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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Road races'
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1
LINHARES, RICARDO. "COMFORT ON ROAD BIKES FOR LONG DISTANCE RACES: AN ERGONOMICAL APPROACH." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=9390@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROO ciclismo de estrada é um esporte que move milhões de pessoas em todo mundo, entre profissionais, amadores e entusiastas de final de semana. A literatura existente mostra que existem custos humanos relacionados à posição que os ciclistas adquirem enquanto pedalam. No Brasil existe muito pouca literatura sobre o assunto, e faz-se necessário aprofundar as pesquisas acadêmicas nesta área específica do ciclismo. A pesquisa parte do pressuposto que os atletas, na busca de melhores resultados, acabam deixando o conforto em segundo plano, o que acarreta em custos humanos que talvez pudessem ser evitados. A pesquisa foi conduzida durante provas de ciclismo de estrada, em diferentes estados do Brasil, onde inicialmente foi realizada uma observação assistemática das condições dos ciclistas durante uma prova. Em seguida foram aplicadas entrevistas com seis atletas. Estas entrevistas permitiram gerar um questionário que foi aplicado posteriormente com mais vinte ciclistas. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que existem custos humanos devido aos materiais empregados pelos ciclistas durante as provas, e que cerca de setenta por cento dos questionados sofre constantemente dores ao pedalar, principalmente na região lombar, nas costas, no pescoço e nas pernas. As informações levantadas servem de ponto de partida para pesquisas em áreas como Ergonomia, Design, Biomecânica e Medicina Esportiva.
Road Cycling is a sport that moves millions of people all around the world, between professionals, amateurs, and weekend enthusiasts. The present literature shows that there are humans costs associated with the positions cyclists assume while riding. In Brazil there´s very little literature about this subject, and it is necessary to deepen up academic research on this specific area of the sport. The research assumes initially that athletes, aiming for better results, end up leaving their own comfort aside, and that generates human costs that could be avoided. The research was conducted during road cycling races in different states of Brazil, where initially an unsystematic observation of the conditions of the cyclists was made. Then interviews were made with six athletes. These interviews generated a questionnaire that was applied to twenty cyclists. Results found show that human costs exists due to the material employed by the cyclists during road races, and that around seventy per cent of those questioned suffer from constant pain while cycling, specially in the lumbar area, the back, the neck and the legs. The information serves as a starting point to other researches in areas like Industrial Design, Ergonomics, Biomechanics and Sports Medicine.
2
Edwards, Amanda. "Flow, attentional strategy, and self-presentation in runners participating in 5 and 10 kilometer road races." Tallahassee, Florida : Florida State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08242009-172547/.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2009.Advisor: Robert Eklund, Florida State University, College of Education, Dept. of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed on May 7, 2010). Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 61 pages. Includes bibliographical references.
3
Fairweather, Lindon P. "Models to estimate arrival counts and staffing requirements in nonstationary queueing systems applied to long distance road races." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4890.
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As the traffic intensity gets lower, we find that staffing results based on the PASB are similar to staffing results based on the Erlang loss formula. These findings suggest that the PASB can be a valuable tool to aid race directors in making staffing decisions for races of all traffic intensities.; We examine the problem of staffing refreshment stations at a long distance road race. A race is modeled as a mixed queueing network in which the required number of servers at each service station has to be estimated. Two models to represent the progress of runners along a long distance road race course are developed. One model is a single-class model that allows a road race manager to staff service stations assuming the runners are identical to those in some historical dataset. Another model is a multi-class simulation model that allows a road race manager to simulate a race of any number of runners, classified based on their running pace into different runner classes. Both the single-class model and the multi-class model include estimates for the rates at which the runners arrive at specified locations along the course. The arrival rates, combined with assumed service rates, allow us to base staffing decisions on the Erlang loss formula or a lesser known staffing rule that gives a lower bound for the required number of servers. We develop a staffing strategy that we call the Peak Arrival Staffing Bound (PASB), which is based on this staffing bound. The PASB and the Erlang loss formula are implemented in the single-class model and the multi-class simulation model. By way of numerical experiments, we find that the PASB is numerically stable and can be used to get staffing results regardless of the traffic intensity. This finding is in contrast to the Erlang loss formula, which is known to become numerically unstable and overflows when the traffic intensity exceeds 171. We compare numerical results of the PASB and the Erlang loss formula with a blocking probability level of 5% and find that when the traffic intensity is high, staffing results based on the PASB are more conservative than staffing results based on the Erlang loss formula.ID: 030423488; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 122-126).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
Engineering and Computer Science
4
Lee, Hamilton, and n/a. "Competitive mountain bike and road cycling: physiological characteristics of athletes and demands of competition." University of Canberra. Health Sciences, 2003. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050523.110406.
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Despite many studies describing the physiological characteristics of professional road
cyclists and recent work describing the demands of competition, there is a paucity of
similar information regarding elite mountain bike (MTB) cyclists. The aim of the
present work was to describe the physiological characteristics and the demands of
competition for successful MTB cyclists relative to successful road cyclists.
