Journal articles: 'Road safety engineering'

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Zein, Sany R., and Frank Navin. "Road Safety Engineering: Role for Insurance Companies?" Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1734, no. 1 (January 2000): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1734-02.

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Over the last 10 years there has been a growing trend among automobile insurance companies to become involved in road safety engineering programs. While the involvement of insurance companies in driver education and vehicle design initiatives is common, insurance company initiatives aimed at the engineering element of road safety is a relatively new trend. This research summarizes the major road safety engineering programs undertaken by six insurance companies in Australia, Canada, and the United States, and presents some of the results achieved. The research finds that the immediacy of the benefit derived from road safety engineering improvements, coupled with an expanding knowledge base in this field, are contributing to the growth in interest in road safety among insurance companies. The financial interest of insurance companies in reducing crash frequencies and severities, as well as any related positive public image that road safety advocacy can generate, will likely mean that more insurance companies will be exploring avenues for participation in road safety programs. Opportunities exist for cooperation between the insurance industry and transportation engineers, and they should be pursued for mutual benefit. Although the ultimate responsibility and authority for roads should remain with public agencies, the incentive and emphasis that insurance companies place on road safety provide a unique opportunity to help reduce the daily risks that we face in a mobile world.

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BRAMWELL, FJ. "ROAD SAFETY - THE ENGINEERING ASPECTS." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 80, no. 3 (June 1986): 651–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/iicep.1986.677.

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Sabey, B. "Engineering safety on the road." Injury Prevention 1, no. 3 (September 1, 1995): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ip.1.3.182.

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Hauer, Ezra. "Engineering judgment and road safety." Accident Analysis & Prevention 129 (August 2019): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2019.04.022.

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Lemke, Kerstin. "Road Safety in Tunnels." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1740, no. 1 (January 2000): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1740-22.

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Roads in tunnels differ from comparable open-road sections in many respects. For most drivers a tunnel is an unusual driving environment in the road network that might even cause stress. A safety analysis was carried out to estimate average accident rates and accident cost rates for different cross sections of tunnels on German roads. The analysis is based on all the available accident data for German freeway and highway tunnels reported to police. Personal injury accidents and material-damage-only accidents were analyzed separately. The findings indicate that accident rates are lower for roads in tunnels. Moreover, accidents with severe personal injury and material damage are less frequent on roads in tunnels. However, the fear of a maximum credible accident still remains.

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Wang, Wei. "Construction Technology and Safety Monitoring Measures of Road and Bridge Engineering." Journal of Architectural Research and Development 5, no. 5 (September 28, 2021): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jard.v5i5.2542.

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With the acceleration of urbanization and the continuous improvement of urban infrastructure construction, roads and bridges, as an important infrastructure content in China, directly affect people’s daily travel. Therefore, the construction and management of roads and bridges must be improved to ensure the quality and safety of roads and bridges and effectively prevent safety accidents. Strengthen the management of road and bridge construction through safety monitoring, improve the safety factor of the project and ensure people’s travel safety. This paper mainly analyzes the common diseases and construction technology of road and bridge engineering construction, and puts forward safety monitoring measures.

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Choudhary, Pratibha, and Prerana Arora. "Forgiving Roads Design – Way to achieve SDG 3.6." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 28 (2022): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2022.v28i07s.031.

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Road engineering is a major component of entire road ecosystem and its design plays a significant role in creating safe or unsafe road environment for any crash to be happen or not. Pillar 2 of Decade of Action for Road Safety talks about “Safer Road Infrastructure” where roads are to be designed to meet atleast 3 star safety ratings to 5 star ratings of safety standards of all types of road users – pedestrians, bicyclists, 2- wheeler and four wheeler motorized vehicles. Thus, a concept of Forgiving roads adopted where roads are designed with considering safety features that accepts the mistakes of road users and reduces the chances of intensity of fatalities and injuries on roads.

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Liu, Xing Wang. "Road Curve Speed Control Engineering Study." Applied Mechanics and Materials 66-68 (July 2011): 793–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.66-68.793.

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Horizontal curves have been recognised as a significant safety issue for many years, a more important factor than road width, vertical clearance or sight distance. This study investigates the issue of speed selection through curves from several different perspectives. The relationship between safety and curve speed in SiChuan provinces was analysed using data from the local crash database. A sample of curves was selected and surveyed. Following this, acurve treatments for controlling Curve speed for different vehicles was developed based on many factors that has influence on safey.

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BRAMWELL, FJ, and JW BULL. "ROAD SAFETY - THE ENGINEERING ASPECTS. DISCUSSION." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 82, no. 2 (April 1987): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/iicep.1987.405.

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de Leur, Paul, and Tarek Sayed. "A framework to proactively consider road safety within the road planning process." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 30, no. 4 (August 1, 2003): 711–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l03-034.

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All too often, engineering strategies aimed at improving road safety are reactions to existing problems that occur after a road has been designed and built. Targeting problem locations and developing plans to reduce collisions are vital and have proven to be very successful. Transportation professionals, however, should also take a proactive approach to address road safety before problems emerge. This paper describes an evolving need of how to deal with road safety in a proactive manner. Although a proactive approach should improve the overall safety performance, there is currently a poor understanding of how to proactively plan for road safety. Several logistical and technical obstacles hinder the effective planning for road safety. Each of these obstacles is presented in detail, followed by a description of the opportunity to overcome each obstacle. The paper also includes the results of a case study used to demonstrate the proposed process. A proactive approach to road safety complements traditional, reactive methods currently in use. Significant progress will be realized once safety professionals shift their focus from fixing existing problems to helping plan roads that attempt to be problem free. The net result should be a safer road system.Key words: proactive road safety, safety audits, safety planning, safety evaluation, safety improvements.

