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1
English, Peter M. "Death on the roads: Schools obstruct road safety measures." BMJ 333, no. 7560 (July 20, 2006): 200.1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.333.7560.200.
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Matsuda, Waka, Yukihiro Tsukada, and Masahiko Kikuchi. "Flexible Charge Measures Used on Toll Roads." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1932, no. 1 (January 2005): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193200116.
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In fiscal 2003, the Road Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport in Japan performed demonstration projects concerning diverse and flexible charge measures for toll roads. The goals were to promote the effective use of roads by encouraging traffic to switch from general purpose roads to toll roads, improving roadside environments, mitigating congestion, and promoting traffic safety measures. This study analyzes the results of the 22 projects. As a result of the bureau's efforts, traffic on the toll-free general purpose roads decreased and traffic on the toll roads increased, with traffic congestion in the affected areas subsequently eased. The projects that were intended to eliminate commuter congestion in regional cities were in many cases particularly effective. However, this effectiveness varied according to the setting of the toll and the interchange section, the type of vehicles involved, the discount time zone, and the locational relationship between the general road and the toll road.
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O. Adeyemi, Hezekiah, Oluwaseun O. Martins O. Martins, Olanike O. Ade-Ikuesan, O. Ade-Ikuesan, and Olawale O. Olaluwoye O. Olaluwoye. "Machinery Maintenance Viewpoint: One Approach to an Improved Rural Road Traffic Safety in Southwest Nigeria." International Journal of Engineering Technology and Sciences 5, no. 1 (June 4, 2018): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijets.v5i1.2825.
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Local Governments (LGs), the third tier of government in Nigeria, are expected to maintain infrastructure facilities at the grass root level but most rural communities in Southwest Nigeria are characterized by poorly maintained roads. This study assessed conditions of Moveable Rural Road Maintenance Equipment (MRRME) under LGs in Southwest Nigeria vis-a-vis the safety levels on the rural roads. The study measured, impacts of roads conditions on commercial drivers/riders (cdr) and, level of usage of MRRME for the roads. Questionnaires were used to measure: accident rates and impacts among 250 cdr on 9 selected rural roads; Maintenance Performance Measures (MPM) of MRRME among 430 Senior Technical Officers (STOs) and Senior Finance Offices (SFOs) in 84 LG secretariats. The conditions of MRRME were carried out using observational method. More than 72% of cdr were involved in one crash or another and 89% of them attributed this to bad roads. Less than 26% of MRRME was functional with weak plans/tools put in place for correct maintenance program leading to a high level of MRRMEs’ failures and total neglect. T-test t (428) = -5.146, p = 0.421) found that the opinions of STOs (poor ratings for MPM policy implementation) were not different from that of the SFO. There is the need for safety attitudinal change among cdr. LGs also need empowerment to ensure proper maintenance of MRRME and enhances their availability. These measures among other will reduce accidents death counts on Nigeria rural roads.
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Voevodin, Evgeniy Sergeevich, Kristina Vyacheslavovna Baklanova, Nikolay Viktorovich Shadrin, Andrey Mikhaylovich Askhabov, and Andrey Sergeevich Polyakov. "Audit of road traffic safety on federal roads of Krasnoyarsk Territory." Transport of the Urals, no. 1 (2020): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/1815-9400-2020-1-57-62.
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The paper considers an assignment and an essence of audit of road traffic safety. As an example, the authors have determined a priority section on federal roads of Krasnoyarsk Territory for conducting the audit. On the basis of detailed analysis of road conditions that affect the risk of accidents appearance and research of road traffic accidents mechanism on that section the authors have developed measures on decreasing accident rate. Efficiency of the proposed measures are verified with the use of PC–Crash program for modeling and reconstruction of road traffic accidents.
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Nagrebelna, Liydmila, Olga Belenchuk, and Oleksii Petrashenko. "EFFECTIVE APPROACH TO DETECTING ROADS FOR PRIORITY PLANNING FOR ROAD SAFETY MEASURES." Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny, no. 4 (260) ’ 2019 (December 28, 2019): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33868/0365-8392-2019-4-260-52-57.
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The basic approaches for identifying dangerous road sections for prioritizing road safety measures are outlined. The effectiveness of the result depends on how well the areas where the road safety measures need to be implemented are identified. Suggestions for identifying dangerous places on the roads according to the statistics of traffic accidents using the methods of probability theory are given. On the basis of the analysis of statistics on roads with different number of adventures, limit values of the admissible number of adventures on sections of roads of different length are established. It is proved that it is necessary to create a comprehensive approach to solving a complex problem – improving road safety. Оne of the important approaches for the definition of dangerous road sections according to the data of road accidents, which is proposed by the authors, is the method of detection of sections (places) of concentration of road accidents (black spots). The purpose of this article is to: introduce an approach in road safety management to reduce the number of road accidents and the severity of their consequences on Ukraine’s highways by first implementing measures to improve road conditions and improve road organization. The effectiveness of the result in reducing the number of traffic accidents depends on the areas so clearly identified that, in the first place, it is necessary to implement measures to improve road safety. That is why this approach was introduced in traffic safety management. The purposeful financing of measures, aimed primarily at eliminating such sites, will help to reduce the number of road accidents and the severity of their consequences. Keywords: road safety, methods of analysis, dangerous road sections, place of concentration of road accidents, black spots, road accident.
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Stević, Željko, Dillip Kumar Das, and Miloš Kopić. "A Novel Multiphase Model for Traffic Safety Evaluation: A Case Study of South Africa." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (June 11, 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5584599.
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Identification of key indicators that cause safety challenges and vulnerable roads is crucial for improving traffic safety. This paper, therefore, entails to the development of a novel multiphase multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) model to evaluate the vulnerability of urban roads for traffic safety. This was conducted by using data from 17 important roads of a South African city and combining several methods such as CRiteria Importance through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC), data envelopment analysis (DEA), and measurement of alternatives and ranking according to compromise solution (MARCOS). Taking the elements of the DEA method, two new approaches for calculating the weights of criteria, the DEA-1 and DEA-2 models, were formed and integrated with the CRITIC method to obtain the final values of criteria weights. The MARCOS method was applied to evaluate 17 alternatives, for each direction separately. The aim of developing such a model is to use the advantages of obtaining objectivity of criteria weights through linear programming and correlation of values of the collected data. Also, the MARCOS method, as one of the newer and applicable methods, provides additional significance. Extensive sensitivity analyses were conducted to validate the model. The findings suggest that there are a certain number of roads that have a high level of safety for both directions, as well as a group of risky roads, which need traffic improvement measures. Thus, the results indicate that the model is sensitive to various approaches and can prioritize vulnerable roads comprehensively based on which safety measures can be taken.
