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Journal articles on the topic 'Road safety inspections'
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1
Cantisani, Giuseppe, Chiara Caterina Borrelli, Giulia Del Serrone, and Paolo Peluso. "Optimizing Road Safety Inspections on Rural Roads." Infrastructures 8, no. 2 (February 8, 2023): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures8020030.
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Road safety depends on a complex balance between all the factors that compose the road system: user, vehicle, environment, and infrastructure. Directive 2008/96/EC introduces procedures to improve the European Transport Network (TEN-T) safety, recognizing an important role for safety inspections, but focusing them on freeways and highways. This paper proposed methods and criteria useful to optimize current inspection procedures and adapt them also to secondary and local rural roads. It is often complex to determine the severity and weight of the different risk factors in this context, since deficiencies and faults can be found both in the road infrastructure and in the other components of the system. The proposed survey method was applied to a stretch of the SS7 Appia state road (Lazio, Italy). Producing video capture and using GPS sensors to geolocalize the data proved to be very useful for the compilation of the survey forms. The results showed a good consistency between the safety assessments obtained from the scoring of the inspection forms and the historical accident rate. Therefore, the proposed methodology can be a valuable aid in understanding safety concerns and in defining the improvement actions.
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Budzyński, Marcin, Kazimierz Jamroz, and Wojciech Kustra. "Road safety inspection as a tool for road safety management – the polish experience." Journal of KONBiN 42, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jok-2017-0017.
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Abstract In Poland, road inspections were implemented in June 2014 on all national roads. Previous traffic surveys mainly looked at the technical condition of roads, signs and markings; other safety issues were overlooked. The main problem of the inspections is that the qualitative assessment is subjective which affects the classification of the sources of hazard on the road. The paper presents an analysis of the variability of the qualitative assessments of road defects when they are assessed by different teams of inspectors. On this basis, guidelines were developed for the classification of risks based on the relationship between sources of road hazard and the personal and economic losses involved in road accidents. These relationships are quantified using mathematical models to simulate the effect of hazard variability on the consequences of selected road accident causes on sections of the road network.
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Cafiso, S., M. Kieć, M. Milazzo, G. Pappalardo, and F. Trovato. "Application Of Safety Inspections For Evaluation Of Two – Lane Regional Roads In Poland." Archives of Civil Engineering 60, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 453–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ace-2014-0031.
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AbstractIn the paper methods for conducting Road Safety Inspections (SIs) in Italy and Poland are described and compared. The goal of the study is to improve the quality and efficiency of the safety inspections of road network by using low cost equipment (GPS, Tablet, Camera) and specific software. Particular attention was paid to the need for proper calibration of factors, causing traffic safety hazard associated with road infrastructure. The model developed according to the Italian procedures was adapted to comply with the checklists and evaluation criteria of the Polish guidelines. Overall, a good agreement between the two approaches was identified, however some modification was required to include new safety issues, characteristic for the Polish network for safety inspection of two lane rural roads. To test the applicability about 100 km of regional two lane roads in Poland were inspected with Polish and Italian procedures.
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Bondar, Tetiana, Olga Belenchuk, Yevhen Tepliuk, and Oleksandr Pyna. "ACCIDENT ANALYSIS – THE WAY TO EFFECTIVE TRAFFIC SAFETY MANAGEMENT ON ROADS." Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny, no. 2 (266) ’ 2021 (June 20, 2021): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33868/0365-8392-2021-2-266-46-52.
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Road safety management begins with a detailed analysis of accidents, which is reflected in Article 24 of the Law of Ukraine “On Road Traffic” which states that when performing repairs and maintenance of roads, streets and railway crossings road maintenance organizations in the first place should take measures for road safety on the basis of accounting and analysis of road accidents, results of inspections and surveys of roads, streets and railway crossings, and especially in emergency and dangerous areas and in places of concentration of road accidents. The problem of reducing the accident rate and reducing the number of victims of road accidents during the maintenance of roads has so far been solved mainly by identifying areas (places) of concentration of accidents with the development of measures to improve road conditions and improve the organization of traffic on them and conducting annual commission spring and autumn inspections of the road network by representatives of road organizations and the police. However, the areas of concentration of road accidents were not fully covered on the road network of local significance due to the lack of accurate reference of the places of accident in the accident registration cards, as well as they were not identified on the streets and roads of cities and other settlements due to the absence of any criteria for their identification and therefore the maximum efficiency from introduction of management of sites (places) of concentration of road accident isn’t reached. The article analyzes the criteria for determining the areas of concentration of accidents on public roads in different periods, examines the dynamics of the number of areas of concentration of accidents and considers other modern opportunities for effective traffic safety management, in particular, inspection (inspection) of existing roads.
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HUDEC, Juraj, Branislav ŠARKAN, Renáta CZŐDÖROVÁ, Jacek CABAN, and Paweł DROŹDZIEL. "THE IMPACT OF ROADSIDE TECHNICAL INSPECTIONS ON TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS SYSTEMS IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC." Transport Problems 17, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.20858/tp.2022.17.3.06.
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Road transport safety, apart from environmental protection, is one of the most important tasks for the contemporary world. Annually, about 50 million people are injured in road accidents around the world, of which nearly 1.5 million die as a result. Transport safety consists of many activities and includes various initiatives, including legal changes, training, preventive actions, building safe road infrastructure, and the production of safe vehicles and control systems. This article deals with the issue of performing roadside technical inspections in the Slovak Republic. Specifically, it analyses the results of these roadside technical inspections in individual counties of the Slovak Republic and examines their possible impact on transport and logistics systems in these counties. The correlation analysis showed that the number of checks under the technical roadside inspections is weakly related to the number of logistics centres, but the number of such inspections is moderate in relation to the number of failed vehicles (correlation coefficient = 0.44079). In addition, due to the age of the vehicles, the number of serious and dangerous faults found on them during maintenance inspection increases.
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de la Peña González, Elena. "Visual inspections of roads and their application for road safety." Securitas Vialis 4, no. 3 (October 2012): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12615-012-9058-8.
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Rossetti, Silvia. "In Field Assessment of Safety, Security, Comfort and Accessibility of Bus Stops: a Planning Perspective." European Transport/Trasporti Europei 80, ET.2020 (December 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.48295/et.2020.80.8.
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There is a wide literature focused on how to design new bus stops, but the research on how to review and assess quality and safety of existing bus stops is, so far, still less developed. Therefore, this paper highlights the need for in field inspections of existing bus stops and illustrates a possible methodology to assess and review them. The paper further develops a Road Safety inspection methodology for existing bus stops. Particularly, starting from the inspection methodology, the paper describes how it is possible to handle data collected during bus stops inspections to perform a more comprehensive review of the bus stops, in terms of Road Safety, Security, Comfort and Accessibility levels. The technique was successfully applied to some bus lines in the Province of Brescia (Italy), and can be easily transferred to other contexts. Through the use of a Geographical Information System (GIS), informative layers were built, and thematic maps were realised. The assessment can then be used by technicians and decision makers to plan and prioritise interventions on the infrastructure.
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Komárková, Tereza, Jaromír Láník, and Anton Ondřej. "Quality Control of the Anchoring of Steel Bridge Barriers by Non-Destructive Testing." Safety 6, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety6010002.
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Traffic barriers represent one of the basic road safety features. There are several types of traffic barriers based on the material from which they are made of and their location. Bridge structures are usually fitted with steel barriers. A steel barrier is, in fact, a relatively complex system linking individual steel elements, which, as a whole, has to meet the requirements given by normative regulations. In order for the steel barriers to fulfill their function and prevent the catastrophic consequences of traffic accidents, it is absolutely necessary to ensure their correct installation on the bridge structure. It seemed until recently that carrying out quality inspections of steel barriers installation, i.e., their anchoring into the concrete ledges, was a relatively complicated time- and money-consuming process, and that is why inspections of the correct anchoring installation in new or existing barriers were not carried out as standard. This paper thoroughly describes in detail the non-destructive ultrasonic pulse method, with which the anchoring of steel barriers on selected bridge structures is being checked. From the measurements and statistical evaluation of the results, it is apparent that carrying out inspections of the anchoring of these road safety features should be considered routine, and at the same time, the inspection of anchoring quality should be required by law in order to ensure the safety of road traffic.