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Danchevska, Verica, Zoran Joshevski, and Dejan Danchevski. "Road Safety Management Model." Transport and Communications 7, no. 2 (2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/tac.c.2019.2.1.

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Traffic accidents are a serious problem in every society. Traffic safety is a science that analyzes road accidents with material damage, lightly injured, severely injured and killed persons. This paper proposes that road safety investment can be optimised by the development of a road safety management model. Road safety strategies typically include a basket of engineering, enforcement and education/training measures but there does not appear to be any management model which permits the optimisation of road safety investment. The proposed model utilises linear programming to predict changes in road safety resulting from safety interventions. It is mainly based on research in the areas of engineering and enforcement since there is little published research on the correlation between education and accident reduction. The model output provides the accident reduction and associated costs resulting from feasible road safety strategies. This should benefit policy makers when allocating resources. This example will be good experience for Traffic safety management system in the Republic of Macedonia.

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Harris, Peter. "Subjectivity in Road Safety and Traffic Engineering." Journal of Road Safety 31, no. 4 (November 1, 2020): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33492/jrs-d-20-00261.

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Introduction This paper discusses subjectivity in road design guidelines, and examples of it within practice from the perspective of a professional road safety auditor. Background Subjectivity was alluded to when linking crash interventions and contributing factors within a recent study (Doecke et al, 2020). This paper acknowledged that subjectivity was present even amongst a panel of experts advising on a link derived from an ‘evidence base’. This inspired an examination of subjectivity within road safety and traffic engineering, how it is discussed in common road guidelines, and how it manifests within a practitioner’s assessment.

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Kustra, Wojciech, Joanna Żukowska, Marcin Budzyński, and Kazimierz Jamroz. "Injury Prediction Models for Onshore Road Network Development." Polish Maritime Research 26, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2019-0029.

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Abstract Integrating different modes of transport (road, rail, air and water) is important for port cities. To accommodate this need, new transport hubs must be built such as airports or sea ports. If ports are to grow, they must be accessible, a feature which is best achieved by building new roads, including fast roads. Poland must develop a network of fast roads that will provide good access to ports. What is equally important is to upgrade the network of national roads to complement fast roads. A key criterion in this case is to ensure that the roads are efficient to minimise time lost for road users and safe. With safety standards and safety management practices varying vastly across the EU, Directive 2008/96/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council was a way to ensure that countries follow procedures for assessing the impact of road projects on road safety and conduct road safety audits, road safety management and road safety inspections. The main goal of the research was to build mathematical models to combine road safety measures, i.e. injury density (DI) and accident density (DA), with road and traffic factors on longer sections, all based on risk analysis. The practical objective is to use these models to develop tools for assessing how new road projects will impact road safety. Because previous research on models to help estimate injuries (I) or injury density (DI) on long sections was scarce, the authors addressed that problem in their work. The idea goes back to how Poland is introducing procedures for assessing the effects of infrastructure on safety and developing a method to estimate accident indicators to support economic analysis for new roads, a solution applied in JASPERS. Another reason for the research was Poland’s insufficient and ineffective pool of road safety management tools in Poland. The paper presents analyses of several models which achieved satisfactory results. They are consistent with the work of other researchers and the outcomes of previous research conducted by the authors. The authors built the models based on a segmentation of national roads into sections from 10 to 50 km, making sure that they feature consistent cross-sections and average daily traffic volumes. Models were built based on the method described by Jamroz (Jamroz, 2011). Using the available road traffic volume data, each section was assigned variables defining geometric and traffic features. Based on studies conducted on road sections, the variables were either averaged over the entire length of the section or calculated as a percentage of the variable occurring over the entire length: related to traffic volume, roadside environment or cross section

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Gross, Frank, Kimberly Eccles, and Daniel Nabors. "Low-Volume Roads and Road Safety Audits." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2213, no. 1 (January 2011): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2213-06.

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Kar, Kohinoor, and Michael R. Blankenship. "Road Safety Audit." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2182, no. 1 (January 2010): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2182-15.

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Tighe, Susan, Ningyuan Li, Lynne Cowe Falls, and Ralph Haas. "Incorporating Road Safety into Pavement Management." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1699, no. 1 (January 2000): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1699-01.

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Improving road safety through proper pavement engineering and maintenance should be one of the major objectives of pavement management systems. When pavements are evaluated in terms of safety, a number of factors related to pavement engineering properties are raised, such as pavement geometric design, paving materials and mix design, pavement surface properties, shoulder type, and pavement color and visibility. Each year there are voluminous annual reports on traffic accident statistics and discussions of such road safety issues as road safety modeling and pavement safety measurements and criteria. Although road safety may be considered a separate area, it should be incorporated into pavement management systems. The main pavement engineering relationships associated with road safety are identified, and the various aspects of road safety related to pavement management, such as pavement types, pavement surface macrotexture and microtexture, and pavement safety measurements, criteria, and evaluation methods, are discussed. A systematic approach is proposed for the coordination of pavement maintenance programs with road safety improvement and the incorporation or integration of safety management with pavement and other management systems. Finally, a list of possible remedial measures for road safety improvements associated with pavement maintenance activities is recommended.

