Dissertations / Theses: 'Roads and traffic planning'

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Yousif, Saad Yaqub. "Effect of lane changing on traffic operation for dual carriageway roads with roadworks." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370070.

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Chu, Hsing-Chung. "Implementing Truck-Only Toll Lanes at the State, Regional, and Corridor Levels: Development of a Planning Methodology." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19851.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.
Committee Chair: Dr. Michael D. Meyer; Committee Member: Dr. Adjo Amekudzi; Committee Member: Dr. Chelsea C. White; Committee Member: Dr. Laurie Garrow.

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Amoei, Khorshid. "Environmental impact of roads and traffic : a case study of Kingsway (A34), dual carriageway in south Manchester." Thesis, University of Salford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262684.

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Burger, Everardt. "Urban planning approach for improvement of road safety in suburban arterial roads of Bloemfontein city, South Africa." Thesis, [Bloemfontein?] : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/182.

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Thesis (M. Tech. (Civil Engineering)) -- Central University of Technology, free State, 2013
According to the Road Traffic Management Corporation (RTMC) of South Africa, a large number of accidents involving motor vehicles occur annually on the arterial roads passing through the suburban residential areas of the cities of South Africa. This problem warrants planning and design interventions for the reduction of vehicular accidents and the consequent improvement of road safety on these city roads. Based on this premise, an investigation was conducted to explore the major causes of vehicular accidents, and to develop a set of urban planning and design guidelines to reduce vehicular accidents in suburban arterial roads of a city and to improve the road safety appreciably. The investigation was conducted by considering the suburban areas of Bloemfontein city of Free State, South Africa as the study area. A survey research methodology was followed for this purpose, and data was collected from both primary and secondary sources. Sample surveys were conducted in four different suburban areas of the city to collect primary data and to acquire firsthand information for understanding the scenario at grassroots level. The surveys included household surveys, in order to understand the demographic, socio-economic, and perceptual infrastructural conditions of the study area and their influence on vehicular accidents; road geometrical design parameter surveys; and traffic surveys to understand the road geometry and traffic-related scenarios in the city. In addition, structured statistical data was collected from secondary sources, such as published and unpublished literature and a range of other documents. The data collected was analysed statistically to find the major control parameters influencing vehicular accidents in the suburban arterial roads, and to establish relationships between vehicular accidents and the major control parameters. Based on the analyses, a theoretical linear multiple regression model establishing relationships between the vehicular accidents as the dependent variable and vehicular traffic-related variables (speed of vehicles and average daily traffic), road geometry design variables (road width and median width), and spatial variables (land use and land form in the form of the number of access points from residential areas to arterial routes), was developed to observe the number of accidents under varied simulated scenarios. The simulated model results were employed to develop various policy scenarios to reduce accidents and to improve road safety in the study area. The investigation revealed that, under the composite scenario of the reduction of number of accesses from residential areas to arterial roads, speed, and average daily traffic along with the increase of road width and median width, the occurrence of vehicular accidents in the arterial roads of suburban areas of the city would be reduced and road safety would be improved significantly. It was also observed that residential areas with limited vehicular access from residential areas to arterial roads would have fewer vehicular accidents than residential areas having unrestricted access. Consequently, the number of access points from residential areas to arterial roads in suburban areas of the city would need to be limited, depending on the functions and land use of the area, to improve road safety.

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Garside, Simon. "Dynamic prediction of road traffic networks." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387431.

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Ayland, Nicholas D. "Automatic vehicle identification for road traffic monitoring." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254395.

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Ho, Kwok-hung Patrick, and 何國雄. "Optimization of traffic flows in road tunnels between Shatin and metropolitan area." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29958131.

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Lee, Seungjae. "Mathematical programming algorithms for equilibrium road traffic assignment." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1318036/.

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The equilibrium approach to representing interactions between the supply and demand sides of traffic assignment has been used widely in the estimation of traffic flows on road networks. Although this approach is quite reasonable, there is a considerable gap between the observed and modelled values of cost and flow. This gap can be reduced by relaxing some of the restrictive assumptions behind the models used in order to enhance their realism. This study investigates the solutions of various advanced road traffic assignment models. Priority and signal controlled junctions are modelled in traffic assignment in order to enhance the realism of junction analysis. A multiclass assignment is modelled to represent different groups of users. These problems are known to be non-separable because traffic cannot be segmented in such a way that the costs incurred by any one segment vary only with the flow within that segment. Existence, uniqueness and stability properties of solutions to these problems are investigated. These analyses are important to know the reliability and repeatability of any solutions that are calculated. Analyses of these properties lead to some guidelines for using these detailed models. A number of new solution algorithms are developed to solve the resulting traffic assignment problems. These algorithms belong to the general category of simplicial decomposition which solves the problem by dividing it into two subproblems: a linear and a master subproblem which are solved alternately. One of the advantages of these algorithms is that they operate in a lower dimensional space than that of original feasible region and hence allow large-scale problems to be solved with improved accuracy and speed of convergence. These improved algorithms give many choices to the traffic management studies. Two substantial networks have been used to compare the performance of new algorithms on the various models developed. They have performed favourably by comparison with existing algorithms. A small example network has been used to investigate existence, uniqueness and stability properties using the models. In a priority controlled model, a unique stable solution has been obtained using the model whilst in a signal controlled model, multiple and unstable solutions have been obtained. In a multiclass model, a unique solution has been obtained in terms of the total class flow whilst multiple solutions have been obtained in terms of each class flow. These results correspond well to the theoretical analyses of these models, which has shown to have indeterminate behaviour and by the nature of these models assumed, the degree of non-separability is ordered according to priority controlled, multiclass and signal controlled models.

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Adams, David Lewis. "Integrating travel time reliability into management of highways." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 52 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1459913561&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Cowburn, G. J. "Bayesian mixture modelling with application to road traffic flow." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269160.

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Pochowski, Alek L. "An analytical review of statewide roundabout programs and policies." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37285.