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Bondar, Tetiana, Olga Belenchuk, Yevhen Tepliuk, and Oleksandr Pyna. "ACCIDENT ANALYSIS – THE WAY TO EFFECTIVE TRAFFIC SAFETY MANAGEMENT ON ROADS." Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny, no. 2 (266) ’ 2021 (June 20, 2021): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33868/0365-8392-2021-2-266-46-52.
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Road safety management begins with a detailed analysis of accidents, which is reflected in Article 24 of the Law of Ukraine “On Road Traffic” which states that when performing repairs and maintenance of roads, streets and railway crossings road maintenance organizations in the first place should take measures for road safety on the basis of accounting and analysis of road accidents, results of inspections and surveys of roads, streets and railway crossings, and especially in emergency and dangerous areas and in places of concentration of road accidents. The problem of reducing the accident rate and reducing the number of victims of road accidents during the maintenance of roads has so far been solved mainly by identifying areas (places) of concentration of accidents with the development of measures to improve road conditions and improve the organization of traffic on them and conducting annual commission spring and autumn inspections of the road network by representatives of road organizations and the police. However, the areas of concentration of road accidents were not fully covered on the road network of local significance due to the lack of accurate reference of the places of accident in the accident registration cards, as well as they were not identified on the streets and roads of cities and other settlements due to the absence of any criteria for their identification and therefore the maximum efficiency from introduction of management of sites (places) of concentration of road accident isn’t reached. The article analyzes the criteria for determining the areas of concentration of accidents on public roads in different periods, examines the dynamics of the number of areas of concentration of accidents and considers other modern opportunities for effective traffic safety management, in particular, inspection (inspection) of existing roads.
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Rencelj, Marko, Tomaz Tollazzi, Saso Turnsek, and Matjaz Sraml. "Measures for Improving Powered Two-Wheelers Riders’ Traffic Safety on Slovenian Roads." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 53 (October 2012): 645–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.914.
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Praveena, R., A. Selvaraj, and P. Mathivathana. "Safety Measures and Compensation of Road Accidents in Tamil Nadu." Shanlax International Journal of Commerce 8, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/commerce.v8i3.3275.
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In this article, we have discussed safety measures and compensation for road accidents in Tamilnadu. Transport is over whelming mechanical nowadays. India has one of the largest road networks in the world. Road network in India is inadequate, in comparison to the passengers and traffic handled by them. 43% of the roads are unsurfaced. The Ministry of road transport & highways is expected to award road projects with a total length of around 4,500 km worth Rs.50,000 crore in 2020.
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Gaca, Stanisław, and Mariusz Kieć. "Studies on the impact of the technical characteristics of local roads on road safety." MATEC Web of Conferences 262 (2019): 05006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926205006.
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Local roads (district roads) constitute an important part of the road network in Poland, making up around 29.7 % (124,945 km) of all public roads. In 2017, 10,578 accidents, which is 35.7% of all accidents in Poland, took place on local roads. These roads are used primarily by regular users who are very familiar with the defects of these roads. This means that the effects of the low technical standard of local roads and the insufficient number of road traffic devices on the safety on the road can be partly compensated for by the fact that drivers adjust their behaviour to the conditions on the road. This hypothesis can be verified through developing dependency models of road safety measures of local roads’ and technical characteristics. The article presents the research carried out based on regression models of accident prediction. The models were developed with the use of the data on the road surroundings arrangement (built-up areas, access), road condition and the extent of signposting, including data on speed limits and overtaking as well as risk exposure variables. Due to the incomplete data on accidents and the small number of accidents, different approaches to the modelling of the number of road accidents were applied.
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Kuptsova, I. S., Y. I. Bulygin, R. R. Lazurenko, and A. R. Temirkanov. "Predicting accidents in the mining industry in Zimbabwe in order to develop preventive measures to reduce them." SAFETY OF TECHNOGENIC AND NATURAL SYSTEMS, no. 4 (2020): 2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/2541-9129-2020-4-2-11.
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Introduction. Industrial accidents are associated with various factors: human, social and economic problems, which we must strive to eliminate, thereby ensuring a safe working environment. Statistics on occupational injuries are necessary to assess the degree of hazard and potential risks associated with occupational factors to protect workers. Labor inspectorate statistics play an important role in developing national policies, systems, programs and strategies to improve safety and working conditions for miners in Zimbabwe. Labor Inspection in Zimbabwe is one of the main safety control mechanisms. Labor inspection statistics enable the government to monitor the mining industry and better analyze mining safety compliance issues. Problem Statement. The article discusses the prediction of accidents in the mining industry of the Republic of Zimbabwe in order to reduce the incidence of injuries. Economic and social development in the mining industry requires reliable analysis of injury statistics. Statistics of injuries in various production processes are given. Theoretical Part. In the process of data analysis, interpolation algorithms are used embedded in mathematical software. Statistical reports on occupational injuries provided by the Federal State Statistics Service were used as basic information. Conclusion. Mathematical forecasting of industrial injuries in the mining industry in Zimbabwe allows us to determine the likely values of the predicted indicators.
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Gaca, Stanisław, and Sylwia Pogodzińska. "Speed management as a measure to improve road safety on Polish regional roads." Archives of Transport 43, no. 3 (September 13, 2017): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.4225.
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The article presents the issue of the implementation of speed management measures on regional roads, whose character requires the use of different solutions than those on national roads. The authors briefly described speed management measures, the conditions for their implementation and their effectiveness with reference to environmental conditions and road safety. The further part of the paper presents selected results of the authors' research into the speed on various road segments equipped with different speed management measures. The estimations were made as to the impact of local speed limits and traffic calming measures on drivers' behaviour in free flow conditions. This research found that the introduction of the local speed limits cause reduction in average speed and 85th percentile speed up to 11.9 km/h (14.4%) and 16.3 km/h (16.8%) respectively. These values are averaged in the tested samples. Speed reduction depends strongly on the value of the limit and local circumstances. Despite speed reduction, the share of drivers who do not comply with speed limits was still high and ranged from 43% in the case of a 70 km/h limit, up to 89% for a 40 km/h limit. As far as comprehensive traffic calming measures are concerned, results show decrease in average speed and 85th percentile speed up to 18.1 km/h and 20.8 km/h respectively. For some road segments, however, the values of average speed and 85th percentile speed increased. It confirms that the effectiveness of speed management measures is strongly determined by local circumstances.
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刘, 剑涛. "Study on the Technology of Safety Measures of Special Roads in Widening Highway." Open Journal of Transportation Technologies 07, no. 04 (2018): 214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ojtt.2018.74027.
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Kustra, Wojciech, and Kazimierz Jamroz. "Analysis of Factors Influencing the Density of Fatalities on National Roads in Poland." Journal of Konbin 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10040-008-0150-3.
