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Academic literature on the topic 'Rock and Pillar Range'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Rock and Pillar Range"

Xu, Qingyun, Jian-Biao Bai, Shuai Yan, Rui Wang, and Shaoxu Wu. "Numerical Study on Soft Coal Pillar Stability in an Island Longwall Panel." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (January 29, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8831778.

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Roadway support and management of longwall panels in an island soft coal panel are always difficult work. In a test mine, stress distribution, deformation characteristic, and plastic zone distribution around the roadway and coal pillars in the development and mining periods were investigated with respect to the widths of different coal pillars using theoretical and simulation methods. The most reasonable width of coal pillars was comprehensively determined, and the field test was conducted successfully. The results show that a reasonable width of coal pillars is 7.0–8.2 m using the analytical method. The distribution of vertical stress in the coal pillars showed an asymmetric “double-hump” shape, in which the range of abutment pressure was about 26.0–43.0 m, and the roadway should be laid away from stress concentration. When the coal pillar width is 5.0–7.0 m, deformation of the roadway is half that with 8.0–10.0 m coal pillar in the development and mining period. The plastic zone in the surrounding rock firstly decreases and increases with increasing coal pillar width; the smallest range occurs with a coal pillar width of 5.0 m. Finally, a reasonable width for coal pillars in an island panel was determined to be 5.0 m. Industrial practice indicated that a coal pillar width of 5.0 m efficiently controlled deformation of the surrounding rock, which was an important basis for choosing the width of coal pillars around gob-side entries in island longwall panels with similar geological conditions.

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Zhang, Ming, Chen Cao, and Bingjie Huo. "Ground Stress Distribution and Dynamic Pressure Development of Shallow Buried Coal Seam Underlying Adjacent Room Gobs." Shock and Vibration 2021 (August 6, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8812933.

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The condition of the coal pillars remained in the room-and-pillar gobs is complicated. The stresses loaded on the pillar floor may be transmitted and overlapped. It changes the stress environment of the lower coal seam roof, leading abnormal periodic weighting. In the procedure of coal seam 3−1 mining in the Huoluowan Coal Mine, the ground stress is high while the working face passing through the room pillars of overlying coal seam 2−2, leading to hydraulic shield being broken. In this paper, theoretical analysis, numerical calculation, and similar material simulation were used to analyse the stress environment of lower seam and the effect of coal pillars remained in close-distanced upper seam. The stress transfer model was established for the room pillars of coal seam 2−2, and the stress distribution of underlying strata was obtained based on theoretical analysis. The joint action of dynamic pressure of high stress-coal pillar with movement of overlying rock strata in the working face 3−1 under the coal pillar was revealed. The results showed that the horizontal stress and vertical stress under the large coal pillar of the room gob in coal seam 2−2 were high, being from 9.7 to 15.3 MPa. The influencing depth of vertical stress ranged from 42 m to 58 m. The influencing depth of horizontal stress ranged from 10 to 23 m. The influencing range of the shear stress was from 25 to 50 m. When the working face 3−1 was mined below the coal pillar of 20 m or 50 m, abutment pressure was relatively high. The stress concentration coefficient reached 4.44–5.00. The dynamic pressure of the working face was induced by the stress overlying of the upper and lower coal seams, instability of the inverted trapezoid rock pillar above the coal pillar, and collapsing movement of the roof. The studying results were beneficial for guiding the safety mining of the coal seam 3−1 in the Huoluowan Coal Mine.

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Le Quang, Phuc, Vladimir Zubov, and Thang Pham Duc. "Design a Reasonable Width of Coal Pillar Using a Numerical Model. A case study of Khe Cham basin, Vietnam." E3S Web of Conferences 174 (2020): 01043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017401043.

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Problems in surrounding rock displacement, roadway deformation and complex support are the hallmarks of the long wall mining system. Such problems seriously affect the safety and efficient production of coal mines. To control the deformation of the rocks around the roadway next to the goaf, to reduce the support pressure, in Vietnamese underground mines often leave supporting coal pillars. Identification of a reasonable design for roadway supporting pillars by a numerical simulation study was conducted under the geological and technical foundation of I-10- 2 working faces at the Khe Cham coal mine, Vietnam . The characteristics of stress and pressure distribution of roof layers on coal pillars are modeled under different pillar widths. The results show a great linear increase of the vertical stress on the narrow coal pillar and as the width of the coal pillar increases, the area of the elastic core area also increases and the level of stress increase tends to be stable without any apparent uptrend. Coal pillar deformation decreases with increasing coal pillar width, but it leads to large coal loss and waste of resources. Therefore, with the current supporting solutions to increase the stability of the coal pillar, the size range of a coal pillar is determined to be 6-8 m through numerical simulation. The conclusions obtained may provide a certain reference number to choose the logical location of the furnace lines under similar geological conditions.

