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Journal articles on the topic 'Robenidine'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Abraham, Rebecca J., Andrew J. Stevens, Kelly A. Young, Cecilia Russell, Anastasia Qvist, Manouchehr Khazandi, Hui San Wong, et al. "Robenidine Analogues as Gram-Positive Antibacterial Agents." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 59, no. 5 (February 10, 2016): 2126–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01797.

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2

Molnár, K., and Györgyi Ostoros. "Efficacy of some anticoccidial drugs for treating coccidial enteritis of the common carp caused by Goussia carpelli (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae)." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 55, no. 1 (March 1, 2007): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.55.2007.1.7.

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In this study, nine anticoccidial drugs commonly used in poultry were tested for efficacy for the prevention and treatment of Goussia carpelli (Apicomplexa) infection in common carp ( Cyprinus carpio L.). To establish experimental infection with G. carpelli , paratenic host oligochaetes of the genera Tubifex and Limnodrilus were infected with oocysts, and laboratory-cultured parasite-free common carp fingerlings were infected by feeding to them oligochaetes containing sporozoites. The anticoccidial drugs (amprolium, narasin, maduramicin, salinomycin Na, lasalocid Na, diclazuril, robenidine HCl, monensin Na and toltrazuril), mixed in the food of the fish in a dose of 200 mg/kg, were fed for 12 days. Common carp fingerlings fed diclazuril, lasalocid, robenidine HCl or maduramicin and killed on day 14 after exposure were free from infection, while other groups treated with amprolium, toltrazuril, monensin Na, narasin or salinomycin Na harboured oocysts in the mucus and epithelium of the gut.

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3

Yao, Jun-ming, Hao-bing Zhang, Cong-shan Liu, Yi Tao, and Meng Yin. "Inhibitory effects of 19 antiprotozoal drugs and antibiotics on Babesia microti infection in BALB/c mice." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 9, no. 09 (September 27, 2015): 1004–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.5500.

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Introduction: Different results have been achieved in the evaluation of antiparasitic drug activity in Mongolian jirds, hamsters, and BALB/c mice infected with Babesia microti. The aims of the present study were to find a preferable method for drug screening and to re-evaluate the activity of several drugs against B. microti. Methodology: The activity of 19 drugs on B. microti-infected BALB/c mice was evaluated. The study was built on Peters' four-day suppressive test, and the pathogenicity of the blood from the treated mice was also used as indicator. Results: The results showed that 15 of the 19 drugs had little or no in vivo effect against B. microti. The inhibitory rates of atovaquone and azithromycin were high at all doses, but the microscopy-negative blood of recovered mice was still infectious. Similar to robenidine hydrochloride at 25 and 50 mg/kg, primaquine at 100 mg/kg had a 100% inhibitory rate. Robenidine hydrochloride achieved a 100% inhibitory rate at 100 mg/kg, and the blood of recovered mice did not result in parasitemia in subpassage experiments. Parasite-negative blood from mice treated with antimalarial drugs (clinically used for babesiosis) still caused parasitemia in subpassage experiments. This suggests that these drugs cannot eradicate the parasites. Conclusions: Peters' four-day suppressive test and the pathogenicity of the blood from the treated mice are suitable methods for preliminary investigating possible drugs against B. microti. Considering that robenidine hydrochloride achieved the best activity against B. microti in BALB/c mice in our study, further studies are needed.

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4

Pi, Hongfei, Henrietta Venter, Cecilia C. Russell, Kelly A. Young, Adam McCluskey, Stephen W. Page, Abiodun D. Ogunniyi, and Darren J. Trott. "In Vitro Activity of Robenidine Analogues NCL259 and NCL265 against Gram-Negative Pathogens." Antibiotics 11, no. 10 (September 23, 2022): 1301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11101301.

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Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative pathogens, especially Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter spp., are recognized by the World Health Organization as the most critical priority pathogens in urgent need of drug development. In this study, the in vitro antimicrobial activity of robenidine analogues NCL259 and NCL265 was tested against key human and animal Gram-negative clinical isolates and reference strains. NCL259 and NCL265 demonstrated moderate antimicrobial activity against these Gram-negative priority pathogens with NCL265 consistently more active, achieving lower minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in the range of 2–16 µg/mL. When used in combination with sub-inhibitory concentrations of polymyxin B to permeabilize the outer membrane, NCL259 and NCL265 elicited a synergistic or additive activity against the reference strains tested, reducing the MIC of NCL259 by 8- to 256- fold and the MIC of NCL265 by 4- to 256- fold. A small minority of Klebsiella spp. isolates (three) were resistant to both NCL259 and NCL265 with MICs > 256 µg/mL. This resistance was completely reversed in the presence of the efflux pump inhibitor phenylalanine-arginine-beta-naphthylamide (PAβN) to yield MIC values of 8–16 µg/mL and 2–4 µg/mL for NCL259 and NCL256, respectively. When NCL259 and NCL265 were tested against wild-type E. coli isolate BW 25113 and its isogenic multidrug efflux pump subunit AcrB deletion mutant (∆AcrB), the MIC of both compounds against the mutant ∆AcrB isolate was reduced 16-fold compared to the wild-type parent, indicating a significant role for the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump from Enterobacterales in imparting resistance to these robenidine analogues. In vitro cytotoxicity testing revealed that NCL259 and NCL265 had much higher levels of toxicity to a range of human cell lines compared to the parent robenidine, thus precluding their further development as novel antibiotics against Gram-negative pathogens.