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As the modern roundabout continues to grow in popularity within the United States, more states are considering or implementing statewide roundabout programs and policies. To assist states with the implementation of statewide roundabout programs and policies, an analytical review of statewide roundabout programs and policies was conducted through an examination of literature, interviews, and data pertaining to the construction of roundabouts. The roundabout policy type for each state and the District of Columbia was located, and assigned to a roundabout policy type based on the strength of the identified policy type. In addition, a series of per capita analyses of the statewide roundabout policies was performed, as was a qualitative SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis. The results of the analysis show that the strength of a statewide roundabout policy is correlated to the number of roundabouts in a state, and states should consider implementing or strengthening their policies if they seek to expand the use of roundabouts in their jurisdiction. In addition, the perception of roundabouts, both by the general public and internal to the state DOTs, also continues to hinder the further implementation of roundabouts, and education should be utilized to minimize these obstacles. Furthermore, states should utilize identified successful implementation procedures, and should be cognizant of reasons for implementation failure, as they pursue the further use of roundabouts by their agency.

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Zhang, Xiaoyan. "The dynamic behaviour of road traffic flow : stability or chaos?" Thesis, Middlesex University, 1995. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/10685/.

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The objective of this thesis is to investigate the dynamic behaviour of road traffic flow based on theoretical traffic models. Three traffic models are examined: the classical car-following model which describes the variations of speeds of cars and distances between the cars on a road link, the logit-based trip assignment model which describes the variations of traffic flows on road links in a road network, and the dynamic gravity trip distribution model which describes the variations of flows between O-D pairs in an O-D network. Some dynamic analyses have been made of the car-following model in the literature (Chandler et al., 1958, Herman et al., 1959, Disbro & Frame, 1990, and Kirby and Smith, 1991). The dynamic gravity model and the logit-based trip assignment model are both suggested by Dendrinos and Sonis (1990) without detailed analysis. There is virtually no previous dynamic analysis of trip distribution, although there are some dynamic considerations of trip assignment based on other assignment models (Smith, 1984 and Horowitz, 1984). In this thesis, the three traffic models are considered as dynamical systems. The variations of traffic characteristics are investigated in the context of nonlinear dynamics. Equilibria and oscillatory behaviour are found in all three traffic models; complicated behaviour including period doubling and chaos is found in the gravity model. Values of parameters for different types of behaviour in the models are given. Conditions for the stability of equilibria in the models are established. The stability analysis of the equilibrium in the car-following model is more general here than that in the literature (Chandler et al., 1958, Herman et al., 1959). Chaotic attractors found in the gravity model are characterized by Liapunov exponents and fractal dimension. The research in this thesis aims at understanding and predicting traffic behaviour under various conditions. Traffic systems may be monitored, based on these results, to achieve a stable equilibrium and to avoid instabilities and chaos.

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Sanca, Michal. "Application of Design for Safer Urban Roads and Junctions: Selected Countermeasures." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1150.

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Road design with focus to safety has been extensively developed in last decades in Nordic and some other EU countries with the main aim to achieve a decrease in a number of accidents and fatalities on the roads. These countries gained many valuable experiences, but they had to sacrifice great effort, expenses, and time to reach the present art-of-state. The purpose of the Master’s Thesis is to review some design approaches with focus to safety and discuss the general way that they may be applied.

The Master’s Thesis studies safety in three levels: (i) general - design standards, national safety policies and road hierarchy; (ii) local authority and road administrator; and (iii) three specific safety countermeasures - junctions, pedestrian crossings and traffic calming.

The first part of Master’s Thesis describes the general road design standards background and their art of state. Furthermore, it discusses the new approaches in road design standard such as Dutch classification of road standards. Safety policies and programs are discussed and the concept of human imperfection is explained. Road safety policy and road hierarchy in Sweden and Denmark is described.

The second part is devoted to the planning process on local authority and road administrator level. The phases of planning process are described. Special attention is paid to ranking process when choosing most effective countermeasures, next to black spot programs and also to public attitudes to safety countermeasures.

The focus of the last part is in specific designs for safer road environment. There are discussed three groups of road facilities and countermeasures; unctions, pedestrian crossings and traffic calming. The cost, effectiveness, suitability, possible side effects and other properties of individual types of countermeasures are discussed.

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Seiler, Andreas. "The toll of the automobile : wildlife and roads in Sweden /." Uppsala : Dept. of Conservation Biology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/s295.pdf.

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Ibrahim, Kamarulzaman Bin. "Bayesian techniques for the evaluation of road traffic safety measures : an application to small roundabouts." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.480602.

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Akhtar, Muhammad Nadeem. "An urban design approach to traffic management : a case study of circular road area in Lahore, Pakistan /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25796641.

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Martin, Jasmine A. "The Relationship between Bicycles and Traffic Safety for All Road Users." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1347.

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Over the past twenty years bicycle use as a mode of transportation has grown considerably in the United States. Other studies have examined the individual bicyclist’s risk in proportion to the growth in cycling across cities, a phenomenon referred to as ‘safety in numbers.’ This study expands from that research and examines the effect of cyclists on road safety for all road users. The study examines the roles of bicycle modal split, a city wide analysis, and bicycle infrastructure, a site based analysis, in road safety outcomes. For the city based analysis, twenty years of crash data in 12 California cities were analyzed over a 20 year period. This study primarily used census data and State wide Integrated Traffic Records System (SWITRS) data. This study concludes that as bicycle modal split increases in a city, the traffic fatalities tend to decrease and the relationship is an exponential function. The site based analysis focuses on the effects of installing a bicycle lane on a street and examined its effect on injury crashes. 20 sites in San Francisco, CA that had bike lanes installed on them were compared to 25 control group sites, also in San Francisco, that did not have any bike lanes or other significant changes. An Empirical Bayes method of analysis was done to test its effects and determined that the effects were statistically significant.

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Law, See-hon, and 羅思翰. "Implementing control on road traffic noise in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31252928.

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Engblom, Mikael. "Planläggning av cirkulationsplatser ur ett säkerhetsperspektiv : En fallstudie av cirkulationsplatser i Gävle." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Samhällsbyggnad, GIS, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-22552.

