Academic literature on the topic 'Roads – United States – Maps'

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Journal articles on the topic "Roads – United States – Maps"

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Holmes, Rachel. "READING ROUTE MAPS IN UNITED STATES ROAD TRIP BOOKS." Studies in Travel Writing 4, no. 1 (January 2000): 165–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13645145.2000.9634904.

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Bauer, John T. "Navigating Without Road Maps: The Early Business of Automobile Route Guide Publishing in the United States." Proceedings of the ICA 1 (May 16, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-1-7-2018.

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In the United States, automobile route guides were important precursors to the road maps that Americans are familiar with today. Listing turn-by-turn directions between cities, they helped drivers navigate unmarked, local roads. This paper examines the early business of route guide publishing through the Official Automobile Blue Book series of guides. It focuses specifically on the expansion, contraction, and eventual decline of the Blue Book publishing empire and also the work of professional “pathfinders” that formed the company’s data-gathering infrastructure. Be- ginning in 1901 with only one volume, the series steadily grew until 1920, when thirteen volumes were required to record thousands of routes throughout the country. Bankruptcy and corporate restructuring in 1921 forced the publishers to condense the guide into a four-volume set in 1922. Competition from emerging sheet maps, along with the nationwide standardization of highway numbers, pushed a switch to an atlas format in 1926. Blue Books, however, could not remain competitive and disappeared after 1937. “Pathfinders” were employed by the publishers and equipped with reliable automobiles. Soon they developed a shorthand notation system for recording field notes and efficiently incorporating them into the development workflow. Although pathfinders did not call themselves cartographers, they were geographical data field collectors and considered their work to be an “art and a science,” much the same as modern-day cartographers. The paper concludes with some comments about the place of route guides in the history of American commercial cartography and draws some parallels between “pathfinders” and the digital road mappers of today.
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Soulard, Christopher E., William Acevedo, and Stephen V. Stehman. "Removing Rural Roads from the National Land Cover Database to Create Improved Urban Maps for the United States, 1992 to 2011." Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 84, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14358/pers.84.2.101.

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Nazneen, Sahima, Mahdi Rezapour, and Khaled Ksaibati. "Application of Geographical Information System Techniques to Determine High Crash-Prone Areas in the Fort Peck Indian Reservation." Open Transportation Journal 14, no. 1 (August 25, 2020): 174–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874447802014010174.

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Background: Historically, Indian reservations have been struggling with higher crash rates than the rest of the United States. In an effort to improve roadway safety in these areas, different agencies are working to address this disparity. For any safety improvement program, identifying high risk crash locations is the first step to determine contributing factors of crashes and select corresponding countermeasures. Methods: This study proposes an approach to determine crash-prone areas using Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques through creating crash severity maps and Network Kernel Density Estimation (NetKDE). These two maps were assessed to determine the high-risk road segments having a high crash rate, and high injury severity. However, since the statistical significance of the hotspots cannot be evaluated in NetKDE, this study employed Getis-Ord Gi* (d) statistics to ascertain statistically significant crash hotspots. Finally, maps generated through these two methods were assessed to determine statistically significant high-risk road segments. Moreover, temporal analysis of the crash pattern was performed using spider graphs to explore the variance throughout the day. Results: Within the Fort Peck Indian Reservation, some parts of the US highway 13, BIA Route 1, and US highway 2 are among the many segments being identified as high-risk road segments in this analysis. Also, although some residential roads have PDO crashes, they have been detected as high priority areas due to high crash occurrence. The temporal analysis revealed that crash patterns were almost similar on the weekdays reaching the peak at traffic peak hours, but during the weekend, crashes mostly occurred at midnight. Conclusion: The study would provide tribes with the tool to identify locations demanding immediate safety concerns. This study can be used as a template for other tribes to perform spatial and temporal analysis of the crash patterns to identify high risk crash locations on their roadways.
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Jacobs, Jennifer M., Lia R. Cattaneo, William Sweet, and Theodore Mansfield. "Recent and Future Outlooks for Nuisance Flooding Impacts on Roadways on the U.S. East Coast." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 2 (March 13, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118756366.

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Tidal floods (i.e., “nuisance” flooding) are occurring more often during seasonal high tides or minor wind events, and the frequency is expected to increase dramatically in the coming decades. During these flood events, coastal communities’ roads are often impassable or difficult to pass, thus impacting routine transport needs. This study identifies vulnerable roads and quantifies the risk from nuisance flooding in the Eastern United States by combining public road information from the Federal Highway Administration’s Highway Performance Monitoring System with flood frequency maps, tidal gauge historic observations, and future projections of annual minor tidal flood frequencies and durations. The results indicate that tidal nuisance flooding across the East Coast threatens 7508 miles (12,083 km) of roadways including over 400 miles (644 km) of interstate roadways. From 1996–2005 to 2006–2015, there was a 90% average increase in nuisance floods. With sea level rise, nuisance-flood frequency is projected to grow at all locations assessed. The total induced vehicle-hours of delay due to nuisance flooding currently exceed 100 million hours annually. Nearly 160 million vehicle-hours of delay across the East Coast by 2020 (85% increase from 2010); 1.2 billion vehicle-hours by 2060 (126% increase from 2010); and 3.4 billion vehicle-hours by 2100 (392% increase from 2010) are projected under an intermediate low sea-level-rise scenario. By 2056–2065, nuisance flooding could occur almost daily at sites in Connecticut, New Jersey, Maryland, the District of Columbia, North Carolina, and Florida under an intermediate sea-level-rise scenario.
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Hilton, Brian N., Thomas A. Horan, Richard Burkhard, and Benjamin Schooley. "SafeRoadMaps: Communication of Location and Density of Traffic Fatalities through Spatial Visualization and Heat Map Analysis." Information Visualization 10, no. 1 (December 9, 2010): 82–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ivs.2010.14.

