Relevant bibliographies by topics / Road traffic collisions

Academic literature on the topic 'Road traffic collisions'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Road traffic collisions"

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Cabrera-Arnau, Carmen, and Steven R. Bishop. "Urban population size and road traffic collisions in Europe." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 27, 2021): e0256485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256485.

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Millions of road traffic collisions take place every year, leading to significant knock-on effects. Many of these traffic collisions take place in urban areas, where traffic levels can be elevated. Yet, little is known about the extent to which urban population size impacts road traffic collision rates. Here, we use urban scaling models to analyse geographic and road traffic collision data from over 300 European urban areas in order to study this issue. Our results show that there is no significant change in the number of road traffic collisions per person for urban areas of different sizes. However, we find individual urban locations with traffic collision rates which are remarkably high. These findings have the potential to inform policies for the allocation of resources to prevent road traffic collisions across the different cities.
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Tian, Zhun. "Investigating Impact of Speed on Traffic Safety using Collision Prediction Model." Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (September 2013): 482–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.482.

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Motor vehicle speed is a risk factor contributing to many road accidents which result in significant social and economic costs. Although a review of previous research shows that the literature is extensive on the impact of speed on traffic safety, the majority of previous researches mainly focused on rural roads while rarely on urban roads. It is crucial that the relationship between speed and road collisions should be investigated in urban areas because of the fact that a high ratio of collisions is occurred on urban roads. The objective of this study is to examine the influence of motor vehicle speed on road collisions on urban road sections. This objective is achieved by developing collision prediction models which quantitatively correlate collision frequency to speed characteristics. It is found that both mean speed and speed standard deviation are positively related to collision frequency. Both of them are risk factors in traffic safety.
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Babaoglu, Liza, and Ceni Babaoglu. "Prediction of Fatalities in Vehicle Collisions in Canada." Promet - Traffic&Transportation 33, no. 5 (October 8, 2021): 661–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v33i5.3782.

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Traffic collisions affect millions around the world and are the leading cause of death for children and young adults. Thus, Canada’s road safety plan is to reduce collision injuries and fatalities with a vision of making the safest roads in the world. We aim to predict fatalities of collisions on Canadian roads, and to discover causation of fatalities through exploratory data analysis and machine learning techniques. We analyse the vehicle collisions from Canada’s National Collision Database (1999–2017.) Through data mining methodologies, we investigate association rules and key contributing factors that lead to fatalities. Then, we propose two supervised learning classification models, Lasso Regression and XGBoost, to predict fatalities. Our analysis shows the deadliness of head-on collisions, especially in non-intersection areas with lacking traffic control systems. We also reveal that most collision fatalities occur in non-extreme weather and road conditions. Our prediction models show that the best classifier of fatalities is XGBoost with 83% accuracy. Its most important features are “collision configuration” and “used safety devices” elements, outnumbering attributes such as vehicle year, collision time, age, or sex of the individual. Our exploratory and predictive analysis reveal the importance of road design and traffic safety education.
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Wang, Ningcheng, Yufan Liu, Jinzi Wang, Xingjian Qian, Xizhi Zhao, Jianping Wu, Bin Wu, Shenjun Yao, and Lei Fang. "Investigating the Potential of Using POI and Nighttime Light Data to Map Urban Road Safety at the Micro-Level: A Case in Shanghai, China." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (August 30, 2019): 4739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174739.

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The way in which the occurrence of urban traffic collisions can be conveniently and precisely predicted plays an important role in traffic safety management, which can help ensure urban sustainability. Point of interest (POI) and nighttime light (NTL) data have always been used for characterizing human activities and built environments. By using a district of Shanghai as the study area, this research employed the two types of urban sensing data to map vehicle–pedestrian and vehicle–vehicle collision risks at the micro-level by road type with random forest regression (RFR) models. First, the Network Kernel Density Estimation (NKDE) algorithm was used to generate the traffic collision density surface. Next, by establishing a set of RFR models, the observed density surface was modeled with POI and NTL variables, based on different road types and periods of the day. Finally, the accuracy of the models and the predicted outcomes were analyzed. The results show that the two datasets have great potential for mapping vehicle–pedestrian and vehicle–vehicle collision risks, but they should be carefully utilized for different types of roads and collision types. First, POI and NTL data are not applicable to the modeling of traffic collisions that happen on expressways. Second, the two types of sensing data are quite suitable for estimating the occurrence of traffic collisions on arterial and secondary trunk roads. Third, while the two datasets are capable of predicting vehicle–pedestrian collision risks on branch roads, their ability to predict vehicle safety on branch roads is limited.
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Liu, Yan, Siqin Wang, Xuanming Fu, and Bin Xie. "A network-constrained spatial identification of high-risk roads for hit-parked-vehicle collisions in Brisbane, Australia." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 51, no. 2 (October 30, 2018): 279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x18810531.

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The severe loss of human life and material damage caused by traffic accidents is a growing concern faced by many countries across the world. In Australia, despite a decline in the total number of traffic collisions since 2001, the number of hit-parked-vehicle (HPV) collisions as a special type of road accident has increased over time. Utilizing the road collisions and roadway network data in Brisbane, Australia over a 10-year period from 2001 to 2010, we generated graphics illustrating the spatial patterning of high-risk road segments for HPV crashes identified using the local indicator of network-constrained clusters (LINCS) approach. These spatial patterns vary by days of the week and times of the day. Roads with high risk for HPV collision tend to occur in high-density road networks and cluster around road intersections. The methodology applied in this work is applicable to other network-constrained point-pattern analysis.
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Eid, Hani O., and Fikri M. Abu-Zidan. "Distraction-related road traffic collisions." African Health Sciences 17, no. 2 (July 17, 2017): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v17i2.24.

