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G, Ranganthan, and Smys S. "SURVEY ON ROBOT PROCESS AUTOMATION APPLICATION IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES." Journal of Electrical Engineering and Automation 1, no. 02 (December 25, 2019): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jeea.2019.2.006.
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The Robotic Process automation (RPA) plays a vital part in the digital transformation scheme in maximum number of the organizations as they provide numerous of benefits over the conventional automation solutions that are out dated. The RPA provides an increased accuracy and productivity in the industries ensuring the cost savings and the reduced resource utilization with the technical barriers that are non-invasive. The paper presents the survey on the application of robot process automation in various industrial processes and the over view of the benefits in using the RPA.
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Jędrzejka, Dariusz. "Robotic process automation and its impact on accounting." Zeszyty Teoretyczne Rachunkowości 2019, no. 105 (161) (December 22, 2019): 137–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.6061.
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The paper seeks to explain the concept of robotic process automation (RPA), the ways it impacts accounting, and suggest future research directions. A literature review of previous studies and state-of-the-art sources has been conducted to reveal research gaps. The results provide insights into the nature of the accounting transformation. The potential for automating accounting processes with RPA is high, and robots are predicted to replace accountants for a considerable part of their tasks. That could lead to the disappearance of entry-level accounting positions and, simultaneously, the creation of new accountant roles. Future accountants’ responsibilities will go beyond bookkeeping and financial reporting towards business advisory and leading the RPA transformation. The change entails the need to improve their soft skills, and technology and data skills. It calls for more studies on an effective method to integrate these skills into the accounting education model. Further research is required to examine the potential negative effects of employing robots. These relate to the unnecessary human-robot competition, unintended organisational structure changes, deskilling, and building expertise and knowledge management. Finally, to obtain a more comprehensive view of the impacts of RPA performance, more in-depth research is needed to account for all the financial and non-financial effects of RPA implementation.
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Šimek, Dalibor, and Roman Šperka. "How Robot/human Orchestration Can Help in an HR Department: A Case Study From a Pilot Implementation." Organizacija 52, no. 3 (August 1, 2019): 204–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/orga-2019-0013.
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Abstract Background and Purpose: Motivation of this research is to explore the current trend in automating the business processes through software robots (Robotic Process Automation – RPA) and its managing within enterprise environment where most of the processes are executed by human workforce. As the RPA technology expands the demand for its coordinating grows as well. The possible solution to this challenge is shown in case study research in form of implementing orchestration platform to a concrete business process of onboarding in HR department of a multinational company. The aim of this paper is to explore the phases and activities of the pilot project implementation of Robotic Service Orchestration (RSO) in combination with RPA technology and to assess the potential benefits. Design/Methodology/Approach: Case study research approach was selected to explore the research phenomena, which is the implementation of RSO platform in combination with RPA technology and assessing incoming benefits. The case is formed with 2 companies – (1) multinational company with ongoing effort of automating onboarding process, (2) technology and consulting company delivering the automation solution. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with respondents from two involved companies and by analysing internal documents. Results: The analysis of case provided in this paper revealed some key insights: (1) strategical position of RSO and tactical position of RPA towards the existing legacy systems, (2) need for increased focus on initial process modelling phase, (3) Application Programming Interface (API) integration is more viable solution for RPA, (4) the biggest benefit of RPA - its agility, (5) future potential of the RSO replacing the BPMS. Conclusions: First of all, there is a need of higher number of software robots adopted in a company before orchestration could pay off. On the other side, current Business Process Management Systems (BPMS) solutions don’t offer functionalities for managing human and software robots workforce altogether. RPA is expected to expand and without proper orchestration the effectivity will not grow constantly.
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Li, Wenxia. "Financial Crisis Warning of Financial Robot Based on Artificial Intelligence." Revue d'Intelligence Artificielle 34, no. 5 (November 20, 2020): 553–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ria.340504.
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Robotic process automation (RPA) financial robot provides a modern and intelligent tool for financial management, and financial business processing. Currently, more than 32% of financial applications are implemented by RPA financial robot. As an alternative of human in operation and judgment, the financial robot faces some inevitable risks in actual application. So far, there is a severe lack of theoretical or practical research into the risks or operational guarantees of RPA financial robot. To bridge the gap, this paper proposes a financial crisis warning model for financial robot based on artificial neural network (ANN), drawing on the merits of artificial intelligence (AI) like self-learning, self-adaptation, and self-adjustment. Specifically, a hierarchical evaluation index system (EIS) and the corresponding warning strategy were prepared for the financial crisis of RPA financial robot. Next, the financial crisis of RPA financial robot was evaluated both statically and dynamically. Then, antecedent and subsequent networks were merged into a fuzzy neural network (FNN) for predicting financial crisis of RPA financial robot. The proposed model was proved effective and accurate through experiments.
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Siderska, Julia. "Robotic Process Automation — a driver of digital transformation?" Engineering Management in Production and Services 12, no. 2 (July 23, 2020): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/emj-2020-0009.
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AbstractThe paper introduces Robotic Process Automation (RPA), which is an emerging and cutting-edge conception of business processes automation, based on the notion of software robots or artificial intelligence workers. The paper is conceptual as it discusses the fundamentals behind this idea, synthesises the knowledge of technology, and presents it in a new context. It is based on the author's considerations and the literature review, which contributes to the insight into the basic understanding of RPA technology as well as systematises and clarifies RPA definitions, identifies market trends, formulates a set of predictions for further development of this technology, and highlights directions for future inquiry. Additionally, logical arguments are proposed for considering RPA as a technology that enables and advances digital transformation. Moreover, criteria are indicated for business processes suitable for RPA. Nowadays, the robotisation of business processes a s innovative technology is more often practically implemented than it is investigated by research. Published papers outline real examples of implemented cases of RPA technology in organisations that mainly represent service industries. These case studies allow identifying possible advantages and risks derived from RPA implementation. Recent studies also report benefits of the RPA application in terms of productivity, costs, service quality, and error reduction. Some authors propose the criteria for selecting processes suitable for automation and robotisation. This paper constitutes a foundation for new research aimed at filling knowledge gaps in this area. Responding to the call by van der Aalst, academic discourse on RPA must be initiated.
