Academic literature on the topic 'Roads – Europe – Maps'
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Journal articles on the topic "Roads – Europe – Maps"
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Lorek, Dariusz, and Tymoteusz Horbiński. "Interactive Web-Map of the European Freeway Junction A1/A4 Development with the Use of Archival Cartographic Sources." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 7 (July 14, 2020): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9070438.
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In the article, authors have analyzed cartographic materials presenting the spatial development of Gliwice with the use of multimedia tools. The materials prove that this area has played an important part in the road system of the region, country and even part of Europe since the 19th century. The six maps from the studied area were analyzed e.g., the Urmesstischblätter map, polish topographic maps, and the OpenStreetMap. Based on these maps and their legends, vectorization of the main roads of the analyzed area was carried out. The evolution of the main road corridors on the six maps was analyzed with respect to the location of the European freeway junction (A1/A4), constituting a basis for the web map. According to the authors, the use of the interactive web map is the most comprehensive method of all technologies used by modern cartography. Spatial data collected from different cartographic publications (from the first half of the 19th century till the present) consider the most significant aspects of changes in the road network of the analyzed area in a detailed and user-friendly way.
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Chaisse, Julien. "Chinas Belt And Road Initiative: Mapping the World Trade Normative and Strategic Implications." Journal of World Trade 52, Issue 1 (February 1, 2018): 163–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2018008.
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In 2013, Chinese President Xi Jinping announced that he wanted to resurrect the legendary Silk Road; he proposed a titanic project to build hundreds of roads, bridges, and railroads to connect China and Europe. In China, the government also speaks of the ‘Belt and Road initiative’ (One Belt, One Road – abbreviated OBOR) to describe the project that will span more than 50 years. OBOR is President Xi Jinping’s most important project and it marks a radical change in China’s foreign policy as it constitutes a new economic model that also aims to strengthen China’s position as an economic superpower. Despite its major impact on international trade and investment, OBOR does not belong to present-day categories of international pacts and treaties. For the first time in its modern history, China is attempting to export its development model, that is, China is relying on massive investment in infrastructure, roads, ports, and railways, at home and abroad, to accelerate industrial development throughout the region. At a time when the globalization of the economy is tilting the balance towards the East, OBOR will redistribute the maps of trade and investment to an extent which this Article assesses.
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Touya, G., F. Brisebard, F. Quinton, and A. Courtial. "INFERRING THE SCALE AND CONTENT OF A MAP USING DEEP LEARNING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B4-2020 (August 24, 2020): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b4-2020-17-2020.
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Abstract. Visually impaired people cannot use classical maps but can learn to use tactile relief maps. These tactile maps are crucial at school to learn geography and history as well as the other students. They are produced manually by professional transcriptors in a very long and costly process. A platform able to generate tactile maps from maps scanned from geography textbooks could be extremely useful to these transcriptors, to fasten their production. As a first step towards such a platform, this paper proposes a method to infer the scale and the content of the map from its image. We used convolutional neural networks trained with a few hundred maps from French geography textbooks, and the results show promising results to infer labels about the content of the map (e.g. ”there are roads, cities and administrative boundaries”), and to infer the extent of the map (e.g. a map of France or of Europe).
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Shilton, Simon, Bert Peeters, Wout Schwanen, Stephen Smyth, and Stephen Byrne. "Determination of road surface correction factors for CNOSSOS-EU in Ireland." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 268, no. 1 (November 30, 2023): 7276–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2023_1095.
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Transport Infrastructure Ireland (TII) is a state agency in the Republic of Ireland. The primary function of TII is to provide an integrated approach to the future development and operation of the national roads network and light rail infrastructure throughout Ireland. TII are designated as the Noise Mapping Body (NMB) responsible for the development of strategic noise maps for all national roads carrying in excess of 3 million vehicles a year. Directive 2002/49/EC (commonly referred to as the Environment Noise Directive, 'the END') relates to the assessment and management of environmental noise. It is the main instrument of the European Union (EU) to quantify noise pollution levels, and trigger action within both Member States and at EU level. The END has the aim of establishing a common approach to the management of noise within the EU. Commission Directive (EU) 2015/996 established the common noise assessment methodology for Europe (CNOSSOS-EU). The CNOSSOS-EU road traffic noise emission model calculates rolling noise for different vehicle categories as a function of speed and frequency. The emission is initially calculated under reference conditions, then corrected for differing situations. For road surfaces which do not align with the reference surface, road surface correction factors should ideally be developed, otherwise a number of default values are provided within CNOSSOS-EU which are taken from the Dutch national noise assessment method, Rmg2012, and therefore contain only surfaces that are common in the Netherlands. For the implementation of CNOSSOS-EU in Ireland, a project was undertaken to develop road surface corrections for at least the three most common pavement types on the TII network with no direct match to the CNOSSOS-EU database. This paper will describe the measurements taken on Irish roads, the resulting road surface corrections, and our conclusions and recommendations for using the road surface corrections.
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Krupowicz, Wioleta, Katarzyna Sobolewska-Mikulska, and Marija Burinskienė. "MODERN TRENDS IN ROAD NETWORK DEVELOPMENT IN RURAL AREAS." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 12, no. 1 (March 24, 2017): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2017.06.
