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Journal articles on the topic 'Roads Maintenance and repair Safety measures'
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1
Bondar, Tetiana, Olga Belenchuk, Yevhen Tepliuk, and Oleksandr Pyna. "ACCIDENT ANALYSIS – THE WAY TO EFFECTIVE TRAFFIC SAFETY MANAGEMENT ON ROADS." Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny, no. 2 (266) ’ 2021 (June 20, 2021): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33868/0365-8392-2021-2-266-46-52.
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Road safety management begins with a detailed analysis of accidents, which is reflected in Article 24 of the Law of Ukraine “On Road Traffic” which states that when performing repairs and maintenance of roads, streets and railway crossings road maintenance organizations in the first place should take measures for road safety on the basis of accounting and analysis of road accidents, results of inspections and surveys of roads, streets and railway crossings, and especially in emergency and dangerous areas and in places of concentration of road accidents. The problem of reducing the accident rate and reducing the number of victims of road accidents during the maintenance of roads has so far been solved mainly by identifying areas (places) of concentration of accidents with the development of measures to improve road conditions and improve the organization of traffic on them and conducting annual commission spring and autumn inspections of the road network by representatives of road organizations and the police. However, the areas of concentration of road accidents were not fully covered on the road network of local significance due to the lack of accurate reference of the places of accident in the accident registration cards, as well as they were not identified on the streets and roads of cities and other settlements due to the absence of any criteria for their identification and therefore the maximum efficiency from introduction of management of sites (places) of concentration of road accident isn’t reached. The article analyzes the criteria for determining the areas of concentration of accidents on public roads in different periods, examines the dynamics of the number of areas of concentration of accidents and considers other modern opportunities for effective traffic safety management, in particular, inspection (inspection) of existing roads.
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Brycht, Natalia. "Assessment of the quality of the repair process of local roads in the rural areas of the Częstochowa and Kłobuck poviats in the context of road safety." Production Engineering Archives 27, no. 4 (November 20, 2021): 232–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30657/pea.2021.27.31.
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Abstract In recent years, numerous measures to modernize local roads in rural areas have been undertaken. Unfortunately, during renovations, especially at the poviat and commune level, errors are often made as a consequence of irregularities arising at the design stage. The article presents an assessment of the quality of local road renovations carried out in the last fifteen years, in the context of maintaining operational parameters over time, using a visual method based on the term “risk”. The research was carried out for twenty-six sections of roads that were renovated or rebuilt in the Kłobuck and Częstochowa poviats. The categories of the most common errors were identified and actions were proposed to correct them and prevent new ones. Among the negative trends, the improper placement of road technical devices and the lack of appropriate marking of integral areas were distinguished. It was found that a positive aspect in the aspect of traffic safety, recently, is the widespread use of modern road marking systems and road signs, as well as greater care for proper maintenance of drainage devices. The use of modern solutions during the modernization of roads, despite co-financing from the Government Fund, is still limited by the financial deficit of local governments.
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Bhagat, Sadan Kumar. "Situation of Land Transportation in Nepal." Tribhuvan University Journal 31, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2017): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v31i1-2.25355.
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There is a close relation between increment of transportation (roads and vehicles) and socio-economic development of the nation however, present condition of Nepal is discouraging. The study deals with present situation of land transportation, its problems with suggestions. An attempt has been made to point out causes and nature of road accidents, problems faced by general people and businessmen during travel and transportation of cargo. This study reveals that out of 29157 kilometers available road network only 12305 kilometers (42.20 %) road was black topped and the condition of road was miserable because there was no proper and regular repair and maintenance. Graveled roads were in very poor condition and in most of the roads and bridges were not constructed. Earthen roads were not suitable for travelling in rainy season. The buses run on long routes were found violating norm of keeping double drivers, the speed of vehicle remained higher than limit. They unnecessarily used loud or pressurize horn which had created noise pollution. The vehicles moved on graveled and earthen roads had been operating in poor condition. Vehicles were very old and damaged and only a few vehicles moved on certain routes. Vehicle accident incidences had frequently occurred in hilly areas where vehicles plunged down from the road and number of fatalities and injuries were found in double digit. The major reasons of accidents were high speed of vehicles, steering or brake failure, untrained and intoxicated drivers, driving by cleaner/conductor, continuous long duty hours of drivers, poor condition of vehicle, muddy and slippery roads, haphazard overtaking practice on single lane roads, lack of concentration of drivers on driving , non-observance of safety measures, traffic rules and signs, drove vehicle without wearing seat belt/helmet, kept more passengers than allowed/available seats, hung passengers on gate, backside and roof, loaded cargo beyond the limited weight and height respectively.
4
Todea, Paul, and Daniel Lazăr. "Ways to Determine the Technical Status of the Vehicles’ Braking System by Means of General Diagnosis." Scientific Bulletin 22, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bsaft-2017-0008.
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Abstract Vehicles’ breaking system is one of the basic elements that lead to the maintenance of technical and road safety during transport activities on public roads or other special conditions. Therefore, particular attention is paid to all maintenance work planned or occasionally carried out on such system, as a high coefficient of vehicles availability results in an increased percentage of their productivity. Of course, there is diagnosis equipment for each element, and the brake booths within MOT centres accurately indicate the values of the measured parameters, following repair, adjustment and control operations for troubleshooting. Still, there are certain cases requesting the check of breaking system either analytically or by field experiments, i.e. when vehicles are driven on rough and rugged ground, during military specific missions and activities, where their performance no longer allows specialized equipment or when such equipment does not exist. This works presents alternatives to determine the technical condition of the braking system by means of typical solutions for the general diagnosis type.
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Kharytonova, Nataliia, Olha Mykolaienko, and Tetyana Lozova. "ANALYSIS OF REGULATIONS REGARDING THE SETTLEMENT OF ISSUES ON THE REMOVAL AND RECOVERY OF PLANTATIONS IN THE RIGHT-OF-WAY OF PUBLIC ROADS." Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny, no. 1 (261)’2020 (March 20, 2020): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33868/0365-8392-2020-1-261-55-60.
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Greening of roads contributes to the protection of roads and their elements from influence of adverse weather and climatic factors; it includes the measures for improvement and landscaping of roads, ensures the protection of roadside areas from transport pollution, provides visual orientation of drivers. The solution of these issues will ensure creation and maintenance of safe and comfortable conditions for travelers. Green plantings in the right-of-way road area include woody, bushy, flower and grass vegetation of natural and artificial origin. For proper operation of public roads and satisfaction of other needs of the industry, there may be the need in removing the greenery. The reason for the removal of greenery in the right-of-way road area may be due to the following factors: construction of the architectural object, widening of the motor road, repair works in the security zone of overhead power lines, water supply, drainage, heating, telecommunications facilities, cutting of hazardous, dry and fautal trees, as well as self-grown and brushwood trees with a root neck diameter not exceeding 5 cm, elimination of the consequences of natural disasters and emergencies. The removal of plantations in the right-of-way area is executed in order to ensure traffic safety conditions and to improve the quality of plantations composition and their protective properties. Nowadays, in Ukraine there is no clear procedure for issuing permits for removing of such plantations. In order to resolve this issue, there is a need in determining the list of regulations in the area of forest resources of Ukraine and, if needed, the list of regulatory acts that have to be improved; to prepare a draft of the regulatory legal act that would establish the procedure of plantations cutting, the methodology of their condition determination, recovery costs determination, the features of cutting. Keywords: plantations, cutting, right-of-way, woodcutting permit, order.
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Dmytrychenko, Nikolay, and Anna Kharchenko. "Development of method for road network management program optimization." Technology audit and production reserves 4, no. 2(60) (July 31, 2021): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.237949.