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Planläggning av cirkulationsplatser har blivit ett vanligt inslag i en mängd olika städer världen över för att lösa farliga situationer som kan uppstå i traditionella fyrvägskorsningar. Detta eftersom bilisternas hastighet hålls låg i en cirkulationsplats jämfört med en vanlig fyrvägskorsning vilket i sin tur leder till mindre allvarliga olyckor. Är de oskyddade trafikanternas säkerhetsfördelar vid en cirkulationsplats lika tydliga? Syftet med studien är att undersöka utformningen av trafikmiljöer, med fokus på fotgängares och cyklisters säkerhet i anslutning till cirkulationsplatser. Jag har sett på vilka säkerhetshöjande aspekter som bör tas i beaktande för oskyddade trafikanter. Frågeställningarna i arbetet är - Vilka för- och nackdelar för oskyddade trafikanter finns det med planläggning och konstruktion av cirkulationsplatser? - Vilka säkerhetsaspekter tas i beaktande vid cirkulationsplatser? Forskningen baserar sig på en kvalitativ metod. Datainsamlingsmetoder som använts är observation, intervju och kvalitativ textanalys. I undersökningen deltog tre planerare från Gävle, Eskilstuna och Västerås. I undersökningen lyfts säkerhetsaspekter, samt för- och nackdelar fram som de undersökta kommunerna utgår ifrån i planläggningen av cirkulationsplatser och övergångsställen. I resultatet kan konstateras att det med snabba och relativt enkla metoder och åtgärder är möjligt att förbättra fotgängares och cyklisters säkerhet på passager vid cirkulationsplatser.
Planning of roundabouts have become a common feature in various cities around the world to resolve dangerous situations that may occur in traditional four-way intersections. This is because the motorists’ speed is lower in a roundabout compared to a standard four-way intersection, which leads to less severe accidents. Are vulnerable road users safety benefits at a roundabout as clear? The purpose of the study is to examine the design of traffic environments, with a focus on pedestrian and cyclists’ safety in connection to roundabouts. I have seen on the safety aspects that should be taken into consideration for pedestrians and cyclists. The research questions in my study are: - What are the advantages and disadvantages of vulnerable road users with planning and construction of roundabouts? - Which safety aspects are taken into consideration in roundabouts? The research is based on a qualitative approach. Data collection methods used are observation, interview and qualitative text analysis. The study included three planners from Gävle, Eskilstuna and Västerås. The highlighted safety aspects, advantages and disadvantages presented by the surveyed municipalities proceed from with planning of roundabouts and pedestrian crossings. In the result it can be stated that with fast and relatively simple methods and steps are possible to improve pedestrian and cyclist safety on crossings at roundabouts.

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Galiläer, Peter. "Trassierung von Straßenverkehrsanlagen mit der Finiten Elemente Methode." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-33414.

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Für die Trassierung von Straßenverkehrsanlagen hat sich neben anderen Methoden die Verwendung von Biegelinealen als vorteilhaft erwiesen und vor über 50 Jahren etabliert. Inzwischen hat der Einsatz moderner Entwurfssoftware in den Straßenbauverwaltungen und Planungsbüros das Biegelineal trotz seiner Vorteile aus der Praxis verdrängt. Keines der Entwurfsprogramme legt das strukturmechanische Prinzip des Biegelineals zugrunde, da die Verformungen des zu Trassierungszwecken ausgelegten Biegelineals nicht exakt berechnet werden können. An diesem Punkt setzt die vorliegende Arbeit an, sie umgeht das Problem auf numerischem Wege unter Anwendung der Finiten Elemente Methode (FEM). So lassen sich über Strukturanalysen die Verformungen einer um seine Hauptträgheitsachsen punktuell ausgelenkten, prismatischen Balkenstruktur mit doppeltsymmetrischem Querschnitt berechnen. Mit der Analyseantwort ergeben sich insbesondere die dreidimensionalen Koordinaten einer Punktfolge, welche die Biegelinie quasiexakt repräsentiert. Die dreidimensionale Biegelinie setzt sich aus einer Achse und einer Gradiente zusammen und ist im Rahmen der Vorplanung geeignet, eine richtliniengerechte Straßenverkehrsanlage zu erzeugen. Das Untersuchungsergebnis stellt eine neuartige Grundlage für ein dreidimensionales Trassierungsverfahren dar, bei dem ein mathematisch modelliertes Biegelineal im Digitalen Geländemodell (DGM) verformt wird.

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Twagirimana, Janvier. "Establishing and applying speed-flow relationships for traffic on rural two-lane two- way highways in the Western Cape." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85825.

