Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Roches salines'
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Boidin, Elie Homand Françoise Thomas Fabien. "Interactions roches/saumures en contexte d'abandon d'exploitations souterraines de sel." S. l. : INPL, 2007. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2007_BOIDIN_E.pdf.
Rayot, Véronique. "Altérations du centre de l'Australie : rôle des solutions salines dans la genèse des silcrètes et des profils blanchis /." [Fontainebleau] : Adélaïde : Ecole des mines, Centre d'informatique géologique ; CSIRO, Division of soils, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb357014896.
Boidin, Elie. "Interactions roches/saumures en contexte d'abandon d'exploitations souterraines de sel." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL010N/document.
The aim of this study is the understanding of the physico-chemical interactions between saturated brine and the rocks (Marnes Irisées inférieures) enclosing the underground salt workings in Lorraine (eastern France), and also the study of their effect on the mechanical behaviour. A multi-scale study was undertaken, from the mineral scale to the one of a salt working. Whereas anhydrite-rich argillites flake quickly with the presence of saturated brine at the border of solutions cavities, the dolomudstone and massive anhydrite don’t and can constitute the top of cavities for several years. In order to explain this difference, these three lithologies were analysed in terms of mineralogy, micro-texture and porous media. Then, samples of argillites and massive anhydrite were immersed in saturated brines for more than one year. Chemical and microscopic analysis testified the hydration of anhydrite crystals into gypsum. This transformation occurs in a superficial way on massive anhydrite; to the contrary, it is located inside the anhydrite-rich argilites. As this transformation induces a volume increasing of 63%, the anhydrite crystals swell. In saturated brine, the water activity is low enough to prevent the swelling of clays such as smectites. Thus, anhydrite swelling might be the responsible of the argillites splitting in a saturated brine environment. The superficial anhydrite hydration on massive anhydrite can be explained by the low values of connected porosity (less than 1%) for this lithology. This results can explain, in a qualitative way, the dilatant behaviour of argilites samples during creep tests with brine. The bending behaviour of massive anhydrite don’t seem to be affected by the presence of brine for one year or less, probably because of the too low porosity of this lithology
Colas, Estel. "Impact de l'humidité et des solutions salines sur le comportement dimensionnel de grès du Buntsandstein : contribution à la sélection de faciès de restauration." Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIMS031/document.
The aim of this study was to highlight relevant stone parameters on which the durability of Triassic siliceous sandstones could be predicted in order to contribute to the selection of the potential restoration stones in the built heritage and especially on the cathedral of Strasbourg. An experimental comparative study was made on 5 quarry sandstones to discriminate and 2 exposed sandstones from the monument. The two exposed pieces showed opposite weathering behaviors and states of cohesion that could allow a better definition of the parameters involved in the salt weathering of sandstones. The pore structures and the clay coating properties of sandstones underlined the major role of the clay minerals (quantity, nature and specific surface area) in the dilation behavior under humidity variations as well as in hydrodynamical and mechanical behaviors of sandstones. Three types of salt weathering test were carried out on sandstones. The clay-salt interaction was emphasized by the modifications of the dilation behaviors after salt contamination upon salt nature, NaCl or Na2SO4. A classification of stone susceptibility to salt damages had been proposed as well as an index of salt susceptibility of sandstone had been formulated. The mineralogical and mechanical contributions could justify stone susceptibility to salt damage
Sahyouni, Farah Al. "Impact Thermo-Hydro-Bio-Chemio-Mécanique du stockage géologique souterrain de H₂." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0297.
Hydrogen produced from water electrolysis appears to be the best candidate for large- scale geological storage to cover the intermittency of renewable energy. It can be stored either in salt caverns or in porous rocks like saline aquifers and depleted oil and gas reservoirs. This thesis proposes an evaluation of the risk of gas leakage in the case of salt cavities and the risk of biogeochemical alteration of the gas stock in the case of porous reservoir rocks. Rock salt is a polycrystalline material with very low intrinsic permeability in undisturbed zones (around 10-21m2). It sealing capacity is due to the specific features of salt mechanical behavior and gas flow in such unconventional reservoirs (Klinkenberg effect). Deviatoric loading under low confining pressure (1MPa) induces a moderate increase in gas permeability from the dilatancy threshold due to microcracking disturbing the impermeability. So, understanding the complex relationship between permeability evolution and the mechanical and thermal solicitations is important to survey any possible risk of leakage. So, we performed a complete set of laboratory experiments on a rock salt specimen (MDPA in the East region of France). The porosity of the studied rock salt is very low (~1%) and the initial permeability varies over 4.5 orders of magnitude. Klinkenberg effect is only observed for the less damaged samples. The poroelastic coupling is almost negligible. Deviatoric loading under low confining pressure (1MPa) induces a moderate increase in gas permeability from the dilatancy threshold due to microcracking. Measurement of ultrasonic wave velocities during uniaxial compression showed an almost irreversible closure of pre-existing microcracks and the opening of axial microcracks that are perpendicular and parallel to the stress direction allowing a precise determination of the dilatancy threshold. Under higher confining pressure (5MPa), the material becomes fully plastic which practically eliminates damage. Under hydrostatic loading, gas permeability decreases because of the self-healing process. All these results give strong confidence in that underground hydrogen storage in salt caverns is the safest solution. In the case of porous reservoir rocks, hydrogen injection can induce geochemical redox reactions between the fluids and minerals and unwanted consumption of hydrogen stock catalyzed by microorganisms tolerating extreme conditions of deep saline aquifers and reservoirs.To study these phenomena, we developed a new experimental device to simulate the biochemical activity under extreme conditions (T=35°C, PH2=50bar, Pconfinement=200bar). The outflowing gas was automatically sampled with a HP-LP valve and the concentration was measured with a micro-gas chromatograph to quantify any change due to hydrogen bio-consumption. We chose to work on the Vosges sandstone where we incubate the Shewanella putrefaciens bacteria that reduce iron in the presence of hydrogen to produce energy. Its metabolism and performance as hydrogenotrophic bacteria were first tested in batch conditions on a rock powder. Results showed that this type of bacteria can reduce the iron present in the medium using endogenous sources of electrons first then hydrogen in the medium but preferentially dissolved hydrogen. Under triaxial conditions, the bacterial activity doesn’t seem to have a significant impact, whatever the initial hydrogen concentration (70% or 5%) and the sampling frequency (one or three days). Many hypotheses are proposed to explain the observed differences between batch and triaxial conditions: the scarcity of dissolved hydrogen in residual water, the low exchange surface for biogeochemical reactions in the case of solid core samples, the slow kinetic of hydrogen consumption by S. Despite the remaining uncertainties related to our experiments, our preliminary results suggest that the underground storage of pure hydrogen in porous reservoir rocks is not severely threatened by [...]
Mercerat, Enrique Diego. "Sismicité induite et modélisation numérique de l'endommagement dans un contexte salin." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL053N/document.