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Zhou, Zong Hong, Ke Peng Hou, and Feng Yu Ren. "Numerical Simulation of Ground Pressure Activity Caused by Orebody Mining under Road." Advanced Materials Research 462 (February 2012): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.462.407.

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There is the Jinggu-Minle road to cross through the No. 3 ore clusters in Songjiapo copper mine. The surface ground deformation and strata movement caused by underground mining will threaten the road transportation safety, which doesn’t allow collapse. Using numerical simulation method, the ground pressure activity and deformation, movement mechanism of strata were analyzed under different mining methods. Moreover, some control measures such as reserving insulating pillar and point pillars were put forward to maintain the stability of mined-out areas and the surface road. An optimal mining scheme was recommended. The results showed that the mining process of No. 3 ore clusters can’t cause direct failure to road, and the failure of hanging wall rock will have indirect influence to the road with the lapse of time. Reserving the insulating pillar, top pillar and point pillars can effectively reduce the plastic area range of hanging wall and strata failure in the mining process. The results can provide theoretical basis for the actual mining design and rock strata control.

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Sun, Binyang, Pingsong Zhang, and Haifeng Lu. "Study on Reasonable Size of Coal and Rock Pillar in Dynamic Pressure Roadway Segment of Fully Mechanized Face in Deep Shaft." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (October 10, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8822175.

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The deformation mechanism of the protective coal and rock pillar area outside a stope is an important parameter for setting a reasonable size. In this paper, based on the geological condition of working face 1231(1) in a mine in Huainan, a method that combines the use of a borehole and Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry (BOTDR) was proposed to analyze the stress variation laws of coal and rock pillar areas, and the parameters of the monitoring borehole and installation technique of the sensing optical cables were designed. Based on the monitoring data, the strain distribution characteristics of the sensing optical cables and their relationship with the rock strata were analyzed, the development law of coal and rock strata deformation during the mining process was revealed, and the transverse influence range of the coal and rock pillar affected by mining was reasonably divided. According to the results, the sensing optical cables show an overall trend of tensile strain, with a maximum value of 1800 με, and the main areas of rock strata deformation occur near the interface of rock strata. The range of rock strata disturbance along the borehole direction was approximately 38 m, and the maximum deformation of rock strata after the disturbance, namely, the displacement, was 24.87 mm. A numerical model was constructed to acquire the strain variation characteristic within 100 m in the outer floor of the working face. The transverse range of the floor disturbance was analyzed to be 30–36 m. The field test had good correspondence with the numerical simulation results, which indicates that the optical fiber testing technology can effectively describe the stress variation in the coal and rock strata. The test results can provide technical support for the rational setting of coal and rock pillars and disaster prevention and control. The research direction of deep rock mass testing is discussed, and optical fiber testing in boreholes is considered an effective method for studying deep dynamic disaster control.

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Zhang, Hai Bo, and Ya Jie Chen. "Study on the Mechanism of Backfill and Surrounding Rock of Open Stope during Subsequent Backfill Mining." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 452–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.452.

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In order to analyze the mechanism of backfill and surrounding rock of open stope during subsequent backfill mining, take M1 ore body mining in a mine as engineering background, and simulate the mechanism of surrounding rock and backfill by using FLAC3D numerical software. Results show that the backfill can effectively alleviate or transfer the stress concentration state of the room floor and pillar, apparently restrain the displacement of the cavity plate and pillar, and improve the plasticity distribution range in a limited degree.

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Zhao, Shu Guo, Wei Dong Song, Wen Bin Xu, and Huan Hu Song. "Simulation Study on the Stability of Mining Thin Flat-Grade Iron Ore Body with Hydraulic Support Longwall Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 3706–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.3706.