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Thesis (MScEng)-- Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Speed-flow-density relationships are the most useful tools in the highway design and planning process. They are useful in predicting the roadway capacity, in determining the adequate level-of-service of traffic flow and in determining travel time for a given roadway. Two-lane two-way rural highways constitute the vast majority of the rural road network in South Africa. Nowadays in the Western Cape and other provinces of South Africa, the speed-flow-density relationships normally used for rural transportation studies are derived from the Highway Capacity Manual, which reflects the traffic conditions in the North American situation. Since the North American traffic conditions may be different from the South African conditions, a need to investigate speed-flow-density relationships on these highways in South Africa arises in order to justify any investment made on these roads. In this context, a video technique was used to collect traffic flow data during morning peak hours on two rural two-lane two-way highways in the Western Cape Province in order to investigate these relationships. Through the use of Adobe premiere C.S 6 software, travel time of individual vehicles and distance headways were measured and used in computation of average speed and average density. Several researchers have developed models to describe the relationships between traffic characteristics on uninterrupted flow facilities. In this study, some of these models were tested using collected data in order to investigate which model fits the data satisfactorily. Statistical methods were used to evaluate the ability of each model to predict the flow characteristics over the whole range of data. Average speed and density data were used through regression analysis to perform curve fitting and testing of these developed models. In the next stage, the model which provided a best representation of the data on each section was selected and through the application of the steady-state equation (2.1), flow-density and speed-flow relationships were established on these sections. The available data were also used to investigate the impact the observation time has on the speed-flow curve and the resulting capacity value. Finally, the developed speed-flow curves were used to determine the capacities of the study sections. These capacity values were used to determine if the shoulder usage contributes in increasing the capacity of two-lane two-way highways by comparing them to the capacity provided by HCM.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Spoed-vloei-digtheid verhoudings is baie handig in die beplanning en ontwerp van paaie. Dit kan ook gebruik word in die voorspelling van kapasiteit, diensvlak en reistyd. Twee-laan twee-rigting paaie maak die grootste deel van die Suid-Afrikaanse padnetwerk uit en vir die beplanning daarvan word van Amerikaanse spoed-vloei-digtheid verhoudings gebruik gemaak aangesien daar nog nie voorheen ‘n studie hiervan in SA gemaak is nie. Video-opnames is gebruik om verkeersvloeidata op twee paaie in die omgewing van Stellenbosch te versamel. Die reistyd en digtheid van individuele voertuie is tydens spitstye waargeneem. Die data is gebruik om te bepaal watter modelle die beste is om die spoed-vloei-digtheid verhoudings vir hierdie paaie te modelleer. Die beste modelle is dan gebruik om die kapasiteit van die paaie te bepaal en dit te vergelyk met die Amerikaanse waardes.

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Nåfält, Gustav, and Mattias Tunholm. "Road Network Analysis based on Route Set Generation." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-168101.

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This thesis proposes an analysing tool that makes use of route set generation to perform road network analysis that can be used in both transport planning and traffic management analysis. The input to the tool is a routable road network and a geographical zoning system and the route set generation is performed on all Origin-Destination (OD) -pairs of the zoning system. The tool was implemented using a simplification of Stockholms road network and a zoning system defined by the Swedish Transport Administration. The result shows that a route set generation-based tool can provide support in both transport planning and traffic management, and that the procedure provides results within a reasonable amount of time. The tool provides both a general analysis of the road network, and a link capacity reduction analysis. In the latter, the proportion of affected destinations and mean travel time deterioration for each OD-zone work as metrics of how the zones are affected by the capacity reduction. Transport planners can use the tool to present the betweenness centrality, the proportion of affected destinations and the mean travel time deterioration, all of which are metrics that can be used to evaluate the potential need for new infrastructure. Traffic managers can use the proportion of affected destinations and the mean travel time deterioration as metrics that can be used to identify zones that are affected by a road capacity reduction. The betweenness centrality of the best alternative route can be used to support traffic diversion for a specific zone.

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Pinho, Maria Manuela Aguiar dos Santos. "O nó rodoviário da Afurada em Vila Nova de Gaia : a trajectória recente de um processo de catálise urbana." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Letras, 2000. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29307.

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A presente dissertação debruça-se sobre a formação e configuração da "cidade difusa" que caracteriza a aglomeração urbana do Porto e o modo como se manifesta no território analisando, por um lado, os factores indutores dessa dispersão e, por outro, reconhecendo os efeitos de catálise urbana produzidos pelo enclave de estruturas urbanas de excepção (após década de 60). Escolheu-se para estudo de cas, a mancha difusa envolvente do nó rodoviário da Afurada, em Vila Nova de Gaia, tornando assim mais clara, a articulação das questões morfológicas e funcionais com os tecidos que compõem este território, tendo sempre presente as questões de acessibilidade e mobicilidade acrescidas que tanto o nó rodoviário como as vias estruturantes metropolitanas introduziram naquele local. Reconhecemos, assim, que efeitos de centralidade e nucleação urbana revelam-se potenciais intensificadores dos processos de transformação urbana e da sua vasta e benéfica diversidade.

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Pinho, Maria Manuela Aguiar dos Santos. "O nó rodoviário da Afurada em Vila Nova de Gaia : a trajectória recente de um processo de catálise urbana." Master's thesis, Porto : [Edição do Autor], 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/18487.

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A presente dissertação debruça-se sobre a formação e configuração da "cidade difusa" que caracteriza a aglomeração urbana do Porto e o modo como se manifesta no território analisando, por um lado, os factores indutores dessa dispersão e, por outro, reconhecendo os efeitos de catálise urbana produzidos pelo enclave de estruturas urbanas de excepção (após década de 60). Escolheu-se para estudo de cas, a mancha difusa envolvente do nó rodoviário da Afurada, em Vila Nova de Gaia, tornando assim mais clara, a articulação das questões morfológicas e funcionais com os tecidos que compõem este território, tendo sempre presente as questões de acessibilidade e mobicilidade acrescidas que tanto o nó rodoviário como as vias estruturantes metropolitanas introduziram naquele local. Reconhecemos, assim, que efeitos de centralidade e nucleação urbana revelam-se potenciais intensificadores dos processos de transformação urbana e da sua vasta e benéfica diversidade.

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Karim, Hawzheen. "Road Design for Future Maintenance : Life-cycle Cost Analyses for Road Barriers." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Vägteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-5474.