Within the framework of a research program carried out by the GISOS (Scientific Grouping of Research Interest on the Impact and Safety of Underground Works), the pilot site of Cerville-Buissoncourt (Lorraine, France) was the subject of a large geophysical and geotechnical instrumentation to ensure the monitoring of a salt cavity at 200 m depth, from its stationary state to the final overburden collapse. The main objectives of this work consisted on : 1) the validation of the microseismic monitoring technique in a salt mine environment, and 2) the numerical modelling of the mechanical behavior of the overburden, particularly the initiation and the propagation of microcracks. The analysis of the recorded induced seismicity allowed to characterize the initial state of the cavity in terms of microseismic activity. Two types of events were identified : isolated events corresponding to localized ruptures, and swarms of events, of tens of seconds of duration. According to hypocenter location results, the totality of the recorded seismicity is generated either in the cavity surroundings within the salt layer, or in the marly facies of the current cavity roof. Swarms would be related to delamination of clayley marls in the immediate roof, followed by rock debris falling in the brine filled cavity. The numerical modelling was focused on the possibility of accounting for the damage in the fragile layers of the overburden. We implemented a hybrid geomechanical model of the pilot site which integrates the various geological formations present in the overburden, as well as the initiation, the propagation and the coalescence of microcracks in the stiff layer, using FLAC and PFC2D softwares. The calibration of the discrete PFC2D model to reproduce the tensile behaviour of the stiff layer was numerically checked on the site scale. The validation was based on the comparison, in terms of the elastic response and the damage onset in the stiff layer, between the hybrid approach FLAC-PFC2D and the purely continuous modelling using FLAC. The hybrid model thus defined would be used for back-analysis studies once in-situ measurements, in particular microseismic recordings and deformation data, will be available at Cerville-Buissoncourt
Bresolin, Geovani. "Simulação do comportamento dúctil de rochas salinas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/93678.
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O objetivo da dissertação consiste em investigar o modelo constitutivo, proposto por Yahya, Aubertin e Julien, para rochas salinas, propor um algoritmo implícito e desenvolver um software para a análise do comportamento dúctil de rochas salinas, o qual ocorre nas condições para o desenvolvimento de campos de petróleo em águas profundas. A rocha salina é modelada como sendo um sólido elasto-viscoplástico, sem superfície de escoamento, sujeito a pequenas deformações e deslocamentos. O modelo utiliza variáveis internas ligadas aos fenômenos de endurecimento isotrópico e cinemático. Também incorpora os fenômenos de recuperação estática e dinâmica verificados experimentalmente na resposta de rochas salinas sob carregamentos gerais. A resposta em fluência do material é descrita por uma fase transiente e uma fase estacionária, as quais obedecem a uma regra de fluxo viscoplática, que depende da evolução das variáveis internas. Estas variáveis evoluem com o tempo descrevendo a fluência primária e saturam em um instante posterior possibilitando a descrição da fluência secundária. A evolução das variáveis internas é descrita através da especificação de leis de evolução, as quais são conduzidas por mecanismos que operam concomitantemente, tais como, endurecimento e amolecimento, sendo seus respectivos valores de saturação obtidos por equações dependentes do valor de saturação da tensão equivalente de von Mises, o qual é derivado através de uma equação seno hiperbólico, baseada em leis físicas, que representa o fluxo estacionário do material. Para a discretização das equações de evolução foi utilizado um método incremental implícito. Para a discretização do problema incremental foi aplicado o método de Galerkin conjuntamente com o método dos elementos finitos, utilizando na discretização do domínio geométrico um elemento finito quadrático triangular de seis nós. O software foi desenvolvido em linguagem Fortran orientada a objetos e utilizado na simulação de alguns ensaios mecânicos empregados na identificação das constantes materiais necessárias para a caracterização do modelo de rochas salinas. Dentre os vários ensaios utilizados, foram considerados os ensaios: de resistência à compressão uniaxial e triaxial; de fluência à compressão uniaxial e triaxial; de relaxação e de compressão diametral.
Pabón, Ruiz Yineth Johana. "Estudo bidimensional de cavernas em rochas salinas para armazenamento de gás." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/2015.03.D.18284.
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O armazenamento subterrâneo de gás e petróleo têm dois grandes propósitos: o primeiro deles pretende garantir a produção de petróleo de maneira constante e o segundo satisfazer uma relação ótima entre a produção e a demanda, o que é uma forma importante de regular as flutuações de preços. No Brasil, segundo Costa (2013), o papel da atividade de exploração e produção de gás natural até a década de 90 era muito mais de complementar e auxiliar a produção de petróleo do que de suprir o mercado de gás, mas no momento o setor está passando por mudanças significativas. Ao longo das últimas duas décadas, o consumo e a produção de gás natural cresceram e as reservas provadas aumentaram significativamente. Estudos recentes sugerem que as reservas brasileiras conhecidas irão aumentar ainda mais acentuadamente no futuro. Considerando essas variações de consumo, produção, infraestrutura e as reservas, é pertinente questionar a importância do armazenamento de gás no Brasil, pois atualmente, o gás é produzido e diretamente enviado pela rede de gasodutos para as unidades de tratamento de gás para ser especificado e posteriormente distribuído. A partir da necessidade exposta anteriormente e a espessura e continuidade da camada de sal que compõe as reservas de petróleo do pré-sal, estuda-se o comportamento de fluência da rocha salina composta principalmente por halita como local de construção de cavernas abertas por dissolução no mar aberto, para armazenamento de gás. Este estudo baseou-se na simulação no software de elementos finitos Abaqus da convergência de uma caverna de um diâmetro de 60 m e altura de 150 m construída a 3.500 m de profundidade em mar aberto, para um tempo de operação de 30 anos, sob condições diferentes de temperatura do maciço hospedeiro e pressão interna; através da lei potencial de fluência. Estas simulações permitiram encontrar uma combinação de temperatura e pressão interna mínima ótima para redução no volume ao final de tempo de operação próximo a 20%. Além do anterior os resultados mostram que a influência da temperatura na redução do volume da caverna é do tipo linear e as variações de pressão no interior permite concluir um comportamento parabólico de quarta ordem difícil de ajustar a uma só equação matemática.
