Relevant bibliographies by topics / Roads – Snow and ice control – Ontario

Academic literature on the topic 'Roads – Snow and ice control – Ontario'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Roads – Snow and ice control – Ontario"

1

Nakatsuji, Takashi, Takashi Fujiwara, Toru Hagawara, and Yuki Onodera. "Snow and Ice Control System Based on Slipperiness Data Transmitted by Drivers: Usefulness of Subjective Slipperiness Data." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1533, no. 1 (January 1996): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153300107.

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In Japan, the regulation of studded tires requires the establishment of new countermeasures for effective ice control on slippery roads in winter. The most important information for snow and ice control systems is determining the slipperiness of road surfaces. To detect the slipperiness simply and precisely, a monitoring system was examined in which drivers judged the slipperiness. To evaluate the suitability of such slipperiness data, three investigations were carried out: (a) the relationship between the road condition classification and the slipperiness index, (b) the effectiveness of the subdivision of road classification, and (c) the comparison of slipperiness indexes with the actual friction coefficients. To address the first problem, the road conditions were investigated for 1 month with the cooperation of 10 taxi companies. It was found that the subjective slipperiness index was more sensitive to changes in weather conditions than the road classifications, and that icy roads do not always correspond to slippery roads. That is, there was a limitation on expressing road conditions by road classification. For the second problem, a similar investigation was performed by subdividing the road conditions into more classes. It was concluded that the subdivision of road classification is not so effective in precisely representing the slipperiness of roads. For the third problem, it was clarified that the subjective slipperiness indexes more or less agree with the actual friction coefficients. As for the results, the slipperiness index showed potential for use in snow and ice control systems.
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2

Baeva, Yulia, Natalia Chernykh, Sofia Shmerko, and Varvara Stepnova. "Risk assessment of ice-melter reagents for urban plants." E3S Web of Conferences 169 (2020): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016901009.

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The paper assessed the phytotoxicity of the most frequently used ice-melter reagents in Moscow (sand and salt mixture, anti-freeze reagent based on a composition of calcium and sodium chloride, technical salt), snow with varying degrees of contamination of the remnants of ice-melter reagents, as well as soil after the snow cover melting. The toxicity assessment was carried out in the samples taken on the lawns along the roads in nine administrative districts of the city in places with the same anthropogenic load. The test object is oat seeds (Avena sativa), as a sensitive biotest showing the most stable and reproducible data compared to seeds from other crops. Salt solutions of reagents with dilution rates of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10, melted snow and soil extracts were used for biotesting. The phytotoxic effect was determined by comparing the average root length of control and prototype seeds. It was found that all studied ice-melter reagents have a pronounced toxic effect on oat plants even at tenfold dilution. The phytotoxic effect of snow and soil polluted with ice-melter substances, which in turn inherits the chemical composition of snow cover after its melting, was shown.
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TAKEICHI, Kiyoshi, Masaru MIYAHARA, and Takashi KAWABATA. "STUDY ON THE EVALUATION OF SNOW AND ICE CONTROL OF ROADS BY USING WINTER INDEX." JOURNAL OF PAVEMENT ENGINEERING, JSCE 3 (1998): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/journalpe.3.23.

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4

Decker, Rand, Robert Rice, Steve Putnam, and Stanford Singer. "Rural Intelligent Transportation System Natural-Hazard Management on Low-Volume Roads." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1819, no. 1 (January 2003): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1819a-37.

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The growth of winter travel on alpine roads in the western United States has increased the risk to motorists and highway maintenance personnel owing to a variety of natural hazards. Hazards include snow and ice, avalanching snow, and blowing and drifting snow. The conditions call for attendant need for incident response. A substantial number of affected routes are low-volume rural winter roads. Configurations have been developed for rural intelligent transportation system (ITS) technology that can detect hazards and provide, autonomously and in real time, warnings to and traffic control actions for motorists, highway maintainers, and incident responders for roadway natural hazards. These warnings include on-site traffic control signing and road closure gates, in-vehicle audio alarms for agency maintenance and patrol vehicles, and notification to highway agency maintenance facilities or centralized multiagency dispatchers. These actions and notifications are initiated automatically from the remote rural sites and via manual intervention from off-site personnel, well removed from the rural roadway corridor itself. About 5 years of experience have been accumulated in using these rural ITS natural-hazard reduction systems, including snow avalanche detection and warning systems on Loveland Pass, Colorado; Hoback Canyon, Wyoming; and Banner Summit, Idaho. Automated road closure gates on the Teton Pass in Idaho and Wyoming now allow for remote road closure during heavy snow events. These cost-effective ITS natural-hazard systems are highly exportable for other processes that affect rural low-volume roadways, including landslide, flooding, high surf, high winds, loss of visibility, wildlife, and other natural hazards of this type.
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5