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This paper proposed hydraulic support longwall method for mining glacis thin orebody. The DaZhuang ore section of Guandian Ore Mining whose orebody in the line of -8＇—-16＇was chosen as the research object. It applied the FLAC numerical simulation method to study the changes of surrounding rock stress in the mining face, displacement and plastic zones, and put forward the changing law of the rock stress, displacement and plastic zones in the mining process. Besides, it proved that the mechanical condition of the roofs changed in different stages. When the distance between pillar and mining face was in the range of 4m—8m, the state was relatively stable, and the pillar and surrounding rocks were in small range of shearing and tensile yield. When distance was 12m, the roof suffered from compression. When it was up to 16m, the roof and bottom rock displayed tension. However，the appreciation of stress changed very little at different stages. The stress concentration circle formed between the top and bottom of the pillar, and the unloading appeared in the top and bottom gap. The nearer to the coal face, the more powerful of stress concentration, and the influence of pillar’s position on stress concentration degree is very little in the front of coal face. The structure would be in stable equilibrium when the distance between single stent and coal face is 12m. In such circumstances, the security of roof would be improved if more stents are added

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Jiang, Li-li, Zeng-qiang Yang, and Gang-wei Li. "Research on the Reasonable Coal Pillar Width and Surrounding Rock Supporting Optimization of Gob-Side Entry under Inclined Seam Condition." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (May 19, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7145821.

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In order to study the optimal coal pillar width and surrounding rock control mechanism of gob-side entry under inclined seam condition, the 130205 return air entry adjacent to 130203 gob in Yangchangwan No. 1 well is taken as a typical engineering background. By means of engineering background analysis, theoretical analysis based on inside and outside stress field, numerical simulation by FLAC3D software, and in situ industrial test and relevant monitoring methods, the optimal coal pillar width and surrounding rock control technology are obtained. The results show that the influence range of inside stress field is about 12.2∼12.8 m based on theoretical calculation result; under the influence of 10 m coal column, the overall deformation of the roadway is relatively small and within the reasonable range of engineering construction, so the width of the coal pillar along the return air roadway is set to 10 m which is more reasonable; the cross-section characteristics of special-shaped roadway lead to asymmetric stress distribution and fragmentation of surrounding rock, and then the asymmetric surrounding rock control technology under the coupling effect of roof prestressed anchor + high-strength single anchor cable + truss anchor cable support is proposed. The monitoring results of this support method are effective for the maintenance of gob-side entry, and the study conclusions provide new guidance for the surrounding rock control mechanism of gob-side entry under inclined seam conditions.

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He, Fulian, Zheng Zheng, Hengzhong Zhu, and Bo Yang. "Research on Failure Mechanism and Strengthening of Broken Roadway Affected by Upper Coal Pillar." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (April 1, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8132817.

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The principal stress difference is introduced as a new evaluation index in order to better understand the failure mechanism of roadways affected by upper coal pillars and characterize failure of rock mass. Compared with traditional methods, it facilitates quantitative analysis. Moreover, we combine the semiplane theory and we obtain the stress distribution on the coal pillar’s bedrock and the strengthening control area from the “change point” position along a 21 m horizontal line. The influence of multiple stresses induced from mining on a roadway is analyzed. It is found that rock failure is most likely while mining the 051606 working face, followed by mining the 051604 working face, and the stress influence on the upper pillar has the lowest failure probability. In addition, based on the asymmetry of the surrounding rock stress distribution, this study proposes strengthening control technology of surrounding rock on the basis of a highly stressed bolting support and anchor cable, adding to the steel ladder beam, steel mesh, and shed support’s protective function to the roadway’s roof and ribs. Finally, through field observations, it is concluded that the roadway deformation is within the controllable range.

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Skrzypkowski, Krzysztof. "Decreasing Mining Losses for the Room and Pillar Method by Replacing the Inter-Room Pillars by the Construction of Wooden Cribs Filled with Waste Rocks." Energies 13, no. 14 (July 10, 2020): 3564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143564.

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The article presents methods of securing mining excavations using wooden cribs. For the underground room and pillar method used to excavate zinc and lead ore body in the Olkusz-Pomorzany mine in Poland, model tests for the replacement of rock pillars by wooden cribs are presented. In the first stage of research, the results of laboratory strength tests carried out on models of four-point, six-point and eight-point cribs made of wooden beech beams at a 1:28 scale arranged horizontally were determined. For the first time, a concave round notch connection was used to connect the beams of the wooden cribs. The maximal capacity of cribs consisting only of beams and filled with waste rocks taken from underground mining excavations was determined. In addition, the vertical deformations of the cribs at maximal loading force and their specific deformations are presented. Additionally, on the basis of load-displacement characteristics, the range in variability of the stiffness of empty cribs and those filled with waste rocks was calculated as a function of their compressibility. In the second stage of research, the room and pillar method was designed in the Phase2 numerical program. The aim of the study was to determine the stresses in the inter-room pillars. Based on the results of laboratory and numerical tests, a factor of safety was determined, indicating that it is possible to reduce mining losses while maintaining the safe exploitation conditions of the ore body.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rock and Pillar Range"

Rate, Stephen R., and n/a. "Invertebrate diversity and vegetation heterogeneity : plant-invertebrate relationships in indigenous New Zealand grasslands." University of Otago. Department of Botany, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20061025.144447.