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Road traffic injuries are the number one, non-disease-related, cause of death in the world; more than 1.2 million people die each year on the roads, and between 20 and 50 million sustain non-fatal injuries. In 2008, in the United States, there were 37 261 motor vehicle fatalities – the result of 34 017 motor vehicle crashes. Clearly, there is an urgent need for governmental agencies, and other key institutions, to increase and sustain action to prevent motor vehicle injuries. This article reports on the iterative development of SafeRoadMaps, a publicly accessible system for presenting accident frequencies and characteristics based on geographic location ( www.saferoadmaps.org ). The system was developed to visually communicate and allow analysis of public health issues related to rural and urban road transportation safety. One of the distinctive features of this online system is the use of ‘heat maps’ as a visual means for communicating the spatial density of traffic fatalities. The article begins with a review of the action research design approach utilized for the analysis, design and implementation of this system, continues with an overview of the system and its visualization methods to communicate safety information to travelers and other stakeholders, and concludes with a summary of findings from end-user feedback, including the system's potential to raise user awareness and affect driving behavior.
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Cook, Mylan R., Kent L. Gee, Mark K. Transtrum, Shane V. Lympany, and Matthew F. Calton. "Improving upon standard approaches for mapping road traffic noise." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (April 2022): A117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0010835.

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The Federal Highway Administration’s Traffic Noise Model is the standard model used to predict traffic noise in the United States. The Department of Transportation’s National Transportation Noise Map (NTNM), based on average annual daily traffic counts, uses the traffic noise model to map out an average A-weighted equivalent sound level based on road traffic. Because the NTNM does not account for temporal variation, measured acoustic levels often differ from the average predicted levels. A recent internally developed method uses state highway agencies’ reported traffic counts to create a model to predict hourly traffic across the United States based on geospatial features. This predictive approach can be combined with acoustical propagation algorithms in the traffic noise model to create temporally variable traffic noise maps. Because predicted traffic counts match reported traffic counts more closely than averaged counts, predicted sound levels are more characteristic of measured sound levels than the NTNM. The expected sound level errors using the predictive approach are shown to be significantly smaller than the expected NTNM errors. [Work supported by U.S. Army SBIR.]
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Quinn, Sterling D. "What can we see from the road? Applications of a cumulative viewshed analysis on a US state highway network." Geographica Helvetica 77, no. 2 (May 4, 2022): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-77-165-2022.

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Abstract. In many parts of the world, motorized travel is one of the most common ways that people interact with their regional landscape. This study investigates how travelers' understandings of place might be influenced by what landforms they can see from a vehicle. It uses a cumulative viewshed analysis on the Washington State (United States) highway network to determine which physical landscape features are most frequently visible or obscured from the road. Adapting ideas from Kevin Lynch's The Image of the City, I propose spatial data processing methods to derive landmarks, edges, and districts that could most contribute to the mental maps of travelers and should be prioritized for labeling on print, electronic, and augmented reality maps. Other applications of the cumulative viewshed include deriving scenic byways, siting proposed construction for high or low visibility, and guiding conversations about critical toponymy and perceptions of place.
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Pan, Richard J. D., and Jonathan A. Finkelstein. "Pediatric Education and Managed Care: A Literature Review." Pediatrics 101, Supplement_3 (April 1, 1998): 739–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.101.s3.739.

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Managed care is becoming the dominant form of health care delivery and financing in the United States, necessitating changes in pediatric education. This transition is redefining the questions of what needs to be taught, who should be teaching it, where it should be taught, and how to pay for this education. We performed a literature review and examined reports from policy and professional groups to seek answers to these questions. We have identified curricular, administrative, and financial challenges to pediatric education in managed care. Although road maps for innovation have been described, there is a deficiency of research and information in key areas of pediatric education in the managed care environment.
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Cook, Mylan R., Kent L. Gee, Mark K. Transtrum, Shane V. Lympany, and Matthew F. Calton. "A physics-guided model for predicting spectral and temporal variability of road traffic noise." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015497.