Underground oil and gas storage have two purposes: the first one aims to ensure constant oil production and the second one, consist in satisfy an optimum relationship between production and demand, which is an important form to regulate price fluctuations. In Brazil, according to Costa (2013), the role for exploration activity and natural gas production until the 90s was more of a complementary and auxiliary activity for oil production than for supplying the gas market, but nowadays this sector is going through significant changes. Over the past two decades, the consumption and production of natural gas grew, and proved reserves increase significantly. Recent studies suggest that the known Brazilian reserves will increase even more pronounced in the future. Given these changes in consumption, production, infrastructure and reserves it is questionable the importance of gas storage in Brazil, since the gas is produced and sent directly by the pipeline network for gas treatment units to be specified and subsequently distributed. From the need exposed above and the thickness and continuity of the salt layer that composes the oil reserves in the pre-salt, it is studied creep behavior in salt rocks consisting mainly of halite in locations where caverns construction are held by dissolving method, at open sea for gas storage. This study was based on a cavern convergence simulation in the finite element software Abaqus. Cavern dimensions were set up to be of 60 m diameter, and 150 m height at 3.500 m deep at open sea, with an operating time of 30 years, under different conditions of temperature and internal pressure; by potential creep law. Such simulations allowed us to find a good combination of temperature and a minimum optimum internal pressure to decrease volume at the end of the operating time to approximately 20%. In addition to this, results showed that temperature influence in the cavern volume reduction is of linear type and it can be concluded that pressure variations inside the cavern have a fourth order parabolic behavior difficult to adjust to a mathematical equation.
Bresolin, Geovani. "Modelo viscoplástico com dano não local aplicado a rochas salinas sob deformações finitas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2016. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/169082.
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O presente trabalho consiste em propor um modelo constitutivo elastoviscoplástico com dano não local para a análise do comportamento dúctil e frágil de rochas salinas, no âmbito de grandes deformações, e desenvolver um sistema computacional, baseado no método dos elementos finitos, visando à solução de problemas em estado plano de deformações e axissimétricos. A formulação do modelo procede com uma descrição Lagrangeana total e considera as equações constitutivas escritas em termos da medida de deformação de Hencky e da tensão rotacionada de Kirchhoff. A modelagem da resposta dúctil (fluência primária e secundária) é descrita adotando um critério de escoamento de Drucker-Prager e a lei de fluência de Multimecanismos de Deformação (M-D) ou uma versão modificada da lei de Mecanismo Duplo. A descrição da degradação da rocha é baseada em um modelo constitutivo desenvolvido para a análise do comportamento de geomateriais, o qual considera o dano perante deformações volumétricas expansivas e permite estimar o comportamento frágil da rocha. No modelo teórico proposto considera-se, ainda, uma teoria não local de dano baseada na teoria de primeiro gradiente do dano, tendo como objetivo principal reduzir a sensibilidade da malha de elementos finitos na resposta dos problemas. Além disso, propôs-se um método numérico semi-implícito, na formulação incremental do problema, com a finalidade de obter soluções numéricas aproximadas utilizando o método de elementos finitos de Galerkin. A fim de validar o modelo proposto e o código implementado foram simulados numericamente alguns ensaios mecânicos de rochas, além da simulação do comportamento de distintos túneis em formações salinas para fins de avaliação qualitativa das respostas da fluência e do dano. O modelo constitutivo proposto, através do código desenvolvido, forneceu uma representação adequada do comportamento de fluência das rochas salinas e descreveu qualitativamente bem o dano gerado nestas rochas.
Abstract : The objectives of this study were to propose an elasto-viscoplastic constitutive model with non-local damage for the analysis of the ductile and brittle behavior of rock salt under finite strains, and develop a computer system, based on the finite element method, in order to solve plane strain and axisymmetric problems. The model formulation proceeds with a total Lagrangian description and considers the constitutive equations written in terms of the Hencky strain measure and the rotated Kirchhoff stress. The modeling of the ductile response (primary and secondary creep) is described employing the Drucker-Prager yield criterion and the Multi-mechanism Deformation (M-D) model for creep or a modified version of the Double Mechanism creep law. The description of rock degradation is based on a constitutive model developed for the analysis of the behavior of geomaterials, which considers the damage under expansive volumetric strains and allows the brittle behavior of the rock to be estimated. In the proposed theoretical model a non-local damage theory based on the first gradient theory for damage is also considered, mainly in order to reduce the sensitivity of the response of the finite elements mesh to the problems. Moreover, in the incremental formulation of the problem a semi-implicit numerical scheme is proposed, aimed at obtaining approximate numerical solutions using the Galerkin finite element method. In order to validate the proposed model and the code implemented some rock mechanical tests were numerically simulated along with the behavior of different tunnels in saline formations to obtain a qualitative evaluation of creep and damage responses. The proposed constitutive model, through the code developed, provided an acceptable representation of the creep behavior of rock salt and good qualitative description of the damage generated in these rocks.
Araújo, Catarina Nogueira de. "Desenvolvimento de um elemento finito para modelagem do comportamento de poços verticais em rochas salinas." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2012. http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/3504.
FUNDEPES - Fundação Universitária de Desenvolvimento de Extensão e Pesquisa
PRH-ANP - Programa de Recursos Humanos da Agência Nacional do Petróleo
Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um elemento finito axissimétrico para a simulação do comportamento viscoso de rochas salinas durante a perfuração de poços verticais. Baseado na formulação em deslocamento do Método dos Elementos Finitos e utilizando funções de interpolação no formato da solução do problema elástico simplificado, o uso do elemento permite representar com poucos graus de liberdade os fenômenos envolvidos no sistema em questão. A utilização do elemento proposto na modelagem numérica do problema fornece respostas mais precisas e em menos tempo, auxiliando tanto na elaboração de projetos de poços como no acompanhamento de sua execução, em análises de risco e na calibração dos parâmetros viscosos das rochas em situações de escala real. A vantagem de se ter disponível um modelo com poucos graus de liberdade representativo do problema posto é a rapidez com que resultados podem ser obtidos. Para verificação da eficiência do elemento finito proposto são apresentados resultados e comparações com o elemento clássico, com funções de interpolação exclusivamente polinomiais, usualmente utilizado para discretizar esse problema.
Gonçalves, Giancarlo de Gusmão. "Estudo paramétrico da influência da temperatura na análise termomecânica durante a escavação em rochas salinas." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2011. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/403.
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Este trabalho apresenta um estudo paramétrico para avaliar o efeito da temperatura em problemas de perfuração em rochas salinas. Essas rochas possuem deformação lenta e contínua quando submetidas a tensões constantes, fenômeno conhecido como fluência. Com as recentes descobertas de petróleo em grandes profundidades como, por exemplo, no pré-sal, onde as temperaturas são elevadas, o estudo da influência da temperatura se torna relevante, uma vez que contribui para o aumento do fenômeno de fluência. O objetivo desse estudo é a realização de simulações numéricas, através do Método dos Elementos Finitos, utilizando modelos viscoelásticos não lineares e um fraco acoplamento termomecânico para avaliar, através de análises paramétricas, o efeito da temperatura durante a perfuração das rochas salinas. Exemplos numéricos são realizados para validação dos estudos. Mais especificamente, considera-se o problema de escavação de poços para exploração de petróleo abaixo dessas camadas salinas.
José, Minervino da Silva Inaldo. "Implementação via algoritmo implícito de modelos de fluência de rochas salinas em programa de elementos finitos." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2010. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/5380.