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Spatial heterogeneity of the environment, as measured by floral diversity, composition and structure, is known to influence the distribution and diversity of invertebrates. Heterogeneity brought about by anthropogenic disturbance may be a threat to invertebrate diversity. This thesis investigates the impacts of vegetation heterogeneity at a range of scales on the diversity of invertebrate populations in modified high-altitude indigenous grasslands on the Rock and Pillar Range, Central Otago. Invertebrates were sampled in and on the edges of snow tussock fragments to assess whether species richness increased systematically with fragment area. Invertebrate composition was poorly related to fragment area, plant composition and environmental variables. Taxon richness, abundance and/or diversity for three invertebrate groups increased as fragment area decreased, perhaps reflecting an influx of species from the surrounding matrix. For snow tussock leaf invertebrates in autumn, richness and abundance were at least two times lower in tussocks exposed to the wind than those in the centre of fragments, suggesting selection of habitat may be based on microclimatic characteristics. Invertebrates were sampled from the bases of tussocks after they were clipped to simulate three levels of vertebrate grazing. Invertebrate community composition differed between sites and sampling dates but was unaffected by clipping treatment. At the higher altitude site invertebrate abundance was 1.45 times greater and Shannon-Wiener diversity (H�) 1.22 times lower than at the lower altitude site. The latter sampling date had higher abundance (2.12 times) and taxon richness (1.14 times) than the earlier date. Pitfall-trapped invertebrates in cushionfield, herbfield and snow tussock differed in community composition and often by taxon richness, abundance and diversity. Across habitats, plant composition, plant diversity and some environmental variables were correlated with invertebrate variables, but could not be separated from vegetation type. The invertebrates collected in the course of the study are listed. Four Phyla, eight Classes, 24 orders and over 300 taxa were recorded. Almost all taxa are endemic and many have limited distributions and/or are undescribed. A species list is provided with collection altitude, method and habitat type. Invertebrate assemblages from sites differing in altitude, vegetation type and level of habitat modification on the Rock and Pillar Range are compared. Sites differed in species composition and rank orders of abundance and richness. At lower elevations, invertebrate richness was at least 25% less, and standardised trap abundance at least 44% less, than that at the highest elevation. Richness and abundance of exotic invertebrates decreased with increasing altitude. This thesis highlights several points concerning the study of grassland invertebrates and heterogeneity on the Rock and Pillar Range. First, there are differences in invertebrate assemblages at a range of scales. Conserving invertebrate diversity will therefore require altitudinal sequences and different habitat types, including disturbed areas. At high elevations, tussock habitat may be disproportionately important due to its relative rarity. Second, the effects of disturbance on invertebrates were only visible at large spatial scales. Third, there is a paucity of research on New Zealand invertebrates, especially in regard to terrestrial disturbance, which has resulted in a shortfall of biological, distributional, taxonomic and ecological knowledge.

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Lönnies, Viktor. "Evaluation of roof-pillar interface and its effect on pillar stability in mine #101." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Geoteknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-62105.

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The company Rio Deserto is currently mining the famous Barro Branco coal seam in the state of Santa Catarina located in the south of Brazil. One of their coal mines, #101, is experiencing problems related to the pillars in one panel. The coal seam is slightly inclined and several pillars have developed damages on the down-slope side with focus in the top corner. Damage inspections revealed a thin clay layer located between the coal pillar and the overlying siltstone. The clay layer is believed to affect the pillar strength and possibly be a source for the observed damages. Aim of this report has been to evaluate different theories behind the damages, focusing on the clay interface using numerical modelling with FLAC. Using convergence data, a calibration of the model is initially done before evaluating the combination of different interface and coal strength while observing the pillar. In addition is an evaluation of influence from structures such as cleats/joints. The results clearly show that with a small shear displacement (1-4 mm) the pillar damages are almost symmetrical on the up-slope and down-slope side of the pillar. Structures can influence and contribute to non-symmetrical pillar damages although not perfectly matching the field observations. Furthermore, the results show that a forced shear movement (8-25 mm) best reproduce the observed damages. A shear movement along the interface is therefore believed to be source mechanism behind the pillar damages. The forced shearing can potentially be explained by factors not considered in the model such as horizontal stresses, disturbances by mining and presence of water within the clay.

