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Nashed, Rose-Marie. "Electric roads as future road transport : A study of Electric Road System (ERS) to facilitate sustainable road transport for passenger cars." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-250892.
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Sweden is a geographically large and sparsely populated country, with a need for road transport for individuals as well as for logistics. Domestic road transport largely contributes to air pollutions, where passenger cars account for the largest share. Looking ahead, the present rate of reduction of emissions is not enough to reach the climate targets of a fossil free transport sector. Electric road system (ERS) has emerged to deal with drawbacks of electric vehicles. Several solutions are being evaluated at demonstration projects. Until now, ERS is mainly associated with heavy vehicles and the relation to passenger cars is not as clear, where this study explores the social advantages of ERS and passenger cars. A case study is conducted, where an ERS implementation between Helsingborg and Malmö as part of the European route E6 in Sweden is modelled. The NPV with an economic lifespan of 20 years and an interest rate of 3.5 percent amounts to 350 MSEK, considered as high profitable. The CO2 emissions of the studied system would be reduced by 102 000 tonnes CO2, corresponding to a decrease of about 60 percent. Looking at the studied system, heavy trucks are contributing to the most impact. Nevertheless, there is great potential for passenger cars utilising ERS to decrease their emissions and fuel costs. Several semi-structured interviews have been conducted to highlight the prevailing views of ERS and passenger cars and the impact of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) for decision-making of transport investments. Several diverse views of ERS and passenger cars exist. ERS is a large investment, where the main need is among heavy vehicles. However, the profitability would increase as the amount of vehicles utilising ERS increases. In a future road transport system, it is possible that several technologies such as ERS, fast chargers and autonomous vehicles could be utilised simultaneous, and complete each other rather than being substitutes. It is conceivable that ERS is planned out of the needs of heavy vehicles, where passenger cars might benefit of the system as well. More passenger cars would likely utilise ERS as it is implemented to a greater extent. Further, CBA could provide a perception of the investment. However, it does not ensure that the projects are performed or chosen out of highest NPV, since several aspects besides the profitability are considered. Available information of ERS for CBA is yet limited and more data, such as effect relations is needed to facilitate well-founded decisions. In the future, it is likely that CBA of transport investments would become more complex, where several technologies would be considered. The transport sector will most likely alter, and existing assessment methods will presumably be adjusted in line with this.Sverige är ett geografiskt stort och glesbefolkat land med ett stort behov av vägtransporter för såväl privatpersoner som för logistik. Inrikes vägtransport bidrar i stor utsträckning till luftföroreningar, där personbilar står för den största andelen av utsläppen. Den nuvarande minskningstakten av utsläpp är inte tillräcklig för att nå klimatmålen om en fossilfri transportsektor. Elvägar (ERS) har utvecklats för att hantera utmaningar med elfordon. Flera lösningar av teknologin testas vid demonstrationsprojekt och hittills är ERS främst förknippat med tunga fordon. Dock är relationen till personbilar inte lika tydlig, där denna studie undersöker de samhälleliga fördelarna med ERS relaterat till personbilar. En fallstudie har genomförts, där en installation av ERS mellan Helsingborg och Malmö som en del av E6 i Sverige modelleras. Nettonuvärdet med en ekonomisk livslängd på 20 år och en internränta om 3,5 procent uppgår till 350 MSEK, vilket betraktas som hög lönsam. Koldioxidutsläppen från det studerade systemet skulle minskas med 102 000 ton CO2, vilket motsvarar en minskning med drygt 60 procent. Utifrån det studerade systemet bidrar tunga lastbilar till den största inverkan. Likväl finns stor potential för personbilar att nyttja den installerade elvägen för att minska sina utsläpp och bränslekostnader. Flera semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts för att lyfta fram de rådande synsätten på ERS och personbilar och effekterna av samhällsekonomiska analyser (CBA) vid beslutsfattande av transportinvesteringar. Det finns flera olika synsätt på ERS relaterat till personbilar. ERS är en stor investering, där det största behovet finns bland tunga fordon. Emellertid ökar lönsamheten med antalet fordon som använder systemet. I ett framtida vägtransportsystem är det möjligt att flera teknologier såsom ERS, snabbladdning av elbilar och autonoma fordon utnyttjas samtidigt och används som komplement istället för att ersätta varandra. Det är tänkbart att ERS planeras och installeras utifrån behoven hos tunga fordon, där även personbilar kan dra fördel av systemet. Dessutom är det sannolikt att fler personbilar skulle utnyttja ERS allteftersom det installeras i större utsträckning. Vidare kan CBA ge en uppfattning om investeringen. Det säkerställer dock inte att projekten genomförs eller väljs utifrån högsta nettonuvärde, eftersom flera aspekter utöver lönsamheten beaktas. Tillgänglig information om ERS för CBA är ännu begränsad och mer data såsom effektsamband behövs för att säkerställa välgrundade beslut. I framtiden är det troligt att CBA av transportinvesteringar blir mer komplexa, där flera tekniker behöver beaktas. Transportsektorn kommer sannolikt att förändras, och befintliga bedömningsmetoder kommer förmodligen att anpassas i linje med detta.
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Walls, Liam D. "Quantifying road surface quality for underground haul roads /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19802.pdf.
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Fiskaa, Sverre, and n/a. "Road Maps - Navigating the Road Movie." RMIT University. Creative Writing, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080627.154735.
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This Master of Arts project in Creative Writing was submitted to the School of Creative Media at Royal Melbourne University of Technology. It contains a full length feature screenplay for an un-produced road movie entitled Free Radicals. It is primarily a dark love story between the drug-addicted rent boy Roman and the budding actor, the protagonist Jonathan. It is however written in a conventional structure familiar to Hollywood professionals, and a good deal of humour is used to attract interest in the story. The storyline itself is more familiar to the audience of road movies and independent features in the US or European Art House ventures. The exegesis explores the history and the conventions of the road movie genre, in addition to the established and not often debated conventions of screenwriting theory. The thesis attempts to show how these theories were applied to the screenplay and how they influenced the process of writing it within an academic and commercial context. The MA project shows how different expectations may create a conflict in the personal writing process and inspire a product that makes compromises. The reason for reading this project may not only be the product itself but also the insight it offers into a screenwriting profession where it is often important to meet expectations.
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Sultana, Masuda. "Assessment and Modelling Deterioration of Flood Affected Pavements." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367367.