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Vincent, Nishani Edirisinghe, Amy Igou, and Mary B. Burns. "Preparing for the Robots: A Proposed Course in Robotic Process Automation." Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting 17, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jeta-2020-020.
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ABSTRACT Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is poised to change the accounting and auditing workplace significantly. RPA will likely shift the skillset needed by all accountants. Therefore, the accounting curriculum quickly needs to adapt to educate accountants of the future in this skillset. This paper presents a proposed course, focusing on the automation of accounting processes, to add to the accounting curriculum. The course includes an introduction of RPA and how to use the tools. The course focuses on a development framework for the implementation of technology as well as governance of the application.
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Santos, Filipa, Rúben Pereira, and José Braga Vasconcelos. "Toward robotic process automation implementation: an end-to-end perspective." Business Process Management Journal 26, no. 2 (September 20, 2019): 405–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bpmj-12-2018-0380.
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Purpose Robotic process automation (RPA) seeks to automate business processes, using software robots that interact with systems through their user interface, improving efficiency and reducing costs. However, some critical steps, such as identifying processes suitable for RPA automation, can have a tremendous impact in organizations if a wrong process is selected. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide an approach for analyzing RPA development in business organizations. Design/methodology/approach This research presents a cohesive literature review about RPA, in order to identify RPA main concepts, which should be reported and considered in all RPA case studies. A model connecting the main elicited RPA concepts is presented as well as its evaluation and applicability grounded of past RPA case study (CS) analysis, using design science research. Findings The results from this research show that most of the RPA main concepts gathered in the literature review are not reported in the selected RPA CSs. Originality/value As RPA is a recent topic, literature lacks a synthetization of RPA main topics. This research aims to fill the gap on that, by identifying and synthesize the main topics related to RPA and proposing a model that connects the main RPA concepts, which can be used by researchers as a schema for conducting and writing RPA case studies.
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Siderska, Julia. "The Adoption of Robotic Process Automation Technology to Ensure Business Processes during the COVID-19 Pandemic." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 18, 2021): 8020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13148020.
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The study provides knowledge on the adoption of the Robotic Process Automation (RPA) technology during the COVID-19 pandemic in 110 Polish service companies. As this research was the first of its kind in Poland, the objectives of the CAWI survey were to identify the technology features of the RPA technology and the related determinants and barriers influencing the adoption of the RPA as well as to determine correlations between them. Moreover, the statistical analyses involved considering whether there were differences in the evaluation of individual RPA technology features, mainly in terms of perceived usefulness, ease of use, security and functionality. The results of the study show that almost 60% of the respondents indicated that robotization tools allowed maintaining continuity of business processes during the pandemic. The highest rated were features related to usefulness of the RPA technology. Furthermore, the analysis pointed to the most frequently indicated barriers to technology implementation that were related to nonoptimized, nonstandardized and non-digitized processes with a large number of exceptions. The study contributes to scientific knowledge and has practical implications for process automation decision-makers concerned with the adoption of the Robotic Process Automation technology. The obtained results can help them to understand the potential drivers of and barriers to the adoption of software robots by enterprises and may be an important determinant for companies’ managers in the field of implementing such solutions.
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Anagnoste, Sorin. "Robotic Automation Process - The next major revolution in terms of back office operations improvement." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 11, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 676–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/picbe-2017-0072.
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Abstract Forced to provide results consistent results to shareholders the organizations turned to Robotic Process Automation (RPA) in order to tackle the following typical challenges they face: (1) Cost reduction, (2) Quality increase and (3) Faster processes. RPA is now considered the next big thing for the Shared Services Centers (SSC) and Business Process Outsourced (BPO) around the world, and especially in Central and Eastern Europe. In SSCs and BPOs the activities with the highest potential for automation are in finance, supply chain and in human resource departments. This means that the problems these business are facing are mostly related to high data entry volumes, high error rates, significant rework, numerous manual processes, multiple not-integrated legacy systems and high turnover due to repetitive/low value added activities. One advantage of RPA is that it can be trained by the users to undertake structured repeatable, computer based tasks interacting in the same time with multiple systems while performing complex decisions based on algorithms. By doing this, the robot can identify the exceptions for manual processing, remove idle times and keep logs of actions performed. Another advantage is that the automated solutions can work 24/7, it can be implemented fast, work with the existing architecture, cut data entry costs by up to 70% and perform at 30% of the cost of a full time employee, thus providing a quick and tangible return to organizations. For Romania, a key destination for SSCs and BPOs, this technology will make them more competitive, but also will lead to a creation of a series of high-paid jobs while eliminating the low-input jobs. The paper will analyze also the most important vendor providers of RPA solutions on the market and will provide specific case studies from different industries, thus helping future leaders and organizations taking better decisions.
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Huettinger, Maik, and Jonathan Andrew Boyd. "Taxation of robots – what would have been the view of Smith and Marx on it?" International Journal of Social Economics 47, no. 1 (November 19, 2019): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-11-2018-0603.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to approach the issue of taxation of robotic process automation (RPA) through an interpretive lens provided by both Adam Smith and Karl Marx. Both scholars have affected the understanding and attitudes of generations of economists, and their ideas have considerable influenced modern economic policy. It will be argued that Smith and Marx have much to offer to help contemporary economists understand the taxation of RPA, and their writings on machines, automation, and their impact on the human labor force will be discussed from their primary texts. Design/methodology/approach The paper interprets the works of Marx and Smith in relation to contemporary debates on automation, particularly, proposals to tax technological innovations to offset the social costs of automation’s displacement effects. Findings In the case of Adam Smith, there is not enough evidence to suggest that he would support a specific taxation of RPA; however, he very well might agree with a modest taxation of capital goods. Marx would very likely support a taxation in the short-run, however, would be inclined to caution that the ownership of robots should in the long run be transferred to society. Originality/value This paper uses primary texts from the discipline of history of economic thought to spark a discussion about compensating the externalities of technological innovation.
