Journal articles on the topic 'Robotic appearances'
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Robins, Ben, Kerstin Dautenhahn, and Janek Dubowski. "Does appearance matter in the interaction of children with autism with a humanoid robot?" Interaction Studies 7, no. 3 (November 13, 2006): 479–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.7.3.16rob.
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This article studies the impact of a robot’s appearance on interactions involving four children with autism. This work is part of the Aurora project with the overall aim to support interaction skills in children with autism, using robots as ‘interactive toys’ that can encourage and mediate interactions. We follow an approach commonly adopted in assistive robotics and work with a small group of children with autism. This article investigates which robot appearances are suitable to encourage interactions between a robot and children with autism. The children’s levels of interaction with and response to different appearances of two types of robots are compared: a small humanoid doll, and a life-sized ‘Theatrical Robot’ (a mime artist behaving like a robot). The small humanoid robot appeared either as a human-like ‘pretty doll’ or as a ‘robot’ with plain features. The Theatrical Robot was presented either as an ordinary human, or with plain clothing and a featureless, masked face. The results of these trials clearly indicate the children’s preference in their initial response for interaction with a plain, featureless robot over the interaction with a human-like robot. In the case of the life-size Theatrical Robot, the response of children towards the plain/robotic robot was notably more social and pro-active. Implications of these results for our work on using robots as assistive technology for children with autism and their possible use in autism research are discussed.
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Paluch, Richard, and Claudia Müller. ""That's Something for Children"." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, GROUP (January 14, 2022): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3492850.
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Robotic systems are increasingly seen as possible technical aids against the background of demographic change and the associated pressures on care systems, with increasing numbers of care recipients and a decreasing number of trained caregivers. In human-computer interaction and computer-supported cooperative work, different design paradigms are currently being pursued to explore which features and appearances are favorable for meaningful interactions of humans with robotic systems. One such approach, labeled as "otherware", proposes to conceptualize robots beyond a naive anthropomorphism or zoomorphism, rather developing the idea of a figure that goes beyond the dichotomy between "being alive" and "being a technical artefact". We present an ethnographic study on the perceptions, attitudes, and practices of care attendants and nursing-home residents in their experimenting with off-the-shelf robotic cats and dogs. The three-week study shows specific appropriation practices of the robotic pets, and how the care attendants - partly together with the residents - define their experiences of the robotic pets, i.e., in which situations the robotic pets are considered either as living beings or as technology toys. The study provides practice-based insights into how possible uses of robotic pets could be meaningfully integrated into care practices, but also which ethical reflections were discussed during their use. Finally, this ethnographic study functioned as a collaborative learning process between researchers, care attendants, and residents, and thus also points out possible aspects that arose with regard to future learning spaces of professional and organizational development for dealing with innovative technologies in residential care contexts.
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Amelin, Konstantin, Oleg Granichin, Anna Sergeenko, and Zeev V. Volkovich. "Emergent Intelligence via Self-Organization in a Group of Robotic Devices." Mathematics 9, no. 12 (June 8, 2021): 1314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9121314.
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Networked systems control is a known problem complicated because of the need to work with large groups of elementary agents. In many applications, it is impossible (or difficult) to validate agent movement models and provide sufficiently reliable control actions at the elementary system components level. The evolution of agent subgroups (clusters) leads to additional uncertainty in the studied control systems. We focus on new decentralized control methods based on local communications in complex multiagent dynamical systems. The problem of intelligence in a complex world is considered in connection to multiagent network systems, including a system named airplane with feathers, load balancing, and the multisensor-multitarget tracking problem. Moreover, the new result concerning the emergency of intelligence in a group of robots is provided. All these methods follow the paradigm of the direct reaction of each element (agent) of the system to its sensory data of current situation observations and the corresponding data from a limited number of its neighbors (local communications). At the same time, these algorithms achieve a mutual goal at the macro level. All of the considered emergent intelligence appearances inspire the necessity to “rethink” the previously recognized concepts of computability and algorithm in computer science.
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Tu, Yun-Chen, Sung-En Chien, Yueh-Yi Lai, Jen-Chi Liu, and Su-Ling Yeh. "THE UNCANNY VALLEY REVISITED: AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCE AND THE EFFECT OF FUNCTION TYPE." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1202.
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Abstract Due to declined birthrate and the increased aging population, solving the problem of labor shortage has become important. Introducing robotic labors could effectively help older adults’ daily lives. However, older adults’ acceptance of robots was lower than younger adults. Robot’s appearance might be one of the reasons. The Uncanny Valley (UV) refers to the phenomenon that people rate more positively as robots become more humanlike, but only up to a certain point; as it approaches near-perfect similarity of human appearance, likeability drops and forms an uncanny valley. Nonetheless, previous results supporting the UV were mainly from younger adults. We examined whether the UV is also applicable for older and middle-aged adults. We also examined whether the acceptance of function (companion vs. service) would change based on robot appearance, and whether robot-induced traits have any relation with the acceptance of robot function. We asked younger (N= 80, age 18-39), middle-aged (N= 87, age 40-59), and older (N= 88, age 60-87) adults to view each picture of 84 robots and evaluate their impression of each robot and intention of use regarding robot function. Contrary to the UV found for younger and middle-aged adults, older adults did not show UV–they preferred humanlike over non-humanlike robots, regardless of the robot function. Scores on each trait–except for authoritativeness–showed positive correlations with the acceptance of functions. These findings imply that the design of assistive robots should take UV into consideration by customizing robots’ appearances and functions to different age groups.
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Leedman, Samuel Robert, Aaron Esmaili, Tejinder Singh, and Desmond Wee. "Large volume haemorrhage following transoral robotic surgery (TORS) as a result of fibromuscular dysplasia: first reported case." BMJ Case Reports 12, no. 11 (November 2019): e232022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-232022.
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We present a case of a 61-year-old woman who suffered a haemorrhagic complication of an aneurysmal left lingual artery, secondary to fibromuscular dysplasia, following transoral robotic surgery (TORS). She was admitted through the emergency department 3 days after resection of a central base of tongue tumour. She suffered a massive haemorrhage requiring intensive care admission, blood transfusion, intubation, operative and endovascular intervention. The diagnosis of fibromuscular dysplasia was made at angiography. During attempts to embolise the culprit left lingual artery, the vessel dissected at its origin leading to arrest of bleeding. Repeat angiograms during her admission demonstrated unchanged appearances and ruled out recanalisation of the vessel. She was extubated and remained stable on the ward, discharged home some days later in good health. To our knowledge, this is the first ever reported case of fibromuscular dysplasia affecting the lingual artery leading to aneurysmal dilation and severe haemorrhage following TORS.
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Piwowarczyk, Jakub, Jay Carriere, Kim Adams, and Mahdi Tavakoli. "An Admittance-controlled Force-scaling Dexterous Assistive Robotic System." Journal of Medical Robotics Research 05, no. 01n02 (March 2020): 2041002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424905x20410020.