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The efficiency of the road management system is increasingly challenged due to the frequent occurrences of extreme weather events, such as intense heavy rainfall, cyclones and flooding. The unpredictable events such as Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in the USA (2005), extreme flooding in January 2011 in South-East Queensland, Cyclones Oswald (2013) and Marcia (2015) in Queensland had severe impacts upon the road infrastructure. These roads are now subject to a wider range of climatic conditions over their service life than was originally anticipated during their design. To date, no deterioration model can accurately predict the impact of floods on pavements. To understand the impact of January 2011 flood on the structural performance of flood affected pavements, Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) deflection data and surface condition data (rutting and roughness), on flood-affected roads managed by Brisbane City Council, Department of Transport and Main Roads (TMR), Queensland and Roads and Maritime Services, New South Wales (RMS, NSW), Australia, were collected and examined.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Engineering
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Breytenbach, I. J. "The relationship between index testing and California Bearing Ratio values for natural road construction materials in South Africa." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12152009-144255.
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Ahn, Ki-Jung. "Road pricing, modal choice and road network." Kyoto University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/136104.
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Mahavier, Kendall Caitlin Alexandra. "Patterns in Road Maintenance: An Analysis of San Diego Roads." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1526393989343466.
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Zanule, Paul Gudoi. "Road Management System and Road Safety in Uganda." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/368.
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Traffic collisions cost Uganda millions of dollars each year. The purpose of this descriptive case study was to describe the strategies and processes needed to implement a road management system. Such a system would significantly reduce the fatalities and accidents in Uganda, improve the transportation within Kampala's business district, and increase business profitability. Three conceptual theories framed the research study: management theory, strategic management theory, and criminology theory. Using a snowball sampling strategy, data were collected from open-ended interviews, questionnaires, observations, and archived documents from 20 administrative participants in the government and organizational leaders involved in the transport operations and transport services in the Kampala business district in Uganda. Data were analyzed using 3 phases: (a) interpretational analysis, coding, and grouping segments; (b) structural analysis, consistency, and quality; and (c) reflective analysis, consequences, what, when, where, and how. Five themes or action requirements emerged from the data analysis: to improve transport operations and transport services profitability, reduce traffic jams and fatalities, provide sufficient driving training, maintain road infrastructure, and maintain traffic law enforcement. The findings and recommendations from this study may improve the profitability of businesses, reduce the traffic jams and fatalities, and improve the gross domestic product of Uganda, thereby contributing to positive social change.
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Afghari, Amir Pooyan. "Incorporation of road safety into road management systems." Thesis, Concordia University, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/79838/1/Afghari_MASc_S2012.pdf.
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Road collisions negatively affect the lives of hundreds of Canadians per year.
Unfortunately, safety has been typically neglected from management systems. It is
common to find that a great deal of effort has been devoted to develop and implement
systems capable of achieving and sustaining good levels of condition. It is relatively
recent that road safety has become an important objective. Managing a network of roads
is not an easy task; it requires long, medium and short term plans to maintain, rehabilitate
and upgrade aging assets, reduce and mitigate accident exposure, likelihood and severity.
This thesis presents a basis for incorporating road safety into road management systems;
two case studies were developed; one limited by available data and another from
sufficient information. A long term analysis was used to allocate improvements for
condition and safety of roads and bridges, at the network level. It was confirmed that a
safety index could be used to obtain a first cut model; meanwhile potential for
improvement which is a difference between observed and predicted number of accidents
was capable of capturing the degree of safety of individual segments. It was found that
the completeness of the system resulted in savings because of the economies obtained
from trade-off optimization. It was observed that safety improvements were allocated at
the beginning of the analysis in order to reduce the extent of issues, which translated into
a systematic reduction of potential for improvement up to a point of near constant levels,
which were hypothesized to relate to those unavoidable collisions from human error or
vehicle failure.
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Zhang, Zheshuo. "Dynamics of road vehicles crossing rail-road intersections." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/132688/2/Zheshuo%20Zhang%20Thesis.pdf.
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This project was a step forward in redesigning level crossing for improved safety of level crossing infrastructure. A vehicle-tire-obstacle model capable of predicting the vehicle dynamic behaviour as well as the tire-obstacle contact forces was developed from basic equations of motion. The thesis investigated the profile of redesigned level crossing from the perspective of road vehicle dynamics including the safety risk to the occupant and the dislodgement risk of the freights in the road vehicles. It was shown that the redesigned level crossings can save lives and avoid damages to trains, road vehicles and the related infrastructure.
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Ng, Wing-suen Sammuel. "Electronic road pricing in Singapore : lessons for Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21213185.
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Betancourt, Daniel. "Rosine's Road." NSUWorks, 2015. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/writing_etd/10.
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Pearsall, Sarah E. "South Road." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/821.
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SOUTH ROAD, a novel told in third-person limited, follows Adrienne Harris as she navigates the trials of her coming-of-age summer and then must deal with the aftermath. 1997: seventeen-year-old Adrienne Harris wants nothing more than to flee her eccentric grandmother’s rule and leave Harbor Point and never look back. When she meets her new neighbors, Adrienne knows her life will never be the same. Adrienne quickly falls in love with the charismatic Quinn Merritt. They decide to keep their relationship a secret since both families disapprove. This secret starts a chain reaction that seemingly leads to the suicide of the troubled and poetic Lucas Merritt. The summer culminates with Adrienne running away, pregnant and heartbroken. 2011: thirty-one-year-old Adrienne is an out of work line cook and single mother. The story opens as Adrienne reluctantly returns home to Harbor Point to care for her ailing grandmother. Once home, Adrienne has to confront the things that haunt her—the summer she met and lost both Merritt brothers, and also her dysfunctional relationship with her grandmother—in order to heal and repair her own life and her relationship with her daughter.
In the end, Adrienne discovers many truths that alter her perception of her past in Harbor Point. Adrienne is finally able to move forward and start to build a life for her and her daughter. Harbor Point, the last place in the world Adrienne Harris wanted to be, turns out to be the only place she wants to call home.
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Dewoody, Dale W. "Road Debris." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc115068/.