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Esta dissertação apresenta os resultados obtidos a partir de uma modelagem matemática e computacional via método dos elementos finitos para simular a fluência de rochas evaporíticas que são comumente encontradas nas indústrias de petróleo e mineração. Evaporitos são rochas sedimentares formadas pela precipitação de sais presentes em uma solução aquosa concentrada. Eles têm baixa permeabilidade e porosidade, sendo assim, uma rocha selante por excelência. Alguns dos depósitos de minerais evaporíticos têm grande importância econômica, sendo o mais conhecido deles a halita (cloreto de sódio). Na linearização do modelo matemático utilizamos uma integração implícita de tensões do modelo constitutivo para rochas salinas que descreve as fases de fluência transiente e estacionária, possibilitando a dedução de um modelo mais preciso e realista, principalmente a curto prazo, situação onde os modelos clássicos só quantificam a fase estacionária. Nesse sentido, foi implementado o modelo LUBBY2 (que contempla a fluência estacionária e transiente) e comparado com o modelo mecanismo duplo de deformação, de fluência estacionária, no programa de elementos finitos CODE_BRIGHT (COupled DEformation BRIne Gas and Heat Transport). Mostrou-se neste trabalho que no curto prazo as análises de deslocamentos causados pela fluência de evaporitos devem ser consideradas para evitar problemas de aprisionamento de coluna de perfuração em poços de petróleo. O êxito da simulação computacional via o método dos elementos finitos foi alcançado através da obtenção de uma matriz Jacobiana consistente. Dessa forma obteve-se uma convergência quadrática do método de Newton-Raphson para a linearização da equação de equilíbrio envolvendo modelos de fluência de rochas evaporíticas. Também foram simulados ensaios triaxiais e apresentou-se um modelo de deformação em resposta ao processo de escavação em mina de sal. As análises apresentaram resultados consistentes, possibilitando o conhecimento do comportamento de fluência das rochas salinas em situações realistas. Além disso, as análises demonstraram a viabilidade da aplicação do modelo LUBBY2 em projetos de Engenharia com a aplicação da metodologia proposta
SILVA, JÚNIOR Sebastião da. "Bradyrizobium e biofertilizantes de rochas com acidithiobacillus e gesso no feijão caupi em solos salinos sódicos." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2008. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5388.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
A greenhouse experiment was carried out aiming to evaluate the effects of PK biofertilizers from phosphate and potash rocks on the development and nutrients uptake by cowpea grown in a sodic saline soil after the application of sulfur inoculated with Acidithiobacillus (S*) and gypsum (G) in different rates (0.8; 1.6; 2.4 and 3.2 t ha-1) and S*: G proportions (100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75 and 100:0). A control treatment, without gypsum and sulfur, was added. Two months after application of the different treatments, were analyzed soil chemical attributes and then cowpea (cv. IPA 206) was grown with All plants were inoculated with rhizobia (strains NFB 516 + NFB 700). Plants of all treatments were fertilized with P and K biofertilizer produced from phosphate and potash rocks. After forty five days plants were harvest and determined in shoots: dry matter (DM), total P, total K and total Na, and in soil samples were analyzed pH, available P, available K andexchangeable Na. Sulfur with Acidithiobacillus reduced soil pH, especially when applied in the highest rates without gypsum. Furthermore, the application of the PK biofertilizer from rocks inoculated with Acidithiobacillus, promoted greater reduction in soil pH. Soil exchangeable Na was reduced, especially when applied the treatments S*: G equivalent to 25:75 and 50:50. In all amendment treatments PK rock biofertilizers increased cowpea shoot DM, total P, total K and total Na, and best results were observed in treatments S*: G equivalent to 25:75 and 50:50. Soil available P and K was higher when applied PK rockbiofertilizer. The results showed that the rock biofertilizer is an alternative to soluble fertilizers, especially in sodic soils
Um experimento em casa-de-vegetação foi realizado visando avaliar os efeitos de biofertilizantes de rochas fosfatada e potássica, no desenvolvimento e absorção de nutrientes por feijão caupi em um solo salino-sodico, após a adição de enxofre inoculado com Acidithiobacillus (S*) e gesso (G) em diferentes doses (0,0; 0,8; 1,6; 2,4 and 3,2 t ha-1) e proporções relativas de S*: G (100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75 e 100:0). Foi adicionado o tratamento controle sem adição de gesso e enxofre. Dois meses após a adição dos tratamentos foram analisados atributos químicos do solo e semeado o feijão feijão caupi (cv. IPA 206) com inoculação de mistura de rizóbios (NFB 516 e NFB 700) com rizóbio. Em todos os tratamentos foi aplicado biofertilizante PK com rochas fosfatada e potássica. As plantas foram coletadas 45 dias após o plantio e determinou-se: Biomassa seca da parte aérea (BSPA), P, K e Na total, pH do solo, P e K disponível e sódio trocável. O enxofrecom Acidithiobacillus reduziu o pH do solo, especialmente quando usados níveis mais elevados sem adição de gesso. A aplicação de biofertilizante PK de rochas com Acidithiobacillus reduziu ainda mais o pH do solo, especialmente quando usados os tratamentos com (S*:G) nas proporções 25:75) e 50:50. Para os tratamentos com condicionadores a adição de biofertilizantes de rochas PK incrementou a biomassa seca da parte aérea do feijão feijão caupi (BSPA), P, K e Na total. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos com as proporções S*:G equivalentes a 25:75 e 50:50. P e K diponível foram mais elevados quando aplicados os biofertilizantes de rochas com PK. Os resultados mostram que os biofertilizantes de rochas podem ser alternativos a fertilizantes solúveis,especialmente em solos sódicos
ACIOLI, Nayara Torres Belfort. "Análise numérica de escavação em rochas salinas com possibilidade de reativação de falhas via técnica de descontinuidades fortes." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2017. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/23932.