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Ebrahim, Zuhair, and Hamid Nikraz. "Management of Speeding Comparing Two Applied Engineering Measures." Management and Production Engineering Review 4, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mper-2013-0023.

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Abstract The importance of safety comes from the responsibility towards protecting the vulnerable road users, who seem to be the victims in most road crashes. Thus, authorities tend to focus on reducing the travelling speed of the vehicles, whereas some road users may consider the move to interfere with mobility. In this study, a case study in Perth’s two roads was conducted to compare two engineering treatments of speed reductions on these two busy shopping strips. The study aim is to illustrate the effect of using the electronic flashing signs rather than the standard signs in terms of speeding reduction and harm minimisation. Crash data were analysed and supported the safety benefits of the electronic flashing signs. Authorities have measured the reduction of the travelling speeds of vehicles and found it to be encouraging. There are clear, positive safety benefits from the study in terms of engineering and enforcement measures

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Pritchard, Michael S. "Safety, security, and serviceability in road engineering." Accident Analysis & Prevention 127 (June 2019): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2019.02.026.

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Wei, Lian Yu, Kai Zhen Jiang, Shi Bin Ma, and Yan Jun Zheng. "Research on Security Facilities for Mountainous Countryside Based on the Characteristics of Security Needs." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 2757–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.2757.

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This paper analyzes the main safety and security problems of the mountainous rural roads. According to the characteristics of the mountains rural roads, traffic conditions and road environment, learned from domestic and international research and engineering experience, following the principles about safety, economy, environmental protection, and easy-maintenance, research for the security facilities suitable for rural road design.

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Bogdevičius, Marijonas, Olegas Prentkovskis, and Oleg Vladimirov. "ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS OF TRAFFIC SAFETY PROBLEMS OF ROAD TRANSPORT." TRANSPORT 19, no. 1 (February 28, 2004): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2004.9637952.

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The authors of this paper focus on the simulation of the motor vehicle movement (taking into consideration motor vehicle dynamics, motor vehicle hydraulic brake system influence on motor vehicle movement, interaction between its wheels with road pavements, road guardrail characteristics, interaction between motor vehicle and road guardrail) on a certain road section and propose their specific solution of this problem. The presented results, illustrating the motor vehicle movement trajectories (motor vehicle braking and interaction between motor vehicle and road guardrail at various initial conditions and at various certain pavement surface of the road section under investigation) and work of a motor vehicle hydraulic brake system. Taking into consideration the presented general mathematical model and computer aided test results it is possible to investigate various road transport traffic situations as well as to investigate various transport traffic safety problems.

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Lakušić, Stjepan, Davor Brčić, and Višnja Tkalčević Lakušić. "Analysis of Vehicle Vibrations – New Approach to Rating Pavement Condition of Urban Roads." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 23, no. 6 (February 21, 2012): 485–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v23i6.183.

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Urban road infrastructure is daily burdened by heavy traffic volume. Pavement structure roughness observations are significantly more difficult in urban agglomerations than on roads in unpopulated areas. Roughness, expressed by IRI (International Roughness Index), directly affects the quality and safety of road traffic. Within the framework of the pavement management in relation to safety and the achievement of the best possible ride comfort, it is very important to foresee when a road should be reconstructed. The method for quality evaluations of safety and ride comfort on urban roads presented in this paper is based on vehicle vibrations measurements. In the article, measuring of vehicle vibrations was performed on the main urban roads in Zagreb (Croatia). Measurements covered roads with different pavement surface roughness. This method can be simply and very easily used in pavement management aimed at achieving road safety and better ride comfort. The results of measurements according to this method could be used by traffic and civil engineering experts as an indication for the roads that require reconstruction or maintenance. KEY WORDS: urban roads, traffic flow, safety, vehicle vibrations, road surface roughness (IRI)

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Laurinavičius, Alfredas, Lina Juknevičiūtė-Žilinskienė, Kornelija Ratkevičiūtė, Ineta Lingytė, Laura Čygaitė, Vytautas Grigonis, Rasa Ušpalytė-Vitkūnienė, et al. "POLICY INSTRUMENTS FOR MANAGING ROAD SAFETY ON EU-ROADS." TRANSPORT 27, no. 4 (December 21, 2012): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2012.751934.

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Directive 2008/96/EC on road infrastructure safety management requires the establishment and implementation of procedures relating to road safety impact assessments (RSIA), road safety audits (RSA), ranking of high accident concentration sections and network safety ranking (NSR) and road safety inspections (RSI). The aim of this article is to present the outputs of BALTRIS project. The goal of the international project BALTRIS is to elaborate the road and street infrastructure safety management procedures and teaching material consistently explaining the above mentioned infrastructure management procedures. Four Baltic Sea region countries (Sweden, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), represented by universities and national road administrations participate in the elaboration of these procedures and teaching material. This article describes the scope of NSR, RSA and RSI procedures prepared in the frame of BALTRIS project, also article provides detailed implementation and execution of procedures for the EU Member States. NSR means a method for identifying, analysing and classifying parts of the existing road network according to their potential for safety development and accident cost savings. Ranking of high accident concentration sectionsmeans a method to identify, analyse and rank sections of the road network which have been in operation for 3÷5 years and upon which a large number of fatal/injury accidents in proportion to the traffic flow or compared to respective conditions have occurred. RSI is a strategic comparative analysis of the impact of the new road or a substantial modification to the existing network on the safety performance of the road network. RSA is a formal safety performance examination of the existing or future road or intersection by an independent audit team.

