Relevant bibliographies by topics / Road safety engineering

Academic literature on the topic 'Road safety engineering'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Road safety engineering"

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Zein, Sany R., and Frank Navin. "Road Safety Engineering: Role for Insurance Companies?" Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1734, no. 1 (January 2000): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1734-02.

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Over the last 10 years there has been a growing trend among automobile insurance companies to become involved in road safety engineering programs. While the involvement of insurance companies in driver education and vehicle design initiatives is common, insurance company initiatives aimed at the engineering element of road safety is a relatively new trend. This research summarizes the major road safety engineering programs undertaken by six insurance companies in Australia, Canada, and the United States, and presents some of the results achieved. The research finds that the immediacy of the benefit derived from road safety engineering improvements, coupled with an expanding knowledge base in this field, are contributing to the growth in interest in road safety among insurance companies. The financial interest of insurance companies in reducing crash frequencies and severities, as well as any related positive public image that road safety advocacy can generate, will likely mean that more insurance companies will be exploring avenues for participation in road safety programs. Opportunities exist for cooperation between the insurance industry and transportation engineers, and they should be pursued for mutual benefit. Although the ultimate responsibility and authority for roads should remain with public agencies, the incentive and emphasis that insurance companies place on road safety provide a unique opportunity to help reduce the daily risks that we face in a mobile world.
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BRAMWELL, FJ. "ROAD SAFETY - THE ENGINEERING ASPECTS." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 80, no. 3 (June 1986): 651–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/iicep.1986.677.

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Sabey, B. "Engineering safety on the road." Injury Prevention 1, no. 3 (September 1, 1995): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ip.1.3.182.

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Hauer, Ezra. "Engineering judgment and road safety." Accident Analysis & Prevention 129 (August 2019): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2019.04.022.

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Lemke, Kerstin. "Road Safety in Tunnels." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1740, no. 1 (January 2000): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1740-22.

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Roads in tunnels differ from comparable open-road sections in many respects. For most drivers a tunnel is an unusual driving environment in the road network that might even cause stress. A safety analysis was carried out to estimate average accident rates and accident cost rates for different cross sections of tunnels on German roads. The analysis is based on all the available accident data for German freeway and highway tunnels reported to police. Personal injury accidents and material-damage-only accidents were analyzed separately. The findings indicate that accident rates are lower for roads in tunnels. Moreover, accidents with severe personal injury and material damage are less frequent on roads in tunnels. However, the fear of a maximum credible accident still remains.
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Wang, Wei. "Construction Technology and Safety Monitoring Measures of Road and Bridge Engineering." Journal of Architectural Research and Development 5, no. 5 (September 28, 2021): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jard.v5i5.2542.

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With the acceleration of urbanization and the continuous improvement of urban infrastructure construction, roads and bridges, as an important infrastructure content in China, directly affect people’s daily travel. Therefore, the construction and management of roads and bridges must be improved to ensure the quality and safety of roads and bridges and effectively prevent safety accidents. Strengthen the management of road and bridge construction through safety monitoring, improve the safety factor of the project and ensure people’s travel safety. This paper mainly analyzes the common diseases and construction technology of road and bridge engineering construction, and puts forward safety monitoring measures.
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Choudhary, Pratibha, and Prerana Arora. "Forgiving Roads Design – Way to achieve SDG 3.6." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 28 (2022): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2022.v28i07s.031.

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Road engineering is a major component of entire road ecosystem and its design plays a significant role in creating safe or unsafe road environment for any crash to be happen or not. Pillar 2 of Decade of Action for Road Safety talks about “Safer Road Infrastructure” where roads are to be designed to meet atleast 3 star safety ratings to 5 star ratings of safety standards of all types of road users – pedestrians, bicyclists, 2- wheeler and four wheeler motorized vehicles. Thus, a concept of Forgiving roads adopted where roads are designed with considering safety features that accepts the mistakes of road users and reduces the chances of intensity of fatalities and injuries on roads.
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Liu, Xing Wang. "Road Curve Speed Control Engineering Study." Applied Mechanics and Materials 66-68 (July 2011): 793–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.66-68.793.

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Horizontal curves have been recognised as a significant safety issue for many years, a more important factor than road width, vertical clearance or sight distance. This study investigates the issue of speed selection through curves from several different perspectives. The relationship between safety and curve speed in SiChuan provinces was analysed using data from the local crash database. A sample of curves was selected and surveyed. Following this, acurve treatments for controlling Curve speed for different vehicles was developed based on many factors that has influence on safey.
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BRAMWELL, FJ, and JW BULL. "ROAD SAFETY - THE ENGINEERING ASPECTS. DISCUSSION." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 82, no. 2 (April 1987): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/iicep.1987.405.

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de Leur, Paul, and Tarek Sayed. "A framework to proactively consider road safety within the road planning process." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 30, no. 4 (August 1, 2003): 711–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l03-034.