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5

Davydova, N. V., V. Yu Koptev, Yu N. Kozlova, L. I. Sulimova, V. N. Afonyushkin, and V. S. Cherepushkina. "Estimation of permeability to bacteriophages of intestinal mucosa of chickens with eimeriosis." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 49, no. 2 (May 22, 2019): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2019-2-7.

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In the course of the study permeability of intestinal mucosa of chickens suffering from eimeriosis while treating them with various veterinary drugs, including probiotics, was evaluated. The simulation of a typical clinical picture of eimeriosis was carried out by oral administration of suspension with coccidial oocysts (1.6 × 105/head) using a probe. To create different forms and different intensity of inflammatory processes, chickens that received various anticoccidial preparations and probiotic strain Bacillus subtilis were infected with eimeria. According to the data from an autopsy, it was found that the use of a spore probiotic based on Bacillus subtilis and anticoccidial drugs containing robenidine hydrochloride and salinomycin had a positive protective effect when treating chickens from eimeriosis. A similar picture was observed when assessing permeability of intestinal mucosa as affected by bacteriophage, whereby permeability decreased with the use of probiotics and the above-mentioned active agents. In general, the decrease in productivity was significant in all groups. However, the effect of spore-based probiotics was quite pronounced against the background of eimeria polyresistance. In the situation where anticoccidial drugs are less effective, the use of a spore-based probiotic can have a noticeable protective effect. The effect of all anticoccidial drugs under study on the concentration of oocysts and the state of the mucosa was insignificant, which indicated polyresistance of different types of eimeria isolated from biological material to these drugs. The analysis of the intestinal mucosa integrity, based on the study of mucosa permeability to bacteriophages and a Johnson and Reid scoring procedure showed that a spore probiotic based on B. subtilis and anticoccidial drugs containing robenidine and salinomycin had the best protective effect against eimeriosis caused by field isolates of eimeria. When treating chickens suffering from eimeriosis caused by polyresistant forms of E. acervulina and E. tenella, it is advisable to use probiotics alongside with drugs based on robenidine and salinomycin.

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6

Krollenbrock, Alina, Yuexin Li, Jane Xu Kelly, and Michael K. Riscoe. "Robenidine Analogues Are Potent Antimalarials in Drug-Resistant Plasmodium falciparum." ACS Infectious Diseases 7, no. 7 (March 16, 2021): 1956–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00001.

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7

Peeters, J., and R. Geeroms. "Efficacy of diclazuril against robenidine resistant Eimeria magna in rabbits." Veterinary Record 124, no. 22 (June 3, 1989): 589–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.124.22.589.

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8

WILGA, J., A. WASIK, and J. NAMIESNIK. "Comparison of extraction techniques of robenidine from poultry feed samples." Talanta 73, no. 5 (October 31, 2007): 812–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2007.04.046.

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9

Al-Nahary, Taleb T., Mohamed Abdel Nabi El-Ries, Gehad G. Mohamed, Ali Kamal Attia, Yahia Nasser Mabkhot, Michelyne Haroun, and Assem Barakat. "Multiclass analysis on repaglinide, flubendazole, robenidine hydrochloride and danofloxacin drugs." Arabian Journal of Chemistry 6, no. 1 (January 2013): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.01.012.

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10

Lopez Cama, J., J. R. Orozco-Her, J. H. Medina-Vil, J. J. Uribe-Gome, H. Verdin-San, and V. O. Fuentes-He. "Evaluation of Robenidine to Defaunate Pelibuey Lambs and the Production and Digestibility." Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/javaa.2010.44.46.

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11

Peeters, J. E., R. Geeroms, J. Molderez, and P. Halen. "Activity of Clopidol/Methylbenzoquate, Robenidine and Salinomycin against Hepatic Coccidiosis in Rabbits." Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe B 29, no. 3 (May 13, 2010): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0450.1982.tb01217.x.

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12

Dowling, Geraldine, Michael O’Keeffe, and Malcolm R. Smyth. "Determination of robenidine in eggs by liquid chromatography with UV spectrophotometric detection." Analytica Chimica Acta 539, no. 1-2 (May 2005): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2005.02.063.

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13

Ogunniyi, Abiodun D., Manouchehr Khazandi, Andrew J. Stevens, Sarah K. Sims, Stephen W. Page, Sanjay Garg, Henrietta Venter, et al. "Evaluation of robenidine analog NCL195 as a novel broad-spectrum antibacterial agent." PLOS ONE 12, no. 9 (September 5, 2017): e0183457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183457.

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14

Jung, Clarissa A., Paul P. Torgerson, Roger Bolt, Felix Grimm, Julia Schädler, Sarah Albini, and Annette Liesegang. "Alternatives to robenidine to control gastrointestinal disorders of weaner rabbits in the field." Veterinary and Animal Science 13 (September 2021): 100179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vas.2021.100179.

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15

Sorribas, Víctor, María Pilar Arruebo, Francisco Alvarado, and Ana Isabel Alcalde. "Action of robenidine on the intestinal transport and digestion of nutrients in rabbit." European Journal of Pharmacology: Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 248, no. 2 (August 1993): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0926-6917(93)90035-o.

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16

Russell, Cecilia C., Andrew Stevens, Hongfei Pi, Manouchehr Khazandi, Abiodun D. Ogunniyi, Kelly A. Young, Jennifer R. Baker, et al. "Gram‐Positive and Gram‐Negative Antibiotic Activity of Asymmetric and Monomeric Robenidine Analogues." ChemMedChem 13, no. 23 (November 19, 2018): 2573–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cmdc.201800463.