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This dissertation comprises two parts: Part I, which discusses the growing trend in project books in contemporary poetry, and Part II, a collection of poems titled, Road Debris. There is an increasing trend in the number of project books, which are collections of poetry unified in both thematic and formal ways. the individual poems in a project book share overt connections which allow the book to work on many different levels, blending elements of fiction and non-fiction or sharing a specific theme or speaker. While these books have the advantage of being easily memorable, which might gain poets an edge in book contests, there are also many risks involved. the main issue surrounding project books is if the individual poems can justify the book, or do they seem too repetitive or forced. As more poets, especially newer ones, try to use the project book as a shortcut to publication, it can result in poorly written poems forced to fit into a particular concept. By examining three successful cotemporary project books—The Quick of It, by Eamon Grennan; Incident Light, by H. L. Hix; and Romey’s Order by Astory Riley—this essay discusses how these books work in order to understand the potential of the project book. All of these books work in distinctly different ways, yet they all fall into the category of project book. While project books will inevitably result in poor imitations, it allows books of poetry to expand and explore in different directions.
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Berdica, Katja. "TraVIS for Roads - Examples of Road Transport Vulnerability Impact Studies." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Infrastructure, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3438.
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Tangpithakkul, Rawee. "Study of permeability of pavement base matrials." Ohio : Ohio University, 1997. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1184344573.
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Chan, Kwok-wong. "The study of utilization of pulverized fuel ash in road construction in Hong Kong /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1339244X.
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Hu, Liuqing. "Calibrating Smartphones for Monitoring Road Condition on Paved and Unpaved Roads." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28859.
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Transportation agencies report the localization of roadway anomalies that could cause serious hazards to the traveling public. However, the high cost and limitations of present technical prevent scaling the road monitoring to all roadways. Especially the unpaved road, because of the complexity of unpaved road. Using smartphone application as road condition data collection tool offer an attractive alternative because of its potential to monitor all roadways in real time and its low cost. However, the sensor sensitivity and sampling frequency of different smartphones may vary significantly, which challenge the confidence of using smartphones for actual pavement condition assessment applications. This study tends to solve this challenge by calibrating different smartphones using two different calibrating methods including calibrating towards reference or average road roughness.
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Wanvik, Per Ole. "Road Lighting and Traffic Safety : Do we need Road Lighting?" Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for bygg, anlegg og transport, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-5396.
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Road lighting is widely recognised as an efficient traffic safety measure. However, we know too little about the effect of road lighting on accidents in a given situation and we do not know what kind of lighting that is optimal for the situation. Society today has a demand for energy savings, locally and globally, and we should not use more energy for road lighting than is necessary. In the field of road lighting the demand for energy savings is accompanied by a fast development of techniques and equipment that give great opportunities for energy savings. The opportunity already exists to adapt the lighting to the actual road, traffic and weather situation. It is a problem, however, that we do not know what lighting quantity and quality which gives the best benefit – cost ratio. The objective of this thesis is to contribute to more knowledge about the relationship between road lighting and traffic safety and thus make a basis for benefit – cost calculations (including environmental costs). The thesis is based on four studies about the safety effect of road lighting, reported in four papers. The first is a literature study, the second is a Norwegian before-and-after study, the third is a cross-section study of Dutch accidents and the fourth is a study of Dutch motorway accidents. The thesis also contains three appendices presenting some more details from the studies than were shown in the papers. The content of the four papers are presented and discussed as a whole in a (fairly comprehensive) introductory part consisting of 10 chapters, where conclusions about the safety effect are discussed and summarised. The thesis in addition discusses the benefit – cost ratio of road lighting, but it is not treated in any of the papers. It has been useful to discuss this matter in advance of the discussion of the future role of road lighting. In the literature study (Paper I), the mean effect of road lighting on injury accidents during darkness was found to be -30 %. The mean effect on fatal accidents was -60 %. The mean effect on pedestrian injury accidents was -45 %, and on motorways the mean effect on injury accidents was -50 %. In the Norwegian before-and-after study (Paper II), the estimated effect of road lighting on injury accidents during darkness was -28 %. The estimated effect was larger at high speed limits than at low speed limits. The estimated effect was smaller on roads with AADT (average daily traffic volume) > 8000 vehicles than on roads with AADT < 8000 vehicles. In the cross-section study of accidents on all Dutch roads (Paper III), the mean effect of road lighting on injury accidents during darkness was found to be -50 %, while it was -54 % when only rural roads were considered. The effect on pedestrian, bicycle and moped accidents was larger than the effect on automobile and motorcycle accidents, and the differences were statistically significant. There was no significant difference between the safety effects for different accident types (Rear end collisions, Frontal collisions etc.) and no significant difference between the driver age groups 60 – 74 years and 30 – 39 years. The effect on fatal accidents was found to be slightly larger than the effect on injury accidents. The mean effect on twilight accidents was 2/3 of the effect during darkness. In the study of motorway accidents (Paper IV), the effect on injury accidents during darkness was found to be -49 % on Dutch motorways, while the effect seemed to be much smaller on British and Swedish motorways. On Dutch rural roads and Dutch motorways, the estimated effect of road lighting on accidents during darkness was smaller during adverse weather and road surface conditions than in fine weather and dry surface conditions. The differences were statistically significant. In fog, there was found no effect of road lighting during darkness. However, there were indications on a daylight safety effect during fog, possibly due to guidance from light poles. The results from the studies described in this thesis give a basis for increasing the application of road lighting as a traffic safety measure worldwide. Cost – benefit calculations indicate that road lighting is one of the most efficient road safety measures available. However, the energy consumption related to road lighting is a problem that must be considered. The great challenge is to reduce the energy consumption as much as possible without reducing the safety benefit too much. Future road lighting will probably be of the adaptive type, and it will be essential to know how the safety effect varies according to traffic and weather conditions and how it varies with the road lighting level and the quality of the lighting. The thesis answers some question about the safety effect during different weather conditions. There is, however, too little information about safety effect related to varying road and traffic conditions. A more serious lack of knowledge is that we do not know how the safety effect varies according to the lighting level. It is not possible to balance the energy consumption and the safety effect as long as this relationship is not known.
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De, la Gardie Fredrik. "Road unevenness relation to road safety - a vehicle dynamics study." Thesis, KTH, Fordonsdynamik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-226531.