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Activities aimed at the improvement of instruments of rural development have been undertaken in Europe for many years. Those focusing on the changing the ownership structure, implemented through the traditional process of land consolidation, are gradually replaced by multifunctional activities for rural development, considering elements of environmental protection, agricultural landscape management, and solutions concerning soil and water protection. Such development must be accompanied by the application of new pro-ecological design and material-technological solutions regarding the construction of rural roads. The roads should be designed with possibly the fullest consideration of a rich resource of data on a given area, performance of many spatial analyses, and decision making in the scope of selection of the most appropriate solutions acceptable to all stakeholders (e.g. residents, farmers, local authorities, entrepreneurs, and investors). The article presents the concept of a model solution of the development of the rural road network based on the multiple-criteria model of spatial analyses with the application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process method. The research process was conducted in the geographic information systems environment. The importance of the proposed methodology was verified in actual conditions based on the example of the Harta village located in the southern part of Poland. The obtained results suggest that the process of development of rural roads with the application of the multiple-criteria model of spatial analyses is more accurate, more efficient than the traditional design method, and considers the requirements of the sustainable development of rural areas. Moreover, it permits presentation of solutions in the form of maps to the local community, almost in real time, and making excellent decisions with its active participation.
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Malo, Juan E., and Cristina Mata. "The Potential Role of Drove Roads as Connecting Corridors for Birds between Natura 2000 Sites." Birds 2, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 314–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/birds2030023.
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Ecological connectivity among protected Natura 2000 sites is a priority for conservation in Europe due to the increasing pressure on biodiversity from human activities and climate change. Drove roads, the traditional paths used to move livestock through the territory, have been proposed as potential ecological corridors due to their large extent, continuous nature and centennial protection from ploughing and urbanization, which allows the persistence of some tree cover and natural habitats in them. Bird communities were sampled during the reproductive season along 19 drove road transects in agrarian landscapes between Natura 2000 sites, all of them around the conurbation of Madrid (Madrid Region, Spain). Bird community nestedness was assessed by NODF computation followed by significance estimation by aleatorization, and factors explaining species richness and bird abundance were analyzed through General Linear Models fitted with environmental variables measured on official vegetation maps and orthophotos. Bird communities in drove roads were significantly nested, showing high predictability in the order of species loss from better preserved sites to those under stronger environmental pressures. Accordingly, Poisson regression showed bird richness to decrease strongly with distance from the closest Natura 2000 site and to increase with forest cover at the landscape and at the drove road scales. Bird abundance increased strongly with distance from urban areas and motorways, and it was slightly higher in areas with more forest cover and in transects with less bare ground. These results, and the higher relevance detected for landscape scale variables (500 m around transects) than for those at the drove road (50 m) scale, show that (i) they can only play a secondary role as habitat for nesting birds but (ii) they may add to the Green Infrastructure strategy as facilitators or stepping stones for bird communities if the surrounding landscape is favorable for them.
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Chen, Jiquan, Hogeun Park, Peilei Fan, Li Tian, Zutao Ouyang, and Raffaele Lafortezza. "Cultural Landmarks and Urban Landscapes in Three Contrasting Societies." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 13, 2021): 4295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084295.
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Cultural heritage sites and landscapes are intuitively connected in urban systems. Based on available databases of cultural landmarks, we selected three pairs of cities that are currently dominated by three contrasting religions (Catholic, Buddhist and emerging culture) to compare the long-term changes in cultural landmarks, to quantify their spatial distribution in the current landscape, and to examine the potential influences these landmarks have on landscapes. The landmark database and landscapes were constructed from archived maps, satellite imagery and the UNESCO heritage sites for Barcelona, Bari, Beijing, Vientiane, Shenzhen, and Ulaanbaatar. Roads in Asian cities are mostly constructed in alignment with the four cardinal directions, forming a checkerboard-type landscape, whereas Bari and Barcelona in Europe have examples of roads radiating from major cultural landmarks. We found clear differences in the number of landmarks and surrounding landscape in these cities, supporting our hypothesis that current urban landscapes have been influenced similarly by cultural landmarks, although substantial differences exist among cities. Negative relationships between the number of cultural landmarks and major cover types were found, except with agricultural lands. Clearly, cultural landmarks need to be treated as “natural features” and considered as reference points in urban planning. Major efforts are needed to construct a global database before an overarching conclusion can be made for global cities.
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López-Rodríguez, Fernando, Justo García Sanz-Calcedo, and Francisco J. Moral-García. "Spatial Analysis of Residual Biomass and Location of Future Storage Centers in the Southwest of Europe." Energies 12, no. 10 (May 23, 2019): 1978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12101978.
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Forests can be exploited for obtaining biomass, which belongs to a bioenergy group with great energy potential that could replace fossil fuels. This article presents a novel procedure to quantify, map and define biomass, which takes into account both environmental and economic issues. With regard to the environment, only the annual growth of tree species is considered, and not the previous stocks. The growth is determined by logarithmic equations through an original procedure supported by a biomass estimator, which represents the amount of biomass generated annually for energy use, and by means of Excel tables, the exploitable biomass values are obtained. Previously, and by using GIS, areas with slopes exceeding 20% are discarded, thus avoiding soil erosion and damage, and in any case that biomass is not extracted for economic reasons. The same procedure is followed, discarding those areas located more than 4 km from forest roads and runways, as transport costs are increased. Finally, those layers with low energy potential are eliminated as well. Therefore, annually selected quantities of biomass can be obtained safely and abundantly by using detailed distribution maps of the resources, and through planning and performing efficient forestry extraction works.
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Popescu, Cristian, and Alina Bărbulescu. "Floods Simulation on the Vedea River (Romania) Using Hydraulic Modeling and GIS Software: A Case Study." Water 15, no. 3 (January 25, 2023): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15030483.