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Play has a vital role in a child’s development; it can affect everything from social and language to cognitive and perceptual skills. However, if a child has a physical disability, the fundamental limitations of their disability may prevent them from participating in all forms of play. Construction and block play is an example of play that may be difficult for children who have reduced upper body strength and are, therefore, unable to manipulate heavier objects in space. In this paper, we propose a novel 6 degree-of-freedom admittance-controlled, force-scaling robot that will allow for children to lift heavier objects than they would normally be able to, while still retaining the full range of motion of their upper body. This assistive system is designed to retain the user’s haptic perception, allowing the user to still partially feel the weight of the objects that they are manipulating. Two user studies are done to evaluate the usability of the system. First, to ensure that the force scaling of the system does not negatively affect a user’s haptic perception, 10 able-bodied individuals were asked to order a series of buckets with identical appearances but different masses from lightest to heaviest with three different force-scaling factors. It was shown that the force amplification ability of the system does not significantly detract from users’ ability to discriminate masses. Second, to evaluate the precision and the usefulness of the force scaling of the system, users were asked to perform a challenging peg-in-hole insertion task. Results indicate that the system has a positive effect on the ability of a user to perform the task when the assistance is necessary. However, increasing amounts of assistance, past those required for participants to complete the task without issues, do not have any significant effect. The effect of a modular reacher bar that can augment the workspace of users is investigated through a similar peg-in-hole insertion task. For the trials with the modular reacher bar attached, it is shown that the system’s force amplification has a very positive effect in assisting users in completing the task. It should be noted that although the target population for this paper is children with disabilities, there can also be uses for this system as a general assistive technology for adults with upper-body weakness in their daily lives.
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Wu, Wei-Lin, Di-Ching Li, Yen-Shuo Chen, and Fu-Hsiang Ko. "Weathering-Resistant Replicas Fabricated by a Three-Dimensional Printing Robotic Platform Induce Shoaling Behavior in Zebrafish." Sensors 22, no. 9 (May 3, 2022): 3481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093481.
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In recent decades, zebrafish have become an increasingly popular laboratory organism in several fields of research due to their ease of reproduction and rapid maturation. In particular, shoaling behavior has attracted the attention of many researchers. This article presents a fully printed robotic model used to sense and stimulate shoaling behavior in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Specifically, we exposed laboratory-fabricated replicated materials to critical acid/base/salt environments and evaluated the mechanical, optical, and surface properties after a three-month immersion period. Focusing on weatherability, these test samples maintained high tensile strength (~45 MPa) and relatively similar transmission (>85%T in the visible region), as determined by UV–vis/FTIR spectroscopy. Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology allowed printing of models with different sizes and appearances. We describe the sense of zebrafish responses to replicas of different sizes and reveal that replicas approximating the true zebrafish size (3 cm) are more attractive than larger replicas (5 cm). This observation suggests that larger replicas appear as predators to the zebrafish and cause fleeing behavior. In this study, we determined the weatherability of a high-transparency resin and used it to fabricate a fully printed driving device to induce shoaling by zebrafish. Finally, we demonstrate a weathering-resistant (for three months) 3D-printed decoy model with potential utility for future studies of outdoor shoaling behavior, and the result has the potential to replace the traditional metal frame devices used in outdoor experiments.
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Elena, Seredkina. "Philosophical Foundations of Applied Anthropomorphism In Social Robotics." Technologos, no. 4 (2020): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/perm.kipf/2020.4.05.
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This article is devoted to the philosophical foundations of anthropomorphism in the context of Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), a new interdisciplinary field of research. On the basis of modern scientific works, a positive concept of anthropomorphism as a cognitive mechanism ensuring human adaptation to a complex external environment is formulated. The theoretical principles of applied anthropomorphism (AA) are being developed to identify the conditions for activating anthropomorphic projections in a user during an HRI act. There are two key factors in the structure of AA: appearance and autonomous behaviour. Asymmetry principle is formulated: behavioral realism is more important than highly anthropomorphic appearance. The principle of coherence is formulated: the necessity of synchronisation of the appearance and the robot's behaviour, that is, the level of development of behavioral patterns of the robotic system determines the degree of its anthropomorphism. Various forms of anthropomorphism are distinguished. These differences can be described in terms of involvement in cognitive activity. Anthropomorphism as passive ascription and simple projection receives negative assessment in social robotics, while anthropomorphism, which is deduced from autonomous robots behaviour or initiated by them, is assessed positively. The epistemological foundations of the robotic revolution of the late 80s-early 90s of the XX century are analysed; the methodology of "behavior-based robotics" is examined thoroughly. The behavioral approach in robotics is based on the concept of weak artificial intelligence, within which computational operations and functions of a machine represent concatenation of processes and can lead to the illusion of intelligence in a robot, primarily due to projective intelligence from a human-observer side. These questions are analysed in the context of modern philosophical theories, such as second-order cybernetics, autopoiesis. Anthropomorphism as active ascription of cognitive or emotional states to the robot from the observer side in order to rationalise the behaviour of the object is correlated with D. Dennett's intentional stance. At the end of the article, the phenomenon of attribution of human characteristics to non-human entities in Eastern religious cults is studied. The question of the ontological status of gods and robots is raised.
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RUSSELL, R. ANDREW, GEOFFREY TAYLOR, LINDSAY KLEEMAN, and ANIES H. PURNAMADJAJA. "MULTI-SENSORY SYNERGIES IN HUMANOID ROBOTICS." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 01, no. 02 (June 2004): 289–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843604000162.
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Sensing is a key element for any intelligent robotic system. This paper describes the current progress of a project in the Intelligent Robotics Research Center at Monash University that has the aim of developing a synergistic set of sensory systems for a humanoid robot. Currently, sensing modes for colour vision, stereo vision, active range, smell and airflow are being developed in a size and form that is compatible with the humanoid appearance. Essential considerations are sensor calibration and the processing of sensor data to give reliable information about properties of the robot's environment. In order to demonstrate the synergistic use of all of the available sensory modes, a high level supervisory control scheme is being developed for the robot. All time-stamped sensor data together with derived information about the robot's environment are organized in a blackboard system. Control action sequences are then derived from the blackboard data based on a task description. The paper presents details of each of the robot's sensory systems, sensor calibration, and supervisory control. Results are also presented of a demonstration project that involves identifying and selecting mugs containing household chemicals. Proposals for future development of the humanoid robot are also presented.
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Motienko, Anna, Irina Vatamaniuk, and Anton Saveliev. "Development of technical appearance of human-machine interface for group control of unmanned robots when performing agricultural tasks." Robotics and Technical Cybernetics 9, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 299–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.31776/rtcj.9407.
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Abstract One of the promising areas of using robotic systems (RS) is group control of robots. The means of ensuring the operator's interaction with autonomous RS for monitoring and remote control - the human-machine interface (HMI) of the robotic systems, are discussed in the paper. The foreign and domestic publications describing existing approaches and priority directions to the construction of HMIs for various types of robotic systems - ground and air, as well as modern commercial solutions in this area are analyzed in the paper. The performed analysis allows us to conclude that the most popular and convenient type of human-machine interface for the types of robotic systems under consideration today is a digital application with a graphical interface. To implement complex scenarios of human-machine interaction, combinations of several methods are used, such as: a digital application with a graphical interface, virtual reality tools, gesture recognition, voice commands. The technical appearance of the man-machine interface of group unmanned robots based on the results of the analysis was developed. It ensures the prompt formulation of the applied problem to be solved and the subsequent control of its execution by the operator. The proposed solution is intuitive and flexible, which provides the user with a higher speed of information processing. Key words Group robotics, human-machine interface (HMI), group control of robots, HMI architecture, robotic system.
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Bahrin, Syed Zainal Abidin Syed Kamarul, and Khairul Salleh Mohamed Sahari. "Initial Development of a Master-Slave Controller for a Five-Fingered Robotic Hand Design by Using Pressure Sensors Comparator Technique." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.35 (November 30, 2018): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.35.23104.
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There are numerous robotic hand designs but the five-fingered robotic hand design is the most dexterous robotic hand design due to its similar appearance and motions with the human hands. The five-fingered robotic hands are commonly controlled or governed through a master-slave system that can be accomplished by using simple preset motions or other complicated and advanced technologies. However, a five-fingered robotics hand can also be controlled by a novel approach known as pressure sensors comparator technique. This technique compares the values from the pressure sensors that are strategically located at the glove (master) and robotic hand (slave). If the values differ, the actuators will generate motions accordingly. The initial finding based on the master and slave prototypes showed that applying this technique is very challenging due to the humans' physiological diversity. Nevertheless, a solution was proposed for further studies and future developments by introducing an offset.