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Shwetha, R., and V. B. Kirubanand. "Remote Monitoring of Heart Patients Using Robotic Process Automation (RPA)." ITM Web of Conferences 37 (2021): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20213701002.
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After the age of 60 years or older many people are diagnosed with heart related issues to follow up older patients, bedridden, who needs maximum care at their homes implementation of phone monitoring becomes necessary. According to study many heart patients are supposed to have a regular check up to keep a track on their physiological data. Health care is a ground that is rapidly developing in services and technology. A recent development in this region is remote monitoring of patients which has many benefits in a fast-aging world population with increasing health complications. Sensors are used to monitor essentials or vital requirements such as heartbeat, blood pressure, temperature, blood glucose level and many more. Remote monitoring varies for every age group and every aspect. During pandemic times its difficult for many of them to move around, thus remote monitoring of patients helps to have a safer and efficient way to monitor them and also saves time. These new technologies can make a contact-less and monitor illness based on the sensor values. To make remote monitoring more efficient automation places a vital role. In health sector, to make any process automated RPA (Robotic process automation) is used. Using the established application software robots automate the process originally performed by human beings. This paper focuses on easy way to monitor patients who are in a distant place, have a regular check-up without visiting the doctor regularly and in case of emergency contact the doctor within no time.
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Figueiredo, Alcidio Silva, and Luisa Helena Pinto. "Robotizing shared service centres: key challenges and outcomes." Journal of Service Theory and Practice 31, no. 1 (December 4, 2020): 157–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstp-06-2020-0126.
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PurposeThe introduction of robotic process automation (RPA) in shared service centres (SSCs) can hardly be overlooked. This article, therefore, draws on the institutional theory to widen the understanding of its implementation and outcomes regarding people management. Drawing on the lens of the institutional theory and the literature on SSCs and RPA, this study addresses the key challenges and outcomes of robotization.Design/methodology/approachThe study follows a qualitative approach and a purposeful sampling design that collected data from six major SSCs) introducing robotization. Data were collected from semi-structured interviews with service representatives, including RPA project managers. A thematic content analysis was used.FindingsThe introduction of robotics follows mechanisms of coercive, normative and mimetic isomorphism and is effectively replacing workers. So far, this process has been managed through a few reactive people management practices, such as earlier retirements, internal mobility and outsourcing reduction, which warns of future tensions. The findings also show the emergence of new jobs, such as robot developers and robot managers.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the limited empirical body of research in RPA in SSCs. The study is novel as it is one of the first offering an implementation roadmap for other SSCs and illustrates the positive impact on processes redesign. It also provides empirical evidence on the debate about the potential for service workers' replacement versus tasks augmentation. In the longer term, this study opens new research avenues related to the tensions and contradictions from the progressive institutionalization of robotization in service organizations.
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Sharmila S, Guru, Arul Amalraj A, and Subalakshmi K. "Pulling Data from Multiple Websites to Identify Best Deals on Auction Websites." International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics 10, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijci.2021.100224.
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Robotic process automation(RPA)is an emerging tool of automation technology based on notion of software robots or Artificial intelligence(AI). If the customer wants to buy a Bluetooth speaker. He will go to flip kart and search the product. and see the prices as expensive. He will buy it .But the same product is cheaper in Amazon. So our project will give the best product based on the best price and best rating.
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Marciniak, Piotr, and Robert Stanisławski. "Internal Determinants in the Field of RPA Technology Implementation on the Example of Selected Companies in the Context of Industry 4.0 Assumptions." Information 12, no. 6 (May 24, 2021): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12060222.
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As part of the assumptions of Industry 4.0. many modern technologies are developing. One of them is robotic process automation (RPA). It allows the replacement of human labor with robots, thus increasing the production capacity of enterprises. In practice, the implementation of RPA takes place through two solutions (models): using the services of an external entity offering RPA (service insourcing) or creating your own center of excellence (CoE). The use of both solutions is influenced by numerous conditions (determinants), among which we can mention benefits on the one hand and threats on the other. They are very different and depend on the model used. In this article, attempts were made to identify and determine their impact on the selection of the appropriate model from the point of view of the company (the purpose of the article). The research used two cases of entities implementing RPA on the basis of opposites, i.e., two different models, in which the discussed technology is treated as an important element of their automation. The achieved results indicate that there is no universalism, and their dominant feature is individualism concerning both enterprises and the solutions they implement. This is undoubtedly the effect of the currently too shallow RPA market, as well as the small number of entities using technologies based on intelligent systems. This is a serious research gap, which along with RPA growth will be reduced as a result of more and more intensive research in this field.
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Li, Lixin, and Liwen Cao. "Semantic Analysis of Literary Vocabulary Based on Microsystem and Computer Aided Deep Research." Mobile Information Systems 2021 (September 14, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8624147.
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It has great advantages in data processing. Embedded microsystems are widely used in IoT devices because of their specific functions and hard decoding technology. This article adds a literary vocabulary semantic analysis model to the embedded microsystem to reduce power consumption and improve the accuracy and speed of the system. The main purpose of this paper is to improve the accuracy and speed of semantic analysis of literary vocabulary based on the embedded microsystem, combined with the design idea of Robot Process Automation (RPA) and adding CNN logic algorithm. In this paper, RPA Adam model is proposed. The RPA Adam model indicates that the vector in the vector contains not only the characteristics of its own node but also the characteristics of neighboring nodes. It is applied to graph convolution network of isomorphic network analysis and analyzes the types of devices that can be carried by embedded chips, and displays them with graphics. Through the results, we find that the error rate of the RPA Adam model is the same at different compression rates. Due to the different correlations between knowledge entities in different data sets, specifically, high frequency can maintain a low bit error rate of 10.79% when the compression rate is 4.85%, but when the compression rate of high frequency is only 60.32%, the error rate is as high as 11.26%, while the compression rate of low frequency is 23.51% when the error rate is 9.65%.
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Häuser, Markus, and Alexander Schmid. "Robotic Process Automation (RPA)." Computer und Recht 34, no. 4 (April 1, 2018): 266–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.9785/cr-2018-340412.