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Raynham, P., J. Unwin, M. Khazova, and S. Tolia. "The role of lighting in road traffic collisions." Lighting Research & Technology 52, no. 4 (August 26, 2019): 485–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153519870857.

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The paper reports a study that examines how to determine if a road traffic collision took place in daylight or in the dark. An innovative method was developed, based on solar altitude, to establish cut-off points of daylight and darkness determined from a study of daylight availability in England, Scotland and Wales. This approach provides a rigorous method to differentiate daytime and night-time collisions. The criteria were used in a study of the collisions reported in the STATS19 data set for the weeks either side of the clock changes that are necessary between Greenwich Mean Time and British Summer Time. By comparing periods with the same clock time either side of the time change, using the aforementioned method, it was possible to isolate collisions within the same time period that during one week occurred in darkness and in the other week in daylight. The initial finding was that there are 19.3% more collisions in the dark periods and there is an even greater increase (31.7%) in pedestrian injuries.
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Darus, Nur Shaeza, Muhamad Nazri Borhan, Siti Zaharah Ishak, Rozmi Ismail, Siti Fatin Mohd. Razali, Nor Aznirahani Mhd Yunin, and Rizati Hamidun. "The Effect of Physical Environment Risk Factors on Vehicle Collisions Severity Involving Child-Pedestrians in Malaysia." SAGE Open 12, no. 1 (January 2022): 215824402110684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211068494.

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This study is aimed at investigating the association between child-pedestrian severity levels of collisions and physical environmental variables. The outcome of this study could be applied to road safety intervention for improving engineering modifications related to children pedestrians. The retrospective analysis was carried out using 6-year data from Royal Malaysia Police records from the years 2009 to 2014. Multinomial logit modeling (MNL) was applied. The results demonstrated that the injury severity of the collisions is related to road geometry, road surface material, road surface condition, traffic system, road marking, traffic control type, lighting condition, speed limit, time of collision, type of location, and land use characteristics. Specifically, fatal injury collisions are significantly increased by t/y intersection; concrete and earth-road surfaces; two-way traffic and dual carriageways; posted speed limits of 70 to 90 km/h; time of collision: 0 to 0659 hours (early morning) and 0700 to 0959 hours (morning); lighting conditions, including dark without street light, and dark with street light; and control type involving police. Meanwhile, cross intersections’ posted speed limits of 80 km/h to 90 km/h and the time of collision from 0 to 0659 hours (early morning) and 1900 to 2459 hours (night), significantly increased serious injury collisions. Notably, the findings revealed the importance of more in-depth studies on physical environmental features that relate to child-pedestrians’ severity level of collisions. This is essential for improvements to physical environmental designs by policymakers. Thus, policymakers and stakeholders can utilize the findings to further improve the physical environment through structure and design.
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Xu, Zhi Qiang. "Research of Mechanics Based on Accident Collision." Advanced Materials Research 1021 (August 2014): 214–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1021.214.

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With the rapid development of the economy, the automotive industry and road transport have also been rapidly developed. Road traffic accidents occur frequently, which not only brings a lot of inconvenience to road traffic management but also threatens people's lives and property. In many road accidents, vehicle collisions are the most serious and dangerous also the largest. So having a comprehensive, systematic study of the car's collision is becoming the world's most pressing subject. The whole process of the collision of moving vehicle is inseparable from the role of the force. So in order to better analyze vehicle collisions and reproduce this process, a lot of mechanical knowledge should be required. This paper studies the vehicle accident reconstruction mechanical problems, laying the foundation of further research.
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Kučas, Andrius, and Linas Balčiauskas. "Impact of Road Fencing on Ungulate–Vehicle Collisions and Hotspot Patterns." Land 10, no. 4 (March 25, 2021): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10040338.

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The number of road traffic accidents decreased in Lithuania from 2002 to 2017, while the ungulate–vehicle collision (UVC) number increased and accounted for approximately 69% of all wildlife–vehicle collisions (WVC) in the country. Understanding the relationship between UVCs, traffic intensity, and implemented mitigation measures is important for the assessment of UVC mitigation measure efficiency. We assessed the effect of annual average daily traffic (AADT) and wildlife fencing on UVCs using regression analysis of changes in annual UVCs and UVC hotspots on different categories of roads. At the highest rates, annual UVC numbers and UVC hotspots increased on lower category (national and regional) roads, forming a denser network. Lower rates of UVC increase occurred on higher category (main) roads, forming sparser road networks and characterized by the highest AADT. Before 2011, both UVC occurrence and fenced road sections were most common on higher-category roads. However, as of 2011, the majority of UVCs occurred on lower-category roads where AADT and fencing had no impact on UVCs. We conclude that wildlife fencing on roads characterized by higher speed and traffic intensity may decrease UVC numbers and at the same time shifting UVC occurrence towards roads characterized by lower speed and traffic intensity. Wildlife fencing re-allocates wildlife movement pathways toward roads with insufficient or no mitigation measures.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Road traffic collisions"

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Weston, Lauren. "Exploring the factors which underpin young drivers' over-representation in road traffic collisions." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/5153.