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The National Transportation Noise Map (NTNM) provides daily averaged A-weighted equivalent sound levels across the continental United States (CONUS) due to road traffic. The NTNM maps the spatial variability of road traffic noise, but not the temporal or spectral variability. A physics-guided model was developed to predict the temporal and spectral variability of road traffic noise across CONUS. Empirical models were developed to predict hourly road traffic volume and vehicle class mix across CONUS based on publicly available traffic volume measurements and geospatial data. The Federal Highway Administration’s Traffic Noise Model characterizes average spectral levels by vehicle class; by combining the empirical model with the Traffic Noise Model’s characteristic vehicle class spectra, hourly traffic noise predictions across CONUS are made which include temporal and spectral variability. This physics-based modeling approach improves upon nation-wide mapping of road traffic noise. [Work supported by U.S. Army SBIR.]
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Roads – United States – Maps"

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Derby, Paul Edward. "Indian trails, military roads, and waterwheels : cultural and ecological transformations at Glen Lake, New York /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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Covey, Dexter R. "An in-depth analysis of the intersection located at United States Highway 53 and County Trunk Highway V." Online version, 2009. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2009/2009coveyd.pdf.

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Simons, Peter. "Isolationism on the Road to Damascus: Mass Media and Political Conversion in Rural Western Michigan." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/SimonsP2004.pdf.

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Peyton, Billy Joe. ""To make the crooked ways straight and the rough ways smooth" the federal government's role in laying out and building the Cumberland Road /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=724.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 1999.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 234 p. : ill., map Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 226-233).
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Perry, Sherry E. "Acquisition of geographic information from television news maps." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51908.

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University students were shown simulated television newscasts and then tested on the news material to see if maps within the newscast aided learning world geographic information. Students were shown one of eight simulated newscasts, of three news stories, Each newscast contained maps, varying in complexity. There were five levels of complexity. One group viewed a simulated newscast with no maps, while other groups viewed simulated newscasts containing maps with 6, 10, or 14 variables per map. A control group saw no newscasts. The order of news story presentation was varied. Students who viewed one of the newscasts did better than students who did not see one, and the average number of correct answers increased as the maps in the news programs increased in map complexity. However, the group viewing the most complex maps--the 14 variable maps, did not perform better than those who saw the 10-variable maps.
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Nguyen, Hoa Quynh. "The Relationship between Cars, Roads and Mortality Rates in the United States in the Early 20th Century." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/578693.

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The automobile transformed life in America, but there has been very little quantitative analysis of the diffusion of the automobile in the 1920s and 1930s. In my first chapter, I compile a new county panel data set with car registrations and highway miles for the 1920s and 1930s to examine the interaction between automobiles and the building of highways in three states Indiana, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin. I find that a 10 percent increase in state highway miles leads to a one percent increase in car registrations. If the Federal government helped states double their state highway miles in 1930, the number of automobile registrations in 1942 would have increased by about 63 percent at the county level. Using the same instrumental variable with Chapter 1, I discuss the relationship between the diffusion of motor vehicles on farms and farms' access to good roads in Chapter 2. A ten percent increase in farms' access to hard roads leads to 0.8 percent increase in the number of automobiles on farms, and three percent increase in the number of trucks on farms. The impact of having access to gravel/shell/clay roads on farms' truck adoption is also about three times higher than that on farms' automobile adoption. Together with the rapid automobile adoption, deaths from infectious diseases have declined in the U.S during the 20th century. The 3rd paper examines the relationship between rapid automobile adoption and the fall in mortality rates, with a focus on infant mortality in the early 20th century. Cars replaced horses and reduced the number of horse stables in the cities, along with the manure that nourished generations of flies, the key carriers of the germs and bacteria responsible for infectious diseases. This trend helped to improve sanitation on a macro (urban) and hygiene on a micro (individual) level, especially in large, crowded cities. This, in turn, drove down deaths from those diseases.
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Blanton, Paul 1968. "The distribution and impact of roads and railroads on the river landscapes of the coterminous United States." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11186.

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xvi, 150 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.
Floodplain roads and railroads are common features in river landscapes, but their distribution and impacts have not been explicitly studied. This dissertation discusses the impacts of floodplain roads and railroads on channel and floodplain processes in river landscapes at the continental, regional, and local scales. At the continental scale, I documented the spatial patterns of roads and railroads in the floodplains of the continental United States and the regional variability of their potential impacts. Based on these results, I developed a conceptual model based on topography and the interaction of transportation and stream networks that suggests that the area of lateral disconnection caused by transportation infrastructure should be most extensive in mid-sized alluvial valleys in relatively rugged settings, such as those located in the western United States. I used pre-existing digital geologic, hydrologic, and transportation data with Geographic Information Systems software to map floodplain areas and lateral disconnection along the floodplains of two river systems in Washington State. I developed methods to quickly and inexpensively delineate potential or historic floodplain surfaces, to analyze lateral floodplain disconnection caused by different types of structure, and to rank floodplain reaches in terms of salmon habitat potential. Although all floodplains exhibited disconnection, the floodplain maps and habitat rankings helped identify opportunities for habitat preservation and restoration. At the local scale, I mapped and measured the impacts of lateral disconnection, showing that channel and riparian habitat was degraded in locations with floodplain transportation infrastructure confining the channel compared with similar nearby sites lacking such confinement. Railroad grades and road beds function as confining structures in the riparian zone, disrupting flood pulses and the exchange of water, sediment, and biota between channels and their floodplains and within the floodplain. Over longer time periods, these structures can also impede the natural meandering and migration of channels across their floodplains, disrupting the erosional and depositional processes that drive the high habitat and biological diversity characteristic of floodplains. My results show that human-caused disconnections need to be further incorporated into river science and management. This dissertation includes previously published and unpublished co-authored material.
Committee in charge: W. Andrew Marcus, Chairperson, Geography; Daniel Gavin, Member, Geography; Patricia McDowell, Member, Geography; Joshua Roering, Outside Member, Geological Sciences
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Cozzetto, Helen E. "The status of corridor protection along scenic byways." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41938.