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GORZELANCZYK, Piotr, Martin JURKOVIČ, Justyna SKIBIŃSKA, and Tomáš KALINA. "ROAD SAFETY AND THE CAUSES OF ROAD ACCIDENTS IN POLAND." Transport Problems 17, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 20–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20858/tp.2022.17.3.02.

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The number of road traffic accidents in the world has been increasing. This is mainly related to the constant increase in road traffic. The aim of this article is to examine the causes of road accidents in Poland in terms of road traffic safety. For this purpose, road incidents that occurred in Poland were analysed. In order to verify the presented statistical data on the state of safety in Poland, a survey was carried out to indicate the factors that most often cause traffic accidents. Possibilities for increasing the efficiency of traffic safety and an evaluation of the level of safety in vehicles were also part of the survey. The results showed that the state of RS, in the opinion of the respondents, is poor. The respondents correctly indicated the most frequent causes of road accidents, which confirms their knowledge in the field of road safety. The survey also showed that the activities of the police and programmes for increasing safety need improvement. According to the respondents, the actions that should be taken to improve safety are, first of all, the improvement of the technical condition of roads and the modernisation of road infrastructure. In addition, the survey showed that most men are car drivers, while women primarily travel on foot; the results also showed that the knowledge of RS is better among women.

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Brożyna, Ewa. "Human factor and traffic safety." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 18, no. 7-8 (August 31, 2017): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2017.029.

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This article deals with issues in the field of traffic engineering. According to its assumptions, traffic is a system consisting of three inseparable elements which are man, vehicle and road. In this article, the author focuses on the relationship between two of these elements: human as a road user and a path that should be a subordinate of the user’s capabilities and convenience. The first part of the article is an introduction to the topic of the article. There are presented the data on the amount of road traffic accidents caused by human factors and the categories of errors committed by drivers. In the further part there were analyzed the biological factors which have influence on driver’s actions such as sight, attention and reaction time with particular emphasis on the imperfections of those factors which should be taken into account when designing roads and organizing traffic because it lets to provide a higher level of road safety. The purpose of this article is to develop practical conclusions for road design and traffic management that will help to better adjust the road transport infrastructure to the capabilities and natural limitations of the human person. These conclusions are included in the summary.

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Torres, Caio Assunção, Vanessa Jamille Mesquita Xavier, and Flávio José Craveiro Cunto. "Analyzing the Relationship between Road Safety Pillars and the World Health Organization Member States’ Mortality Rate using Structural Equation Modeling Approach." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 4 (March 23, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120912917.

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Road deaths phenomenon suggests the development of studies that consider the complex causal relationship between the factors that influence it at the compatible level with the definition of road safety policies. This paper analyzes the influence of 48 road safety performance indicators on the mortality rate of 175 World Health Organization Member States in 2016. Structural equation models were proposed to evaluate the proposition and use of latent variables that represent five major road safety policy areas and the influence on mortality rates. The proposed model structure indicated that management has a strategic role in public policies, having an indirect influence on reducing the mortality rate through safe vehicles, user safety, and safe roads and mobility. The results indicated that policies aimed at encouraging users’ safe behavior were the ones that had the greatest influence in reducing road deaths followed by policies in safer vehicles, road safety management, safer roads and mobility, and post-crash response.

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Kaskiv, Volodymyr, Andrii Vozniuk, and Liudmyla Nahrebelna. "TOWARDS ROAD SAFETY AUDIT ON ROAD NETWORK OF UKRAINE." Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny, no. 1 (261)’2020 (March 20, 2020): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33868/0365-8392-2020-1-261-32-39.

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The key role in the implementation of the state transport strategy is played by the development of transport infrastructure, the most important component of which is the road network. The compliance of highways with the requirements of modern traffic flows determines not only the efficiency of industry and agriculture, but also ensuring the proper standard of living of people and the state defense capability. Problems of efficient functioning of public roads, urban roads and streets of Ukraine are outlined. The main provisions for the road safety audit are outlined. Road safety audits are proven to be one of the most effective engineering tools that affect road safety. The main benefit of road safety audit is the detailed assessment of the road safety design solutions at all stages of design. The purpose of a road safety audit is to answer the following questions: - what road elements could pose a threat to road users: to what extent, to what road users and under what circumstances; - what opportunities exist to eliminate or reduce the impact of identified threats on traffic safety. The earlier an audit is carried out in the design and construction processes, the better and more useful the results are. Carrying out an audit in the early stages can help eliminate problems early and, as a consequence, minimize the time and cost of redesigning in the subsequent stages. In addition, it should be noted that conducting an audit leads to intensive negotiations between the auditors, the customer and the designer. Such negotiations are useful for raising awareness of all stakeholders, as well as for improving day-to-day work, design procedures and will be useful for updating building standards or norms. The questions of improvement of methods of calculation of safe speed of movement, development of algorithms of multivariate analysis of conditions of movement, identification of potentially dangerous sites and identification of causes of danger are considered. A mechanism is provided that can significantly accelerate such an audit, effectively utilize human, time and financial resources. Keywords: audit, algorithm, traffic safety, road, method, model, speed.

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Hakkert, Alfred S., Irit Hocherman, and Abraham Mensah. "Levels of Safety on Interurban Roads." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1553, no. 1 (January 1996): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196155300114.