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Demasi, Francesca, Giuseppe Loprencipe, and Laura Moretti. "Road Safety Analysis of Urban Roads: Case Study of an Italian Municipality." Safety 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety4040058.
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Attention to the most vulnerable road users has grown rapidly over recent decades. The experience gained reveals an important number of fatalities due to accidents in urban branch roads. In this study, an analytical methodology for the calculation of urban branch road safety is proposed. The proposal relies on data collected during road safety inspections; therefore, it can be implemented even when historical data about traffic volume or accidents are not available. It permits us to identify geometric, physical, functional, and transport-related defects, and elements which are causal factors of road accidents, in order to assess the risk of death or serious injuries for users. Traffic volume, average speed, and expected consequences on vulnerable road users in case of an accident allow us to calculate both the level of danger of each homogeneous section which composes the road, and the hazard index of the overall branch. A case study is presented to implement the proposed methodology. The strategy proposed by the authors could have a significant impact on the risk management of urban roads, and could be used in decision-making processes to design safer roads and improve the safety of existing roads.
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Ionită, T. D., N. Ispas, A. Chiru, and D. L. Motoc. "The connection between the quality of the periodic technical certification of lorries and the road traffic safety and other ecological and commercial aspects." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1220, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1220/1/012048.
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Abstract The technical diversification of the current road traffic units in Romania is enhanced by the growth of the national fleet of road vehicles. According to APIA statistics, cars have the largest share in the volume of the car fleet in Romania. In 2019, the national car park increased by 7% compared to the previous year - 606,163 units, including 161,562 new and 444,601 used. The fleet of commercial vehicles registered an increase of 80,895 units (25,936 new and 54,959 used) or 6.1%, reaching a total nationwide at about 8 million units. The technical condition of these vehicles significantly determines road safety as well as the impact that road transport has on the environment. For each vehicle, the technical condition is validated by periodic technical inspection. In this paper, the findings of periodic technical inspections allowed the authors to develop significant scenarios related to road safety, environmental influences, but also related to commercial issues associated, for example, with the change of owner of the vehicle. The objectives we achieve in this paper are directly related to the direct link between the scope of European Union regulations certifying the compliant technical condition of a particular vehicle (result of periodic technical inspection) and road traffic safety in Romania today corroborated with projections of environmental influences and changes climate.
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Vaiana, Rosolino, Giusi Perri, Teresa Iuele, and Vincenzo Gallelli. "A Comprehensive Approach Combining Regulatory Procedures and Accident Data Analysis for Road Safety Management Based on the European Directive 2019/1936/EC." Safety 7, no. 1 (January 18, 2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety7010006.
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The European Union policy for road safety management is based on the European Directive 2019/1936/EC. Among the safety management procedures and strategies, road safety inspections (RSI) are an effective tool for preventing accident risk and reducing crash frequency and severity for existing road networks. The European Transport Safety Council encourages the extension of these measures to the main urban and rural roads by the 5th Road Safety Action Programme. In light of the above, in this study, a safety performance evaluation through the RSI approach is carried out for a high-risk rural road in Southern Italy in order to identify all the road infrastructure-related features with poor safety conditions. Afterwards, the relationship between infrastructure deficiencies and the frequency and severity of accidents is investigated; a significant relationship between accident density/total number of injured people and road markings gap is found. Furthermore, the results confirm that a high density of driveways strongly impacts crash frequency. The analysis of the contribution of multiple infrastructure-related variables on the crash occurrences is proposed by the identification of several mathematical models. A second-order AIC (Akaike’s information criterion) approach is carried out to compare the five fitted models investigated. Finally, a prediction calibrated model is proposed.
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Laurinavičius, Alfredas, Lina Juknevičiūtė-Žilinskienė, Kornelija Ratkevičiūtė, Ineta Lingytė, Laura Čygaitė, Vytautas Grigonis, Rasa Ušpalytė-Vitkūnienė, et al. "POLICY INSTRUMENTS FOR MANAGING ROAD SAFETY ON EU-ROADS." TRANSPORT 27, no. 4 (December 21, 2012): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2012.751934.
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Directive 2008/96/EC on road infrastructure safety management requires the establishment and implementation of procedures relating to road safety impact assessments (RSIA), road safety audits (RSA), ranking of high accident concentration sections and network safety ranking (NSR) and road safety inspections (RSI). The aim of this article is to present the outputs of BALTRIS project. The goal of the international project BALTRIS is to elaborate the road and street infrastructure safety management procedures and teaching material consistently explaining the above mentioned infrastructure management procedures. Four Baltic Sea region countries (Sweden, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), represented by universities and national road administrations participate in the elaboration of these procedures and teaching material. This article describes the scope of NSR, RSA and RSI procedures prepared in the frame of BALTRIS project, also article provides detailed implementation and execution of procedures for the EU Member States. NSR means a method for identifying, analysing and classifying parts of the existing road network according to their potential for safety development and accident cost savings. Ranking of high accident concentration sectionsmeans a method to identify, analyse and rank sections of the road network which have been in operation for 3÷5 years and upon which a large number of fatal/injury accidents in proportion to the traffic flow or compared to respective conditions have occurred. RSI is a strategic comparative analysis of the impact of the new road or a substantial modification to the existing network on the safety performance of the road network. RSA is a formal safety performance examination of the existing or future road or intersection by an independent audit team.
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Nettis, Andrea, Mirko Saponaro, and Massimo Nanna. "RPAS-Based Framework for Simplified Seismic Risk Assessment of Italian RC-Bridges." Buildings 10, no. 9 (August 28, 2020): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10090150.
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Existing reinforced concrete (RC) bridges that were designed in the decades between 1950 and 1990 exhibit inadequate structural safety with reference to both traffic loads and hazard conditions. Competent authorities are planning extensive inspections to collect data about these structures and to address retrofit interventions. In this context, Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPASs) represent a prospect to facilitate in-situ inspections, reducing time, cost and risk for the operators. A practice-oriented methodology to perform RPAS-based surveys is described. After that, a workflow to perform an in-situ RPAS inspection oriented to a photogrammetric data extraction is discussed. With the aim to connect the advantages of the RPAS technologies to the seismic risk assessment of bridges, a simplified mechanic-based procedure is described, oriented to map the structural risk in road networks and support prioritization strategies. A six-span RC bridge of the Basilicata road network, representing a typical Italian bridge typology is selected to practically describe the operating steps of the RPAS inspection and of the simplified seismic risk assessment approach.
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Petru, Jan, Vladislav Krivda, Ivana Mahdalova, and Vaclav Skvain. "Video Analysis of Conflict Situations at Cross Intersection with Cranked Priority." Applied Mechanics and Materials 711 (December 2014): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.711.347.
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The article deals with a description of methodology of video analysis of conflict situations, which is used for monitoring and evaluation of road users’ behaviour with usage of video. This methodology is taking e.g. for safety inspections on roads in Czech Republic. In this article, there are also presented results of analysis of conflict situations at concrete cross intersection with cranked priority.
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Kustra, Wojciech, Joanna Żukowska, Marcin Budzyński, and Kazimierz Jamroz. "Injury Prediction Models for Onshore Road Network Development." Polish Maritime Research 26, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2019-0029.