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Taylor, J. A. "Potential stability and subsidence issues arising from abandoned bord-and-pillar coal workings." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275437.

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Eksi, M. "Rock mass characterisation for stability evaluation of room and pillar mine workings." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381206.

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Andersson, J. Christer. "Rock mass response to coupled mechanical thermal loading : Äspö pillar stability experiment, Sweden /." Stockholm : Division of Soil and Rock Mechanics, Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4287.

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Andersson, J. Christer. "Rock Mass Response to Coupled Mechanical Thermal Loading : Äspö Pillar Stability Experiment, Sweden." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Jord- och bergmekanik, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4287.

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The geological disposal of nuclear waste, in underground openings and the long-term performance of these openings demand a detailed understanding of fundamental rock mechanics. A full scale field experiment: Äspö Pillar Stability Experiment was conducted at a depth of 450 m in sparsely fractured granitic rock to examine the rock mass response between two deposition holes. An oval shaped tunnel was excavated parallel to the σ3 direction to provide access to the experiment and also provide elevated stress magnitudes in the floor. In the tunnel floor two 1.75-m diameter 6-m deep boreholes were excavated so that a 1-m thick pillar was created between them. In one of the holes a confinement pressure of 700 kPa was applied and in the other displacement transducers were installed. The pillar volume was monitored by an Acoustic Emission System. Spatially distributed thermocouples were used to monitor the temperature development as the pillar was heated by electrical heaters. The excavation-induced stress together with the thermal-induced stress was sufficient to cause the wall of the open borehole to yield. The temperature-induced stress was increased slowly to enable detailed studies of the rock mass yielding process. Once the rock mass loading response was observed, the rock mass was unloaded using a de-stress slotting technique. This thesis focuses on the in-situ study of the rock mass response to coupled mechanical thermal loading and thermal-mechanical unloading. The experiment, its design, monitoring and observations are thoroughly described. An estimate of the yielding strength of the rock mass is presented and compared with laboratory test and results from other rock mass conditions reported elsewhere in the open literature. General conclusions about the effect of the confining pressure and the observations from the unloading of the pillar are also presented. Important findings are that the yielding strength of the rock mass has been successfully determined, low confinement pressures significantly affects the onset of yielding, the primary mode of fracture initiation and propagation is extensional, no significant time dependency of the yielding process was observed. The unloading studies also indicated that what appeared to be shear bands likely was a propagating zone of extensile failure that weakened the rock so that displacements in the shear direction could occur.

QC 20100622

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Raffaldi, Michael J. "Static and Dynamic Discrete Element Modelling of Slender Coal Pillars." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/mng_etds/21.

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Highwall mining is a mining method used in surface coal operations that involves driving a series of parallel entries into the exposed coal seam at the highwall face under an unsupported roof leaving behind a series of long, but very slender coal pillars. Highwall mining often occurs simultaneously with production blasting taking place in other areas of the mine. Although no failures of highwall pillars have been attributed to nearby blasting, numerical modelling presents an inexpensive means of investigating the possible effects of strong ground motion on the stability of these pillars. This thesis documents the development of a discrete element rock mass model and its application to the simulation of both static and fully dynamic highwall pillar simulations. The approach is geared toward parameter analysis and mechanism identification rather than exact prediction. Some conclusions are made regarding the potential effects of blast vibration on highwall coal pillars and general excavations in rock. The limitations of the modelling approach are discussed and suggestions for future research are proposed.

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Cheung, William K. W. (Kwok Wai). "Inferring surface structure of rock piles from range images." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56767.

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This thesis deals with the problem of applying computer vision techniques in an underground mine environment. In particular, the problem of the localization and identification of oversized rock fragments prior to secondary breakage, following the initial drilling and blasting operation is addressed. The strategy employed is based on the methodologies developed for reconstruction and interpretation of range image data. Discrete rock pile images acquired using the NRCC/McGill laser rangefinder were used in this study. The main contribution of this thesis is the complete study of the paradigm which involves: range data acquisition, surface reconstruction, segmentation, and fitting of parametric shape models. The final representation obtained from the model, describing the spatial and geometric properties of each rock fragment and can be used to control an automated rock-breaking mechanism. To support the strategy developed, a number of experimental results at different processing stages are presented.

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Zhang, Chun. "Rock Displacement Measurement by Precise Close Range Photogrammetric System." Kyoto University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/180948.

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Kostecki, Todd. "The Instrumentation of Primary Roof Bolts in a Room-and-Pillar Mine and the Modeling of their Performance." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1120.