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Ghosh, G. "Automation with RPA (Robotic Process Automation)." International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering 6, no. 8 (August 31, 2018): 475–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.26438/ijcse/v6i8.475477.
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Cooper, Lauren A., D. Kip Holderness, Trevor L. Sorensen, and David A. Wood. "Robotic Process Automation in Public Accounting." Accounting Horizons 33, no. 4 (June 1, 2019): 15–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch-52466.
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SYNOPSIS We investigate the implementation of Robotic Process Automation (RPA) software in public accounting by interviewing RPA leaders at Big 4 firms. RPA software automates the input, processing, and output of data to streamline repetitive, mundane tasks. Many of our findings are unique to accounting. For instance, participants report tax services are furthest along in RPA adoption, followed by advisory and assurance services. Furthermore, RPA has not impacted fees, but there is concern that clients may desire fee reductions due to decreased employee hours. Finally, unlike other technology implementations, RPA adoption is driven primarily by lower-level employees. Similar to other domains, our results indicate massive efficiency and effectiveness gains from RPA implementation. Also, interviewees do not expect reduced head count to result from RPA use. This study is the first to discuss the benefits, opportunities, and challenges to implementing RPA in accounting and serves as a catalyst for future research.
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Moffitt, Kevin C., Andrea M. Rozario, and Miklos A. Vasarhelyi. "Robotic Process Automation for Auditing." Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting 15, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jeta-10589.
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ABSTRACT The advent of Robotic Process Automation (RPA) has the potential to disrupt the traditional audit model. With its capability to automate rules-based tasks that are repetitive and manual, RPA is expected to repurpose the role of the auditor by replacing perfunctory tasks and emphasizing higher order thinking skills that will eventually lead to enhanced audit quality. This editorial envisages the future of audit by introducing the concept of RPA and describing its usage in auditing. Moreover, considerations for RPA-based audits and a series of research questions are presented with the objective to create a dialogue in this evolutionary area.
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Dr. Prashant Bharge, Arunoday Jaju,. "Robotic Process Automation (RPA): Process prioritization using Cognitive Complexity matrix." Psychology and Education Journal 57, no. 9 (January 5, 2021): 6133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v57i9.2688.
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The process automation using robotic processes automation (RPA) has been witnessing an increasing trend of interest in recent days. However, when it comes to selection of processes for automation, among various factors process complexity is not given enough weightage. Also there are fewer researches regarding process selection and the factors impacting this decision. This research gives a methodology for selecting processes based on the complexity so that the organization can implement RPA with the optimum benefits. With this approach we can prioritize the processes in order to gain the maximum profit from the automation. This approach will also segregate the processes in which RPA automation will not result into significant amount of benefit
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Choi, Daehyoun, Hind R’bigui, and Chiwoon Cho. "Candidate Digital Tasks Selection Methodology for Automation with Robotic Process Automation." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 11, 2021): 8980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168980.
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Today’s business environments face rapid digital transformation, engendering the continuous emerging of new technologies. Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is one of the new technologies rapidly and increasingly grabbing the attention of businesses. RPA tools allow mimicking human tasks by providing a virtual workforce, or digital workers in the form of software bots, for automating manual, high-volume, repetitive, and routine tasks. The goal is to allow human workers to delegate their tedious routine tasks to a software bot, thus allowing them to focus on more difficult tasks. RPA tools are simple and very powerful, according to cost-saving and other performance metrics. However, the main challenge of RPA implementation is to effectively determine the business tasks suitable for automation. This paper provides a methodology for selecting candidate tasks for robotic process automation based on user interface logs and process mining techniques.
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Zhang, Ning, and Bo Liu. "Alignment of business in robotic process automation." International Journal of Crowd Science 3, no. 1 (May 10, 2019): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcs-09-2018-0018.
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Purpose This paper aims to find out how business aligns with robotic process automation (RPA) and whether the alignment has the same factors as for IT–business alignment. Design/Methodology/Approach Condition configurations for positive and negative impact for business alignment with RPA. Findings The positive and negative configurations that possibly impact business alignment with RPA. Research limitations/implications There are some human instincts during conditions dichotomization and limited number of cases. Practical implications The findings can be used to guide practice application in real industry. Originality/value This paper adopted crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis to find condition configurations for alignment of business and RPA for more generalization.
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Unverricht, Astrid. "Robotic Process Automation." Logistik für Unternehmen 34, no. 06-07 (2020): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/0930-7834-2020-06-07-52.
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In kürzester Zeit Suchmaschinen nach benötigen Informationen durchforsten, aus verschiedenen Systemen Daten herausziehen und zu einem Reporting zusammenfassen sowie Mails erstellen und versenden: Softwareroboter unterstützen Mitarbeiter im Büro nicht nur, sie können ihnen sogar ganze Arbeitsbereiche abnehmen. Mit diesen Fähigkeiten halten sie zunehmend Einzug in den Alltag vieler Unternehmen. Um mit Robotic Process Automation (RPA) die Büroarbeit ihrer Kunden zu erleichtern, hat Rhenus Office System zwei eigene Kompetenzzentren aufgebaut.
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Gronau, Norbert, Benedict Bender, Clementine Bertheau, and Hannah Laube. "Robotic Process Automation statt neuem ERP-System." ERP Management 2021, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30844/erp_21-1_29-32.
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Robotic Process Automation (RPA) steht für die softwareunterstützte Bedienung von Softwarelösungen über deren Benutzeroberfläche. Das primäre Ziel, das mit RPA erreicht werden soll, ist die automatisierte Ausführung von Routineaufgaben, die bisher einen menschlichen Eingriff erforderten. Das Potenzial von RPA, Prozesse langfristig zu verbessern, ist allerdings stark begrenzt. Die Automatisierung von Prozessen und die Überbrückung von Medienbrüchen auf der Front-End-Ebene führt zu einer Vielzahl von Abhängigkeiten und Bedingungen, die in diesem Beitrag zusammengefasst werden. Der Weg zu einer nachhaltigen Unternehmensarchitektur (bestehend aus Prozessen und Systemen) erfordert offene, adaptive Systeme mit moderner Architektur, die sich durch ein hohes Maß an Interoperabilität auf verschiedenen Ebenen auszeichnen.