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FACEPE
Os geomateriais quando submetidos a variações no estado de tensões tendem a apresentar um comportamento tensão deformação inelástico que pode se mostrar complexo, envolvendo processos de fluência, com endurecimento ou abrandamento podendo levar à ruptura. No processo de escavação de evaporitos submetidos a tensão constante ocorre o fenômeno de fluência que pode influenciar o comportamento de rochas adjacentes. Com o objetivo de prever esse comportamento vêm sendo desenvolvidos modelos constitutivos e formulações numéricas os quais são empregados em modelagem computacional através de métodos aproximados como, por exemplo, o método dos elementos finitos. Nesse trabalho foi avaliada a influência das deformações de rochas evaporíticas sobre rochas adjacentes naturalmente fraturadas. Para isso, na modelagem numérica, adotou-se nas rochas salinas o modelo de fluência (creep) LUBBY 2, e para as descontinuidades da rocha considerou-se um modelo elasto-plástico de Drucker-Prager aliado a uma técnica de descontinuidades fortes embebidas. O objetivo é verificar a reativação da descontinuidade em decorrência das deformações da rocha salina como consequência da escavação de galerias para extração de minérios. Para isso, neste trabalho, foi validada e aplicada uma técnica de simplificação do algoritmo de integração de tensões implícita para o IMPLEX no programa em elementos finitos in house CODE-BRIGHT. Esse algoritmo tem a inovação de utilizar as relações constitutivas do passo de tempo anterior para calcular o multiplicador plástico do passo de tempo atual, dessa forma ganhando eficiência computacional, mas podendo perder em precisão, seguindo com o cálculo implícito das relações constitutivas do passo de tempo atual. A fim de validar o algoritmo IMPLEX e avaliar a sensibilidade ao incremento de tempo e à tolerância associada ao mesmo foi modelado o caso de Expansão de cavidade, que mostrou a conformidade entre a solução numérica e a solução analítica com cerca de 1% de erro relativo. Também foi avaliada a sensibilidade do algoritmo à estrutura da malha de elementos finitos discretizada com o caso de Cisalhamento Direto no qual se observou uma limitação no algoritmo em função do alinhamento dos elementos da descontinuidade. Para analisar a sensibilidade do algoritmo à direção da descontinuidade embebida foi simulado o caso de Compressão Uniaxial. E para confirmar a sensibilidade do algoritmo à tolerância associada ao incremento de tempo, foi realizado o caso de Estabilidade de Talude, no qual se verificou o padrão na escolha da tolerância. Por fim, o caso principal desse trabalho que é a análise do comportamento de uma descontinuidade existente em um 8cenário fictício de uma escavação de minas em rochas evaporíticas (análogas às rochas da Mina Taquari Vassouras localizada no estado de Sergipe, Brasil) a grandes profundidades (1.200 metros) demonstra a possibilidade de reativação de falhas por cisalhamento em dois cenários, uma frente de escavação e uma escavação de uma mina em galeria. Nesses casos foi observado que a geometria da escavação e o posicionamento da falha possuem influência na sua reativação, quanto maior o vão da escavação mais rápida é reativada a falha e quanto mais a escavação avança na direção da falha, mais as tensões são transmitidas de modo que um menor estado de tensão já permite reativar a falha.
The geomaterials when subjected to variations in the state of stresses tend to present an inelastic strain behavior that may be complex, involving creep processes, with hardening or softening and rupture may happen. Digging evaporites under constant tension occurs the creep phenomenon that can influence the behavior of adjacent rocks. In order to predict this behavior, constitutive models and numerical formulations have been develop to be used in computational modeling through approximate methods such as the finite element method. In this work the influence of the evaporitic rocks deformation on naturally fractured rocks was evaluated. For this purpose, in the numerical modeling, the LUBBY 2 creep model was adopted in the saline rocks, and for discontinuities a Drucker-Prager elastoplastic model was considered, together with a strong embedded discontinuity technique. The objective is to verify the reactivation of the discontinuity due to the deformations of the salt rock as a consequence of the excavation of galleries for extraction of ores. In this work, a simplification technique of the implicit stress integration algorithm for IMPLEX in the in-house CODE-BRIGHT finite element program was validated and applied. This algorithm has the innovation of using the constitutive relations of the previous time step to calculate the plastic multiplier of the current time step, therefore reaching computational efficiency but being able to lose in precision, following with the implicit calculation of the constitutive relations of the time step current. In order to validate the IMPLEX algorithm and evaluate the sensitivity regarding the time increment and the associated tolerance, the Cavity Expansion case was modeled, which showed the conformity between the numerical solution and the analytical solution with about 1% relative error. It was also evaluated the sensitivity of the algorithm regarding the finite element mesh structure with the case of Direct Shear in which a limitation was observed as a function of the elements alignment of the discontinuity. To analyze the sensitivity of the algorithm about the embedded discontinuity direction, the case of Uniaxial Compression was simulated. And in order to confirm the sensitivity of the algorithm to the tolerance associated to the increment of time, the case of Slope Stability was carried out, in which the standard in choice of tolerance was verified. Finally, the main case of this work is the analysis of the behavior of a discontinuity existing in a fictitious scenario of a mine excavation in evaporitic rocks (analogous to the rocks of the Taquari Vassouras Mine located in the state of Sergipe, Brazil) in high depths (1,200 meters) demonstrates the possibility of reactivation of shear failures in two scenarios, an excavation front and an excavation of a gallery mine. In these cases, it was observed that the geometry of the excavation and the positioning of the fault have an influence on its reactivation, the larger the interspace the faster fault is reactivated and the more excavation advances towards the failure, the more tensions are transmitted, thereby lower tensions already allows the fault reactivation.
Lima, Viviane de. "Armazenamento geológico de CO2 em aquíferos salinos: reatividade química em selos e rochas reservatório da bacia do Paraná." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/3339.
The CO2 geological storage is a prormsmq solution for reducing atmospheric emissions of this gas. Among potential reservoirs, saline aquifers have been highlighted due to appropriate depth, geographical distribution and high storage capacity. In this context, the aim of this work was to evaluate the chemical reactivity of samples of the Paraná basin geological formations, with potential to CO2 storage. Reservoir rocks (Rio Bonito formation) and caprocks (Palermo and Irati formations) were submitted to two series of experiments: (1) in Teflon reactors with dissolved C02 at atmospheric pressure, and (2) in autoclaves with supercritical CO2at pressure of 12 MPa, ando It was used deionized water and NaCI 0. 1M solution, temperature of 80 to 200°C in experiments during 4 days up to 6 months. In Rio Bonito reservoir samples submitted to CO2 reactions major attack in the feldspathic and carbonate phases were observed: K-feldspar dissolution and calcite dissolution/re-precipitation. Rio Bonito and Palermo samples demonstrated attack on clay phases, and on Palermo sample was experimentally demonstrated the iIIite precipitation from acid illitization processo Irati samples do not demonstrated major reactivity in CO2 presence, only carbonate rich sample presented re-precipitation of this mineral phase. These results showed the global reactivity of the evaluated samples, providing preliminary assessment of these formations to potential C02 geological storage in the Paraná basin, Brazil.