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All too often, engineering strategies aimed at improving road safety are reactions to existing problems that occur after a road has been designed and built. Targeting problem locations and developing plans to reduce collisions are vital and have proven to be very successful. Transportation professionals, however, should also take a proactive approach to address road safety before problems emerge. This paper describes an evolving need of how to deal with road safety in a proactive manner. Although a proactive approach should improve the overall safety performance, there is currently a poor understanding of how to proactively plan for road safety. Several logistical and technical obstacles hinder the effective planning for road safety. Each of these obstacles is presented in detail, followed by a description of the opportunity to overcome each obstacle. The paper also includes the results of a case study used to demonstrate the proposed process. A proactive approach to road safety complements traditional, reactive methods currently in use. Significant progress will be realized once safety professionals shift their focus from fixing existing problems to helping plan roads that attempt to be problem free. The net result should be a safer road system.Key words: proactive road safety, safety audits, safety planning, safety evaluation, safety improvements.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Road safety engineering"

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De, la Gardie Fredrik. "Road unevenness relation to road safety - a vehicle dynamics study." Thesis, KTH, Fordonsdynamik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-226531.

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The purpose of this Master thesis in Vehicle Engineering, is to study the road unevenness relation to road safety. The long term objective is to be able to prioritize which road section that is in the need of repair and maintenance prior to other road sections. This study focus on how close to an acceptable safety limit the vehicle is handled when it is run over different road surfaces. This applies to straight road sections as well as cornering, where the road surface is uneven and bumps/pits occurs. No driver behaviour or random actions are analysed but these aspects will be included in the overall discussion. The method to analyse this is through computer simulation. From a Volvo S40 a computerised vehicle model has been developed in Matlab and the effect of different road unevenness has been implemented and analysed. Forces that are generated by the unevenness of the road are compared with the normal forces that a driver needs to correct the course based on the friction between tire and road surface. On this basis, a margin to the risk of losing the grip can be estimated. In this way it can be interpreted how a road section contributes more or less, compared to another section, to whether the vehicle is closer to a safe limit from a vehicle dynamic perspective. The vehicle model has been analysed at a speed of 70 km/h with the simplification that the irregularities can be described by sinusoidal shapes. For larger bumps or dips in the road the results show that both front and rear tires can absorb side forces so that stability can be achieved. If the grip would deteriorate due to gravel, ice, etc. there is a risk that the vehicle loses steering control and/or cord leading to damage of the tyre and consequently an accident will occur. For the analysed road unevenness in the form of bumps and pits the tires do not have any ability to absorb required side forces during an avoidance manoeuvre when travelling over the road due to the tyre model used. It is therefore important that a section with varying unevenness are analysed to determine a maximum speed so that the control of the vehicle during the whole distance can be maintained regardless of whether control needs to be done in connection with the unevenness. A recommendation of future work in this area is to develop this model to make it more robust and to update the input data with relevant data for one today representative car and to carry out a more detailed full-scale modelling with also lateral simulations. If the model was verified with measured normal forces for a test car that has travelled over various bumps and pits, this would also be valuable to confirm the validity of the model. There would also be improvements if available road profile is implemented in the analysis so that realistic examples can be analysed for better real-world analysis.
Arbetet avser att, ur ett fordonsdynamiskt perspektiv, studera vägojämnhetens påverkan på trafiksäkerheten. Det långsiktiga målet med arbetet är att kunna prioritera vilka vägavsnitt som behöver repareras före andra. Studien behandlar hur nära en acceptabel säkerhetsgräns fordonet ligger rent fordonsdynamiskt när den färdas över vissa vägunderlag. Det gäller såväl på raksträckor som vid kurvtagning där vägytan har större ojämnheter (svackor) och gupp eller gropar. Metodiken som har använts är datasimulering. Utifrån en Volvo S40 har en fordonsmodell byggts upp i Matlab och inverkan av de olika typerna av vägojämnheter har sedan analyserats. Krafter som skapas från vägojämnheter jämförs sedan med de normalkrafter som en förare behöver för att korrigera kursen utifrån friktionen mellan däck och vägbana. Utifrån detta kan en manövermarginal uppskattas och på så sätt kan tolkning ske hur vida ett vägavsnitt bidrar mer eller mindre, jämfört med ett annat avsnitt, till att fordonet befinner sig närmare en trafiksäker gräns rent fordonsdynamiskt. Analysen har gjorts utifrån antagandet att fordonet har färdats med en hastighet på 70 km/h över de olika vägprofilerna. För större ojämnheter och svackor i vägbanan visar resultaten att både fram och bakdäck kan uppta de nödvändiga sidkrafterna för att stabilitet skall upprätthållas då goda vägförhållanden råder. Men skulle greppet försämras exempelvis av grus, halka etc. så föreligger risk att fordonet tappar styrförmåga och/eller får sladd. En begränsning i denna studie är att inga förarbeteenden eller slumpmässiga händelser kommer analyseras men däremot kommer dessa tas med i den övergripande diskussionen. Dessutom har ojämnheterna antagits vara beskrivna av sinus-funktioner och däcken har beskrivits av en modell som ej tar hänsyn till laterala egenskaper. För att kunna bestämma en maximal hastighet under vilken en kontroll över fordonet kan upprätthållas under hela sträckan oavsett manöver är det av vikt att ett vägavsnitt med varierande ojämnheter analyseras. För att vidareutveckla denna modell och göra den mer robust och aktuell rekommenderas att indata uppdateras med relevanta data för en idag representativ bil samt att modelleringen genomförs i full skala. Om modellen kan verifieras med uppmätta normalkrafter för en bil som har färdats över olika ojämnheter eller gupp vore det värdefullt. Att även implementera uppmätta vägprofiler så att realistiska exempel kan analyseras skulle dessutom ge ännu mer verklighetstrogna analyser.
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Mohammad, Mahmud Abdulla. "Video-based situation assessment for road safety." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/94047/.