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Abstract Integrating different modes of transport (road, rail, air and water) is important for port cities. To accommodate this need, new transport hubs must be built such as airports or sea ports. If ports are to grow, they must be accessible, a feature which is best achieved by building new roads, including fast roads. Poland must develop a network of fast roads that will provide good access to ports. What is equally important is to upgrade the network of national roads to complement fast roads. A key criterion in this case is to ensure that the roads are efficient to minimise time lost for road users and safe. With safety standards and safety management practices varying vastly across the EU, Directive 2008/96/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council was a way to ensure that countries follow procedures for assessing the impact of road projects on road safety and conduct road safety audits, road safety management and road safety inspections. The main goal of the research was to build mathematical models to combine road safety measures, i.e. injury density (DI) and accident density (DA), with road and traffic factors on longer sections, all based on risk analysis. The practical objective is to use these models to develop tools for assessing how new road projects will impact road safety. Because previous research on models to help estimate injuries (I) or injury density (DI) on long sections was scarce, the authors addressed that problem in their work. The idea goes back to how Poland is introducing procedures for assessing the effects of infrastructure on safety and developing a method to estimate accident indicators to support economic analysis for new roads, a solution applied in JASPERS. Another reason for the research was Poland’s insufficient and ineffective pool of road safety management tools in Poland. The paper presents analyses of several models which achieved satisfactory results. They are consistent with the work of other researchers and the outcomes of previous research conducted by the authors. The authors built the models based on a segmentation of national roads into sections from 10 to 50 km, making sure that they feature consistent cross-sections and average daily traffic volumes. Models were built based on the method described by Jamroz (Jamroz, 2011). Using the available road traffic volume data, each section was assigned variables defining geometric and traffic features. Based on studies conducted on road sections, the variables were either averaged over the entire length of the section or calculated as a percentage of the variable occurring over the entire length: related to traffic volume, roadside environment or cross section
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González-Gómez, Keila, Derrick K. Rollins, and María Castro. "Modeling Urban Road Scenarios to Evaluate Intersection Visibility." Sustainability 14, no. 1 (December 29, 2021): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010354.
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Road safety is key to sustainable mobility. Rapid technological advances have allowed several road safety-related analyses, previously performed in situ, to be conducted virtually. These virtual analyses benefit understanding of how roads operate and how users perceive them. Additionally, they facilitate the assessment of several parameters that are fundamental to road design and operation. The available sight distance (ASD) is one of these parameters that, if not provided adequately, could alter the proper functioning of roads. This study presents a framework to assess the impact of certain features on visibility. First, the ASD is estimated using a geographic information system (GIS)-based procedure with LiDAR-derived three-dimensional (3D) models. Afterward, obstructions are detected and categorized. If the obstruction cannot be removed, their redesign or relocation is simulated to re-run the analysis. These simulations are performed using 3D city objects, and their results are statistically evaluated, providing evidence as to their effects on visibility. The results proved that the procedure helped achieve the efficient use of roadside space, while including safety concerns. Additionally, this study reflects the need for more inspections on the impact of on-street parking on drivers’ fields of view.
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Paliotto, Andrea, Adriano Alessandrini, Edoardo Mazzia, Paola Tiberi, and Antonino Tripodi. "Assessing the Impact on Road Safety of Automated Vehicles: An Infrastructure Inspection-Based Approach." Future Transportation 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 522–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/futuretransp2020029.
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How safe will Automated Vehicles (AVs) be? It depends on technologies, vehicles, other road users, and infrastructures. The only certainty is that automated vehicles will not solve all road safety issues. As the penetration of AVs might be much more sudden than road infrastructure modification, the infrastructure revision process should start immediately by then, and road authorities must be ready in turn. This paper presents an approach based on road safety inspections to quantify and compare the expected safety levels for a road section with different combinations of Automated and Conventional Vehicles (CVs). Developed in the framework of the EC project CoEXist, the proposed approach allows for identifying the possible safety issues that may arise when introducing AVs. All safety issues are judged in terms of risk, which is the product of the exposure, the likelihood of the crash, and the severity of the possible consequences. All these aspects are analyzed in different scenarios considering different AV penetration levels and driving logic. The results show a potential risk decrease according to the higher penetration of AVs. Nevertheless, the analysis highlights that safety issues may arise with the introduction of specific AVs’ driving logics.
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Bouchard St-Amant, Pier-André. "Optimizing Health and Safety Inspections in Canada." International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v7i2.22890.
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Background: Each year, the Canadian government assigns inspectors to visit firms and ensure compliance to the occupational health and safety provisions of the Canada Labour Code. This paper presents evidence supporting the hypothesis that assignments reduce the number of disabling injuries. It also presents a mathematical technique improving the performance of how firms are chosen for inspection.
Methods: By combining two administrative databases covering worksites under federal jurisdiction, the impact of assignments on injuries is estimated using instrumental variables. The instruments are the exogenous part of the government’s assignment rule for inspectors.
Results: The impact of one assignment on injuries is estimated to be -0.33 in the year following the assignment. Furthermore, by introducing a measure of diminishing marginal returns of assignments by sector, a more efficient assignment rule to help further minimize the number of injuries resulting from non-compliance with the Labour Code is suggested. This improved rule includes a reallocation of assignments across industries compared to the current allocation. In particular, assignments are transferred from the sectors of Air Transport and Road Transport to the sectors of Banking, Postal Contractors and Crown Corporations.
Conclusions: A counterfactual experiment with the new allocation of assignments suggests an 18% decrease in the number of injuries for the same yearly average number of assignments. Based on available estimates of the cost of injuries, the suggested change in the targeting tool would lead to annual savings of 72 million dollars in workers’ compensation claims.
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Orynycz, Olga, Karol Tucki, Andrzej Wasiak, Robert Sobótka, and Arkadiusz Gola. "Evaluation of the Brake’s Performance Dependence Upon Technical Condition of Car Tires as a Factor of Road Safety Management." Energies 13, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010009.
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The social cost, as one of the factors determining sustainability of socio-economic development, is strongly dependent upon a number of casualties and mortality in road accidents. The condition of car tires appears to be one of the important factors determining the occurrence of accidents. The vast majority of vehicles are tested every year at vehicle inspection stations. One of the elements affecting the result of the technical condition test and basically the quality of vehicle braking is the technical condition of the tires. Their technical condition is a very important factor responsible for the quality of acceleration, braking, maintaining, or changing the direction of driving. As a consequence, it has a significant impact on road safety. The aim of the study is to examine the impact of tires on the results of tests performed at a vehicle inspection station. The study presents the results of bench measurements of the impact of selected features of tire condition of two vehicles during routine periodic inspections at a vehicle inspection station (VIS). The focus was on an attempt to assess the impact of inflation pressure, age, and tire tread wear on the braking process. The technical studies performed might be a source for legal steps assuring better management of road safety. It can also be expected that the tire choice and condition may affect fuel consumption, and therefore the amount of energy consumed by the road transport.
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Petrashenko, Oleksiy, Oleksandr Pyna, and Roman Yefymenko. "ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF TECHNICAL MEANS OF TRAFFIC CONTROL ON THE SAFETY OF VULNERABLE ROAD USERS." Dorogi i mosti 2022, no. 26 (October 3, 2022): 274–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36100/dorogimosti2022.26.274.
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Introduction. The development and modernization of the road network and road infrastructure in Ukraine requires its provision with modern technical means of traffic control to ensure safety of all road users. Problem statement. A significant number of traffic accidents (hereinafter — accidents) and the severity of their consequences, especially with the participation of vulnerable road users requires the provision of technical means of traffic control. Objective. Ensuring traffic safety, reducing the severity of the consequences of accidents and providing safe and comfortable conditions for vulnerable road users. Materials and methods. The article uses the actual standards of Ukraine, practical experience gained during road safety inspections, survey of black spots and materials of the branch Road Safety Management Database (RSM) created at SE DerzhdorNDI). Results. It is determined that the provision of technical means, especially in black spots areas, prevents the increase of accidents rate, including reducing the number of accidents with vulnerable road users participation. Conclusions. Road is a very dangerous place where an accident can be happened each second, leading to significant injuries, mutilations or even deaths o effectively protect and prevent the occurrence of accidents with vulnerable road users, it is necessary to improve the situation by preventive counteraction to accidents, namely the correct (regulatory) organization of technical means of road traffic control.
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Kuliczkowska, Emilia. "An analysis of road pavement collapses and traffic safety hazards resulting from leaky sewers." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 11, no. 4 (December 20, 2016): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2016.29.
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In this paper, road pavement collapses resulting from sewer leakage are divided into six categories: negligible, marginal, considerable, serious, very serious and catastrophic, with the categorization being based on two criteria, both related to traffic safety, i.e., the number of fatalities caused by sinkholes, and the extent of the road pavement damage. The causes of road pavement collapses are also discussed. The study involved analyzing the deterioration of sewer pipes with long service lives, focusing on the most common materials, i.e., concrete and vitrified clay. The results of the sewer inspections performed by the Kielce University of Technology suggest that the spot and linear defects detected in sewers of this type can be divided into three groups. The findings were used to formulate some recommendations on how to improve road traffic safety by preventing road pavement collapses.