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The levels of safety of the main interurban road network in Israel are studied, and 70 percent of the total interurban roads are covered. A macro approach to the relation between road safety and various road categories as reflected in the overall geometric and traffic operational features is presented and is limited to road links. The classification and regression tree (CART) analysis, a nonparametric method that generates a binary tree structure from the data showing the criterion (variables) for each split and giving a pictorial representation of the data, is used as a preliminary tool to illuminate the relation between the variables and road accidents as a measure of safety and to identify meaningful candidate variables for deeper analysis. CART results portray the importance of average daily traffic (ADT) and the need for stratification of ADT in accident modeling. It also indicates probable power function models and highlights some interactive variables and the effect of shoulder type among single carriageways. However, no interactive variables were revealed because of the total dominance and masking effect of ADT. Multivariate multiplicative Poisson regression models with log links were fitted to the data set using the generalized linear interactive modeling package. The results again emphasize the safer nature of freeways as compared with conventional single- and dual-carriageway roads and show that the relation between ADT and safety is curvilinear. For the fitted parametric models, the effects of ADT were found to be most important, as in the case of the nonparametric CART analysis. In the case of models for single carriageway roads, other explanatory variables (free flow speed, type of shoulders, and junction frequency) showed some significance.

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Nuli, Sadguna, Katkam Rohan, and Chenreddy Joshnavi. "A Study on Road Safety Audit and Black Spot Identification." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1086, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1086/1/012028.

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Abstract Road Safety Audit (RSA) is a formal procedure for assessing accident potential and safety performance of new and existing roads. Road safety audit is an efficient, cost effective and proactive approach to improve road safety. It is proved that RSA has the potential to save lives. The RSA was originated in Great Britain and is well developed in countries like UK, USA, Australia, New Zealand, Denmark, Canada, Malaysia and Singapore. Presently, it is at varying stages of implementation in developing nations like India, South Africa, Thailand and Bangladesh. Therefore, road safety audit appears to be an ideal tool for improving road safety in India. In this study, a rural road stretching from Rallaguda bridge to Vardhaman College of Engineering in Hyderabad city is chosen for road safety audit. Safety assessment is done using iRAP application by collecting road side features, midblock details, intersection features, vulnerable road users’ facilities, speed and flow details. The secondary objective is to find out the Black Spot locations within Rajiv Gandhi International Airport (RGIA) police station jurisdiction of Hyderabad city. Accident prone areas are identified by estimating Weighted severity and accident severity indices with the help of historical accident data. Finally, major causes of accidents and measures to improve safety of the chosen road section are suggested.

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Hauer, Ezra. "Statistical Road Safety Modeling." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1897, no. 1 (January 2004): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1897-11.

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Elvik, Rune. "Speed and Road Safety." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1908, no. 1 (January 2005): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105190800108.

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This paper presents a study evaluating the power model of the relationship between speed and road safety. The power model states that a given relative change in the mean speed of traffic is associated with a relative change in the number of accidents or accident victims by means of a power function. An extensive review of relevant literature has been made, and evidence from 98 studies containing 460 estimates of the relationship between changes in speed and changes in the number of accidents or accident victims has been synthesized by means of meta-analysis. The results are broadly supportive of the power model. It is concluded that speed has a major impact on the number of accidents and the severity of injuries and that the relationship between speed and road safety is causal, not just statistical.

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Liu, Zhuang. "Paving Materials and Engineering Applications of Permeable Pavement." Journal of World Architecture 6, no. 2 (March 21, 2022): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jwa.v6i2.3789.

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The stability of roads in cities directly affects the safety of traffic and transportation. In the process of pavement laying, relevant personnel should use permeable paving materials in the process of construction. Based on the analysis of road drainage requirements, traditional paving materials have relatively poor water permeability, which leads to ponding problems during road use [1]. Within this frame of reference, beginning with the characteristics of permeable paving materials, this paper makes an in-depth exploration on practical application measures.

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Muniak, Charles. "System Safety Bookshelf." Journal of System Safety 56, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.56094/jss.v56i1.28.

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Tian, Zhun. "Investigating Impact of Speed on Traffic Safety using Collision Prediction Model." Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (September 2013): 482–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.482.

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Motor vehicle speed is a risk factor contributing to many road accidents which result in significant social and economic costs. Although a review of previous research shows that the literature is extensive on the impact of speed on traffic safety, the majority of previous researches mainly focused on rural roads while rarely on urban roads. It is crucial that the relationship between speed and road collisions should be investigated in urban areas because of the fact that a high ratio of collisions is occurred on urban roads. The objective of this study is to examine the influence of motor vehicle speed on road collisions on urban road sections. This objective is achieved by developing collision prediction models which quantitatively correlate collision frequency to speed characteristics. It is found that both mean speed and speed standard deviation are positively related to collision frequency. Both of them are risk factors in traffic safety.

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Konovalova, Tatyana V., Sofiya L. Nadiryan, Alexander A. Izyumsky, and Sofiya V. Kotsurba. "ELEMENTS OF ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE AND THEIR IMPACT ON ROAD SAFETY." International Journal of Advanced Studies 12, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2227-930x-2022-12-2-49-68.