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Analysis of Factors Influencing the Density of Fatalities on National Roads in PolandIn Poland 20% of the total number of accidents occur on the national roads, which constitute 7% of the length of all roads. In the case of fatalities this share is significantly higher as it constitutes up to 36% of the total casualties. In accordance with the EU Directive (Journal of Laws EU L. 319/59) the level of road traffic safety should be raised by targeting investment on the most dangerous road sections. Finding the dependence between road and traffic factors and the number of accidents and casualties of road accidents may be helpful in predicting safety levels and selecting road traffic safety improvement measures. The paper presents the experience of other countries and preliminary tests results of the impact of the selected factors on the density and the number of road accident fatalities on the national roads in Poland.
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Moll, Sara, Griselda López, and Alfredo García. "Analysis of the Influence of Sport Cyclists on Narrow Two-Lane Rural Roads Using Instrumented Bicycles and Microsimulation." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 25, 2021): 1235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031235.
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It is frequent to see cyclists on Spanish two-lane rural roads, both riding individually and in groups. However, these roads were designed only for motorized vehicles, most of them having a narrow section with a null or impassable shoulder. Currently, drivers and cyclists have to share roads and interact, affecting both safety and traffic operation. The possibility of overtaking offers an improvement in traffic operation, however on narrow roads it can be difficult, meaning a greater invasion of the opposite lane thus creating more dangerous situations and implying a higher overtaking duration. To analyze the phenomenon, field data from instrumented bicycles and naturalistic videos were collected, then some performance measures to characterize safety and traffic operation were obtained. To increase the number of overtaking manoeuvres and performance measures obtained from observations, microsimulation has been used by adapting a model to include cyclists and their interaction with motorized vehicles. The traffic microsimulator was calibrated and validated with field data. The results show that cycle traffic presence decreases motorized vehicle average travel speed and increases percent followers and delays. Microsimulation can be used to study other traffic scenarios and can help road administrations to safely and efficiently integrate cyclists to vehicular traffic on rural roads.
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Ratkevičiūtė, Kornelija. "Model for the Substantiation of Road Safety Improvement Measures on the Roads of Lithuania." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 5, no. 2 (April 20, 2010): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2010.17.
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Wilkinson, Emma. "UN hears demands that 10% of spending on roads should go on safety measures." BMJ 336, no. 7647 (April 3, 2008): 740.1–741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39538.492604.db.
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Jamroz, Kazimierz, Marcin Budzyński, Aleksandra Romanowska, Joanna Żukowska, Jacek Oskarbski, and Wojciech Kustra. "Experiences and Challenges in Fatality Reduction on Polish Roads." Sustainability 11, no. 4 (February 13, 2019): 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11040959.
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According to the UN, road safety is the key to achieving sustainable development goals, yet the complexity of how road accidents happen makes this a difficult challenge leaving many countries struggling with the problem. For years, Poland has infamously been one of the EU’s top countries for road-accident fatality rates. Despite that, it has made significant progress in the last thirty years with a fatality reduction of more than 60%. A number of factors have contributed to this result: improving the socioeconomic situation, improving road safety measures, changing road user behaviour and changing national road safety programmes. This article presents Poland’s approach to road safety and, in particular, Vision Zero, adopted in 2005. Poland’s road safety changed over the years as the country learned from its successes and failures. Tools for forecasting fatalities were developed and used to identify the main factors that have helped to reduce deaths. An assessment was conducted on how Poland could implement Vision Zero until 2050 under different road safety scenarios. It was found that in order to achieve the EU’s goal for 2030, Poland must reduce fatalities to 1200. While it is an ambitious goal, it is also an important step towards zero fatalities in 2050.
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Vedagiri, P., and Deepak V. Killi. "Traffic Safety Evaluation of Uncontrolled Intersections using Surrogate Safety Measures under Mixed Traffic Conditions." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2512, no. 1 (January 2015): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2512-10.
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In the developing world, with increases in population, the number of vehicles is increasing tremendously. Traffic safety on roads has become a major concern even with advancements in technology and infrastructure. Traffic safety assessments and accident prediction based on accident data is a reactive approach. There are known drawbacks related to the reliability of accident data, especially in developing countries with large populations, such as India. It is, however, unethical to wait for accidents to occur before drawing statistically accurate conclusions regarding safety impacts. To overcome this impediment, one needs to develop accurate models that rely on surrogate safety measures (SSMs) for effective safety evaluations. The main advantage associated with the use of these models is that they can model crashes more frequently than in the real world and thereby imply an efficient and more statistically reliable proximal measure of traffic safety. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of management measures on traffic safety at a three-arm uncontrolled intersection with the use of microsimulation modeling under mixed traffic conditions. This examination was done by developing a unique methodology of measuring one SSM, postencroachment time (PET). This paper describes improvement in the accuracy of crash predictions by proposing a methodology to calculate PET.
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Ebrahim, Zuhair, and Hamid Nikraz. "Management of Speeding Comparing Two Applied Engineering Measures." Management and Production Engineering Review 4, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mper-2013-0023.
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Abstract The importance of safety comes from the responsibility towards protecting the vulnerable road users, who seem to be the victims in most road crashes. Thus, authorities tend to focus on reducing the travelling speed of the vehicles, whereas some road users may consider the move to interfere with mobility. In this study, a case study in Perth’s two roads was conducted to compare two engineering treatments of speed reductions on these two busy shopping strips. The study aim is to illustrate the effect of using the electronic flashing signs rather than the standard signs in terms of speeding reduction and harm minimisation. Crash data were analysed and supported the safety benefits of the electronic flashing signs. Authorities have measured the reduction of the travelling speeds of vehicles and found it to be encouraging. There are clear, positive safety benefits from the study in terms of engineering and enforcement measures
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Vollpracht, Hans-Joachim. "The safe road transport system approach." Romanian Journal of Transport Infrastructure 5, no. 1 (July 1, 2016): 53–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rjti-2016-0042.
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Abstract More than 1,24 million people die each year on the worlds roads and between 20 to 50 million suffer from nonfatal injuries. The UN Road Safety Collaboration Meetings under the leadership of WHO developed the Programme for the Decade of Actions for road safety taking nations into the responsibility of improving their accident figures by the five pillars of a national Road Safety Policy, safer Roads, safer Vehicles, safer Road Users and Post Crash Care. It is this Safe System Approach that takes into consideration the land use, infrastructure and transport planning, road user’s abilities and limitations and the close cooperation of all governmental and none governmental stakeholders involved. Following the European Transport Safety Council's (ETSC) 8th Road Safety Performance Index Report on Ranking EU Progress on Road Safety; June 2014 Romania has made progress during the last 10 year but had still the highest fatality rate of 93 fatalities per 1 million inhabitants in Europe. [1] The contribution will present the main activities of the fife pillars with a focus on PIARC's Road Infrastructure Management tools to improve safety and function of the road infrastructure based on the experiences with the land use problems in Asian, African and European countries. A GPS based accident data system will help researchers and practitioners to improve their countries road safety. The report will show the important steps for safer roads which had been developed in Romania and how actions of short and long term measures on all five pillars have reduced the number of traffic victims remarkable in Eastern Germany after reunification and in addition how the hierarchy of motorways, 2+1 express roads, the rural roads and traffic calming in built up areas, have improved the economic development of cities and villages in a safe way.