O armazenamento geológico de C02 é uma solução promissora para a redução das emissões atmosféricas deste gás. Dentre os reservatórios geológicos potenciais, aquíferos salinos tem se destacado, pela profundidade adequada, distribuição geográfica e elevada capacidade de armazenamento. Neste contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a reatividade química de amostras de formações geológicas da Bacia do Paraná com potencial para o armazenamento de C02. Rochas reservatório (Formação Rio Bonito) e rochas selo (Formações Palermo e Irati) foram avaliadas em duas séries de experimentos: (1) em reatores de Teflon COM C02 dissolvido a pressão atmosférica e (2) em autoclaves com C02 supercrítico a pressão de 12 MPa. Utilizou-se água deionizada e solução de NaCl 0,1 M, temperaturas de 80 a 200°C em experimentos com duração de quatro dias até seis meses. Nas amostras do reservatório Rio Bonito submetidas às reações com C02 observou-se ataque majoritário sobre as fases feldspáticas e carbonáticas: dissolução de K-feldspato e dissolução/re-precipitação de calcita. As amostras das Formações Rio Bonito e Palermo demonstraram ataque sobre fases argilosas, tendo sido na amostra Palermo demonstrada experimentalmente a precipitação de illita a partir de processo de ilitização em meio ácido. As amostras da Formação Irati não demonstraram importante reatividade na presença do CO2; somente na amostra rica em carbonatos verificou-se re-precipitação desta fase mineral. Estes resultados demonstraram a reatividade global da amostras testadas, fornecendo uma avaliação preliminar destas formações para o potencial armazenamento geológico de C02 na Bacia do Paraná, Brasil.
Lima, Maria Angélica Batista [UNESP]. "Estudo do comportamento dos gnaisses Casablanca, Juparaná Delicato e Giallo Falésia (Ceará - Brasil) em atmosfera salina." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102989.
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Nesta pesquisa procurou-se simular as condições de atmosfera quimicamente agressiva (atmosfera marinha) por meio da exposição dos gnaisses Casablanca, Juparaná Delicato e Giallo Falésia em duas distintas câmaras climáticas de névoa salina, que permitiram a realização de ensaios do tipo contínuo e cíclico. Os ensaios tecnológicos de controle e as análises realizadas visaram à compreensão e interpretação das alterações observadas ao final dos respectivos tempos de exposição. Para escolha das propriedades tecnológicas avaliadas foram considerados os graus de influência e/ou de dependências no processo de alteração das rochas, bem como o espaço físico da câmara que delimitou as dimensões das amostras que foram expostas e o número de corpos-de-prova que foi ensaiado. No ensaio contínuo foi utilizada a câmara Modelo Bass USC com a temperatura mantida em (35±2)°C, a pressão de ar comprimido em 70 KPa e a solução de ensaio a 5% de NaCl com pH entre 6,5 e 7,2. O acervo exposto nesta câmara salina compreendeu então 73 (setenta e três) corpos-de-prova representando os três gnaisses que foram retirados ao final de 360, 720 e 1080 horas de exposição para realização de ensaios tecnológicos de controle, com a finalidade de monitorar qualitativamente as alterações ocorridas durante os respectivos períodos de exposições. No ensaio cíclico foi utilizada a câmara Modelo BASS MP-GS-01/2004, tendo sido composto por 30 ciclos onde foram alternadas 6 horas de névoa salina com 12 horas de secagem para cada ciclo concluído. Para este ensaio a temperatura foi mantida em (40±5)°C, a pressão de ar comprimido em 70 KPa e a solução de ensaio a 10% de NaCl com pH entre 6,5 e 7,2. O acervo exposto compreendeu 18 (dezoito) corpos-de-prova na forma de cubos com 5cm de arestas, representando os gnaisses Casablanca, Delicato e Falésia...
In this research, aggressive atmosphere conditions (marine atmosphere) were simulated using three commercial rock types (Casablanca, Delicato and Falésia). The gneisses were located in two different saline mist weathering chambers that operating in continuous and cyclical tests process type. The technological tests for control and analyses allowed the understanding and interpretation of the observed weathering processes after respective time of exposition of the stone. The choice of technological properties was guided by the influence and/or dependence degree of weathering processes with the saline chamber dimensions (influence on size and number of samples). The continuous test method have used a chamber Model Bass USC with the temperature kept in (35±2)°C, the air pressure compressed in 70 KPa and the saline solution (5% of NaCl) with pH values between 6.5 and 7.2. In that test, the gneisses were represented by 73 (seventy three) samples in the chambers that had been removed at the end of 360, 720 and 1080 hours of exposition hours to the control technological tests, in order to monitoring alterations occurred during the respective exposition. The cyclical test have used chamber Model BASS MP-GS- 01/2004. For this test, the samples passed by 30 cycles alternated with saline mist for 6 hours and 12 hours of drying for each concluded cycle. The temperature was kept in (40±5) °C, the air pressure compressed in 70 KPa and the saline solution (10% of NaCl) with pH between 6.5 and 7.2. In that test the gneisses were represented by 18 (eighteen) 5 cm cubic samples in the chambers. These samples had been removed after completing 15 cycles, for visual inspection and photographic register. After 30 cycles, the samples have been weighed in analytical scale and evaluated alterations during the respective exposition period. The two chosen ways (continuous and cyclic accelerated tests) allow... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Silva, Francisco Valfisio da. "Cultivo hidropônico de rúcula (Eruca sativa Mill) utilizando águas salinas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11143/tde-16032010-151140/.
The environmental degradation in recent years has motivated the concern about the sustainability of human activities. The inadequate management of irrigation and low rainfall fertilization, to leach the excess salts applied through irrigation water, can lead to soil salinization. Hydroponics constitutes an alternative to soil conservation and preservation of water sources. The rocket (Eruca sativa Mill) was the culture chosen for this study because its production has been increasing among the vegetables. This study aimed to determine the tolerance of the rocket to the salinity of the nutrient solution. The experiment was carried out in protected enviroment on the experimental area of the Hydraulics Section of the University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks. It were evaluated nine levels of salinity obtained with the addition of NaCl and these 1.8, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5, 8.5, 9.5, 10.5 dS m-1. The results obtained show that the increased levels of salinity caused a reduction in all parameters except the number of leaves was not affected and the ratio root/shoot was influenced incrementally. The salinity threshold was found to be 2.57 dS m-1, a reduction of 5.57% in production for each unit increase in salinity. The rocket press was classified as moderately sensitive to salinity. It is possible to obtain satisfactory production using saline water for hydroponic cultivation rocket press.
Lima, Maria Angélica Batista. "Estudo do comportamento dos gnaisses Casablanca, Juparaná Delicato e Giallo Falésia (Ceará - Brasil) em atmosfera salina /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102989.