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In this article, the authors consider the issues of road infrastructure and their impact on road safety. The road network affects the risk of road accidents because it determines how road users perceive the environment. The basis for comparing a number of events in a traffic accident with categories of factors contributing to the accident. Purpose – the measures and methods by which it is possible to achieve a safe level of roads are defined. Methodology: the article used a full-scale experiment, statistical analysis, risk theory. Results: the factors that increase road safety, provide a comfortable environment for drivers and pedestrians, and reduce the cost of repair and construction of highways are identified. Practical implications: identification of the most effective and priority measures to improve highways in order to ensure safety and a comfortable environment. Research activities on the development of new approaches in the field of traffic management.

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Han, Sangjin, and Hyejin Lee. "Comparison of Road Safety Management Systems of Local Governments using Indicators." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 12 (October 28, 2020): 435–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120960145.

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More than two-thirds of road fatalities in the Republic of Korea (hereafter Korea) occur on roads managed by local governments. There is also a big difference in road traffic death rates between local governments. This study aims to develop indicators to evaluate the current status of road safety management systems (RSMS) of local governments, which can result in different road safety performance. The indicators for RSMS will be categorized into: institutional management, intervention, intermediate outcome, and final outcome. A comparison of those indicators will help local governments to identify the pros and cons of their RSMSs. It will also help to benchmark good practices of other local governments and eventually contribute to reducing the gap of road safety outcomes between local governments. Indicators have been developed for both quantitative and qualitative aspects. The former includes road mortality rates for various road user types and budgets for road safety, and the latter includes the existence of a road safety team and the level of cooperation between relevant organizations. The overall road safety score is calculated based on the weighted sum of the selected indicator scores. The weights are derived through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). A comparison of developed indicators between local governments shows many local governments in Korea need to set up a responsible organization for road safety. This comparison will also provide useful information on how the central government can help local governments with low scores.

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Sarkar, Sheila, A. A. Jan Nederveen, and Albert Pols. "Renewed Commitment to Traffic Calming for Pedestrian Safety." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1578, no. 1 (January 1997): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1578-02.

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Success of road design depends to a large extent on how safe it is for different users. Unfortunately, in most instances the definition of road users in the United States has precluded pedestrians and bicyclists. Safety of pedestrians and bicyclists is most often relegated to a marginal status in many parts of the urban areas. The roads in the past few decades, with a few exceptions, were built for speed, ensuring maximum convenience to drivers, but, intimidating the green modes (pedestrians and bicyclists). Traffic calming is one way of reclaiming the roads for a more equitable use by different users. Many European countries have been successful in giving back the road to the pedestrians and bicyclists by implementing areawide traffic management and speed-reduction measures. The United States, however, is far behind these countries in actual implementation of such concepts, although thinking on these lines had started as early as the 1960s. There is a strong argument in favor of traffic calming in the United States based on facts and figures on accidents, road conditions, and driver behavior. In addition, field research in some European countries reveals the positive attributes of these planning principles and designs.

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Ahemed, Mateen, and Dr Sunil Sugandhi. "Review Paper on RSA: A Descriptive Approach Towards Road Safety of Dhandhuka to Dholera (Sh-20) In Gujrat State." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 8 (August 31, 2022): 731–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45998.

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Abstract: Every year road crashes result in loss of lakhs of lives and serious injuries to crores of people. In India itself about eighty thousand people are killed in road crashes every year. The present transport system has minimized the distances but it has on the other hand increased the life risk. In most of the cases crashes occurs either due to carelessness or due to lack of road safety awareness of the road user. Hence, road safety education is as essential as any other basic skills of survival. Our aim is to provide road safety information for road users to encourage safer road user behavior among current and prospective road users and reduce the number of people killed and injured on our roads every year. In this study, the section of road from ‘’(Dhandhuka to Dholera road State highway 20)” near Ahmedabad in the state of Gujrat. Road taken having considerable traffic during day time and some black spots on the road where accidents takes place continuously. A detailed analysis of road is carried out on the basis of data collection like classified traffic volume study, accidental data collection, potholes on road data collection, road safety signs and symbols, crust details of existing road etc.

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Cafiso, Salvatore, Carmelo D’Agostino, Mariusz Kiec, and Sylwia Pogodzinska. "Application of an Intelligent Transportation System in a Travel Time Information System: Safety Assessment and Management." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2635, no. 1 (January 2017): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2635-06.

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The research presented here evaluated road safety on the road sections included in the Intelligent Traffic Control System of the Podhale Region (ISSRRP) in Poland. This travel time information system consists of a remote traffic microwave sensor, cameras, as well as automatic plate number recognition on national roads with variable message signs and a mobile app to suggest alternative routes in the regional road network. The study analyzed changes in safety caused by transferring traffic volume from national to regional rural and suburban road networks. The assessment of the safety performance was performed with an empirical Bayes study, with periods of three years before and after the implementation of ISSRRP. No changes were identified in the safety performance of the national road network after to the introduction of ISSRRP. However, when the overall network is considered, a potential increase in the number of crashes may be expected, depending on the volume of traffic transferred from national to regional roads, and rural or suburban areas. Therefore, a new approach for system management was proposed, taking into account not only improvement in traffic flow, but also safety performance.

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Grīslis, Aivis. "LONGER COMBINATION VEHICLES AND ROAD SAFETY." TRANSPORT 25, no. 3 (September 30, 2010): 336–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2010.41.