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17

Nguyen, Hang Thi, Lisa A. O’Donovan, Henrietta Venter, Cecilia C. Russell, Adam McCluskey, Stephen W. Page, Darren J. Trott, and Abiodun D. Ogunniyi. "Comparison of Two Transmission Electron Microscopy Methods to Visualize Drug-Induced Alterations of Gram-Negative Bacterial Morphology." Antibiotics 10, no. 3 (March 17, 2021): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10030307.

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In this study, we optimized and compared different transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods to visualize changes to Gram-negative bacterial morphology induced by treatment with a robenidine analogue (NCL195) and colistin combination. Aldehyde-fixed bacterial cells (untreated, treated with colistin or NCL195 + colistin) were prepared using conventional TEM methods and compared with ultrathin Tokuyasu cryo-sections. The results of this study indicate superiority of ultrathin cryo-sections in visualizing the membrane ultrastructure of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with a clear delineation of the outer and inner membrane as well as the peptidoglycan layer. We suggest that the use of ultrathin cryo-sectioning can be used to better visualize and understand drug interaction mechanisms on the bacterial cell membrane.

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18

Cohen, Huguette, Fred Armstrong, and Harold Campbell. "Sensitive fluorescence detection of robenidine by derivatization with dansyl chloride and high-performance liquid chromatography." Journal of Chromatography A 694, no. 2 (March 1995): 407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(94)01096-w.

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19

Yeom, Hyesun, Dong-Hyug Yang, Joon Hyuk Suh, Han Young Eom, Unyong Kim, Junghyun Kim, Seul Gi Lee, Hyun-Deok Cho, and Sang Beom Han. "Determination of robenidine residues in chicken muscle by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection." Archives of Pharmacal Research 36, no. 3 (March 2013): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12272-013-0065-y.

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20

Annunziata, Loredana, Pierina Visciano, Arianna Stramenga, Maria Novella Colagrande, Guido Campana, Giampiero Scortichini, Giacomo Migliorati, and Dario Compagnone. "Investigation of Nonionophoric Coccidiostat Residues in Feed as a Consequence of Carryover." Journal of Food Protection 81, no. 3 (February 23, 2018): 482–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-414.

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ABSTRACT Residues of nonionophoric coccidiostats at carryover concentrations in feedstuffs collected from feed mills or animal farms in central Italy were detected as part of the official controls carried out from 2011 through 2016. The 118 samples were collected on the production line or during feed distribution and storage to determine the sampling sites at major risk of cross-contamination. For determination of nonionophoric coccidiostats, a fast, easy, and cheap method was developed and validated. Feed samples were extracted with acetonitrile-methanol and directly injected for liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 24 samples (20.3%) were positive, but only 5 (4.2%) of these samples exceeded the maximum limit set by European legislation. Most of the positive samples were collected from a batch of feed produced immediately following processing of another batch to which the coccidiostat robenidine had been added.

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21

Chapman, H. D. "Eimeria tenella, E. acervulina and E. maxima: studies on the development of resistance to diclazuril and other anticoccidial drugs in the chicken." Parasitology 99, no. 2 (October 1989): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000058625.

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SummaryResistance to diclazuril was induced by 10 passages of the Houghton strains of Eimeria acervulina and E. tenella in chickens given progressively greater concentrations of the drug. This resistance was, however, not complete since the drug retained some efficacy against the drug-passaged lines. Attempts to passage the Houghton strain of E. maxima in birds medicated with concentrations of diclazuril greater than 0·016 parts per million (ppm) were unsuccessful and after 10 passages at this concentration resistance had not developed. Resistance to methyl benzoquate developed after 6 passages of E. tenella in medicated chickens but resistance to amprolium was only partial after 10 passages. The pathogenicity of diclazuril- and amprolium-resistant lines of E. tenella was lower than that of the parental line. Diclazuril was effective against lines of E. tenella resistant to amprolium, arprinocid, clopidol, dinitolmide, halofuginone, methyl benzoquate, monensin and robenidine.

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22

Wilga, Joanna, Agata Kot-Wasik, Aleksander Astel, and Jacek Namieśnik. "Statistical Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Different Extraction Techniques for Determining Robenidine Levels in Poultry Feed." Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 38, no. 1 (January 28, 2008): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408340701804533.

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23

Bayer, O. V., O. V. Kaminska, L. V. Shevchenko, V. М. Mykhalska, О. М. Stupak, O. V. Bondarets, and Yu Dobrozhan. "Development And Evaluation Of The Suitability Of The Method For Determining The Content Of Egg Coccidiostatics Using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography - Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS)." Methods and Objects of Chemical Analysis Vol. 14, No.1 (2019): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/moca.2019.43-51.

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The conducted studies assessed the suitability of the method of ultra performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and established the MS/MS detection parameters and determined its validation characteristics for the analysis of residual content of coccidiostatics in food eggs. It has been proved that this method is accurate, practical and universal, which is confirmed by the data of ССα for amprolium – 2.14 μg/kg, diclazuril – 2.37 μg/kg, monensin – 2.34 μg/kg, narazin – 2.28 μg/kg, semduramicin – 2.23 μg/kg, toltrazuril 2.5 – μg/kg, salinomycin – 3.32 μg/kg, halofuginone – 6.18 μg/kg, maduramycin – 13.06 μg/kg, decoquinate – 2.37 μg/kg, robenidine – 26.06 μg/kg, nicarbazine – 316.7 μg/kg, percentage of return is 92.4 – 111 %. The results obtained for assessing the suitability, accuracy and reproducibility of the results meet the requirements of the European Directives.The developed method allows to detect residual amounts of about 12 coccidiostatics that are used in poultry for the prevention of coccidiosis.