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Worldwide, young drivers are involved in more road traffic collisions than any other age group (Taubman & Katz, 2012). Comprehensive driver training and various forms of pre- and- post-test road safety interventions (RSIs) are in place, but young drivers continue to be involved in more at-fault, fatal collisions than older, newly qualified drivers (e.g. Emmerson, 2008; Braitman et al, 2008; Clarke et al, 2010). The evidence base to date is mixed regarding why young drivers are at a heightened risk of collision and so this thesis aims to provide further understanding about the factors underpinning young drivers’ engagement in risky driving. An evaluation of a young driver RSI, found that young males were less likely than young females to report safer attitudes and intentions after attending the RSI. We considered that this may be due to young males’ behaviour being motivated by a desire to seek rewards (e.g. the thrill of risky driving) rather than a fear of punishment which forms the basis of traditional RSIs. Two subsequent studies were conducted to ascertain whether a heightened sensitivity to reward might underpin the risk-taking behaviour of those most at risk. We found that young males and females scoring high on reward sensitivity reported engaging in more road traffic violations and displayed slower reaction times on a driving game; suggesting that young people may have a heightened sensitivity to reward, in general, and concurrently tend to accept a higher degree of risk than other drivers. We also found that reward sensitive young drivers rated road safety messages framed in terms of financial gains as most effective, suggesting that financial incentives may be a potential route to engage young drivers in the future. The findings from another study provided insight into the precise mechanisms at play in the relationship between young drivers and their peer passengers, and the evaluation of the pilot peer-to-peer RSI showed how it might be possible to improve young drivers’ intentions to drive safely by modifying the norm that risky driving is an appropriate way to attain social prestige within a peer group. The thesis offers a significant contribution to the literature by establishing empirically the effect of reward sensitivity on young drivers’ engagement in risky driving and suggesting multiple ways to better improve young drivers’ safety in the future.
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Mattox, Todd Berry. "Evaluation of Roadside Collisions with Utility Poles and Trees at Intersection Locations." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19829.

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The United States averages 40,000 traffic fatalities annually. The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Roadside Design Guide cites run-off-the-road crashes as contributing greatly to this statistic, with about one-third of all traffic deaths [1]. This number has remained relatively constant over the past four decades, and despite a major increase in vehicle miles traveled (VMT), the rate of fatalities per 100 million vehicle miles traveled has declined. However, this relatively large number of run-off-the-road crashes should remain a major concern in all roadway design. The Highway Safety Act of 1966 marks a defining moment in the history of roadside safety [ ]. Before this point, roadways were only designed for motorists who remained on the roadway, with no regard for driver error. As there was no legislation or guidelines concerning roadside design, roadways constructed prior to 1966 are littered with fixed objects directly off of the edge of pavement. Fortunately, many of these roads have reached their thirty year design lives and have become candidates for improvement. The following report examines roadside crashes on nine Atlanta urban arterial roadways. Accident type, severity, and location for all crashes on these were evaluated. It is found roadside collisions with utility poles and trees were more prone to occur at intersection locations than midblock locations. Also for the studied roadway corridors, on average, roadside collisions were more likely to result in serious injury or fatality. Based on these findings initial recommendations are offer for improving clear zone requirements.
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Redpath, Gwyneth Margaret. "An examination of the characteristics of young drivers in Northern Ireland and their involvement in road traffic collisions." Thesis, Ulster University, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.695347.

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The aims and objectives of this thesis were to examine the reasons for the high proportion of collisions resulting in death or serious injuries, especially to young drivers on Northern Ireland roads by examining why they suffer more deaths and injuries than their proportion in the population. This was achieved by issuing and analysing a questionnaire based on one previously issued in GB; conducting a Naturalistic Driving experiment with a qualified, approved driving instructor and his pupils to study the use of an audible signal as a means of highlighting hazards; and desk research. Results showed that new drivers in Northern Ireland are not significantly different from those in GB and that an audible signal can be useful in slowing down drivers ahead of a hazard. It was concluded that traffic fatalities have reduced because of the depressed economy but are likely to rise as the economy improves and that the use of a pre-emptive/advanced warning or signal could be one means of enabling young driver road traffic fatalities to remain low, even as the economy improves and more younger drivers start driving on the roads.
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Sin, Jerome Ga Nok. "Safety impact study of centerline rumble strips in Georgia." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51775.

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Within the last decade, centerline rumble strips have become increasingly prevalent as a safety countermeasure on undivided roadways throughout the United States. Within the state of Georgia, nearly 200 miles of centerline rumble strips have been installed in an effort to address the severity and frequency of crashes involving the centerline. With several thousands of miles of new installations throughout the nation in the last decade, much literature on this subject is still being amassed. This paper will compile and summarize existing literature in order to provide a thorough overview of the latest information from around the United States regarding the safety, usage, and impacts of centerline rumble strips. Furthermore, this paper seeks to comprehensively determine the safety impacts of centerline rumble strips on undivided, rural highway facilities in the state of Georgia. This portion of the study will prepare an updated inventory of centerline rumble strip installations in Georgia and perform a before-after study using three methods: a direct before-after analysis, a comparison before-after analysis, and a comparative analysis. These analyses will incorporate data from crash databases, police records, and traffic records to produce results unique to Georgia. Lastly, this paper will determine the current status of centerline rumble strips and the potential short- and long-term safety, physical, and unintended effects of centerline rumble strips both in the state of Georgia and throughout the United States through a survey sent to all fifty state transportation agencies. Through literature compilation, safety analyses, and findings on the effects of centerline rumble strips, this paper will aid in the future of centerline rumble strips within Georgia and the United States.
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Karim, Hawzheen. "Road Design for Future Maintenance : Life-cycle Cost Analyses for Road Barriers." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Vägteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-5474.

