of iron in the groundwater of the study area from the chemical weathering of siderite (FeCO3).
39
Gomes, Patricia, Teresa Valente, Maria Rosário Costa, Rita Fonseca, Ana Costa, Orquídea Neves, and Filipa Moreno. "Hydrogeochemistry and distribution of potentially toxic elements in a metallogenic province – The Iberian Pyrite Belt, Portugal." E3S Web of Conferences 98 (2019): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199801016.
Full textAbstract:
Contamination by acid drainage is an environmental problem in mineralized regions, especially in the surroundings of sulphide mines. The water rock interaction process involves the oxidative dissolution of sulphides, naturally or by mining activity, that generates acidity which, in turn, produces sulfate, and water pollution by sulphide-hosted metals. The particular geology of the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB) in the southwestern Iberian Peninsula creates the ideal conditions for such water contamination. Different water types were sampled at 28 locations across the entire IBP metallogenetic province. Anions, metals, and arsenic were analysed to assess the influence of acid drainage. The results demonstrate the sulfate nature of waters in the vicinity of mines. Other types of water in the IPB region are mainly mixed chloride and bicarbonate (river and groundwater) and mixed and sodium-bicarbonate (lakes) types. Water quality assessment indicated strong contamination of surface waters that are directly influenced by mine wastes. There is the additional concern that some lakes and groundwaters exhibit concentrations of potentially toxic elements (e.g. Al, As) that are above the regulatory limits established by the European Commission Water Framework Directive.
40
Stojanovic, Zorica, Jaroslava Svarc-Gajic, Marika Djordjevic, Nada Grahovac, Jovica Vasin, Ana Djurovic, and Snezana Kravic. "Study on the quality of ground, spring and river waters in south-east Serbia." Chemical Industry 69, no. 2 (2015): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind131115033s.
Full textAbstract:
The study deals with mineral characterization of natural waters from South-East Serbia. The contents of aluminium, arsenic, calcium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, cooper, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, nickel, lead and zinc were analysed in spring, ground and river waters by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) technique. The study area was in the Southern Serbia, and included slopes of Rtanj, Ozren, Bukovik, Vrdenik and Cemernik mountains, and the valley of South Morava. Obtained contents were compared with Serbian regulations on the quality of water for human use, and directive of World Health Organization (WHO) for maximum allowed concentrations of chemical substances. High contents of macro-elements, namely calcium, magnesium and potassium, were detected in several spring and ground water samples which are believed to be due to direct influence of rock minerals. Some water samples contained iron, manganese and copper in concentration up to 84.2 ?g dm-3, 8.10 ?g dm-3 and 14.9 ?g dm-3, respectively, but within the permissible limits. Other heavy metals were not detected in analysed samples. Based on the derived results, tested ground and spring water samples have significant potential to be used as sources for the production of bottled water, but further investigations are necessary. Additional investigations have to be focused on complete physical, chemical and microbiological assessments of water resources. Systematic hydrogeological assessment also should be performed in all seasons. In the meantime, precautionary measures should be immediately taken to protect and preserve these water resources.