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The purpose of this Master thesis in Vehicle Engineering, is to study the road unevenness relation to road safety. The long term objective is to be able to prioritize which road section that is in the need of repair and maintenance prior to other road sections. This study focus on how close to an acceptable safety limit the vehicle is handled when it is run over different road surfaces. This applies to straight road sections as well as cornering, where the road surface is uneven and bumps/pits occurs. No driver behaviour or random actions are analysed but these aspects will be included in the overall discussion. The method to analyse this is through computer simulation. From a Volvo S40 a computerised vehicle model has been developed in Matlab and the effect of different road unevenness has been implemented and analysed. Forces that are generated by the unevenness of the road are compared with the normal forces that a driver needs to correct the course based on the friction between tire and road surface. On this basis, a margin to the risk of losing the grip can be estimated. In this way it can be interpreted how a road section contributes more or less, compared to another section, to whether the vehicle is closer to a safe limit from a vehicle dynamic perspective. The vehicle model has been analysed at a speed of 70 km/h with the simplification that the irregularities can be described by sinusoidal shapes. For larger bumps or dips in the road the results show that both front and rear tires can absorb side forces so that stability can be achieved. If the grip would deteriorate due to gravel, ice, etc. there is a risk that the vehicle loses steering control and/or cord leading to damage of the tyre and consequently an accident will occur. For the analysed road unevenness in the form of bumps and pits the tires do not have any ability to absorb required side forces during an avoidance manoeuvre when travelling over the road due to the tyre model used. It is therefore important that a section with varying unevenness are analysed to determine a maximum speed so that the control of the vehicle during the whole distance can be maintained regardless of whether control needs to be done in connection with the unevenness. A recommendation of future work in this area is to develop this model to make it more robust and to update the input data with relevant data for one today representative car and to carry out a more detailed full-scale modelling with also lateral simulations. If the model was verified with measured normal forces for a test car that has travelled over various bumps and pits, this would also be valuable to confirm the validity of the model. There would also be improvements if available road profile is implemented in the analysis so that realistic examples can be analysed for better real-world analysis.Arbetet avser att, ur ett fordonsdynamiskt perspektiv, studera vägojämnhetens påverkan på trafiksäkerheten. Det långsiktiga målet med arbetet är att kunna prioritera vilka vägavsnitt som behöver repareras före andra. Studien behandlar hur nära en acceptabel säkerhetsgräns fordonet ligger rent fordonsdynamiskt när den färdas över vissa vägunderlag. Det gäller såväl på raksträckor som vid kurvtagning där vägytan har större ojämnheter (svackor) och gupp eller gropar. Metodiken som har använts är datasimulering. Utifrån en Volvo S40 har en fordonsmodell byggts upp i Matlab och inverkan av de olika typerna av vägojämnheter har sedan analyserats. Krafter som skapas från vägojämnheter jämförs sedan med de normalkrafter som en förare behöver för att korrigera kursen utifrån friktionen mellan däck och vägbana. Utifrån detta kan en manövermarginal uppskattas och på så sätt kan tolkning ske hur vida ett vägavsnitt bidrar mer eller mindre, jämfört med ett annat avsnitt, till att fordonet befinner sig närmare en trafiksäker gräns rent fordonsdynamiskt. Analysen har gjorts utifrån antagandet att fordonet har färdats med en hastighet på 70 km/h över de olika vägprofilerna. För större ojämnheter och svackor i vägbanan visar resultaten att både fram och bakdäck kan uppta de nödvändiga sidkrafterna för att stabilitet skall upprätthållas då goda vägförhållanden råder. Men skulle greppet försämras exempelvis av grus, halka etc. så föreligger risk att fordonet tappar styrförmåga och/eller får sladd. En begränsning i denna studie är att inga förarbeteenden eller slumpmässiga händelser kommer analyseras men däremot kommer dessa tas med i den övergripande diskussionen. Dessutom har ojämnheterna antagits vara beskrivna av sinus-funktioner och däcken har beskrivits av en modell som ej tar hänsyn till laterala egenskaper. För att kunna bestämma en maximal hastighet under vilken en kontroll över fordonet kan upprätthållas under hela sträckan oavsett manöver är det av vikt att ett vägavsnitt med varierande ojämnheter analyseras. För att vidareutveckla denna modell och göra den mer robust och aktuell rekommenderas att indata uppdateras med relevanta data för en idag representativ bil samt att modelleringen genomförs i full skala. Om modellen kan verifieras med uppmätta normalkrafter för en bil som har färdats över olika ojämnheter eller gupp vore det värdefullt. Att även implementera uppmätta vägprofiler så att realistiska exempel kan analyseras skulle dessutom ge ännu mer verklighetstrogna analyser.
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Amoatey, Charles Teye. "User financed road infrastructure in Ghana opportunities for road concessioning /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:93-opus-30660.
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Ng, Wing-suen Sammuel, and 伍永璇. "Electronic road pricing in Singapore: lessonsfor Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31952288.
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Larsson, Martin. "Road Slope Estimation." Thesis, Linköping University, Automatic Control, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-53884.
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Knowledge about the current road slope can improve several applications in a heavy-duty vehicle such as predictive cruise control and automated gearbox control. In this thesis the possibility of estimating the road slope based on signals from a vehicles air suspension system has been studied. More specifically, the measurement consists of a pressure signal measuring the axle load, and a vertical distance sensor.
A variety of suspension systems can be mounted on a Scania truck. During this thesis, two discrete-time models based on two different rear axle air suspension systems have been proposed. The models use the effect of alternating axle load during a change in the road slope and the estimates are computed using an extended Kalman filter.
The first model is based on a rear axle suspension known as the 2-bellow system. This type of suspension is strongly affected by the driveshaft torque, which results in a behaviour where the rear end is pushed upwards and thus decreasing the rear axle load during uphill driving. A model was developed in order to compensate for this behaviour. Unfortunately, the estimates showed less promising results and all attempts to determine the error was unsuccessful.
The latter model is based on the 4-bellow system. This suspension system is not affected by the driveshaft torque and a less complex model could be derived. The experimental results indicated that road slope estimation was possible and with a fairly accurate result. However, more work is needed since the estimate is affected by road surface irregularities and since the algorithm requires knowledge about the vehicles mass and the location of the centre of gravity.
All the presented results have been estimated based on real data from a test track at Scania Technical Centre in Södertälje.
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Kim, Eunbee, and Eunbee Kim. "Road To Democratization." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626336.
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Why do some (non)violent civil resistances in nondemocracies achieve democracy while others do not? In order to answer this question, this project examined factors that result in different outcomes and the mechanisms critical to democratization. In particular, I paid close attention to whether autocracies failing after successful (non)violent civil resistance adopted transitional justice (TJ) mechanisms such as trials, truth commissions, and amnesty, and how civil society worked in each course of democratization.