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The cost of a road construction over its service life is a function of design, quality of construction as well as maintenance strategies and operations. An optimal life-cycle cost for a road requires evaluations of the above mentioned components. Unfortunately, road designers often neglect a very important aspect, namely, the possibility to perform future maintenance activities. Focus is mainly directed towards other aspects such as investment costs, traffic safety, aesthetic appearance, regional development and environmental effects. This doctoral thesis presents the results of a research project aimed to increase consideration of road maintenance aspects in the planning and design process. The following subgoals were established: Identify the obstacles that prevent adequate consideration of future maintenance during the road planning and design process; and Examine optimisation of life-cycle costs as an approach towards increased efficiency during the road planning and design process. The research project started with a literature review aimed at evaluating the extent to which maintenance aspects are considered during road planning and design as an improvement potential for maintenance efficiency. Efforts made by road authorities to increase efficiency, especially maintenance efficiency, were evaluated. The results indicated that all the evaluated efforts had one thing in common, namely ignorance of the interrelationship between geometrical road design and maintenance as an effective tool to increase maintenance efficiency. Focus has mainly been on improving operating practises and maintenance procedures. This fact might also explain why some efforts to increase maintenance efficiency have been less successful. An investigation was conducted to identify the problems and difficulties, which obstruct due consideration of maintainability during the road planning and design process. A method called “Change Analysis” was used to analyse data collected during interviews with experts in road design and maintenance. The study indicated a complex combination of problems which result in inadequate consideration of maintenance aspects when planning and designing roads. The identified problems were classified into six categories: insufficient consulting, insufficient knowledge, regulations and specifications without consideration of maintenance aspects, insufficient planning and design activities, inadequate organisation and demands from other authorities. Several urgent needs for changes to eliminate these problems were identified. One of the problems identified in the above mentioned study as an obstacle for due consideration of maintenance aspects during road design was the absence of a model for calculating life-cycle costs for roads. Because of this lack of knowledge, the research project focused on implementing a new approach for calculating and analysing life-cycle costs for roads with emphasis on the relationship between road design and road maintainability. Road barriers were chosen as an example. The ambition is to develop this approach to cover other road components at a later stage. A study was conducted to quantify repair rates for barriers and associated repair costs as one of the major maintenance costs for road barriers. A method called “Case Study Research Method” was used to analyse the effect of several factors on barrier repairs costs, such as barrier type, road type, posted speed and seasonal effect. The analyses were based on documented data associated with 1625 repairs conducted in four different geographical regions in Sweden during 2006. A model for calculation of average repair costs per vehicle kilometres was created. Significant differences in the barrier repair costs were found between the studied barrier types. In another study, the injuries associated with road barrier collisions and the corresponding influencing factors were analysed. The analyses in this study were based on documented data from actual barrier collisions between 2005 and 2008 in Sweden. The result was used to calculate the cost for injuries associated with barrier collisions as a part of the socio-economic cost for road barriers. The results showed significant differences in the number of injuries associated with collisions with different barrier types. To calculate and analyse life-cycle costs for road barriers a new approach was developed based on a method called “Activity-based Life-cycle Costing”. By modelling uncertainties, the presented approach gives a possibility to identify and analyse factors crucial for optimising life-cycle costs. The study showed a great potential to increase road maintenance efficiency through road design. It also showed that road components with low investment costs might not be the best choice when including maintenance and socio-economic aspects. The difficulties and problems faced during the collection of data for calculating life-cycle costs for road barriers indicated a great need for improving current data collecting and archiving procedures. The research focused on Swedish road planning and design. However, the conclusions can be applied to other Nordic countries, where weather conditions and road design practices are similar. The general methodological approaches used in this research project may be applied also to other studies.
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Christoforou, Zoi. "Incidence occurrence and response on urban freeways." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00626573.

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Research on road safety has been of great interest to engineers and planners for decades. Regardless of modeling techniques, a serious factor of inaccuracy - in most past studies - has been data aggregation. Nowadays, most freeways are equipped with continuous surveillance systems making disaggregate traffic data readily available ; these have been used in few studies. In this context, the main objective of this dissertation is to capitalize highway traffic data collected on a real-time basis at the moment of accident occurrence in order to expand previous road safety work and to highlight potential further applications. To this end, we first examine the effects of various traffic parameters on type of road crash as well as on the injury level sustained by vehicle occupants involved in accidents, while controlling for environmental and geometric factors. Probit models are specified on 4-years of data from the A4-A86 highway section in the Ile-de -France region, France. Empirical findings indicate that crash type can almost exclusively be defined by the prevailing traffic conditions shortly before its occurrence. Increased traffic volume is found to have a consistently positive effect on severity, while speed has a differential effect on severity depending on flow conditions. We then establish a conceptual framework for incident management applications using real-time traffic data on urban freeways. We use dissertation previous findings to explore potential implications towards incident propensity detection and enhanced management
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Reddy, Nitin. "DRIVER ASSISTANCE FOR ENHANCED ROAD SAFETY AND TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1237493386.

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Malomane, Rixongile. "Investigating the role of alcohol in road traffic collision fatalities in Western Cape, South Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32791.

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Road traffic collisions (RTCs) are a major contributor to unnatural death worldwide, but especially in low-to-middle-income countries (LMICs) where motorised transport has rapidly expanded. A literature review into RTCs and alcohol indicated that it is well recognised that alcohol intoxication is a key risk factor in RTCs and road traffic fatalities (RTFs). It also indicated that literature concerning the role of alcohol intoxication in RTFs in South Africa is limited. Hence, this study aimed to investigate alcohol in RTF victims in five of the major mortuaries (Salt River, Tygerberg, Paarl, Worcester and George) in the Western Cape Province between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2017. Cases were extracted from the Western Cape Forensic Pathology Service (FPS) internal database, which included demographic and crash information, together with blood alcohol concentration (BAC) results. In total, 2079 cases over the two years were included in the study, with most cases admitted in the metropole of Cape Town (Salt River: n=838, Tygerberg: n=693). The proportion of unnatural deaths were greater outside the metropole (George, Worcester and Paarl) compared to the metropole (Salt River and Tygerberg) areas. The majority of fatalities were male individuals (male to female ratio of 3.52:1), with the average age of 35.2 ± 17.2 years. Most victims were pedestrians (n = 1106; 53.7%) and dark wet roads, and highways were noted as risk factors in RTFs. Blood was submitted for alcohol analysis in 1432 (68.9%) cases, and results were available for 1314 (91.8%) cases. Of the available results, 709 cases (54%) were positive for alcohol (BAC of ≥ 0.01g/100 mL). Of the positive cases, most had a BAC between 0.15 and 0.29 g/100mL and the overall average BAC was 0.20 g/100 mL. Pedestrians and drivers had the highest median BACs, and almost a third of all the positive BAC results were from pedestrian deaths. The findings of this dissertation can contribute to the growing research on alcohol and injury in South Africa, especially as it relates to RTFs. Insight into vulnerable populations within the province is highlighted, together with key risk factors associated with RTFs, as well as safety measures that may be targeted for improvement, especially with regards to driving and walking on the roads while intoxicated.
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Slepánek, Petr. "Komplexní systém pro analýzu silničních nehod typu střet vozidla s motocyklem." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234310.