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The aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between the features of Longer Combination Vehicles (LCVs) and road safety issues. LCVs are road vehicles that exceed dimensions of a typical or standard heavy truck‐trailer or tractor‐semitrailer combination vehicles in length or length and weight. The systematization of LCVs is done. Several areas, which are likely to benefit through LCVs, are listed and described. The analysis of literature review is made in the areas where additional problems may be encountered using LCVs. Several engineering factors such as resistance to rollover, swept‐path parameters, vehicle capabilities of accelerating and maintaining speed as well as braking performance are analyzed. Several research projects on traffic accident analysis have been looked through to compare their conclusions about traffic safety of LCVs. The analysis of discussions related to LCVs traffic safety issues is provided. Some transportation experts and community groups have conflicting views about road safety issues of LCVs. The opinions and related arguments of both parties are discussed in this paper. Several technical improvements in designing LCVs and the importance of driver training programs are described.

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Wong, S. C., and J. M. S. J. Bandara. "Special issue: Road safety." Journal of Advanced Transportation 41, no. 1 (September 2007): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/atr.5670410102.

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Wilson, Eugene M., and Martin E. Lipinski. "Practical Safety Tool for Local Low-Volume Rural Roads: The Road Safety Audit Review." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1819, no. 1 (January 2003): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1819a-33.

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Practical tools for improving transportation safety are needed worldwide. It has been estimated that motor vehicle–related crashes account for more than 1 million fatalities each year, and the number of serious injuries far exceeds fatalities. Local and low-volume roads are significantly overrepresented in crash statistics. Globally, the road safety audit (RSA) concept has been recognized as an effective tool in identifying and reducing the crash potential of roadways when used to analyze the safety aspects of project plans and designs before completion. In the local rural road arena, many safety issues are associated with existing roadway networks. Many of these networks have developed over time with little or no planning or design. There is a critical need for a practical tool that focuses on the safety of the existing as-built local road network. The RSA review (RSAR) process has been developed for this purpose, giving specific recognition to the functionality of the road being evaluated for safety issues. Significant numbers of safety improvements are needed, and practical approaches to address these needs are crucial. The RSAR tool has the potential to be particularly beneficial to local governments in systematically addressing safety deficiencies on existing rural road networks. In addition, it is a proactive safety tool that has the potential to protect agencies from tort liability since it establishes a record of the organization’s safety agenda. An RSAR methodology that can be adapted by local agencies is presented. A case study illustrating the application of this process is included. Also highlighted is a local rural training program that has been presented in several states for county applications. The focus is on U.S. county applications, but it is recognized that the process has utility for other agencies and has application in other countries. The necessity for training as a key component in the development of a sustainable safety program is emphasized.

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Mohanty, Malaya. "Assessment of traffic safety at median openings using surrogate safety measures: a case study in India." European Transport/Trasporti Europei 80, ET.2020 (December 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.48295/et.2020.80.3.

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Traffic safety is an integral part of transportation engineering. In developing countries, its importance is even more. Additionally, at uncontrolled median openings, the severity of road crashes increase many fold. Conventionally, road crash data were used to analyse safety. However, in developing countries, the accuracy of this data is highly questionable. Therefore, in this study, a new technique in addition to post encroachment time (PET), which is a surrogate safety measure is used to predict the severity of probable road crashes at median openings. After the extraction of PET values from field data, they have been compared with the minimum braking times obtained from calculation of minimum stopping sight distance. The comparison shows that while the number of road crashes may be less at lower traffic volume levels, however the severity of those crashes is much higher as compared to the road crashes occurring at high traffic volumes.

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Jarašūnienė, Aldona, and Gražvydas Jakubauskas. "IMPROVEMENT OF ROAD SAFETY USING PASSIVE AND ACTIVE INTELLIGENT VEHICLE SAFETY SYSTEMS." TRANSPORT 22, no. 4 (December 31, 2007): 284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2007.9638143.

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Following the measures foreseen in the Transport White Paper 2001, situation of road safety has improved. Road fatalities have declined by more than 17 % since 2001 in the EU. However, with around 41 600 deaths and more than 1.7 million injured in 2005, road remains the least safe mode of transport and objectives to halve the number of fatalities on road by 2010 is most likely not feasible to achieve. Therefore a need for the intelligent vehicle safety systems, that enable to raise the level of road safety, is much higher than ever before. The Intelligent Vehicle Safety Systems ensure a superior safety on road would it be vehicle‐based or infrastructure‐related systems. These can be divided into passive and active safety applications where the former help people stay alive and uninjured in a crash, while the latter help drivers to avoid accidents. Some of the most promising (e‐call) and the most used (ABS, ESP) systems are analised more specifically in the paper. Possible solutions to deploying intelligent transport systems in Lithuania are also introduced.

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Navin, Francis P. D., Arthur Bergan, and Guanyu Zhang. "Road Safety Model: Some Fundamental Ideas." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1563, no. 1 (January 1996): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196156300107.

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A fundamental relationship has been developed that explains road accident statistics in developed and developing countries. The model uses two variables, traffic hazard measured as deaths per vehicle and motorization measured as vehicles per person, to estimate personal hazard as deaths per person. Special cases of the model are those by Smeed, Trinca et al., and Koornstra. The model of fatalities has two extremes. Early motorization has high traffic hazard and personal safety is low and increasing. Full motorization is characterized by a moderate and falling traffic hazard and a low and decreasing personal safety. Between these extremes, there is a maximum number of fatalities per population. Models for personal injury and total road accidents in developed countries appear to follow a similar trend. Available world data fit the proposed relationships well. The models allow planners and engineers to estimate the future maximum road fatalities for developing countries. The model has been extended to incorporate an automobile ownership model that explains some of the growth in motorization. A traffic hazard model is also outlined, in part on the basis of the ideas developed by Koornstra. The extended models should allow a more detailed analysis of some of the social and engineering factors that contribute to road safety.