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24

Claes, Zander, Marloes Jonkhout, Ana Crespillo-Casado, and Mathieu Bollen. "The antibiotic robenidine exhibits guanabenz-like cytoprotective properties by a mechanism independent of protein phosphatase PP1:PPP1R15A." Journal of Biological Chemistry 294, no. 36 (July 23, 2019): 13478–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra119.008857.

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25

SAITOH, Yasuhide, Hiroshi ITAGAKI, and Kiyoshi TSUNODA. "Experimental development of resistance to decoquinate and robenidine in a multiple drug-resistant strain of Eimeria necatrix." Japanese Journal of Veterinary Science 48, no. 1 (1986): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms1939.48.69.

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26

Kot-Wasik, Agata, and Andrzej Wasik. "Determination of robenidine in animal feeds by liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detection and mass spectrometry after accelerated solvent extraction." Analytica Chimica Acta 543, no. 1-2 (July 2005): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2005.04.052.

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27

Nguyen, Hang Thi, Henrietta Venter, Lucy Woolford, Kelly Young, Adam McCluskey, Sanjay Garg, Stephen W. Page, Darren J. Trott, and Abiodun David Ogunniyi. "Impact of a Novel Anticoccidial Analogue on Systemic Staphylococcus aureus Infection in a Bioluminescent Mouse Model." Antibiotics 11, no. 1 (January 6, 2022): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11010065.

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In this study, we investigated the potential of an analogue of robenidine (NCL179) to expand its chemical diversity for the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections. We show that NCL179 exhibits potent bactericidal activity, returning minimum inhibitory concentration/minimum bactericidal concentrations (MICs/MBCs) of 1–2 µg/mL against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MICs/MBCs of 1–2 µg/mL against methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius and MICs/MBCs of 2–4 µg/mL against vancomycin-resistant enterococci. NCL179 showed synergistic activity against clinical isolates and reference strains of Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of colistin, whereas NCL179 alone had no activity. Mice given oral NCL179 at 10 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg (4 × doses, 4 h apart) showed no adverse clinical effects and no observable histological effects in any of the organs examined. In a bioluminescent S. aureus sepsis challenge model, mice that received four oral doses of NCL179 at 50 mg/kg at 4 h intervals exhibited significantly reduced bacterial loads, longer survival times and higher overall survival rates than the vehicle-only treated mice. These results support NCL179 as a valid candidate for further development to treat MDR bacterial infections as a stand-alone antibiotic or in combination with existing antibiotic classes.

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28

Wang, Bo, Jianyu Liu, Xia Zhao, Kaizhou Xie, Zhixiang Diao, Genxi Zhang, Tao Zhang, and Guojun Dai. "Determination of Eight Coccidiostats in Eggs by Liquid–Liquid Extraction–Solid-Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry." Molecules 25, no. 4 (February 22, 2020): 987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25040987.

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A method for the simultaneous determination of robenidine, halofuginone, lasalocid, monensin, nigericin, salinomycin, narasin, and maduramicin residues in eggs by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was developed. The sample preparation method used a combination of liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) technology to extract and purify these target compounds from eggs. The target compounds were separated by gradient elution using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze the target compounds via electrospray ionization (ESI+) and multiple reaction monitoring mode. The HPLC–MS/MS and UPLC–MS/MS methods were validated according to the requirements defined by the European Union and the Food and Drug Administration. The limits of detection and limits of quantification of the eight coccidiostats in eggs were 0.23–0.52 µg/kg and 0.82–1.73 µg/kg for HPLC–MS/MS, and 0.16-0.42 µg/kg and 0.81-1.25 µg/kg for UPLC–MS/MS, respectively. The eggs were spiked with four concentrations of the eight coccidiostats, and the HPLC–MS/MS and UPLC–MS/MS average recoveries were all higher than 71.69% and 72.26%, respectively. Compared with the HPLC–MS/MS method, utilizing UPLC–MS/MS had the advantages of low reagent consumption, a short detection time, and high recovery and precision. Finally, the HPLC–MS/MS and UPLC–MS/MS methods were successfully applied to detect eight coccidiostats in 40 eggs.

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29

Rybicki, Maciej. "Coccidiostats in treating coccidiosis." Zywnosc Nauka Technologia Jakosc/Food Science Technology Quality 125, no. 4 (2020): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15193/zntj/2020/125/364.