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Ene, Irina, Mihai-Ionuț Pop, and Bogdan Nistoreanu. "Qualitative and quantitative Analysis of consumers perception regarding anthropomorphic AI designs." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 13, no. 1 (May 1, 2019): 707–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2019-0063.
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Abstract Business intelligence and analytics are nowadays being integrated into diverse industries, from healthcare to customer relationship management and behavioral profiling, due to the competitive advantages that they offer. Nevertheless, most companies try to integrate as many forms of business intelligence systems as possible into different internal processes. This overall digitization applied to more and more business departments is being analyzed with both curiosity and reluctance. The decision regarding the implementation of innovative forms of automation is taken in an attempt to discover and solve business challenges. However, there are several issues involved, which need to be addressed. One of the risks that are being discussed in the research environment refers to the level of acceptance of artificial intelligence systems. The tolerance and overall readiness of the consumers towards innovation and technology is one of the critical factors which need to be determined before implementing disruptive business intelligence systems. Moreover, in an effort to make devices friendlier to consumers, some developers chose to assign anthropomorphic appearances and even create individual identities for each artificial intelligence system. In this context, it is important for most companies investing in intelligent automation systems to determine to which extend the use of anthropomorphic designs impacts the customer’s perception. The objective of this research paper is to analyze the unconscious reaction of consumers towards two opposite designs of artificial intelligence systems: a robotic-like form and a human-like design. Based on this difference, a photo collage was created figuring two pictures: one with a metallic robot having a conversation with a human being and one with a robot with a strong anthropomorphic figure found in the same situation. For the analysis, an eye tracking device was used, in order to measure the point of gaze, the unconscious motion of the eyes, along with the time spent on each fixation and the order in which different elements were fixated upon by the respondents. As the eye-tracking device can generate data in various forms, this research includes both qualitative and quantitative analyses of the results, which confirm the same hypothesis, regarding the consumer’s preference towards artificial intelligence systems with robotic designs.
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Milano, Filippo, Gianni Cerro, Francesco Santoni, Alessio De Angelis, Gianfranco Miele, Angelo Rodio, Antonio Moschitta, Luigi Ferrigno, and Paolo Carbone. "Parkinson’s Disease Patient Monitoring: A Real-Time Tracking and Tremor Detection System Based on Magnetic Measurements." Sensors 21, no. 12 (June 18, 2021): 4196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21124196.
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Reliable diagnosis of early-stage Parkinson’s disease is an important task, since it permits the administration of a timely treatment, slowing the progression of the disease. Together with non-motor symptoms, other important signs of disease can be retrieved from the measurement of the movement trajectory and from tremor appearances. To measure these signs, the paper proposes a magnetic tracking system able to collect information about translational and vibrational movements in a spatial cubic domain, using a low-cost, low-power and highly accurate solution. These features allow the usage of the proposed technology to realize a portable monitoring system, that may be operated at home or in general practices, enabling telemedicine and preventing saturation of large neurological centers. Validation is based on three tests: movement trajectory tracking, a rest tremor test and a finger tapping test. These tests are considered in the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale and are provided as case studies to prove the system’s capabilities to track and detect tremor frequencies. In the case of the tapping test, a preliminary classification scheme is also proposed to discriminate between healthy and ill patients. No human patients are involved in the tests, and most cases are emulated by means of a robotic arm, suitably driven to perform required tasks. Tapping test results show a classification accuracy of about 93% using a k-NN classification algorithm, while imposed tremor frequencies have been correctly detected by the system in the other two tests.
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Tadic, Vladimir, Akos Odry, Ervin Burkus, Istvan Kecskes, Zoltan Kiraly, Mihaly Klincsik, Zoltan Sari, Zoltan Vizvari, Attila Toth, and Peter Odry. "Painting Path Planning for a Painting Robot with a RealSense Depth Sensor." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 5, 2021): 1467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041467.
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The utilization of stereo cameras in robotic applications is presented in this paper. The use of a stereo depth sensor is a principal step in robotics applications, since it is the first step in sequences of robotic actions where the intent is to detect and extract windows and obstacles that are not meant to be painted from the surrounding wall. A RealSense D435 stereo camera was used for surface recording via a real-time, appearance-based (RTAB) mapping procedure, as well as to navigate the painting robot. Later, wall detection and the obstacle avoidance processes were performed using statistical filtering and a random sample consensus model (RANSAC) algorithm.
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Zingaretti, P., and E. Frontoni. "Appearance based robotics." IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine 13, no. 1 (March 2006): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mra.2006.1598054.
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Hersh, Marion A., and Michael A. Johnson. "A Robotic Guide for Blind People. Part 1. A Multi-National Survey of the Attitudes, Requirements and Preferences of Potential End-Users." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 7, no. 4 (2010): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/252609.
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This paper reports the results of a multi-national survey in several different countries on the attitudes, requirements and preferences of blind and visually impaired people for a robotic guide. The survey is introduced by a brief overview of existing work on robotic travel aids and other mobile robotic devices. The questionnaire comprises three sections on personal information about respondents, existing use of mobility and navigation devices and the functions and other features of a robotic guide. The survey found that respondents were very interested in the robotic guide having a number of different functions and being useful in a wide range of circumstances. They considered the robot's appearance to be very important but did not like any of the proposed designs. From their comments, respondents wanted the robot to be discreet and inconspicuous, small, light weight and portable, easy to use, robust to damage, require minimal maintenance, have a long life and a long battery life.
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Vorobyov, Albert, and Vladislav Sergeev. "Problems of appearance forming of the specialized robotic complexes." Robotics and Technical Cybernetics 9, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 312–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31776/rtcj.9408.
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Abstract The article attempts to structure the subject area of the creation and use of specialized robotic systems. It is assumed that the results obtained by the authors will make it possible in the future to form a unified plan for the collective use of heterogeneous groups of robotic systems in the interests of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and to determine the tactical and technical requirements for separate robotic means. Key words Movement, heterogeneous groups of robotic complexes, robot, technical appearance, control, payload.
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Ciuti, Gastone, Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka, Wojciech Marlicz, Veronica Iacovacci, Hongbin Liu, Danail Stoyanov, Alberto Arezzo, et al. "Frontiers of Robotic Colonoscopy: A Comprehensive Review of Robotic Colonoscopes and Technologies." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 6 (May 31, 2020): 1648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9061648.
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Flexible colonoscopy remains the prime mean of screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) and the gold standard of all population-based screening pathways around the world. Almost 60% of CRC deaths could be prevented with screening. However, colonoscopy attendance rates are affected by discomfort, fear of pain and embarrassment or loss of control during the procedure. Moreover, the emergence and global thread of new communicable diseases might seriously affect the functioning of contemporary centres performing gastrointestinal endoscopy. Innovative solutions are needed: artificial intelligence (AI) and physical robotics will drastically contribute for the future of the healthcare services. The translation of robotic technologies from traditional surgery to minimally invasive endoscopic interventions is an emerging field, mainly challenged by the tough requirements for miniaturization. Pioneering approaches for robotic colonoscopy have been reported in the nineties, with the appearance of inchworm-like devices. Since then, robotic colonoscopes with assistive functionalities have become commercially available. Research prototypes promise enhanced accessibility and flexibility for future therapeutic interventions, even via autonomous or robotic-assisted agents, such as robotic capsules. Furthermore, the pairing of such endoscopic systems with AI-enabled image analysis and recognition methods promises enhanced diagnostic yield. By assembling a multidisciplinary team of engineers and endoscopists, the paper aims to provide a contemporary and highly-pictorial critical review for robotic colonoscopes, hence providing clinicians and researchers with a glimpse of the major changes and challenges that lie ahead.