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Lord, Dominique, Hamidou Mamadou Abdou, Antoine N’Zué, Georges Dionne, and Claire Laberge-Nadeau. "Traffic Safety Diagnostics and Application of Countermeasures for Rural Roads in Burkina Faso." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1846, no. 1 (January 2003): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1846-07.
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The government of Burkina Faso has recently been making important macroeconomic changes to encourage the economic growth of the country. To maintain this growth, the government has implemented a transportation program to improve road network efficiency and safety. A 2000 study to improve the safety of rural roads in Burkina Faso is described. The primary objectives were to assess traffic safety problems and propose countermeasures to reduce the number and severity of collisions on rural roads. Many rural roads were evaluated on site; all accident data and important socioeconomic variables were collected; and key staff members from various governmental and private agencies were interviewed. The study has shown that traffic safety problems in Burkina Faso are multidimensional, involving inefficient traffic safety management and policy, inadequate road networks, untrained drivers, and defective vehicles. Several traffic safety countermeasures have been proposed for immediate, short-, and long-term application. The most important countermeasures are to create a new institutional framework for improving traffic safety management and train the key personnel responsible for implementing these countermeasures. For the short term, the counter-measures mainly relate to roadway infrastructure improvements and better enforcement tools. For the long term, the countermeasures include a review of current highway traffic laws and their application, evaluation of existing countermeasures, and driver training improvement.
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Ibrayev, K., A. Ibrayev, D. Kapskiy, Y. Kot, A. Rybinskiy, and S. Bogdanovich. "Analysis of the State of the Road Traffic Safety in the Republic of Kazakhstan." Science & Technique 18, no. 6 (December 5, 2019): 482–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2019-18-6-482-489.
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The article presents the results of the study of the road traffic safety on the automobile roads of the Republic of Kazakhstan. We performed the analysis of the main indicators, specifying the state of the road traffic safety on the automobile roads of the republican significance of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In many regulatory acts, such as “The Priority Action Plan for Improving the Road Traffic Safety of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2017–2020”, developed with the support of the Asian Development Bank, and in the “National Concept of Road Traffic Safety” project as well , developed by the Interdepartmental Research Institute called “The Academy of Law Enforcement Agencies” of the General Prosecutor’s Office of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the urgent need to improve road traffic safety is clearly pointed. At the same time, it is necessary to have the information about the extent of the existing problem in the field of road traffic safety, which is ensured by the constant consideration and analysis of the statistical indicators, as well as by planning appropriate measures aimed at correcting the situation and achieving planned indicators in the framework of, for example, the national concept of road traffic safety. Currently, statistics on road traffic accidents, occurring in Kazakhstan, are published by the Committee on Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Committee on Legal Statistics and Special Accounting. However in the current situation, this is not enough, especially since the ARC MIID of the Republic of Kazakhstan outlined the program of actions aimed at eliminating the existing shortcomings in the field of the road traffic safety and significant improving its indicators. The analytical investigation of the status of the road traffic safety on the roads of the Republic of Kazakhstan was carried out. This will become a kind of starting point in the consistent work in this direction, which will provide the interested parties, first of all the experts, with the high-quality and reliable information about the main figures, characterizing the state of safety of the road users. Based on objective accident data, it is possible to take the effective measures aimed at improving the situation on the roads of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
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Bründl, M., H. J. Etter, M. Steiniger, Ch Klingler, J. Rhyner, and W. J. Ammann. "IFKIS - a basis for managing avalanche risk in settlements and on roads in Switzerland." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 4, no. 2 (April 16, 2004): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-4-257-2004.
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Abstract. After the avalanche winter of 1999 in Switzerland, which caused 17 deaths and damage of over CHF 600 mill. in buildings and on roads, the project IFKIS, aimed at improving the basics of organizational measures (closure of roads, evacuation etc.) in avalanche risk management, was initiated. The three main parts of the project were the development of a compulsory checklist for avalanche safety services, a modular education and training course program and an information system for safety services. The information system was developed in order to improve both the information flux between the national centre for avalanche forecasting, the Swiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, and the local safety services on the one hand and the communication between avalanche safety services in the communities on the other hand. The results of this project make a valuable contribution to strengthening organizational measures in avalanche risk management and to closing the gaps, which became apparent during the avalanche winter of 1999. They are not restricted to snow avalanches but can also be adapted for dealing with other natural hazard processes and catastrophes.
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Kustra, Wojciech, Joanna Żukowska, Marcin Budzyński, and Kazimierz Jamroz. "Injury Prediction Models for Onshore Road Network Development." Polish Maritime Research 26, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2019-0029.
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Abstract Integrating different modes of transport (road, rail, air and water) is important for port cities. To accommodate this need, new transport hubs must be built such as airports or sea ports. If ports are to grow, they must be accessible, a feature which is best achieved by building new roads, including fast roads. Poland must develop a network of fast roads that will provide good access to ports. What is equally important is to upgrade the network of national roads to complement fast roads. A key criterion in this case is to ensure that the roads are efficient to minimise time lost for road users and safe. With safety standards and safety management practices varying vastly across the EU, Directive 2008/96/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council was a way to ensure that countries follow procedures for assessing the impact of road projects on road safety and conduct road safety audits, road safety management and road safety inspections. The main goal of the research was to build mathematical models to combine road safety measures, i.e. injury density (DI) and accident density (DA), with road and traffic factors on longer sections, all based on risk analysis. The practical objective is to use these models to develop tools for assessing how new road projects will impact road safety. Because previous research on models to help estimate injuries (I) or injury density (DI) on long sections was scarce, the authors addressed that problem in their work. The idea goes back to how Poland is introducing procedures for assessing the effects of infrastructure on safety and developing a method to estimate accident indicators to support economic analysis for new roads, a solution applied in JASPERS. Another reason for the research was Poland’s insufficient and ineffective pool of road safety management tools in Poland. The paper presents analyses of several models which achieved satisfactory results. They are consistent with the work of other researchers and the outcomes of previous research conducted by the authors. The authors built the models based on a segmentation of national roads into sections from 10 to 50 km, making sure that they feature consistent cross-sections and average daily traffic volumes. Models were built based on the method described by Jamroz (Jamroz, 2011). Using the available road traffic volume data, each section was assigned variables defining geometric and traffic features. Based on studies conducted on road sections, the variables were either averaged over the entire length of the section or calculated as a percentage of the variable occurring over the entire length: related to traffic volume, roadside environment or cross section
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Sarkar, Sheila, A. A. Jan Nederveen, and Albert Pols. "Renewed Commitment to Traffic Calming for Pedestrian Safety." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1578, no. 1 (January 1997): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1578-02.