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Roque, Carlos, João Lourenço Cardoso, Thomas Connell, Govert Schermers, and Roland Weber. "Topic analysis of Road safety inspections using latent dirichlet allocation: A case study of roadside safety in Irish main roads." Accident Analysis & Prevention 131 (October 2019): 336–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2019.07.021.
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Rychter, Marcin, and Piotr Sułek. "Applying the illegal emulator of the AdBlue pump in the aspect of the protection of the safety of the environment." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 6 (June 30, 2018): 1134–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.240.
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The road transport is a constantly unrolling sector of the national economy. Consistent height of the number of motor vehicles in it of heavy vehicles load-carrying is posing an essential threat to the safety of the environmental protection. The present article is supposed what action to show are entertaining review bodies in the European Union among others Inspection of the road transport in Poland in order to prevent illegal installing devices eliminating the correct functioning of the SCR system, and consequently for increasing the amount of harmful substances emitted to the environment. Appointing institutions which will be conducting an examination and inspections of devices are an obligation of member states of the European Union, as well as will be implementing solutions guaranteeing tightening the system up. Experience, the economic pressure and rivalry in the road transport took hauliers to the non-observance of principles, in particular concerning the correct functioning of the SCR system (Selective Catalyst Reduction). The article contains duties which lie with drivers by vehicles, is taking issues of the system security and optimum action of devices and consequences which can result from the non-observance of provisions, as well as surrendering them to manipulations.
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Svatý, Z., K. Kocián, and T. Mičunek. "INTEGRATION OF SAFETY ASSESSMENT IN BIM FOR TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5/W3 (December 5, 2019): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-5-w3-143-2019.
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Abstract. Effective and safe transportation infrastructure presents one of the crucial conditions for functional society. Its ceaseless development and construction can be taken as a proof of its importance even despite the corresponding financial and time demands. The complexity and scale of the projects related to transportation infrastructure presents an ideal field for implementation of the BIM approaches. However, it is necessary to implement the BIM to the whole life cycle of the transport structure, especially not only to the pre-investment and investment phases but also to the operation and maintenance. For every road infrastructure, it is important to observe the performance of the road, behaviour of road users and evaluate the resulting safety risks, to be able to correspond with adequate and effective measures and to secure sufficient level of safety. The paper aims to present an implementation of the road safety aspects and statistics into the processes of BIM applications and strategies, which are prepared on the base of Government Resolution No 958, on the importance of the Building Information Modelling (BIM) in the Czech Republic. The accident statistics, safety audits and inspections presents a valuable source of information that should be adequately implemented with the BIM processes.
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Lazur, Y. V., and T. O. Karabin. "Implementation of european legislation on road safety administration in Ukraine." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 6 (February 18, 2023): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2022.06.41.
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The article examines the implementation of European legislation in the field of road safety management in Ukraine. The authors set the task of investigating the compliance of the provisions of EU law and Ukrainian legislation related to road safety management, audit and assessment, road safety inspection.It has been established that the management of road safety involves 1) conducting a road safety audit, 2) carrying out road safety checks and 3) identifying accident-hazardous places and places of concentration of road traffic accidents and eliminating their causes. It was concluded that the completion of the implementation of the provisions of this Directive 2008/96/EC into national legislation was completed only in 2022 with the adoption of the Procedure for identifying accident-hazardous areas and places of concentration of traffic accidents, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine dated August 12, 2022 No. 598. At the same time, it is still premature to claim the completion of the formation of the regulatory and legal framework in the relevant field, as there are a number of issues that have not yet been fully settled or are disputed. In particular, the procedure for the implementation of the plan of measures to improve the conditions and organization of roadtraffic has not been regulated, the period of time (3 years) for conducting safety inspections is quite significant, the road safety audit report is mandatory for consideration by the organization that carries out design, construction and operation audit object, however, the procedure for displaying the results of such review is also not regulated. Therefore, it is assumed that theimprovement of the legislation in the direction of the implementation of acquis communautaire requirements will be worked out in the process of law enforcement and reconstruction of highways and road infrastructure of Ukraine in the post-warperiod.
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Kisulenko, B. V. "Concept of vehicle safety parameter persistence within life cycle and ways to implement it in Russia." Trudy NAMI, no. 4 (January 3, 2023): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2022-4-58-69.
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Introduction (problem statement and relevance). The task of traffic safety improving determines the need to maintain the vehicle safety parameters checked and tested during certification throughout the entire life cycle of the vehicle – from design to disposal.The research objective is to analyze the current state of safety requirements applicable to vehicles at different life cycle stages contained in the UN Regulations, regulatory documents of other countries and in the Eurasian Economic Union Technical Regulations on Wheeled Vehicles Safety.Methodology and research methods. The research methodology is the analytical method.Scientific novelty and results. The scientific novelty consists in the analysis results showing that the vehicle type approval procedure is a separate stage of the vehicle life cycle and that the existing control system for the vehicle technical state in the form of technical inspection does not ensure traffic safety to the full. The proposal is to add random road inspections to the technical inspection of socially dangerous vehicles. It is also proposed to complement the existing technical regulations On Wheeled Vehicles Safety with the requirements for vehicle disposal and component reuse conditions.Practical significance. The research results can be used when improving the Eurasian Economic Union vehicle technical regulations and when developing the Russian Federation national legislative acts in this field.
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Tahmasseby, Shahram, Deepti Muley, and Bernd Wolfgang Wink. "Performance Evaluation of Vehicle Restraint Systems in the Context of Design and Installation." Civil Engineering Journal 7, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 449–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2021-03091665.
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Vehicle Restraint Systems (VRS), a necessary component of the road design, are widely implemented by transport authorities to protect vehicles from severe incidents, mainly colliding to the roadside as well as median obstacles and other potential hazards. The performance evaluation of vehicle restraint systems at the design and installation stages is largely made according to either European or American standards. The local traffic conditions and vehicle compositions in countries, which are noticeably different from Europe and North America, necessitate a customized guideline in which the design and installation of road safety barriers are more adapted to the local conditions of the country. This paper briefly reviews the main features of EN1317, and NCHRP 350/MASH standards, which are predominantly used for the design, installation, and performance evaluation of VRS in Europe and the United States respectively. Moreover, the contribution of these standards in developing the VRS guideline for the State of Qatar is explained. The study recommends customizations to the design and installation of VRS, which are presently implemented according to the guideline developed by the Public Work Authority in Qatar. The present guideline follows European as well as American standards. The recommendations are made based on empirical studies and evidence observed by undertaking a series of site visits, audits, and perform inspections of VRS components installed on Qatari roads and highways. The study findings demonstrate the performance of VRS can be enhanced by incorporating the design and selection of road safety components such as guardrails, terminals, transitions, and crash cushions at the preliminary design stage of roads and highways. This study brings about practical insights and implications for road designers, contractors, supervision teams, and road safety auditors. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091665 Full Text: PDF
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Domenichini, Lorenzo, Andrea Paliotto, Monica Meocci, and Valentina Branzi. "Application and Evaluation of a Non-Accident-Based Approach to Road Safety Analysis Based on Infrastructure-Related Human Factors." Sustainability 14, no. 2 (January 7, 2022): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020662.
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Too often the identification of critical road sites is made by “accident-based” methods that consider the occurred accidents’ number. Nevertheless, such a procedure may encounter some difficulties when an agency does not have reliable and complete crash data at the site level (e.g., accidents contributing factors not clear or approximate accident location) or when crashes are underreported. Furthermore, relying on accident data means waiting for them to occur with the related consequences (possible deaths and injuries). A non-accident-based approach has been proposed by PIARC. This approach involves the application of the Human Factors Evaluation Tool (HFET), which is based on the principles of Human Factors (HF). The HFET can be applied to road segments by on-site inspections and provides a numerical performance measure named Human Factors Scores (HFS). This paper analyses which relationship exists between the results of the standard accident-based methods and those obtainable with HFET, based on the analysis of self-explaining and ergonomic features of the infrastructure. The study carried out for this purpose considered 23 km of two-way two-lane roads in Italy. A good correspondence was obtained, meaning that high risky road segments identified by the HFS correspond to road segments already burdened by a high number of accidents. The results demonstrated that the HFET allows for identifying of road segments requiring safety improvements even if accident data are unavailable. It allows for improving a proactive NSS, avoiding waiting for accidents to occur.