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Канищев, А. Н., А. Е. Борисов, and Т. В. Каратаева. "METHODS OF REDUCING NUMBER OF ACCIDENTS BY MEANS OF THE INTEGRATED SAFETY APPROACH." НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА И АРХИТЕКТУРЫ, no. 1(61) (March 25, 2021): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2021.61.1.008.

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Постановка задачи. Необходимо рассмотреть развитие сети автомобильных дорог, формирование транспортных потоков, организацию дорожного движения с использованием инженерного оборудования и обустройства дорог, а также проанализировать влияние рассмотренных явлений на аварийность скорости движения. Результаты. Рассмотрены вопросы влияния ограничения скорости правилами дорожного движения на безопасность с учетом развития автомобильного транспорта и сети автомобильных дорог. Предложены способы снижения интенсивности движения на автомобильных дорогах с опорой на опыт развития дорожной сети иностранных государств. Рассмотрены возможные варианты применения инженерного оборудования для снижения количества ДТП. Выводы. Снижение аварийности может быть достигнуто только с применением комплексного подхода к обеспечению безопасности, который включает повышение уровня содержания автодорог, расширение дорожной сети, увеличение скорости движения и рациональное использование инженерного оборудования. Statement of the problem. It is necessary to consider the development of the road network, the formation of traffic flows, the organization of traffic using engineering equipment and road construction as well as to analyze the influence of the considered phenomena on the accident rate of movement speed. Results. The issues of the impact of speed limitation by traffic rules on safety, taking into account the development of road transport and road network, are explored. Methods of reducing traffic intensity on roads based on the experience of development of road network of foreign countries are set forth. Possible applications of engineering equipment to reduce the number of accidents are examined. Conclusions. Accident reduction can only be achieved using a comprehensive approach while increasing the level of road maintenance, expanding the road network, increasing the speed of traffic and rational use of engineering equipment.

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Hardy, Roger. "Vulnerable Road User Safety." ATZautotechnology 8, no. 4 (April 2008): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03247048.

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Kiss, Ágnes Orsolya, Viktor Sesztakov, and Ádám Török. "Road Safety Analysis in Győr." Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering 41, no. 1 (2013): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/pptr.7098.

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Pant, Puspa Raj, Pranita Rana, Kriti Pradhan, Sunil Kumar Joshi, and Julie Mytton. "Identifying research priorities for road safety in Nepal: a Delphi study." BMJ Open 12, no. 4 (April 2022): e059312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059312.

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ObjectiveTo identify and prioritise the research needed to help Nepali agencies develop an improved road safety system.DesignDelphi study.SettingNepal.ParticipantsStakeholders from government institutions, academia, engineering, healthcare and civil society were interviewed to identify knowledge gaps and research questions. Participants then completed two rounds of ranking and a workshop.ResultsA total of 93 participants took part in interviews and two rounds of ranking. Participants were grouped with others sharing expertise relating to each of the five WHO ‘pillars’ of road safety: (1) road safety management; (2) safer roads; (3) safer vehicles; (4) safer road users and (5) effective postcrash response. Interviews yielded 1019 research suggestions across the five pillars. Two rounds of ranking within expert groups yielded consensus on the important questions for each pillar. A workshop involving all participants then led to the selection of 6 questions considered the most urgent: (1) How can implementing agencies be made more accountable? (2) How should different types of roads, and roads in different geographical locations, be designed to make them safer for all road users? (3) What vehicle fitness factors lead to road traffic crashes? (4) How can the driver licensing system be improved to ensure safer drivers? (5) What factors lead to public vehicle crashes and how can they be addressed? and (6) What factors affect emergency response services getting to the patient and then getting them to the right hospital in the best possible time?ConclusionsThe application of the Delphi approach is useful to enable participants representing a range of institutions and expertise to contribute to the identification of road safety research priorities. Outcomes from this study provide Nepali researchers with a greater understanding of the necessary focus for future road safety research.

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Laurinavičius, Alfredas, Vytautas Grigonis, Rasa Ušpalytė-Vitkūnienė, Kornelija Ratkevičiūtė, Laura Čygaitė, Egidijus Skrodenis, Dago Antov, Janis Smirnovs, and Birutė Bobrovaitė-Jurkonė. "Policy Instruments for Managing EU Road Safety Targets: Road Safety Impact Assessment." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 7, no. 1 (March 19, 2012): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2012.09.

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Tumavičė, Aja, Igoris Kravcovas, and Vilma Jasiūnienė. "Identification and Analysis of Problems in the Implementation of Road Safety Audit in Lithuania." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 15, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2020-15.475.

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Road Safety Audits have already been tightly incorporated in the road design process throughout the world. It has proven to be an effective way of increasing road safety without requiring many resources. The cost-benefit-ratios of Road Safety Audits in developed countries are rather high. In Lithuania, the procedure on Road Safety Audits is fairly new, and the direct links between different problems and their occurrence frequency throughout the years are yet to be determined. In this paper, several audits on road safety, performed between the years 2011 and 2017 by the Road Research Institute of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, is analysed. The trends of most relevant problem types identified in those audits throughout the years for different types of roads and streets are presented. Based on those trends, the causes of some common problems are being recognised. Recommendations on possible solutions are suggested.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Road safety engineering'

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