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The cost of a road construction over its service life is a function of design, quality of construction as well as maintenance strategies and operations. An optimal life-cycle cost for a road requires evaluations of the above mentioned components. Unfortunately, road designers often neglect a very important aspect, namely, the possibility to perform future maintenance activities. Focus is mainly directed towards other aspects such as investment costs, traffic safety, aesthetic appearance, regional development and environmental effects. This doctoral thesis presents the results of a research project aimed to increase consideration of road maintenance aspects in the planning and design process. The following subgoals were established: Identify the obstacles that prevent adequate consideration of future maintenance during the road planning and design process; and Examine optimisation of life-cycle costs as an approach towards increased efficiency during the road planning and design process. The research project started with a literature review aimed at evaluating the extent to which maintenance aspects are considered during road planning and design as an improvement potential for maintenance efficiency. Efforts made by road authorities to increase efficiency, especially maintenance efficiency, were evaluated. The results indicated that all the evaluated efforts had one thing in common, namely ignorance of the interrelationship between geometrical road design and maintenance as an effective tool to increase maintenance efficiency. Focus has mainly been on improving operating practises and maintenance procedures. This fact might also explain why some efforts to increase maintenance efficiency have been less successful. An investigation was conducted to identify the problems and difficulties, which obstruct due consideration of maintainability during the road planning and design process. A method called “Change Analysis” was used to analyse data collected during interviews with experts in road design and maintenance. The study indicated a complex combination of problems which result in inadequate consideration of maintenance aspects when planning and designing roads. The identified problems were classified into six categories: insufficient consulting, insufficient knowledge, regulations and specifications without consideration of maintenance aspects, insufficient planning and design activities, inadequate organisation and demands from other authorities. Several urgent needs for changes to eliminate these problems were identified. One of the problems identified in the above mentioned study as an obstacle for due consideration of maintenance aspects during road design was the absence of a model for calculating life-cycle costs for roads. Because of this lack of knowledge, the research project focused on implementing a new approach for calculating and analysing life-cycle costs for roads with emphasis on the relationship between road design and road maintainability. Road barriers were chosen as an example. The ambition is to develop this approach to cover other road components at a later stage. A study was conducted to quantify repair rates for barriers and associated repair costs as one of the major maintenance costs for road barriers. A method called “Case Study Research Method” was used to analyse the effect of several factors on barrier repairs costs, such as barrier type, road type, posted speed and seasonal effect. The analyses were based on documented data associated with 1625 repairs conducted in four different geographical regions in Sweden during 2006. A model for calculation of average repair costs per vehicle kilometres was created. Significant differences in the barrier repair costs were found between the studied barrier types. In another study, the injuries associated with road barrier collisions and the corresponding influencing factors were analysed. The analyses in this study were based on documented data from actual barrier collisions between 2005 and 2008 in Sweden. The result was used to calculate the cost for injuries associated with barrier collisions as a part of the socio-economic cost for road barriers. The results showed significant differences in the number of injuries associated with collisions with different barrier types. To calculate and analyse life-cycle costs for road barriers a new approach was developed based on a method called “Activity-based Life-cycle Costing”. By modelling uncertainties, the presented approach gives a possibility to identify and analyse factors crucial for optimising life-cycle costs. The study showed a great potential to increase road maintenance efficiency through road design. It also showed that road components with low investment costs might not be the best choice when including maintenance and socio-economic aspects. The difficulties and problems faced during the collection of data for calculating life-cycle costs for road barriers indicated a great need for improving current data collecting and archiving procedures. The research focused on Swedish road planning and design. However, the conclusions can be applied to other Nordic countries, where weather conditions and road design practices are similar. The general methodological approaches used in this research project may be applied also to other studies.

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Wood, Nicholas Stephen. "Assessing the marginal cost of freeway congestion for vehicle fleets using passive GPS speed data." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34798.

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This thesis examines the marginal cost of congested travel to a variety of businesses by observing time spent in congestion and estimating excess labor costs based upon the relevant value of time. The fleets in the scoping study represented commercial deliveries of goods and services, government agencies, and transit systems. Observations on limited-access expressways within the 13-county Atlanta metropolitan region were used in the analysis. Vehicles were monitored by using a passive GPS assembly that transmitted speed and location data in real-time to an off-site location. Installation and operation during the observation period required no interaction from the driver. Over 217 hours of good freeway movement during 354 vehicle-days was recorded. Rates of delay, expressed as a unit of lost minutes per mile traveled, were calculated by taking the difference in speeds observed during congestion from an optimal free-flow speed of 45 mph and dividing that by the distance traveled per segment. The difference between the 50th and 95th percentile delay rates was used as the measure for travel unreliability. Daily average values of extra time needed per fleet vehicle to ensure on-time arrivals were derived, and the median buffer across all fleets was 1.65 hours of added time per vehicle. Weekly marginal costs per fleet vehicle were estimated by factoring in the corresponding driver wages or hourly operation costs (for transit fleets). Equivalent toll rates were calculated by multiplying the 95th percentile delay rate by the hourly costs. The equivalent toll per mile traveled was representative of an equal relationship between the marginal costs of congestion experienced and a hypothetical state of free-flow travel (under first-best rules of marginal cost pricing). The median equivalent toll rates across all fleets was $0.43 per mile for weekday mornings, $0.13 per mile for midday weekdays, $0.53 per mile for afternoon weekdays and $0.01 per mile for weekday nights and weekends.

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Ivanchev, Jordan [Verfasser], Alois [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Knoll, and P. Christopher [Gutachter] Zegras. "Analysis, Planning, Control and Surveillance of Traffic Performance Defining Components for Robust, Sustainable and Efficient Road Transportation Systems / Jordan Ivanchev ; Gutachter: P. Christopher Zegras, Alois Knoll ; Betreuer: Alois Knoll." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1139843826/34.

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Långström, Stina, and Emilia Fridsäll. "Optimizing traffic flow on congested roads." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254936.

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Traffic congestion is a common problem in larger cities. Time consuming queues affects both the humans and the environment. This report investigate show to improve the traffic flow in a future scenario where only autonomous vehicles are present. The methodology was to construct traffic networks on routes where congestion is a problem. This was done with three different Stockholm routes. The networks were transformed into graphs and then the maximal flow was calculated by Edmond Karp’s flow algorithm. The result proves that this type of route planning is a concept that can be used in future studies to decrease congestion. This is due to the fact that the flow increase was much larger than both the increase in travelled distance and time.
Trafikstockning är ett vanligt förekommande problem i större städer. Tidskrävande köer påverkar både människan och miljön. I denna rapport studeras hur man kan förbättra trafikflödet i ett framtida scenario där endast automatiserade fordon är tillgängliga. Metoden var att konstruera ett nätverk utav vägar där trängsel är ett problem. Detta gjordes för tre olika rutter i Stockholm. Nätverken transformerades sedan till grafer och det maximala flödet beräknades med hjälp av Edmond Karps flödesalgoritm. Resultatet visar på att denna typ av ruttoptimering skulle kunna användas i framtida studier för att minska trafikstockning i och med att flödesökningen var betydligt större än både ökningen i avstånd och tid.