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Bruno, Salvatore. "Proposal for a Low-Cost Monitoring System to Assess the Pavement Deterioration in Urban Roads." European Transport/Trasporti Europei, no. 91 (February 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.48295/et.2023.91.10.
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Effective scheduling of pavement monitoring and maintenance activities plays a pivotal role in ensuring safety and comfort for road users. The Pavement Management System (PMS) is a traditional tool to assist the road manager in the decision-making process on which priority maintenance activities to carry out. However, for urban road networks the implementation of a PMS can be complicated due to the many functional and operational problems. This paper presents a prototype low-cost inertial sensor-based system for monitoring the pavement conditions in urban road networks. Starting by the measurements of the vertical accelerations collected in a vehicle riding on a rough pavement, the frequency-weighted vertical acceleration a_wz was calculated according to ISO 2631 standard. This parameter can be adopted as a Key Performance Indicator (KPI) by relating the road roughness to the human whole-body vibration (WBV) exposure on the road user. Some field tests were carried out identifying urban roads in an Italian city with different levels of pavement deterioration. Measurements to evaluate the pavement deterioration were performed using traditional visual inspections and the proposed sensor embedded in a test vehicle (run at different speeds) in order to identify a relationship between these indices in terms of performance classes.
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Narváez-Villa, Paúl, Blanca Arenas-Ramírez, José Mira, and Francisco Aparicio-Izquierdo. "Analysis and Prediction of Vehicle Kilometers Traveled: A Case Study in Spain." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 6, 2021): 8327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168327.
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Knowledge of the kilometers traveled by vehicles is essential in transport and road safety studies as an indicator of exposure and mobility. Its application in the determination of user risk indices in a disaggregated manner is of great interest to the scientific community and the authorities in charge of ensuring road safety on highways. This study used a sample of the data recorded during passenger vehicle inspections at Vehicle Technical Inspection stations and housed in a data warehouse managed by the General Directorate for Traffic of Spain. This study has three notable characteristics: (1) a novel data source is explored, (2) the methodology developed applies to other types of vehicles, with the level of disaggregation the data allows, and (3) pattern extraction and the estimate of mobility contribute to the continuous and necessary improvement of road safety indicators and are aligned with goal 3 (Good Health and Well-Being: Target 3.6) of The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda. An Operational Data Warehouse was created from the sample received, which helped in obtaining inference values for the kilometers traveled by Spanish fleet vehicles with a level of disaggregation that, to the knowledge of the authors, was unreachable with advanced statistical models. Three machine learning methods, CART, random forest, and gradient boosting, were optimized and compared based on the performance metrics of the models. The three methods identified the age, engine size, and tare weight of passenger vehicles as the factors with greatest influence on their travel patterns.
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Fiorentini, Nicholas, and Massimo Losa. "Long-Term-Based Road Blackspot Screening Procedures by Machine Learning Algorithms." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 24, 2020): 5972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12155972.
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Screening procedures in road blackspot detection are essential tools for road authorities for quickly gathering insights on the safety level of each road site they manage. This paper suggests a road blackspot screening procedure for two-lane rural roads, relying on five different machine learning algorithms (MLAs) and real long-term traffic data. The network analyzed is the one managed by the Tuscany Region Road Administration, mainly composed of two-lane rural roads. An amount of 995 road sites, where at least one accident occurred in 2012–2016, have been labeled as “Accident Case”. Accordingly, an equal number of sites where no accident occurred in the same period, have been randomly selected and labeled as “Non-Accident Case”. Five different MLAs, namely Logistic Regression, Classification and Regression Tree, Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbor, and Naïve Bayes, have been trained and validated. The output response of the MLAs, i.e., crash occurrence susceptibility, is a binary categorical variable. Therefore, such algorithms aim to classify a road site as likely safe (“Accident Case”) or potentially susceptible to an accident occurrence (“Non-Accident Case”) over five years. Finally, algorithms have been compared by a set of performance metrics, including precision, recall, F1-score, overall accuracy, confusion matrix, and the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic. Outcomes show that the Random Forest outperforms the other MLAs with an overall accuracy of 73.53%. Furthermore, all the MLAs do not show overfitting issues. Road authorities could consider MLAs to draw up a priority list of on-site inspections and maintenance interventions.
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Setiawan, A., R. Ramlan, E. R. Labaso, and A. A. Nur. "Identification and treatment of black spots in the road network around Universitas Tadulako." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1075, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1075/1/012042.
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Abstract Safety is an essential thing that must be met in the implementation of traffic activities on the highway. Every effort is made to increase traffic safety. The road network around Universitas Tadulako has a high traffic flow so that the number of accidents increases. The accidents are indicated by several black spot locations. This condition requires research that can identify and find the proper black spot treatment. Therefore, the objectives of this research are to identify and discover the proper black spot treatment on the road network around campus. The method used in this research is an interview of road network users around the campus (students, community members, and the authorities) and inspections of locations that can become black spots. Three hundred forty-six respondents were collected and analyzed. The results show that the location of the black spot around the Universitas Tadulako is in front of the gate of the Universitas Tadulako lecturer housing. The proposed treatments at the black spot location are controlling street vendors’ spots, optimizing traffic lights, setting U-turns, cutting several trees, and repairing road pavements.
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Henry, Michael, Chika Yamasaki, Kohei Nagai, Koji Matsumoto, and Hiroshi Yokota. "Technology Transfer for Safe and Sustainable Road Bridge Life Cycle Management in Myanmar." Journal of Disaster Research 13, no. 1 (February 20, 2018): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2018.p0088.
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While the creation of new infrastructure has played an important role in Myanmar’s rapid economic growth, maintenance of the existing infrastructure is also necessary to ensure its continued safe development. The objective of this paper is to clarify the current practices and technologies for the maintenance and life cycle management of road bridges in Myanmar by reporting and analyzing the results of a series of surveys carried out with Myanmar’s Ministry of Construction. It was found that the maintenance cycle in Myanmar is not fully functional, as there are no standardized methods for inspection and repair, and the results of the inspections are not recorded in a database. However, efforts are under way to prepare a comprehensive manual for road bridges, and a database is being developed as part of a Japanese capacity development project. Analysis of technology transfer activities for maintenance found that the mismatch in conditions between Japan and Myanmar made it difficult to adapt the knowledge acquired in training programs to the local conditions. Furthermore, low awareness of maintenance and an inadequate maintenance budget also hinder opportunities to practice maintenance activities. To achieve sustainable transfer of maintenance technology, future activities should consider financial support for opportunities to acquire practical on-site maintenance experience in Myanmar.
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Palermo, Alessandro, Royce Liu, Adnan Rais, Brandon McHaffie, Kaveh Andisheh, Stefano Pampanin, Roberto Gentile, et al. "Performance of road bridges during the 14 November 2016 Kaikōura Earthquake." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 50, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 253–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.50.2.253-270.
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The transport infrastructure was majorly affected by the 14th November 2016 Kaikōura Earthquake. Severe vertical and horizontal peak ground accelerations generated high inertial forces, land-slides, and liquefaction. Most of the bridges in the Hurunui, Malborough and Kaikōura districts were critical nodes to the railway and road networks. In total, 904 road bridges across those districts were affected. Two reached the life safety limit state, suffering severe damage, however, most of the affected bridges experienced only minor to moderate damage. This paper describes the structural performance of the most severely damaged bridges based on observations made from site inspections. In addition to this, several performance issues have arisen from this event and are posed in this paper, hopefully to be addressed in the near future.
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Shams, Zhaleh, Hamed Khani Sanij, Alireza Afshani, Ehsan Ramezani-Khansari, Fereidoon Moghadas Nejad, and Martin Olazar. "Studying the Effect of Fatigue and Sleepiness of Long-Haul Truck Drivers on Road Accidents by Adopting Structural Equation Models Analysis." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 34, no. 2 (March 30, 2022): 325–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2022-34(2)-16.