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This thesis is directed towards the comparison of active and passive bolts systems to reveal which system shows the most favorable behavior for improved performance, safety and cost. This was achieved through the incorporation of new technologies, field data, numerical modeling and established theories in ground control analysis. All in all, a better understanding of the quasi-static behavior of underground coal mine roofs has been attained. Over the summer of 2010, the Department of Mining and Mineral Resource Engineering at Southern Illinois University Carbondale, in conjunction with Andy Hyett of YieldPoint Inc., Peabody and the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), installed over one hundred and seventy instrumented extensometers, closure meters, shear-meters, passive rebar roof bolts, tension rebar roof bolts, and double lock rebar roof bolts at three coal mines. Two of the three coal mines were room-and-pillar mines and the other a longwall mine. Data was routinely collected over a nine-month period to analyze shearing, dilation, and axial bolt loading occurring within the rock mass, and entry closure occurring between the excavation hanging-wall and foot-wall. Based on bolt loadings, shear, axial behavior and statistical analysis, initial results indicate that active roof bolts do not show superior performance for the added cost. Active bolts seem to show no difference from passive bolts in the initial loading phase either, indicating that tension bleed-off is a concern soon after installation; however, this observation was not captured, as the data loggers were not intrinsically safe. Considering the modeling results, the trends in axial loading seem to be calibrated but the magnitudes are not. Computer modeling also shows the potential to accurately model in situ bolt performance; however, challenges remain in obtaining a good match between numerical modeling and field observations.

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Books on the topic "Rock and Pillar Range"

Round rock range. London: Hale, 1985.

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Canada Centre For Mineral and Energy Technology. Mineral Research Program. Multiple Pillar Compression Failure in Brittle Rock. S.l: s.n, 1985.

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Ruckman, Bret. Rock climbing Utah's Wasatch Range. Helena, Mont: Falcon Pub., 1998.

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Horan, Bob. Colorado Front Range bouldering. Evergreen, Colo: Chockstone Press, 1995.

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Waten, Susan. Rock bee honey harvesting in Saramati range at Kiphire district. Kohima: Nagaland Beekeeping and Honey Mission, 2011.

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Agapito, J. F. T. Pillar stability in large underground openings: Applications from a case study in competent, jointed rock. Golden, Colo: Colorado School of Mines Press, 1986.

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Hinton, Susan A. In-water restoration between Miller Sands and Pillar Rock Island, Columbia River: Environmental surveys, 1992-93. Seattle, WA: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmoospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 1995.

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Dickenson, Stephen E. Predicting scour in weak rock of the Oregon Coast Range: Final report. Salem, OR: Oregon Dept. of Transportation, Research Group, 1999.

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Ortenburger, Leigh N. A climber's guide to the Teton Range. 3rd ed. Seattle, WA: Mountaineers, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rock and Pillar Range"

Ghasemi, Ebrahim. "Pillar design issues in coal mines." In Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 435–77. Leiden, The Netherlands; Boca Raton: CRC Press/Balkema, [2017]– |Includes bibliographical references and index. Contents: volume 1. Principles: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315364223-14.

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Mkwelo, Simphiwe, Frederick Nicolls, and Gerhard de Jager. "Range and Intensity Vision for Rock-Scene Segmentation." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 340–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76725-1_36.

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Li, Lian Chong, Chun An Tang, and P. A. Lindqvist. "Fracture Behavior in a Rock Pillar Subjected to Coupled Thermo-Mechanical Loading." In Fracture and Damage Mechanics V, 443–46. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-413-8.443.

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de Silva, F., and A. Scotto di Santolo. "Post-earthquake Resilience of a Room and Pillar Rock Cavity in Naples." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 299–308. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21359-6_32.

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Jin, Ying. "Spatial Economics, Urban Informatics, and Transport Accessibility." In Urban Informatics, 115–32. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8983-6_8.

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AbstractOne central pillar in the development of urban science which is key to the development of simulation of models of urban structure is spatial econometrics. In this chapter, we outline the way in which ideas pertaining to accessibility which we define conventionally, as in transport economics, as the relative nearness and size of locations to one another, can be embedded in a wider econometric framework. We are thus able to explore how GDP (gross domestic product) of different locations is influenced by different spatial investments. To illustrate this, we first outline the intellectual context, followed by a review of the most relevant econometric models. We examine the data required for such models and look at various quantifications in terms of elasticities of business productivity with respect to transport accessibility, using ordinary least squares, time-series fixed effects, and a range of dynamic panel-data models which narrow down the valid range of estimates. We then show how the model is applied to Guangdong province (with its connections to Hong Kong and Macau), which is one of the three major mega-city regions and a leading adopter of new technologies in China.