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The object of research is the processes of road network management. The main hypothesis of the study is the application of optimization methods to the road asset management program, which allows to implement a road maintenance strategy, which includes a set of measures involved in ensuring and maintaining roads at the appropriate operational level. In general, the sequence of asset management begins with the definition of objectives, policy of road administrations and the available budget. According to this starting point, data collection, performance monitoring, analysis of options and optimization programs, selection and implementation of a set of projects are performed. The goals and objectives of road project management depending on the category are considered. The model of strategic planning of the program on management of a network of highways is offered and the modern architecture of model is constructed. The main approaches to the optimization of the road asset management program are identified. The target function for the optimization model is proposed, which is to minimize the cost of maintenance of the road network and defines the goals to be achieved in the optimization process. The optimization model is a mathematical description designed to compare alternative strategies and identify the relative benefits of each strategy according to the assigned decision criteria, such as safety, cost, environment and others. The main idea and goal of road network management projects is to improve maintenance practices and policies and thus improve the condition of the network, or maintain it at the current level, taking into account resource constraints. The results of program optimization have practical value and can be used to manage road repair and operation projects depending on: – defined project goals and plans, including scheduling, budgeting, planning, established efficiency requirements and selection of project participants; – maximizing the efficient use of resources; – implementation of functions of coordination and control, planning, design, evaluation, conclusion of contracts and implementation of projects under contracts.
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Karpushko, Marina O., Igor L. Bartolomei, and Elena N. Karpushko. "Determination of Technical Condition of a Bridge Structure Based on Survey Results." Materials Science Forum 931 (September 2018): 643–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.931.643.
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Nowadays, the age of most transport facilities in Russian Federation is estimated in many decades. Consequently, there is an urgent need for periodic surveys and monitoring of the state of each structure, its individual structural elements. The main purpose of these measures is to maintain the high performance indicators of the transport structure, the achievement of which is impossible without examination, analysis and evaluation of parts of the structure that are in the aquatic environment and, as a consequence, the occurrence and development of various types and degrees of defects and damages. The most important conditions for ensuring uninterrupted and safe traffic along the bridges of vehicles and pedestrians are: the normative load-carrying capacity of the structure; required clearance of the roadway and sidewalks; compliance with traffic safety requirements for bridges; observance of characteristics and maintenance of the bridge capacity for the period of ice drift and high water; timely performance of work on the care, maintenance and repair of the elements of the bridge. Technically sound structures and their reliability can be ensured if all the parameters of the road category structure and the requirements of regulatory documents are met. The work presents the survey materials of the bridge. Classification of defects by group and class of danger. The results of determining the carrying capacity on the basis of the survey are given.
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Bondarenko, E. V., D. A. Dryuchin, and S. V. Bulatov. "EVALUATION OF THE FEASIBILITY OF ORGANIZING INCOMING QUALITY CONTROL OF SPARE PARTS IN A MOTOR TRANSPORT ENTERPRISE." Intelligence. Innovations. Investment, no. 2 (2021): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2021-2-71.
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The efficiency of vehicle operation largely depends on the quality of the spare parts used in the maintenance and repair of vehicles. The significance of the factor under consideration is determined by the complex influence on the economic indicators of vehicle operation and on traffic safety indicators. One of the measures aimed at improving the efficiency of operation is the organization of input quality control of spare parts. The costs of conducting and technological complexity of the input control vary significantly for different controlled objects, the effect of its implementation is ambiguous, which determines the relevance of the task of evaluating the effectiveness and expediency of its organization. Based on the urgency of the problem, the aim of the study is to improve the efficiency of the operation of motor vehicles by determining the optimal parameters of the input quality control system for spare parts. The hypothesis is put forward that the introduction of quality control of spare parts in the production cycle of motor transport and service enterprises will increase the efficiency of vehicle operation. To achieve this goal, a mathematical model for evaluating the effectiveness of input quality control of spare parts has been developed. Based on the parameters of the developed model, the target function of the study is de-termined, and restrictions due to the operating conditions of vehicles are established. Based on the results of the analysis of the assessment of the significance of factors that determine the efficiency of transport activities, it is proposed to use the value of total costs, including the likely damage from missing a defective part, unit, or unit, as the main criterion for the effectiveness of input quality control of spare parts . On the basis of the created mathematical model, a methodology for evaluating the feasibility of organizing input quality control of spare parts used in the maintenance and repair of vehicles is developed To confirm the proposed hypothesis, the adequacy of the developed model was checked. One of the largest passenger motor transport enterprises of the city of Orenburg — CJSC «Avtokolonna 1825» was chosen as the base for the study. As a model unit, the gimbal transmission of buses of the KaVZ family is considered. It is established that the direct costs of organizing the input control of this node are compensated by the savings due to the increased reliability of vehicles. But, based on the fact that this reduces the likelihood of road accidents caused by the failure of the cardan transmission, conclusions are drawn about the feasibility of organizing input control.
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O. Adeyemi, Hezekiah, Oluwaseun O. Martins O. Martins, Olanike O. Ade-Ikuesan, O. Ade-Ikuesan, and Olawale O. Olaluwoye O. Olaluwoye. "Machinery Maintenance Viewpoint: One Approach to an Improved Rural Road Traffic Safety in Southwest Nigeria." International Journal of Engineering Technology and Sciences 5, no. 1 (June 4, 2018): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijets.v5i1.2825.
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Local Governments (LGs), the third tier of government in Nigeria, are expected to maintain infrastructure facilities at the grass root level but most rural communities in Southwest Nigeria are characterized by poorly maintained roads. This study assessed conditions of Moveable Rural Road Maintenance Equipment (MRRME) under LGs in Southwest Nigeria vis-a-vis the safety levels on the rural roads. The study measured, impacts of roads conditions on commercial drivers/riders (cdr) and, level of usage of MRRME for the roads. Questionnaires were used to measure: accident rates and impacts among 250 cdr on 9 selected rural roads; Maintenance Performance Measures (MPM) of MRRME among 430 Senior Technical Officers (STOs) and Senior Finance Offices (SFOs) in 84 LG secretariats. The conditions of MRRME were carried out using observational method. More than 72% of cdr were involved in one crash or another and 89% of them attributed this to bad roads. Less than 26% of MRRME was functional with weak plans/tools put in place for correct maintenance program leading to a high level of MRRMEs’ failures and total neglect. T-test t (428) = -5.146, p = 0.421) found that the opinions of STOs (poor ratings for MPM policy implementation) were not different from that of the SFO. There is the need for safety attitudinal change among cdr. LGs also need empowerment to ensure proper maintenance of MRRME and enhances their availability. These measures among other will reduce accidents death counts on Nigeria rural roads.
10
Braunfelds, Janis, Ugis Senkans, Peteris Skels, Rims Janeliukstis, Toms Salgals, Dmitrii Redka, Ilya Lyashuk, et al. "FBG-Based Sensing for Structural Health Monitoring of Road Infrastructure." Journal of Sensors 2021 (January 8, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8850368.
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Public road infrastructure is developed all around the world. To save resources, ensure public safety, and provide longer-lasting road infrastructure, structural health monitoring (SHM) applications for roads have to be researched and developed. Asphalt is one of the largest used surface materials for the road building industry. This material also provides relatively easy fiber optical sensor technology installment, which can be effectively used for SHM applications—road infrastructure monitoring as well as for resource optimization when road building or their repairs are planned. This article focuses on the research of the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) optical temperature and strain sensor applications in road SHM, which is part of the greater interdisciplinary research project started at the Riga Technical University in the year 2017. Experimental work described in this article was realized in one of the largest Latvian road sites where the FBG strain and temperature sensors were installed into asphalt pavement, and experiments were carried out in two main scenarios. Firstly, in a controlled environment with a calibrated falling weight deflectometer (FWD) to test the installed FBG sensors. Secondly, by evaluating the real-time traffic impact on the measured strain and temperature, where different types of vehicles passed the asphalt span in which the sensors were embedded. The findings in this research illustrate that by gathering and combining data from calibrated FWD measurements, measurements from embedded FBG optical sensors which were providing the essential information of how the pavement structure could sustain the load and information about the traffic intensity on the specific road section, and the structural life of the pavement can be evaluated and predicted. Thus, it enables the optimal pavement future design for necessary requirements and constraints as well as efficient use, maintenance, and timely repairs of the public roads, directly contributing to the overall safety of our transportation system.
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Braunfelds, Janis, Ugis Senkans, Peteris Skels, Rims Janeliukstis, Toms Salgals, Dmitrii Redka, Ilya Lyashuk, et al. "FBG-Based Sensing for Structural Health Monitoring of Road Infrastructure." Journal of Sensors 2021 (January 8, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8850368.