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Coccidiostats are a group of veterinary antibiotics, the residues of which in, e.g. meat or other edible tissues, are potentially dangerous to human health and life. Thus, it is important to effectively prevent intoxications. For that purpose it is essential to gather data on those antibiotics. Coccidiostats are used mainly in treating and preventing coccidiosis – a disease of the intestinal track of animals, especially of the poultry, caused by parasitic protozoans of the Eimeria genus. Two major groups are used – polyether ionophores and chemical coccidiostats, which differ in origin and mechanisms of action. Their application is governed by the Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council, in which the application of the following 11 coccidiostats was authorized: salinomycin, narasin, monensin, maduramicin, semduramicin, lasalocid, robenidine, nicarbazin, halofuginone, diclazuril and decoquinate. Each of the mentioned coccidiostat present in the products of animal origin can lead to intoxication resulting from production errors and poor manufacturing practices. The effects of those compounds in food include symptoms such as: polyneuropathy, rhabdomyolysis, hypercalcaemia, respiratory failure and even death of patients. The coccidiostats are irreplaceable in treating coccidiosis, which can always be associated with the possibility of their occurrence in food. The present-day methods used to identify these medicines make it possible to monitor the products as regards the occurrence thereof and to reduce the risk of exceeding safe dose limits as set out in the relevant legal acts.

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30

Medina, Bertrand, Dana Kumprechtova, IvanD Girard, and Radka Hulankov. "PSIII-A-6 Boreox, a Proprietary Blend of Polyphenols Alters Positively Broiler Meat Quality During Storage." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_3 (September 21, 2022): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.555.

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Abstract Feed supplementation with vitamin E increases antioxidant capacity, essential to cope with cellular oxidative process that may happen during meat length of storage. This last decades, polyphenol rich botanicals content were widely investigated as new antioxidant chain links able to spare and/or strengthen Vitamin E inclusion. Therefore, this study designed on broiler meat model aims to determine any preservative and positive effects of a novel proprietary blend of polyphenols extracts [BoreOX® (BX500), Probiotech International Inc.]. A total of 840 Ross 308 male broilers were distributed on two dietary treatments: standard (SVE) with 84, 56 and 50 ppm of expected vit. E in starter (S), grower (G) and finisher (F) stages, respectively and a polyphenols-supplemented diet with the same levels of vit. E added with 25, 50 and 100 ppm of (BX500) in S, G and F phases, respectively (SVEBX). The same 3-phase diets were offered ad libitum to 6 replicated pens of 70 birds from 0 to 42 days of age with robenidine as anticoccidial agent. At slaughterhouse, meat samples (breast and thigh muscle from 1 bird/pen) were cooled down for 24 hours and stored at +3°C before completing some selected analysis (chemical, rheological and microbiological) at 2, 6 and 10 days of storage (72 samples/treatment). Treatment effect was compared an analysis of variance performed in Statistica, version 7.1 (StatSoft, Czech Republic). The monitored parameters of chicken meat changed mainly due to the length of storage - TBA, dripping and microorganism counts increased, on the other hand, antioxidant capacity, meat firmness and water activity decreased. The presence of the polyphenols leaded to higher thigh meat lightness (p = 0.059). In conclusion, although the effect of the tested supplement in the feed was slightly positive in terms of protection of fat against oxidative changes. Apart from meat lightness, the other parameters monitored were not significantly affected.

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31

SHIRLEY, M. W., D. BLAKE, S. E. WHITE, R. SHERIFF, and A. L. SMITH. "Integrating genetics and genomics to identify new leads for the control ofEimeriaspp." Parasitology 128, S1 (October 2004): S33—S42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182004006845.

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Eimerian parasites display a biologically interesting range of phenotypic variation. In addition to a wide spectrum of drug-resistance phenotypes that are expressed similarly by many other parasites, theEimeriaspp. present some unique phenotypes. For example, unique lines ofEimeriaspp. include those selected for growth in the chorioallantoic membrane of the embryonating hens egg or for faster growth (precocious development) in the mature host. The many laboratory-derived egg-adapted or precocious lines also share a phenotype of a marked attenuation of virulence, the basis of which is different as a consequence of thein ovoorin vivoselection procedures used. Of current interest is the fact that some wild-type populations ofEimeria maximaare characterized by an ability to induce protective immunity that is strain-specific. The molecular basis of phenotypes that defineEimeriaspp. is now increasingly amenable to investigation, both through technical improvements in genetic linkage studies and the availability of a comprehensive genome sequence for the caecal parasiteE. tenella. The most exciting phenotype in the context of vaccination and the development of new vaccines is the trait of strain-specific immunity associated withE. maxima. Recent work in this laboratory has shown that infection of two inbred lines of White Leghorn chickens with the W strain ofE. maximaleads to complete protection to challenge with the homologous parasite, but to complete escape of the heterologous H strain, i.e. the W strain induces an exquisitely strain-specific protective immune response with respect to the H strain. This dichotomy of survival in the face of immune-mediated killing has been examined further and, notably, mating between a drug-resistant W strain and a drug-sensitive H strain leads to recombination between the genetic loci responsible for the specificity of protective immunity and resistance to the anticoccidial drug robenidine. Such a finding opens the way forward for genetic mapping of the loci responsible for the induction of protective immunity and integration with the genome sequencing efforts.

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Liu, Yongtao, Yi Song, Bo Cheng, Jing Dong, Ning Xu, Shun Zhou, Qiuhong Yang, and Xiaohui Ai. "Development and Validation of a HPLC-HESI-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Robenidine Hydrochloride and Its Metabolites in Fish and Exploration of Their Kinetic Regularities in Grass Carp." Food Analytical Methods 13, no. 2 (November 25, 2019): 516–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12161-019-01679-1.

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Yakovleva, Inessa. "Experimental determination of comparative sensitivity of eimeria to chemotherapeutic preparations and phytobiotics." BIO Web of Conferences 42 (2022): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20224203010.