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Sharon, Scott Andrew. "Memo to the president : George Ball's warnings on the road to Vietnam /." Access resource online, 2009. http://scholar.simmons.edu/handle/10090/12571.

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Bishop, Gary D. "Uncertainty analysis of runoff estimates from runoff-depth contour maps produced by five automated procedures for the northeastern United States." PDXScholar, 1991. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4313.

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Maps of runoff-depth have been found to be useful tools in a variety of water resource applications. Producing such maps can be a challenging and expensive task. One of the standard methods of producing these maps is to use a manual procedure based on gaged runoff data, topographic and past runoff-depth maps, and the expert opinion of hydrologists. This thesis examined five new automated procedures for producing runoff-depth contour maps to see if the maps produced by these procedures had similar accuracy and characteristics when compared to the manual procedure. An uncertainty analysis was used to determine the accuracy of the automated procedure maps by withholding gaged runoff data from the creation of the contour maps and then interpolating estimated runoff back to these sites from the maps produced. Subtracting gaged runoff from estimated runoff produced interpolation error values. The mean interpolation error was used to define the accuracy of each map and was then compared to a similar study by Rochelle, et al., (1989) conducted on a manual procedure map.
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Books on the topic "Roads – United States – Maps"

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Company, H. M. Gousha. 1996 road atlas--United States, Canada, Mexico. Comfort, Tex: H.M. Gousha Company, 1996.

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National Geographic Society (U.S.). Digest road atlas: United States, Canada, Mexico. [Mountville, Pa.]: MapQuest, 2005.

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American Automobile Association. AAA road atlas: United States, Canada, Mexico. Heathrow, FL: AAA National travel, 1991.

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Rand, McNally &. co [from old catalog]. Rand McNally road atlas: United States, Canada, Mexico. 6th ed. Chicago: Rand McNally & Company, 1989.

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McNally & co. [from old catalog] Rand. Rand McNally road atlas: United States, Canada, Mexico. 6th ed. Chicago: Rand McNally & Company, 1990.

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McNally & co. [from old catalog] Rand. Rand McNally road atlas: United States, Canada, Mexico. Chicago, IL: Rand McNally & Co., 1989.

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McNally & co. [from old catalog] Rand. Rand McNally road atlas: United States/Canada/Mexico. [Chicago, IL: Rand McNally & Co., 1988.

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McNally & co. [from old catalog] Rand. Rand McNally road atlas: United States, Canada and Mexico. Chicago, Ill: Rand McNally, 1992.

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Company, Rand McNally and, ed. Rand McNally, the road atlas, large scale '05: United States. [Chicago, IL]: Rand McNally, 2005.

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Company, Lane Publishing. Road atlas: United States, Canada, Mexico. Menlo Park, CA: Lane Publishing Co, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Roads – United States – Maps"

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Kanas, Nick. "Popularizing the Solar System in the Early United States." In Solar System Maps, 231–46. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0896-3_9.

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Kohn, Bruce E., Eric M. Anderson, and Richard P. Thiel. "Wolves, Roads, and Highway Development." In Recovery of Gray Wolves in the Great Lakes Region of the United States, 217–32. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-85952-1_14.

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Stehman, Stephen V., Raymond L. Czaplewski, Sarah M. Nusser, Limin Yang, and Zhiliang Zhu. "Combining Accuracy Assessment of Land-Cover Maps With Environmental Monitoring Programs." In Monitoring Ecological Condition in the Western United States, 115–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4343-1_11.

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Hannaway, David B., Christopher Daly, Michael D. Halbleib, Daniel James, Charles P. West, Jeffrey J. Volenec, David Chapman, et al. "Development of Suitability Maps with Examples for the United States and China." In Agronomy Monographs, 31–47. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr53.c3.

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Wolf-Jacobs, Aviva, Nancy Glock-Grueneich, and Nathan Uchtmann. "Mapping Out Our Future: Using Geospatial Tools and Visual Aids to Achieve Climate Empowerment in the United States." In Storytelling to Accelerate Climate Solutions, 339–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54790-4_16.