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Aroca, Rafael Vidal, Carlos E. H. Ventura, Igor De Mello, and Tatiana F. P. A. T. Pazelli. "Sequential additive manufacturing: automatic manipulation of 3D printed parts." Rapid Prototyping Journal 23, no. 4 (June 20, 2017): 653–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-02-2016-0029.
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Purpose This paper aims to present a monitoring system and the usage of a robotic arm to remove finished parts of a three-dimensional (3D) printer build plate, enabling 3D printers to continuously build a sequence of parts. Design/methodology/approach The system relies on a 2-degree of freedom planar manipulator. The moment to remove printed parts from the printer build plate can be determined based on direct communication with the 3D printer control software or using information from a computer vision system that applies background subtraction and Speeded up Robust Features methods. Findings The proposed system automatically detects the end of standard 3D print jobs and controls the robotic arm to remove the part. Research limitations/implications Lighting variation can deteriorate the response of the computer vision system, which can be minimized using a controlled illumination environment. In addition, the printer build plate edges must be free so the parts can slip off the printer build plate when the robot pushes them out. Practical implications The system enables a more practical and automatized usage of 3D printers, reducing the need of human operators. Social implications The proposed system can reduce work hours of laboratory personnel, as there is no need to remove the printed parts manually before another job starts. Originality/value Computer vision system monitors the printing process and the automation system that enables continuous sequential 3D printing of parts. A prototype is described, which can be easily replicated with low cost parts.
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LACUREZEANU, Ramona, Adriana TIRON-TUDOR, and Vasile Paul BRESFELEAN. "Robotic Process Automation in Audit and Accounting." Audit Financiar 18, no. 160 (October 29, 2020): 752–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20869/auditf/2020/160/024.
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Nowadays, Information Technology (IT) is part of virtually every business, and companies that cannot keep the pace with new technologies will disappear over time. Due to their nature of specific activities and exceeding other areas, professional accounting and auditing services can improve their performance through Robotic Process Automation (RPA). Furthermore, RPA can contribute to increasing the credibility of the accounting profession, as well as streamlining the activity in order to comply with the requirements imposed by professional standards but with much lower costs. This study is based on a review of the literature and through an exploratory approach opens a discussion on the concept of RPA and customises it in the field of professional accounting services by analysing robotics models specific to accounting and audit.
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Brettschneider, Jennifer. "Bewertung der Einsatzpotenziale und Risiken von Robotic Process Automation." HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik 57, no. 6 (May 23, 2020): 1097–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s40702-020-00621-y.
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ZusammenfassungIn der heutigen Zeit nimmt die Bedeutung schlanker und effektiver Prozesse in Unternehmen vor dem Hintergrund des Wettbewerbs sowie Kostendrucks stetig zu. Um dieser Herausforderung entgegenzuwirken, fokussieren sich Unternehmen auf die Identifikation neuer innovativer Potenziale. Aufgrund der Tatsache, dass monotone und regelbasierte Prozesse durch Softwareroboter automatisiert werden können, ist das Interesse an Robotic Process Automation (RPA) in den letzten Jahren stetig gestiegen. Bevor sich Unternehmen allerdings für oder gegen den Einsatz von RPA entscheiden, ist es zunächst notwendig, dass die Entscheidungsträger ein Verständnis von RPA erlangen sowie die entsprechenden Einsatzpotenziale und Risiken einschätzen können. Dieser Artikel trägt diesem Bedürfnis Rechnung, indem es diese auf Basis einer Literaturrecherche ermittelt und bewertet. Im Ausblick wird das zukünftige Potenzial von RPA eingeschätzt.
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Petersen, Jannick, and Hinrich Schröder. "Entwicklung einer Robotic Process Automation (RPA)-Governance." HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik 57, no. 6 (October 1, 2020): 1130–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s40702-020-00659-y.
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Vijai, C., S. M. Suriyalakshmi, and M. Elayaraja. "The Future of Robotic Process Automation (RPA) in the Banking Sector for Better Customer Experience." Shanlax International Journal of Commerce 8, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/commerce.v8i2.1709.
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Robotic Process Automation (RPA) has been a great development today. Robotic Process Automation is a useful tool for the pressing demand of the banking sector. Operation costs have been one of the focus areas in the banking sector. The major benefit of adopting RPA in the banking sector has significantly helped to reduce the costs by 30 per cents to 70 percent, and Robotic Process Automation (RPA) saves labor costs and operational efficiency, accuracy, 24/7, offer innovative services and better experience of the customer. Also, Leading banks like India, such as ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank, and Axis Bank, have implemented Robotic Process Automation. The study focuses on Robotic Process Automation challenges, benefits, and significance in the banking sector. The study discussed the Robotic Process Automation world markets and applications.
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Anjali, Anjali, Jasminder Kaur Sandhu, and Deepam Goyal. "Administrating and Resolving the Traveler’s Complaints with the use of Robotic Process Automation." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 06 (June 2, 2021): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/05239.
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Robotic Process Automation (RPA) technology is used to automate tasks and create software bots. Actually, RPA is that technology that mimics the actions of humans step by step to automate the entire process. There are several tools for RPA such as Blue prism, Automation Anywhere, Uipath, and Microsoft Power Automation. These tools are used to identify the end-to-end business process and need to create the code that will describe the business process and run the commands. Presently, the Automation process is used in several fields such as accounting and finance, in travel bookings, Traveling payment refunds, managing and resolving the complaints of the customers, hotel inventories, etc. But this paper is based on managing the customer complaints that are faced during their travel time with the use of the Automation process. Process of Automation is very well nowadays, to do everything very quickly and with the better way.
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Harris, Megan, Jennifer Riley, and Roopa Venkatesh. "Psychological Capital and Robotic Process Automation: Good, Bad, or Somewhere In-Between?" Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting 17, no. 1 (October 1, 2019): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jeta-52650.