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The sensitivity of the organism of broiler chickens artificially infested with a mixture of three types of eimeria to anti-eimeria drugs used in the Belgorod region was determined. For the experiment, synthetic coccidiostatics (decoquinate, maduramycin, nicarbazine, robenidin), ionophore antibiotics (lasalocid, monensin, narazine) and a complex phytobiotic “AdiCox AR” were taken. The smallest loss of live body weight of chickens was observed when feeding them in the diet of lasalocid, then decoquinate. Feeding the specialized feed additive “AdiCox AR” ensured the preservation of gains in live weight of chickens by 19.0% less than the most effective ionophore antibiotic lasalocid in our experiments. Then, in descending order, followed: narazine 10%, monensin 20%, nicarbazine 25%, maduramycin 1%, robenidin 6.6%. In connection with the obtained results, we consider it expedient to use lasalocid 15% at a dose of 500 g / t feed, decoquinate 6% at a dose of 500 g / t feed and AdiCox AR at a dose of 300 g / tons of feed. The use of narazine 10%, monensin 20%, nicarbazine 25%, maduramycin 1% should be carried out under constant monitoring of the sensitivity of the pathogen to the listed drugs. We consider the use of robinidin 6.6% inappropriate.

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Maertens, L., and D. Van Gaver. "Evaluation of the anticoccidial efficacy of Cycostat® in experimentally infected breeding rabbits housed under conventional conditions." World Rabbit Science 18, no. 2 (July 12, 2010): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2010.18.09.

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<span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';" lang="EN-US">The present study was designed in order to evaluate the effi cacy and safety of Cycostat® 66G in the prevention and control of coccidiosis in breeding does after experimentally induced infection with common </span><em><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';" lang="EN-US">Eimeria </span></em><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';" lang="EN-US">spp. at the age of 18 wk. The inoculum was prepared based on faecal samples collected on farms in the Czech Republic. A total of 94 young and pregnant does were divided into 4 groups and enrolled in the study. The zootechnical, clinical and parasitological results of 2 control groups were compared, a non-infected non-treated (NI-NT) and an infected non-treated (I-NT), and 2 infected and dietary supplemented groups, with 50 (I-50) and 66 mg/kg (I-66) robenidine, respectively. Does in the I-NT group showed a significant drop in weight gain and feed intake during the fi rst 14 d after inoculation. No treatment related effects on the weight development of the does were observed, although does in the I-NT group always had approximately ± 200 g lower body weight. Litter size (live born) was not signifi cantly different at either the fi rst or second parturition and amounted to 9.0, 8.2, 10.1 and 9.8 (1st litter) and 11.3, 10.4, 10.1 and 11.0 (2nd litter) in NI-NT, I-NT, I-50 and I-66 does, respectively. At weaning, both in the 1st and 2nd cycle, the highest litter weight was obtained in the I-50 and I-66 groups. Litter weaning weight values for I-66 (litter 2) were higher but not significant (</span><em><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';" lang="EN-US">P=</span></em><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';" lang="EN-US">0.069) compared to the NI-NT litters. The lowest young mortality was also observed in the I-66 litters, both in the first and second cycles. Between 6 to 11 d after inoculation, the oocyst excretion of both supplemented groups was reduced by more than 90% in comparison to the I-NT. Supplementation with Cycostat® 66G diminished the excretion of </span><em><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';" lang="EN-US">E. flavescens </span></em><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';" lang="EN-US">and </span><em><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';" lang="EN-US">E. intestinalis</span></em><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';" lang="EN-US">, the most pathogenic species, by 100%. The excretion of </span><em><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';" lang="EN-US">E. magna </span></em><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';" lang="EN-US">was reduced by >90 and 100% for the I-50 and I-66 groups, respectively. The reduction in oocyst excretion of </span><em><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';" lang="EN-US">E. media </span></em><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';" lang="EN-US">was less pronounced. It was concluded that Cycostat® 66G supplemented in the feed at a concentration of 50 or 66mg/kg was able to prevent coccidiosis in breeding does after experimental inoculation.</span>

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Major, Peter, Viera Revajová, Martin Levkut, Zuzana Ševčíková, Viera Spišáková, Zita Faixová, Mária Levkutová, Ivona Kožárová, Mária Goldová, and Mikuláš Levkut. "Intestinal mucin dynamic and leukocytic responses of chickens infected with Eimeria acervulina and fed oregano supplemented diet." Acta Veterinaria Brno 80, no. 2 (2011): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201180020147.

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We studied the effect of oregano supplemented diet on mucin dynamics in small intestine, peripheral blood leukocytes, and jejunal immunocompetent cells in ROSS 308 hybrid broilers infected withEimeria acervulinachickens’ oocyst. From the day of hatching chicks of groups 1 and 2 were fed a commercial diet without anticoccidial drug, the diet of group 3 was supplemented with oregano (0.707g·kg-1), and that of group 4 with anticoccidial drug (Robenidin hydrochloride – 33 mg·kg-1). Chickens of groups 2, 3, and 4 were inoculated withE. acervulinaoocysts (25.103) on day 12. The samples were collected on 3, 10, 17 days post infection (dpi). In blood on 3 dpi significant increase of leukocytes was found in group 3 compared to groups 1, 2, and 4, higher density of IgM+ cells in group 3 than group 2, and on 10 dpi phagocytic activity of group 3 was higher than group 1. Number of jejunal CD4+ and CD8+ cells in group 3 was consistent with values in group 4, despite higher density ofE. acervulinameronts on 10 dpi. The quantity of jejunal mucin adherent layer of group 3 was similar to that in group 4. Counts of oocysts in faeces were lower in group 3 than group 2. Results suggest that dietary supplementation of oregano to chickens infected withE. acervulinahas a modulating effect on some blood indicators and functions of phagocytes. The beneficial effect of oregano components on jejunal mucin quantity and its turnover is the first finding published in relation to oregano and coccidia.