41
Neamtiu, Iulia A., Souhail R. Al-Abed, John L. McKernan, Calin L. Baciu, Eugen S. Gurzau, Anca O. Pogacean, and Scott M. Bessler. "Metal contamination in environmental media in residential areas around Romanian mining sites." Reviews on Environmental Health 32, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2017): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2016-0033.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Hard-rock mining for metals, such as gold, silver, copper, zinc, iron and others, is recognized to have a significant impact on the environmental media, soil and water, in particular. Toxic contaminants released from mine waste to surface water and groundwater is the primary concern, but human exposure to soil contaminants either directly, via inhalation of airborne dust particles, or indirectly, via food chain (ingestion of animal products and/or vegetables grown in contaminated areas), is also, significant. In this research, we analyzed data collected in 2007, as part of a larger environmental study performed in the Rosia Montana area in Transylvania, to provide the Romanian governmental authorities with data on the levels of metal contamination in environmental media from this historical mining area. The data were also considered in policy decision to address mining-related environmental concerns in the area. We examined soil and water data collected from residential areas near the mining sites to determine relationships among metals analyzed in these different environmental media, using the correlation procedure in the SAS statistical software. Results for residential soil and water analysis indicate that the average values for arsenic (As) (85 mg/kg), cadmium (Cd) (3.2 mg/kg), mercury (Hg) (2.3 mg/kg) and lead (Pb) (92 mg/kg) exceeded the Romanian regulatory exposure levels [the intervention thresholds for residential soil in case of As (25 mg/kg) and Hg (2 mg/kg), and the alert thresholds in case of Pb (50 mg/kg) and Cd (3 mg/kg)]. Average metal concentrations in drinking water did not exceed the maximum contaminant level (MCL) imposed by the Romanian legislation, but high metal concentrations were found in surface water from Rosia creek, downstream from the former mining area.
42
Olatuyi, S. O., and L. A. Leskiw. "Evaluation of soil reclamation techniques at the Key Lake uranium mine." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 95, no. 2 (May 2015): 153–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss-2014-084.
Full textAbstract:
Olatuyi, S. O. and Leskiw, L. A. 2015. Evaluation of soil reclamation techniques at the Key Lake uranium mine. Can. J. Soil Sci. 95: 153–176. Adequate soil nutrients and water supply are critical to vegetation establishment and creation of sustainable ecosystems in post-disturbed mining sites. This study investigated effects of various amendments and capping techniques on soil quality and moisture distribution on a reclaimed waste rock pile at the Key Lake uranium mine in northern Saskatchewan, Canada. Soil profiles were reconstructed in 2010 using locally available sandy glacial materials to create soil covers of 1 m thickness. The reclamation treatments consisted of a Control plot, commercial peat (Peat), a local lake sediment (Sediment), underlying flax straw (Straw), mulched forest floor and Ae (LFH), fertilizer (NPK), manure pellets (Pellets), and a demonstration plot (Demo) comprised of Sediment, LFH and Pellets. Soil amendments were applied by various techniques as broadcast, surface incorporation, below the surface or surface mounding. Annual plot monitoring was conducted from 2011 to 2013 and soil samples were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), available nutrients, cation exchange capacity (CEC), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and regulated metals. Volumetric moisture contents were measured periodically to examine soil moisture response to growing-season precipitation. In 2013, the topsoil of the Control plot was slightly acidic (pH of 6.3) while the Sediment and Demo plots had the lowest pH of 4.0. The EC and SAR values were below 1.0 in all treatment plots. The highest levels of available N, TN, TOC and CEC were in the Sediment and Demo plots, followed by the Peat. The concentration of arsenic exceeded the regulatory limit by 3.4- and 2.6-fold in the Sediment and Demo topsoil, respectively, while concentrations of other metals were below the limits in all treatment plots. The Sediment and Demo treatments were most effective in retaining water in the topsoil, while application of soil amendment by mounding enhanced infiltration and water transmission in the profile. In terms of soil fertility and moisture storage, the combination of organic amendments in multi-layers plus surface mounding, as in the Demo plot, is the most promising capping technique for restoring soil health, vegetative cover and ecosystem functions on the waste rock pile.
43
Costa, Raphael de Vicq Ferreira da, Mariangela Garcia Praça Leite, Fellipe Pinheiro Chagas Mendonça, and Hermínio Arias Nalini Jr. "Geochemical mapping of arsenic in surface waters and stream sediments of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Brazil." Rem: Revista Escola de Minas 68, no. 1 (March 2015): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0370-44672015680077.