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Extreme hydro-meteorological phenomena have become more frequent in recent years compared to the year 2000 in Europe, including Romania. Flooding occurs from heavy rainfalls favored by natural and anthropogenic factors such as the valley’s flat slope or settlements situated near the river. Ţigăneşti and Brânceni villages (from southern Romania) are no exception and have been affected by floods many times. One of these events is that from 2005, when the flow reached 676 m3/s (a value 80 times higher than the normal flow of the Vedea River) in Brȃnceni. This paper aims to present a simulation of the flood that occurred during 3–6 July 2005 and its impact on the settlements, roads, and land, using field observation (including some from 2005), GIS software (ArcGIS), software for flood simulations (HEC-RAS—Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System), and flow data from the Romanian National Institute of Hydrology. Simulations were run in HEC-RAS. The obtained flooded areas imported back into GIS (Geographic Information System) were used to determine the area covered by water and the length of affected roads. The surface and number of flooded buildings were calculated using different tools from ArcMap. Results were interpreted, commented on, and compared with data and maps provided by the Romanian Water National Administration. The simulation shows that the villages would be protected from the flood by building a levee along the Vedea River. Significant losses can be prevented, and money can be saved.
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Ortega-Reig, Mar, Carsten Schürmann, Adrian Ferrandis Martínez, and Andrew Copus. "Measuring Access to Services of General Interest as a Diagnostic Tool to Identify Well-Being Disparities between Rural Areas in Europe." Land 12, no. 5 (May 11, 2023): 1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12051049.
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The gradual reorientation of rural policy paradigms away from competitiveness and economic growth and towards well-being and sustainability creates a need for more appropriate diagnostic tools to assess disparities and policy outcomes. One of the most cited determinants of rural well-being is access to Services of General Interest. Areas with relatively poor access to services can be described as “inner peripheries”, and peripherisation literature provides helpful insights into the challenges faced and policy needs. This paper presents a methodology for modelling and mapping access to a suite of ten key services, covering all of Europe at a 2.5 km grid square level. The approach is intrinsically relative, comparing the travel time to services from each grid square with the average for surrounding regions. Maps are provided for 2017 and 2021, and changes between these dates are described. ‘Inner peripheries’ are found in every country, their configuration being influenced not only by geographical features, but also by service delivery practices. Further analysis explores patterns of risk, identifying areas in which service provision is in a precarious position. The results presented are rich in practical policy implications, not least the suggestion that, in terms of patterns of well-being, local roads are at least as important as trunk infrastructure.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Roads – Europe – Maps"
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Graça, Francisco Pedro Portela. "Estratégias para cidades mais verdes e silenciosas." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/82976.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Civil apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaMais de metade dos residentes em grandes cidades da Europa vive em zonas em que, principalmente o ruído rodoviário e ferroviário, afetam de forma adversa a saúde humana e bem-estar, causando problemas de sono, de concentração, ou pior, problemas cardiovasculares que contribuem para o aumento de mortes prematuras. Além da saúde dos habitantes, muitos espaços públicos, como parques, esplanadas e zonas verdes, são também afetados pelo ruído, reduzindo o potencial destas áreas. A implementação de estratégias de mitigação do ruído nas zonas urbanas, trará benefícios na saúde pública e consequentemente ganhos económicos. Neste trabalho apresenta-se uma perspetiva geral do ruído nas cidades Europeias, dando a conhecer as principais fontes, associadas à circulação de veículos e aos mecanismos de geração de ruído que daí se desenvolvem, estando maioritariamente relacionados com a interação entre o veiculo e o pavimento. Faz-se uma exposição sumária de regulamentos europeus e nacionais que condicionam a produção de níveis sonoros excessivos e dá-se uma visão geral sobre os problemas associados à exposição excessiva ao ruído.É objetivo principal, realizar uma compilação de estratégias que visam reduzir o ruído através do recurso a soluções ecológicas e inovadoras. Algumas correspondem a sistemas puramente ecológicos, que apenas recorrem a sistemas vegetativos ou que se fazem valer da configuração do local para otimizar a mitigação do ruído. Por outro lado, existem sistemas ou mesmo estratégias inovadoras, que se podem aplicar no âmbito do ruído rodoviário e ferroviário, que visam modificar ou acrescentar componentes aos elementos existentes causadores de ruído.
More than a half of residents in big European cities live in areas where mainly road and railways noise affects human health and wellness causing sleep disturbance, lack of concentration, or worst, cardiovascular diseases which contributes for the raise of premature deaths. Besides the health of the habitants, many public spaces, like parks, terraces and green zones are affected by these noise sources, reducing the value of these areas. The implementation of mitigation noise strategies in urban areas will improve public health and, consequently, bring economic gains. In this work it is pretended to present an overview of the noise that affects the European cities, describe the main sources, associated to vehicle circulation and it noise generation mechanisms, mostly related to vehicle-pavement interaction. A summary about European and national regulations, which limit the production of excessive sound levels, is provided, and a general overview about the health problems caused due to noise exposure is given. The main goal is to perform a compilation of strategies that aim to reduce noise through the use of ecological and innovative solutions. Some of them are purely ecological, systems that only make use of vegetative systems or of the local configuration, to optimize the noise mitigation. Alternatively, other innovative systems or strategies, can be used, that may be applied to road or rail noise, which aim to modify or introduce components to the existing noisiest elements.
Books on the topic "Roads – Europe – Maps"
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Frey, Kümmerly +. Europa: Strassenatlas : 1:800 000 = Europe : atlas routier : 1:800 000 = Europe : road atlas : 1:800 000. 2nd ed. Bern: Kümmerly + Frey, 2002.
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Automobile Association (Great Britain). Cartographic Dept., ed. AA big road atlas, Europe. 2nd ed. Basingstoke, Hampshire: The Association, 1996.
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(Firm), Pneu Michelin. Europe: Atlas routier et touristique = Europe : tourist and motoring atlas. 4th ed. Clermont-Ferrand, France: Michelin, 2001.
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Kartograficznych, Państwowe Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw. Europa, atlas samochodowy =: Europe, road atlas. 2nd ed. Warszawa: Państwowe Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Kartograficznych, 1986.