Full textAbstract:
Public road infrastructure is developed all around the world. To save resources, ensure public safety, and provide longer-lasting road infrastructure, structural health monitoring (SHM) applications for roads have to be researched and developed. Asphalt is one of the largest used surface materials for the road building industry. This material also provides relatively easy fiber optical sensor technology installment, which can be effectively used for SHM applications—road infrastructure monitoring as well as for resource optimization when road building or their repairs are planned. This article focuses on the research of the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) optical temperature and strain sensor applications in road SHM, which is part of the greater interdisciplinary research project started at the Riga Technical University in the year 2017. Experimental work described in this article was realized in one of the largest Latvian road sites where the FBG strain and temperature sensors were installed into asphalt pavement, and experiments were carried out in two main scenarios. Firstly, in a controlled environment with a calibrated falling weight deflectometer (FWD) to test the installed FBG sensors. Secondly, by evaluating the real-time traffic impact on the measured strain and temperature, where different types of vehicles passed the asphalt span in which the sensors were embedded. The findings in this research illustrate that by gathering and combining data from calibrated FWD measurements, measurements from embedded FBG optical sensors which were providing the essential information of how the pavement structure could sustain the load and information about the traffic intensity on the specific road section, and the structural life of the pavement can be evaluated and predicted. Thus, it enables the optimal pavement future design for necessary requirements and constraints as well as efficient use, maintenance, and timely repairs of the public roads, directly contributing to the overall safety of our transportation system.
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Małysa, Tomasz. "Work Safety During Usage, Repair and Maintenance of Machines – a Review of Work Safety in the Aspect of Accidents at Work." New Trends in Production Engineering 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ntpe-2019-0080.
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Abstract The usage, repair and maintenance of machines is one of the areas in which it still records a significant number of accident events. The occurrence of accidents at work generates social and economic costs for the enterprise. Therefore, employers should be take measures to improve safety at the workplace. The publication presents an accident analysis based on a comparison of the following measures: accident rates (i.e. number of accidents, event effects) and ratio analysis (frequency rate indicator and total accident rate indicator). Calculated indicators allowed to determine the accident rate during the usage, repair and maintenance of machines. The analysis covered a five-year period – i.e. 2013-2017. On the basis of the analyzes carried out, the proposal was presented of possible prevention solutions to reduce the number of accidents at work.
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Tom, Joe G., Charles A. Weiss, Philip G. Malone, and Andrew Virostek. "Durable Roadside Protective Structures for Low-Volume Roads." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1819, no. 1 (January 2003): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1819a-32.
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Data compilations on accidents nationwide show that 30% of all traffic fatalities and 16% of all injuries occur when a vehicle goes into a ditch or strikes a fixed obstacle on the roadside. Highway traffic barriers and crash cushions are not economical for use on low-volume roads, even though they could be helpful in reducing fatalities and injuries. Sand-filled barrels and metal barriers that undergo controlled deformation are relatively expensive and require significant investments in placement, inspection, maintenance, and repair. A crash cushion design based on scrap tires encased in foamed, fiber-reinforced concrete is being developed and can provide a versatile, low-maintenance safety barrier that is also resistant to vandalism. The composite scrap tire–and–concrete protective barrier uses a skeleton of scrap tires as an attachment point that can serve to lift, place, and anchor a mass of foamed, fiber-reinforced concrete in place on the roadside. The foamed, fiber-reinforced concrete crushes like wood under impact from tools or projectiles, so the modules are difficult to vandalize and can survive scrapes from graders or snow removal equipment. Module array can be developed on the basis of weight distribution in sand-filled barrel arrays. Potential uses for the barrier modules include protection of bridge piers, bridge railings, and obstacles on curves. The durability and economy of these units make them a practical option for use in improving safety on low-volume roads, especially in remote areas.
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Asmiatun, Siti. "Penerapan Metode K-Medoids Untuk Pengelompokkan Kondisi Jalan Di Kota Semarang." JATISI (Jurnal Teknik Informatika dan Sistem Informasi) 6, no. 2 (December 3, 2019): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35957/jatisi.v6i2.193.
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Road conditions in Indonesia specifically in the city of Semarang are more often damaged during the rainy season. If needed it will not be repaired users can increase fuel usage and vehicle maintenance until it passes through traffic safety. One of the solutions to these problems is to provide up-to-date information on the surface of the road so that the department can repair roads quickly. This study discusses the grouping of road data using the k-medoids method. Road condition data collection uses an accelerometer sensor that supports data according to mobile devices. From the data used, the number of 638 data was successfully grouped into 3 clusters which could indicate the level of frequency of roads that were good, lightly damaged and heavily damaged
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Golgota, Alma, and Diana Bardhi. "Aspects of Management and Road Maintenance in Albania." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 1, no. 2 (April 30, 2016): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v1i2.p266-279.
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Safety of road network is an essential part of economic and social development of any industrialized country. Decisions to maintain and improve the reliability, functionality and infrastructure structures can only be achieved through integrated planning and management life cycle routes. Always it has been a tendency to revise road maintenance strategies, but there is still a serious and reliable administration not only because of the shortage of funds, but also problems due to the reorganization of the system. Safety and performance of the road system depends on the continuous activity of road maintenance management. For it to be effective, it is necessary to intervene before depreciation has caused irreparable damages, or damages with a high economic cost of repairs. Investment in road infrastructure during 2006-2014 show that the life of these projects presents problems with maintenance and performance management life cycle in a wide range of component elements. Maintenance planning involves various problems that depend on the degree of degradation of the asphalt layers, the degree of deterioration of road structures (roads, tunnels, culverts, and economic planning of resources to repair them. The aim of this study is the first to provide a brief summary of the issues in the field of maintenance and management of the life cycle of investments in road infrastructure, proposing ways to reorganize the sector of management and maintenance of roads in the next and second testing and evaluation of the work and the nature of the standards are different types of road infrastructure projects, through a methodology consisting of a) development, b) collection of data, and c) analysis.
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K.H. Hon, Carol, Jimmie Hinze, and Albert P.C. Chan. "Safety climate and injury occurrence of repair, maintenance, minor alteration and addition works." Facilities 32, no. 5/6 (April 1, 2014): 188–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-09-2011-0066.
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Purpose – The repair, maintenance, minor alteration and addition (RMAA) sector has been expanding in many developed cities. Safety problems of the RMAA sector have attracted the attention of many governments. This study has the objectives of comparing the level of safety climate of workers, supervisors and managers in the RMAA sector; and explaining/predicting the impact of safety climate on injury occurrence of workers, supervisors and managers. Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire survey was administered to RMAA contracting companies in Hong Kong. Findings – When comparing the safety climate perception of workers, supervisors and managers in the RMAA sector, the supervisors group had the lowest mean safety climate score. Results showed that a positive workforce safety attitude and acceptance of safety rules and regulations reduced the workers' likelihood of having injuries. A reasonable production schedule led to a lower probability of supervisors being injured. Management commitment and effective safety management reduced the probability of managers being injured. Originality/value – This study revealed variations of safety climate at the different levels in the organizational hierarchy and their varying influence on safety performance of the RMAA sector. Safety of RMAA works could be improved by promulgating specific safety measures at the different hierarchy levels.
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Vrkljan, Joso, Miljenko Mustapić, and Antun Štimac. "Ekspertni pristup poboljšanju sigurnosti u zonama radova na cesti." Sigurnost 60, no. 3 (October 4, 2018): 247–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31306/s.60.3.2.
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SUMMARY: An ever-increasing volume of traffic on Croatian roads increases the volume of maintenance work. Road works negatively impact traffic mobility and road user safety, and also safety of the maintenance workers. Improving traffic mobility and safety is the key issue that all interested parties (planning and managing road works and those executing them) should address. Mitigation of negative effects is possible via certain expert system measures. Presented in the paper are the options provided by expert systems implemented in the road work zones as factors for improving road maintenance and safe traffic flow, as well as road workers safety. Introducing relevant data into the data base, an expert system is created providing the driver approaching a road work zone with a number of alternative routes. Also shown is a driving diagram for road work zones with special focus on slowing down speed upon entering the road work zone. The results show that the implementation of expert systems based on relevant data would significantly facilitate traffic management in road work zones and improve the safety of traffic and road workers, as well as the workers' efficacy.
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Bagińska, Ewa, and Mateusz Kosmol. "Premises for an optimal model of managing the burden of financial losses stemming from damage to road infrastructure." MATEC Web of Conferences 231 (2018): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823101001.