Abstract: In this research, aggressive atmosphere conditions (marine atmosphere) were simulated using three commercial rock types (Casablanca, Delicato and Falésia). The gneisses were located in two different saline mist weathering chambers that operating in continuous and cyclical tests process type. The technological tests for control and analyses allowed the understanding and interpretation of the observed weathering processes after respective time of exposition of the stone. The choice of technological properties was guided by the influence and/or dependence degree of weathering processes with the saline chamber dimensions (influence on size and number of samples). The continuous test method have used a chamber Model Bass USC with the temperature kept in (35±2)°C, the air pressure compressed in 70 KPa and the saline solution (5% of NaCl) with pH values between 6.5 and 7.2. In that test, the gneisses were represented by 73 (seventy three) samples in the chambers that had been removed at the end of 360, 720 and 1080 hours of exposition hours to the control technological tests, in order to monitoring alterations occurred during the respective exposition. The cyclical test have used chamber Model BASS MP-GS- 01/2004. For this test, the samples passed by 30 cycles alternated with saline mist for 6 hours and 12 hours of drying for each concluded cycle. The temperature was kept in (40±5) °C, the air pressure compressed in 70 KPa and the saline solution (10% of NaCl) with pH between 6.5 and 7.2. In that test the gneisses were represented by 18 (eighteen) 5 cm cubic samples in the chambers. These samples had been removed after completing 15 cycles, for visual inspection and photographic register. After 30 cycles, the samples have been weighed in analytical scale and evaluated alterations during the respective exposition period. The two chosen ways (continuous and cyclic accelerated tests) allow... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Antonio Carlos Artur
Coorientador: José de Araújo Nogueira Neto
Banca: Antônio Gilberto Costa
Banca: Francisco Wilson Hollanda Vidal
Banca: Tamar Bortolozzo Galembeck
Banca: Maria Heloísa Barros de Oliveira Frascá
Doutor
Lima, Viviane de. "Armazenamento geol?gico de CO2 em aqu?feros salinos : reatividade qu?mica em selos e rochas reservat?rio da bacia do Paran?" Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2010. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/3169.
O armazenamento geol?gico de C02 ? uma solu??o promissora para a redu??o das emiss?es atmosf?ricas deste g?s. Dentre os reservat?rios geol?gicos potenciais, aqu?feros salinos tem se destacado, pela profundidade adequada, distribui??o geogr?fica e elevada capacidade de armazenamento. Neste contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a reatividade qu?mica de amostras de forma??es geol?gicas da Bacia do Paran? com potencial para o armazenamento de C02. Rochas reservat?rio (Forma??o Rio Bonito) e rochas selo (Forma??es Palermo e Irati) foram avaliadas em duas s?ries de experimentos: (1) em reatores de Teflon COM C02 dissolvido a press?o atmosf?rica e (2) em autoclaves com C02 supercr?tico a press?o de 12 MPa. Utilizou-se ?gua deionizada e solu??o de NaCl 0,1 M, temperaturas de 80 a 200?C em experimentos com dura??o de quatro dias at? seis meses. Nas amostras do reservat?rio Rio Bonito submetidas ?s rea??es com C02 observou-se ataque majorit?rio sobre as fases feldsp?ticas e carbon?ticas: dissolu??o de K-feldspato e dissolu??o/re-precipita??o de calcita. As amostras das Forma??es Rio Bonito e Palermo demonstraram ataque sobre fases argilosas, tendo sido na amostra Palermo demonstrada experimentalmente a precipita??o de illita a partir de processo de ilitiza??o em meio ?cido. As amostras da Forma??o Irati n?o demonstraram importante reatividade na presen?a do CO2; somente na amostra rica em carbonatos verificou-se re-precipita??o desta fase mineral. Estes resultados demonstraram a reatividade global da amostras testadas, fornecendo uma avalia??o preliminar destas forma??es para o potencial armazenamento geol?gico de C02 na Bacia do Paran?, Brasil.
Ferreira, Ynaê Almeida. "Análise numérica da perfuração e cimentação de poços de petróleo em evaporitos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18132/tde-04122014-093552/.
Hydrocarbons are found under high pressure in porous rocks, called reservoir rocks. The presalt layer shows reservoir rock covered by an impermeable salt thick layer. Occurrences of salt structures are favorable for trapping of hydrocarbons and increase the probability of success in oil and gas prospecting. They are excellent cap rocks with porosity and permeability practically nil. Salt rock present creep when subjected to continuous and constant stress. During well drilling through thick salt layers operational problems may occur like the imprisonment of the drill string and the collapse of the well. Also, creep may cause the collapse of the well casing. These setbacks create great challenges and opportunities for the evolution of the oil industry. In this context, this work proposes the numerical analysis of well excavation in salt rock for oil exploration with the study of the geomechanical behavior of salt using a finite element method (FEM) software Abaqus®. The effect of salt creep during and after drilling and cementing of wells was verified using different weights of the drilling fluid assumed to be non-penetrable with respect to the wellbore formation. Analysis of displacements, strains and stresses on the face of the wellbore and into the salt formation were performed with plane strain and axisymmetric techniques. After installation of the well casing, cementing is simulated encompassing cement hardening as well as salt creep. It was possible to analyze displacements, strains and the behavior of the stress interactions between the existing boundary cement-salt formation, avoiding possible unnecessary workover operations that cause economical losses. Thus, this study assists in the control and monitoring of closing oil wells in evaporite, after excavation and cementing the well, avoiding many problems stemming from the behavior creep of salt.
Corrêa, Fernando Santos [UNESP]. "Evolução halocinética da região centro-norte da Bacia de Santos, Brasil." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102942.
O interesse pela exploração petrolífera em armadilhas associadas à halocinese motivou a realização deste trabalho, que teve como objetivo caracterizar e descrever a evolução halocinética da região centro-norte da Bacia de Santos. Dados sísmicos e de poços foram utilizados na determinação do arcabouço estrutural-estratigráfico e na evolução cinemática do sal, por meio de técnicas de restauração palinspática. O contexto geológico-estrutural estabelecido serviu de alicerce para análise da dinâmica do sal em experimentos físicos análogos em caixa de areia com silicone. A área foi palco de intensa atividade halocinética a partir do Albiano, em resposta à distensão provocada pela abertura do Atlântico Sul e pela sobrecarga sedimentar, especialmente durante o Senoniano, quando imensas cunhas clásticas progradantes adentraram a bacia e expulsaram a espessa camada de sal, resultando numa extensa zona de falhas antitéticas, cujo bloco baixo consiste numa cicatriz da halocinese. Concomitantemente, falhas lístricas sintéticas se desenvolveram na porção norte da área, coexistindo dois sistemas de cisalhamento que resultou na instalação da zona de acomodação da distensão. No Paleoceno-Eoceno, importante sedimentação adentrou na porção sul da área exercendo sobrecarga diferencial sobre os diápiros adjacentes às mini-bacias senonianas, resultando na remobilização do sal e na inversão das mini-bacias para anticlinal tipo casco de tartaruga
The interest in petroleum traps associated to salt tectonics was the motivation to conduct this work. The objective of the thesis is to characterize and explain the halokinetic evolution of north-central region of Santos Basin. Seismic data and wells were used to construct the structural-stratigraphic framework leading to halokinetics evolution by using palinspatic restoration techniques. The structural geologic framework was the basis of salt dynamics analyses using silicone in sandbox analogues experiments. The studied area underwent intense halokinetic activities since Albian age in response to stretching associated to Atlantic South opening and sediment loading. During Senonian huge prograding clastics wedges entered the basin expelling thick layer of salt creating an extensive antithetic fault zone, known as Cabo Frio Fault Zone, where the hangingwall rests on a salt weld. Two sets of synthetic listric fault developed concomintantly in the northern portion of area, producing an accommodation zone. During Paleocene-Eocene an important sedimentation event estabilished in the southern area causing differential loading on diapirs adjacent to senonian mini basins, resulting in salt remobilization and inversion of mini basins to form turtle structures
Li, Zongze. "Study on creep fatigue mechanical characteristics and constitutive model of salt rock." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ISAL0081.