Full textAbstract:
A regional study on the arsenic concentration in surface waters and stream sediments, with a density of one sample every 13 km2, was carried out for the first time in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero (Brazil). The region was divided into 3rd order catchment basins, in which 512 areas were sampled. The arsenic concentration was determined in waters and stream sediments after partial digestion with the aid of ICP-OES. The arsenic values found in surface waters ranged from 57.70 to 414 µg.L-1, while for stream sediments, arsenic concentrations ranged from 0.63 to 1691 mg.kg-1, and from the 512 sampling points, 135 (26%) had arsenic concentrations above the limit of detection, which was 0.63 mg.kg-1. It was also found that 106 3rd order catchment basins had values above the third quartile, (5.09 mg.kg-1). The results show that high concentrations of this element are strongly related to the presence of Nova Lima rocks that contain minerals rich in arsenic. However, the anthropogenic influence in such high concentrations cannot be ruled out, as the region has a history of over 300 years of gold mining.
44
Poznanovic, Maja, Ljiljana Popovic, Tanja Petrovic-Pantic, Darko Spahic, and Goran Marinkovic. "The occurrence and evolution of arsenic in aquifers of the Avala volcanic complex (outskirts of Belgrade, Serbia)." Annales g?ologiques de la Peninsule balkanique 81, no. 2 (2020): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gabp200517007p.
Full textAbstract:
Avala Mountain is accommodated 15 km southward from the city of Belgrade and extends over the area of about 10 km2. Avala Mountain is a cultural and historical heritage of Belgrade qualified by the Law on Environmental protection. The area is abundant with water springs that have been exploited by tourist facilities and local population. By analyzing groundwater sampled from several springs and wells located in a vicinity of the Avala magmatic entity here we study the occurrence, concentration and origin of arsenic pollutant. The investigated springs are accommodated within the faulted complex of Mesozoic carbonate and clastic sediments, serpentinite, further intruded by the Tertiary magmatic rocks. By using the concentrations of the major and minor components(e.g. Cr, Ni, Fe, Mn) in groundwater, the relationship between groundwater and local lithostratigraphic units is outlined. Chemical analysis of the investigated waters shows that arsenic concentration in groundwater of the investigated area is in range from 3.0 to 102.0 ?g/l. Arsenic concentrations over the maximum allowed value in drinking water (10 ?g/l) are detected in more than 55% cases. The occurrence of arsenic in groundwater can be attributed to local igneous rocks, i.e. to the process of oxidation of sulphide minerals with As (major or minor presence) ? primarily arsenopyrite or pyrite. Groundwater with higher concentration of arsenic (above10 ?g/l) is exploited as drinking water used by tourists and by local population. Along term use of the water with high concentration of arsenic impose a major health risk.
45
Radomskaya, V. I., S. M. Radomskiy, A. S. Segrenev, and S. Y. Kulik. "Contamination of the Dzheltulak-1 river basin under alluvial gold mining (the Amur region)." Earth sciences and subsoil use 44, no. 4 (December 28, 2021): 471–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2686-9993-2021-44-4-471-484.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the introduced research is to study the environmental impact of placer gold mining. The object of the study is natural and natural-man-made geosystems of the Dzheltulak-1 river located in the Amur region. The content of the main cations and microelements in water samples was determined by atomic emission and mass spectral methods. The content of micro- and rock-forming elements in bottom sediments and soils was determined by X-ray fluorescence using XRF-1800 X-ray spectrometer (Shimadzu, Japan). The results of the conducted studies indicate that the contents of iron, manganese, copper, aluminum, vanadium, molybdenum, mercury and ammonium ions exceed commercial fishery standards in a significant part of the surface water samples. It is found out that settlement ponds negatively affect the water quality in the river Dzheltulak-1 downstream due to the dam drainage. The highest concentrations of dissolved forms of mercury were noted in the water of the settlement ponds. The gross content of arsenic in the samples of bottom sediments and soils exceeds sanitary and hygienic standards by 2.7–14.5 times. The distributions of mercury as the most dangerous pollutant among the biogenic components of geochemical landscape were worked out in detail. Mercury contamination of soils was classified according to the forms of mercury occurrence: free, physically sorbed, chemisorbed, sulfide and isomorphic. It has been shown that the free form is characteristic of fresh mercury contamination due to the use of prohibited technological schemes for gold-bearing sands separation by the amalgamation method.