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The empirical analysis of the distribution of risk related to the repair or replacement of road safety devices in existing performance-based maintenance contracts and the analysis of claims adjustment procedures indicate a certain imbalance in risk distribution between the road administrator and the entrepreneurs who have concluded road maintenance contracts, in particular performance based contracts. Relevant legal rules allow for a different, fairer distribution of the risk of suffering repair costs in certain damage scenarios. Insurance policy with a wide coverage of both property and liability risks appears as an optimal way of managing risks of losses to road infrastructure. Both contracting parties have an interest in obtaining first party insurance in the discussed field, although in practice it can be economical only to the General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways (GDDKiA). The law provides parties who suffered loss with a direct action against a traffic liability insurer of the wrongdoer who caused the damage.
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Salcedo, Edwin, Mona Jaber, and Jesús Requena Carrión. "A Novel Road Maintenance Prioritisation System Based on Computer Vision and Crowdsourced Reporting." Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 11, no. 1 (February 14, 2022): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jsan11010015.
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The maintenance of critical infrastructure is a costly necessity that developing countries often struggle to deliver timely repairs. The transport system acts as the arteries of any economy in development, and the formation of potholes on roads can lead to injuries and the loss of lives. Recently, several countries have enabled pothole reporting platforms for their citizens, so that repair work data can be centralised and visible for everyone. Nevertheless, many of these platforms have been interrupted because of the rapid growth of requests made by users. Not only have these platforms failed to filter duplicate or fake reports, but they have also failed to classify their severity, albeit that this information would be key in prioritising repair work and improving the safety of roads. In this work, we aimed to develop a prioritisation system that combines deep learning models and traditional computer vision techniques to automate the analysis of road irregularities reported by citizens. The system consists of three main components. First, we propose a processing pipeline that segments road sections of repair requests with a UNet-based model that integrates a pretrained Resnet34 as the encoder. Second, we assessed the performance of two object detection architectures—EfficientDet and YOLOv5—in the task of road damage localisation and classification. Two public datasets, the Indian Driving Dataset (IDD) and the Road Damage Detection Dataset (RDD2020), were preprocessed and augmented to train and evaluate our segmentation and damage detection models. Third, we applied feature extraction and feature matching to find possible duplicated reports. The combination of these three approaches allowed us to cluster reports according to their location and severity using clustering techniques. The results showed that this approach is a promising direction for authorities to leverage limited road maintenance resources in an impactful and effective way.
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Liu, Yao Jun, Zhuo Li Guo, and Hua Pu Chen. "Transmission Line State Maintenance Expert System Development and Design." Advanced Materials Research 1006-1007 (August 2014): 1005–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1006-1007.1005.
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When the human to transmission line repair, many potential risks and fault will cannot be found in time, resulting in not by prior treatment measures to ensure the safety and reliability of the power supply. To realize the state overhaul transmission line, can reduce the blindness of maintenance, improve the transmission line operation stability and save a lot of manpower material resources. Transmission line state repair work there are many difficulties, so in the state overhaul transmission line, on the basis of elaborating the transmission line design condition maintenance expert system, in order to improve the transmission lines the state overhaul of work efficiency.
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Kamko, Y. A. "Key aspects of raising efficiency of management of equipment maintenance and repair in fuel and energy complex companies." Safety and Reliability of Power Industry 11, no. 2 (July 23, 2018): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24223/1999-5555-2018-11-2-103-108.
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Transition to a new industrial revolution (“Industry 4.0”) in power engineering has stimulated introduction of advanced efficient equipment through modernization of existing or construction of new power units. At this stage, production processes are now characterized by deep integration of information technologies. This does not only apply to the processes of financial and economic acivities, but also the processes of providing up-to-date information on the current state of equipment, various supporting systems (security, fi re safety, movement control, work progress control, etc.) for making decisions in real time, as well as predictive analytics.Raising the efficiency of management of equipment maintenance and repair is a top priority issue. The proper setup of this process does not only determine the quality and operability of equipment, but also the accuracy of evaluation of expenditure, which eventually affects the company’s financial standing. Therefore, the author is set to analyze the causes preventing efficient implementation of the process of equipment maintenance and repair at fuel and energy complex companies and suggests measures for their possible adjustment.Key aspects are formed, which enable the organizations involved to get closer to more accurate formation of repair and maintenance operations.Measures are presented that enable to create and develop a proper working system for the management of maintenance and repair measures. In particular, logical blocks are specified for implementation of a data management system in maintenance and repair.
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Konovalova, Tatyana V., Sofiya L. Nadiryan, Alexander A. Izyumsky, and Sofiya V. Kotsurba. "ELEMENTS OF ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE AND THEIR IMPACT ON ROAD SAFETY." International Journal of Advanced Studies 12, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2227-930x-2022-12-2-49-68.
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In this article, the authors consider the issues of road infrastructure and their impact on road safety. The road network affects the risk of road accidents because it determines how road users perceive the environment. The basis for comparing a number of events in a traffic accident with categories of factors contributing to the accident.
Purpose – the measures and methods by which it is possible to achieve a safe level of roads are defined.
Methodology: the article used a full-scale experiment, statistical analysis, risk theory.
Results: the factors that increase road safety, provide a comfortable environment for drivers and pedestrians, and reduce the cost of repair and construction of highways are identified.
Practical implications: identification of the most effective and priority measures to improve highways in order to ensure safety and a comfortable environment. Research activities on the development of new approaches in the field of traffic management.
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Muradian, L. A., I. V. Pitsenko, and V. Y. Shaposhnyk. "Mathematical Model of Risks in Railway Transport During Diagnostics of Axle Boxes of Freight Cars." Science and Transport Progress. Bulletin of Dnipropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport, no. 1(91) (February 15, 2021): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2021/230223.
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Purpose. The research is aimed at developing a mathematical model for determining the risks in railway transport during the diagnostics of axle boxes of freight cars, which will provide an assessment of traffic safety in the case of freight transportations. Methodology. To develop a mathematical model for determining the risks in railway transport, a continuous static model of the dependence of the level of individual approach of service personnel on the level of common interests (crew, shift) was used. Three types of dependencies were considered: optimistic, neutral, pessimistic. Findings. A mathematical model has been developed that allows assessing the risks and the level of train traffic safety during the diagnosis of axle boxes of freight cars, as well as determining further measures to reduce risks. In the process of assessing the level of individual approaches and general interests of a particular railway subdivision during maintenance and repair of the axle box of freight cars the variants for the limit possibilities of this subdivision were considered. At the same time extreme values for equilibrium distribution, for a case of dominance of maintenance and for a case of dominance of repairs of freight car’s axle box were established. Originality. For the first time, a mathematical model of risks in railway transport was developed, which is formed during the maintenance and repair of freight cars. It allows determining the level of traffic safety during freight transportations and outlining further measures to reduce risks. The method of studying the efficiency of the system of maintenance and repair of the axle box has been further developed, which, in contrast to the existing one, establishes the dependence of the number of maintenance of axle boxes on the number of their repairs in operation and will increase traffic safety. Practical value. The application of the obtained mathematical models of risks in railway transport can reduce the risks during the diagnostics of axle boxes of freight cars in order to increase the local or general level of train traffic safety.
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Xu, Xiuchen, Hongchao Zhang, Xianpeng Zhao, Xiaobo Du, Desheng Lian, and Zhongmin Liu. "Development of a Runaway Vehicle Protective Barrier System Using Simulation and Full-Scale Crash Testing." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 1925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15031925.
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Effective road safety plays an important role in achieving sustainable development goals worldwide. A large number of accidents occur on roads every year, resulting in countless losses of people, vehicles, and roads; as such, the problem of loss of vehicle control has increasingly attracted the attention of scholars. Different vehicle protective measures, such as increasing the friction of tires or applying energy-absorbing materials, have been applied; however, their application is not yet fully effective. In this paper, a flexible protective barrier system is proposed for the protection of runaway vehicles, which can successfully stop the vehicle and ensure the safety of passengers. At the same time, the system can be recycled, which means that costs can be saved, to a certain extent. Accurate finite element simulation and real vehicle tests are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the protective system. The proposed flexible protection system is found to be effective in intercepting different types of runaway vehicles, while no major damage occurred to the vehicle itself, thus indirectly ensuring the safety of the occupants. The research lays a foundation for subsequent road safety protection and maintenance of sustainable development.