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Polverino, Giovanni, Mert Karakaya, Chiara Spinello, Vrishin R. Soman, and Maurizio Porfiri. "Behavioural and life-history responses of mosquitofish to biologically inspired and interactive robotic predators." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 16, no. 158 (September 2019): 20190359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0359.
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Invasive alien species threaten biodiversity worldwide and contribute to biotic homogenization, especially in freshwaters, where the ability of native animals to disperse is limited. Robotics may offer a promising tool to address this compelling problem, but whether and how invasive species can be negatively affected by robotic stimuli is an open question. Here, we explore the possibility of modulating behavioural and life-history responses of mosquitofish by varying the degree of biomimicry of a robotic predator, whose appearance and locomotion are inspired by natural mosquitofish predators. Our results support the prediction that real-time interactions at varying swimming speeds evoke a more robust antipredator response in mosquitofish than simpler movement patterns by the robot, especially in individuals with better body conditions that are less prone to take risks. Through an information-theoretic analysis of animal–robot interactions, we offer evidence in favour of a causal link between the motion of the robotic predator and a fish antipredator response. Remarkably, we observe that even a brief exposure to the robotic predator of 15 min per week is sufficient to erode energy reserves and compromise the body condition of mosquitofish, opening the door for future endeavours to control mosquitofish in the wild.
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Kishore, Sameer, Mar González-Franco, Christoph Hintemüller, Christoph Kapeller, Christoph Guger, Mel Slater, and Kristopher J. Blom. "Comparison of SSVEP BCI and Eye Tracking for Controlling a Humanoid Robot in a Social Environment." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 23, no. 3 (October 1, 2014): 242–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres_a_00192.
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Recent advances in humanoid robot technologies have made it possible to inhabit a humanlike form located at a remote place. This allows the participant to interact with others in that space and experience the illusion that the participant is actually present in the remote space. Moreover, with these humanlike forms, it may be possible to induce a full-body ownership illusion, where the robot body is perceived to be one's own. We show that it is possible to induce the full-body ownership illusion over a remote robotic body with a highly robotic appearance. Additionally, our results indicate that even with nonmanual control of a remote robotic body, it is possible to induce feelings of agency and illusions of body ownership. Two established control methods, an SSVEP-based BCI and eye tracking, were tested as a means of controlling the robot's gesturing. Our experience and the results indicate that both methods are tractable for immersive control of a humanoid robot in a social telepresence setting.
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Witkowski, Mark. "Affect in Robots for Interaction and Control - Challenges for the Engineer." Solid State Phenomena 260 (July 2017): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.260.3.
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This address will briefly consider the challenges and opportunities that arise from the integration of affect into robotic systems. Six challenge areas are identified as of particular relevance to robotics engineers. The first challenge is to sufficiently refine the display of affect by mechanical devices to give the impression or appearance of emotional engagement. The second challenge is to recognise affect as displayed by others, most particularly by human users. These two challenges relate primarily to the presentation of affect, there are related questions about how to best use it. It is widely assumed, though unproven, that these will improve the acceptability of robotic devices employed in the social and service sectors. The third challenge is to understand what about affect that can and cannot be understood in scientific and engineering terms. Much is open to measurement and modelling, but some - such as the notion of feelings - remain highly problematic. The fourth challenge is to take that analysis and build affect fully into the social control system of the robot, leading to essential progress in robot autonomy and working towards our understanding of the role and mechanism of natural affect. The fifth challenge is to find profitable application for affective robotics. One potential outcome is to build an enhanced level of behavioural compatibility between human user and robotic device. The sixth challenge as engineers is to ever take care - to ensure that reality does not, and is seen not to, match the popular apocalyptic expectation engendered at every opportunity by dramatist and film maker for robots imbued with "emotions".
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PENALOZA, Christian, Yasushi MAE, Tatsuo ARAI, Kenichi OHARA, and Tomohito TAKUBO. "2P1-Q04 Multi-Appearance Object Modeling using Camera Network in Household Environment(Intelligent and Robotic Room)." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2011 (2011): _2P1—Q04_1—_2P1—Q04_4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2011._2p1-q04_1.
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Sierra Rativa, Alexandra, Marie Postma, and Menno Van Zaanen. "The Influence of Game Character Appearance on Empathy and Immersion: Virtual Non-Robotic Versus Robotic Animals." Simulation & Gaming 51, no. 5 (July 2, 2020): 685–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1046878120926694.
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Background. Empathic interactions with animated game characters can help improve user experience, increase immersion, and achieve better affective outcomes related to the use of the game. Method. We used a 2x2 between-participant design and a control condition to analyze the impact of the visual appearance of a virtual game character on empathy and immersion. The four experimental conditions of the game character appearance were: Natural (virtual animal) with expressiveness (emotional facial expressions), natural (virtual animal) with non-expressiveness (without emotional facial expressions), artificial (virtual robotic animal) with expressiveness (emotional facial expressions), and artificial (virtual robotic animal) with non-expressiveness (without emotional facial expressions). The control condition contained a baseline amorphous game character. 100 participants between 18 to 29 years old (M=22.47) were randomly assigned to one of five experimental groups. Participants originated from several countries: Aruba (1), China (1), Colombia (3), Finland (1), France (1), Germany (1), Greece (2), Iceland (1), India (1), Iran (1), Ireland (1), Italy (3), Jamaica (1), Latvia (1), Morocco (3), Netherlands (70), Poland (1), Romania (2), Spain (1), Thailand (1), Turkey (1), United States (1), and Vietnam (1). Results. We found that congruence in appearance and facial expressions of virtual animals (artificial + non-expressive and natural + expressive) leads to higher levels of self-reported situational empathy and immersion of players in a simulated environment compared to incongruent appearance and facial expressions. Conclusions. The results of this investigation showed an interaction effect between artificial/natural body appearance and facial expressiveness of a virtual character’s appearance. The evidence from this study suggests that the appearance of the virtual animal has an important influence on user experience.
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Ruberto, Tommaso, Violet Mwaffo, Sukhgewanpreet Singh, Daniele Neri, and Maurizio Porfiri. "Zebrafish response to a robotic replica in three dimensions." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 10 (October 2016): 160505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160505.
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As zebrafish emerge as a species of choice for the investigation of biological processes, a number of experimental protocols are being developed to study their social behaviour. While live stimuli may elicit varying response in focal subjects owing to idiosyncrasies, tiredness and circadian rhythms, video stimuli suffer from the absence of physical input and rely only on two-dimensional projections. Robotics has been recently proposed as an alternative approach to generate physical, customizable, effective and consistent stimuli for behavioural phenotyping. Here, we contribute to this field of investigation through a novel four-degree-of-freedom robotics-based platform to manoeuvre a biologically inspired three-dimensionally printed replica. The platform enables three-dimensional motions as well as body oscillations to mimic zebrafish locomotion. In a series of experiments, we demonstrate the differential role of the visual stimuli associated with the biologically inspired replica and its three-dimensional motion. Three-dimensional tracking and information-theoretic tools are complemented to quantify the interaction between zebrafish and the robotic stimulus. Live subjects displayed a robust attraction towards the moving replica, and such attraction was lost when controlling for its visual appearance or motion. This effort is expected to aid zebrafish behavioural phenotyping, by offering a novel approach to generate physical stimuli moving in three dimensions.