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Szabóová, R., A. Lauková, Ľ. Chrastinová, M. Simonová, V. Strompfová, M. Haviarová, I. Plachá, et al. "Experimental Application of Sage in Rabbit Husbandry." Acta Veterinaria Brno 77, no. 4 (2008): 581–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200877040581.

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Salvia spp. belongs to the Labiatae family and is characterized by antimicrobial and antiinflammatory effect. The aim of this study was to test its in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effect against bacteria as well as to find an alternative possibility to use sage in the rabbit ecosystem examining biochemical, zootechnical and inmunological indicators, compared to the commercial feed mixture Xtract. Using the sage extract in in vitro tests, its inhibitory effect was noted. Under in vivo conditions, in the experimental group with sage (EG1), reduction of Pseudomonas-like sp. (p < 0.01) and E. coli (p < 0.01) was noted after 7 days of sage application compared to the control group CG2 (with Robenidin) as well as after 21 days of sage extract application, when the reduction of coagulase-negative staphylococci (p < 0.01) was detected (in comparison with the experimental group-EG2, Xtract group). In the caecum of rabbits from EG1, higher values of lactic, acetic and butyric acids were noted. The values of propionic acid were not influenced. Biochemical indicators were not influenced; however, the values of GSH Px were lower in EG1 compared to EG2. Higher phagocytic activity (18%) was noted in EG1 than in EG2 (13%) after 21 days of additives application. The reduction of Eimeria sp. oocysts was demonstrated in EG1 (sage group) after 7 days of sage application comparing to CG2 (217 OPG to 566 OPG). The animals in both experimental groups achieved higher feed consumption and weight gain, lower mortality compared to both controls. Neither of the additives had a negative influence on the health status and growth performance of rabbits.

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Ferdji, Abdelkrim, Nora Mimoune, Tahar Amrouche, Djilali Degui, Soraya Temim, and Djamel Khelef. "Anticoccidial resistance in poultry." Veterinarska stanica 53, no. 3 (October 13, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.46419/vs.53.3.2.

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This study aimed to determine the resistance of coccidia to ionophores used in broiler farms in Tizi-Ouzou province, Algeria. Droppings were collected and recovered Eimeria oocyst isolates were analysed by morphometry to determine their composition, and then inoculated by peros into chicks of the Arbor Acres strain, reared on the ground. Four of six groups of chicks were treated to test the sensitivity of oocysts to four anticoccidial agents added to their growth feeds [(robenidine (33 ppm), monensin (120 ppm), narasin-nicarbazin (80 ppm) and salinomycin (60 ppm)], while the other two groups were controls. The results revealed the presence of total resistance to monensin and robenidine, and partial resistance to salinomycin and the narasin-nicarbazin combination. The lack of sensitivity to monensin and robenidine was unsurprising, given their inappropriate and unreasonable use for years as the only anticoccidial compounds. The appearance of partial resistance to narasin-nicarbazin and salinomycin suggests the development of cross-resistance in the Eimeria population. The possibility of a relatively uniform composition of Eimeria species collected in these farms indicates that Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria maxima develop resistance more quickly to these ionophores. Finally, a control strategy must be rigorously developed by considering other molecules that are alternatives to anticoccidials.

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38

Lin, Lu, Shanshan Song, Xiaoling Wu, Liqiang Liu, Hua Kuang, Jing Xiao, and Chuanlai Xu. "Determination of robenidine in shrimp and chicken samples using the indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunochromatographic strip assay." Analyst, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0an01783c.

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In this study, the monoclonal antibody-based indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) and an immunochromatographic strip assay were developed for the rapid screening of robenidine hydrochloride (ROBH) in samples.

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39

Mei, Yikun, Tong Jiang, Yun Zou, Yuanyuan Wang, Jia Zhou, Jinyang Li, Lin Liu, et al. "FDA Approved Drug Library Screening Identifies Robenidine as a Repositionable Antifungal." Frontiers in Microbiology 11 (June 3, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00996.

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40

Jao, Mai-Ling, Ruey-Juh Lin, Chen-Chung Lee, Shu-Chi Lee, and Shin-Shou Chou. "Studies on Analytical Methods of Robenidine Residues in Chicken Meat and Viscera." Journal of Food and Drug Analysis 1, no. 1 (July 14, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.38212/2224-6614.3044.

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41

Bampidis, Vasileios, Giovanna Azimonti, Maria de Lourdes Bastos, Henrik Christensen, Birgit Dusemund, Maryline Kouba, Mojca Kos Durjava, et al. "Safety and efficacy of Robenz® 66G (robenidine hydrochloride) for chickens for fattening and turkeys for fattening." EFSA Journal 17, no. 3 (March 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5613.

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42

Ivakh, S., L. Dubenska, M. Rydchuk, and S. Plotycya. "Voltammetric Behavior and Reliable Method for the Determination of Coccidiostat Robenidine in Animal Feed and Poultry Meat." Electroanalysis, September 9, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.202060225.

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43

"Scientific Opinion on safety and efficacy of Cycostat® 66G (robenidine hydrochloride) for rabbits for breeding and fattening." EFSA Journal 9, no. 3 (March 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2102.