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Mei, Alessandro, Emiliano Zampetti, Paola Di Mascio, Giuliano Fontinovo, Paolo Papa, and Antonio D’Andrea. "ROADS—Rover for Bituminous Pavement Distress Survey: An Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) Prototype for Pavement Distress Evaluation." Sensors 22, no. 9 (April 29, 2022): 3414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093414.
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Maintenance has a major impact on the financial plan of road managers. To ameliorate road conditions and reduce safety constraints, distress evaluation methods should be efficient and should avoid being time consuming. That is why road cadastral catalogs should be updated periodically, and interventions should be provided for specific management plans. This paper focuses on the setting of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) for road pavement distress monitoring, and the Rover for bituminOus pAvement Distress Survey (ROADS) prototype is presented in this paper. ROADS has a multisensory platform fixed on it that is able to collect different parameters. Navigation and environment sensors support a two-image acquisition system which is composed of a high-resolution digital camera and a multispectral imaging sensor. The Pavement Condition Index (PCI) and the Image Distress Quantity (IDQ) are, respectively, calculated by field activities and image computation. The model used to calculate the IROADS index from PCI had an accuracy of 74.2%. Such results show that the retrieval of PCI from image-based approach is achievable and values can be categorized as “Good”/“Preventive Maintenance”, “Fair”/“Rehabilitation”, “Poor”/“Reconstruction”, which are ranges of the custom PCI ranting scale and represents a typical repair strategy.
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Kruk, Zygmunt. "Markov model of the operations & maintenance process of vehicles scheduled to be Operated." Journal of KONBiN 51, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jok-2021-0014.
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Abstract The article is dedicated to the modelling of operations & maintenance of vehicles scheduled to be operated. This specific feature is illustrative of the vehicle operation process in the military system. The presented model of the operation process of vehicles scheduled to be operated, using the Markov chain theory, contains indicators and measures essential for the vehicle operation, i.e. repair defectiveness, repair intensity, usage intensity and failure intensity. This model enables to quantify the impact of the introduced changes in operational practice or changes planned as a forecast, which is shown in the examples.
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Xu, Kun, Juan Juan Ren, Ling Zhi Zhang, and Yuan Xing Hao. "Analysis of Repair Material Performance for Continuously Prefabricated Slab." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 2580–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.2580.
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Abstract.Under external loads, the continuously prefabricated slab of double-block ballastless track may crack easily. The cracks will reduce the durability and carrying capacity of the roadbed slab. Moreover, the cracks may also affect the use and safety of the double-block ballastless track during its service. When the roadbed slab crack, we should take some maintenance measures to maintain the normal use and durability of the double-block ballastless track. This paper based on the finite element method, established a beam-brick model for double-block ballastless track which has a through crack on the roadbed slab to analysis what kind of patching material is the most suitable when the most unfavorable loads act on the track. For this reason, we can provide theoretical basis for maintenance of double-block ballastless track .
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Silva, Heberson Teixeira da, Luély Souza Guimarães, Dilceu Silveira Tolentino Júnior, Fernanda Andrade Dutra, Lucas Grateki Barbosa, Luan Siqueira Santos, Alexandre Sylvio Vieira da Costa, Stênio Cavalier Cabral, and Lucas Ferreira Freitas. "Study of pathologies on flexible floors in the city of Teófilo Otoni, Minas Gerais State, Brazil." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 7 (July 2, 2021): e59710716928. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i7.16928.
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It is a function of the highways to provide comfort, safety, and good rolling conditions to users. Therefore, the roads must be correctly designed showing adequate quality and durability for use. However, what is observed in Brazil is that most of the existing roads are not in good condition due to the number of pathologies found in them, bringing discomfort and insecurity to users. Bearing in mind that the flexible floor is the most used in the country, it is necessary to study the defects found during its useful life, which may be of structural or functional origin, to offer adequate maintenance and possibly better-rolling conditions to those who travel through it. Thus, the present study tackles pathological problems observed on a flexible pavement in the Municipality of Teófilo Otoni, Brazil, its possible causes, and some proposals for measures to be taken in the construction and maintenance processes to reduce the appearance of these pathologies. In addition, the identification and classification of pathologies and nonconformities found in the studied places were carried out. Thus, there was a need for maintenance so that its functionality is not affected, requiring the use of recovery techniques through resurfacing or a sealing layer, improving drainage and milling, which provides longer life and avoids inconvenience to users.
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Benny Hamdi Rhoma Putra and Doni Rinaldi Basri. "UPAYA PENINGKATAN KESELAMATAN PADA LOKASI RAWAN KECELAKAAN DI RUAS JALAN KOTA PEKANBARU." Jurnal Infrastruktur 3, no. 2 (July 29, 2019): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.35814/infrastruktur.v3i2.708.
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Traffic accidents are stochastic and occur due to a combination of several factors. Due to disadvantages by accidents, it is necessary to have a study to improve road safety. This research take the case on the roads in Pekanbaru City. Secondary data in the form of accident report obtained from Ditlantas Polda RIAU. While the primary data obtained directly from the survey location and questionnaire location accident-prone. The purpose of this research is to find blackspot area based on the result of the highest accident rate ranking, perform safety analysis, conflict analysis at blackspot location, and recommend accident countermeasures for that locations. Rating analysis was conducted using accident data for 3 years using accident frequency criteria, EPDO. Blackspot area are; Jl. Hangtuah KM 1-2, Jl. Hr.Subrantas KM 3-4, Jl. Sukarno Hatta KM 1-2. Based on the safety problems, some safety remedial measures are proposed for these loaction. The safety remedial measures proposed for Jl. Hantuah KM 1-2 are Installation of speed limit sign, Road marking with continous line, and providing road lighting. The safety remedial measures proposed for Jl. HR. Subrantas are Installation of Warning Signs, Zebra Cross, Pavement Repair, Signs of parking ban on the shoulder of the road. The safety remedial measures proposed for Jl Sukarno Hatta KM 1-2 are Installation of Speed Limit Sign, and relocation of u-turn.
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Kostomakhin, M. "Repair and adjustment of forage harvesters." Sel'skohozjajstvennaja tehnika: obsluzhivanie i remont (Agricultural Machinery: Service and Repair), no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 30–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-10-2001-05.
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The article presents recommendations for the repair and adjustment of forage trailed (mounted) harvesters KPKU-75, KPI-2,4, KIK-3000 "Polesie", KSS-2,6 A-1, KS-1,8 is intended for farmers, machine operators and professionals engaged in technical service and operation of agricultural machinery in farms and repair and maintenance enterprises. Documentation of manufacturers, materials of VIM (GOSNITI) and advanced experience of repair of forage equipment were used in development of recommendations. The fi rst part of the recommendations contains the basic requirements that ensure the performance of forage harvesters, as well as safety measures during their repair. In the second part will be given instructions on the preparation of forage harvesters to work.
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Gurule, Abhijeet, Tejas Ahire, Akshay Ghodke, N. P. Mujumdar, and G. D. Ahire. "Investigation on Causes of Pavement Failure and Its Remedial Measures." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 2786–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42934.
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Abstract: Pavement failure is defined in terms of decreasing serviceability caused by the development of cracks and ruts. Before going into the maintenance strategies, we must look into the causes of failure of bituminous pavements. Failures of bituminous pavements are caused due to many reasons or combination of reasons. Application of correction in the existing surface will enhance the life of maintenance works as well as that of strengthening layer. It has been seen that only 3 parameters i.e., unevenness index, pavement cracking and rutting are considered while other distresses have been omitted while going for maintenance operations. Along with the maintenance techniques there are various methods for pavement preservation which will help in enhancing the life of pavement and delaying of its failure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible causes of pavement distresses, and to recommend remedies to minimize distress of the pavement. The report describes lessons learnt from pavement failures and problems experienced during the last few years on a number of projects in India. Based on the past experience’s various pavement preservation techniques and measures are also discussed which will be helpful in increasing the serviceable life of pavement. A comprehensive literature concerning the factors of road deterioration, common road defects and their causes were reviewed. The investigation involved field survey and laboratory testing on those projects to examine the existing pavement conditions. The results revealed that the roads investigated experienced severe failures in the forms of cracks, potholes and rutting in the wheel path. The causes of those failures were found mainly linked to poor drainage, traffic overloading, expansive subgrade soils and the use of low-quality materials in construction. Based on the results, recommendations were provided to help highway engineers in selecting the most effective repair techniques for specific kinds of distresses.