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The significant increase in transportation and heavy vehicle traffic has caused freeway routes with heavy traffic to face a decrease in safety levels. Furthermore, fatigue and sleepiness are proven to be two of the main reasons of road accidents, and therefore focus on these issues is crucial. Factors such as “use of engineering (safety) technology for road transport”, “informing the drivers on various educational methods”, “controlling the drivers’ work hours”, “use of different routes (alignment inconsistency)” and “observing the drivers’ mental health” should be approached to reduce the accidents caused by fatigue and sleepiness. Given the complex interrelationships between these variables and the number of road accidents, structural equation modelling has been used in this study to estimate the effect and relationships between multiple variables. Data were collected during a 5-month period by interviewing heavy vehicle drivers (2765 filled-out questionnaires). The Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) has also been used to ascertain the validity of the questionnaires. The mentioned factors affecting the drivers’ fatigue were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 package, which allowed ascertaining that the drivers’ mental health is the factor of greater influence on road accidents caused by fatigue and drowsiness. Therefore, actions to improve the drivers’ mental and emotional health (by improving the currently used engineering (safety) technology and alignment inconsistency) should be enhanced rather than excessive controls on the drivers’ work hours by using GPS, work papers and inspections.
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Wojtysiak, Katarzyna, Ewa Zieliński, and Tomasz Wojsz. "Health hazards as a consequence of the poor technical condition of vehicles in Ghana." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 9, no. 5 (September 24, 2021): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.957.
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Purpose: This is a review to assess the health hazards resulted from the poor technical condition of vehicles in Ghana. In developing countries, the number of vehicles involved in road traffic is systematically increasing. The health consequences of road accidents are a crucial public concern.
Methodology: The PubMed and Google scholar search were used to find literature for this analysis. The following keywords were taken into consideration in this paper: health hazards, technical conditions, vehicles, accidents, developing countries, Ghana. The analysis has been done by the systematic review analysis method. The articles were selected in terms of the health hazards resulting from the poor technical condition of vehicles in Ghana and its effects on road safety. Twenty papers were being reviewed.
Main findings: The quality of vehicles on Ghanaian roads is low. Most of the cars are old. For economic reasons, users often use substandard products to repair cars. Poor-quality, non-original, mismatched parts can lead to an accident. The technical condition of vehicles affects the safety of road users. The security of citizens should be an essential goal of the state. Inspections of the technical condition of cars, especially in public transport, should be strengthened and the frequency increased.
Implications: Based on the analysis of the publications, it was assessed that there is no current literature on technical problems of vehicles in Ghana, with particular emphasis on public transport. This is an essential topic for the security of citizens and should be investigated, analyzed, and lessons learned without delay.
Novelty in this study: There is a lack of systematic reviews of the impact of health hazards resulted from the poor condition of vehicles in Ghana. The paper is an attempt to assess the impact of the problem.
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Hurst, Wesley, and Leslie Pujo. "Vehicle Rental Laws: Road Blocks to Evolving Mobility Models?" Journal of Law and Mobility 2019 (2019): 73–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.36635/jlm.2019.vehicle.
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The laws and regulations governing mobility are inconsistent and antiquated and should be modernized to encourage innovation as we prepare for an autonomous car future. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (“NHTSA”) has concluded that Autonomous Vehicles, or Highly Automated Vehicles (“HAVs”) may “prove to be the greatest personal transportation revolution since the popularization of the personal automobile nearly a century ago.” Preparation for a HAV world is underway as the mobility industry evolves and transforms itself at a remarkable pace. New mobility platforms are becoming more convenient, more automated and more data driven—all of which will facilitate the evolution to HAVs. However, that mobility revolution is hindered by an environment of older laws and regulations that are often incompatible with new models and platforms. Although there are a number of different mobility models, this article will focus on carsharing, peer-to-peer platforms, vehicle subscription programs, and rental car businesses (yes, car rental is a mobility platform). All of these mobility models face a host of inconsistent legal, regulatory and liability issues, which create operational challenges that can stifle innovation. For example, incumbent car rental, a mobility platform that has been in place for over 100 years, is regulated by various state and local laws that address everything from driver’s license inspections to use of telematics systems. Although physical inspection of a customer’s driver’s license at the time of rental is commonplace and expected in a traditional, face-to-face transaction, complying with the driver’s license inspection for a free-floating carsharing or other remote access mobility model becomes more problematic. Part B of this article will review current federal and state vehicle rental laws and regulations that may apply to incumbent rental car companies and other mobility models around the country, including federal laws preempting rental company vicarious liability and requiring the grounding of vehicles with open safety recalls, as well as state laws regulating GPS tracking, negligent entrustment, and toll service fees. Part C poses a series of hypotheticals to illustrate the challenges that the existing patchwork of laws creates for the mobility industry. For instance, whether a mobility operator can utilize GPS or telematics to monitor the location of a vehicle is subject to inconsistent state laws (permitted in Texas, but not California, for example). And vehicle subscription programs are currently prohibited in Indiana, but permitted in most other states. Similarly, peer-to-peer car rental programs currently are prohibited in New York, but permitted in most other states. Finally, Part D of the article will offer some suggested uniform rules for the mobility industry.
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Martins, Mateus A., Thalles V. Garcez, Ana Paula H. de Gusmão, Lucimário G. O. Silva, and Jônatas A. de Almeida. "Multicriteria Model Based on FITradeoff Method for Prioritizing Sections of Brazilian Roads by Criticality." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (December 29, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8894402.
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Three of the most important objectives of the Federal Road Police (Patrol) when managing the traffic on federal roads in Brazil are to ensure that there is an efficient movement of traffic under stable conditions and minimal traffic congestion problems that the federal highways are safe and that accidents do not occur. Therefore, multiple matters are relevant for road safety and user security, such as prompt maintenance of these highways, regular monitoring of their state of conservation and their characteristics; controlling the traffic; and preventing and combatting criminal activities on the highways. However, considering the vast network and different conditions of roads, the different types of traffic accidents and their consequences, and different levels of violence on federal roads, it is essential that these roads undergo regular maintenance and regular inspections, are constantly patrolled, and are subject to continuous improvements. Therefore, defining the prioritization and criticality of roads takes on the characteristics of a multicriteria decision, given the multidimensional aspects of the risks inherent in them. Thus, this paper presents a multicriteria decision model for prioritizing road sections, based on their criticality and the risks that users face. The model was applied using the FITradeoff method, due to its flexibility and due to it requiring less cognitive effort from the decision-maker with regard to providing information regarding his/her preferences. A case study was undertaken on a set of the federal roads of the state of Pernambuco (Brazil), covering 22 different sections with different characteristics. As a result, it was possible to rank and identify the most critical sections of a highway. The use of FITradeoff gave support to decision-making on ordering the sections and also let a general analysis of the data be undertaken.
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Santos, Ademir F., Maurício S. Bonatte, Hélder S. Sousa, Túlio N. Bittencourt, and José C. Matos. "Improvement of the Inspection Interval of Highway Bridges through Predictive Models of Deterioration." Buildings 12, no. 2 (January 26, 2022): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12020124.
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Bridges have substantial significance within the transport system, considering that their functionality is essential for countries’ social and economic development. Accordingly, a superior level of safety and serviceability must be reached to ensure the operating status of the bridge network. On that account, the recent collapses of road bridges have led the technical–scientific community and society to reflect on the effectiveness of their management. Bridges in a network are likely to share coinciding environmental conditions but may be subjected to distinct structural deterioration processes over time depending on their age, location, structural type, and other aspects. This variation is usually not considered in the bridge management predictions. For instance, the Brazilian standards consider a constant inspection periodicity, regardless of the bridges’ singularities. Consequently, it is helpful to pinpoint and split the bridge network into classes sharing equivalent deterioration trends to obtain a more precise prediction and improve the frequency of inspections. This work presents a representative database of the Brazilian bridge network, including the most relevant data obtained from inspections. The database was used to calibrate two independent predictive models (Markov and artificial neural network). The calibrated model was employed to simulate different scenarios, resulting in significant insights to improve the inspection periodicity. As a result, the bridge’s location accounting for the differentiation of exposure was a critical point when analyzing the bridge deterioration process. Finally, the degradation models developed following the proposed procedure deliver a more reliable forecast when compared to a single degradation model without parameter analysis. These more reliable models may assist the decision process of the bridge management system (BMS).