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Success of road design depends to a large extent on how safe it is for different users. Unfortunately, in most instances the definition of road users in the United States has precluded pedestrians and bicyclists. Safety of pedestrians and bicyclists is most often relegated to a marginal status in many parts of the urban areas. The roads in the past few decades, with a few exceptions, were built for speed, ensuring maximum convenience to drivers, but, intimidating the green modes (pedestrians and bicyclists). Traffic calming is one way of reclaiming the roads for a more equitable use by different users. Many European countries have been successful in giving back the road to the pedestrians and bicyclists by implementing areawide traffic management and speed-reduction measures. The United States, however, is far behind these countries in actual implementation of such concepts, although thinking on these lines had started as early as the 1960s. There is a strong argument in favor of traffic calming in the United States based on facts and figures on accidents, road conditions, and driver behavior. In addition, field research in some European countries reveals the positive attributes of these planning principles and designs.
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Lv, Xiao Shi. "Exploration of the Rockwork Controlled Blasting Closed to the Existing Railways and its Safety Precautions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 193-194 (August 2012): 796–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.193-194.796.
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The existing roads, railways can no longer meet the growing expansion of the traffic needs, some newly built roads, railways must be crossed with the old lines, the difficulty of construction is considerable, especially Pro tight both line and rock blasting operations, it is necessary to consider boththe safety of the line, but also to ensure that the construction schedule. Based on an example of the rebuilding of the railway grade crossing to interchange from Loudi Prefecture in Zhuliu highway to dragon section of the sand Huaihua, Hunan Province, the article describes the safety and protection measures construction blasting in conditions close to the complexity of the existing lines, the construction of similar projects the organization, management provide some reference.
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Tarnu, Lucian, and Cristian Deac. "Analysis of the Evolution of the Number of Fatal Road Accidents in Romania." MATEC Web of Conferences 184 (2018): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818401011.
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Fatal car accidents are a major issue of concern for both the police, the local and regional administrations and all those involved in providing road safety. The current paper presents an analysis of the number of fatal car accidents on Romanian roads, in the context of the Road Safety Programme of the European Commission, emphasising the efforts being made in this regard, the areas where road safety is still lacking and recommending some measures for improving the situation.
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Bellochio, Sabrina Dalla Corte, Airton Dos Santos Alonço, Gessieli Possebom, Francieli De Vargas, and Lutiane Pagliarin. "Use of Safety Components to Avoid Accidents With Agricultural Tractors in Public Roads." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 6 (May 6, 2018): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n6p217.
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The market of agricultural tractors has an important role in the Brazilian economy, as well as the role the tractor plays in agricultural operations. With the rising level of mechanization, the traffic of tractors on public roads consequently increased, thus raising the propensity of occurring accidents. In transit, tractors present low traveling speed, besides being wider machines in comparison to cars, besides also presenting low visibility to the other drivers who use the roads. The relevance of studies that point the problems related to this type of traffic accident is related to its severity, in order to seek preventive measures. In this context, this study aimed to address the interface of safety components related to lighting and signaling with the avoidance of accidents involving agricultural tractors on public roads. This way, studies show aspects such as: the road speed limit, as well as its type and width; the number of vehicles and agricultural machinery in circulation; safety components; lighting and signaling items, influence and help to draw a characterization of accidents involving farm machinery. Among the types of accidents, collision and overturning are the most common. Even if the number of accidents with tractors is lower in relation to automotive vehicles, the severity of the accidents is greater, with propensity of 5 to 8 times more deaths. Therefore, the correct use of safety components and items of lighting and signaling on tractors, in addition to the compliance with laws and regulations, may contribute to reducing the number of accidents with agricultural machines on public roads.
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Tapase, Anand B., Piyush G. Chandak, Ravindra P. Patil, Abdulrashid C. Attar, and Sabir S. Sayyed. "Evaluation and Remedial Measures on Premature Failure of Roads in India." Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 34, no. 1 (February 2020): 04019112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0001384.
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Nath,, G., S. C. Roy,, and S. N. Sen,. "Electrochemical Corrosion of ERW Pipeline Carrying Fluid Fuel Across Highway/Roads and Railways and Safety Measures." Corrosion Reviews 22, no. 2 (April 2004): 167–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev.2004.22.2.167.
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IVANENKO, Olesia, and Ivan PONOMARENKO. "Road traffic safety in Ukraine: state and development prospects." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 6/2 (June 30, 2021): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2021.6(2).5.
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Introduction. The issue of road traffic safety has been studied by many modern scientists. However, despite the research, this issue remains relevant to this day, both theoretically and practically. This is due to the fact that the concept of road traffic safety is not currently enshrined in law, and there is no unanimity among scientists on its content. Moreover, the relevance of the practical component is evidenced by the fact that over the past three years a number of important regulations in the field of road traffic safety and procedures for their implementation have been developed. The purpose of the paper is to determine the state of road traffic safety in Ukraine. In accordance with the goal, the main objectives of this study are to formulate a definition of “traffic”, “road traffic safety”, outlining their elements; determining the state of road traffic safety in Ukraine and further development trends, establishing the main directions of implementation of state policy in the field of road traffic safety. Results. Covering the issue of road safety, it should be noted that the current legislation of Ukraine does not provide a definition of this concept, but in 2016 there was an attempt to legislate both the legal category of “road traffic safety” and a number of closely related to it. Thus, the authors of the draft Law on Road Traffic and Safety defined traffic as “the process of traffic on roads and other places where it is not prohibited by the draft law”, and road traffic safety as “a state of the road system, due to which the appropriate level of protection of road users from road accidents and their negative consequences is determined and achieved”. It should be emphasized that road traffic safety is achieved through the application of appropriate measures of organizational, administrative, socio-economic and technical nature, which are enshrined in regulations and which are aimed at ensuring the proper and safe level road traffic safety for all its participants. It should be noted that neither the Ukrainian legislator nor the state executive bodies reduce the state of danger on the roads of Ukraine, so they are constantly developing appropriate programs and taking measures to increase the level of road traffic safety. Thus, in 2020, a state program was approved, the main goal of which is to reduce the level of accidents on the roads and the severity, first of all, of the socio-economic consequences of road accidents. Conclusion. According to the legislation of Ukraine, road traffic safety should be understood as a set of socio-economic and organizational-technical measures to ensure road traffic safety and road user, prevention of road traffic accidents and elimination or minimization of their negative consequences.
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Peltola, Harri. "Seasonally Changing Speed Limits: Effects on Speeds and Accidents." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1734, no. 1 (January 2000): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1734-07.