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Campbell, Meredith L. "Determining the safety of urban arterial roads." Link to electronic thesis, 2004. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0429104-144326.

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Vlahos, Evdokia Dimitrios. "Development of a rating system for the conversion of an all-way stop controlled intersection to a roundabout." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 3.32 Mb., 184 p, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1435869.

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Chen, Lan Wilson. "A study of the Hong Kong government's policy on noise mitigation for public roads in the 1990's." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18678099.

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Chevrolet, Dominique. "Deux études de transport urbain : ordonnancement des phases d'un carrefour, modèles désagrégés de déplacements dans l'agglomération grenobloise." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1986. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00321160.

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La première partie de la thèse est consacrée au problème de la gestion des feux tricolore d'un carrefour, et la deuxième partie s'inscrit dans le cadre plus général de la modélisation des déplacements urbains

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Lee, Jinsun. "Econometric analysis of the effect of roadway geometric and roadside features on run-off-roadway accident frequencies and severities /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10130.

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Han, Sangjin. "Dynamic traffic assignment techniques for general road networks." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1349430/.

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Dynamic traffic assignment is widely recognised as being more useful to evaluate traffic management measures than is static counterpart, as it allows us to analyse how congestion forms and dissipates in time-varying conditions. In this thesis, both deterministic and stochastic dynamic assignments are modelled with a proper link performance function, and solved with efficient solution algorithms so that they give rise to high quality solutions. A deterministic dynamic assignment is formulated in the form of variational inequality and solved by a route-based solution algorithm which intrinsically respects correct flow propagation. Similarly a stochastic dynamic assignment is formulated in the form of variational inequality, but solved with a link-based algorithm with an explanation on how to maintain correct flow propagation in this solution approach. In particular, both solution algorithms are developed in a way that we can find optimal solutions efficiently without direct evaluation of an objective function, based on the interpolation method. In both dynamic assignment techniques, the deterministic queuing model is adopted as the basis of the link performance function. This model is suitable to describe the relationship between inflows, outflows, and travel costs for a link in time-varying conditions because it respects all requirements for dynamic traffic modelling such as traffic conservation, the FIFO discipline, correct flow propagation, and causality. Finally, application of both dynamic assignment techniques to several test networks, including a medium-size network with 24 nodes and 76 links, shows that a proper way of associating costs with flows in discrete time is crucial to the calculation of plausible dynamic assignments.

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Strömgren, Per. "Modelling of Traffic Performance for Swedish Roads and Motorways." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Transportplanering, ekonomi och teknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-185930.

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This thesis consists of five scientific articles oriented towards capacity. Managing capacity constraints with associated delays is a big issue at new design as well as at trimming existing traffic facilities. In larger Swedish cities these challenges have become more and more important as a result of growing traffic demand due to rapid population increase.Models for estimating capacity and delay are available, but not many are calibrated for Swedish conditions due to the high effort required. This thesis documents development and calibration of new models for motorway links, entry and exit lanes and weaving areas and an developed space-time model with the ability to calculate queue length, delay, etc.The first article is focused on identifying weaknesses in the former Swedish capacity method for motorways, and development of new models overcoming these shortcomings. The development includes new models for jam density at queue, capacity in weaving areas and fundamental flow-density relationships for 15 different highway types for inclusion in the new Swedish capacity manual.The second article describes the development of a Swedish motorway space-time model to estimate travel times and queues in oversaturated conditions based on the American FREEVAL model in Highway Capacity Manual 2010 (HCM 2010). Calibration and validation of the model has been performed with data from the Motorway Control System (MCS) in Stockholm. A good correspondence was obtained for most cases, but further calibration and validation efforts are required for entry and exit lanes.The third article describes further development of the intersection model in the Swedish microscopic model “Rural Traffic Simulator (RuTSim). This is a continuation of the work documented in the author’s licentiate thesis published in 2002. The development focused on simulation of intersections using a new concept on lane use not included in the old RuTSim model. The model describes Swedish rural intersections with flared approaches providing a non-discreet lane use due to vehicle types in queue. New data for calibration and validation data was also generated. The validation results showed good correspondence between simulated and empirical delay results. The new intersection model is now implemented in RuTSim, providing new tools for estimation of capacity, delay and queue length already included in Swedish guidelines and capacity manuals/software (Capcal).The fourth article describes the development of a new capacity model for roadwork zones. Focus is on the resulting capacity of one lane due to several reduction factors. These factors include impacts of closed road shoulders, reduction of number of lanes, diversion of traffic to the opposite carriageway, commuting traffic, length of work zone, lane width and type of road work. The first two correction factors were successfully validated in a full-scale test on the E6 motorway in Gothenburg.The fifth article describes development and implementation of a new harmonization algorithm for MCS systems on motorways designed to increase bottleneck capacity and throughput. Two different models were developed, one of which was implemented in the existing MCS system on E4 Södertäljevägen south of Stockholm. Full-scale trials were carried out with a model based on trigger levels in terms of flow. The second model based on the difference in the variance of speed during two following time periods was tested offline also with very good results.

QC 20160429

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Coelho, Renato Schattan Pereira 1987. "Simulação de multidões e planejamento probabilístico para otimização dos tempos de semáforos." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/275643.