Mills, Brian, Jean Andrey, Sean Doherty, Brent Doberstein, and Jennifer Yessis. "Winter Storms and Fall-Related Injuries: Is It Safer to Walk than to Drive?" Weather, Climate, and Society 12, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 421–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-19-0099.1.

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AbstractEmergency department visitation data were analyzed using a matched-pair, retrospective cohort method to estimate the effects of winter storms on fall-related injury risks for a midsized urban community in Ontario, Canada. Using a unique definition and classification of winter storm events and dry-weather control periods, relative risks of injury were estimated for total falls and two subcategories (same-level falls involving ice and snow; all other falls) across two storm event types (snowfall only; mixed precipitation). Winter storms were associated with 38% and 102% increases in the mean incidence of same-level falls involving ice and snow during snow events and freezing-rain events, respectively. The incidence of other types of falls was slightly but significantly less during snow events relative to dry-weather control periods. Findings suggest that walking is not safer than driving during winter storms, as same-level falls involving ice and snow accounted for 64% more of the injury burden than motor vehicle collisions. Significant reductions in mean relative risk estimates for fall-related injuries were apparent over the 2009–17 study period indicating possible long-term shifts in exposure, sensitivity, and/or risk-mitigating decisions, actions, and behavior. Consistent and significant effects of government-issued weather warning communications on risk outcomes were not found. Practitioners engaged in developing injury prevention strategies and related public risk messaging, in particular winter weather warnings and advisories, should place additional emphasis on falls and multimodal injury risks in communications related to winter storm hazards.
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6

Kallberg, Veli-Pekka. "Experiment with Reduced Salting of Rural Main Roads in Finland." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1533, no. 1 (January 1996): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153300105.

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An experiment was conducted in the road district of Kuopio in the winters of 1992–1993 and 1993–1994 in which the use of salt in winter maintenance on rural main roads was reduced to 1 to 2 T/road kilometer from the approximately 10 T of salt that typically had been used per road kilometer in similar conditions in recent years. On the experimental roads, salting was replaced by sanding. The cost of winter maintenance on the experimental roads increased by 20 percent on average, and the increase was higher on roads with higher traffic volumes. Slippery conditions due to ice and snow on the road surface were twice as frequent (30 to 40 percent of the time) on the experimental roads as on the control roads in the neighboring road district. There were 27 injury accidents on the experimental roads in the first winter and 25 in the second. This was about the same as the average of the five previous winters. Because the accident trend on other roads in the same time was decreasing, it was concluded that the experiment increased the number of injury accidents by approximately 20 percent on most experimental road sections. Reduced salting decreased the sodium and chloride concentrations in the needles of roadside pine trees. There were also indications of decreased sodium and chloride concentrations in groundwater. Three quarters of the population in the area was pleased with the experiment.
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7

Желукевич, Р. Б., В. В. Минин, Ю. Ф. Кайзер, А. В. Лысянников, В. Г. Шрам, В. Е. Желукевич, Д. П. Паршин, А. В. Егоров, В. Л. Тюканов, and Ю. А. Савостьянова. "DEVICES FOR DETERMINING THE STRENGTH OF SNOW AND ICE FORMATIONS." Южно-Сибирский научный вестник, no. 6(40) (December 20, 2021): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.25699/sssb.2021.40.6.007.