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Summarized are the results of studies that examined the effects of speed limits that were changed on a seasonal basis on Finnish main roads. The first of these studies was an experimental study (1987–1989) in which speed limits were changed according to time of year. A follow-up study was then conducted on the resulting and greatly expanded use of lower speed limits during the winters of 1989 to 1996. Reasons for lowering wintertime speed limits involved primarily adverse road and driving conditions, including slippery roads, the use of studded tires, frequent heavy rain or snowfall, and darkness. In the 2-year study, a statistically significant accident reduction of 14 percent was detected, and the followup suggests an even greater accident reduction. This significant accident reduction was achieved by cutting mean speeds as little as 3.8 km/h. Interviews with drivers showed they accepted the lower speed limits surprisingly well, most likely because they understood the reasons for them. Although significant safety advantages have been gained in poor driving conditions, the gains have been even greater in good conditions on roads of reasonably high standard because such roads are where speed limits dropped the most. Lower wintertime speed limits have had a positive safety effect, even on roads with a fixed 100-km/h speed limit. As a result, most 100-km/h speed limit signs in Finland are now changed manually to 80 km/h at the end of October and back to 100 km/h in early March. These safety measures have proven to be both cost-effective and well accepted. Lower wintertime speed limits are now being planned in other northern European countries.
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Li, Maosheng, Hui Xie, and Panpan Shu. "Study on the Impact of Traffic Accidents in Key Areas of Rural Roads." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 13, 2021): 7802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147802.
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In recent years, the proportion of rural road fatalities in the country is gradually increasing, among which the traffic safety problems are particularly prominent in the town-rural area and the town-center area. Based on the relevant accident data in Hunan Province in recent years, the chi-square test was conducted to obtain the correlation degree between each risk factor and accident severity based on gender stratification. Then, a binary logistic model was established to obtain the significant factors that affect the accident severity in the town-rural area and the town-center area, respectively. Based on the significant factors, relevant safety improvement measures were proposed for the key areas. The results show that severe accidents were significantly related to single-vehicle factors, motorcycle factors, and intersections factors in the town-rural area. In the town-center area, severe accidents were significantly related to elderly age, single-vehicle factors, and nighttime factors. The study obtained the risk factors in key areas, which can provide a reference for the improvement of traffic safety in key areas of rural roads, to ensure the safety and sustainability of rural traffic.
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Hong, Jinhyun, David McArthur, and Varun Raturi. "Did Safe Cycling Infrastructure Still Matter During a COVID-19 Lockdown?" Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 19, 2020): 8672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208672.
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The UK government introduced strict measures (including asking people to work from home and a lockdown) to slow the spread of COVID-19 by limiting people’s movement. This led to substantial reductions in traffic, making roads much safer for cyclists. This provides a unique opportunity to study the role played by safe cycling infrastructure. Many UK cities have provided cycling infrastructure to improve safety and encourage cycling. However, access to safe cycling infrastructure varies across neighbourhoods, potentially contributing to inequality. Since roads became safer due to the unprecedented reduction in traffic during the lockdown, safe cycling infrastructure may not play a significant role during this period. On the other hand, safe cycling lanes are often connected to amenities, potentially attracting cyclists even if they confer no additional safety benefit. That is, connectivity might matter more than safety. In this study, we utilised crowdsourced cycling data and regression models to examine the extent to which cycling intensity for non-commuting purposes changes with different types of cycling infrastructure in the city of Glasgow, Scotland, UK. In addition, we selected some areas with large increases in cycling intensity and examined the surrounding environments using Google Street View. Our results showed that non-commuting cycling activities increased significantly after the government interventions on both typical roads and safe cycling lanes while much higher increases were observed on safe cycling lanes than on other roads. A further analysis showed that there were large increases in cycling volumes on both typical roads and safe cycling lanes with good amenities and connectivity, highlighting the importance of these factors when building new cycling infrastructure. Since safe cycling lanes are not equally accessible to people, providing temporary cycling lanes during the pandemic considering these conditions could encourage people to cycle more, and thereby improve their health.
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Z. Ncube, Prince, Priviledge Cheteni, and Kholeka P. Sindiyandiya. "Road accidents fatalities trends and safety management in South Africa." Problems and Perspectives in Management 14, no. 3 (November 10, 2016): 627–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(3-3).2016.05.
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Road related fatalities remain high in South Africa compared to other African nations. The purpose of this study was to analyze the determinants of road accident fatalities in South Africa’s transport sector. The determinants were examined using the ordinary least squares (OLS) method. The results suggest that drunken driving, paved roads and use of seatbelts are some of the determinants in the number of road related fatalities. The study recommends that the South African government put strict measures in dealing with drunk driving that has contributed to the unnecessary loss of life, especially during holiday periods. Keywords: drunk driving, road safety management, Haddon matrix, enforcement, seatbelts. JEL Classification: O18, R41, Z00, Z18
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Benny Hamdi Rhoma Putra and Doni Rinaldi Basri. "UPAYA PENINGKATAN KESELAMATAN PADA LOKASI RAWAN KECELAKAAN DI RUAS JALAN KOTA PEKANBARU." Jurnal Infrastruktur 3, no. 2 (July 29, 2019): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.35814/infrastruktur.v3i2.708.
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Traffic accidents are stochastic and occur due to a combination of several factors. Due to disadvantages by accidents, it is necessary to have a study to improve road safety. This research take the case on the roads in Pekanbaru City. Secondary data in the form of accident report obtained from Ditlantas Polda RIAU. While the primary data obtained directly from the survey location and questionnaire location accident-prone. The purpose of this research is to find blackspot area based on the result of the highest accident rate ranking, perform safety analysis, conflict analysis at blackspot location, and recommend accident countermeasures for that locations. Rating analysis was conducted using accident data for 3 years using accident frequency criteria, EPDO. Blackspot area are; Jl. Hangtuah KM 1-2, Jl. Hr.Subrantas KM 3-4, Jl. Sukarno Hatta KM 1-2. Based on the safety problems, some safety remedial measures are proposed for these loaction. The safety remedial measures proposed for Jl. Hantuah KM 1-2 are Installation of speed limit sign, Road marking with continous line, and providing road lighting. The safety remedial measures proposed for Jl. HR. Subrantas are Installation of Warning Signs, Zebra Cross, Pavement Repair, Signs of parking ban on the shoulder of the road. The safety remedial measures proposed for Jl Sukarno Hatta KM 1-2 are Installation of Speed Limit Sign, and relocation of u-turn.
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Kett, Maria, and Marcella Deluca. "Transport and Access to Inclusive Education in Mashonaland West Province, Zimbabwe." Social Inclusion 4, no. 3 (June 7, 2016): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v4i3.502.