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Майоров, В. И., and В. В. Денисенко. "ON THE APPLICATION OF CHECKLISTS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF FEDERAL STATE SUPERVISION IN THE FIELD OF ROAD SAFETY." Modern Science, no. 3 (July 5, 2021): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.53039/2079-4401.2021.5.3.012.
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В статье проанализировано такое направление современной реформы контроля и надзора, как введение чек- листов (проверочных листов), используемых при проведении плановых проверок контрольно-надзорными органами. При осуществлении федерального государственного надзора в области безопасности дорожного движения использование чек-листов является обязательным, в связи с чем авторами исследована правовая база их внедрения, определены основные проблемы данного процесса. The article analyzes such a direction of modern reform of control and supervision as the introduction of check lists (checklists) used in conducting scheduled inspections by control and supervisory authorities. In the implementation of federal state supervision in the field of roadsafety, the use of check lists is mandatory, in connection with which the authors investigated the legal basis for their implementation, and identified the main problems of this process.
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Daneshgaran, Fred, Luca Zacheo, Francesco Di Stasio, and Marina Mondin. "Use of Deep Learning for Automatic Detection of Cracks in Tunnels: Prototype-2 Developed in the 2017–2018 Time Period." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 9 (May 3, 2019): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119845656.
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Cracks on the surfaces inside road tunnels are among the most critical problems in the management of such tunnels and, if not properly addressed, can have severe consequences in relation to safety and costs. Nowadays, the main techniques used for analysis of such surfaces make use of either human inspections or complex automated systems, which are, respectively, very time consuming and expensive, and/or difficult to implement. There is therefore great interest in a low-cost data-acquisition platform coupled with Artificial Intelligence-based automated crack detection system. This paper introduces a low-cost technique for road tunnel inspections based on a simple system that does not require complex preliminary work and can also be used in tunnels with a normal traffic flow. In particular, thanks to a second-generation data-acquisition system developed in the 2017–2018 academic year, a series of high-resolution pictures can be obtained and used in a pre-trained deep neural network able to identify the presence of cracks through the classification of the pictures. Thanks to deep learning techniques, it is possible to exploit the power of Inception-v4, a deep convolutional neural network provided by Google, which can be retrained for the specific purpose of crack detection. This kind of network has been trained with a pictures database generated using a second data-acquisition prototype developed during the 2017–2018 academic year.
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Liu, Shu-Shun, Agung Budiwirawan, Muhammad Faizal Ardhiansyah Arifin, Wei Tong Chen, and Ying-Hua Huang. "Optimization Model for the Pavement Pothole Repair Problem Considering Consumable Resources." Symmetry 13, no. 3 (February 24, 2021): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13030364.
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When heavy rain strikes Taiwan, it always results in cracks in road pavement, and damages arising from potholes. Tremendously compromising road safety, road users may have fatal accidents caused by untimely repair actions. The road maintenance department needs to take the responsibilities for road sections in the form of inspections and faces the decision about how to properly allocate available resources to repair pavement damages immediately. When performing pavement repair works, we need to consider the resource consumption behavior and explore the mechanism of replenishing resources and calculating the return time. Therefore, in order to help maintenance units to deal with consumable resource issues, this study proposes a novel approach to offer the mechanism of consumable resource calculation, which is difficult to solve through the traditional vehicle routing problem (VRP) approach. This proposed model treats the pothole repair problem as a resource-constrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP), which is capable of resolving such consumable resource considerations. The proposed model was developed by adopting constraint programming (CP) techniques. Research results showed that the proposed model is capable of providing the optimal decisions of pavement pothole repair tasks and also meets practical requirements to make appropriate adjustment, and helps the maintenance unit to shorten total repair duration and optimize resource assignment decisions of pavement maintenance objectives.
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Ryguła, Artur, Krzysztof Brzozowski, and Andrzej Maczyński. "Limitations of the effectiveness of Weigh in Motion systems." Open Engineering 10, no. 1 (March 17, 2020): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2020-0020.
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AbstractOverloaded vehicles pose a real threat to road safety and significantly contribute to the degradation of the road surface. High-Speed Weigh in Motion (HS-WIM) stations are the commonly used method of eliminating them from traffic. In Poland, HS-WIM stations operate in pre-selection mode, sending information to services about the potential exceedance of acceptable standards by a specific vehicle. The article presents the results of the data analysis from selected HS-WIM stations operating on the national road network in Poland indicating significant limitations of the effectiveness of the whole system. The main reason for this may be that carriers use the knowledge about the HS-WIM stations location and working time to avoid inspections. The results presented in the paper indicate, among other things, that in some locations the share of vehicles overloaded with traffic increases significantly outside the working hours of the controlling services. For Light Commercial Vehicle, the share of overloaded vehicles in this group is also significant. Also, the paper indicates that the effectiveness of the procedure for determining vehicle overload has been limited due to errors in classification.
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Tosti, Fabio, and Andrea Umiliaco. "FDTD Simulation of the GPR Signal for Preventing the Risk of Accidents due to Pavement Damages." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking 6, no. 1 (January 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitn.2014010101.
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It is well known that road safety issues are closely dependent on both pavement structural damages and surface unevenness, whose occurrence is often related to ineffective pavement asset management. The evaluation of road pavement operability is traditionally carried out through distress identification manuals on the basis of standardized comprehensive indexes, as a result of visual inspections or measurements, wherein the failure causes can be partially detected. In this regard, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has proven to be over the past decades an effective and efficient technique to enable better management of pavement assets and better diagnosis of the causes of pavement failures. In this study, one of the main causes (i.e. subgrade failures) of surface damage is analyzed through finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation of the GPR signal. The GprMax 2D numerical simulator for GPR is used on three different types of flexible pavement to retrieve the numerical solution of Maxwell's equations in the time domain. Results show the high potential of GPR in detecting the causes of such damage.
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Đukić, Aleksandar, Dragan Gatarić, Radenka Bjelošević, Branko Aleksić, and Vuk Bogdanović. "Road safety inspection of regional road M14.1 section: Nova Topola – Srbac." Put i saobraćaj 66, no. 4 (December 11, 2020): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31075/pis.66.04.06.
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Inspection of traffic safety has being conducted on regional road M14.1 section which starts at Nova Topola (intersection M16 and M14.1), crossing through places Krajišnik, Trošelji, Kočićevo, Gornji Kladari, Razboj, Prijebljezi, Povelič, Inađol and ends at Srbac (intersection M14.1 and P474). Applied methodology for inspection of traffic safety is presented in “Road Safety Inspection Guidelines for Safety Checks of Existing Roads”. Control lists are used by chapter “''Checklists for Interurban main roads crossing built-up areas of towns and villages”, published by World Road Association (PIARC) in 2012 year, also and control list from “Guidelines for Inspection Traffic Safty in Republic of Srpska”.
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Gruden, Chiara. "The evaluation of the surrogate safety measures along a pedestrian confined ramp of an old bridge." European Transport/Trasporti Europei, no. 77 (May 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.48295/et.2020.77.7.