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In recent decades, situational awareness (SA) has been a major research subject in connection with autonomous vehicles and intelligent transportation systems. Situational awareness concerns the safety of road users, including drivers, passengers, pedestrians and animals. Moreover, it holds key information regarding the nature of upcoming situations. In order to build robust automatic SA systems that sense the environment, a variety of sensors, such as global positioning systems, radars and cameras, have been used. However, due to the high cost, complex installation procedures and high computational load of automatic situational awareness systems, they are unlikely to become standard for vehicles in the near future. In this thesis, a novel video-based framework for the automatic assessment of risk of collision in a road scene is proposed. The framework uses as input the video from a monocular video camera only, avoiding the need for additional, and frequently expensive, sensors. The framework has two main parts: a novel ontology tool for the assessment of risk of collision, and semantic feature extraction based on computervision methods. The ontology tool is designed to represent the various relations between the most important risk factors, such as risk from object and road environmental risk. The semantic features related to these factors iii Abstract iv are based on computer vision methods, such as pedestrian detection and tracking, road-region detection and road-type classi�cation. The quality of these methods is important for achieving accurate results, especially with respect to video segmentation. This thesis, therefore, proposes a new criterion of high-quality video segmentation: the inclusion of temporal-region consistency. On the basis of the new criteria, an online method for the evaluation of video segmentation quality is proposed. This method is more consistent than the state-of-the-art method in terms of perceptual-segmentation quality, for both synthetic and real video datasets. Furthermore, using the Gaussian mixture model for video segmentation, one of the successful video segmentation methods in this area, new online methods for both road-type classi�cation and road-region detection are proposed. The proposed vision-based road-type classi�cation method achieves higher classi�cation accuracy than the state-of-the-art method, for each road type individually. Consequently, it achieves higher overall classi- �cation accuracy. Likewise, the proposed vision-based road-region detection method achieves high performance accuracy compared to the state-of-the-art methods, according to two measures: pixel-wise percentage accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). Finally, the evaluation performance of the automatic risk-assessment framework is measured. At this stage, the framework includes only the assessment of pedestrian risk in the road scene. Using the semantic information obtained via computer-vision methods, the framework's performance is assessed for two datasets: �rst, a new dataset proposed in Chapter 7, which comprises six videos, and second, a dataset comAbstract v prising �ve examples selected from an established, publicly available dataset. Both datasets consist of real-world videos illustrating pedestrian movement. The experimental results show that the proposed framework achieves high accuracy in the assessment of risk resulting from pedestrian behaviour in road scenes.
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Velaj, Xhilda. "New technology for road safety." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21885/.

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Zanule, Paul Gudoi. "Road Management System and Road Safety in Uganda." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/368.

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Traffic collisions cost Uganda millions of dollars each year. The purpose of this descriptive case study was to describe the strategies and processes needed to implement a road management system. Such a system would significantly reduce the fatalities and accidents in Uganda, improve the transportation within Kampala's business district, and increase business profitability. Three conceptual theories framed the research study: management theory, strategic management theory, and criminology theory. Using a snowball sampling strategy, data were collected from open-ended interviews, questionnaires, observations, and archived documents from 20 administrative participants in the government and organizational leaders involved in the transport operations and transport services in the Kampala business district in Uganda. Data were analyzed using 3 phases: (a) interpretational analysis, coding, and grouping segments; (b) structural analysis, consistency, and quality; and (c) reflective analysis, consequences, what, when, where, and how. Five themes or action requirements emerged from the data analysis: to improve transport operations and transport services profitability, reduce traffic jams and fatalities, provide sufficient driving training, maintain road infrastructure, and maintain traffic law enforcement. The findings and recommendations from this study may improve the profitability of businesses, reduce the traffic jams and fatalities, and improve the gross domestic product of Uganda, thereby contributing to positive social change.
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Milligan, Craig Alexander. "Risk analysis of performance measure forecasts in road safety engineering." Elsevier, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30226.