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Lack of accessible transportation is considered a major barrier to education for children with disabilities—children already far less likely to attend school. While millions of children face challenges with getting to school, including long distances, poor roads, lack of transport and safety issues, these can be compounded for children with disabilities. Yet there is little data from low and middle-income countries on the nature and extent of this exclusion, or on attempted solutions. This paper explores some practical options for improving transport as part of providing inclusive education for children with disabilities in low income countries, as well applying concepts of transport-related social exclusion in such contexts. The paper reviews a project designed to improve sustainable transportation to school for children with disabilities in four districts in Mashonaland West Province, Zimbabwe. The most common solution was three wheel motorbikes (tricycles) with trailers. Whilst not been unproblematic, teachers, parents and the wider communities overwhelmingly agree that they have supported children with disabilities to attend school. Obviously tricycles are not the only component needed for an inclusive education system, but they are a start. The paper also highlights some crucial gaps in current approaches, key among which is the fact the most government departments work in silos. Whilst inclusive education is strongly supported by the Zimbabwean Government, there is a lack of joined up thinking between transport and education ministries. Without stronger collaboration across ministries children with disabilities will continue to experience avoidable barriers and transport-related social exclusion.
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Shourov, Chowdhury Erfan, Mahasweta Sarkar, Arash Jahangiri, and Christopher Paolini. "Deep Learning Architectures for Skateboarder–Pedestrian Surrogate Safety Measures." Future Transportation 1, no. 2 (September 12, 2021): 387–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/futuretransp1020022.
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Skateboarding as a method of transportation has become prevalent, which has increased the occurrence and likelihood of pedestrian–skateboarder collisions and near-collision scenarios in shared-use roadway areas. Collisions between pedestrians and skateboarders can result in significant injury. New approaches are needed to evaluate shared-use areas prone to hazardous pedestrian–skateboarder interactions, and perform real-time, in situ (e.g., on-device) predictions of pedestrian–skateboarder collisions as road conditions vary due to changes in land usage and construction. A mechanism called the Surrogate Safety Measures for skateboarder–pedestrian interaction can be computed to evaluate high-risk conditions on roads and sidewalks using deep learning object detection models. In this paper, we present the first ever skateboarder–pedestrian safety study leveraging deep learning architectures. We view and analyze state of the art deep learning architectures, namely the Faster R-CNN and two variants of the Single Shot Multi-box Detector (SSD) model to select the correct model that best suits two different tasks: automated calculation of Post Encroachment Time (PET) and finding hazardous conflict zones in real-time. We also contribute a new annotated data set that contains skateboarder–pedestrian interactions that has been collected for this study. Both our selected models can detect and classify pedestrians and skateboarders correctly and efficiently. However, due to differences in their architectures and based on the advantages and disadvantages of each model, both models were individually used to perform two different set of tasks. Due to improved accuracy, the Faster R-CNN model was used to automate the calculation of post encroachment time, whereas to determine hazardous regions in real-time, due to its extremely fast inference rate, the Single Shot Multibox MobileNet V1 model was used. An outcome of this work is a model that can be deployed on low-cost, small-footprint mobile and IoT devices at traffic intersections with existing cameras to perform on-device inferencing for in situ Surrogate Safety Measurement (SSM), such as Time-To-Collision (TTC) and Post Encroachment Time (PET). SSM values that exceed a hazard threshold can be published to an Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) broker, where messages are received by an intersection traffic signal controller for real-time signal adjustment, thus contributing to state-of-the-art vehicle and pedestrian safety at hazard-prone intersections.
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Kishore Kumar, K., Atmakuri Sravan Kumar, Sunkari Amarnadh Gupta, and Sure Venkata Naga Parvesh. "Smart alert for smart transportation." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.7 (February 5, 2018): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.7.10637.
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Road accident is mostly happened to a road user, though they happen quite often. The most unfortunate thing is that we don't learn from our mistakes on road. Most of the road users are quite well aware of the general rules and safety measures while using roads but it is only the laxity on part of road users, which cause accidents and crashes. Main cause of accidents and crashes are due to human errors. Many of the road accidents occurs in the human errors by overriding, drink and drive and don’t follow safety precautions on roads. Various national and international researchers have found these as most common behavior of Road drivers, which leads to accidents [4].So, we came up with an application to alert hospital emergency and cops. all the users can easily handle this application when accident emergency occur. In the same way we can save life of a person by occur road accident.
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Musunuru, Anusha, Ran Wei, and Richard J. Porter. "Predicting Day and Night Traffic Volumes on Rural Roads for Statistical Road Safety Modeling." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2659, no. 1 (January 2017): 192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2659-21.
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Statistical road safety modelers have commonly used some combination of segment length and traffic volume as measures of exposure. Traffic volume is usually represented in statistical road safety models with annual average daily traffic (AADT), which turns out to be a highly influential right-hand-side variable for regression models of expected crash frequency. Models that use AADT alone do not explicitly capture differences in traffic volume patterns throughout the 24-h day; this factor can have significant effects on safety performance. This study adds to the existing literature by developing more disaggregated estimates of traffic volumes for day and night conditions in rural areas and modeling road safety using those estimates. The proposed approach is demonstrated with the data from all automatic traffic recorder stations in Utah, with subsequent safety analysis focused on rural two-lane horizontal curve segments. Universal kriging, along with multiple covariates, proved to be an effective spatial technique for predicting day and night traffic volumes at unmeasured locations using data from permanent traffic-recording stations. Predicted day and night traffic volume estimates were incorporated into statistical road safety models of the expected number of crashes on rural two-lane horizontal curves to determine how this new information affected safety model estimation results. The parameter estimate for the predicted ratio of night-to-day traffic volume was positive and statistically significant and verified the hypothesis that horizontal curves with higher proportions of traffic at night were expected to experience more crashes than similar curves with higher proportions of traffic during the day.
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Jose Andueza, Pedro. "Mathematical Models of Vehicular Speed on Mountain Roads." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1701, no. 1 (January 2000): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1701-13.
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Mathematical models were developed to estimate vehicular speed on curves and tangents in mountain roads. The 85th percentile speed for curves was estimated by using the radius of the curve under consideration, the radius of the previous curve, sight distance in the curve, and tangent length before the curve. The average speed was calculated by using the radius of the curve under consideration, the radius of the previous curve, and sight distance. The 85th percentile and the average speed were estimated by using the radius of the previous curve and tangent length. Speeds adopted by drivers respond not to engineer’s design speed but to geometric characteristics of the road. A design procedure is proposed that takes advantage of available design speed and driver behavior on the road at the same time. On a curve, drivers consider two efficiency measures: speed and comfort. On some curves, they prefer to feel a certain degree of discomfort in exchange for obtaining greater speeds. For some geometric conditions, drivers adopt a speed that sacrifices not only comfort but also safety.
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Abukauskas, Nemunas, and Egidijus Skrodenis. "PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC CONDITIONS OF RURAL ROADS AND BUILT-UP AREAS: THE ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING SITUATION AND POSSIBILITIES OF IMPROVING TRAFFIC CONDITIONS." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 2, no. 3 (June 30, 2010): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2010.054.