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Cavallo, Filippo, Raffaele Esposito, Raffaele Limosani, Alessandro Manzi, Roberta Bevilacqua, Elisa Felici, Alessandro Di Nuovo, Angelo Cangelosi, Fabrizia Lattanzio, and Paolo Dario. "Robotic Services Acceptance in Smart Environments With Older Adults: User Satisfaction and Acceptability Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 20, no. 9 (September 21, 2018): e264. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/jmir.9460.
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Background In Europe, the population of older people is increasing rapidly. Many older people prefer to remain in their homes but living alone could be a risk for their safety. In this context, robotics and other emerging technologies are increasingly proposed as potential solutions to this societal concern. However, one-third of all assistive technologies are abandoned within one year of use because the end users do not accept them. Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the acceptance of the Robot-Era system, which provides robotic services to permit older people to remain in their homes. Methods Six robotic services were tested by 35 older users. The experiments were conducted in three different environments: private home, condominium, and outdoor sites. The appearance questionnaire was developed to collect the users’ first impressions about the Robot-Era system, whereas the acceptance was evaluated through a questionnaire developed ad hoc for Robot-Era. Results A total of 45 older users were recruited. The people were grouped in two samples of 35 participants, according to their availability. Participants had a positive impression of Robot-Era robots, as reflected by the mean score of 73.04 (SD 11.80) for DORO’s (domestic robot) appearance, 76.85 (SD 12.01) for CORO (condominium robot), and 75.93 (SD 11.67) for ORO (outdoor robot). Men gave ORO’s appearance an overall score higher than women (P=.02). Moreover, participants younger than 75 years understood more readily the functionalities of Robot-Era robots compared to older people (P=.007 for DORO, P=.001 for CORO, and P=.046 for ORO). For the ad hoc questionnaire, the mean overall score was higher than 80 out of 100 points for all Robot-Era services. Older persons with a high educational level gave Robot-Era services a higher score than those with a low level of education (shopping: P=.04; garbage: P=.047; reminding: P=.04; indoor walking support: P=.006; outdoor walking support: P=.03). A higher score was given by male older adults for shopping (P=.02), indoor walking support (P=.02), and outdoor walking support (P=.03). Conclusions Based on the feedback given by the end users, the Robot-Era system has the potential to be developed as a socially acceptable and believable provider of robotic services to facilitate older people to live independently in their homes.
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Reiter, Austin, Peter K. Allen, and Tao Zhao. "Appearance learning for 3D tracking of robotic surgical tools." International Journal of Robotics Research 33, no. 2 (November 11, 2013): 342–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0278364913507796.
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Nomura, Tatsuya. "Robots and Gender." Gender and the Genome 1, no. 1 (March 2017): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/gg.2016.29002.nom.
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This article provides an overview of the current research on gender in human-robot interaction (HRI) including a discussion of the effects of gender characteristics in robotics design (robot gender), gender differences on interaction with robots (human gender), and some interaction effects between the two. The article also reviews research that examined the impact of the interaction between humans and robots with regard to robot appearance and behaviors, and situational factors, such as tasks and roles. Although the current state of research findings is complicated, it appears that even simple gendering of robots by manipulation of voice and name can affect humans’ feelings and behaviors toward robots. These effects vary and are dependent on other factors, including human gender. Future research should focus on gender stereotypes, cultural influences, and robotic applications in various fields. At the same time, we should consider if gendering of robots, for given roles, is really necessary to encourage interactions between humans and robots.
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Dilip, Golda, Ramakrishna Guttula, Sivaram Rajeyyagari, Hemalatha S, Radha Raman Pandey, Ashim Bora, Pravin R Kshirsagar, Khanapurkar M M, and Venkatesa Prabhu Sundramurthy. "Artificial Intelligence-Based Smart Comrade Robot for Elders Healthcare with Strait Rescue System." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2022 (January 25, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9904870.
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A rising proportion of older people has more demand on services including hospitals, retirement homes, and assisted living facilities. Regaining control of this population’s expectations will pose new difficulties for lawmakers, medical professionals, and the society at large. Smart technology can help older people to have independent and fulfilling lives while still living safely and securely in the community. In the last several decades, the number of sectors using robots has risen. Comrade robots have made their appearance in old human life, with the most recent notable appearance being in their care. The number of elderly individuals is increasing dramatically throughout the globe. The source of the story is the use of robots to help elderly people with day-to-day activities. Speech data and facial recognition model are done with AI model. Here, with the Comrade robotic model, elder people’s healthcare system is designed with better analysis state. The aim is to put in place a simple robotic buddy to determine the health of the old person via a headband that has been given to them. Comrade robot may do things like senior citizens home automation, home equipment control, safety, and wellbeing sensing, and, in emergency situation, routine duties like navigating in the outside world. The fear that robotics and artificial intelligence would eventually eliminate most of the jobs is increasing. It is anticipated that, in order to survive and stay relevant in the constantly shifting environment of work, workers of the future will need to be creative and versatile and prepared to identify new business possibilities and change industry to meet challenges of the world. According to the research, reflective practice, time management, communicating, and collaboration are important in fostering creativity.
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Tanaka, Takayuki. "Special Issue on Robotics and Mechatronics Which Lead the 21st Century." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 13, no. 1 (February 20, 2001): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2001.p0003.
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Today we celebrate the 21st Century's first issue of the Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics. Modern robotics technology was initiated by 2 US industrial robots, Unimate and Versatran, developed in 1962. George C. Devol's US patent in 1958 on the programmable machine advantageous in repetitive work provided a key technology for both industrial robots and robotics. ""Programmable"" combines machines (hardware) and computer (software). One of the most outstanding examples of this combination is mechatronics. Products based on mechatronics technology (MT) include industrial equipment, home appliances, and personal goods. In Japan, MT products have been occupying the largest part of export on a money basis since the 1960s. Although the main interest of robotics was the industrial robot and its application to production automation up to the 1980s, concepts and products related to a robotics have changed and expanded its realm from production use to personal use, expanding the coexistence of the robot and human beings. Honda Motor Corp. released the Humanoid P2, the world's first human-like biped able to walk dynamically in 1997. It created worldwide surprise and enthusiasm. Two years after the appearance of P2, Sony Corp. put its canine robot AIBO into the world market where it created an even greater shock than P2. We recognize three important technologies that have accomplished major human global development in the last half of the 20th century. They are information technology (IT) based on computer technology, MT including robotic technology and biotechnology (BT). We believe these three will prevail as fundamental technologies in the first half of the 21 st Century and the combination or integration of these technologies such as I-MT, B-MT, I-BT, and B-IT will become more and more important in providing fruitful results. In closing, I would like to express my cordial thanks to all authors who submitted such informative and invaluable papers for this issue.
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Vazhapilli Sureshbabu, Anand, Giorgio Metta, and Alberto Parmiggiani. "A Systematic Approach to Evaluating and Benchmarking Robotic Hands—The FFP Index." Robotics 8, no. 1 (January 29, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics8010007.
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The evaluation of robotic hands is a subjectively biased, complex process. The fields pertaining to robotic hands are human-centric in nature, making human hands a good standard for benchmark comparisons of robotic hands. To achieve this, we propose a new evaluation index, where we evaluate robotic hands on three fronts: their form, features and performance. An evaluation on how anthropomorphic robotic hands are in basic mobility, and appearance constitutes the “Form”, while features that can be read, changed and actuated for effective control of robotic hands constitutes the “Features”. We derived these key features from an extensive analysis of robotic hands in literature. Finally, the robotic hands carry out a series of tasks that evaluate their “Performance”. An individual score for each category is drawn and we carry out a three-pronged analysis. We also propose an additional feature in the form of price to provide context when analysing multiple hands.