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Arbatov, Alexey. "Nuclear Deterrence: A Guarantee for or Threat to Strategic Stability?" In NL ARMS, 65–86. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-419-8_5.

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AbstractIn recent literature, much attention has been paid to factors that affect nuclear deterrence and stability from the outside: new missile defence systems, non-nuclear (conventional) high-precision long-range weapons, the influence of third and threshold nuclear states, space weapons, and—more recently—cyber threats. These new factors have pushed the core of nuclear deterrence—strategic relations between Russia and the United States—to the background in the public consciousness. Yet dangerous changes are taking place. This chapter examines the real and imaginary causes of the current situation and suggests potential ways to reduce tensions that could benefit international security. It concludes that nuclear deterrence can serve as a pillar of international security with one crucial reservation: namely, that it can only work in conjunction with negotiations and agreements on the limitation, reduction, and non-proliferation of nuclear weapons. Without such checks, nuclear deterrence goes berserk. It endlessly fuels the arms race, brings the great powers to the brink of nuclear war in any serious crisis, and sometimes the very dynamics of nuclear deterrence can instigate a confrontation.

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Schiffman, Peter, Russell C. Evarts, Alan E. Williams, and William J. Pickthorn. "Hydrothermal Metamorphism in Oceanic Crust from the Coast Range Ophiolite of California: Fluid-Rock Interaction in a Rifted Island Arc." In Ophiolite Genesis and Evolution of the Oceanic Lithosphere, 399–425. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3358-6_20.

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Collins, Yolanda Ariadne. "Weathering Weather." In Cultural Inquiry, 181–205. Berlin: ICI Berlin Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37050/ci-17_09.

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This chapter argues that paying attention to the weather and its associated processes of geological, biological, and social weathering can destabilize knowledge traditions that insist on dichotomies. Looking to specific histories and current conditions in Guyana and Suriname, this chapter shows how notions of weathering can accommodate a wide range of referents, ranging from the weathering of rock to socio-political and historical afterlives of violent colonial displacements.

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Humair, F., J. L. Epard, M. H. Derron, M. Jaboyedoff, D. Pana, C. Froese, and A. Pedrazzini. "Inventory of Rock Slope Deformations Affecting Folded Sedimentary Layers in Moderate Relief Context: The Case of the Livingstone Range Anticlinorium, AB, Canada." In Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 2, 599–604. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09057-3_99.

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"rock pillar." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 1136. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_183096.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rock and Pillar Range"

Kuijpers, Jan, Dave Roberts, and John Napier. "Modelling of Brittle Pillar Behaviour." In First Southern Hemisphere International Rock Mechanics Symposium. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_repo/808_89.

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Satyendra K, Singh, H. Agrawal, and A. P. Singh. "Rib geomechanics: Its impacts in coal pillar extraction." In Recent Advances in Rock Engineering (RARE 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/rare-16.2016.8.

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Kaiser, Peter, Bo Kim, Rob Bewick, and Benoit Valley. "Rock mass strength at depth and implications for pillar design." In Fifth International Seminar on Deep and High Stress Mining. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_repo/1074_34.

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Nareen, P., M. Mahalakshmi, S. Shasank, K. John, and B. Abhishek. "Stability of pillar between two caverns with dyke intrusion - A case study." In Recent Advances in Rock Engineering (RARE 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/rare-16.2016.37.

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Naidoo, Kumesh, Matthew Handley, and A. Leach. "Applying Numerical Modelling to Pillar Design in South African Mines — An Initial Study." In First Southern Hemisphere International Rock Mechanics Symposium. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_repo/808_112.

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Deng, Jian. "The induced mechanism of pillar rockbursts in deep hard rock mines." In Seventh International Conference on Deep and High Stress Mining. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_rep/1410_49_deng.

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Rizwan, Hasim, Jaiswal Ashok, B. K. Shrivastva, and Jena Satyabdi. "Numerical simulation of roof bolt system during depillaring operations in bord and pillar panel." In Recent Advances in Rock Engineering (RARE 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/rare-16.2016.11.

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Gao, Bing-li. "Influence on the Stability of the Underground Cavity by the Rock Pillar." In 2012 International Conference on Computer Science and Electronics Engineering (ICCSEE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccsee.2012.41.

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Ozsen, Hakan. "ASSESSMENT OF PILLAR DIMENSIONS OF CANKIRI-TURKEY ROCK SALT MINE BY NUMERICAL ANALYSIS." In SGEM2011 11th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference and EXPO. Stef92 Technology, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2011/s03.109.