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This research contributes to improved risk analysis of performance measure forecasts in road safety engineering by designing and applying a method to characterize uncertainty associated with forecast input data in cases where input uncertainty is not known. The research applies this method to quantify uncertainty in three categories of inputs used in risk analysis of performance measure forecasts in road safety engineering: (1) estimates of pedestrian exposure to collision risk; (2) estimates of vehicular exposure to collision risk; and (3) estimates of engineering economics parameters that assign valuations to mortality risk reductions based on individual willingness to pay. The common methods used in each of these categories are repeated comparisons of input ground truth to input estimations, the use of simulation approaches (e.g. the simulation of short-term counts by sampling permanent count data), and the use of non-parametric techniques to characterize input uncertainty. Some highlights of quantified input uncertainty levels include: (1) when obtaining pedestrian risk exposure estimates at a site in Winnipeg, MB by expanding two-hour short-term counts using the National Bicycle and Pedestrian Documentation Project method, 90% of errors are between 62% and 170%; (2) when obtaining estimates of vehicle exposure to collision risk by expanding two 48-hour counts using the individual permanent counter method for Manitoba highways, 92 % of errors are between 9.5% and 10.8%; and (3) when applying an income-disaggregated transfer function to estimate value of a statistical life for road safety in developing countries, 90% of errors are between 53% and 54%. The results provide further detail on the structure of these input uncertainties. Analytic and computational capabilities in forecasting and risk analysis have advanced beyond our understanding of corresponding input uncertainty levels; this research closes some of this gap and enables better risk analysis of performance measure forecasts in road safety engineering.
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Green, Eric R. "SEGMENTATION STRATEGIES FOR ROAD SAFETY ANALYSIS." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ce_etds/62.

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This dissertation addresses the relationship between roadway segment length and roadway attributes and their relationship to the efficacy of Safety Performance Function (SPF) models. This research focuses on three aspects of segmentation: segment length, roadway attributes, and combinations of the two. First, it is shown that choice of average roadway segment length can result in markedly different priority lists. This leads to an investigation of the effect of segment length on the development of SPFs and identifies average lengths that produce the best-fitting SPF. Secondly, roadway attributes are filtered to test the effect that homogeneity has on SPF development. Lastly, a combination of segment length and attributes are examined in the same context. In the process of conducting this research a tool was developed that provides objective goodness-of-fit measures as well as visual depictions of the model. This information can be used to avoid things like omitted variable bias by allowing the user to include other variables or filter the database. This dissertation also discusses and offers examples of ways to improve the models by employing alternate model forms. This research revealed that SPF development is sensitive to a variety of factors related to segment length and attributes. It is clear that strict base condition filters based on the most predominant roadway attributes provide the best models. The preferred functional form was shown to be dependent on the segmentation approach (fixed versus variable length). Overall, an important step in SPF development process is evaluation and comparison to determine the ideal length and attributes for the network being analyzed (about 2 miles or 3.2 km for Kentucky parkways). As such, a framework is provided to help safety professionals employ the findings from this research.
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Ahn, Heejin. "Safety verification and control for collision avoidance at road intersections." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119339.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 145-149).
Car crashes cause a large number of fatalities and injuries, with about 33,000 people killed and 2.3 million injured in the United States every year. To prevent car crashes, the government and automotive companies have taken initiatives to develop and deploy communications among vehicles and between vehicles and infrastructure. By using such communications, we design centralized coordinators at road intersections, called supervisors, that monitor the dynamical state of vehicles and the current input of drivers and override them if necessary to prevent a collision. The primary technical problem in the design of such systems is to determine if the current drivers' input will cause an unavoidable future collision, in which case the supervisor must override the drivers at the current time to prevent the collision. This problem is called safety verification problem which is known to be computationally intractable for general dynamical systems. Our approach to solving the safety verification problem is to translate it to a computationally more tractable scheduling problem. When modeling an intersection as a single conflict area inside which the paths of vehicles intersect, we exactly solve the scheduling problem with algorithms that can handle a small number of vehicles in real-time. For a larger number of vehicles or with more complex intersection models, we approximately solve it within quantified approximation bounds by using mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulations that, despite the combinatorial complexity, can be solved in real-time by available software such as CPLEX. Based on the solutions to the safety verification problem, we design a supervisor and prove that it ensures safety and is nonblocking, another major challenge of verification-based algorithms. We validate the supervisor using computer simulations and experiments.
by Heejin Ahn.
Ph. D.
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Al-Haji, Ghazwan. "Road Safety Development Index : Theory, Philosophy and Practice." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8812.