I explored the conditions of democratic consolidation (e.g., economic development, democratic neighbors, and political institution) and among them, focused on the civil culture that led citizens to participate positively and actively in politics with belief and trust. I found that in the course of democratization, implementing TJ policies is necessary in order to build inter-group trust and encourage citizens to participate critically in political reform. Because TJ mechanisms are designed to make past wrongdoers accountable and reconcile conflicting sides, these approaches can strengthen civic culture and promote reconciliation by restoring the rule of law and rebuilding victims’ dignity.
In addition, I argued that a robust civil society (CS) plays a vital role in sustaining democracy, not only by encouraging TJ adoption, but also by playing roles such as supporter, mobilizer, enforcer, monitor, and so on. In this context, I suggested that (non)violent civil resistance can contribute to building a robust CS. Particularly, nonviolent and large resistance with diverse participants can increase the capacity, legitimacy, and representativeness of a CS so that it can play its role(s) properly.
Statistical analysis with large-n data supported these arguments. Despite the controversy in the literature, adoption of TJ policies turned out to be a positively significant factor for achieving democratic consolidation; and, the robustness of CS, which can be developed through (non)violent civil resistance, was significant as well, particularly at the early phase of the democratization process. The application to the 2011 Arab Uprising cases (Tunisia and Egypt) that focused on TJ adoption and the role of CS revealed consistent conclusions as well.
Although there are several limitations to this study, I attempted to reveal the importance of the linkages among steps to democratization and increase understanding of the “process” rather than simply the “cause” or “result.” In addition, the findings can be implemented in policies for proliferating democracy by supporting/encouraging democratization from the ground up (i.e., below), CS growth, and TJ adoption after transition.
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Fabian, Bobbi, and bobbi@bobbifabian com. "Road trip home." RMIT University. Creative Media, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080110.092848.
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The more we search outside of ourselves for answers, the less likely we are to be satisfied. Often, however, the external journey brings us closer to who we are as we experience the peaks and troughs of human existence. Ultimately, it is happiness that we seek. The idea and pursuit of happiness is a universal theme and I believe this search for happiness is also a search for home. Whether it is a physical or spiritual place, many of us search for that centre but the answer lies in the journey, not the destination. Using the road trip as the vehicle for this search, I set out across the USA to connect with others who were on the same journey. I photographed people (who had moved from their birthplace for reasons such as love and better opportunities), and landscapes that evoke both home and the journey. The road trip can be an escape from home but also a search for it and so the resulting project became two distinct sections that weave and overlap.
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Li, Daqing. "Road sign recognition." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ39486.pdf.
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Hernandez, Rosales Maribel. "The Orthology Road." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-127823.
Full textAbstract:
The evolution of biological species depends on changes in genes. Among these changes are the gradual accumulation of DNA mutations, insertions and deletions, duplication of genes, movements of genes within and between chromosomes, gene losses and gene transfer. As two populations of the same species evolve independently, they will eventually become reproductively isolated and become two distinct species. The evolutionary history of a set of related species through the repeated occurrence of this speciation process can be represented as a tree-like structure, called a phylogenetic tree or a species tree. Since duplicated genes in a single species also independently accumulate point mutations, insertions and deletions, they drift apart in composition in the same way as genes in two related species. The divergence of all the genes descended from a single gene in an ancestral species can also be represented as a tree, a gene tree that takes into account both speciation and duplication events.
In order to reconstruct the evolutionary history from the study of extant species, we use sets of similar genes, with relatively high degree of DNA similarity and usually with some functional resemblance, that appear to have been derived from a common ancestor. The degree of similarity among different instances of the “same gene” in different species can be used to explore their evolutionary history via the reconstruction of gene family histories, namely gene trees.
Orthology refers specifically to the relationship between two genes that arose by a speciation event, recent or remote, rather than duplication. Comparing orthologous genes is essential to the correct reconstruction of species trees, so that detecting and identifying orthologous genes is an important problem, and a longstanding challenge, in comparative and evolutionary genomics as well as phylogenetics.
A variety of orthology detection methods have been devised in recent years. Although many of these methods are dependent on generating gene and/or species trees, it has been shown that orthology can be estimated at acceptable levels of accuracy without having to infer gene trees and/or reconciling gene trees with species trees. Therefore, there is good reason to look at the connection of trees and orthology from a different angle: How much information about the gene tree, the species tree, and their reconciliation is already contained in the orthology relation among genes? Intriguingly, a solution to the first part of this question has already been given by Boecker and Dress [Boecker and Dress, 1998] in a different context. In particular, they completely characterized certain maps which they called symbolic ultrametrics. Semple and Steel [Semple and Steel, 2003] then presented an algorithm that can be used to reconstruct a phylogenetic tree from any given symbolic ultrametric. In this thesis we investigate a new characterization of orthology relations, based on symbolic ultramterics for recovering the gene tree.
According to Fitch’s definition [Fitch, 2000], two genes are (co-)orthologous if their last common ancestor in the gene tree represents a speciation event. On the other hand, when their last common ancestor is a duplication event, the genes are paralogs. The orthology relation on a set of genes is therefore determined by the gene tree and an “event labeling” that identifies each interior vertex of that tree as either a duplication or a speciation event. In the context of analyzing orthology data, the problem of reconciling event-labeled gene trees with a species tree appears as a variant of the reconciliation problem where genes trees have no labels in their internal vertices. When reconciling a gene tree with a species tree, it can be assumed that the species tree is correct or, in the case of a unknown species tree, it can be inferred. Therefore it is crucial to know for a given gene tree whether there even exists a species tree. In this thesis we characterize event-labelled gene trees for which a species tree exists and species trees to which event-labelled gene trees can be mapped. Reconciliation methods are not always the best options for detecting orthology. A fundamental problem is that, aside from multicellular eukaryotes, evolution does not seem to have conformed to the descent-with-modification model that gives rise to tree-like phylogenies. Examples include many cases of prokaryotes and viruses whose evolution involved horizontal gene transfer. To treat the problem of distinguishing orthology and paralogy within a more general framework, graph-based methods have been proposed to detect and differentiate among evolutionary relationships of genes in those organisms. In this work we introduce a measure of orthology that can be used to test graph-based methods and reconciliation methods that detect orthology. Using these results a new algorithm BOTTOM-UP to determine whether a map from the set of vertices of a tree to a set of events is a symbolic ultrametric or not is devised. Additioanlly, a simulation environment designed to generate large gene families with complex duplication histories on which reconstruction algorithms can be tested and software tools can be benchmarked is presented.
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Mansfield, Gwen. "Experiment Station Road." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2006. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/358.