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Orientadores: Siome Klein Goldenstein, Jacques Wainer
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T23:53:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Coelho_RenatoSchattanPereira_M.pdf: 864445 bytes, checksum: 8f57902047a23925af4b81fa0d7f3188 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: O trânsito é um problema cada vez maior nas cidades, consumindo recursos e agravando a poluição; em São Paulo perdem-se cerca de R$33 bilhões por ano por causa do trânsito. Neste trabalho de mestrado desenvolvemos um sistema que une as áreas de simulação de multidões e planejamento probabilístico para otimizar semáforos de tempo fixo. Essas duas áreas apresentam algoritmos que permitem soluções eficientes para os problemas, mas a sua aplicação ainda depende largamente da intervenção de especialistas no problema a ser estudado, seja descrevendo o problema de planejamento probabilístico, seja interpretando os dados devolvidos pelo simulador. Nosso sistema diminui essa dependência ao utilizar autômatos celulares para simular o tráfego e gerar informações que são então utilizadas para descrever o problema de planejamento probabilístico. Com isso podemos: (i) reduzir a necessidade de coleta de dados, que passam a ser gerados pelo simulador e (ii) produzir bons planos para o controle de semáforos de tempo fixo sem que seja necessária a intervenção de especialistas para a análise dos dados. Nos dois testes realizados a solução proposta pelo sistema diminuiu o tempo médio de percurso em 18:51% e 13:51%, respectivamente
Abstract: Traffic is an ever increasing problem, draining resources and aggravating pollution. In Sao Paulo, for instance, financial losses caused by traffic represent a sum of about R$33 billions a year. In this work we've developed a system that puts together the areas of Crowd Simulation and Probabilistic Planning to optimize fixed time traffic lights. Although both areas present good algorithms their use is limited by their reliance on specialists, whether to describe the probabilistic planning problem or to analyze the data produced by the simulations. Our approach contributes to minimize this dependence by using cellular automata simulations to generate the data that is used to describe the probabilistic planning problem. This allows us to: (i) reduce the amount of data collection, since the data is now generated by the simulator and (ii) produce good policies for fixed time traffic light control without the intervention of specialists to analyze the data. In the two tests performed the solution proposed by the system was able to reduce travel times by 18:51% and 13:51%, respectively
Mestrado
Ciência da Computação
Mestre em Ciência da Computação

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Karjala, Sarah Renee. "Estimating quality of traffic flow on two-lane highways." Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/karjala/KarjalaS0808.pdf.

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Since the publication of the 2000 Highway Capacity Manual (HCM), there have been several studies that indicate that the HCM equations for Percent Time-Spent- Following (PTSF) on two-lane highways do not correspond to field-based measurements. This discrepancy was the motivation for this research project. The purpose of this project was two-fold. First, it aimed to find an alternative performance measure to PTSF that could be measured directly in the field and could adequately describe the quality of traffic flow. Secondly, the project aimed to investigate the inter-vehicular interaction between consecutive vehicles traveling on the same lane of two-lane rural highways. Both studies were empirical in nature and utilized field data gathered from rural two-lane and four-lane highways in the state of Montana. Six performance measures for two-lane highways were investigated; they were: average travel speed, average travel speed of passenger cars, average travel speed as a percent of free-flow speed, average travel speed of passenger cars as a percent of free-flow speed of passenger cars, percent followers, and follower density. The performance measures were evaluated based on their level of association with major platooning variables. Among all performance measures investigated, follower density and percent followers exhibited the highest correlation to platooning variables, respectively. Overall, follower density was recommended as the best performance measure for two-lane highways. Based on the fact that follower density is a headway-based service measure, the second study aimed to achieve a better understanding of car-following interaction on two-lane rural highways. Car-following interaction was studied by examining headway distributions, speed-headway relationships, and percent followers and flow relationships. The study found that car-following interaction generally ceases when headways exceed a value of approximately six seconds. Also, a significant proportion of drivers choose to maintain relatively short headways while following other vehicles on two-lane highways regardless of passing restrictions.

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Rescot, Robert Andrew. "Automating traffic studies at modern roundabouts a feasibility study /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5025.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on May 12, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.

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Tapani, Andreas. "Traffic Simulation Modelling of Rural Roads and Driver Assistance Systems." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-12428.

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Microscopic traffic simulation has proven to be a useful tool for analysis of varioustraffic systems. This thesis consider microscopic traffic simulation of rural roads andthe use of traffic simulation for evaluation of driver assistance systems. A traffic simulation modelling framework for rural roads, the Rural Traffic Simulator(RuTSim), is developed. RuTSim is designed for simulation of traffic on singlecarriageway two-lane rural roads and on rural roads with separated oncoming trafficlanes. The simulated traffic may be interrupted by vehicles entering and leaving themodelled road at intersections or roundabouts. The RuTSim model is applied for analysis of rural road design alternatives.Quality-of-service effects of three alternatives for oncoming lane separation of anexisting Swedish two-lane road are analysed. In another model application, RuTSimis used to simulate traffic on a Dutch two-lane rural road. This application illustratesthat the high level of model detail of traffic micro-simulation may call for use of differentmodelling assumptions regarding driver behaviour for different applications,e. g. for simulation of traffic in different cultural regions. The use of traffic simulation for studies of driver assistance systems facilitateimpact analyses already at early stages of the system development. New and additionalrequirements are however then placed on the traffic simulation model. It isnecessary to model both the system functionality of the considered driver assistancesystem and the driver behaviour in system equipped vehicles. Such requirements canbe analysed using RuTSim. In this thesis, requirements on a traffic simulation model to be used for analysisof road safety effects of driver assistance systems are formulated and investigatedusing RuTSim. RuTSim is also applied for analyses of centre line rumble stripson two-lane roads, of an overtaking assistant and of adaptive cruise control. Thesestudies establish that the assumptions made regarding driver behaviour are crucialfor traffic simulation based analyses of driver assistance systems.

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Barbosa, Heloisa Maria. "Impacts of traffic calming measures on speeds on urban roads." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1995. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2580/.