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This dissertation develops, presents and tests a new international tool, the so-called Road Safety Development Index (RSDI), which indicates in a comprehensive and easy way the severity of the road safety situation in a specific country and/or in comparison with other countries. There are three pillars of outcomes involved in the framework of RSDI. One pillar is the People focus (road user behaviour). The second is the System focus (safer vehicles, safer roads, enforcement, management, etc). The third is the Product focus in terms of accident death rates. This thesis analyses each of these pillars. In addition, RSDI links the key national practices of road safety to each other and to the end-results (accident death rates). The study suggests a master-list of performance indicators to be implemented for assessing road safety level in a country and for RSDI building. Based on the “master-list”, a short key list of performance indicators is chosen and classified into two primary categories that correspond to two groups of countries: LMCs “Less Motorised Countries” and HMCs “Highly Motorised Countries”. RSDI aggregates the key performance indicators into one single quantitative value (composite index). Four main objective and subjective approaches are used to calculate RSDI and determine which one is the best. One approach uses equal weights for all indicators and countries, whereas the other approaches give different weights depending on the importance of indicators. Two empirical studies were carried out, in different parts of the world, to determine the applicability of this tool in real world applications. The first empirical study comes from eight European countries (HMCs). The second empirical study comes from five Southeast Asian countries (LMCs). The RSDI results from this study indicate a remarkable difference between the selected countries even at the same level of motorisation and/or with close accident death rates. The unavailability of comparable and useful data are problems for deeper analysis of RSDI, especially the index should be as relevant as possible for different parts of the world. The empirical and theoretical assessments prove that RSDI can give a broader picture of the whole road safety situation in a country compared to the traditional models and can offer a simple and easily understandable tool to national policy makers and public.
Denna avhandling utvecklar, presenterar och testar ett nytt internationellt verktyg, det så kallade Road Safety Development Index (RSDI), vilket på ett begripligt och lättillgängligt sätt beskriver trafiksäkerhetsläget i ett visst land jämfört med andra länder. Resultatet av RSDI utgörs av tre grundpelare. Den första pelaren är Fokus på människor (vägtrafikbeteende). Den andra är Fokus på systemet (säkrare fordon, säkrare vägar, beivrande, management, osv). Den tredje pelaren är Fokus på produkten med avseende på antal döda per fordon och per invånare. Arbetet analyserar var och en av dessa tre pelare. RSDI kopplar dessutom samman de viktigaste nationella praxisarna och erfarenheterna med varandra och till slutresultaten (antal dödsfall). Studien föreslår en lista med de viktigaste indikatorerna på hur olika länder vidtar åtgärder för trafiksäkerheten. Grundat på denna “master-lista” kan en kort lista med de viktigaste indikatorerna skapas och klassificeras i två huvudkategorier för två typer av länder: LMC “länder med låg andel fordon” och HMC “länder med hög andel fordon”. RSDI aggregerar de viktigaste performance-indikatorerna till ett enda kvantitativt mått (ett sammansatt index). Fyra olika objektiva och subjektiva huvudangreppssätt används för att beräkna RSDI och bestämma vilket av dem som är det bästa. En metod använder sig av lika stora vikter för alla indikatorer och länder, medan en annan metod ger olika vikter beroende på indikatorernas betydelse. Två empiriska studier genomfördes i olika delar av världen för att bestämma tillämpligheten av detta verktyg i verkliga situationer. Den första empiriska studien kommer från åtta länder i Europa (HMC-länder). Den andra empiriska studien har gjorts i fem länder i Sydostasien (LMC-länder). Resultaten från detta RSDI tyder på en anmärkningsvärd skillnad mellan de valda länderna, också om andelen bilägare och/eller andra variabler för trafiksäkerhet hålls konstanta. Bristen på jämförbara och användbara data medför problem vid en djupare analys av RSDI för olika delar av världen. De empiriska och teoretiska skattningarna visar att RSDI kan ge en bredare bild av hela trafiksäkerhetssituationen i ett land jämfört med traditionella modeller och kan erbjuda ett enkelt och lättförståeligt verktyg för de nationella beslutsfattarna liksom för allmänheten.
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Jaroszweski, David John. "Climate change and road freight safety : impacts and opportunities." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1220/.

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This thesis aims to apply recent conceptual frameworks for climate change impact assessment to the road freight sector of Great Britain in order to identify potential future safety issues. The freight sector is a key component of Great Britain’s economy, and one which is particularly vulnerable to the effects of adverse weather. An assessment of the current patterns in weather related freight accidents is produced, and existing studies on accident causation are elaborated upon to arrive at relationships between key meteorological parameters and freight accident rates. These relationships are extrapolated onto various climate scenarios under low, medium and high emissions for the 2020s, 2050s and 2080s using UKICP09 climate tools to arrive at projections of possible impacts at a regional scale. This thesis also addresses a key criticism of the previous climate change impact assessment literature; that studies usually neglect the consideration of what the network will look like in the future, how it will be used, and how this will impact upon its vulnerability to meteorology. The way in which the network is designed, the resilience of the vehicles that operate on it and the split of usage between the various modes will all affect the impacts that are likely to be seen, and are all determined by the broader socio-economic pathway of the country. Delphi techniques are used for short term forecasts of growth and to identify emerging issues with the industry. UKCIP data is used to extend these projections to 2050. By combining social and physical techniques, a more holistic picture of future impacts is found. Although the confluence of safer technology and a reduction of winter road icing and summer precipitation events could potentially lead to a safer operating environment, certain scenarios which promote high emissions, a larger freight fleet and low investment in infrastructure could cause problems, especially for winter precipitation events.
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Al-Matawah, Jamal Ahmed. "An investigation of driver attitudes towards road safety in Kuwait." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2008. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/73295/.