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(Firm), Kunth. Grosser Autoatlas: Deutschland, Schweiz, Österreich, Norditalien, Europa. München: GeoGraphic Publishers, 2002.
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Verlag, Ravenstein. Osteuropa =: Eastern Europe = Europe de l'est : [atlas]. Bad Soden a Ts: Ravenstein-Verlag, 1993.
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(Firm), Pneu Michelin. Motoring atlas Europe. London: P. Hamlyn, 1989.
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(Firm), Pneu Michelin. Michelin motoring atlas Europe. 6th ed. London: Hamlyn, 1995.
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tourisme, Michelin Services de, ed. Michelin road atlas Europe. 7th ed. London: Hamlyn, 1996.
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George Philip & Son., ed. Philip's road atlas [of] Europe. London: G. Philip, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Roads – Europe – Maps"
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Amelung, Nina, Rafaela Granja, and Helena Machado. "Introduction." In Modes of Bio-Bordering, 1–14. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8183-0_1.
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Abstract This introductory chapter sets out the key themes and arguments of the book and provides a road map for the remaining chapters. It outlines the book’s ambition to contribute to the sociological and criminological literature on technological infrastructures, borders and specific visions of Europe by portraying what we call the biobordering processes at work in the EU. Relying on what Misa and Schot, reflecting on technological infrastructures, have called the ‘hidden integration’ and ‘hidden fragmentation’ of Europe, the transnational exchange of forensic DNA data organized through the Prüm system serves as an exemplary case through which to explore the different logics of biobordering dynamics at work across the European Union. We complement an EU-level analysis with country case analysis of modes of biobordering that emphasize the legal, scientific, technical, political and ethical dimensions related to the governance and uses of biometric technologies both at a national level and in a transnational collaboration.
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Di Nucci, Maria Rosaria, and Achim Brunnengräber. "The Long Road Towards the Soft Nuclear Repository State: Nuclear Waste Governance in Germany." In Energiepolitik und Klimaschutz. Energy Policy and Climate Protection, 113–40. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-40496-3_5.
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AbstractThe decision-making processes in the field of radioactive waste in the Federal Republic Germany have been dominated for long time by the decide-announce-defend (DAD) strategy. In response, the movement against nuclear power and the transport and storage of nuclear waste grew strong and continues to be a key political actor in the current siting process. Following the decision in 2011 to phase out nuclear power by 2022 and with a view to the failures of the past, an ambitious Site Selection Act (StandAG) was passed in 2013 and amended in 2017. This provided the frame for the establishment of new institutions and a far-reaching participation procedure. In this respect, the StandAG represents a key milestone for the new start of the site search for high-level waste (HLW) based on the principle of the blank map and has contributed to modify the nuclear waste governance system. In 2020, following the release of a preliminary report with an evaluation of regions with potentially suitable host rock formations for a geologic nuclear repository, the operator BGE designated around 90 potential areas. The search for a site that provides the greatest possible safety and security potential sites is being accompanied by a participative process involving various stakeholder groups. It was planned to find a suitable, accepted location by 2031. However, in November 2022 the operator BGE announced that the search for a site would last longer, possibly between 2046 and 2068. The process is thus confronted with significant challenges and Germany must work out a concept for a long-term temporary storage facility as in several European countries. This chapter analyses the long-term multi-level governance of HLW in Germany and the evolution of new institutions with a focus on the domains: politics & administration, legislation, science & technology and civil society and the interaction between them.Procedural fairness and inclusiveness of the process remain important and necessary prerequisites for building public confidence and for the social acceptability of the political siting decisions. The chapter maintains that the legal framework and the StandAG leave many unresolved issues, but still permits extensive room for manoeuvre and represents an opportunity for new and expanded forms of participation to be pursued.
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T. S., Pradeep Kumar, and Vetrivelan P. "Real-Time Traffic Simulation of Vehicular Ad hoc Networks." In Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication, 109–23. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3610-3.ch006.
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Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are a type of ad hoc networks where the node movements are high and there will be instant communication between the vehicles (nodes). In this chapter, the authors propose a real-time simulation of vehicular ad hoc networks using simulation of urban mobility (SUMO) in two cases: 1) user-defined road structure and 2) roads designed through open street maps. In both these cases, cars, buses, trucks, pedestrians, and bicycles will be running in the roads. Most of the vehicles will be following the Euro emission norms. Later these cars will be modelled as nodes in a network and analyse the various network performance metrics like throughput and packet delivery ratio were computed.
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Dalakoglou, Dimitris. "Infrastructures, borders, (im)mobility, or the material and social construction of new Europe." In The Road. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526109330.003.0008.
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This final chapter summarises the previous work suggesting some links between the mass contraction projects that took place in Europe after the end of Cold War and the border securitisation processes that the book described and how these are linked with contemporary phenomena.
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Clark, Charles E. "The Provinces." In The Public Prints, 55–74. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195082333.003.0004.
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Abstract A simplified road map of Britain in 1700 would make it clear that London was “metropolis” in more than overwhelming size alone. Like the hub of an eccentric wheel or the off-center core of an incomplete spider’s web, it sent off spokes, as it does today, to every part of the kingdom. Counting clockwise from east northeast around to north, the six main spokes were post roads connecting London with Harwich on the North Sea, with Dover on the Channel, with the West Country towns of Exeter, Plymouth, and Falmouth by way of Salisbury, with the principal Atlantic port of Bristol, with Chester and the Welsh port of Holyhead on the Irish Sea, and with Edinburgh by way of the four-hundred-mile Great North Road. The Harwich and Dover roads provided part of a land-sea link between London and the European continent, while through Holyhead the London-based political and commercial leaders of England kept in touch with their dependency of Ireland. The Cornish and Bristol roads had a part in London’s Atlantic commerce, though the bulk of England’s overseas shipping still sailed directly out of the Thames.