Internationally competitive cyclists from both disciplines (seven MTB and seven road)
completed the following laboratory tests: anthropometric measurements, an incremental
cycle ergometer test and a 30 minute laboratory time trial. In addition, the power output
profile obtained in the field from a world-class MTB cyclist riding a simulated race
were compared to successful road cycling performances (placing top 3) in flat (FLAT),
semi-mountainous (SEMO), high-mountainous (HIMO), individual time trial (ITT) and
criterium (CRIT) road races.
Due to conversion problems, 6 sentences have been omitted. For full abstract, see 01front.pdf.
These results indicate that success in international MTB racing
requires high power-to-weight characteristics complemented by a light and lean
physique. MTB racing is associated with greater torque at the pedal crank, a more
constant effort with less time at lower power outputs and a higher frequency of highintensity
surges than road racing. Therefore coaches should take into account these
unique MTB racing characteristics when devising training programs for elite athletes.
5
Williams, Claire Marie. "“The Rise of Skirt Culture”: A Multi-Faceted Analysis of Running Skirts and the Skirt Chaser 5k Race Series." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1280789526.
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Arndt, Owen Kingsley. "Relationship Between Unsignalised Intersection Geometry and Accident Rates." Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15815/.
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The aim of this research is to determine the effect of unsignalised intersection geometry on the rates of the various types of accidents occurring at unsignalised intersections. A literature review has identified that there is little consistency between the results of previous studies. Some studies found that particular parameters had an opposite effect to what was expected. With this in mind, the research identified reasons for these results and developed two basic approaches to mitigate some of the problems with multi-factor type studies. These approaches are 'maximise the efficiency of data collection' and 'develop techniques for analysing less than perfect data'. A database consisting of 206 unsignalised intersection sites from throughout Queensland was used for analysis. The outcome of this research confirms the validity of several of the current design standards for unsignalised intersections, in addition to identifying new engineering procedures.
7
Coleman, Damian Alan. "The energetics of competitive road race cycling." Thesis, University of Kent, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365247.
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McLeod, John T. Jr. "The Economic impact of the 1992 Peachtree Road Race." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29353.
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Lloyd, Louise. "Modelling trends in road accident frequency : Bayesian inference for rates with uncertain exposure." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/358621/.
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Several thousand people die as a result of a road accident each year in Great Britain and the trend in the number of fatal accidents is monitored closely to understand increases and reductions in the number of deaths. Results from analysis of these data directly influence Government road safety policy and ensure theintroduction of effective safety interventions across the country. Overall accident numbers are important, but when disaggregating into various characteristics, accident risk (defined as the number of accidents relative to an exposure measure) is a better comparator. The exposure measure used most commonly for accident rate analysis is traffic flow which can be disaggregated into vehicle types, road type, and year. Here we want to assess the accident risk across different car types and car ages, and therefore alternative exposure sources are required. We disaggregate exposure to a further extent than possible with currently available data in order to take the increased variability within these new factors into account. Exposure data sources are mainly based on sample surveys and therefore have some associated uncertainty, however previous accident risk analysis has not, in general, taken this into account. For an explicit way to include this uncertainty we use a Bayesian analysis to combine three sources of exposure using a log-Normal model with model priors representing our uncertainty in each data source. Using further Bayesian models, we propagate this uncertainty through to accident rates and accident severity, determining important factors and inter- relationships between factors to identify key features affecting accident trends,and we make the first exploration of the effect of the recent recession on road accidents.
10
Shuhaibar, Nabeel Khalil. "Road accidents in a developing country : characteristics and causes of accident rates in Kuwait." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8185.
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Rhys-Tyler, Glyn Alun. "The significance of vehicle technology and driver behaviour in determining road vehicle exhaust emission rates." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1919.
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This research utilises data from instrumented vehicles and road side remote sensing in an urban environment to explore the relationships between exhaust tail pipe emissions, vehicle technology, and driver behaviour. An investigation is carried out into the nature of variability that exists in the driving behaviour of a sample of drivers, and the influence of such variability on fuel consumption and the emission rates of exhaust pollutants. Analysis of data from remote sensing reveals that emissions from petrol cars (CO, HC, NO, PM) are all observed to display a statistically significant reduction with the introduction of each successive Euro emissions standard from Euro 1 onwards. However, Euro 2 diesel cars are observed to emit statistically higher rates of NO than either Euro 1 or Euro 3 standard diesel cars. When the New European Driving Cycle is synthesised from remote sensing data and compared with type approval data published by the UK Vehicle Certification Agency, mean CO emissions from petrol cars ≤3 years old measured using remote sensing are found to be 1.3 times higher than published original type approval test values; this factor increases to 2.2 for cars 4 – 8 years old, and 6.4 for cars 9 – 12 years old. The corresponding factors for diesel cars are 1.1, 1.4, and 1.2 respectively. This thesis has made an original contribution to the field in two main areas; firstly by quantifying the ‘real-world’ emission rates for a sample of the UK vehicle fleet in an urban area, and demonstrating the statistically significant differences in emission rates between groups of vehicles; and secondly, by proposing a feasible method to move towards reconciling essentially instantaneous road side measurements of exhaust emissions obtained from remote sensing, with laboratory based measurements taken over a legislated driving cycle as part of the new vehicle type approval process.