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Statistics show that the fatalities rate per 10,000 vehicles in the State of Kuwait is about three times that in the UK, and the number of traffic accidents in Kuwait is increasing each year. In 1992, there were 16,017 traffic accidents, with 279 killed. By 2005, the number of accidents had increased to 56,235 with 451 fatalities, although the size of the vehicle fleet was only 1,134,042. This thesis presents the findings of a study of a substantial road accident database for Kuwait and a supplementary questionnaire survey to further understand related driver behaviour. Police accident reports relating to fatality and injury for the year 2002 were collected from the General Investigation Administration at the Ministry of the Interior to obtain an overview of the situation. Human behaviour and driver error were considered to be the main contributory factors, as has been found elsewhere. A questionnaire survey was undertaken to obtain a more in-depth understanding of driver behaviour and attitudes towards traffic regulations, which might relate to road accidents, and the potential acceptability of remedial measures. The questions were developed to suit the traffic environment and culture in Kuwait, and 1,528 questionnaires were completed. Analysis has shown that there are significant associations between accident involvement and other contributory factors. A road accident prediction model was developed, linking behaviour and attitudes with a number of factors such as age, sex, nationality, education level, marital status, driver education, driver training, usual speed on motorways, number of dangerous offences per year, years of driving experience, and drivers’ perceptions of the effectiveness of enforcement on total accident rate. The Generalised Linear Model (GLM) approach was used. It was found that driver attitude towards traffic regulations, enforcement, the number of critical traffic violations, nationality and age were significant contributory factors. The results will be used to influence future policy towards driving education, training and enforcement in Kuwait.
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Books on the topic "Road safety engineering"

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Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents. RoSPA road safety engineering manual. Birmingham: RoSPA, 1992.

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Ogden, Kenneth Wade. Safer roads: A guide to road safety engineering. Aldershot, Hants, England: Avebury Technical, 1996.

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Barraclough, Sue. Road safety. Chicago, Il: Heinemann Library, 2007.

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Wilson, Eugene M. Road safety audits. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, 2004.

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E, Paterson Sophie, and Allan Lucy K, eds. Road traffic: Safety, modeling & impacts. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2008.

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Lomnitz, Cinna. The road to total earthquake safety. Rotterdam: A.A. Baldema, 1999.

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Ireland. Department of the Environment. A guide to road safety engineering in Ireland. Dublin: Stationery Office, 1996.

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Service, Great Britain Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland Roads. Road safety engineering measures: Annual report : report on Road Safety Engineering Measures implemented by Roads Service from 1993/94 to 1996/97. Belfast: D.O.E., 1998.

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Bekiaris, Evangelos. Infrastructure and Safety in a Collaborative World: Road Traffic Safety. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.

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The handbook of road safety measures. 2nd ed. Bingley, UK: Emerald, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Road safety engineering"

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Ross, Hans-Leo. "System Engineering." In Functional Safety for Road Vehicles, 41–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33361-8_3.

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Ross, Hans-Leo. "System Engineering in the Product Development." In Functional Safety for Road Vehicles, 201–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33361-8_5.

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Carroll E. Goering, Marvin L. Stone, David W. Smith, and Paul K. Turnquist. "HUMAN FACTORS AND SAFETY." In Off-Road Vehicle Engineering Principles, 421–62. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.13674.

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Gerard Canisius, T. D., Dimitris Diamantidis, and Suresh Kumar. "Fire Safety in Road Tunnels." In Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering, 293–311. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85018-0_14.

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Ross, Hans-Leo. "System Engineering for Development of Requirements and Architecture." In Functional Safety for Road Vehicles, 75–199. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33361-8_4.

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Sakashita, Chika, R. F. Soames Job, and Matts-Åke Belin. "Miscommunications Based on Different Meanings of “Safe” and Their Implications for the Meaning of Safe System." In The Vision Zero Handbook, 841–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76505-7_49.

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AbstractWhile many countries are apparently adopting “Safe System” for road safety, the failure to deliver the vision of zero deaths and serious injuries continues in part due to the lack of a rigorous and agreed definition of “safe” in road safety. Multiple authoritative definitions of the adjective “safe” exist which may be categorized as probabilistic and absolute. While apparently similar, these definitions are in a fundamental sense inconsistent with each other. The probabilistic definition involves degrees of safety, through probabilities that harm is not likely or unlikely, or that there is little risk. The absolute definition presents safety as free from harm or not involving any risk or protected from danger. Road safety is currently communicated as though there is an agreed meaning of safe, but the vital conversation around what is meant by safe is not undertaken because the difference in usage of the term safe is not appreciated. For example, in road design and engineering, road design standards are generally developed to achieve this probabilistic definition of safety and not absolute safety: the road can be described as safe because it by itself (with perfect use) will not cause a crash, even though people still die on it. Based on the absolute definition of safe, such roads are not safe as unambiguously demonstrated by people dying on them. Calls for roads to be made safe employing the absolute definition are often met with the response that they are already safe (in the probabilistic sense), having been built to “accepted” design guidelines. The acceptance of the probabilistic definition of safe for Safe System hinders progress toward its fundamental aims of zero deaths and serious injuries. In order to achieve zero deaths and serious injuries, uniform understanding and acceptance of “safe” adopting the absolute definition is needed.
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Sakashita, Chika, R. F. Soames Job, and Matts-Åke Belin. "Miscommunications Based on Different Meanings of “Safe” and Their Implications for the Meaning of Safe System." In The Vision Zero Handbook, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23176-7_49-1.