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The main objective of this research was to improve the understanding of drivers’ behaviour while negotiating traffic calming measures, through the study of the impacts of these measures on speeds. A case study was conducted in the City of York focusing on speed humps (flat-topped and round-topped), speed cushions and chicanes implemented in sequence. Data collection was conducted at three calibration and three validation sites with vehicles’ passing times simultaneously recorded at 16 points along the links. From these data a speed profile for each individual vehicle could be derived. The influence of various combinations of traffic calming measures on speeds of unimpeded cars and vans was evaluated through those speed profiles, and through acceleration profiles deduced from speed profiles. The investigation of the hypotheses established from the analyses of speed and acceleration profiles gave insights into specific issues such as the consistency of crossing speeds, the additive effect of subsequent measures, the acceleration and deceleration rates associated with individual measures and travel times along calmed links. The knowledge acquired from these analyses was applied to the formulation of a speed profile model. To describe drivers’ behaviour along traffic calmed links an empirical model was developed using multiple regression analysis techniques based on data collected at the calibration sites. Speeds along calmed links were described as a function of the input speed, the type of measure and the distance between measures. The speed profile model was shown to be a good representation for the data from the calibration sites. It efficiently predicted speeds of unimpeded vehicles over a given combination of traffic calming measures in sequence. The validation process also indicated that the model provided a good representation of the observed profiles at these sites, with the exception of the prediction of the effects of the chicanes on speeds. This type of measure was shown to produce diverse impacts on speeds which depended on the detailed design. While the model is a useful design tool, recommendations have been made for further enhancement to it.

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Boddapati, Pavani. "Comparative study of type 2 crossovers and median u-turns." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5676.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 10, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.

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Böhm, Annette, Magnus Jonsson, and Elisabeth Uhlemann. "Adaptive Cooperative Awareness Messaging for Enhanced Overtaking Assistance on Rural Roads." Högskolan i Halmstad, Centrum för forskning om inbyggda system (CERES), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-16467.

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Cooperative traffic safety applications such as lane change or overtaking assistance have the potential to reduce the number of road fatalities. Many emerging traffic safety applications are based on IEEE 802.11p and periodic position messages, so-called cooperative awareness messages (CAM) being broadcasted by all vehicles. In Europe, ETSI defines a periodic report rate of 2 Hz for CAMs. Although a high report rate is the key to early hazard detection, the 2 Hz rate has been chosen to avoid congestion in settings where the vehicle density is high, e.g., on major highways and in urban scenarios. However, on rural roads with a limited number of communicating vehicles, a report rate of 2 Hz leads to unnecessary delay in cooperative awareness. By adapting the CAM report rate depending on the specific application and road traffic density, and by making use of the priority levels provided by the 802.11p quality of service mechanism, we show that hazards can be detected earlier and the available bandwidth is used more efficiently, while not overexploiting the network resources.

©2011 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.

Category number CFP11VTF-ART; Code 87844

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Kang, Kyeong-Pyo. "Development of optimal control strategies for freeway work zone operations." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3822.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (145-155). Also available online via the Digital Repository at the University of Maryland website (https://drum.umd.edu/).

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Long, Todd Ivey. "The use of traffic control measures in the prevention of through traffic movement on residential streets." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19153.

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Hine, Julian Paul. "Traffic barriers : the impact of traffic on pedestrian behaviour." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1310.

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Norris, Shaun Peter. "The adequacy of traffic control measures during road works." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/11520.

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Workers have the right to a safe working environment. This right is encapsulated in the Bill of Rights (1996) wherein strong emphasis is placed on the right to a healthy and safe work environment. The construction industry has been labeled as dangerous owing to regular incidents, serious accidents, and fatalities. Road workers’ safety is at high risk in road construction areas, as they perform their work activities alongside moving vehicles that are often large and sometimes moving at high speed. It was determined that very few secondary sources provided information regarding the safety of South African road construction workers. Therefore, the knowledge obtained from this study contributes to the body of knowledge on the subject matter. To collect data, three descriptive surveys were conducted on two different road construction projects within the Eastern Cape. The survey participants included engineering consultants, contractors, traffic safety officers, general road construction workers, as well as random motorists driving through the work zone. Further data was collected from a speed measuring instrument placed in the work zone of the Port Elizabeth. The findings of this research report indicate that road users are not cognizant of the risk to workers in the work zone and that signage and advance warning signs alone are not sufficient to slow motorists’ speed. A further significant threat to road worker safety, is plant operator visibility. This study recommends that government and construction firms educate the public regarding the risks associated with speeding through a work zone. Construction firms should use electronic speed measuring devices prior to the work zone to make road users aware of their speed in relation to the speed limit. To limit plant related accidents, companies should install sensors or cameras on the rear and side panels of plant, so that plant operators have all round vision. Furthermore, road workers could be educated on the controlled use of their mobile phones to reduce the risks associated with the use of mobile phones inside work zones.

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Oner, Erdinc. "A SIMULATION APPROACH TO MODELING TRAFFIC IN CONSTRUCTION ZONES." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1108146637.

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MacDonald, Gary Douglas. "Modelling the effects on traffic of area-wide traffic-calming." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245708.

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Li, Yiu-man. "MPA dissertation : an analysis of the policy on the control of road-opening works in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17508083.

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LeBoeuf, Charles W. "Estimating Annual Average Daily Traffic for Non-State Roads in Louisiana." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1585862.

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Average annual daily traffic (AADT) is important in transportation engineering and planning, and although the State of Louisiana collects AADT on a regular basis on state-maintained highways, most parishes and smaller municipalities do not have the resources to collect AADT frequently. Because the roads under the jurisdiction of parishes and municipalities account for three-fourths of the entire state road network, a practical method to estimated AADT must be developed. Before model development, previous studies into AADT estimation and their results are to be further analyzed. Roadway, demographic, and economic data for selected parishes in Louisiana is collected and processed to remove any data not necessary in model development, and afterwards, parish-specific and combination data models using this data are developed to compare to the observed AADT at a particular count station. Parish selection is based on population, number of existing count stations within the parish, and if an Interstate Highway traverses the parish. Because of the varying characteristics among the data in the selected parishes, parish-specific models for the rural parish roads are developed, and Poisson is selected as the regression model due to discrete data. Results for all Poisson models developed show that the models tend to overestimate AADT for lower observed AADT and underestimate AADT for higher observed AADT. Because of this, support vector regression (SVR) was used, and this method greatly improved the estimation of AADT in comparison to the Poisson regression as shown using certain goodness-of-fit parameters.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Roads and traffic planning'

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