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Antonov, Anca Elena, Georgeta Buica, Doru Costin Darabont, and Constantin Beiu. "The Impact Of Occupational Hazards In Workplaces - Maintenance, A Main Target For Ensuring The Safety Of Working Equipment." ACTA Universitatis Cibiniensis 66, no. 1 (July 1, 2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aucts-2015-0017.
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Abstract For use of work equipment having the economic performance and the highest level of safety, it must be ensured that it complies with the conditions set by the manufacturer in terms of putting into service, use and maintenance operations, ensuring appropriate technical and environmental requirements, including appropriate measures and means of protection. The research aimed to identify and analyze the occupational hazards associated to maintenance operations, in terms of the history of the adjustments, maintenance, cleaning and repair, including the case that occur after the incidents, capital repairs and upgrades. The results of the research consisted in the development of recommendations on the effective management of maintenance activities of work equipment and a software model to enable an efficient management of maintenance, as a tool for occupational hazards in companies - premise for increasing the competitiveness of employers in the market economy.
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Kulbovskyi, I. "DEVELOPMENT OF A SYSTEM MODEL OF TECHNICAL OPERATION MANAGEMENT IN TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS." Collection of scientific works of the State University of Infrastructure and Technologies series "Transport Systems and Technologies" 1, no. 37 (June 29, 2021): 196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2617-9040-2021-37-19.
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The article considers the problems of quality management of repair and operation of technical means in projects of development and maintenance of transport infrastructure, which is the most important factor in improving living standards, economic, social and environmental safety. The project quality management system and planning methodology are considered. It is investigated that in order to improve this system it is necessary to solve the problem of integration of quality management principles and their adaptation to transport infrastructure projects on quality management of repair and operation of technical means and the ways of solution are shown. A set of interrelated organizational and technological tasks and measures aimed at restoring the normative transport and operational indicators of repair and operation of technical means of transport is considered. It is investigated that the process of project quality assurance at the level of quality management in transport infrastructure projects consists of the adoption of planned systematic measures to ensure the implementation of all envisaged processes. On the basis of researches the system model of criteria by means of which it is possible to define system efficiency of development and realization of the corresponding projects of transport infrastructure is offered. As a result of solving this problem, a model of management and decision support for diagnostics of technical means in transport infrastructure projects has been developed, which opens prospects for planning and timely maintenance and repair of technical means of transport to ensure and improve traffic safety.
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Abdi, Adel, Hans Lind, and Björn Birgisson. "Payment mechanisms for winter road maintenance services." Construction Economics and Building 13, no. 4 (December 10, 2013): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v13i4.3537.
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In countries with severe winters a major part of the annual budget for road maintenance is allocated on performance of winter road maintenance tasks. Finding appropriate remuneration forms to compensate entrepreneurs for performed road measures during winter is not an easy task in order to minimise or eliminate disputes and satisfy both client organisations and contractors. On the other hand improper reimbursement models lead either to the client’s annual budget imbalance due to unnecessary cost overruns or affect contractor’s cash-flow. Such cases in turn affect just-in-time winter road maintenance and then traffic safety. To solve such problems, a number of countries in cold regions like Sweden have developed different remuneration models based more on weather data called Weather Index. Therefore the objective of this paper is to investigate and evaluate the payment models applied in Sweden. The study uses a number of approaches namely; domestic questionnaire survey, analysis of a number of contract documents, a series of meetings with the project managers and an international benchmarking. The study recognised four remuneration models for winter maintenance service of which one based on weather data statistics. The study reveals the payment model based on weather data statistics is only applied for the roads with higher traffic flow and the model generates most uncertainty.
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Kim, Koog Hun, and Joo Ha Lee. "Analysis of Chloride Deterioration and Structural Safety Evaluation of Bridge Barriers." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 21, no. 6 (December 31, 2021): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2021.21.6.177.
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Recently, there has been an increase in the chloride deterioration of bridges on urban highways owing to the excessive usage of deicing agents in winter, thus necessitating repair and maintenance measures to ensure the durability of concrete. In this study, the status of the damages occurring in the concrete barriers, such as walls and median partitions, of bridges on urban highways in Seoul was investigated. After collecting a total of 306 cores from various sites, a chloride analysis test was performed on a total of 918 samples obtained by dividing each core into three parts. The results were analyzed using the depth, upper and lower parts of the barrier, damage conditions, and route. In addition, the safety of the structure was evaluated in the case of repair by removing the corroded reinforcing bars (main reinforcing bars and spacers) directly exposed to chloride.
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Sahebi, Masaba Tasneem, Md Marufur Rahman, and M. Maksudur Rahman. "Fire Risk Situation Analysis in the Nimtoli Area of Old Dhaka." Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science 46, no. 1 (June 22, 2021): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v46i1.54232.
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Assessment of the fire risk situation of Nimtali area by using eight indicators related to the fire source, fire spreading and evacuation during fire incidents was conducted. The results revealed that none of the buildings has emergency exits, fire protection measures, fire hydrant and provision of a fire drill. The area is densely populated. Most of the buildings are mixed-used and have no space in between. Electrical cables are haphazardly hanging from poles. Access roads are incredibly narrow. By analyzing eight indicators, it is found that the entire Nimtoli area is still at risk of fire hazard. Within Nimtoli, 32% area is at high risk, and 45% is at moderate risk of fire hazard. Proper fire safety measures and safety inspection, regular maintenance of utility lines, awareness about fire hazards among the dwellers, proper implementation of Bangladesh national building code (BNBC) and regulation of mixed-use of buildings can drastically reduce the fire risk in the urban area of Bangladesh.
J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 46(1): 91-102, June 2020
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Baltrėnas, Pranas, and Agnė Kazlauskienė. "SUSTAINABLE ECOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT REDUCING NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF ROAD MAINTENANCE SALTS." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 15, no. 1 (March 31, 2009): 178–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1392-8619.2009.15.178-188.
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To ensure traffic safety in winter, large amounts of technical salts (chlorides) are applied on roads. De‐icing salts directly or indirectly contaminate the road environment and have a negative effect on the components of road environment. The analysis of the situation raises a question: how to ensure traffic safety in wintertime applying salts and achieve sustainable development. The article presents the investigations of chloride concentrations on the roadsides of a highway. In 5 recent years, complex environmental laboratory investigations and investigations under natural conditions of the effect of salts on the components of the road environment have been carried out proving their toxic effect. Consequently, to reduce a negative effect of salts on the road environment, measures of sustainable ecological development have to be taken. To achieve a balanced use of salts, the proposal is to apply alternative materials (formiates, molasses‐based material). The introduction of biotechnical measures (an infiltration‐grassy ditch, biological and chemical indication on roadsides) is expedient to eliminate the consequences but not the reasons of salt use. Santrauka Žiemos sezonu eismo saugumui užtikrinti naudojami dideli kiekiai techninių druskų (chloridų). Slidumui šalinti barstomosios druskos tiesiogiai ir netiesiogiai užteršia kelio aplinką ir neigiamai veikia kelio aplinkos komponentus. Todėl kyla klausimas – kaip užtikrinti eismo saugumą žiemą naudojant druskas bei įgyvendinti darnaus vystymosi nuostatas. Straipsnyje pateikti chloridų koncentracijų tyrimai magistralinio kelio, kertančio saugomas teritorijas, pakelių dirvožemyje. Pastaruosius penkerius metus vykdomi kompleksiniai aplinkosaugos laboratoriniai ir natūriniai druskų poveikio kelio aplinkos komponentams tyrimai įrodo nuodingą jų poveikį. Todėl būtina imtis darnaus ekologinio vystymo priemonių, mažinant neigiamą druskų įtaką kelio aplinkai. Siekiant nepadidinti naudojamų druskų kiekio, siūlomos alternatyvios medžiagos (formiatai, melasos pagrindu pagaminta medžiaga). Druskų sukeliamoms pasekmėms (ne priežastims) pašalinti tikslinga įdiegti biotechnines priemones (infiltracinis-žolinis griovys, biologinė ir cheminė indikacija pakelėse).