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В статье представлен анализ существующих средств определения прочности снежно-ледовых образований, выявлены их недостатки, преимущества и отличительные способности. Целью данной работы является разработка компактных средств измерения прочности компонентов дорожных покрытий и обеспечения контроля качества уплотнения полотна сооружаемых зимних дорог по глубине покрытия. Предложено техническое решение, которое позволяет достичь более высокого технического результата по сравнению с известными аналогами, который заключается в повышении точности измерений, упрощении фиксации шарового элемента в корпусе, обеспечении фиксации подвижных элементов при транспортировке и расширении функциональных возможностей за счет определения прочности на поверхности и по глубине снежного покрова с наконечниками разного профиля, а также позволяет снизить стоимость изготовления и трудоемкость работ при измерениях. Предложенный прибор (твердомер) позволяет расширить область применения, как для свежевыпавшего снега, так и для лежалого, за счёт применения разных нижних поверхностей профиля наконечников в виде конуса, цилиндра или шара. Шаровая поверхность увеличивает площадь соприкосновения нижней поверхности его со снежными образованиями для свежевыпавшего снега. Прибор спроектирован, изготовлен и позволяет определять прочностные свойства снежно-ледовых образований при выполнении научно-исследовательских работ. The article presents an analysis of the existing means for determining the strength of snow-ice formations, reveals their disadvantages, advantages and distinctive abilities. The purpose of this work is to develop compact means for measuring the strength of road pavement components and ensuring quality control of the compaction of the roadbed of winter roads under construction by the depth of the pavement. A technical solution is proposed that allows achieving a higher technical result in comparison with known analogues, which consists in increasing the measurement accuracy, simplifying the fixing of the ball element in the housing, ensuring the fixation of the moving elements during transportation and expanding the functionality by determining the strength on the surface and in depth snow cover with tips of different profiles, and also allows you to reduce the manufacturing cost and laboriousness of work during measurements. The proposed device (hardness tester) allows you to expand the field of application, both for freshly fallen snow, and for old, due to the use of different lower surfaces of the profile of the tips in the form of a cone, cylinder or ball. The spherical surface increases the contact area of ​​its lower surface with snow formations for freshly fallen snow. The device has been designed, manufactured and allows to determine the strength properties of snow-ice formations during scientific research.
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8

Gouda, Maged, and Karim El-Basyouny. "Before-and-After Empirical Bayes Evaluation of Achieving Bare Pavement using Anti-Icing on Urban Roads." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 2 (February 2020): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120902995.

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Canadian municipalities are increasingly choosing to achieve bare pavement (BP) for snow and ice control during fall/winter seasons. When a snowstorm event is forecasted, one strategy is to apply anti-icing chemicals to the pavement surface to prevent the snow and ice from forming a bond with the road surface. Such an approach facilitates a more efficient plowing operation and reduces the amount of deicing chemicals needed to achieve BP. This study assesses the safety performance of achieving BP using anti-icing compared with the traditional reactive winter road maintenance (WRM) approach on urban roads using the before-and-after Empirical Bayes technique. Results suggest that achieving BP significantly reduces all collision types and severities on midblocks with a reduction value in the range of 13.7% to 19.7%. Attaining BP at intersections was found to be very effective in reducing injury collisions with an estimated reduction of 12.5%. When sites were grouped based on a WRM priority-basis, it was found that anti-icing was effective for reducing the majority of collision types and severities at the different priority levels with reductions ranging from 8.7% to 49.83% on midblocks and between 5.37% and 13% at intersections. All reductions were statistically significant. The monetary benefits of the reductions in property-damage only and nonfatal injury collisions were estimated at 60 million Canadian dollars using a 1.92% interest rate and a 2-year service life. These findings provide unequivocal evidence that achieving BP using anti-icing can lead to significant societal safety benefits that economically translate to huge collision cost savings.
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9

Zhongyang Wang, Di Tan, Guangcheng Ge, and Shuaishuai Liu. "Optimal Trajectory Planning and Control for Automatic Lane Change of in Wheel Motor Driving Vehicles on Snow and Ice Roads." Automatic Control and Computer Sciences 54, no. 5 (September 2020): 432–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0146411620050090.

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10

Gerasimov, Alexander, Marina Chugunova, and Yulia Polyak. "Changes in Salinity and Toxicity of Soil Contaminated with De-icing Agents during Growing Season." Environmental Research, Engineering and Management 77, no. 2 (July 2, 2021): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.77.2.23633.