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The results of lengthy thorough investigations into traffic safety situation show that the percentage of pedestrians getting involved in road traffic accidents on Lithuanian roads is significantly higher (more than 33 % of the total number of injury and fatal accidents) than that compared to the other European Union member-states. The article studies traffic safety problems and their factors causing the largest influence on the occurrence of these accidents. Considering valuable experience gained by foreign countries, investigation was carried out to establish general and main factors causing insufficient road safety conditions and significance of these factors to road safety. The article also shows the main activity improving road safety in Lithuania and discusses the effectiveness of strategic and local (temporary and long term) measures to improve conditions for pedestrian road safety.
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Shilony, Yuval. "THE PRODUCTION AND PREDICTION OF TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS." Journal of Prediction Markets 1, no. 2 (December 14, 2012): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/jpm.v1i2.426.
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Traffic accidents are a painful and costly affliction all over the world. The discussion and debate over the most effective measures to adopt to enhance road safety is often based on folk theories and is not free of private interests and pressures. Road traffic is a complicated system of interactions providing transportation services. Unfortunately, in conjunction with these services, traffic accidents, an awful public bad, are produced. The purpose of this paper is to study the production relationship, for inter-city transportation, between the physical factors, i.e., highways and vehicles, and traffic accidents. The upshot is prediction ability of accidents in any given road segment, existing or planned. The regretful aspect of roads runs counter to conventional wisdom which, failing to appreciate the quantitative relationship between roads and accidents, often advocates building more and wider roads as the remedy. The empirically substantiated public bad property of roads, by way of production functions for traffic accidents, is useful for public policy, concerning the investment in highways versus other forms of transportation, such as rail. They also promote better understanding of traffic accidents and their data and the methodology allows testing hypotheses relating to safety policy. This study sheds light on the enigma of the long-term decline in the probability of death on the road, as observed in many countries, by attributing it to the rising traffic density. The estimation also sheds light on the accident-externality imposed by road users on others. The results suggest that for inter-city roads the risk of fatal and severe accidents is over-internalized by road users as the marginal effect of traffic flow is smaller than the average.
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Cafiso, Salvatore, Carmelo D'Agostino, Radosław Bąk, and Mariusz Kieć. "Traffic conflicts analyses for 2+1 road sections." MATEC Web of Conferences 231 (2018): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823101006.
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The additional passing lanes and 2+1 roads improve significant road safety. Studies indicate sections with additional passing lanes (relief or alternately), which may cause reduction in the number of accidents by 50%. However, how geometric design affects the safety performance of such sections is not in depth investigated. Previous studies are carried out with two approaches, i.e. the most often, based on analysis of observed crashes and more rarely by using microsimulation study. In the case of microsimulation research, traffic conflict theory can be applied as a surrogate measure of safety. One of the main problem in simulated conflicts study is the validation of simulation results against real world conditions. The aim of the paper is to assess the reliability of traffic conflict measures obtained by microsimulation against real world observation. Conflicts were detected and classified from video recording and analysis of vehicle trajectories in the merging area on 2+1 roads in Poland. Conducted studies focus only on lane changing conflicts, locations and TTCs values of observed conflicts between vehicles were primarily identified. Observed conflicts are than compared with microsimulated one, to assess if there is a correlation in the two.
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Amador-Jimenez, Luis, and Amir Pooyan Afghari. "Road Safety and Pavement Management: a case study of Tanzania." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 10, no. 2 (June 25, 2015): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2015.17.
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The implementation of pavement management seems to ignore road safety, with its focus being mainly on infrastructure condition. Safety management as part of pavement management should consider various means of reducing the frequency of vehicle crashes by allocating corrective measures to mitigate accident exposure, as well as reduce accident severity and likelihood. However, it is common that lack of accident records and crash contributing factors impedes incorporating safety into pavement management. This paper presents a case study for the initial development of pavement management systems considering data limitations for 3000 km of Tanzania’s national roads. A performance based optimization utilizes indices for safety and surface condition to allocate corrective measures. A modified Pareto analysis capable of accounting for annual performance and of balancing resources to achieve good surface condition and low levels of safety was applied. Tradeoff analysis for the case study found the need to assign 30% relevance to condition and 70% to road safety. Safety and condition deficiencies were corrected within 5 years with the majority of improvements dedicated to surface treatments and some geometric corrections. Large investments for correcting geo-metric issues were observed in years two and three if more money was made available.
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AlSaeid, Hana, Talal Almutairi, Hamad Matar, Faraj F. Al-Ajmi, Fawaz A. Alrashidi, Mohammad A. E. Husain, and Wafaa Saleh. "Impacts of socio economic factors on perceptions of being safe while using Kuwaiti roads." World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development 13, no. 1 (January 4, 2016): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjstsd-09-2015-0045.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate road users attitudes and preferences towards accidents and safety measures in Kuwait. The paper also quantifies impacts of user’s attitudes on the perception of being safe while using roads in Kuwait. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, a review of relevant literature, has been carried out, then a questionnaire has been piloted and implemented to collect data. The main survey was carried out in 2013. A total of 700 distributed questionnaires resulted in the return of 427 completed questionnaires. Findings – Results show that socio economic, attitudes and work commitment factors, all contribute to the behaviour and attitudes of road users in Kuwait. Research limitations/implications – Data are limited due to time constraints. Originality/value – There is very little knowledge of modelling and analysing factors which affect drivers’ behaviour towards safety in Kuwait.
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SONOBE, Shuhei, Toshiyuki NAKAMURA, Yuichi KINUTA, Seishu KITAMURA, and Nobuhiro UNO. "POSSIBILITY OF UTILIZE DRIVING SIMULATOR FOR INTRODUCING HUMPS OR IMAGE HUMPS AS TRAFFIC SAFETY MEASURES ON COMMUNITY ROADS." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. D3 (Infrastructure Planning and Management) 74, no. 5 (2018): I_1387—I_1397. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejipm.74.i_1387.
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Lindly, Jay K. "Draft State Utility Pole Safety Program for Alabama." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1851, no. 1 (January 2003): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1851-14.
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The Code of Federal Regulations [23 CFR 645.209(k)] requires highway agencies to work with utility companies to initiate corrective measures to utility facilities that are found to be likely to cause injury to motorists. The contribution that a reduction in utility pole–related crashes could make to the overall highway safety effort in Alabama was studied, and methods of accomplishing such reductions were examined. A review of the programs of nearby states with utility pole safety programs shows that they address utility pole safety principally during state department of transportation (DOT) construction projects. Crash data investigations showed that a specific utility pole safety program would have a small effect on overall roadway safety in Alabama. Additionally, there is strong competition for safety funds. After examination of the situation for Alabama DOT-controlled roads, the limitation of pole remediation projects to active construction projects or to any sites that can be positively identified through the normal cost–benefit studies used for safety projects was endorsed.
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Samu, Remember, and Aysu Sagun Kentel. "An analysis of the flood management and mitigation measures in Zimbabwe for a sustainable future." International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 31 (October 2018): 691–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.07.013.
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