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Kostomakhin, M. N. "Guidelines for the repair and adjustment of combine harvesters." Sel'skohozjajstvennaja tehnika: obsluzhivanie i remont (Agricultural Machinery: Service and Repair), no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-10-2007-03.
Full textAbstract:
Guidelines for the repair and adjustment of forage harvesters KPU-75, KPI-2,4, KIK-3000 "Polesie", KSS-2,6A-1, KSS-1,8 are intended for farmers, machine operators and specialists engaged in technical service and operation of agricultural machinery in farms and repair and maintenance enterprises. When developing recommendations, we used the documentation of manufacturers, materials of the Federal state budgetary institution VIM (GOSNITI) and advanced experience in repairing forage harvesting equipment. The fi rst part of the recommendations contains the main requirements that ensure the performance of forage harvesters, as well as safety measures for their repair. The second part of the recommendations provides instructions on how to prepare forage harvesters for operation.
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Козлов, Вячеслав, Vyacheslav Kozlov, Алексей Скрыпников, Aleksey Skrypnikov, Елена Микова, Elena Mikova, Роман Могутнов, Roman Mogutnov, Евгений Чирков, and E. Chirkov. "FORMATION OF THE MODEL OF DESIGNING THE SYSTEM "ROAD CONDITIONS - TRANSPORT FLOWS" AND WAYS OF ITS IMPLEMENTATION." Forestry Engineering Journal 8, no. 1 (March 19, 2018): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5ab0dfbe6ece23.91630316.
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A model for managing the system "road conditions - traffic flows" is proposed that allows to ensure the functioning of the complex "driver - car - road - environment" in any weather and climate conditions. The analysis of the proposed model and target functional shows that optimization of the "road conditions - traffic flow" system can proceed in many directions, the main of which are: optimal development and placement of the network of forest roads, improving their technical level and level of maintenance, road engineering equipment , efficient traffic management, excluding the rational distribution of forest traffic on the network of forest roads and the management modes on individual logging roads and sections of forest roads. The developed model makes it possible to carry out a theoretical analysis and experimental verification of the interaction between «driver-car-road-environment" system in order to identify the reserves of increasing efficiency of its operation and purposeful management of this process. Transport-operational characteristics of logging roads are the main factors that shape the conditions of timber transport on the road, mode, convenience and safety of traffic and determine the efficiency of road transport, and connections of many characteristics of roads with the traffic modes have deterministic, corrective character. These patterns are the basis for the development of technical requirements for logging roads. The proposed model for integrated creation and management of the functioning of a forest road may already be implemented. However, the design of roads is expedient to provide complex control engineering and organizational measures to ensure the estimated traffic conditions during the whole period of operation of the road, regardless of the time of year and weather and climate conditions. Evaluation of the effectiveness of taken decisions should be made with mandatory consideration for ensuring the required performance of logging road in adverse periods of the year and in difficult weather conditions
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Tri Saputra, M. Maulana, and Isdaryanto Iskandar. "EVALUATION OF THE AIR KANYUT BRIDGE CONDITIONS, BANGKA REGENCY, BANGKA BELITUNG PROVINCE USING THE BRIDGE INSPECTION METHOD DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF BINA MARGA." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 7, no. 5 (September 1, 2022): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2022.v07i05.005.
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Bangka Regency is one of the regencies in Bangka Belitung Province, which has several potentials for improving regional economies, such as agriculture and plantation, fisheries and marine, mining and industry, and tourism. Bridges have an important role in supporting activities in the sector, but there are bridges that are estimated to have critical conditions in Bangka Regency, namely, Air Kanyut Bridge. Special handling is needed in the maintenance and repair of bridges and roads, so all of activities supporting economy can run well. Bridge maintenance conducted with regular and periodic inspections, if there is damage during the inspection, then proceed with a special inspection to determine the required preservation measures. The Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing through the Directorate General of Bina Marga has a guideline used in conducting bridge inspections, namely Bridge Inspection Guidelines Number 01/P/BM/2022. The guidelines contain general provisions and technical provisions regarding the planning, preparation, and implementation of bridge inspections required for inventory inspection, detailed inspection, routine inspection, and special inspection of bridge conditions.
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Omar, Priyanka, MVN Siva Kumar, and Subbarao Yarramsetty. "Management of Various Safety Parameters in Tunnel Construction: A Critical Review." E3S Web of Conferences 170 (2020): 06003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017006003.
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Population is growing rapidly and so are vehicles on roads. This leads to enormous need of tunnels and subways for easy locomotion and mobilization. From conventional tunnels, for sewage and water facilities to modern electrified tunnels, for mass transit and underwater highways, method of construction of a tunnel to its safety inspection and maintenance has taken a wide leap. Tunnel construction requires wide range of resources like human, technology, machinery, materials, energy, and finance. To handle all these resources simultaneously becomes complex and requires good management. Even with good management, accidents and hazards might occur. A critical review of various safety parameters while constructing a tunnel and its management is presented in this paper. This review paper discusses the history of safety of tunnels till present safety measures and techniques adopted around the world for different tunnels; various critical factors which affect the safety in tunnels; the extent of damage occurring due to these factors; numerous preventive measures which are adopted around the world to prevent loss of property and lives in tunnels; and advanced technology and software, which are being used in modern era to enhance safety in tunnel construction. The study from manual horse drawn-tramway to autonomous robotic system has been done. This paper also considers various tunnels around the world and gives a summary of factors for safety focused on for making these tunnels, with its adopted remedy.
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Alekseeva, E. A. "Accounting the features of maintenance and repair of the city roads with asphaltic concrete pavement for evaluation and safety provision of their operation." Вестник гражданских инженеров 14, no. 2 (2017): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2017-14-2-195-199.
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Mahlberg, Justin A., Rahul Suryakant Sakhare, Howell Li, Jijo K. Mathew, Darcy M. Bullock, and Gopi C. Surnilla. "Prioritizing Roadway Pavement Marking Maintenance Using Lane Keep Assist Sensor Data." Sensors 21, no. 18 (September 8, 2021): 6014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186014.
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There are over four million miles of roads in the United States, and the prioritization of locations to perform maintenance activities typically relies on human inspection or semi-automated dedicated vehicles. Pavement markings are used to delineate the boundaries of the lane the vehicle is driving within. These markings are also used by original equipment manufacturers (OEM) for implementing advanced safety features such as lane keep assist (LKA) and eventually autonomous operation. However, pavement markings deteriorate over time due to the fact of weather and wear from tires and snowplow operations. Furthermore, their performance varies depending upon lighting (day/night) as well as surface conditions (wet/dry). This paper presents a case study in Indiana where over 5000 miles of interstate were driven and LKA was used to classify pavement markings. Longitudinal comparisons between 2020 and 2021 showed that the percentage of lanes with both lines detected increased from 80.2% to 92.3%. This information can be used for various applications such as developing or updating standards for pavement marking materials (infrastructure), quantifying performance measures that can be used by automotive OEMs to warn drivers of potential problems with identifying pavement markings, and prioritizing agency pavement marking maintenance activities.
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Nazarov, V. P., D. A. Korolchenko, S. A. Shvyrkov, M. M. Tangiev, and A. P. Petrov. "Features of assessing the level of fire and explosion safety of tanks before hot works." Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety 30, no. 6 (February 3, 2022): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/0869-7493.2021.30.06.52-60.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. One of the most important stages in the development of fire and explosion safety requirements applicable to the process of design and operation of oil and petroleum products storage facilities is the correct examination of the facts of fires and explosions. Unfortunately, electronic resources don’t always correctly disclose the causes of fires and don’t allow for the correct assessments of the fire safety level. Goals and objectives. The goal of the study is to improve the quality of evaluation of statistical data on fires arising in reservoirs, based on the use of data from various information sources. The compilation of qualification attributes of causes of fires will simplify the fire examination procedure.Methods. Research methods include the analysis of statistical data on fires at hydrocarbon storage, transportation and processing facilities. The work encompasses the computational and analytical assessment of the possibility of formation of combustible concentrations in the gas space of tanks and formation of explosive zones outside technological devices.Results and their discussion. The article addresses features of assessing the fire and explosion safety of tanks by classifying causes of fires at the stage of pre-repair preparation of tanks and hot works. Three principal classification features have been identified: fires that occur during the pre-repair preparation; fires that occur after the fulfillment of regulatory requirements for the pre-repair preparation, and fires caused by major violations of fire safety requirements.Conclusions. To prevent fires, the issue of tank farm design should be elaborated in detail, fire safety measures should be taken during the operation of hydrocarbon storage facilities, maintenance of equipment should be carried out, preventive maintenance should be executed, as well.