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ABSTRACT Our proposed study applies Psychological Capital (PsyCap) to the Industry 4.0 literature, and specifically, to Robotic Process Automation (RPA). We examine two issues: are accountants ready for the changes brought about by RPA, and will accountants overrely on RPA to provide accurate information? PsyCap is a core construct that encompasses four dimensions of an individual's mental state. Drawn from positive psychology, it focuses on individuals' strengths, rather than weaknesses. We expect higher levels of PsyCap will be associated with higher levels of readiness for and reliance on RPA. This could be dangerous, because the output of RPA may not always be reliable. We propose a quasi-experiment to gather data from accountants. Understanding the relationship between PsyCap and behavior is important because PsyCap is a state-like construct, which can be developed and strengthened. Accounting firms and organizations can implement mechanisms to encourage readiness for RPA but discourage overreliance without assurance.
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Müller, Marion. "Robotic Process Automation (RPA) in der DACH-Region." Die Aktiengesellschaft 65, no. 13-14 (July 1, 2020): r203—r204. http://dx.doi.org/10.9785/ag-2020-6513-1430.
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Eggert, Mathias, and Tobias Moulen. "Selektion von Geschäftsprozessen zur Anwendung von Robotic Process Automation am Beispiel einer Versicherung." HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik 57, no. 6 (October 19, 2020): 1150–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s40702-020-00665-0.
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ZusammenfassungHäufig bremsen geringe IT-Ressourcen, fehlende Softwareschnittstellen oder eine veraltete und komplex gewachsene Systemlandschaft die Automatisierung von Geschäftsprozessen. Robotic Process Automation (RPA) ist eine vielversprechende Methode, um Geschäftsprozesse oberflächenbasiert und ohne größere Systemeingriffe zu automatisieren und Medienbrüche abzubauen. Die Auswahl der passenden Prozesse ist dabei für den Erfolg von RPA-Projekten entscheidend. Der vorliegende Beitrag liefert dafür Selektionskriterien, die aus einer qualitativen Inhaltanalyse von elf Interviews mit RPA-Experten aus dem Versicherungsumfeld resultieren. Das Ergebnis umfasst eine gewichtetet Liste von sieben Dimensionen und 51 Prozesskriterien, welche die Automatisierung mit Softwarerobotern begünstigen bzw. deren Nichterfüllung eine Umsetzung erschweren oder sogar verhindern. Die drei wichtigsten Kriterien zur Auswahl von Geschäftsprozessen für die Automatisierung mittels RPA umfassen die Entlastung der an dem Prozess mitwirkenden Mitarbeiter (Arbeitnehmerüberlastung), die Ausführbarkeit des Prozesses mittels Regeln (Regelbasierte Prozessteuerung) sowie ein positiver Kosten-Nutzen-Vergleich. Praktiker können diese Kriterien verwenden, um eine systematische Auswahl von RPA-relevanten Prozessen vorzunehmen. Aus wissenschaftlicher Perspektive stellen die Ergebnisse eine Grundlage zur Erklärung des Erfolgs und Misserfolgs von RPA-Projekten dar.
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Zhang, Chanyuan (Abigail). "Intelligent Process Automation in Audit." Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting 16, no. 2 (September 2019): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jeta-52653.
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Intelligent process automation (IPA) achieves flexible and intelligent automation by combining robotic process automation (RPA), artificial intelligence (AI), and other emerging technologies. This paper focuses on the utility of IPA for the audit profession. Specifically, this paper provides a framework for implementing IPA in audit engagements using the concept of audit workflow. A simple prototype based on a simulated use case is constructed to illustrate the IPA implementation framework. The potential applications of IPA in pension and inventory audits are provided, and the expected impacts of IPA on audit efficiency and effectiveness are discussed.
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Knauer, Thorsten, Nicole Nikiforow, and Sebastian Wagener. "Bedeutung und Ausgestaltung von Robotic Process Automation (RPA) im Controlling." Controlling 32, no. 4 (2020): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15358/0935-0381-2020-4-68.
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Im Rahmen dieser Studie wird mittels einer Befragung der Status quo des Einsatzes von Robotic Process Automation (RPA) und dessen Ausgestaltung im Controlling deutscher Unternehmen analysiert. Demnach wird RPA auch im Controlling zunehmend relevant, kommt aktuell mit einer Nutzungsrate von 8,31 % jedoch noch selten zum Einsatz. Gemäß der deskriptiven Auswertung zeigen sich bedeutsame Anwendungsfälle u. a. im Reporting und in der Kennzahlenermittlung. Die bestehenden Anwender sind dabei sowohl mit der Funktionserfüllung als auch der Geschwindigkeit der Aufgabenerfüllung sehr zufrieden.
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Madakam, Somayya, Rajesh M. Holmukhe, and Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal. "The Future Digital Work Force: Robotic Process Automation (RPA)." Journal of Information Systems and Technology Management 16 (January 30, 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4301/s1807-1775201916001.
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한택룡 and 이경호. "Research on Financial Regulations Related RPA(Robotic Process Automation)." Korea Journal of BigData 4, no. 2 (December 2019): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36498/kbigdt.2019.4.2.47.
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Huang, Feiqi, and Miklos A. Vasarhelyi. "Applying robotic process automation (RPA) in auditing: A framework." International Journal of Accounting Information Systems 35 (December 2019): 100433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.accinf.2019.100433.
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Axmann, Bernhard, and Harmoko Harmoko. "The Five Dimensions of Digital Technology Assessment with the Focus on Robotic Process Automation (RPA)." Tehnički glasnik 15, no. 2 (June 9, 2021): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20210429105337.
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In Technology Management, the assessment of new digital technologies is a challenging process. Most assessments are focusing on cost & benefit. These approaches often fail because main points are neglected. In this paper, the holistic approach of "The Five Dimensions of Digital Technology Assessment" will be described with the example of RPA (Robotic Process Automation). RPA is one of the most promising technologies to save data processing efforts in the office. The Five Dimensions of RPA Assessment is performed by assessing the benefits, technology readiness, usability, company readiness, and the costs that burden the company in the RPA implementation.