46
Takai, Atsushi, Yusuke Iwata, Lincoln W. Gathuka, and Takeshi Katsumi. "Laboratory tests on arsenic leaching from excavated shale rock by elevated temperatures." E3S Web of Conferences 205 (2020): 09006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020509006.
Full textAbstract:
This manuscript focuses on the leaching of geogenic arsenic (As) from shale rock at different temperatures. In Japan, the utilisation of geogenic contaminated soils and rocks for construction such as in embankment is much encouraged. Therefore, when applying thermally active geo-systems such as thermal energy storage and ground-source heat pump, which are associated with ground temperature changes, we need to know its impact on the leaching behaviour of such contaminated geomaterials. In this study, the leaching of chemicals from an excavated shale rock containing geogenic As was assessed using a shaking and non-shaking batch test. In those experiments, different temperatures up to 40 ºC and contact times ranging from 6–360 h were employed. Overall, it was found out that more As was leached with elevated temperatures and its concentration was notably higher under the non-shaking condition. Further, under the non-shaking condition, its concentration was highest at 40 ºC with contact time of 360 h, whereby ca. 0.06 mg/L As was leached, which is 6 times the permissible limit of 0.01 mg/L in Japan.
47
Islam, S. M. N., S. H. Rahman, D. A. Chowdhury, M. M. Rahman, and S. M. Tareq. "Seasonal Variations of Arsenic in the Ganges and Brahmaputra River, Bangladesh." Journal of Scientific Research 4, no. 1 (December 23, 2011): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i1.7820.
Full textAbstract:
Dissolved arsenic concentrations in the Ganges, Brahmaputra Rivers and confluence of these two rivers show important seasonal variations and maximum arsenic concentrations are observed during the monsoon season (July–October). These seasonal variations of dissolved arsenic concentrations were closely related to intense river-water discharge during the monsoon season with high arsenic-rich suspended particulate matter (SPM) loads. These arsenic-rich SPM mainly are primarily originated from erosion of agricultural land in upstream region irrigated with arsenic contaminated shallow groundwater and to some extent weathering of bed rocks. Considerable amount of iron and manganese enriched SPM adsorbs arsenic and increased water temperature in the summer accelerates microbially-mediated reduction of arsenic (V) to more soluble arsenic (III). Additionally, dissolution of solid arsenic-bearing mineral phases also attributes to high arsenic concentrations in water and causes seasonal variations. It is realized that the SPM of these two major rivers primarily controls the arsenic inputs into the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna delta system. The cycling of arsenic in this delta is related to the monsoon seasonal dynamics, land use patterns and biogeochemical processes.Keywords: Arsenic; Ganges; Brahmaputra; Seasonal variation; Bangladesh.© 2012 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i1.7820J. Sci. Res. 4 (1), 65-75 (2012)
48
Alexakis, D., and D. Gamvroula. "Arsenic, Chromium, and Other Potentially Toxic Elements in the Rocks and Sediments of Oropos-Kalamos Basin, Attica, Greece." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/718534.
Full textAbstract:
Rocks and sediments are non-anthropogenic sources of elements contamination. In this study, a series of potentially toxic elements were quantified in rocks and sediments of the Oropos-Kalamos basin. Only As, Hg, Pb, and Sb contents, in all the examined rocks and sediments, were higher than the levels given in international literature. Concentration of the elements As, Cr, Hg, Mo, Ni, and U is highly elevated in the lignite compared to crustal element averages. The enrichment of Cr and Ni in the lignite can be attributed to the known ultramafic rock masses surrounding the basin, while enrichment of As, Hg, Mo, Sb, and U is associated with the past geothermal activity of the Upper Miocene (about 15 million years ago). Nickel and Cr were transported into the lignite deposition basin by rivers and streams draining ultramafic rock bodies. The results of this study imply the natural source of Cr3+and Cr6+contamination of the Oropos-Kalamos groundwater, since high Cr contents were also recorded in the lignite (212.3 mg kg−1), chromiferous iron ore occurrences (256.6 mg kg−1), and alluvial deposits (212.5 mg kg−1), indicating Cr leaching and transportation to the depositional basin dating from the Upper Miocene age.