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Takada, Yogo, Keisuke Koyama, and Takahiro Usami. "Robotic Fish." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 26, no. 3 (June 20, 2014): 391–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2014.p0391.
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<div class=""abs_img""><img src=""[disp_template_path]/JRM/abst-image/00260003/13.jpg"" width=""300"" />Structure of BREAM </span></div> Based on our robotic fish studies since 2003, this paper introduces a FPGA offline control underwater searcher (FOCUS) and a bream robot equipped with advanced mechanism (BREAM). The performance of the first FOCUS prototype, built in 2011, is now being improved. FOCUS has 2 cameras and fieldprogrammable gate arrays (FPGAs) with high arithmetic processing capabilities. The appearance of the FOCUS is so cute. The two FOCUS types now available are an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) and a remotely operated vehicle (ROV). BREAM, in contrast, is an entertainment robot prototype designed for Asutamuland Tokushima exhibition. BREAM has four joints based on analytical computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results showing that robotic fish with multiple joints achieve better propulsion performance than that with single joint. Two of the four joints are used for propulsion and two are used for turning the prototype. RC-FOCUS is also exhibited at Asutamuland Tokushima, together with BREAM. </span>
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Limniati, Laida, Dalila Honorato, and Andreas Giannakoulopoulos. "Like real friends do: Communicating on social media with Sophia the robot." Technoetic Arts 19, no. 1-2 (June 1, 2021): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/tear_00060_1.
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Human–robot interaction (HRI) is the study focused on the relationship between humans and robots. HRI as a study combines elements from different fields such as computer science, artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, psychology and sociology. With the advancement in the field of AI, HRI showed greater improvements and now, we have the first robot recognized as a citizen of a country: Sophia the robot. Sophia is a robot that has a humanoid form, first made her appearance in 2016 and, according to her creators, is a mix of technology, arts and robotics. Since then, Sophia has made a lot of appearances in different TV shows, given interviews and participated in commercials. Sophia also has her own social media accounts. Our study focuses on Sophia’s presence on social media and the ways she communicates with people and the rhetorics she makes use of. Hence, it studies the advances on HRI and the issues encountered in the field of communication. For our research, we used purposive sampling and content analysis in cases needed in order to study Sophia’s communication patterns and behaviour. At this point, we will delve into the communication with the AI aspect of HRI.
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Saravanan, Vimala, M. Ramachandran, and Vidhya Prasanth. "An Overview of Network Robot System and Its Applications." Design, Modelling and Fabrication of Advanced Robots 1, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.46632/dmfar/1/2/4.
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A robot capable of performing multiple tasks is a multi-purpose device with one or more arms and joints. Robots are similar to humans, but industrial robots do not resemble humans. Any machine that operates automatically that modifies human effort is a robot that does not look or resemble humans in appearance or perform human-like functions. In a nutshell, The full layout of ROBOT consists of a movable body system, a motor, which controls all of these organs is the "brain". Basically, the engineering department handles construction and operation. Reflect the behavior of humans and animals. Robotics, layout, production and use of machines (robots) to perform responsibilities traditionally carried out by humans. Robots are extensively used in industries which include automotive manufacturing, and in industries that require them to perform easy obligations and work in hazardous environments. The six most common kinds of robots are self sustaining cellular robots (AMRs), automatic guided motors (AGVs), exposed robots, human figures, robots and hybrids. Are robots used to power performance, speed up procedures, enhance safety, and enhance experience in more than one industry. One of the key factors controlling how an industrial robot moves and its workplace is its robot structure. There are six main types of robot structures: Cartesian, cylindrical, spherical, and selectively compatible articulated robotic arm (SCARA). Articulate, and the delta (parallel) is a human-like machine and the machine performs routine tasks according to command. A person who acts mechanically, routinely and responsibly, usually subject to the will of another; Automatic. Robots are often controlled wirelessly or autonomously using tether (wire). The easiest way to control a robot is to use a hand-held controller that is physically attached to the robot using wires or cable. What are robotics and robotics? A robot is Any device that transforms human effort, although it no longer appears like someone in look or perform the same capabilities as someone. As a discipline, Robotics offers the layout, construction and operation of robots.
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Controzzi, Marco, Marco D'Alonzo, Carlo Peccia, Calogero Maria Oddo, Maria Chiara Carrozza, and Christian Cipriani. "Bioinspired Fingertip for Anthropomorphic Robotic Hands." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 11, no. 1-2 (2014): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/864573.
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Background: An artificial fingertip with mechanical features and appearance similar to the human fingertip could represent a significant step forward towards the development of the next generation artificial hands. However, so far, a fingertip showing a good trade-off among mechanical features, appearance and anthropomorphism, along with its 3D computational model, is still missing.Objective: To explore and develop an artificial fingertip demonstrating a mechanical response similar to the human fingertip, in order to improve the grasp stability of robotic hands.Methods: Taking inspiration from the multi-layered structure of the human finger, novel artificial fingertips, composed of a rigid core and covered by layers of polymeric materials with different degrees of stiffness and topped by a hard nail were developed. An accurate 3D finite element (FE) model was also developed in order to simulate and evaluate the internal mechanical behavior of the prototypes under external indentations. The mechanical response of the prototypes was assessed and compared with that of the human fingertip and the FE model results, under different experimental conditions. Finally, the artificial fingertips were integrated into an anthropomorphic robotic hand and evaluated in grip tests, in order to compare the grasp stability with respect to conventional stiff (metal) fingertips.Results: The developed prototypes demonstrated a response to compression tests similar to the human finger and the FE model showed a discrete accuracy (mean error 7%). Finally, an increased ability (by 96%) in stably holding objects during precision grips with respect to conventional stiff fingers was demonstrated.Conclusion: Multi-layered biomimetic fingertips can improve grasp stability and cosmetic appearance of anthropomorphic robot hands.
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Kuwamura, Kaiko, Takashi Minato, Shuichi Nishio, and Hiroshi Ishiguro. "Inconsistency of personality evaluation caused by appearance gap in robotic telecommunication." Interaction Studies 16, no. 2 (November 20, 2015): 249–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.16.2.10kuw.
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Compared with other communication media such as cellphones and video chat, teleoperated robots have a physical existence which increases the feeling of copresence. However, the appearance of a teleoperated robot is always the same regardless of the characteristics of its operator. Since people can determine their partner’s personality from his/her appearance, a teleoperated robot’s appearance might construct a personality that confuses the user. Our research focuses on establishing what kind of appearance of the telecommunication media could prevent confusion and increase the feeling of copresence. In this study, we compare the appearance of three types of communication media (nonhuman-like robot, human-like robot, and video chat with a projection of the speaker). The result shows that, in the case of the human-like robot, the consistency of the personality judgment is better than in the case of the nonhuman-like robot. Also, we found that teleoperated robots transmit a more appropriate context-based atmosphere, while the video chat transmits more nonverbal information, such as facial expressions.
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Sinatra, Anne M., Valerie K. Sims, Matthew G. Chin, and Heather C. Lum. "If it looks like a dog." Interaction Studies 13, no. 2 (May 7, 2012): 235–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.13.2.04sin.
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This study was designed to compare the natural free form communication that takes place when a person interacts with robotic entities versus live animals. One hundred and eleven participants interacted with one of four entities: an AIBO robotic dog, Legobot, Dog or Cat. It was found that participants tended to rate the Dog as more capable than the other entities, and often spoke to it more than the robotic entities. However, participants were not positively biased toward live entities, as the Cat often was thought of and spoken to similarly to the AIBO robot. Results are consistent with a model in which both appearance and interactivity lead to the development of beliefs about a live or robotic entity in an interaction. Keywords: Human-robot interaction; human-animal interaction; AIBO; free form communication; attributions; human-entity interaction
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Zainul Azlan, Norsinnira, Mubeenah Titilola Sanni, and Ifrah Shahdad. "Low-cost pick and place anthropomorphic robotic arm for the disabled and humanoid applications." Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech) 1, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/arstech.v1i2.25.