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AbstractUrgent climate action is now impeded less by doubt that the climate crisis exists than doubt that we can do anything meaningful about it. Vivid stories of climate successes and geospatial maps showing the impact of such successes are the best way to meet this challenge. Accelerating climate solutions in the United States thus now turns on stories, maps, and other analytic and visualization tools to help achieve what the United Nations has termed climate empowerment, the “all-society” effort to mobilize all people of all nations to understand, gain the capacities for, and take the actions needed to save our planet and each other. In this chapter, we look at two types of narratives—those in the form of geospatial tools and images that help nonspecialists see and understand climate dynamics and distributional impacts of the climate crisis, and interpersonal solution stories that act as resources to help motivate collective climate action. Illustrative and analytical geospatial tools support community members in shaping climate action and environmental planning efforts, and help to ground climate adaptation processes in geographically specific data. In combination, these storytelling tools carry people over the entire arc of climate empowerment.
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Konecny, Milan, Temenoujka Bandrova, Petr Kubicek, Silvia Marinova, Radim Stampach, Zdenek Stachon, and Tomas Reznik. "Digital Earth for Disaster Mitigation." In Manual of Digital Earth, 495–526. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9915-3_15.

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Abstract This chapter describes the state-of-the-art of the potential of Digital Earth for progressively better solutions for disaster mitigation. The chapter illustrates the use of strong Digital Earth tools for data sharing and important potential for users, such as 2D or multi-D visualizations. Milestones of developments in early warning, disaster risk management and disaster risk reduction concepts are highlighted as a continuous movement between sustainable development and original concepts of disaster risk reduction. Improved solutions have been based on new research directions formulated in Sustainable Development Goals tasks and by expanding the possibilities of new effective solutions via newly organized data ecosystems generated by the United Nations Global Geospatial Information Management, the Group on Earth Observations and the Group on Earth Observations System of Systems, Copernicus and, more recently, the Digital Belt and Road initiative. The new trends in spatial big data are emphasized; the most important for disaster risk reduction are the basic theses of the U.N. Conference in Sendai. This chapter describes three aspects: innovative Digital Earth development, national and local disaster risk assessment and the benefits arising from the use of maps and dynamic data, and analyses of the contributions of cartography to disaster risk reduction.
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"Maps." In Beneath the United States, ix—x. Harvard University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4159/9780674043282-001.

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Roby, Yves. "The United States and Confederation." In Roads to Confederation, 328–47. University of Toronto Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781487515010-017.

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"Maps." In United States Foreign Policy toward Africa, xx—xxiv. Cambridge University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511598784.003.

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Pelzman, Joseph. "The redirection of United States imports." In The New Silk Roads, 148–66. Cambridge University Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511552274.010.

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Conference papers on the topic "Roads – United States – Maps"

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Fish, Francis, and Bert Bras. "Minimizing the Cost of Automotive Accidents by Optimizing the Design of Advanced Driver Assist Systems: An Empirical Study Based on a Full-Size Light-Duty Pickup Truck." In ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-70641.

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Abstract Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) have become increasingly common in vehicles in the last decade. The majority of studies has focused on smaller vehicles with gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) under 5,000lbs, predominantly sedans, for their ADAS evaluations. While it is sensible to use this style of vehicle because it is ubiquitous worldwide for a typical vehicle body style, these studies neglect full-size light-duty pickup trucks (FSLDPTs), GVWR 5,000 – 10,000lbs, which are abundant on the roads in the United States, 18% of vehicles. The increase in mass, higher center of gravity, and utilitarianism of the vehicles allows for unique conditions for studying the effects of ADAS. This work determines the best and worst location to be hit in a full-size light-duty pickup truck based on data for the industry sales leader in this class of vehicles. The objective is to use these results for future designs of ADAS technologies and their placement on the FSLDPT. While these methods could be applied to any vehicle, the FSLDPT sales leader will be investigated as it represents about 9% of registered vehicles in the United States. The results will be optimized with respect to cost in terms of initial up-front purchasing cost and post-accident vehicle repair cost.
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Roarty, Hugh, and Chris Shivock. "Surface Current Coverage of the Mid Atlantic United States." In OCEANS 2022, Hampton Roads. IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans47191.2022.9977344.

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Gaman, Angelica-Nicoleta, Sorin Simion, Marius Kovacs, and Lorand Thot. "AIR QUALITY ANALYSIS WITH THE HELP OF THE MOBILE LABORATORY AND PLOTTING DISPERSION MAPS IN CASE OF ACCIDENTAL POLLUTION." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/4.1/s19.32.