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De-icing agents (ice and snow control materials) are applied to prevent ice and snow deposits on the roads in winter period. The extensive use of de-icing agents in countries with cold climate creates problems for the environment. In this study, the dynamics of de-icing salt concentrations in sod-podzolic soil was revealed in laboratory and field experiments. Twelve de-icing agents of different chemical groups (chlorides, acetates and formates) were studied. Under laboratory conditions, application of high doses of chloride reagents led to an increase of salt concentration in soil up to a level of slightly saline soils. Contaminated soils had salt levels high enough to be toxic to plants and soil microorganisms. However, under field conditions, soil salinity eventually decreased due to salt washout by atmospheric precipitation. By the end of the growing season, salt concentration corresponded to a background level. The decrease in salt concentration was accompanied by a decrease in soil toxicity. Acetate and formate de-icing agents demonstrated the least environmental effect. Our results suggest that magnesium chloride was the least harmful among the de-icers of chloride group while the most commonly used road de-icing salt sodium chloride was the most persistent and toxic to terrestrial plants and soil microbiota.
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Books on the topic "Roads – Snow and ice control – Ontario"

1

Perchanok, M. S. Highway de-icers: Standards, practice, and research in the province of Ontario. Downsview, Ont: Research and Development Branch, Ontario Ministry of Transportation, 1991.

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2

Kuemmel, David E. Managing roadway snow and ice control operations. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1994.

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Maze, T. H. Performance measures for snow and ice control operations. [Ames, Iowa: Center for Transportation Research and Education, Iowa State University, 2007.

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Maze, T. H. Performance measures for snow and ice control operations. [Ames, Iowa: Center for Transportation Research and Education, Iowa State University, 2007.

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Nixon, Wilfrid A. Living snow fences. Iowa City, Iowa: IIHR Hydroscience and Engineering, University of Iowa, 2006.

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Morales, Leslie Anderson. Snow removal and control: A bibliography. Monticello, Ill: Vance Bibliographies, 1990.

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Minsk, L. D. Snow and ice control manual for transportation facilities. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1998.

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Tabler, Ronald D. Design guidelines for the control of blowing and drifting snow. Washington, D.C: Strategic Highway Research Program, National Research Council, 1994.

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9

Schweiger, Axel J. A bibliography of snow and ice hazards on highways. Boulder, Colo: National Snow and Ice Data Center, 1987.

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10

New York (State). Legislature. Legislative Commission on Expenditure Review. Use of salt for snow removal: Program audit. Albany, N.Y. (111 Washington Ave., Albany 12210-2277): The Commission, 1991.

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Conference papers on the topic "Roads – Snow and ice control – Ontario"

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Malakooti, Amir, S. M. Sajed Sadati, Halil Ceylan, and Sunghwan Kim. "System Design Improvements of Heated Pavements: Recommendations for Future Projects." In 12th International Conference on Concrete Pavements. International Society for Concrete Pavements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33593/graq16tb.

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Many agencies allocate a great deal of resources to clearing infrastructure systems (e.g., roads, bridges, and airports) from ice and snow during winter seasons using traditional snow-removal equipment and application of salt or de-icing chemicals. Using an electrically-conductive concrete (ECON) heated pavement system (HPS) is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach to melting ice and snow. ECON is a carbon-fiber-reinforced form of concrete that uses carbon fiber (conductive agent) with low median electrical resistivity to conduct electrical current through the concrete ECON layer through embedded stainless-steel electrodes. The inherent electrical resistance in the concrete generates heat used in the ECON HPS to melt ice and snow on the surface. ECON HPS construction is different from regular concrete construction in using two-lift paving, two different concrete mixes, and embedded stainless-steel electrodes with electrical connections to a power supply. An ECON HPS demonstration project has recently been constructed at the south parking lot of the Iowa Department of Transportation in Ames, Iowa. This project consists of 10 instrumented slabs, and this paper is focused on the ideas for improvement and lessons learned emerged from the full-scale demonstration project with respect to the construction methods the ECON mix design, control system design, electrode, cross slope design, and instrumentation of the concrete pavement system. These improvements in the construction of this unique concrete pavement system are expected to increase future paving quality, ECON HPS performance, and significantly decrease construction time and cost of such systems.
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