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Andry, Aurélie Dianara. "Epilogue." In Social Europe, the Road not Taken, 265–94. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192867094.003.0008.
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Abstract This epilogue gives an overview of the road taken by European integration after the battle for a ‘social Europe’ was lost, from the mid-1980s until today; it then draws some conclusions regarding the reasons for this defeat. Some of its main causes were internal divergences within the European Left, its inability to truly unite and to consolidate an ‘alliance of the Left’ at European level, its failure to organize an efficient multilevel lobbying force against transnational capitalism, and problems of timing for its proposals, which often arrived late when free-market ideology was already on the rise and when the window of opportunity of the 1970s was closing. Above all, there was a lack of grassroots thrust, as European socialists and trade unions never managed to mobilize mass popular support to radically impose change at the European level.
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Shishelina, Liubov N. "The phenomenon of Visegrad Interaction in the context of Central European transformation." In Central and South-Eastern Europe in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries: researches and documents, 23–32. Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences; Nestor-Istoriia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2712-8342.2021.2.3.
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In this chapter, the author analyzes the evolution of the Central European / Visegrad idea, its role in the formation of an intellectual opposition, the implementation of reforms, and the current authority of the Visegrad Group within the European Union and beyond. Three decades after the “Velvet” revolutions, the Visegrad Group has proven itself the most successful project of Central European transformation. An important role in this was played by the almost complete mutual understanding between the politicians behind the first wave of transformations, who were leading Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic at the most important stages of the formation of the Visegrad Group. The European Union's road map for transformation has also contributed to this. The Visegrad Group, while not without problems, has fulfilled its historical mission. It has managed to realise the centuries-long dream of the region: it has brought to life the myth of an equal and just Central Europe.
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Xepapadako, Avra. "European Itinerant Opera and Operetta Companies Touring in the Near and Middle East." In The Music Road, 318–34. British Academy, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197266564.003.0016.
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Τhis chapter focuses on the activity of musical theatre companies touring in south-eastern Europe, the Near East, the Caucasus and Central Asia during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It investigates cultural transfer and amalgamation between the metropolitan culture of the West and the Orient in the domain of opera and operetta. Greece, in particular, functioned as a cultural crossroads between East and West. From 1840 onwards, Italian opera companies began to tour in Greece and its new theatres, and even further towards the Near East; they were followed, from 1870 onwards, by French operetta and vaudeville companies. In the last decades of the 19th century, these French artists expanded their itineraries towards the East, beyond familiar geographical boundaries, tracing their own small odysseys on the map. The chapter charts and presents these traces, attempting to shed light on an unexplored area of the world history of music and theatre.
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Fanning, Bryan. "Legacies." In Three Roads to the Welfare State, 203–14. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447360322.003.0010.
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This chapter tries to look at the future, having in mind how influential thinking about social policy developed along three winding roads since the beginning of the industrial revolution in several European countries. It tackles a once influential take on how the future might play out, Francis Fukuyama's The End of History and the Last Man, which was published in 1992. By the end of history, Fukuyama meant ‘the end point of mankind's ideological evolution and the universalisation of Western liberal democracy as the final form of human government’. The chapter acknowledges that the new worlds of welfare capitalism of the twenty-first century are still influenced by a range of ideologies and by the evolving functional needs of societies. It will not be possible to restore the welfare settlements of the twentieth century. Nor is it desirable to do so because social policy needs to respond to social change. Europe's three worlds of welfare capitalism took their impetus from the industrial revolution, its accompanying division of labour and technologies, and the emergence of mass democracy. The twenty-first century presents a vista of ongoing technological and social change as well as new risks that somehow need to be addressed by states, markets, and communities. Just as twentieth-century totalitarianism and the Second World War provided the impetus for liberal, Christian democratic and social democratic welfare states, so might the threat of environmental collapse or events such as the 2020 global pandemic inspire a new generation of welfare systems.
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Gott, Michael. "Travelling Beyond the National: Mobile Citizenship and Flexible Identities in French-Language Return Road Movies." In French-language Road Cinema. Edinburgh University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748698677.003.0005.
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This chapter examines what is likely the increasingly prevalent ‘return to origins’ movie. A close look at the corpus of French-language road cinema of the past twenty years reveals a genre that actively reformulates the limits of national and European identity by (often literally) redrawing the map. The popularity of ‘return’ voyages is reflective of a desire to remap French and other national identities within the parameters of an enlarged European Union, within which physical and administrative frontiers have fallen. Return films demonstrate that it is now conceivable to be French, Belgian or Swiss and retain, or rediscover, a connection to another identity, whether Polish, Czech, Armenian, Spanish, Italian, or Maghrebi. The chapter begins with a discussion of how mobile and layered outlooks on citizenship fit into conception of French republicanism and European identity frameworks before zooming in on case studies from France and Switzerland. Voyage en Arménie/Armenia (Robert Guédiguian, 2006, France), Ten’ja/Testament (Hassan Legzouli, 2004, France/Morocco) and Comme des voleurs (à l'est)/Stealth (Lionel Baier, 2005, Switzerland) furnish the examples.
Conference papers on the topic "Roads – Europe – Maps"
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Szopinska, Kinga. "Creation of Theoretical Road Traffic Noise Model with the Help of GIS." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.122.