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The mobile environmental laboratory was located in a fuel distribution station located on a heavy traffic national road in Petro?ani City, Hunedoara County (Romania) to investigate dust and gas pollution, as well as dispersion of pollutants to nearby homes, using the AUSTAL VIEW software. Measurements were performed over a period of eight hours in two working days in order to better capture the movement of air masses and the dispersion of measured pollutants. In the event of accidental spills of chemicals or chemical vapors into the environment that may come from gas stations, the ALOHA (Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres) computer program was used, a free program developed and used by the USEPA (Environmental Protection Agency United States). The paper, structured on two levels, aims to quickly identify pollutants in the area of interest by simultaneously determining several samples and analysing the dispersion of concentrations, as well as assessing consequences of accidental pollution with flammable / volatile substances from a fuel station, to estimate the spatial extent of such an unwanted event. The simulation of volatile chemicals dispersion was performed for the accidental leakage of fuel into the environment when transferring fuel from tanker to reservoirs. Accidental release of toxic / flammable / explosive substances may have serious consequences for workers or neighbouring population, therefore the need to establish safety zones based on best practices in the field and on a scientific basis is fully justified.
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Ma, Jingtao, Thomas Bauer, Kiel Ova, Kyle Hatcher, Darrell Robinette, Frederic Jacquelin, and Pruthwiraj Santhosh. "Deliver Signal Phase and Timing (SPAT) for Energy Optimization of Vehicle Cohort Via Cloud-Computing and LTE Communications." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-0717.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Predictive Signal Phase and Timing (SPAT) message set is one fundamental building block for vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) applications such as Eco-Approach and Departure (EAD) at traffic signal controlled urban intersections. Among the two complementary communication methods namely short-range sidelink (PC5) and long-range cellular radio link (Uu), this paper documents the work with long-range link: the complete data chain includes connecting to the traffic signals via existing backhaul communication network, collecting the raw signal phase state data, predicting the signal state changes and delivering the SPAT data via a geofenced service to requests over HTTP protocols. An Application Programming Interface (API) library is developed to support various cellular data transmission reduction and latency improvement techniques. An emulation-based algorithm is applied to predict the traffic signal state changes to provide adequate prediction horizon (e.g., at minimum 2 minutes) for the cohort energy optimization. In fact, the same connectivity and SPAT delivery methodology has been applied to traffic signalized intersections nationwide in the United States upon public agency approvals for access to their firewalled traffic control network and signal control systems or directly to individual controllers. This methodology proves its effectiveness and potential for rapid growth of such SPAT deliveries at mass production scale without needing infrastructure hardware retrofit or excessive communication means. To support the energy optimization of light and heavy-duty vehicle cohorts of mixed automation and propulsion systems (EV, ICE and hybrid), the connection and SPAT deliveries at two sites were completed, including public roads in Washtenaw County, Michigan and closed track test sites at American Center for Mobility (ACM) in Ypsilanti, Michigan. However, only closed test track results at ACM will be presented in this paper. A neuroevolution based optimizer is developed and implemented to control the speed of a vehicle cohort with different propulsion systems and automation levels. Closed track tests showed significant energy savings of the cohort operation.</div></div>
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Colgan, Joseph, Sam Johnstone, and Donald Sweetkind. "EFFORTS TOWARDS CONSISTENT AND COMPLETE BEDROCK AND SURFICIAL MAPS OF THE UNITED STATES." In GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-382093.

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Allison, Edith. "United States Experience Regulating Unconventional Oil and Gas Development." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2573582-ms.

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ABSTRACT In the midst of aggressive anti-drilling campaigns by environmental organizations and well-publicized complaints by citizens unaccustomed to oil and gas operations, rigorous studies of unconventional oil and gas development show that there are no widespread or systemic impacts on drinking water resources in the United States. In addition, air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions have significantly declined with the growth in natural gas production and its use in power generation. Furthermore, induced seismicity from subsurface waste disposal has plummeted in response to industry initiatives and new regulations. This record of environmental protection reflects the fact that U.S. hydraulic fracturing, like other oil and gas operations, is highly regulated by the states. In addition, air emissions, operations on federal lands, and subsurface injection are subject to federal regulation. Academic and government researchers have documented that chemicals and gas produced by hydraulic fracturing are not contaminating drinking water. However, as an added complication, methane occurs naturally in drinking water aquifers in some producing areas. In 2015, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) completed a four-year study of potential aquifer contamination from hydraulic fracturing and associated industry operations. The report found some impacts on drinking water including contamination of drinking water wells; however, the number of cases was small compared to the number of wells hydraulically fractured. The scientific peer-review and public critique of the study, which continues after more than a year, may recommend additional research. The emotionally charged, anti-fracking campaigns provided important lessons to U.S. operators: pre-drilling, baseline data on water and air quality are essential to answering public concerns; infrastructure issues such as increased truck traffic on small, local roads are important to residents; and the initial failure to disclose the composition of hydraulic fracturing fluid intensified public concern.
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Yager, Richard M., David Soller, Adel Haj, Leon J. Kauffman, and James Reddy. "MAPS OF PROPERTIES OF QUATERNARY SEDIMENTS AND AQUIFERS IN THE GLACIATED CONTERMINOUS UNITED STATES." In 53rd Annual GSA Northeastern Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018ne-310460.

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Haj, Adel. "MAPS OF PROPERTIES OF QUATERNARY SEDIMENTS AND AQUIFERS IN THE GLACIATED CONTERMINOUS UNITED STATES." In 52nd Annual North-Central GSA Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018nc-311774.

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Yager, Richard M., David Soller, Adel Haj, Leon J. Kauffman, and James Reddy. "MAPS OF PROPERTIES OF QUATERNARY SEDIMENTS AND AQUIFERS IN THE GLACIATED CONTERMINOUS UNITED STATES." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-303631.

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Rodriguez-Alvarez, N., J. L. Garrison, C. S. Ruf, and M. P. Clarizia. "Optimizing an observable for ocean wind speed retrieval from calibrated GNSS-R delay-Doppler maps." In 2014 United States National Committee of URSI National Radio Science Meeting (USNC-URSI NRSM). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/usnc-ursi-nrsm.2014.6928068.