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Ivanov, Vladimir, and Tat’yana Vigerina. "IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF PROJECTS OF REPAIR COMPANIES USING COMPOSITION CENTERS." Tekhnicheskiy servis mashin 1, no. 142 (January 2021): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2618-8287-2020-59-1-115-123.
Full textAbstract:
Educational and scientific publications orient future specialists of the repair and maintenance profile when studying the discipline of enterprise design to optimize technical solutions according to the criteria of minimum production area of premises and buildings and transport work for moving machines and aggregates, but they do not offer qualitative and quantitative methods of this optimization. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing the measures to reduce the production area and transport work on the movement of products during the reconstruction and technical re-equipment of repair and maintenance enterprises. (Materials and methods) Geometric optimization according to the criteria of transport work for the movement of repaired and serviced products and the production area of the production building has been used during the study. The layout decision of the industrial buildings subject to technological requirements, restrictions, safety and rational due to the location of the plots, the minimum transport equation serviced (repairable) goods and traffic flows. (Results and discussion) The article presents the concept of a composite center in the layout of the production building of a repair and maintenance enterprise in design practice. The location relative to each other plots of maintenance and repair of operational and integrated operating company, as well as disassembly and cleaning, restoration of parts and a pick-assembly plots repair company that will ensure the movement of goods heaviest path of least length are justified. (Conclusions) The use of composite centers in design work during the reconstruction and technical re-equipment of production sites of operational, maintenance and repair enterprises with the optimization procedure allows you to obtain a housing layout with a minimum production area and the least transport work to move the repaired or serviced products.
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Ivanov, Vladimir P., and Tat’yana V. Vigerina. "IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF PROJECTS OF REPAIR COMPANIES USING COMPOSITION CENTERS." Tekhnicheskiy servis mashin 1, no. 142 (March 2021): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2618-8287-2021-59-1-115-123.
Full textAbstract:
Educational and scientific publications orient future specialists of the repair and maintenance profile when studying the discipline of enterprise design to optimize technical solutions according to the criteria of minimum production area of premises and buildings and transport work for moving machines and aggregates, but they do not offer qualitative and quantitative methods of this optimization. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing the measures to reduce the production area and transport work on the movement of products during the reconstruction and technical re-equipment of repair and maintenance enterprises. (Materials and methods) Geometric optimization according to the criteria of transport work for the movement of repaired and serviced products and the production area of the production building has been used during the study. The layout decision of the industrial buildings subject to technological requirements, restrictions, safety and rational due to the location of the plots, the minimum transport equation serviced (repairable) goods and traffic flows. (Results and discussion) The article presents the concept of a composite center in the layout of the production building of a repair and maintenance enterprise in design practice. The location relative to each other plots of maintenance and repair of operational and integrated operating company, as well as disassembly and cleaning, restoration of parts and a pick-assembly plots repair company that will ensure the movement of goods heaviest path of least length are justified. (Conclusions) The use of composite centers in design work during the reconstruction and technical re-equipment of production sites of operational, maintenance and repair enterprises with the optimization procedure allows you to obtain a housing layout with a minimum production area and the least transport work to move the repaired or serviced products.
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Alekseev, German, Evgenij Medvedev, and Alexandra Bespalova. "Minor and major repairs of buildings and structures. The need to modernize the processes of planning and implementation. Requirements of current legislation of Russia." E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 03029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199703029.
Full textAbstract:
Timely implementation of repair activities for buildings and structures, particularly of minor and major repairs underlie the safe operation of real estate and guarantee its long-term and effective use. Current requirements contained in Russian regulatory documents form the basis for the planning of maintenance activities’ performing. The paper focuses on maintenance activities as part of the property management concept. The general ideas of minor and major repairs as integral measures at the stage of operation of buildings and structures are presented in the paper. All the necessary prescriptions for the maintenance of buildings and structures are formulated quite fully and clearly in terms of legislation. The basic principles of approaches to the repair activities’ performing will remain the same for a long time. However, regularization of the procedural processes of operation, taking into account all the mechanisms that are available for today, is a matter of not only preserving and efficiently using capital construction objects, as well as maintaining their safety, but also information content of such technologically complex units, as buildings or structures under conditions of modern urban environment.
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Škvareková, Erika, Marianna Tomašková, Dušan Sabadka, Marian Šofranko, and Štefan Zelenák. "Evaluation and Risk Factors of Roadheaders in Coal Mines." Management Systems in Production Engineering 29, no. 3 (June 24, 2021): 242–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mspe-2021-0030.
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Abstract During mechanical disintegration of the rock, for mining works are used also roadheaders. Roadheaders, in comparison with disintegration by blasting operations can without interuption, and works changes with one machine, dissolve, load and at the same time mine disintegrated rock. These electro-hydraulic machines cause no harmful vibrations and are ideal for mining coal and other soft rock minerals. Mechanical mining is safer, protects the rock environment, allows mining without further breaks, allows you to achieve a higher level of daily progress and also saves work. The analysis of occupational accidents in the Slovak Republic shows that it is necessary require from employees increased attention in any work activity and attention in the work performed (mainly work in handling material, objects and burdens). In the underground coal mines further attention needs to be paid to securing hazardous areas, it is necessary to proceed in such a way as to prevent as much as possible the fall of rock as much as possible Underground roads require modification and equipment in accordance with regulations. It is necessary to follow health and safety instructions mentioned in operating and maintenance documentation. Correction of some deficiencies is ordered by a decision of the Mining Office. Most measures are aimed at adhering to technological discipline, to complement operating documentation, to prevent rock falls, to equip some machinery and transport equipment, to work procedures for handling loads, to maintenance of mining works and for explosion and anti-vapor prevention. In this article, we assess the safety risks of two roadheaders for coal mining works in Slovak conditions. Pairwise comparisons of the criteria of selected roadheaders were used to determine the safety risks, as well as taking into account the risks and safety measures according to the mixed methods following to the standard.
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Li, He, Weiwen Peng, Cheng-Geng Huang, and C. Guedes Soares. "Failure Rate Assessment for Onshore and Floating Offshore Wind Turbines." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 12 (December 10, 2022): 1965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10121965.
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A detailed analysis is performed on a dataset of failure and maintenance records from various onshore wind farms located in different geographical areas for the safety, risk, reliability, availability, and maintainability characterization of wind turbines. Specifically, characteristics related to failures, including the criticality of failure modes, failure frequencies, failure rates, and lifetime distributions of components, are analyzed to support the failure identification and failure prevention of wind turbines. Additionally, characteristics of maintenance, including typical maintenance measures of failures, policies for spare components, delayed maintenance, as well as related times such as reaction time, travelling time, and mean time to repair, are provided to support the maintenance management of wind farms. Based on the operational data analysis results, a reliability influence factor-based failure data correction approach is presented to transfer the onshore data to floating offshore turbines by modeling the differences in failure occurrences based on experts’ judgment. A comprehensive comparison with existing studies validates the performance of the proposed approach.
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Kumar, Amit, Anshumaan Saxena, and Mangey Ram. "Multi-State Reliability Measures Analysis of Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) System." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 27, no. 02 (September 20, 2019): 2040007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539320400070.
Full textAbstract:
Effective maintenance and monitoring in high-risk industrial system play a very crucial role. Monitoring of a system involves how the system works and how its sub-units are connected to each other? The interconnection of the units in a system is very important for the performance of the system. In this paper, authors tried to examine the various performance measures of a Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) by taking in consideration its different sub-parts like control roads, turbine, steam generator, pump, uranium fuel, generator, etc., and their interconnection in the NPP, with the aid of Markov process and supplementary variable technique (SVT). This work begins by reviewing previously conducted studies for NPP. Finally, the results are demonstrated by the graphs to understand the effect of various failures on the performance of NPP.