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AbstractWhile many countries are apparently adopting “Safe System” for road safety, the failure to deliver the vision of zero deaths and serious injuries continues in part due to the lack of a rigorous and agreed definition of “safe” in road safety. Multiple authoritative definitions of the adjective “safe” exist which may be categorized as probabilistic and absolute. While apparently similar, these definitions are in a fundamental sense inconsistent with each other. The probabilistic definition involves degrees of safety, through probabilities that harm is not likely or unlikely, or that there is little risk. The absolute definition presents safety as free from harm or not involving any risk or protected from danger. Road safety is currently communicated as though there is an agreed meaning of safe, but the vital conversation around what is meant by safe is not undertaken because the difference in usage of the term safe is not appreciated. For example, in road design and engineering, road design standards are generally developed to achieve this probabilistic definition of safety and not absolute safety: the road can be described as safe because it by itself (with perfect use) will not cause a crash, even though people still die on it. Based on the absolute definition of safe, such roads are not safe as unambiguously demonstrated by people dying on them. Calls for roads to be made safe employing the absolute definition are often met with the response that they are already safe (in the probabilistic sense), having been built to “accepted” design guidelines. The acceptance of the probabilistic definition of safe for Safe System hinders progress toward its fundamental aims of zero deaths and serious injuries. In order to achieve zero deaths and serious injuries, uniform understanding and acceptance of “safe” adopting the absolute definition is needed.
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Ying, Sun. "Research on urban road safety early warning system." In Advances in Urban Engineering and Management Science Volume 1, 591–99. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003305026-79.

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Zhang, Weihan, Meng Wang, Yan Mao, and Da Guo. "A driving simulator-based abnormal driver behavior detection and road safety audit technique." In Frontier Research: Road and Traffic Engineering, 535–44. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003305002-71.

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Vardaki, Sophia, and Evangelos Bekiaris. "Education and Training of Road Safety Auditors on the Implementation of Human Factors Principles in Safe Road Design." In Human Systems Engineering and Design, 439–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02053-8_67.

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Conference papers on the topic "Road safety engineering"

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Tumavičė, Aja, Juratė Vitkienė, Svaja Kaniušėnienė, Igoris Kravcovas, and Ineta Lingytė. "The Key Issues of Road Design Found from Road Safety Inspections and Road Safety Audits." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.150.

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In order to reduce accident rate on roads and streets more and more various road safety measures are being imple- mented each year. Nevertheless, road safety problem exists in most countries. For example, even though accident rate in Lith- uania was almost halved (6372 to 3161 yearly accidents) from years 2004 to 2015, fatality rate is still quite high – 8.3 per 100000 people. New regulations, approved in 2008, dictate the need of carrying out road safety audits and road safety inspec- tions for all road and street design projects. This paper presents most common road design errors and methods of fixing those errors based on Vilnius Gediminas Technical University Road Research Institute road safety auditors’ experience from years 2011 to 2016. Most common safety problems are organized and presented in groups ordered by their importance. Recommen- dations on how to improve road safety audit and inspection procedures in the future are formulated, as well as suggestions on improving road project design stage by taking most common flaw priority into consideration.
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Danišovič, P., and Ľ. Remek. "Joint road safety operations." In The 2nd International Conference on Engineering Sciences and Technologies. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315393827-125.

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Zhu, Shengxue, Jian Lu, Qiaojun Xiang, and Linli Yan. "Rural Road Traffic Safety Diagnosis Method." In Second International Conference on Transportation Engineering. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41039(345)665.

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Vulcan, Peter, and Tim Cave. "Road Safety in Victoria - An Overview." In 4th International Pacific Conference on Automotive Engineering. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/871276.

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Li, Shu-qing, Fang Wang, and Qi-liang Ren. "Relationship between Road Safety Guarantee Level and Driver Safety Perception." In First International Conference on Transportation Engineering. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40932(246)159.

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Vitkienė, Juratė, Virgaudas Puodžiukas, and Daiva Žilionienė. "New Approach to the Lithuanian Road Classification Based on Worldwide Experience." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.155.

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Road classification and road hierarchy are essential steps making sure that roads are designed and used properly. Road classification is an approach, to sort them into a small number of groups or classes, and then assigns the roads in a network to one or more of these groups. There are many ways to classify roads. One of them is regarding road hierarchy (or more specifically, functional road hierarchy). The efficiency and effectiveness of the road network directly impact economic growth and societal development. Economically, it is important through classification of roads to represent every road function, as it can enhance the delivery of goods efficient and effective. Arterial roads of a higher class significantly influence economic development by providing the main route of fright transportation and services, as well as significantly influence societal development as it provides a safe, effective and efficient route to travel on. At the same time, the high volume of traffic-related accidents calls for a road network that is safe for all road-users. It is known that the physical road network affects traffic and driver behaviour, and this in turn directly influences energy consumption and the environmental impacts associated with the emissions thereof. In this article review at road classification and road hierarchy of worldwide. It concludes with some comments on the current Lithuanian situation. It can be achieved in Lithuania to make influences to road safety, speed regulation, driver behaviour, traffic studies and accessibility to services.
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Hadi, Shiqah N., Ken T. Murata, Somnuk Phon-Amnuaisuk, Praphan Pavarangkoon, Takamichi Mizuhara, and Tan Soon Jiann. "Edge Computing for Road Safety Applications." In 2019 23rd International Computer Science and Engineering Conference (ICSEC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsec47112.2019.8974789.