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Shilpa Parkhi, Aishwarya Banerjee,. "RPA Vendor Evaluation and Selection using AHP and Kano Model." Psychology and Education Journal 57, no. 9 (January 5, 2021): 6230–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v57i9.2713.
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Robotic Process Automation (RPA) as a technology has gained momentum due to the onset of Industry 4.0. RPA is considered to be the simplest forms of automation in which, typically, the human actions are mimicked without taking into account the complex judgements associated with it. Hence, RPA is deemed fit for the rule-based tasks which are highly repetitive, bulky and are error-prone. Traditionally, organizations looking to increase its operations efficiency improve workforce utilisation, turn to RPA. With the shift in working pattern enforced by COVID-19, RPA adoption is no more a luxury, but a necessity. In a short span of time, the number of RPA vendors, that is the developers and providers of RPA software have significantly increased and due to current demands of RPA, it is expected to grow further. This increase in choices makes the vendor selection part of any RPA Implementation Project highly complex and confusing. Keeping in mind the significance of the vendor selection process, various methods of RPA Vendor Selection have been previously proposed but it is still evolving along with the changing needs of the Businesses. This Research paper aims to propose a standard model using Kano Model and Analytic Hierarch Process (AHP) such that it can be customized during each new RPA implementation project without compromising on the basic structure and method for evaluation.
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Teli, Ruchira, and Suneel Kumar Prasad. "Delivering Value in Procurement With Robotic Cognitive Automation (RCA) Services." International Journal of Robotics Applications and Technologies 6, no. 2 (July 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrat.2018070101.
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Organizations are applying digitalization to increasing amounts of different organizational processes. The procurement sector is also changing and actively seeking better ways to enhance performance such as the automation of workflow processes, for example, robotic process automation (RPA). To meet this clear demand, the automation of workflow processes in organizations has been a rising trend during the past few years. The author analyzes the potential of RPA along with the cognitive technologies robotic cognitive automation-based (RCA) value creation through knowledge work digitalization in the procurement sector.
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Fernandez, Dahlia, and Aini Aman. "The Influence of Robotic Process Automation (RPA) towards Employee Acceptance." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 9, no. 5 (January 30, 2021): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.e5289.019521.
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There are various organizations that have automated the technology used in accounting and financial services to increase productivity and optimize operating costs. Among the automation technology transformations used in accounting and financial services is Robotic Process Automation (RPA). However, not all technological transformations are positive because they may cause fear among employees due to changes in the work process. Hence, the aim of this study is to understand the influence of RPA towards employee acceptance in the finance and accounting unit. This study uses an in-depth case study approach in one of the largest oil and gas company in the world. The result of the study showed that RPA technology has significant influences on employee acceptance. The results are discussed according to five elements which are threatening job opportunities, changes in the scope of work, adaptation to technology, career advancement, work-life balance, and job satisfaction. The results showed that employees must adapt with the changes due to the new technology implementation and embrace it positively because at the end of the day, new automation will always appear. Furthermore, the changes that take place must be openly accepted in order to maintain the reputation of their profession as well as the achievements of the organization.
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Wojciechowska-Filipek, Sylwia. "Automation of the process of handling enquiries concerning information constituting a bank secret." Banks and Bank Systems 14, no. 3 (October 8, 2019): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.14(3).2019.15.
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Recently, banks have been increasingly implementing solutions, which facilitate automation of tedious, repetitive processes, both front and back office. The aim of the article is to review the applications of automation of banking processes and to present implementation of Robotic Process Automation (RPA) in order to optimize the process of handling disclosure of information constituting a bank secret at a bank operating in Poland. Banks are obliged to disclose information constituting a bank secret to a number of authorized institutions not only free of charge, but also within a specified, limited period of time. At the same time, they must ensure an appropriate level of security for legally protected information. The process traditionally carried out by people was time-consuming and error-prone due to the human factor. It required more quantitative efficiency and improvement in task execution. For this purpose, Robotic Process Automation was implemented in the bank in the process of disclosure of information constituting a bank secret at the request of authorized authorities and institutions. After the implementation of RPA, the enquiry handling process was shortened from 7 to 3 stages, including registration of the case in the system, automatic handling of the request and sending a response. Thanks to the RPA implementation, the time needed to complete particular tasks in the process was significantly reduced, which made it possible to shorten the maximum enquiry processing time from 16 to 3 days. The automation significantly improved process profitability and efficiency. It enabled better task management and improved security by reducing errors and ensuring compliance with regulations. The implementation of the RPA tool in the process of disclosing information enabled its quantitative and qualitative optimization, as well as efficient and reliable performance of the obligations set forth in the Banking Law Act.
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Anagnoste, Sorin. "Robotic Automation Process – The operating system for the digital enterprise." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 12, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 54–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2018-0007.
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Abstract Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is going into a “maturity market”. The main vendor providers surpassed USD 1 billion in evaluation and the research they are launching these days on the market will change again radically the business landscape. It can be seen already what is coming next to RPA: intelligent optical character recognition (IOCR), chat-bots, machine learning, big data analytics, cognitive platforms, anomaly detection, pattern analysis, voice recognition, data classification and many more. As a result the top vendors developed partnerships with the main leading artificial intelligence providers, such as: IBM Watson, Microsoft Artificial Intelligence, Microsoft Cognitive services, blockchain, Google etc. On the business part, the consulting companies who are implementing the RPA solution are moving from developing Proof-of-Concepts (POCs) and Pilots to helping clients with RAP global roll-outs and developing Centre of Excellences (CoE). As a result, the experiences gathered so far by the author on this kind of projects will be tackled also in this paper. In this article will we will present also some data related to automation for different business areas (eg. Accounts Payable, Accounts Receivable etc) and how an assessment can be done correctly in order to decide if a process can be automatized and, if yes, up to which extent (ie. percent). Moreover, through the case studies we will provide (1) how now the RPA is integrated with Artificial Intelligence and Cloud, (2) how can be scaled in order to face hypes, (3) how can interpret data and (4) what savings these technologies can bring to the organizations. All the aforementioned services made Robotics Process Automation a very powerful tool since a year ago when the author did the last research. A process that was mainly not recommended for automation or was partially automated can be now fully automated with more advantages, such as: money, non-FTE savings and fulfillment time.