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This paper presents the design and development of a new low-cost pick and place anthropomorphic robotic arm for the disabled and humanoid applications. Anthropomorphic robotic arms are weapons similar in scale, appearance, and functionality to humans, and functionality. The developed robotic arm was simple, lightweight, and has four degrees of freedom (DOF) at the hand, shoulder, and elbow joints. The measurement of the link was made close to the length of the human arm. The anthropomorphic robotic arm was actuated by four DC servo motors and controlled using an Arduino UNO microcontroller board. The voice recognition unit drove the command input for the targeted object. The forward and inverse kinematics of the proposed new robotic arm has been analysed and used to program the low cost anthropomorphic robotic arm prototype to reach the desired position in the pick and place operation. This paper’s contribution is in developing the low cost, light, and straightforward weight anthropomorphic arm that can be easily attached to other applications such as a wheelchair and the kinematic study of the specific robot. The low-cost robotic arm’s capability has been tested, and the experimental results show that it can perform basic pick place tasks for the disabled and humanoid applications.
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Milman, Ady, and Asli D. A. Tasci. "Consumer reactions to different robotic servers in theme parks." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology 13, no. 2 (March 10, 2022): 314–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhtt-03-2021-0102.
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Purpose This study aims to understand the theme park visitors’ perceived robotic qualities featured in four different robots, assess their robotic functions and consumers’ loyalty toward four different robotic server types. Design/methodology/approach A structured online survey of 399 respondents measured and compared consumer perceptions related to qualities and functions of robots in a theme park context and consumers’ behavioral intentions in four different robotic scenarios – anime, cartoon-like, human-like and animal-like robots in theme parks. Survey data were collected on an online platform and analyzed by SPSS. Findings The results showed some expected differences in robotic qualities among the different robot-type scenarios, but similar reactions overall. The findings also provided insight into the type of robots that consumers prefer and showed a little more preference toward human-like robotic servers. Research limitations/implications The study was restricted to several robotic scenarios in North American theme parks. Future qualitative and quantitative studies should look in more detail at theme park visitors’ participation in the robotic service delivery process, the robots’ mobility and interactions with fellow visitors. Practical implications The findings can guide practitioners on robots’ looks, qualities and functionalities to consider for introducing to their patrons to create more interactive environments and experiences. Originality/value The study revealed some new knowledge about consumer expectations for robotic servers in theme parks. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that compares different robot types on their perceived appearance, qualities and functionality, or consumers’ behavioral tendencies in the context of theme parks.
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Trovato, Gabriele, Alexander Lopez, Renato Paredes, Diego Quiroz, and Francisco Cuellar. "Design and Development of a Security and Guidance Robot for Employment in a Mall." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 16, no. 05 (October 2019): 1950027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843619500270.
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Among the possible fields in human society in which robotics can be applied, the possibility of a robotic guard has been imagined since long time. Human guards usually perform a range of tasks in which a robot can provide help. Security personnel not only perform security tasks and patrolling services, but also have to interact with people, providing additional information about the area they safeguard. In this paper, we present the design, development and preliminary tests of RobotMan, an anthropomorphic robot commissioned by a security company that should serve in security roles, such as patrolling large indoor areas and acting as a telepresence platform for the human guards, and guidance roles such as welcoming visitors and providing information. In the preliminary experiment, the new robot and a human guard were employed the roles of security and guidance in a manufacturing center. The results of the experiment collected from 96 participants highlighted differences in participants’ behavior when interacting with the robot rather than the human and a different perception of likeability and authority of the robot depending on subtle differences in its appearance and behavior. These results provide useful indication for the employment of robot guards in a real world situation.
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Zhang, Guo Peng, and Bo Wang. "Research and Application of Robotics Remote Sensing." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 2074–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.2074.
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The paper takes robotics remote sensing as research background. Robotics remote sensing is a newly developed research area. Compared with traditional remote sensing and robotics technology, definition of robotics remote sensing is discussed in the first part. In the second part, the paper combines the latest international and domestic research references and practical robotics application platform. It mainly studies robotics remote sensing on eight-wheeled robot RAT-1 for mine sensing, mobile robot with IR-optical sensor for gas leak detection and source localization, ambient intelligent robot for environmental surveillance, mobile robot for object localization and other hot research points. Because of its new appearance, studies of robotics remote sensing are not matured. So the paper also indicates key problems existed in each application and predicts three most possible development aspects of robotics remote sensing at last.
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Lancaster, Karen. "The Robotic Touch." Philosophy in the Contemporary World 25, no. 2 (2019): 88–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/pcw201925218.
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An elderly patient in a care home only wants human nurses to provide her care – not robots. If she selected her carers based on skin colour, it would be seen as racist and morally objectionable, but is choosing a human nurse instead of a robot also morally objectionable and speciesist? A plausible response is that it is not, because humans provide a better standard of care than robots do, making such a choice justifiable. In this paper, I show why this response is incorrect, because robots can theoretically care as well as human nurses can. I differentiate between practical caring and emotional caring, and I argue that robots can match the standard of practical care given by human nurses, and they can simulate emotional care. There is growing evidence that people respond positively to robotic creatures and carebots, and AI software is apt to emotionally support patients in spite of the machine’s own lack of emotions. I make the case that the appearance of emotional care is sufficient, and need not be linked to emotional states within the robot. After all, human nurses undoubtedly ‘fake’ emotional care and compassion sometimes, yet their patients still feel adequately cared for. I show that it is a mistake to claim that ‘the human touch’ is in itself a contributor to a higher standard of care; ‘the robotic touch’ will suffice. Nevertheless, it is not speciesist to favour human nurses over carebots, because carebots do not (currently) suffer as the result of such a choice.
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Soloviev, A. I., Sh I. Jafarova, A. B. Syritsky, A. M. Alstadt, and M. D. Nizamov. "Promising layouts of the robotic section." Glavnyj mekhanik (Chief Mechanic), no. 6 (June 9, 2022): 372–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pro-2-2206-03.
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Mechanical processing of machine-building parts in most cases is associated with the appearance of burrs, sharp edges, chips. To remove them, various types of equipment and tools are developed and used, a large amount of work is done manually by workers. In this paper, it is proposed to combine finishing and stripping operations performed using adjustable wire tools on multi-purpose machines using robotic manipulators. At the same time, it is proposed to use a system for monitoring the presence of burrs by machine vision processing information using a brightness-geometric model and filtering image pixels by brightness. Two variants of schemes for the organization of promising layouts of a robotic site are proposed to reduce the share of manual labor, expand the functions of robotic manipulators and the widespread use of adjustable wire tools.
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Martini, Molly C., Christian A. Gonzalez, and Eva Wiese. "Seeing Minds in Others – Can Agents with Robotic Appearance Have Human-Like Preferences?" PLOS ONE 11, no. 1 (January 8, 2016): e0146310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146310.
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Sone, Yuji. "Hiroshi Ishiguro: Android science and 'upstream engagement'." Journal of Science & Popular Culture 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jspc_00010_1.