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The thesis describes the problems of a complex system for analysis of road accidents, specifically the methodology for solving the collision between vehicle and motorcycle. There are statistics described motorcycle accidents, motorcycle safety features, the basic types of collision positions between vehicles and motorcycles, design methodology for solving with traffic accidents between vehicles and motorcycles. The work is performed a set of different measurements used to supplement and refine the input data for the analysis of road accidents involving motorcycles. The work contains data obtained from measurements.
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Pettersson, Marie. "Konflikter på gång och cykelbana. : Ett skadepreventivt perspektiv." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för samhälls- och livsvetenskaper, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-6392.

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Att vistas på gång- och cykelbanor kan vara en situation som upplevs som otrygg av de oskyddade trafikanterna som delar på detta utrymme. Samexistens och hänsyn till medtrafikanter är av vikt för att minska konflikter och skador som uppstår i denna miljö. En anledning till konflikter mellan fotgängare och cyklister är den höga hastigheten som cyklister kan färdas i. Denna hastighet skapar otrygghet bland fotgängare samt hos de cyklister som färdas i ett långsammare tempo. Otryggheten, beteende hos de båda trafikantgrupperna samt hastigheten leder i vissa fall till konflikter med kollisioner och personskador som följd. Att separera gång- och cykeltrafiken minskar till viss del konflikterna mellan dessa två grupper, men konflikten mellan cyklister som färdas fort och de cyklister som färdas långsamt kvarstår samt att otryggheten till viss del kvarstår hos fotgängarna, speciellt i de fall separeringen enbart skett med färgmarkering. Andra orsaker till otrygghet och konflikter inom och mellan dessa grupper kan bland annat vara ljus och mörkerförhållanden, vägens underlag, tekniska fel på cykeln samt beteende hos trafikanterna. Fotgängare och cyklister drabbas hårt vid en olycka även med en annan oskyddad trafikant. Den upplevda känslan av otrygghet är större än den faktiska risken för att en olycka faktiskt skall inträffa. Kollisioner mellan fotgängare och cyklister på gång och cykelbanor är inget stort problem, statistiskt sett, men grundat på den upplevda oron och brist på trygghet i denna miljö får problemet större proportioner än det statistiska underlaget påvisar
Using the footpaths and cyclelanes may be a situation that is perceived as unsafe by the vulnerable road users who share this space. Coexisting and consideration for other road users is important to reduce conflicts and damages arising in this environment. One reason for conflicts between pedestrians and cyclists are the high speed at which cyclists can travel in. This speed creates insecurity among pedestrians and cyclists that chooses to move in a slower pace. Insecurity, behavior of the road user and the speed of the cyclist results in certain cases to conflicts with collisions and injuries as a result. Separating pedestrian and bicycletraffic decreases part of the conflicts between these two groups, but the conflict between cyclists who are traveling at high speed and the cyclists are traveling at a slow pace, persist and insecurity to some degree remains with the pedestrian, especially in cases separation occurred only with separation through a coloured centerline. Other causes of insecurity in a traffic environment and conflict within and between these groups may include how the roads are lit during the dark hours, darkness and sunflares, road surface, technical failure of the cycle and behavior of road users. Pedestrians and cyclists receive severe injuries even in an accident with another unprotected road user. The perceived sense of insecurity is greater than the actual risk of an accident actually occurring. Collisions of pedestrians and cyclists on footpaths and cyclelanes is rarely a problem, statistically, but based on the perceived fears, insecurity and lack of security in this environment, the problem may be of greater proportions than the statistical data reveals.
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Books on the topic "Road traffic collisions"

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Lawson, S. D. Traffic collisions in an urban area of Great Britain: A demographic and hierarchic review of road accidents in Birmingham and the West Midlands metropolitan districts. Basingstoke: Automobile Association, Foundation for Road Safety Research, 1989.

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Motumah, Linus Kiambati. An evaluation of collision rate trends on daylight headlight sections in California. [Sacramento]: California Dept. of Transportation, 1996.

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Board, United States National Transportation Safety. Collision between Mission Consolidated Independent school bus and Valley Coca-Cola Bottling Company, Inc. tractor-semitrailer, intersection of Bryan Road and Texas farm-to-market road 676, Alton, Texas, September 21, 1989. [Washington, D.C.]: The Board, 1990.

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United States. National Transportation Safety Board. Schoolbus-loss of control and collision with guard rail and sign pillar, U.S. Highway 70 near Lucas and Hunt Road, St. Louis County, Missouri, November 11, 1985. Washington, D.C: National Transportation Safety Board, 1987.

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United States. National Transportation Safety Board. Schoolbus-loss of control and collision with guard rail and sign pillar, U.S. Highway 70 near Lucas and Hunt Road, St. Louis County, Missouri, November 11, 1985. Washington, D.C: National Transportation Safety Board, 1987.

