Academic literature on the topic 'Roads – United States – Maps'

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Journal articles on the topic "Roads – United States – Maps"

1

Holmes, Rachel. "READING ROUTE MAPS IN UNITED STATES ROAD TRIP BOOKS." Studies in Travel Writing 4, no. 1 (2000): 165–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13645145.2000.9634904.

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2

Bauer, John T. "Navigating Without Road Maps: The Early Business of Automobile Route Guide Publishing in the United States." Proceedings of the ICA 1 (May 16, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-1-7-2018.

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In the United States, automobile route guides were important precursors to the road maps that Americans are familiar with today. Listing turn-by-turn directions between cities, they helped drivers navigate unmarked, local roads. This paper examines the early business of route guide publishing through the Official Automobile Blue Book series of guides. It focuses specifically on the expansion, contraction, and eventual decline of the Blue Book publishing empire and also the work of professional “pathfinders” that formed the company’s data-gathering infrastructure. Be- ginning in 1901 with only one volume, the series steadily grew until 1920, when thirteen volumes were required to record thousands of routes throughout the country. Bankruptcy and corporate restructuring in 1921 forced the publishers to condense the guide into a four-volume set in 1922. Competition from emerging sheet maps, along with the nationwide standardization of highway numbers, pushed a switch to an atlas format in 1926. Blue Books, however, could not remain competitive and disappeared after 1937. “Pathfinders” were employed by the publishers and equipped with reliable automobiles. Soon they developed a shorthand notation system for recording field notes and efficiently incorporating them into the development workflow. Although pathfinders did not call themselves cartographers, they were geographical data field collectors and considered their work to be an “art and a science,” much the same as modern-day cartographers. The paper concludes with some comments about the place of route guides in the history of American commercial cartography and draws some parallels between “pathfinders” and the digital road mappers of today.
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3

Soulard, Christopher E., William Acevedo, and Stephen V. Stehman. "Removing Rural Roads from the National Land Cover Database to Create Improved Urban Maps for the United States, 1992 to 2011." Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 84, no. 2 (2018): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14358/pers.84.2.101.

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4

Nazneen, Sahima, Mahdi Rezapour, and Khaled Ksaibati. "Application of Geographical Information System Techniques to Determine High Crash-Prone Areas in the Fort Peck Indian Reservation." Open Transportation Journal 14, no. 1 (2020): 174–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874447802014010174.

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Background: Historically, Indian reservations have been struggling with higher crash rates than the rest of the United States. In an effort to improve roadway safety in these areas, different agencies are working to address this disparity. For any safety improvement program, identifying high risk crash locations is the first step to determine contributing factors of crashes and select corresponding countermeasures. Methods: This study proposes an approach to determine crash-prone areas using Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques through creating crash severity maps and Network Kernel Density Estimation (NetKDE). These two maps were assessed to determine the high-risk road segments having a high crash rate, and high injury severity. However, since the statistical significance of the hotspots cannot be evaluated in NetKDE, this study employed Getis-Ord Gi* (d) statistics to ascertain statistically significant crash hotspots. Finally, maps generated through these two methods were assessed to determine statistically significant high-risk road segments. Moreover, temporal analysis of the crash pattern was performed using spider graphs to explore the variance throughout the day. Results: Within the Fort Peck Indian Reservation, some parts of the US highway 13, BIA Route 1, and US highway 2 are among the many segments being identified as high-risk road segments in this analysis. Also, although some residential roads have PDO crashes, they have been detected as high priority areas due to high crash occurrence. The temporal analysis revealed that crash patterns were almost similar on the weekdays reaching the peak at traffic peak hours, but during the weekend, crashes mostly occurred at midnight. Conclusion: The study would provide tribes with the tool to identify locations demanding immediate safety concerns. This study can be used as a template for other tribes to perform spatial and temporal analysis of the crash patterns to identify high risk crash locations on their roadways.
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5

Jacobs, Jennifer M., Lia R. Cattaneo, William Sweet, and Theodore Mansfield. "Recent and Future Outlooks for Nuisance Flooding Impacts on Roadways on the U.S. East Coast." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 2 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118756366.

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Tidal floods (i.e., “nuisance” flooding) are occurring more often during seasonal high tides or minor wind events, and the frequency is expected to increase dramatically in the coming decades. During these flood events, coastal communities’ roads are often impassable or difficult to pass, thus impacting routine transport needs. This study identifies vulnerable roads and quantifies the risk from nuisance flooding in the Eastern United States by combining public road information from the Federal Highway Administration’s Highway Performance Monitoring System with flood frequency maps, tidal gauge historic observations, and future projections of annual minor tidal flood frequencies and durations. The results indicate that tidal nuisance flooding across the East Coast threatens 7508 miles (12,083 km) of roadways including over 400 miles (644 km) of interstate roadways. From 1996–2005 to 2006–2015, there was a 90% average increase in nuisance floods. With sea level rise, nuisance-flood frequency is projected to grow at all locations assessed. The total induced vehicle-hours of delay due to nuisance flooding currently exceed 100 million hours annually. Nearly 160 million vehicle-hours of delay across the East Coast by 2020 (85% increase from 2010); 1.2 billion vehicle-hours by 2060 (126% increase from 2010); and 3.4 billion vehicle-hours by 2100 (392% increase from 2010) are projected under an intermediate low sea-level-rise scenario. By 2056–2065, nuisance flooding could occur almost daily at sites in Connecticut, New Jersey, Maryland, the District of Columbia, North Carolina, and Florida under an intermediate sea-level-rise scenario.
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6

Hilton, Brian N., Thomas A. Horan, Richard Burkhard, and Benjamin Schooley. "SafeRoadMaps: Communication of Location and Density of Traffic Fatalities through Spatial Visualization and Heat Map Analysis." Information Visualization 10, no. 1 (2010): 82–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ivs.2010.14.