49
Wu, Tengfei, Jeremy Boak, and Justin Birdwell. "Geochemical studies of the Green River Formation in the Piceance Basin, Colorado." Geosites 50 (September 1, 2022): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31711/ugap.v50i.115.
Full textAbstract:
Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was applied to a geochemical dataset representing the Eocene Green River Formation in the Piceance Basin of Colorado to identify chemofacies in core and outcrop samples from the basin margin and the basin center. The input dataset consisted of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and mass spectrometry and total organic carbon (TOC) content analyses of 186 basin margin outcrop samples and 190 basin center core samples discussed in Part 1 of this study (this volume). TOC values and twenty-five major and trace elements were used as variables to define statistical clusters of samples for the overall dataset, for the two basin center cores, and for each separate core or outcrop dataset by HCA applying Euclidean distance and Ward’s method algorithms. For each dataset, five cluster-defined chemofacies were identified. The chemofacies for each dataset show chemical affinities with five informally defined rock types– mudstone, marlstone, carbonate-rich mudstone, siliciclastic-rich mudstone/siltstone/sandstone, and Na-rich (saline) mudstone, with each showing variations in TOC content and abundance of redox sensitive minor and trace elements. A close relationship between enrichment of redox sensitive elements, particularly As and Mo, and TOC is identified in the basin center. Whereas enrichment factors (relative to average shale) are relatively low for many Period IV (PIV) transition metals, as discussed in Part 1 of this study, their consistent coherence in enrichment or depletion in HCA-defined chemofacies demonstrates the expected relationship between redox state and organic richness. Enrichment in PIV transition metals also shows a correlation to enrichment in elements with affinity for siliciclastic sediment. Enrichment/depletion among several groups of redox indicators is not everywhere consistent, with some chemofacies showing, for example, enrichment of PIV transition metals and depletion of sulfur and arsenic. Early timing of saline conditions in the basin margin is clearly displayed in the chemofacies log display, consistent with observations based on geochemical interpretations of concentrations and elemental ratios discussed in Part 1. Overall, the chemofacies are consistent with major mineralogical units and lake history stages defined in previous work, but provide more detail on the fluctuations in lake chemistry that occurred during deposition of Green River oil shale in the Piceance Basin.
50
Amanambu, Amobichukwu Chukwudi, and Christiana Ndidi Egbinola. "Geogenic contamination of groundwater in shallow aquifers in Ibadan, south-west Nigeria." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 26, no. 3 (April 13, 2015): 327–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-12-2013-0135.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the presence of geogenic contaminants in groundwater from shallow aquifers of the crystalline basement complex rocks of Ibadan south-western, Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 30 drinking water samples, (six samples each from the five major lithologic formations of the study area) were collected from hand dug wells during the rainy season. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to determine concentrations of arsenic, iron and fluoride in drinking water samples and also concentrations of other chemical parameters that could affect the concentrations of the geogenic contaminants including pH, Ca, Mg, Na and SO42−. Descriptive statistics, multiple correlation and analysis of variance were used to examine the relationship between the geogenic contaminants and concentration of other chemical parameters while inverse distance weighting was used to produce risk maps. Findings – The results showed Arsenic concentration exceeding the WHO recommended concentration for drinking water in all the samples within the area. Samples from 16.6 per cent of the wells exceeded the recommended limit for fluoride while iron was present in most of the samples within acceptable limits. The study also revealed no significant difference in concentration of contaminants between the geologic formations. Originality/value – Geogenic contamination has been scarcely studied in Nigeria. This research, therefore, is a paradigm shift in the study of groundwater contamination which had been mainly focused on anthropogenic contaminants. The outcome of this research will engender policy makers and researchers to pay more attention to geogenic contamination than anthropogenic contaminants in Nigeria.