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United States. National Transportation Safety Board. Schoolbus-loss of control and collision with guard rail and sign pillar, U.S. Highway 70 near Lucas and Hunt Road, St. Louis County, Missouri, November 11, 1985. Washington, D.C: National Transportation Safety Board, 1987.

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United States. National Transportation Safety Board. Schoolbus-loss of control and collision with guard rail and sign pillar, U.S. Highway 70 near Lucas and Hunt Road, St. Louis County, Missouri, November 11, 1985. Washington, D.C: National Transportation Safety Board, 1987.

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Board, United States National Transportation Safety. Schoolbus-loss of control and collision with guard rail and sign pillar, U.S. Highway 70 near Lucas and Hunt Road, St. Louis County, Missouri, November 11, 1985. Washington, D.C: National Transportation Safety Board, 1987.

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United States. National Transportation Safety Board. Schoolbus-loss of control and collision with guard rail and sign pillar, U.S. Highway 70 near Lucas and Hunt Road, St. Louis County, Missouri, November 11, 1985. Washington, D.C: National Transportation Safety Board, 1987.

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United States. National Transportation Safety Board. Highway accident report: Tractor-semitrailer/station wagon runaway, collision, and fire, Van Buren, Arkansas, June 21, 1985. Washington, D.C: The Board, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Road traffic collisions"

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Kisilowski, Jerzy, and Jarosław Zalewski. "Vehicle Collisions—The Selected Issues." In Modeling of Road Traffic Events, 41–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91398-4_3.

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Sendek-Matysiak, Ewelina. "Analysis of the Relation Between Assessing Own as Well as Other People’s Driving Skills and Causing Road Collisions and Accidents." In Contemporary Challenges of Transport Systems and Traffic Engineering, 127–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43985-3_11.

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Serrano, Maria A., Erez Hadad, Roberto Cavicchioli, Rut Palmero, Luca Chiantore, Danilo Amendola, and Eduardo Quiñones. "Distributed Big Data Analytics in a Smart City." In Technologies and Applications for Big Data Value, 475–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78307-5_21.

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AbstractThis chapter describes an actual smart city use-case application for advanced mobility and intelligent traffic management, implemented in the city of Modena, Italy. This use case is developed in the context of the European Union’s Horizon 2020 project CLASS [4]—Edge and Cloud Computation: A highly Distributed Software for Big Data Analytics. This use-case requires both real-time data processing (data in motion) for driving assistance and online city-wide monitoring, as well as large-scale offline processing of big data sets collected from sensors (data at rest). As such, it demonstrates the advanced capabilities of the CLASS software architecture to coordinate edge and cloud for big data analytics. Concretely, the CLASS smart city use case includes a range of mobility-related applications, including extended car awareness for collision avoidance, air pollution monitoring, and digital traffic sign management. These applications serve to improve the quality of road traffic in terms of safety, sustainability, and efficiency. This chapter shows the big data analytics methods and algorithms for implementing these applications efficiently.
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Belin, Matts-Åke, and Anna Vadeby. "Speed and Technology: Different Modus of Operandi." In The Vision Zero Handbook, 971–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76505-7_37.

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AbstractWithin Vision Zero as a strategy, it is imbedded the fact that injuries occur when the mechanical energy reaches individuals at rates that entail forces in excess of their thresholds for injury. Therefore, according to Vision Zero, there are three main strategies to eliminate fatalities and severe injuries due to road crashes: protect people from exposure of harmful energy, reduce the risk of events with harmful energy, and protect people from harmful energy in the event of a collision. Controlling speed is therefore of the task of utmost importance in a strategy such as Vision Zero.A traffic enforcement camera, or “speed camera,” system has the possibility to control speed in a road system, and it has the possibility to affect its road users both at a macro and a micro perspective. In a micro perspective, it primarily concerns how effective the cameras are locally at the road sections where the enforcement is focused on, while at a macro perspective it is more focused on how the camera enforcement system and strategies, possibly together with the overall enforcement strategy, affects attitudes and norms related to driving with excessive speed. Experience worldwide has proven the effectiveness of automated speed cameras in reducing speed and, in turn, crashes and injuries.In this chapter, firstly the rationale behind speed limits, speed management, and speed compliance strategies will be explored and analyzed, in particular from a Vision Zero perspective. Secondly, various different approaches to speed camera systems in Europe, in Sweden, Norway, the Netherlands, and France, will be analyzed and further explored. Finally, based on similarities and differences in approaches in these countries, in the last section some aspects concerning the setting of speed limits, speed management strategies that underpin the choice of camera technology, and modus of operandi, safety effects of and attitudes toward cameras, will be explored and discussed.
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Belin, Matts-Åke, and Anna Vadeby. "Speed and Technology: Different Modus of Operandi." In The Vision Zero Handbook, 1–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23176-7_37-1.

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AbstractWithin Vision Zero as a strategy, it is imbedded the fact that injuries occur when the mechanical energy reaches individuals at rates that entail forces in excess of their thresholds for injury. Therefore, according to Vision Zero, there are three main strategies to eliminate fatalities and severe injuries due to road crashes: protect people from exposure of harmful energy, reduce the risk of events with harmful energy, and protect people from harmful energy in the event of a collision. Controlling speed is therefore of the task of utmost importance in a strategy such as Vision Zero.A traffic enforcement camera, or “speed camera,” system has the possibility to control speed in a road system, and it has the possibility to affect its road users both at a macro and a micro perspective. In a micro perspective, it primarily concerns how effective the cameras are locally at the road sections where the enforcement is focused on, while at a macro perspective it is more focused on how the camera enforcement system and strategies, possibly together with the overall enforcement strategy, affects attitudes and norms related to driving with excessive speed. Experience worldwide has proven the effectiveness of automated speed cameras in reducing speed and, in turn, crashes and injuries.In this chapter, firstly the rationale behind speed limits, speed management, and speed compliance strategies will be explored and analyzed, in particular from a Vision Zero perspective. Secondly, various different approaches to speed camera systems in Europe, in Sweden, Norway, the Netherlands, and France, will be analyzed and further explored. Finally, based on similarities and differences in approaches in these countries, in the last section some aspects concerning the setting of speed limits, speed management strategies that underpin the choice of camera technology, and modus of operandi, safety effects of and attitudes toward cameras, will be explored and discussed.
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"Collisions in Networks." In Spatial Analysis Methods of Road Traffic Collisions, 176–89. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18937-14.