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Abstract This article discusses Hiroshi Ishiguro, a Japanese celebrity roboticist internationally acclaimed for his creation of androids. While his anthropomorphic machines are intended as models for future human-like robots, participating in work and domestic contexts, Ishiguro also regards them as experimental tools for investigations into questions of human identity. Beyond engineering challenges, he is not afraid to ask philosophical questions, such as 'what is the human?' Ishiguro has even had facial plastic surgery to match the appearance of his robot double, Geminoid HI-1. He has been described as the bad boy of Japanese robotics, an eccentric genius who is recognized as such in Japan, and overseas. While Ishiguro conducts scientific experiments, he has also deployed his anthropomorphic robots in popular entertainment contexts such as film, television, theatre and in museum exhibitions. Although Ishiguro's androids have almost always been included in mainstream western journalism's coverage concerning the development of next-generation robots in Japan, his anthropomorphic machines are often shown along with a photo of Ishiguro in his trademark black clothing, and described as 'freaky' and 'creepy'. I argue that Ishiguro's presentation feeds the western fascination with Japanese robot technology. This article examines the relationship between Ishiguro's larger-than-life public persona and his philosophy concerning his work as a kind of storytelling and upstream engagement in the context of robotic science.
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Caudwell, Catherine, and Cherie Lacey. "What do home robots want? The ambivalent power of cuteness in robotic relationships." Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 26, no. 4 (April 2, 2019): 956–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354856519837792.
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A wave of social, domestic robots is poised to enter our homes. Robots such as Jibo, Kuri and Olly are networked with other ‘smart’ devices and use cameras and voice control to provide companionship, care and household management. These robots are proposed as members of the family, and as such must encourage intimacy and trust with their human caregivers. In this article, we explore the nexus between the cute aesthetic of home robots and the kinds of affective relationships this aesthetic enables with the human user. Our argument is that the cuteness of home robots creates a highly ambivalent relationship of power between (human) subject and (robotic/digital) object, whereby the manifestation of consciousness and the production of lasting emotional bonds require home robots to exceed the affective and semiotic limitations, even as their cute appearance may encourage the production of intimacy. By exceeding the borders established by their own design, home robots are able to manifest as conscious beings, a manifestation which both destabilizes the power differential between user and robot and, paradoxically, points to the possibility of their own replacement. To explore these ideas, we discuss three soon-to-be-released social robots: Mayfield Robotics’ Kuri, Emotech’s Olly and Jibo Inc.’s Jibo. Each promises a unique personality that will integrate them as a member of the family.
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Kamarul Bahrin, Syed Zainal Abidin Syed, and Khairul Salleh Mohamed Sahari. "Solenoid actuated Five-fingered robotic hand design: evaluating the capability of solenoid actuators in generating basic finger motions." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 15, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 1273. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i3.pp1273-1281.
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<span lang="EN-GB">There are numerous robotic hand designs but the five-fingered robotic hand design is the most dexterous robotic hand design due to its similar appearance and motions with the human hands. The fingers' motions are commonly driven by geared motors or other types of emerging technologies. However, the motions are yet to be driven directly by solenoid actuators due to its limited stroke length and also general perceptions of its applications as an actuator. Nevertheless, solenoid actuators are known for their fast reaction time and strong holding force which are useful to generate fast motions and strong grasping actions. To realise this concept, previous research and developments had been done by the authors but the outcome was not convincing enough due to the absence of a working prototype. Therefore, this paper introduced a new solenoid actuated robotic hand design and its prototype. The prototype was then tested and evaluated in accordance to the operational concept where the findings showed that the solenoid actuators were capable of generating basic finger motions</span><span>.</span>
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Avşar, Dilehan, and Gökhan Avşar. "Robotic Flight Systems and Applications." Academic Perspective Procedia 1, no. 1 (November 9, 2018): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.01.01.42.
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Drone technology is becoming more and more popular in our lives. Drone technology; industry, art, agricultural production, and many other areas are heavily used. With the system called Agricultural Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (DRONE), at least 10 percent efficiency is expected to be achieved every year in agricultural land. In practice, agricultural lands are examined and the places where intervention is needed for soil health are determined. With the multispectral camera on it, the appearance of the land is examined and a soil map is taken and it is determined that the area of 100 hectares is photographed in 30 minutes. As a result, soil structure is analyzed, chlorophyll map is created, plant health is examined and weeds are detected. Irrigation is also checked for difficulty. After the work, it is ensured that the producer can benefit from the soil in the most efficient way. In this study, you will be informed about the types of drone types used for agricultural purposes, whether you need to register a drone owner's vehicle, selected applications and what you can see in the images. with the help of a detailed literature, those experienced in different countries and in particular for agriculture to be evaluated will be determined case for Turkey.
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Fan, Jizhuang, Qilong Du, Zhihui Dong, Jie Zhao, and Tian Xu. "Design of the Jump Mechanism for a Biomimetic Robotic Frog." Biomimetics 7, no. 4 (September 24, 2022): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics7040142.
Full textAbstract:
Frogs are vertebrate amphibians with both efficient swimming and jumping abilities due to their well-developed hind legs. They can jump over obstacles that are many or even tens of times their size on land. However, most of the current jumping mechanisms of biomimetic robotic frogs use simple four-bar linkage mechanisms, which has an unsatisfactory biomimetic effect on the appearance and movement characteristics of frogs. At the same time, multi-joint jumping robots with biomimetic characteristics are subject to high drive power requirements for jumping action. In this paper, a novel jumping mechanism of a biomimetic robotic frog is proposed. Firstly, the structural design of the forelimb and hindlimb of the frog is given, and the hindlimb of the robotic frog is optimized based on the design of a single-degree-of-freedom six-bar linkage. A simplified model is established to simulate the jumping motion. Secondly, a spring energy storage and trigger mechanism is designed, including incomplete gear, one-way bearing, torsion spring, and so on, to realize the complete jumping function of the robot, that is, elastic energy storage and regulation, elastic energy release, and rapid leg retraction. Thirdly, the experimental prototype of the biomimetic robotic frog is fabricated. Finally, the rationality and feasibility of the jumping mechanism are verified by a jumping experiment. This work provides a technical and theoretical basis for the design and development of a high-performance amphibious biomimetic robotic frog.
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Strathearn, Carl. "Artificial Eyes with Emotion and Light Responsive Pupils for Realistic Humanoid Robots." Informatics 8, no. 4 (September 23, 2021): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/informatics8040064.
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This study employs a novel 3D engineered robotic eye system with dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) pupils and a 3D sculpted and colourised gelatin iris membrane to replicate the appearance and materiality of the human eye. A camera system for facial expression analysis (FEA) was installed in the left eye, and a photo-resistor for measuring light frequencies in the right. Unlike previous prototypes, this configuration permits the robotic eyes to respond to both light and emotion proximal to a human eye. A series of experiments were undertaken using a pupil tracking headset to monitor test subjects when observing positive and negative video stimuli. A second test measured pupil dilation ranges to high and low light frequencies using a high-powered artificial light. This data was converted into a series of algorithms for servomotor triangulation to control the photosensitive and emotive pupil dilation sequences. The robotic eyes were evaluated against the pupillometric data and video feeds of the human eyes to determine operational accuracy. Finally, the dilating robotic eye system was installed in a realistic humanoid robot (RHR) and comparatively evaluated in a human-robot interaction (HRI) experiment. The results of this study show that the robotic eyes can emulate the average pupil reflex of the human eye under typical light conditions and to positive and negative emotive stimuli. However, the results of the HRI experiment indicate that replicating natural eye contact behaviour was more significant than emulating pupil dilation.
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Martini, Molly C., Christian A. Gonzalez, and Eva Wiese. "Correction: Seeing Minds in Others – Can Agents with Robotic Appearance Have Human-Like Preferences?" PLOS ONE 11, no. 2 (February 12, 2016): e0149766. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149766.
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