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Experiment Station Road is an original work of fiction serving as a collection of short stories set in Hayford, Oregon and Las Vegas in 1962-1972. Each story presents the point of view of a resident in Hayford. The stories are written to function independently, but when read as a collection present insight to cultural diversity, intricate relationships and the ignorance of prejudice.
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McCray, Brigitte N. "Road Going Home." VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd_retro/50.
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Road Going Home follows the life of four women of the same family: grandmother, granddaughter, her mother, and her aunt. Mother Karen leaves home at sixteen because she's pregnant, afraid of disappointing parents Ruth and Nelson. Her sister Lacy is just a child when she leaves. Karen has always wanted to leave home because her small town feels suffocating. At the opening of the novel, Karen has moved into a commune in central Virginia. Her father kidnaps granddaughter Dylan in hopes of bringing his family back together. However, the result is the family growing more apart from one another. Thematically, the novel seeks to answer what happens to families when they run away from one another. How do we come back together again? And how do we rebuild those close ties that we once lost?
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Condra, Bryan. "The Open Road." VCU Scholars Compass, 2008. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1632.
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In our journeys on the open road, we travel through a landscape of visual imagery composed of patterns, rhythms and a spectrum of changing colors. Our previous experiences, mental and physical attitudes and expectations, shape our perceptions. By visually interpreting and presenting my experiences of the journey on the open road I hoped to tell a story of how the open road energizes the creative spirit. My goal was to explore how the landscape is altered by motion and speed as we pass through it, and how the journey can be experienced in various ways. I wanted to investigate and interpret how we shift the boundaries of our perceptions.
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Singh, Anirood. "Road to redemption." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013035.
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Lurching from day-today in the months before South Africa becomes a republic, booze-befuddled Indian private investigator Rohit Biswas does not ponder how he can secure his daughter's future after he became a widower and lost his job as police detective when he killed a man who fatally stabbed his wife. Salvation appears when a rich client hires the PI to find evidence proving his son did not rape and murder a white socialite. Fighting against seeming impossible odds in colonial-apartheid Durban and a sanctions-busting conspiracy, Biswas secures his client's acquittal. In the process he defies karma and redeems himself.
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Dingle, Brian Clinton. "The barefoot road." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017773.
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My novella is set in South Africa in a post-apocalyptic world. The drone technology theorised for the near future is widespread and scattered survivors live under the constant threat of drone strikes. The protagonist tries to negotiate these dangers and the looming threat of a slave empire to reconnect with his friends and family. He encounters bizarre hallucinations and flashbacks as a result of exposure to an unidentified gas.
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Bombardier, Cooper Lee. "The Fevered Road." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2018.
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"The Fevered Road" is a memoir about coming to know oneself through what is lost and finding the liberation available in moments of absolute failure. The thesis explores the themes of failure, loss, identity, and rites of passage through the lens of the early 1990s, AIDS, murder, family, queerness, travel, and punk rock. The research is based primarily on journals, letters, correspondence with local historians, newspaper reports, internet sources, Massachusetts Department of Correction documents, and the author's personal recollection of events. The narrative is centered around the experience of two deaths in the author's early twenties, and is presented in a hybrid bookended/braided structure of the present and the chronological backstory.
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Karskens, Grace. ""The grandest improvement in the country" an historical and archaeological study of the Great North Road, N.S.W., 1825-1836 /." Connect to full text, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/403.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Sydney, 1986.Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts to the Dept. of History, Faculty of Arts. Degree awarded 1986; thesis submitted 1985. Includes tables. Title from title screen (viewed Apr. 15, 2008). Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.
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Ziems, Marcel [Verfasser]. "Automatic verification of road databases using multiple road models / Marcel Ziems." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2015. http://d-nb.info/106921051X/34.
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Brasebin, Jenny. "Road novel, road movie : approche intermédiale du récit de la route." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030088.
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Apparu au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale avec la publication en 1957 d’On the Road de Jack Kerouac et la sortie, 12 ans plus tard, d’Easy Rider de Dennis Hopper, le road novel et le road movie constituent à nos yeux les deux versants de ce que nous avons choisi de nommer le récit de la route. Devant l’absence de réelle étude conjointe entre les deux formes et la persistance d’amalgames, nous souhaitons mettre en évidence ce qui permettrait de distinguer le road novel et le road movie d’autres récits d’errance. Un tel travail nécessite la mise au jour d’un outil d’analyse intermédial permettant d’embrasser de concert des oeuvres relevant d’expressions médiatiques différentes. Nous proposons donc de recourir au concept de chronotope développé par Bakhtine en littérature, et dont il a été démontré il y a peu qu’il est aussi susceptible de s’appliquer à un objet cinématographique. Nous posons que road novel et road movie reposent sur la combinaison d’un ensemble de chronotopes fondamentaux : celui de la route, dans le contexte de la motorisation et des non-lieux de la postmodernité, et celui du seuil, compris comme l’expression du tournant d’une vie. La présence d’une dimension parodique nous amène en outre à mobiliser un autre concept bakhtinien : celui de carnavalesque, qui s’articulerait justement autour des chronotopes de la route et du seuil définis précédemment. Afin de procéder à cette analyse chronotopique, nous nous appuyons sur un corpus d’oeuvres empruntées au répertoire américain, québécois et allemand, en raison notamment des multiples passerelles susceptibles d’être érigées entre ces différentes culturesAppearing in the wake of World War II, with the publication in 1957 of On the Road by Jack Kerouac,followed 12 years later with the screening of Denis Hopper’s Easy Rider, the road novel and road movie constitute, we argue, two sides of what we call the road narrative. Faced with a lack of comprehensive studies embracing both sides concurrently, and with recurrent amalgams, we reflect on the components differentiating the road novel and road movie from other types of wandering stories. Such a project calls for the construction of an intermedial apparatus, enabling us to jointly encompass artworks belonging to different media formats. Consequently, we build on the concept of the chronotope, as developed by Bakhtin as a tool for literarycriticism, and recently extended by scholars to cinematographic objects. We show how road novels and roadmovies emerge from the combination of two fundamental chronotopes: that of the road, exemplified by a postmodern universe dominated by motor vehicles and non-places, and that of the threshold, understood as the expression of a critical turn in one’s life. The noted presence of a parodic dimension in road narrativescalls for the introduction of an additional bakhtinian concept: the carnivalesque, which, as we show, can be articulated in relation to the previously defined road and threshold chronotopes. For this chronotopical analysis, we selected artworks from the American, Quebecois and German repertoires, a choice justified by the numerous potential connections to be established between those three different cultures
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Wright, Andy. "Off the Road: Exploring Postcolonial Themes in the American Road Movie." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pitzer_theses/67.