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"Road Collisions and Urban Development." In Spatial Analysis Methods of Road Traffic Collisions, 136–63. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18937-12.

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"Road Safety Strategy." In Spatial Analysis Methods of Road Traffic Collisions, 322–37. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18937-22.

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"Collisions as Spatial Events." In Spatial Analysis Methods of Road Traffic Collisions, 1–18. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18937-2.

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"Collisions as Spatial Events." In Spatial Analysis Methods of Road Traffic Collisions, 26–43. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18937-7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Road traffic collisions"

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Robbins, C. J., S. Fotios, J. Uttley, and R. Rowe. "OPTIMISING ROAD LIGHTING TO REDUCE ROAD TRAFFIC CRASHES." In CIE 2021 Conference. International Commission on Illumination, CIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25039/x48.2021.op32.

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Pedestrians and motorcyclists are vulnerable road users, being over represented in road traffic collisions (RTCs). One assumed benefit of road lighting is a reduction in RTCs after dark by countering the impairment to the visual detection of hazards that occur after dark. One way to optimise the use of road lighting is to light only those sections of road where light level, and hence visibility, is an important factor. The current study used change in ambient light level on RTCs to investigate those situations where improved vision is likely to have significant impact, and therefore the situations where road lighting is of better cost-benefit effectiveness. For both motorcyclist and pedestrian RTCs there was a significant increase in overall RTC risk in darkness compared to daylight, indicating that there may be an overall benefit of road lighting. While darkness was a particular detriment at junctions for motorcyclists and on high-speed roads for pedestrians, road lighting may not be effective mitigation in either case and therefore alternative ways of increasing conspicuity should be considered.
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Okraszewska, Romanika, Kazimierz Jamroz, Marek Bauer, Krystian Birr, and Anna Gobis. "Identification of Risk Factors for Collisions Involving Cyclists Based on Gdansk Example." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.112.

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The role of pedestrian and bicycle traffic in Poland has growing trend. The comprehensive traffic study, conducted in Gdansk in 2016, has confirmed the increase in the number of cyclists and their share in the modal split. Therefore, it is particularly important to ensure the safety of this group of unprotected road users. Only in 2015 on the roads of Gdansk occurred 93 accidents (excluding collisions) involving cyclists. As a result, 101 people were injured, including nine seriously and 3 people killed. The study aim was to identify risk factors for collisions involving cyclists based on data of accidents reported to the police. The following factors were analysed: the conditions for the drivers on the road (speed limits of, surface conditions), conditions for cyclists (cycling infrastructure, traffic management), external conditions (time of the year, time of the day, weather conditions), conditions organizational (type of intersection, traffic light) as well as the social aspects – the behaviour of all users.
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Galinskaitė, Lina, Gytautas Ignatavičius, and Vaidotas Valskys. "DEPENDENCE OF VEHICLE COLLISIONS WITH ROE DEER ON SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL FACTORS IN LITHUANIA." In 11th International Conference “Environmental Engineering”. VGTU Technika, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2020.651.

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Rising road densities, vehicle speeds limits and traffic volumes, combined with recent growth in the population density of various deer species, have increased the risk of DVCs across the world, causing a great deal of animal suffering, traffic safety problems and socio-economic costs. Object of this investigation was to find out collisions trend with roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Lithuania. The aim of our study was to determine where in Lithuania accidents occure more frequently and evaluate these accidents in time. In 2013–2017 number of AVCs in Lithuania was recorded more then 12 011 times, over half of 7155 occur with roe deer. The temporality of accidents was studied under three scales – daily, weekly and seasonal. Daily peaks start at 7:00 (8.75%), 8:00 (6.08%). Evening peaks, start at 17:00 (7.71%), other at 22:00 (10.64%) hours. Week collisions with roe deer increase on Friday 14.9%. The risk of collision with roe deer varies over the year – the majority of crashes occur in May 14.7% and November 10.7%. In spatial study localization of collision data with ArcGIS 10.3. It was found that road surrounding landscape dominated by agricultural land collisions occurred at a maximum of 29.77%. 19.10% collisions were recorded in the forest area. In built-up areas 11.85%. Analysis of these trends allow to simulate and predict when and where the highest risk of DVCs occurs. In conclusion, this could give valuable information and constitute a manageable tool for the road managers, planners, scientist, wildlife conservationist who are interested in these type of accidents in regions of Lithuania.
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Mikulec, Roman, Pavlína Moravcova, Kateřina Bucsuházy, Martina Kostíková, and Jakub Motl. "Vehicle mismatch – a case study." In 6th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2020.1167.