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44

Khazandi, Manouchehr, Hongfei Pi, Wei Yee Chan, Abiodun David Ogunniyi, Jowenna Xiao Feng Sim, Henrietta Venter, Sanjay Garg, et al. "In vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Robenidine, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid and Polymyxin B Nonapeptide Against Important Human and Veterinary Pathogens." Frontiers in Microbiology 10 (April 25, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00837.

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45

Balta, Igori, Adela Marcu, Mark Linton, Carmel Kelly, Lavinia Stef, Ioan Pet, Patrick Ward, et al. "The in vitro and in vivo anti-virulent effect of organic acid mixtures against Eimeria tenella and Eimeria bovis." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (August 10, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95459-9.

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AbstractEimeria tenella and Eimeria bovis are complex parasites responsible for the condition of coccidiosis, that invade the animal gastrointestinal intestinal mucosa causing severe diarrhoea, loss of appetite or abortions, with devastating impacts on the farming industry. The negative impacts of these parasitic infections are enhanced by their role in promoting the colonisation of the gut by common foodborne pathogens. The aim of this study was to test the anti-Eimeria efficacy of maltodextrin, sodium chloride, citric acid, sodium citrate, silica, malic acid, citrus extract, and olive extract individually, in vitro and in combination, in vivo. Firstly, in vitro infection models demonstrated that antimicrobials reduced (p < 0.05), both singly and in combination (AG), the ability of E. tenella and E. bovis to infect MDBK and CLEC-213 epithelial cells, and the virulence reduction was similar to that of the anti-coccidial drug Robenidine. Secondly, using an in vivo broiler infection model, we demonstrated that AG reduced (p = 0.001) E. tenella levels in the caeca and excreted faeces, reduced inflammatory oxidative stress, improved the immune response through reduced ROS, increased Mn-SOD and SCFA levels. Levels of IgA and IgM were significantly increased in caecal tissues of broilers that received 0.5% AG and were associated with improved (p < 0.0001) tissue lesion scores. A prophylactic approach increased the anti-parasitic effect in vivo, and results indicated that administration from day 0, 5 and 10 post-hatch reduced tissue lesion scores (p < 0.0001) and parasite excretion levels (p = 0.002). Conclusively, our in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that the natural antimicrobial mixture (AG) reduced parasitic infections through mechanisms that reduced pathogen virulence and attenuated host inflammatory events.

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46

"Cross-contamination of non-target feedingstuffs by robenidine authorised for use as a feed additive - Scientific opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain." EFSA Journal 6, no. 4 (April 2008): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2008.655.

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47

Pi, Hongfei, Hang Thi Nguyen, Henrietta Venter, Alexandra R. Boileau, Lucy Woolford, Sanjay Garg, Stephen W. Page, et al. "In vitro Activity of Robenidine Analog NCL195 in Combination With Outer Membrane Permeabilizers Against Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens and Impact on Systemic Gram-Positive Bacterial Infection in Mice." Frontiers in Microbiology 11 (August 4, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01556.

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48

"Opinion of the Scientific Panel on additives and products or substances used in animal feed (FEEDAP) on the safety of “Cycostat 66G” based on robenidine hydrochloride, as a feed additive in accordance with Council Directive 70/524/EEC (Article 9g)." EFSA Journal 2, no. 10 (October 2004): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2004.98.

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49

Jakovleva, E. G., M. Rakauskajte, R. V. Shherbinin, and D. V. Trubnikov. "Applicability of antieimeriosis drugs and phytobiotic for chickens with artificial inoculation eimeriosis and effect of these preparations on the quality of post-vaccination immunity." Veterinaria i kormlenie, no. 1 (February 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.30917/att-vk-1814-9588-2022-1-18.

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The artificial inoculation of broiler chickens the Hisex Brown cross with a three types of eimeria, the smallest body weight loss of chickens was in the group that received the ionophoric antibiotic lasalocid with feed, anti-coccidiosis drug decoquinat and the complex phytobiotic "AdiKox AR". The use of the ionophoric antibiotic monensin and the synthetic coccidiostatic drug robenidin showed the least sensitivity of eimeria to them, which adversely affected the body weight of broiler chickens. In the blood serum of chickens taken on the 20th day after their first vaccination at one day of age with the Nobilis ND C2 vaccine by the spray method against the associated with artificial infection with a mixture of eimeria at 10 days of age and preliminary prophylactic feeding of them with drugs from different pharmacological groups, specific immunity to Newcastle the disease was unevenly distributed among the groups. The weakest group immunity was observed in the group of infected control chickens that did not receive drugs. In all groups that received supplements of chemotherapeutic agents with food, with the group immunity indicator acceptable in the vaccine instructions, there were zero individual titers. The complex phytobiotic "AdiCox AR" stimulated the production of high group post-vaccination immunity in chickens against Newcastle disease (74%) without zero individual titers. For the eimeriosis prevention and high-quality vaccination of broiler chickens against Newcastle disease at the poultry farm of the Belgorod Region, we recommend feeding the complex phytobiotic "AdiKox AR" at a dose of 300 g/t of feed for 10 days or more. The use of lasalocide and decoquinate for the coccidiosis prevention in a poultry farm is permissible with the condition of rotation and monitoring of the sensitivity of eimeria to drugs. The use of monensin and robenidin, according to the results of the experiment, is considered inappropriate.

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