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This essay explores the colonial nature of the American road movie, specifically through the lens of how road movies treat the South according to Stuart Hall’s concepts of identity and Edward Said’s on Othering and the colonial gaze. To accomplish this, the essay analyzes the classic 1969 road movie, “Easy Rider”, and the more contemporary parody from 2008, “Harold and Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay.” The thrust of this paper becomes: if a progressive parody of road movies cannot escape the trappings of colonialism “Easy Rider” displays, perhaps the road movie itself is flawed.
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Alekseeva, Natalia Mihajlovna, and Natalia Alekseeva. "Developing an autosteering of road motor vehicles in slippery road conditions." Thesis, https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13155942/?lang=0, 2020. https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13155942/?lang=0.
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In the nearest future, the human driver is viewed as a reliable backup even for the fully automated road motor vehicles (cars). Indeed, the driver is assumed to swiftly take the control of the car in cases of suddenly occurring (i) challenging environmental conditions, (ii) complex unforeseen driving situations, or (iii) degradation of performance of the car. However, due to the cognitive overload in such a sudden, stressful takeover of the control, the driver would often experience the startle effect, which usually results in an unconscious, instinctive, yet incorrect response. An extreme case of startle is freezing, in which the driver might be incapable to respond to the sudden takeover of control at all. The possible approaches to alleviate the startle during the takeover of control (i.e., the automation startle) include an offset- (i.e., either early- or delayed-), gradual yielding the controls to the driver. In the cases considered above, however, these approaches are hardly applicable because of (i) the presumed unpredictability of the events that result in the need of takeover of control, and (ii) the severe time constraints of the latter. Conversely, the objective of our research is to propose an approach of minimizing the need of yielding the control to the driver in challenging environmental conditions by guaranteeing an adequate automated control in these conditions. Focusing on slippery roads as an instance of challenging conditions, and steering control as an instance of control, we aim at developing such an automated steering that controls the car adequately in various road surfaces featuring low friction coefficients without the need of driver’s intervention.In order to develop such an automated steering we employed an in-house evolutionary computation framework – XML-based genetic programming (XGP) – which offers a flexible, portable, and human readable representation of the evolved optimal steering functions. The trial runs of the evolved steering functions were performed in the Open Source Racing Car Simulator (TORCS), which features a realistic, yet computationally efficient simulation of the car and its environment. The obtained experimental results indicate that due to the challenging dynamics of the unstable car on slippery roads, neither the canonical (tuned) servo-control (as a variant of PD) nor the (tuned) PID-controller could control the car adequately on slippery roads. On the other hand, the controller, featuring a relaxed, arbitrary structure evolved by XGP outperforms both the servo- and PID controllers in that it results in a minimal deviation of the car from its intended trajectory in rainy, snowy, and icy road conditions. Moreover, the evolved steering that employs anticipated perceptions is even superior as it could anticipate the imminent understeering of the car at the entry of the turns and consequently – to compensate for such an understeering by proactively turning the steering wheels in advance – well before entering the turn. The obtained results suggest a human competitiveness of the evolved automated steering as it outperforms the commonly used alternative steering controllers proposed by human experts. The research could be viewed as a step towards the evolutionary development of automated steering of cars in challenging environmental conditions.博士(工学)
Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering
同志社大学
Doshisha University
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Zheng, Yunan. "The impact of localized road accident information on road safety awareness." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/721/.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2007.Ph.D. thesis submitted the Faculty of Information and Mathematical Sciences, Department of Computing Science. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
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Laubis, Kevin [Verfasser], and C. [Akademischer Betreuer] Weinhardt. "Crowd-Based Road Surface Monitoring and its Implications on Road Users and Road Authorities / Kevin Laubis ; Betreuer: C. Weinhardt." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1176022334/34.
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Du, Preez Emile. "Empirical investigation of life cycle cost of road studs on national roads." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97394.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study involved a detail empirical investigation into the different road studs in use on South Africa’s national road network and how they performed on the network under different road conditions in order to establish which road stud, under what conditions, offers best value for money in terms of life-cycle cost for the South African National Roads Agency Limited. These main questions were asked: What is the most cost-effective/value-for-money stud option for SANRAL to choose for each of the specified road categories? Under which conditions do the studs perform differently and what is the most likely mode of failure of specific studs linked to a specific road condition and road category? The South African and Australian road stud standards were reviewed to gain understanding of which criteria one has to consider when evaluating road studs and what information would be needed for the research. Similar studies on road studs were reviewed to compare the criteria that were looked at, namely Guidelines for the use of Raised Pavement Markers, developed by the Department of Transport in the United States, and Feasibility of using accelerated pavement testing to evaluate the long term performance of raised pavement markers, a research paper by the Florida Department of Transport. This research made use of a standardised questionnaire containing questions on various elements found to be key to the road stud performance. The study was done on approximately 4 659 km of roads in SANRAL’s Western region, consisting of the Western Cape and Northern Cape. From the literature review, it was identified that there is a need for the SABS standards to be updated to include the testing of structural properties of studs. SANRAL should look at the lack in specification requirements when asking for the installation of road studs. From the data available it was observed that the preferred studs were the Ferro Lynx followed by the STA+52 stud. They are predominantly used on the roads that were included in the survey. They perform well on the national roads. The data suggests that these two studs and the Rhino stud are the best-performing studs with the least dislodgement and loss in reflectivity. The STA+52 and Rhino stud, however, are fairly new on the market and more data for theirs full life cycle should be obtained for further monitoring The regression analysis indicated that 36 per cent of the variation in the reflectivity of the Ferro Lynx stud can be explained by the surface width of the road, the traffic volume measured as ELVS and the period installed. All the coefficients were significant with a 5 per cent significance. The prediction tables on the weighted data set, indicated that one should always consider width of road when choosing a road stud and that the reflectivity of studs deteriorates most on the narrower roads.
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Caviedes, Cómbita Àlvaro Alfonso. "Exploring the Determinants of Vulnerable Road Users' Crash Severity in State Roads." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4062.