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Road traffic injuries are the number one, non-disease-related, cause of death in the world; more than 1.2 million people die each year on the roads, and between 20 and 50 million sustain non-fatal injuries. In 2008, in the United States, there were 37 261 motor vehicle fatalities – the result of 34 017 motor vehicle crashes. Clearly, there is an urgent need for governmental agencies, and other key institutions, to increase and sustain action to prevent motor vehicle injuries. This article reports on the iterative development of SafeRoadMaps, a publicly accessible system for presenting accident frequencies and characteristics based on geographic location ( www.saferoadmaps.org ). The system was developed to visually communicate and allow analysis of public health issues related to rural and urban road transportation safety. One of the distinctive features of this online system is the use of ‘heat maps’ as a visual means for communicating the spatial density of traffic fatalities. The article begins with a review of the action research design approach utilized for the analysis, design and implementation of this system, continues with an overview of the system and its visualization methods to communicate safety information to travelers and other stakeholders, and concludes with a summary of findings from end-user feedback, including the system's potential to raise user awareness and affect driving behavior.
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7

Cook, Mylan R., Kent L. Gee, Mark K. Transtrum, Shane V. Lympany, and Matthew F. Calton. "Improving upon standard approaches for mapping road traffic noise." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (2022): A117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0010835.

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The Federal Highway Administration’s Traffic Noise Model is the standard model used to predict traffic noise in the United States. The Department of Transportation’s National Transportation Noise Map (NTNM), based on average annual daily traffic counts, uses the traffic noise model to map out an average A-weighted equivalent sound level based on road traffic. Because the NTNM does not account for temporal variation, measured acoustic levels often differ from the average predicted levels. A recent internally developed method uses state highway agencies’ reported traffic counts to create a model to predict hourly traffic across the United States based on geospatial features. This predictive approach can be combined with acoustical propagation algorithms in the traffic noise model to create temporally variable traffic noise maps. Because predicted traffic counts match reported traffic counts more closely than averaged counts, predicted sound levels are more characteristic of measured sound levels than the NTNM. The expected sound level errors using the predictive approach are shown to be significantly smaller than the expected NTNM errors. [Work supported by U.S. Army SBIR.]
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8

Quinn, Sterling D. "What can we see from the road? Applications of a cumulative viewshed analysis on a US state highway network." Geographica Helvetica 77, no. 2 (2022): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-77-165-2022.

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Abstract. In many parts of the world, motorized travel is one of the most common ways that people interact with their regional landscape. This study investigates how travelers' understandings of place might be influenced by what landforms they can see from a vehicle. It uses a cumulative viewshed analysis on the Washington State (United States) highway network to determine which physical landscape features are most frequently visible or obscured from the road. Adapting ideas from Kevin Lynch's The Image of the City, I propose spatial data processing methods to derive landmarks, edges, and districts that could most contribute to the mental maps of travelers and should be prioritized for labeling on print, electronic, and augmented reality maps. Other applications of the cumulative viewshed include deriving scenic byways, siting proposed construction for high or low visibility, and guiding conversations about critical toponymy and perceptions of place.
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9

Pan, Richard J. D., and Jonathan A. Finkelstein. "Pediatric Education and Managed Care: A Literature Review." Pediatrics 101, Supplement_3 (1998): 739–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.101.s3.739.

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Managed care is becoming the dominant form of health care delivery and financing in the United States, necessitating changes in pediatric education. This transition is redefining the questions of what needs to be taught, who should be teaching it, where it should be taught, and how to pay for this education. We performed a literature review and examined reports from policy and professional groups to seek answers to these questions. We have identified curricular, administrative, and financial challenges to pediatric education in managed care. Although road maps for innovation have been described, there is a deficiency of research and information in key areas of pediatric education in the managed care environment.
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10

Cook, Mylan R., Kent L. Gee, Mark K. Transtrum, Shane V. Lympany, and Matthew F. Calton. "A physics-guided model for predicting spectral and temporal variability of road traffic noise." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (2022): A48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015497.

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The National Transportation Noise Map (NTNM) provides daily averaged A-weighted equivalent sound levels across the continental United States (CONUS) due to road traffic. The NTNM maps the spatial variability of road traffic noise, but not the temporal or spectral variability. A physics-guided model was developed to predict the temporal and spectral variability of road traffic noise across CONUS. Empirical models were developed to predict hourly road traffic volume and vehicle class mix across CONUS based on publicly available traffic volume measurements and geospatial data. The Federal Highway Administration’s Traffic Noise Model characterizes average spectral levels by vehicle class; by combining the empirical model with the Traffic Noise Model’s characteristic vehicle class spectra, hourly traffic noise predictions across CONUS are made which include temporal and spectral variability. This physics-based modeling approach improves upon nation-wide mapping of road traffic noise. [Work supported by U.S. Army SBIR.]
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