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Reports on the topic "Roads – United States – Maps"

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Pett-Ridge, J., S. Kuebbing, A. Mayer, S. Hovorka, H. Pilorge, S. Baker, S. Pang, et al. Roads to Removal: Options for Carbon Dioxide Removal in the United States. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2301853.

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Dobis, Elizabeth A., John Cromartie, Ryan Williams, and Kyle Reed. Characterizing rugged terrain in the United States. Washington, DC: Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2023.8134137.ers.

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Mountains and other topographic features with variable elevation provide benefits to residents and visitors but may also impose barriers to travel and restrict economic development. ERS researchers develop two national representations of relative topographic variability for census tracts: the Area Ruggedness Scale characterizes overall ruggedness and the Road Ruggedness Scale characterizes ruggedness along roads. To understand variation of characteristics by terrain ruggedness ERS researchers analyze population, population density, and income across road ruggedness categories, rurality, and regions in the United States. ERS researchers find that as land becomes more rugged, population density decreases, more people live in rural locations, and more rural residents live in low-income census tracts. Ruggedness is distinct from rurality but in locations that are both highly rugged and rural, unique challenges may arise.
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Shields, Matt, Jeremy Stefek, Frank Oteri, Matilda Kreider, Elizabeth Gill, Sabina Maniak, Ross Gould, Courtney Malvik, Sam Tirone, and Eric Hines. A Supply Chain Road Map for Offshore Wind Energy in the United States. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1922189.

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Ley, Matt, Tom Baldvins, Hannah Pilkington, David Jones, and Kelly Anderson. Vegetation classification and mapping project: Big Thicket National Preserve. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299254.

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The Big Thicket National Preserve (BITH) vegetation inventory project classified and mapped vegetation within the administrative boundary and estimated thematic map accuracy quantitatively. National Park Service (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Inventory Program provided technical guidance. The overall process included initial planning and scoping, imagery procurement, vegetation classification field data collection, data analysis, imagery interpretation/classification, accuracy assessment (AA), and report writing and database development. Initial planning and scoping meetings took place during May, 2016 in Kountze, Texas where representatives gathered from BITH, the NPS Gulf Coast Inventory and Monitoring Network, and Colorado State University. The project acquired new 2014 orthoimagery (30-cm, 4-band (RGB and CIR)) from the Hexagon Imagery Program. Supplemental imagery for the interpretation phase included Texas Natural Resources Information System (TNRIS) 2015 50 cm leaf-off 4-band imagery from the Texas Orthoimagery Program (TOP), Farm Service Agency (FSA) 100-cm (2016) and 60 cm (2018) National Aerial Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery, and current and historical true-color Google Earth and Bing Maps imagery. In addition to aerial and satellite imagery, 2017 Neches River Basin Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data was obtained from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and TNRIS to analyze vegetation structure at BITH. The preliminary vegetation classification included 110 United States National Vegetation Classification (USNVC) associations. Existing vegetation and mapping data combined with vegetation plot data contributed to the final vegetation classification. Quantitative classification using hierarchical clustering and professional expertise was supported by vegetation data collected from 304 plots surveyed between 2016 and 2019 and 110 additional observation plots. The final vegetation classification includes 75 USNVC associations and 27 park special types including 80 forest and woodland, 7 shrubland, 12 herbaceous, and 3 sparse vegetation types. The final BITH map consists of 51 map classes. Land cover classes include five types: pasture / hay ground agricultural vegetation; non ? vegetated / barren land, borrow pit, cut bank; developed, open space; developed, low ? high intensity; and water. The 46 vegetation classes represent 102 associations or park specials. Of these, 75 represent natural vegetation associations within the USNVC, and 27 types represent unpublished park specials. Of the 46 vegetation map classes, 26 represent a single USNVC association/park special, 7 map classes contain two USNVC associations/park specials, 4 map classes contain three USNVC associations/park specials, and 9 map classes contain four or more USNVC associations/park specials. Forest and woodland types had an abundance of Pinus taeda, Liquidambar styraciflua, Ilex opaca, Ilex vomitoria, Quercus nigra, and Vitis rotundifolia. Shrubland types were dominated by Pinus taeda, Ilex vomitoria, Triadica sebifera, Liquidambar styraciflua, and/or Callicarpa americana. Herbaceous types had an abundance of Zizaniopsis miliacea, Juncus effusus, Panicum virgatum, and/or Saccharum giganteum. The final BITH vegetation map consists of 7,271 polygons totaling 45,771.8 ha (113,104.6 ac). Mean polygon size is 6.3 ha (15.6 ac). Of the total area, 43,314.4 ha (107,032.2 ac) or 94.6% represent natural or ruderal vegetation. Developed areas such as roads, parking lots, and campgrounds comprise 421.9 ha (1,042.5 ac) or 0.9% of the total. Open water accounts for approximately 2,034.9 ha (5,028.3 ac) or 4.4% of the total mapped area. Within the natural or ruderal vegetation types, forest and woodland types were the most extensive at 43,022.19 ha (106,310.1 ac) or 94.0%, followed by herbaceous vegetation types at 129.7 ha (320.5 ac) or 0.3%, sparse vegetation types at 119.2 ha (294.5 ac) or 0.3%, and shrubland types at 43.4 ha (107.2 ac) or 0.1%. A total of 784 AA samples were collected to evaluate the map?s thematic accuracy. When each AA sample was evaluated for a variety of potential errors, a number of the disagreements were overturned. It was determined that 182 plot records disagreed due to either an erroneous field call or a change in the vegetation since the imagery date, and 79 disagreed due to a true map classification error. Those records identified as incorrect due to an erroneous field call or changes in vegetation were considered correct for the purpose of the AA. As a simple plot count proportion, the reconciled overall accuracy was 89.9% (705/784). The spatially-weighted overall accuracy was 92.1% with a Kappa statistic of 89.6%. This method provides more weight to larger map classes in the park. Five map classes had accuracies below 80%. After discussing preliminary results with the parl, we retained those map classes because the community was rare, the map classes provided desired detail for management or the accuracy was reasonably close to the 80% target. When the 90% AA confidence intervals were included, an additional eight classes had thematic accruacies that extend below 80%. In addition to the vegetation polygon database and map, several products to support park resource management include the vegetation classification, field key to the associations, local association descriptions, photographic database, project geodatabase, ArcGIS .mxd files for map posters, and aerial imagery acquired for the project. The project geodatabase links the spatial vegetation data layer to vegetation classification, plot photos, project boundary extent, AA points, and PLOTS database sampling data. The geodatabase includes USNVC hierarchy tables allowing for spatial queries of data associated with a vegetation polygon or sample point. All geospatial products are projected using North American Datum 1983 (NAD83) in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 15 N. The final report includes methods and results, contingency tables showing AA results, field forms, species list, and a guide to imagery interpretation. These products provide useful information to assist with management of park resources and inform future management decisions. Use of standard national vegetation classification and mapping protocols facilitates effective resource stewardship by ensuring the compatibility and widespread use throughout NPS as well as other federal and state agencies. Products support a wide variety of resource assessments, park management and planning needs. Associated information provides a structure for framing and answering critical scientific questions about vegetation communities and their relationship to environmental processes across the landscape.
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Olander, Justin, and Melissa Flagg. AI Hubs in the United States. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20200006.