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Pedestrians and bicyclists are the most vulnerable road users and suffer the most severe consequences when crashes take place. An extensive literature is available for crash severity in terms of driver safety, but fewer studies have explored non-motorized users' crash severity. Furthermore, most research efforts have examined pedestrian and bicyclist crash severity in urban areas. This study focuses on state roads (mostly outside major urban areas) and aims to identify contributing risk factors of fatal and severe crashes involving pedestrians and bicyclists in state roads. Two ordinal regression models were developed (one for pedestrian and the other for bicyclist crashes) to examine crash severity risk factors. Additional models were developed to investigate road and traffic characteristics that could increase the likelihood of fatal crashes. In the model for pedestrian crash severity risk factors such as age, vehicle type and movement, light conditions, road classification, traffic control device, posted speed limit, location of the pedestrian and wet road surface during clear weather conditions are statistically significant. The bicyclist crash severity model indicates that age, crash location, vehicle movement and alcohol intoxication during dark conditions are statistically significant. In terms of road characteristics and traffic conditions, the models suggested risk factors such as arterials, light conditions, posted speed limit, roadways, and high heavy vehicle volume, increased the odds of a crash being fatal.
The results seem to suggest that besides improvements in roadway characteristics, additional countermeasures to reduce crash severity for vulnerable users should include separation of vulnerable users from traffic, educational campaigns, more strict control of alcohol intoxicated drivers, and protection strategies of senior pedestrians.
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Charvátová, Marie. "Přeložka silnice II/380 Moutnice – Borkovany." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225390.
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Relocation the road II/380 Moutnice – Borkovany is designed for higher traffic load centers municipalities Těšany and Moutnice, increase driving safety in the community and increase traffic flow. Part of Master´s thesis is the connection of intersecting roads 2. and 3. clases and connections to existing transport infrastructure. Relocation the road II/380 is made in three variants. Better alternative is developed in more detail. Relocation is designed in the category S7,5/70.
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Karim, Hawzheen. "Road Design for Future Maintenance : Life-cycle Cost Analyses for Road Barriers." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Vägteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-5474.
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The cost of a road construction over its service life is a function of design, quality of construction as well as maintenance strategies and operations. An optimal life-cycle cost for a road requires evaluations of the above mentioned components. Unfortunately, road designers often neglect a very important aspect, namely, the possibility to perform future maintenance activities. Focus is mainly directed towards other aspects such as investment costs, traffic safety, aesthetic appearance, regional development and environmental effects. This doctoral thesis presents the results of a research project aimed to increase consideration of road maintenance aspects in the planning and design process. The following subgoals were established: Identify the obstacles that prevent adequate consideration of future maintenance during the road planning and design process; and Examine optimisation of life-cycle costs as an approach towards increased efficiency during the road planning and design process. The research project started with a literature review aimed at evaluating the extent to which maintenance aspects are considered during road planning and design as an improvement potential for maintenance efficiency. Efforts made by road authorities to increase efficiency, especially maintenance efficiency, were evaluated. The results indicated that all the evaluated efforts had one thing in common, namely ignorance of the interrelationship between geometrical road design and maintenance as an effective tool to increase maintenance efficiency. Focus has mainly been on improving operating practises and maintenance procedures. This fact might also explain why some efforts to increase maintenance efficiency have been less successful. An investigation was conducted to identify the problems and difficulties, which obstruct due consideration of maintainability during the road planning and design process. A method called “Change Analysis” was used to analyse data collected during interviews with experts in road design and maintenance. The study indicated a complex combination of problems which result in inadequate consideration of maintenance aspects when planning and designing roads. The identified problems were classified into six categories: insufficient consulting, insufficient knowledge, regulations and specifications without consideration of maintenance aspects, insufficient planning and design activities, inadequate organisation and demands from other authorities. Several urgent needs for changes to eliminate these problems were identified. One of the problems identified in the above mentioned study as an obstacle for due consideration of maintenance aspects during road design was the absence of a model for calculating life-cycle costs for roads. Because of this lack of knowledge, the research project focused on implementing a new approach for calculating and analysing life-cycle costs for roads with emphasis on the relationship between road design and road maintainability. Road barriers were chosen as an example. The ambition is to develop this approach to cover other road components at a later stage. A study was conducted to quantify repair rates for barriers and associated repair costs as one of the major maintenance costs for road barriers. A method called “Case Study Research Method” was used to analyse the effect of several factors on barrier repairs costs, such as barrier type, road type, posted speed and seasonal effect. The analyses were based on documented data associated with 1625 repairs conducted in four different geographical regions in Sweden during 2006. A model for calculation of average repair costs per vehicle kilometres was created. Significant differences in the barrier repair costs were found between the studied barrier types. In another study, the injuries associated with road barrier collisions and the corresponding influencing factors were analysed. The analyses in this study were based on documented data from actual barrier collisions between 2005 and 2008 in Sweden. The result was used to calculate the cost for injuries associated with barrier collisions as a part of the socio-economic cost for road barriers. The results showed significant differences in the number of injuries associated with collisions with different barrier types. To calculate and analyse life-cycle costs for road barriers a new approach was developed based on a method called “Activity-based Life-cycle Costing”. By modelling uncertainties, the presented approach gives a possibility to identify and analyse factors crucial for optimising life-cycle costs. The study showed a great potential to increase road maintenance efficiency through road design. It also showed that road components with low investment costs might not be the best choice when including maintenance and socio-economic aspects. The difficulties and problems faced during the collection of data for calculating life-cycle costs for road barriers indicated a great need for improving current data collecting and archiving procedures. The research focused on Swedish road planning and design. However, the conclusions can be applied to other Nordic countries, where weather conditions and road design practices are similar. The general methodological approaches used in this research project may be applied also to other studies.
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Rennert, Mirella T. "Feasibility study of road substitution technique for accelerated laboratory road test simulation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0031/MQ62273.pdf.
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Joshi, Yakshit, and Deepak Dinesh. "Standardizing Electric Road : Factors affecting the Business Model for Electric Road Systems." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för företagande, innovation och hållbarhet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-43675.
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Karim, Hawzheen. "Improved Road Design for Future Maintenance - Analysis of Road Barrier Repair Costs." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Division of Highway Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9260.
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Renzella, Brian N. "Remote sensing of corridor landscapes a case study of the National Road Wheeling, West Virginia /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3956.
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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2005.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 62 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-62).
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Banks, Karen S. "Together on the road /." Full text available online, 2009. http://www.lib.rowan.edu/find/theses.
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Graf, Regina Anna Gertrud. "Tyre-road interaction noise." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251876.
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