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Road traffic noise, as a form of environmental pollution, is an important element causing discomfort among inhabitants and leading to the emergence of noise nuisance influencing the shaping of urban space. The basic tool in combating noise is a Strategic Noise Map (SNM), which, understood as a system, constitutes an element of a city’s information layer. The system, illustrating the noise situation within a city, is prepared by means of a calculationmeasurement method using specialized computer programs. The assessment of road traffic noise begins by defining the amount of noise emissions coming from acoustically-homogenous sections (emission map), and ends with determining the extent of noise propagation in urban space (immission map). The above process is based on the analysis of actual input data describing, in a detailed manner, the analyzed road infrastructure in terms of the characteristics of the road section, information on the volume and type of traffic, and data on the organization of traffic. Under such extensive analysis of the condition of the environment, it is appropriate to apply GIS data as a methodological basis for creating SNMs. GIS data make it possible to unify the rules for collecting and archiving values characterizing the condition of the environment, as well as parameters influencing the level of noise. The aim of work is create a theoretical road traffic noise model with the help of GIS. The scope of information in attribute tables of acoustically-homogenous road sections comprising a GIS thematic layer was described in detail. The above information are the basis for generating digital road traffic noise emission maps as well as being the starting point for assessing road traffic noise in the area of a city in the form of immission maps. The article additionally analyzes the results of data derived from the first phase of noise mapping in Europe, as well as familiarizing the reader with the procedure of modelling road traffic noise emission in accordance with the CNOSSOS-EU which will become binding as of 31 December 2018 throughout the European Union, and which was introduced by the provisions of the new noise directive – Directive 2015/996 of 19 May 2015.
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Mueller, Simone, and Dieter Kranzlmueller. "Self-Organising Maps for Efficient Data Reduction and Visual Optimisation of Stereoscopic based Disparity Maps." In WSCG'2022 - 30. International Conference in Central Europe on Computer Graphics, Visualization and Computer Vision'2022. Západočeská univerzita, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24132/csrn.3201.28.
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Many modern autonomous systems use disparity maps for recognition and interpretation of their environment. The depth information of these disparity maps can be utilised for point cloud generation. Real-time and high-quality processing of point clouds is necessary for reliable detection of safety-relevant issues such as barriers or obstacles in road traffic. However, quality characteristics of point clouds are influenced by properties of depth sensors and environmental conditions such as illumination, surface and texture. Quality optimisation and real-time implemen- tation can be resource intensive. Limiting the amount of data allows optimisation of real-time processing. We use Kohonen network existing self-organising maps to identify and segment salient objects in disparity maps. Kohonen networks use unsupervised learning to generate disparity maps abstracted by a small number of vectors instead of all pixels. The combination of object-specific segmentation and reduced pixel number decreases the memory and processing time towards real-time compatibility. Our results show that trained self-organising maps can be applied to disparity maps for improved runtime, reduced data volume and further processing of 3D reconstruction of salient objects.
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Tart, Rupert G. "Roads, Pads, and Access Along Gravel Free Pipeline Routes." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64103.
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In many of the major oil and gas fields in the North American Arctic, gravel is abundant and close to the production fields and the pipeline routes. In many other Arctic areas in Europe and Asia, gravel is almost non-existent. As new fields are being developed, gravel free areas are being encountered in more areas such as the National Petroleum Reserve Alaska (NPRA) and many of the Russian oil fields west and east of the Ural Mountains and into the Yamal Peninsula. Without free draining gravel, access and development of these new fields becomes more costly, more schedule sensitive, and more complicated. This paper looks at options for roads, pads, and access for developing the oil fields and building and operating the pipelines in areas where gravel deposits are sparse. Some of the options that are discussed and evaluated are using: 1. Additives to increase the strength of available fine-grained materials. 2. Ice and snow pads and roads. 3. Seasonal scheduling of construction. 4. Various road and pad surfacing options including: a) Year-around ice pads, b) Concrete pads and pavements, and c) Mats constructed of various materials. 5. Dredging and draining to obtain available sandy materials from waterways. 6. Geofabrics to contain ice rich materials placed in winter. 7. Methods for maintaining the thermal state of winter placed embankment.
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Gagliardi, Matteo, Giuseppe Oriolo, Heinrich H. Bulthoff, and Antonio Franchi. "Image-based road network clearing without localization and without maps using a team of UAVs." In 2014 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecc.2014.6862560.
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Krupowicz, Wioleta, and Katarzyna Sobolewska-Mikulska. "Possible Applications of Spatial Analyses in Designing the Agricultural Road Network with Particular Consideration of the Environmental and Landscape Aspects." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.208.
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The development of the agricultural road network is a complex activity based on a broad range of criteria necessary to be taken into account during analyses and desk studies. The analyses and design solutions cannot be unilateral, considering only technical and economic aspects. Elements of environmental protection and management of agricultural landscape, as well as solutions in the scope of protection of soils and waters are necessary in this type of design works, and result from solutions accepted for implementation in reference to the rural areas of all Member States of the European Union. Such a multi-aspect process requires the use of tools in an environment which technologically permits the development of multi-variant solutions to a given problem, and selection of a single, most appropriate proposal. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) currently constitute such an environment. Their undeniable advantages include their analytical possibilities which can be formalised in the form of developed models of spatial analyses – creating sets of new, ready to use tools supporting the decision making process in the scope of determination of the optimal course of agricultural roads. Additional advantages are the possibility of integration of data obtained from various sources, and presentation to stakeholders (e.g. residents, farmers, local authorities, entrepreneurs, and investors) of the obtained solutions in the form of maps, almost in real time, as well as possibility of making optimum decisions with their active participation. Easier access to GIS technology and systematically growing level of awareness regarding measurable benefits from the application of this type of solutions should also be emphasised. The article presents examples of spatial analyses allowing for relatively fast obtaining of spatial information necessary for efficient design-related decision making for the purpose of improvement of the system of agricultural roads with particular consideration of environmental and landscape aspects.
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Pimentel, Juliano, Robin Slater, Andrew Grant, Rune Vesterkjær, Truls Normann, Rajeev Kothari, and Johan Sandberg. "A Road Map for Renewable Energy Integration with Subsea Processing Systems." In SPE Offshore Europe Conference & Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205433-ms.