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Abdalla, Mohamed. "3GR for Road Safety Integration of GIS, GPS, GSM and Remote Sensing, for Road Safety." In Eighth International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering (AATTE). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40730(144)48.

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Tan Jinhua and Shi Jing. "Rural road safety audit in China." In 2010 International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2010.5536169.

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Jiang, Yongqing, Haibin Wu, Zhengmei Liu, and Yong Wang. "Traffic Safety and Road Lighting Evenness Influence." In First International Conference on Transportation Engineering. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40932(246)137.

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Reports on the topic "Road safety engineering"

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Tarko, Andrew P., Mario A. Romero, Vamsi Krishna Bandaru, and Cristhian Lizarazo. TScan–Stationary LiDAR for Traffic and Safety Applications: Vehicle Interpretation and Tracking. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317402.

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To improve traffic performance and safety, the ability to measure traffic accurately and effectively, including motorists and other vulnerable road users, at road intersections is needed. A past study conducted by the Center for Road Safety has demonstrated that it is feasible to detect and track various types of road users using a LiDAR-based system called TScan. This project aimed to progress towards a real-world implementation of TScan by building two trailer-based prototypes with full end-user documentation. The previously developed detection and tracking algorithms have been modified and converted from the research code to its implementational version written in the C++ programming language. Two trailer-based TScan units have been built. The design of the prototype was iterated multiple times to account for component placement, ease of maintenance, etc. The expansion of the TScan system from a one single-sensor unit to multiple units with multiple LiDAR sensors necessitated transforming all the measurements into a common spatial and temporal reference frame. Engineering applications for performing traffic counts, analyzing speeds at intersections, and visualizing pedestrian presence data were developed. The limitations of the existing SSAM for traffic conflicts analysis with computer simulation prompted the research team to develop and implement their own traffic conflicts detection and analysis technique that is applicable to real-world data. Efficient use of the development system requires proper training of its end users. An INDOT-CRS collaborative process was developed and its execution planned to gradually transfer the two TScan prototypes to INDOT’s full control. This period will be also an opportunity for collecting feedback from the end user and making limited modifications to the system and documentation as needed.
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Li, Howell, Jijo K. Mathew, Woosung Kim, and Darcy M. Bullock. Using Crowdsourced Vehicle Braking Data to Identify Roadway Hazards. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317272.

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Modern vehicles know more about the road conditions than transportation agencies. Enhanced vehicle data that provides information on “close calls” such as hard braking events or road conditions during winter such as wheel slips and traction control will be critical for improving safety and traffic operations. This research applied conflict analyses techniques to process approximately 1.5 million hard braking events that occurred in the state of Indiana over a period of one week in August 2019. The study looked at work zones, signalized intersections, interchanges and entry/exit ramps. Qualitative spatial frequency analysis of hard-braking events on the interstate demonstrated the ability to quickly identify temporary and long-term construction zones that warrant further investigation to improve geometry and advance warning signs. The study concludes by recommending the frequency of hard-braking events across different interstate routes to identify roadway locations that have abnormally high numbers of “close calls” for further engineering assessment.
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CAREC Road Safety Engineering Manual 5: Star Ratings for Road Safety Audit. Asian Development Bank, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/tim220272-2.

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This manual sets out how to combine road safety audits with the International Road Assessment Programme methodology in a star ratings system. This system, Star Ratings for Road Safety Audits, will help policy makers and practitioners involved in designing, upgrading, and rehabilitating roads to meet safety targets and reduce injuries from traffic accidents.
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CAREC Road Safety Engineering Manual 4: Pedestrian Safety. Asian Development Bank, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/tim210073-2.

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This manual is a practical point of reference for the provision of safer pedestrian facilities in Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) countries. It focuses on the physical road infrastructure that can help pedestrians safely cross, and walk along, roads. It also outlines proven facilities that have been shown to assist pedestrians including those in the high-risk groups. Aimed at engineers, project managers, planners, traffic police, and other decision-makers, the manual shows how wise investment in pedestrian facilities can save lives, prevent injuries, and return major economic benefits to CAREC countries.
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CAREC Road Safety Engineering Manual 1: Road Safety Audit in Russian. Asian Development Bank, June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/tim189349-2.

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CAREC Road Safety Engineering Manual 1: Road Safety Audit in Mongolian. Asian Development Bank, February 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/tim189548-2.

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CAREC Road Safety Engineering Manual 2: Safer Road Works in Russian. Asian Development Bank, June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/tim189348-2.

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CAREC Road Safety Engineering Manual 5: Star Ratings for Road Safety Audit. Asian Development Bank, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/tim220331-3.

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CAREC Road Safety Engineering Manual 2: Safe Road Works in Mongolian. Asian Development Bank, February 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/tim189553-2.

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CAREC Road Safety Engineering Manual 4: Pedestrian Safety. Asian Development Bank, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/tim210137-3.

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