Full textAbstract:
Pedestrians walk daily to meet their basic needs. Therefore, over the years it has been attempted to make urban context more livable, respecting the needs of weak road users. Pedestrian mobility is also growing strongly from the point of view of tourism, especially in the areas where government measures are taken to reduce vehicular flow in order to let the architectural and landscape assets more usable. Often tourist itineraries are made of narrow areas crossed by numerous pedestrians, leading to possible critical circumstances. The criticality is connected to a likely reduction of safety and use (comfort and possible delays). Confined spaces such as small streets or pedestrian bridges well exemplify the described situation. Particularly, pedestrian bridges are often composed of ramps with variable slopes and consist of different floors, making walking difficult and therefore reducing travel speed and limiting the mobility of users such as handicapped or elderly people. Starting from the geometrical evaluation of the old bridge of Mostar (BIH), this article provides some ideas for evaluating the safety of pedestrians during the journey on the bridge, under different flow conditions. The analyses were carried out starting from an estimate of pedestrian flows from video monitoring. Safety was then assessed thanks to the calculation of surrogate measures, based on the trajectories of individuals, obtained through tracking tools. Camera monitoring and inspections to survey infrastructure’s geometric features ease the procedure of data entering into image processing software. The evaluation of individual pedestrian trajectories and/or their interactions allows to estimate the movement variations through the study of parameters such as speed variation, pedestrian density and surrogate safety factors. Surrogate safety measures, indeed, are indicators calculated for a chosen pair of users interacting in the detected scene. Among these factors there are: relative speed (Delta-V), Time-To-Collision (TTC), Time Advantage (TAdv) and T2. All the above-mentioned kinds of measures are interesting to study generally the behavioural aspects of road traffic and, specifically, safety level and factors influencing it. The purpose of this work is to estimate the effects of induced pedestrian mobility on Mostar’s Ottoman bridge in terms of safety, with the aim of preventing negative scenarios that could lead to a bad infrastructural level of service. Keywords: road safety; pedestrian trajectories; surrogate safety measures.
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De Blasiis, Maria Rosaria, Alessandro Di Benedetto, and Margherita Fiani. "Mobile Laser Scanning Data for the Evaluation of Pavement Surface Distress." Remote Sensing 12, no. 6 (March 14, 2020): 942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12060942.
Full textAbstract:
The surface conditions of road pavements, including the occurrence and severity of distresses present on the surface, are an important indicator of pavement performance. Periodic monitoring and condition assessment is an essential requirement for the safety of vehicles moving on that road and the wellbeing of people. The traditional characterization of the different types of distress often involves complex activities, sometimes inefficient and risky, as they interfere with road traffic. The mobile laser systems (MLS) are now widely used to acquire detailed information about the road surface in terms of a three-dimensional point cloud. Despite its increasing use, there are still no standards for the acquisition and processing of the data collected. The aim of our work was to develop a procedure for processing the data acquired by MLS, in order to identify the localized degradations that mostly affect safety. We have studied the data flow and implemented several processing algorithms to identify and quantify a few types of distresses, namely potholes and swells/shoves, starting from very dense point clouds. We have implemented data processing in four steps: (i) editing of the point cloud to extract only the points belonging to the road surface, (ii) determination of the road roughness as deviation in height of every single point of the cloud with respect to the modeled road surface, (iii) segmentation of the distress (iv) computation of the main geometric parameters of the distress in order to classify it by severity levels. The results obtained by the proposed methodology are promising. The procedures implemented have made it possible to correctly segmented and identify the types of distress to be analyzed, in accordance with the on-site inspections. The tests carried out have shown that the choice of the values of some parameters to give as input to the software is not trivial: the choice of some of them is based on considerations related to the nature of the data, for others, it derives from the distress to be segmented. Due to the different possible configurations of the various distresses it is better to choose these parameters according to the boundary conditions and not to impose default values. The test involved a 100-m long urban road segment, the surface of which was measured with an MLS installed on a vehicle that traveled the road at 10 km/h.
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Bodnar, Larysa, Serhii Zavhorodnii, Serhii Stepanov, and Vitalii Yastrubinetskyi. "ANALYSIS OF DURABILITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES OF BRIDGES ACCORDING TO THEIR TYPICAL DESIGNS." Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny 264, no. 4 (December 21, 2020): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33868/0365-8392-2020-4-264-58-63.
Full textAbstract:
Thousands of bridges built in the 20th century are operated on Ukrainian roads. In the limited funding of the road industry of Ukraine, the age of highway bridges is constantly increasing, the number of defects in structures is growing. The largest number of defects is concentrated in the bridge spans. The main part of the bridge spans consists of prefabricated reinforced concrete beams, manufactured in factories of reinforced concrete structures according to standard designs developed in the middle of the last century. As a result of long-term operation of bridges, the shortcomings of these designs which reduce the service life of bridge spans and bridges in general are revealed. The systematic approach is required to study this process. The Analytical Expert Bridge Management System (AESUM) operates in the Ukravtodor system. This software complex accumulates all the information on the results of inspections (certification) of bridges on public roads. The special module AESUM – a database of standard designs of bridge spans which is constantly updated was developed to make decisions on repair works taking into account the features of structures on standard designs, to store this information in a single complex, in electronic form. Standard designs of reinforced concrete bridge spans built and operated on the roads of Ukraine are considered, and a comparative analysis of the features of these designs is performed taking into account the impact on the safety of bridge operation, their main features and shortcomings are given. The concept of rank of the standard design on durability is entered. A formula for estimating the durability of bridge span of a standard design using this concept is proposed. The analysis of durability of bridge span is performed. A number of problematic standard designs have been identified. Keywords: road bridge, standard designs, durability.
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Wei, Zhanying, Mengmeng Yang, Liuzhao Wang, Hao Ma, Xuexia Chen, and Ruofei Zhong. "Customized Mobile LiDAR System for Manhole Cover Detection and Identification." Sensors 19, no. 10 (May 27, 2019): 2422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19102422.
Full textAbstract:
Manhole covers, which are a key element of urban infrastructure management, have a direct impact on travel safety. At present, there is no automatic, safe, and efficient system specially used for the intelligent detection, identification, and assessment of manhole covers. In this work, we developed an automatic detection, identification, and assessment system for manhole covers. First, we developed a sequential exposure system via the addition of multiple cameras in a symmetrical arrangement to realize the joint acquisition of high-precision laser data and ultra-high-resolution ground images. Second, we proposed an improved histogram of an oriented gradient with symmetry features and a support vector machine method to detect manhole covers effectively and accurately, by using the intensity images and ground orthophotos that are derived from the laser points and images, respectively, and apply the graph segmentation and statistical analysis to achieve the detection, identification, and assessment of manhole covers. Qualitative and quantitative analyses are performed using large experimental datasets that were acquired with the modified manhole-cover detection system. The detected results yield an average accuracy of 96.18%, completeness of 94.27%, and F-measure value of 95.22% in manhole cover detection. Defective manhole-cover monitoring and manhole-cover ownership information are achieved from these detection results. The results not only provide strong support for road administration works, such as data acquisition, manhole cover inquiry and inspection, and statistical analysis of resources, but also demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method, which reduces the risk involved in performing manual inspections, improves the manhole-cover detection accuracy, and serves as a powerful tool in intelligent road administration.
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Yakovlev, Konstantin, and Sergey Legostaev. "TECHNICAL DIAGNOSTICS-GUARANTEE OF HIGH-QUALITY AND EFFECTIVE MAINTENANCE OF TIMBER ROLLING STOCK." Forestry Engineering Journal 10, no. 4 (January 19, 2021): 208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2020.4/17.
Full textAbstract:
A logging vehicle is a source of increased danger, and its serviceability affects road safety. Diagnostics of the technical condition of the car allows you to timely identify serious defects in components, mechanisms and aggregates without removing them and disassembling them, to have time to eliminate malfunctions in time and bring the technical characteristics to the standard. Analysis of the literature data has shown that diagnostics of the technical condition of a logging vehicle plays an important role in preventing accidents. Our task was to improve the reliability of the car and reduce the complexity of work during the next maintenance. In the article, we justify the criteria necessary for the organization of safe operation of logging vehicles when transporting timber on public roads. The age and technical condition of the timber rolling stock fleet is analyzed. The most frequent failures of forest transport vehicles on the example of cars of the KAMAZ family, affecting the organization of traffic safety, are determined. The necessity of pre-trip control inspections and Express diagnostics of vehicles is revealed. Taking into account the identified shortcomings, the scheme of post-trip removal of parameters from the built-in diagnostics system of a logging vehicle and subsequent remote transmission of data to the server of the control room of a motor transport enterprise has been developed. The conducted scientific research allowed us to find a solution to the problem, which is to allocate technical diagnostics in an independent type of technical impact. This measure will reduce the costs of premature technical impacts on the systems, components and aggregates of timber rolling stock without reducing the requirements for traffic safety