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Sport utility vehicles (SUV) gain more popularity and with more manufacturers being involved in their production their accessibility rises as well. This however creates an opportunity for collisions with smaller passenger vehicles. There is obvious mismatch in weight, stiffness and height between SUVs and other, smaller passenger vehicles. Furthermore, the average age of passenger vehicles in Czech Republic is over 15 years. Even when these older vehicles crash even with vehicle of similar weight and build, there is a significant mismatch in stiffness and safety equipment (especially airbags). These kinds of vehicle mismatches thus create risk of more serious injuries in case of crashes. The Czech In-Depth Accident Study project (CzIDAS) collects on-site crash data and injury data for further analysis of traffic accidents in order to present traffic risk factors. Analysis of vehicles’ collision speed and damage is carried out and verified using simulation programme calculation, information about passengers’ injuries is obtained from contracted hospital facilities. The traffic accidents presented in this case study serve to showcase the risks associated with vehicle mismatch crashes, currently happening on roads of Czech Republic.
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Barbo, Matej, and Blaž Rodič. "Modelling the Influence of Driving Safety Aids on the Incidence of Traffic Accidents." In Society’s Challenges for Organizational Opportunities: Conference Proceedings. University of Maribor Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.fov.3.2022.7.

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Several thousand motorcyclists die in the EU every year. Despite the severe risk of death and injuries, there is relatively little research on motorcycle safety, and standard automobile safety features are not offered for most motorcycle models. More than a quarter of all traffic accidents represent rear-end collisions, with motorcycles at a higher risk due to poorer visibility and driver protection. In this paper we present an overview of literature on collision warning systems and their influence on traffic safety, and the current state of our research on the potential impact of introduction of a rear-end collision warning system in motorcycles in the EU and thus its potential contribution to the EU "Vision Zero" goal: reduce road deaths to almost zero by 2050. To this end we have developed a hybrid simulation model of rear-end collisions using multiple simulation methodologies, including System Dynamics (SD) and Agent Based Modelling (ABM).
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Selveindran, Santhani M., Peter Hutchinson, Carol Brayne, Christine Hill, Alexis Joannides, and Tom Bashford. "3C.003 Global prevention of neurotrauma-road traffic collisions (GPONT-RTC)." In Virtual Pre-Conference Global Injury Prevention Showcase 2021 – Abstract Book. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2021-safety.73.

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Mackie a, Hamish, Colin Brodie b, Ken Holstc, Fergus Tated, and Richard Scotte. "Development and Evaluation of a Rural Intersection Active Warning System." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100630.

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This study describes the development of a Rural Intersection Active Warning System (RIAWS) and the outcomes from the first two RIAWS pilot sites in New Zealand. The RIAWS trial is part of a wider programme by the NZ government to address safety at high risk intersections. The evaluation measures reported here include system performance, motorist speed and driver perception. The RIAWS has the aim of reducing fatal and serious crashes at high risk intersections by reducing traffic speed when potential for a collision exists. Side road and right turn sensors trigger a variable speed limit of 70 km/h on major roads with existing 100 km/h speed limits. Motorist behaviour and perceptions since RIAWS implementation have been positive. Modal traffic speeds at the intersections when the 70 km/h speed limit sign is activated range from 68-72 km/h compared with modal speeds of 81-96 km/h before RIAWS installation, when potentially conflicting traffic is present. Driver feedback via a questionnaire suggests that most motorists understand the purpose of the system and believe the signs are conspicuous, legible and credible. The findings suggest that RIAWS is likely to significantly reduce the crash forces involved in collisions at high speed intersections and potentially reduce the likelihood of collisions.
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Smith, Alexandra Celeste, David Hanna, and Sarah Jones. "866 Epidemiology and mapping of road traffic collisions with child casualties in wales." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference–Online, 15 June 2021–17 June 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2021-rcpch.245.

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Sameh, Hager, Kulthoom Aiman, and Dilek Dustegor. "A Remotely Piloted Aerial System for a Faster Processing of Traffic Collisions Towards Reducing the Resulting Road Congestion." In 2017 9th IEEE-GCC Conference and Exhibition (GCCCE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieeegcc.2017.8447915.

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Wu, Wei-Te, Su-Shan Tsai, Hui-Yi Liao, Wei-Jin Li, and Saou-Hsing Liou. "0020 Road traffic collisions risk in professional drivers with diabetes mellitus and receiving treatment- a prospective cohort study." In Eliminating Occupational Disease: Translating Research into Action, EPICOH 2017, EPICOH 2017, 28–31 August 2017, Edinburgh, UK. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104636.11.

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Reports on the topic "Road traffic collisions"

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Ahmad, Noshin S., Raul Pineda-Mendez, Fahad Alqahtani, Mario Romero, Jose Thomaz, and Andrew P. Tarko. Effective Design and Operation of Pedestrian Crossings. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317438.

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Pedestrians are vulnerable road users since they are prone to more severe injuries in any vehicular collision. While innovative solutions promise improved pedestrian safety, a careful analysis of local conditions is required before selecting proper corrective measures. This research study had two focuses: (1) methodology to identify roads and areas in Indiana where the frequency and severity of pedestrian collisions are heightened above the acceptable level, and (2) selecting effective countermeasures to mitigate or eliminate safety-critical conditions. Two general methods of identifying specific pedestrian safety concerns were proposed: (1) area-wide analysis, and (2) road-focused analysis. A suitable tool, Safety Needs Analysis Program (SNAP), is currently under development by the research team and is likely the future method to implement an area-wide type of analysis. The following models have been developed to facilitate the road-focused analysis: (1) pedestrian crossing activity level to fill the gap in pedestrian traffic data, and (2) crash probability and severity models to estimate the risk of pedestrian crashes around urban intersections in Indiana. The pedestrian safety model was effectively utilized in screening and identifying high-risk urban intersection segments for safety audits and improvements. In addition, detailed guidance was provided for many potential pedestrian safety countermeasures with specific behavioral and road conditions that justify these countermeasures. Furthermore, a procedure was presented to predict the economic feasibility of the countermeasures based on crash reduction factors. The findings of this study should help expand the existing RoadHAT tool used by the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) to emphasize and strengthen pedestrian safety considerations in the current tool.
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