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With the increasing importance of artificial intelligence and the competition for AI talent, it is essential to understand the U.S. domestic industrial AI landscape. A new CSET data brief maps where AI talent is produced, where it concentrates, and where AI equity funding goes. This mapping reveals distinct AI hubs emerging across the country, with different growth rates, investment levels, and potential access to talent.
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Elliott, D., and M. Schwartz. Development and Validation of High-Resolution State Wind Resource Maps for the United States. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15016564.

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Matthews, Stephen N., Louis Iverson, Matthew Peters, and Anantha Prasad. Assessing potential climate change pressures across the conterminous United States. United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, March 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6941248.ch.

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The maps and tables presented here represent potential variability of projected climate change across the conterminous United States during three 30-year periods in this century and emphasizes the importance of evaluating multiple signals of change across large spatial domains. Maps of growing degree days, plant hardiness zones, heat zones, and cumulative drought severity depict the potential for markedly shifting conditions and highlight regions where changes may be multifaceted across these metrics. In addition to the maps, the potential change in these climate variables are summarized in tables according to the seven regions of the fourth National Climate Assessment to provide additional regional context. Viewing these data collectively further emphasizes the potential for novel climatic space under future projections of climate change and signals the wide disparity in these conditions based on relatively near-term human decisions of curtailing (or not) greenhouse gas emissions.
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Saltus, Christina, and Eric Britzke. Literature review : macrohabitat metrics to identify presence of chiroptera on the landscape in the United States. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45523.

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This special report reviews current scientific literature to identify the most commonly cited metrics used to describe the macrohabitat criteria important for Chiroptera presence in the United States. The review evaluates 69 scientific articles from 1994 to 2018. The most commonly cited metrics were divided into four main categories: tree-species-level metrics, landscape-level metrics, distance metrics, and topographic and atmospheric metrics. Of all metrics found, the top six most common metrics noted across all articles were percent canopy cover, diameter at breast height (DBH), forest type, distance to water, distance to roads or other urban features, and tree density. In addition, 27 of the 47 (57%) bat species located within the United States were represented. These metrics provide important insight into the regional or national species-level distribution and assist with modeling the relationship between species distribution and habitat change.
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Tollen, Laura, and Elizabeth Keating. A road map for action: recommendations of the Health Affairs Council on Health Care Spending and Value. Project HOPE--The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc., February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/har20230111.716232.

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The Health Affairs Council on Health Care Spending and Value was charged with recommending ways that the United States can take a deliberate approach to moderating health care spending growth while maximizing value. The council is a nonpartisan, multidisciplinary, expert working group under the leadership of cochairs William Frist and Margaret Hamburg. This, the council’s final report, accomplishes two goals: through its supporting research, it synthesizes literature about how much the US spends on health care, the value of that spending, and the likely impact of various interventions; and it provides recommendations to public and private stakeholders on how to achieve higher-value health care spending and growth in the US.
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Bishop, Gary. Uncertainty analysis of runoff estimates from runoff-depth contour maps produced by five automated procedures for the northeastern United States. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6197.

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