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Jiang, Donghai, Tongxu Wang, Mingguang Zhang, and Yuanjie Wang. "Research on Surrounding Rock Control Technology of Roadway Excavated in Residual Coal Pillar." In 9th China-Russia Symposium “Coal in the 21st Century: Mining, Intelligent Equipment and Environment Protection". Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/coal-18.2018.20.

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Reports on the topic "Rock and Pillar Range"

Fowler, M. G., and L. R. Snowdon. Rock-Eval/TOC data for seventeen Alberta wells (Township 6-34 Range 14-29W4). Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/212980.

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Fowler, M. G., and L. R. Snowdon. Rock-eval/TOC data for eight central Alberta wells (Township 35-50, Range 6 to 21W5). Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/209888.

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Plint, H. E., and T. M. Gordon. Structural evolution and rock types of the Slide Mountain and Yukon-Tanana terranes in the Campbell Range, southeastern Yukon Territory. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/207405.

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Mull, C. G. Preliminary evaluation of the hydrocarbon source rock potential of the Tingmerkpuk Sandstone (Neocomian) and related rocks, northwestern De Long Mountains, Brooks Range, Alaska. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/1709.

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Zagorevski, A., J. Ryan, C. Roots, and N. Hayward. Ultramafic rock occurrences in the Dawson Range and their implications for the crustal structure of Yukon-Tanana terrane, Yukon (parts of NTS 115I, J and K). Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/290992.

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Kabanov, P., S. Gouwy, P. A. Lawrence, D. J. Weleschuk, and W. C. Chan. Geological and geochemical data from Mackenzie Corridor. Part III: New data on lithofacies, micropaleontology, lithogeochemistry, and Rock-EvalTM pyrolysis from the Devonian Horn River Group in the Mackenzie Plain and Norman Range, Northwest Territories. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/297832.

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Dypvik, Henning, and Tor Bjaerke. XRD and rock-eval analysis of samples from Arctic Alaska, consisting of: North Kalikpik Test Well #1 core samples (6,992.5-7,394.0'), and International Conference on Arctic Margins 29 August - 1 September 1992 field trip about geology of the Brooks Range along the Dalton Highway samples. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/19052.

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Hostetler, Steven, Cathy Whitlock, Bryan Shuman, David Liefert, Charles Wolf Drimal, and Scott Bischke. Greater Yellowstone climate assessment: past, present, and future climate change in greater Yellowstone watersheds. Montana State University, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/gyca2021.

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The Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) is one of the last remaining large and nearly intact temperate ecosystems on Earth (Reese 1984; NPSa undated). GYA was originally defined in the 1970s as the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, which encompassed the minimum range of the grizzly bear (Schullery 1992). The boundary was enlarged through time and now includes about 22 million acres (8.9 million ha) in northwestern Wyoming, south central Montana, and eastern Idaho. Two national parks, five national forests, three wildlife refuges, 20 counties, and state and private lands lie within the GYA boundary. GYA also includes the Wind River Indian Reservation, but the region is the historical home to several Tribal Nations. Federal lands managed by the US Forest Service, the National Park Service, the Bureau of Land Management, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service amount to about 64% (15.5 million acres [6.27 million ha] or 24,200 square miles [62,700 km2]) of the land within the GYA. The federal lands and their associated wildlife, geologic wonders, and recreational opportunities are considered the GYA’s most valuable economic asset. GYA, and especially the national parks, have long been a place for important scientific discoveries, an inspiration for creativity, and an important national and international stage for fundamental discussions about the interactions of humans and nature (e.g., Keiter and Boyce 1991; Pritchard 1999; Schullery 2004; Quammen 2016). Yellowstone National Park, established in 1872 as the world’s first national park, is the heart of the GYA. Grand Teton National Park, created in 1929 and expanded to its present size in 1950, is located south of Yellowstone National Park1 and is dominated by the rugged Teton Range rising from the valley of Jackson Hole. The Gallatin-Custer, Shoshone, Bridger-Teton, Caribou-Targhee, and Beaverhead-Deerlodge national forests encircle the two national parks and include the highest mountain ranges in the region. The National Elk Refuge, Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge, and Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge also lie within GYA.

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Geologic map of the southern Sheep Range, Fossil Ridge, and Castle Rock area, Clark County, Nevada. US Geological Survey, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/i2086.

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Mineral resources of the White Rock Range Wilderness Study Area, Lincoln County, Nevada, and Beaver and Iron counties, Utah. US Geological Survey, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/b1728b.

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