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Séguin, Sara, and Imène Benkalaï. "Robotic Process Automation (RPA) Using an Integer Linear Programming Formulation." Cybernetics and Systems 51, no. 4 (May 18, 2020): 357–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01969722.2020.1770503.
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Alan S., Brown. "Desktop Bots." Mechanical Engineering 142, no. 01 (January 1, 2020): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2020-jan3.
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Abstract Robotic process automation (RPA) that grew up in the financial world has begun to edge its way into engineering and manufacturing, for applications like change management, compliance, and bill of materials. This article delves deeper into the challenges of RPA and its implementation.
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Keys, BriAuna, and Yibo (James) Zhang. "Introducing RPA in an Undergraduate AIS Course: Three RPA Exercises on Process Automations in Accounting." Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting 17, no. 2 (August 25, 2020): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jeta-2020-033.
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ABSTRACT This article presents three exercises that introduce the applications of robotic process automation (RPA) for accounting tasks. The objective of these exercises is to provide undergraduate accounting students with an introduction to RPA that provides hands-on practice during class time. The three exercises cover a wide range of RPA applications, including logging into an ERP system, extracting data from the internet, and entering information from Excel to PDF. We have developed three hands-on, step-by-step exercises using UiPath as the software of choice. We also provide guidance and Teaching Notes regarding how to implement the three exercises in an undergraduate accounting information systems (AIS) course.
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Zelenka, Martin, and Marek Vokoun. "Information and Communication Technology Capabilities and Business Performance." Review of innovation and competitiveness 7, no. 1 (July 5, 2021): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.32728/ric.2021.71/5.
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This paper analyzes the rapid onset of Robotic process automation (RPA) technologies in the Czech financial sector between 2015-2020. The development and experience from the “hype-and-fear” phase contributed to business process integration and technological spillovers are expected in the future. If ICT capabilities are the source of performance differences, then most likely candidates are inventory and finances business process integration and implemented Enterprise Resource Planning and Customer Relationship Management systems. The RPA should not be seen only as simple automation but as a complex instrument offering a lot of advantages with a focus on benefits for internal and external stakeholders. PURPOSE. The goal is to qualitatively analyze the experience with RPA implementation and quantitatively assess ICT capabilities via analysis of differences between various organizational ICT activities and types of companies in the Czech financial sector. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH. The qualitative case study was performed in the bank ČSOB, a.s. in 2019, respondents, owners of processes in the final part of automation, were chosen randomly from different departments of the bank. Data for the quantitative part comes from the ICT survey (Czech Statistical Office), business performance dataset (EMIS) and a case study about ICT capability implementation. Differences are assessed and indirectly interpreted using goodness-of-fit approach. FINDINGS AND IMPLICATIONS. The results from the RPA case study revealed that the Czech financial sector is past the “hype and fear” phase and many companies focused on their return on investment and are beginning to focus more on other stakeholders. According to this development, the requirements and outputs are suggested in the phases of RPA implementation. The possible source of rofitability performance differences are integrated business processes. LIMITATIONS. Financial sector data are anonymized in ICT surveys and the measurement of the competitive advantage of ICT capabilities is only indirect. Qualitative approach is suggested with focus on technological efficiency measurement using data envelopment approach. ORIGINALITY. This paper provides an understanding of the strong experience in RPA in Czech financial sector. Certain initial setbacks in RPA are expected and this paper suggest to focus on knowledge management (lessons learned) and other requirements influencing the successful RPA prototyping and implementation process.
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Gotthardt, Max, Dan Koivulaakso, Okyanus Paksoy, Cornelius Saramo, Minna Martikainen, and Othmar Lehner. "Current State and Challenges in the Implementation of Smart Robotic Process Automation in Accounting and Auditing." ACRN Journal of Finance and Risk Perspectives 9, no. 1 (2020): 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.35944/jofrp.2020.9.1.007.
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Technology development has grown rapidly in the last decades and gained importance for accounting and auditing through its identified potentials. Particularly the automation of judgment systems and systems that require human intervention, are deemed to be more relevant to confront a transformation through Robotic Process Automation (RPA). During the continuous development, the augmentation of such systems through Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents a greenfield project with high expectations. However theoretical frameworks have not yet been elaborative and sufficient to capture how such deployments can be conducted. Addressing this research gap, this study presents a summarized overview of the transforming RPA ecosystem and indicates what challenges are critical to being confronted for a successful implementation of such systems in accounting and auditing.
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Baranauskas, Gedas. "Changing Patterns in Process Management and Improvement: Using RPA and RDA in Non- Manufacturing Organizations." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 26 (September 30, 2018): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n26p251.
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Being, from the first sight, a complementary part of process management within an organization, process management automation draws a very broad and promising perspective to the whole business field since it is a step closer to the smarter and next level efficiency. Therefore, this particular theoretical scientific research elaborates the topic of the application of Robotic Process Automation (RPA) and Robotic Desktop Automation (RDA) concepts within the work activities in non-manufacturing organizations as this is a non-widely examined area and offers the whole specter of opportunities. Therefore, focuses are based on process management in organizations where client service is key activity and direction with soft systems and operations used as working tools. In addition, a comparative analysis of key similarities and differences of terms and practical application of RPA/RDA within the manufacturing and non-manufacturing sector is provided. Problematic areas, which this particular topic escalates, have a wide framework: first, it is noticed that the scientific field regarding the application of RPA and related concepts in combination with other process management methods (for example, Lean, Agile or Business Process Management (BPM)) has not been widely discussed. Second, in generally most of the past and ongoing scientific researches and practices tendencies and problems in process automation within the manufacturing sector field have been investigated. Accordingly, it is missing both quantitative and qualitative analyses of past and current situations in non-manufacturing business and public organizations. To generalize, it is agreed that process automation has made a notorious impact not only on the tendencies of process management within the business field but also on a society as a human resource. Therefore, investigation of this topic as a very relevant subject is essential since it has a direct and very strong impact on business cycles, technological evolution, and job market.