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Abstract This paper proposes a road map for the integration of renewable energy supply to power subsea processing systems. To replace the traditional power supply, like fossil fuel-based generators or grid power, a wind turbine generator (WTG) operating on a islanded mode has been introduced and discussed. A review of the state of the art of WTGs is performed, primarily focused on power and controls aspects, with identification of the main technological gaps left to achieve wind-powered subsea processing. To fully assess the renewable energy integration and current gaps, a study case is proposed which addresses a subsea compression train powered by offshore wind. A thorough analysis is conducted, with meteorological conditions based on the NCS (Norwegian Continental Shelf), where gas line packing is proposed as an innovative means of energy storage. Finally, an economic analysis as well as a CO2 emission estimate is presented to demonstrate the benefits of the proposed road map. Some further discussions and conclusions are presented as well as some propositions for future works.
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Martinčević, Ivana, Predrag Brlek, and Nives Domjan. "ROLE OF MaaS IN TOURISM." In Tourism in Southern and Eastern Europe 2021: ToSEE – Smart, Experience, Excellence & ToFEEL – Feelings, Excitement, Education, Leisure. University of Rijeka, Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/tosee.06.34.
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Purpose – The occurrence of bottlenecks, congestion, increased fuel consumption and environmental pollution are the basic problems of large urban areas, especially when it comes to tourist areas where with the local population roads are used by visitors who, during or after a stay are looking for some way of transportation. Regardless of the final destinations, the tourist activity strives to meet the needs and requirements of visitors to the maximum, so their offer must be attractive, fast and accessible at all times, as well as adaptable to changes in travel habits. With regard to the specific criteria of the local economic, social and environmental policy mobility services should be adapted to different target groups, including a unique travel option that would facilitate the stay of tourists. The aim of this paper is to: (1) explore MaaS concept (2) explore the importance and benefits of MaaS concept (3) and to explore the importance and benefits of MaaS concept in area of tourism. Methodology – In order to investigate and achieve the set goals, world and Croatian literature was used and analyzed by searching the databases such as Wos, Scopus, Google Scholar, using the search phrase ("mobility as a service” OR sustainable development) AND (“transport” OR “tourism”). For this purpose, a survey was conducted to explore the importance of MaaS in the field of tourism on the basis of which the advantages and benefits of the mentioned concept as one of the main conditions for sustainable development were analyzed. Findings – As no research has been conducted in the territory of the Republic of Croatia that investigates the application of the MaaS concept in the field of tourism and its importance and contribution to strengthening tourism, this research contributes to strengthening the awareness of individuals about this concept and its application. The intention and goal of this research was to make aware general public of the importance of the Maas concept. Although MaaS concept is a relatively new concept it takes on increasing importance; therefore, it needs to be strongly and systematically developed further. By analyzing the relevant scientific sources and based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that a strategic approach to the MaaS concept can provide a numerous of advantages and benefits. Recommendations for further research is to include data from other countries of the European Union (EU) or from neighboring countries in order to be able to compare data by specific areas. Contribution – By introducing the concept of MaaS in the segment of tourism, it opens the possibility for visitors to access a wide selection of public and private carriers through a digital platform. The trip for each user is planned separately according to the previously collected data on the demand and supply of transport services, combining them with information on the preferences of the participants themselves. Simply put, the traveler can plan, book and pay for any trip, anywhere and at any time. Simultaneous planning of tourism and transport is not an easy task because in most cases these plans diverge, but the cooperation of stakeholders of both branches is necessary for more attractive and environmentally friendly measures of sustainable mobility that ultimately affect the development of tourism. The obtained results can be used to expand the current scientific knowledge about the MaaS concept and its impact in file of tourism.
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Tarsitano, Davide, Laura Mazzola, Federico Cheli, and Ferdinando Mapelli. "Modeling of the Internal Combustion Engine by Means of Willans Line Approach for the Study of Hybrid Electric Powertrain." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36867.
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The use of road vehicles has always represented a major contribution to the growth of modern society: it facilitates goods and people mobility, meeting most of the daily needs and it represents a backbone for the development of world economy, (i.e. the industrial field). Nowadays, this mean of transportation, however, given the high number of vehicles on the roads, has a negative impact both on the environment and on the quality of human life. Moreover it leads to an increase in additional costs (i.e. the costs related to environment pollution, global warming and depletion of resources). Such a negative aspect is due to the fact that the drive systems are often characterized by high variability of the load, hence the propulsion system works in areas with low efficiencies and high pollutant emissions. In order to overcome these problems, and to allow the compliance of the road transport system with new European guidelines (i.e White paper, and Horizon 2020), it is necessary to develop innovative technologies able to: - increase the overall powertrain efficiency; - introduce a sustainable alternative fuels strategy including also the appropriate infrastructure; - reduce carbon emission through a decarbonisation approach; In this perspective, in recent years, the technology of electric and hybrid vehicles has been developed, and nowadays it has become a feasible solution in the context of means of transportation. Car/truck-makers and operators look at further developments and innovation in this field in order to optimise the existing solutions and reduce the production costs. The current solution for hybrid vehicles aims to couple a conventional engine with an electrical motor; these two propulsion system are coordinated by an opportune algorithm in order to let the conventional engine operate in its higher efficiency range. Hence the technology foresees the action of endothermic and electrical motors. It is then pivotal for the success of this transport the optimisation of the whole system (electrical and endothermic) in terms of efficiency, sizing and of the control algorithm that coordinate the two propulsion systems. For the modeling of the internal combustion engine conventional approaches, based on the numerical simulation of the combustion process, cannot be used because of their complexity in term of time needed for computing activity. For hybrid power train the general approach to simulated a drive cycle, that usually last at least a few minutes, is based on engine map approach [1–2]. The main burden to the described process is the identifications of maps of torque and consumption for the internal combustion engine, which are normally not predictable in detail, nor are provided by the manufacturers, but they can only be determined by means of experimental tests. Such a process can become extremely expensive and time consuming. Hence in this work the concept of virtual optimisation is introduced basing on the identification of torque and fuel consumption maps for internal combustion engines on analytical methods considering the similarities with engine of the same class. In this regard, a model of the system is developed based on the “Willans Line Method” approach, subsequently to a theoretical definition of the model, the identification of maps is carried out for two different engines (one diesel heavy-duty engine and one spark ignition engine) in order to consider the existing configurations of hybrid vehicles. Eventually the calculated maps are validated considering experimental data from existing experimental campaign. Providing the validity of the method and its usefulness in the hybrid vehicle design.