To meet the requirements of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, i.e., the Paris Agreement, countries around the world have developed carbon-peaking and carbon-neutral action programs. The use of renewable energy sources is an effective means of meeting this requirement. Because salt rock has good rheology, low porosity, low permeability and damage self-healing characteristics, compressed air energy storage using salt caverns is an effective way to enhance the efficiency of renewable energy use. Considering the operational requirements for load balancing in compressed air energy storage plants, the surrounding rock of salt cavern reservoirs is subjected to discontinuous cyclic loading with varying gas injection rates and pressures i.e. alternating creep-fatigue loading. Through a combination of theoretical analysis, laboratory experiments, and model studies, this research investigated the creep-fatigue mechanical characteristics of salt rocks with varying high-stress interval times, and the creep-fatigue mechanical characteristics of salt rocks under different confining pressures. Additionally, the impact of different stress levels on the creep-fatigue damage evolution of salt rocks was monitored and analyzed using acoustic emission devices. Long-term creep-fatigue tests on salt rocks under different loading rate and level were conducted based on the actual frequency of load balancing in compressed air energy storage plants. The reasons and patterns of the salt rock's interaction between creep and fatigue under different conditions were analyzed. Based on the consideration of the creep-fatigue interaction in salt rocks, a state variable-based creep-fatigue constitutive model for salt rocks was proposed and established, and its validity was verified. The research findings provide important guidance for ensuring the stability of salt cavern reservoirs
Hebert, Vanessa. "Analyses multi-échelles de la structure d'un réservoir carbonaté littoral : exemple de la plateforme de Llucmajor (Majorque, Espagne)." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20234/document.
The study of heterogeneous and karstified carbonates is important in many environmental issues, like the detailed description of a coastal reservoir structure containing an aquifer affected by saline intrusion. At the south of the island of Mallorca (Spain), the Llucmajor carbonate platform represents a typical site for such researches. Characterization of heterogeneities requires a better knowledge of the carbonate reservoir properties and the various factors affecting the structure. One of the key parameters defining the heterogeneous structure is the porosity. According to the wide range of heterogeneity sizes from micrometer to hundreds of meters, the use of multiscale methods is required.This thesis focused on the determination of multiscale porosities from the microporosity to karstic porosity, and of relationships between observation scale changes of these properties. Firstly, the application of X-ray microtomography allows to extract the microporosity and the microporous network connectivity. Then, X-ray tomography was used with a lower resolution to study the micro- and macro-porous network at the core scale. At the borehole scale, the borehole wall images are used to determinate macrostructures from centimeter pores to karsts. Finally, surface geophysics allows to observe the extension of karst and heterogeneities at the site scale.Finally, the porous structure of the study site is integrated into the regional geology of the platform. A hydrogeophysical observatory was installed on site to monitor the spreading of salt water in the aquifer. The interpretation of its salinity measurements can take into account the geological and petrophysical context
Randi, Aurélien. "Modélisation expérimentale de l’injection de solutions enrichies en CO₂ dans un doublet géothermique. Étude des impacts géochimiques en proche puits." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0087.
This work was conducted in the framework of the technical assessment of a novel Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) concept integrating aqueous dissolution of CO2 and injection via a geothermal doublet. This study focuses on i) the quantification and modelling of the hydrodynamic and geochemical impact induced by the injection of a CO2-laden solution in a reservoir rock and ii) the evaluation of long term integrity of the well materials (cement, steel casing) in order to ensure a safe injection protocol. A dedicated experimental device named MIRAGES.2 was developed to mimic, at the lab scale, the continuous radial injection of a CO2-enriched solution under realistic conditions of a geological reservoir. The miniature well consists in a steel tube that is cemented to the core plug with a class G Portland cement. The test bench is divided in two parts: the first one is devoted to the CO2-solution mixing process, and the second one enables to perform the injection of the solution in the core-plug. In addition, the implementation of original in situ measurement techniques (in-situ HP/HT Raman and pH probes, flowmeter) was carried out in order to ensure optimal acquisition of physical and chemical data (pressure, temperature, pH, concentrations of different species in solution...) during the experiments. A method of image processing acquired on post-experimental samples by X-ray micro-tomography has been developed. This technique revealed the 3D architecture of the mesoscopic porous network. This experimental protocol revealed the physicochemical evolution of: the different interfaces between cement and steel, and between cement and reservoir ; the near-well region of the reservoir ; The injected fluid. A set of 7 experiments was performed. The injection duration (12 h, 24 h, 2.5 d, 10 d and 21 d), the fluid salinity and the core drilling inclination with respect to the bedding were investigated. The experiments demonstrate the non-uniform propagation of the acidic solution from the injection point in the form of preferential pathways called « wormholes ». Once a single wormhole breaks through the core-plug, all the other competing wormholes stop growing and their density tend to decrease as the solution is injected. Despite a predominant localized phenomenon, changes in petrophysical properties of the rock in regions far from the wormholes was observed. Following the continuous renewal of the acidic solution, a uniform dissolution in the upper part of the injection well was also highlighted. Roughness surface measurements coupled with microscopic observations have revealed the presence of calcite precipitation which induces the clogging of secondary wormholes. Cement ageing in contact with the reactive solution induces localized chemical imbalances. Changes in magnesium concentration, inhibitor of calcite precipitation, released during cement alteration, govern the local calcite saturation states of the interstitial solution. These phenomena could explain the observed precipitation in a medium mainly undersaturated with respect to the calcite. The experiments also demonstrated the important role of the salinity of the injected solution, which dissolves up to five times more host rock than a freshwater solution. Finally, a multi-scale structural study was carried out and established the close relationship between the distribution of structural defects generated by regional tectonics and the orientation of the dissolution networks observed in our experiments. These results refine the analysis and assessment of environmental impacts and risks in the context of the CO2 injection in a geothermal doublet. They demonstrate the discontinuities present in the rock control the dissolution paths at the reservoir scale
GARING, Charlotte. "Caractérisation géophysique et géochimique des interactions fluide-roche à l'interface eau douce-eau salée : cas des carbonates récifaux de Majorque." Phd thesis, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767152.
Freire-Gormaly, Marina. "The Pore Structure of Indiana Limestone and Pink Dolomite for the Modeling of Carbon Dioxide in Geologic Carbonate Rock Formations." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/42840.