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Kim, Hyeong Seon. "Advanced Development of e-HMI Road Content Projection Headlamp." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-2232.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Recently, with the advancement of autonomous driving technology, the function of external lamps has been changed. Previously, the focus was on the visibility of drivers, but with the advancement of autonomous driving technology, the concept of autonomous driving systems has been developed. Accordingly, the trend of automotive lamp lighting systems has been developed in terms of design, e-HMI (exterior-human machine interface), It is developing in accordance with three major fields such as sensor connection. Therefore, this paper will cover the prior development of road content projection headlamps that enable e-HMI implementation to reflect these new trends. Since the technology is mass-produced and sold by several manufacturers, our company also needs to quickly develop and apply the technology in advance. Only four types of symbols are allowed in European law. Although it is still impossible for the symbols to be guided in the direction of progress, it is expected that they will be allowed soon as the European law discussion is actively reviewing the permission. This paper includes a detailed review for setting the symbol position of the road projection, a process for setting the light source module, reviewing development goals such as contrast ratio/equality/sharpness, and a process for reviewing formulas to establish detailed size requirements for symbols projected on the road surface. Based on this research process, we will discuss two concepts of road projection light source structure that were finally developed, and detailed projection quality of road symbols that satisfy the development goal. We will also introduce various reviewed road symbols and video scenarios.</div></div>
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Bugarčić, Filip Ž., Daiva Jurevičienė, and Nenad Janković. "The new “Silk Road”: global aspect, EU position and economic role of Serbia." In 11th International Scientific Conference „Business and Management 2020“. VGTU Technika, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2020.676.
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More active participation of China in the international economy has been recognized by European countries, trying to position their economies on the new “Silk Road” map to attract Chinese investments and increase trade volume. The paper presents previous researches and analyses the position, benefits and chances for EU and Serbia to derive positive economic effects from this initiative. The research purpose is to point out the impact of “Silk Road” on the Serbian economy. The main findings are highlighting the advantages and disadvantages using analysis of scientific literature and emphasising the increase in investments and trade volume of Serbia with China using statistical analysis for the period after the initiative started in 2013.
Reports on the topic "Roads – Europe – Maps"
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Motamed, Ramin, David McCallen, and Swasti Saxena. An International Workshop on Large-Scale Shake Table Testing for the Assessment of Soil-Foundation-Structure System Response for Seismic Safety of DOE Nuclear Facilities, A Virtual Workshop – 17-18 May 2021. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/jjvo9762.
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Aging infrastructure within the US Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) nuclear facilities poses a major challenge to their resiliency against natural phenomenon hazards. Examples of mission-critical facilities located in regions of high seismicity can be found at a number of NNSA sites including Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and the Nevada National Security Site. Most of the nation’s currently operating nuclear facilities have already reached their operating lifetime, and most currently operating nuclear power plants (NPPs) have already reached the extent of their operating license period. While the domestic demand for electrical energy is expected to grow, if currently operating NPPs do not extend their operations and additional plants are not built quickly enough to replace them, the total fraction of electrical energy generated from carbon-free nuclear power will rapidly decline. The decision to extend operation is ultimately an economic one; however, economics can often be improved through technical advancements (McCarthy et al. 2015) and research and development (R&D) activities. Similarly, the operating lifetime of the current DOE- and NNSA-owned critical infrastructure can be extended using the Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) framework to systematically identify the risk associated with designing and operating existing facilities and building new ones. Using this framework consists of several steps, including (1) system analysis considering the interaction between components, such as evaluating the soil-foundation-structure system response; and (2) assessment of areas of uncertainty. Both of these steps are essential to assessing and reducing risks to the DOE and NNSA nuclear facilities. While the risks to the DOE’s facilities are primarily due to natural hazard phenomena, data from large-scale tests of the soil-foundation-structural system response to seismic shaking is currently lacking. This workshop aimed to address these key areas by organizing an international workshop focused on advancing the seismic safety of nuclear facilities using large-scale shake table testing. As a result, this workshop, which was held virtually, brought together a select group of international experts in large-scale shake table testing from the U.S., Japan, and Europe to discuss state-of-the-art experimental techniques and emerging instrumentation technologies that can produce unique experimental data to advance knowledge in natural hazards that impact the safety of the DOE’s nuclear facilities. The generated experimental data followed by research and development activities will ultimately result in updates to ASCE 4-16, one of the primary design guides for DOE nuclear facilities per DOE-STD-1020-2016. The ultimate objective of the workshop was to develop a “road map” for the future experimental campaign and innovative instrumentations using the newly constructed DOE-funded large-scale shake table facility at the University of Nevada, Reno (UNR) as well as other large-scale shake table testing facilities. This new facility resulted from a collaborative project engagement between UNR and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. (LBNL). This report summarizes the proceedings of the workshop and highlights the key outcomes from presentations and discussions.