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Meloy, Michael Joseph. "The long road to Manzanar : politics, land, and race in the Japanese exclusion movement, 1900-1942 /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Lumsden, Karen. "Rebels of the road a sociological analysis of Aberdeen's "boy racer" culture and the societal reaction to their behaviour /." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=53344.
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CERQUEIRA, ROBERTA CARDOSO. "LIMA BARRETO AND THE ROAD TO MADNESS. ALIENATION, ALCOHOLISM AND RACE AT THE TURN OF THE 20TH CENTURY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2002. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=3926@1.
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O trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a loucura na cidade
do Rio de Janeiro no final do século XIX e início do
século
XX, bem como os temas que com ela se relacionam tais como
raça, alcoolismo e hereditariedade, através da lente do
escritor-paciente Afonso Henriques de Lima Barreto,
privilegiando os escritos ficcionais e autobiográficos do
autor. A pesquisa procurou inserir o registro do
particular, isto é, de um indivíduo que sofreu na própria
pele a discriminação e o tratamento destinado aos que
eram
considerados doentes mentais, de forma que o estudo possa
ser visto e examinado dentro de uma perspectiva mais
ampla.
A dissertação foi dividida em três momentos: a tentativa
de
estabelecer uma analogia entre a experiência da loucura e
aquela vivida por todos os habitantes do Rio de Janeiro
nos
primeiros anos do século XX, a análise das concepções
médicas e científicas sobre a loucura e a presença do
tema
nos textos do autor e, por último, o convívio do
romancista
com a loucura no espaço doméstico e também no Hospício
Nacional de Alienados.The present study aims at analyzing mental diseases in the city of Rio de Janeiro at the end of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century, as well as the issues related to madness, such as race, alcoholism and heredity, through the eyes of the writerpatient Afonso Henriques de Lima Barreto, mainly through his fiction and autobiographic writings. The present analysis tried to include individual records, i.e. records of a man who was segregated and treated according to the procedures given to the mentally sick at that time, so that the research could be carried out within a broader perspective. The dissertation consists of three parts: the attempt to establish similarities between the experience of madness and the experience lived by the population in Rio de Janeiro during the first years of the 20th century, the analysis of scientific information and doctors` concepts on mental disturbance and the presence of the theme in the writer`s works and last, the writer`s experience with madness both at home and at the asylum Hospício Nacional de Alienados.
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Jones, Shawn. "A Long Road to Travel: Narratives of African American Male Preservice Educators' Journeys through a Graduate Teacher Eduaction Program." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/msit_diss/78.
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The ongoing research concerning African American males enrolled in teacher education
programs is essential for a number of reasons. Research specifically addressing preservice
teaching, teacher education, and the African American male student is needed to promote the
well-being of any school of education. According to McCray, Sindelar, Kilgore, and Neal
(2002), colleges of education have addressed the issue of underrepresentation and under
population of African American teachers through policy reform and financial support.
The narratives of African American male preservice teachers and their perspectives on
teacher education may provide a context for other researchers seeking to understand how and
why African American males move into the field of education. More importantly, one particular
way to enhance and advance the cause of the African American male preservice teacher is to
accept a “culturally sensitive practice” (Tillman, 2002, p. 3) and insure epistemological and
research practices unfamiliar to many teachers of preservice teachers are approved and
embraced.
This study is situated in a cultural, racial, and gendered point of view seeking to highlight
the individual and shared experiences of three African American male preservice teachers
enrolled in a graduate teacher education program. Stabilized through the lens of critical race
theory (CRT), the gathering of counter-narratives provided the context to allow the research
participants a vehicle to name their own reality.
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Salmon, Nina Vest. "Paved with Good Intentions: The Road to Racial Unity in the Episcopal Diocese of Southwestern Virginia." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71390.
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The Right Reverend William Henry Marmion was consecrated as bishop of the Diocese of Southwestern Virginia on May 13, 1954, days prior to the Brown v. Board of Education decision and just over a decade after the Episcopal Church's General Convention formally opposed racial discrimination. A diocesan conference center in Hungry Mother State Park, purchased soon after his consecration, sparked a controversy that was to smolder and flame for the first decade of Marmion's 25 years as bishop. Marmion led the move to desegregate the diocesan conference center, Hemlock Haven, in 1958 and subsequently effected integration by closing three of the four black churches in the diocese and inviting members to choose a neighboring church to join. The initial integration of the diocese was a turbulent process that centered around Hemlock Haven. The diocese moved with some difficulty towards racial integration in a microcosm of what was happening in the wider Church and in the United States. Historical documents, secondary sources, interviews, and theoretical understanding of minority responses to oppression help me to describe this time of racial desegregation of the Diocese of Southwestern Virginia and its implications. Critical theory gleaned from W. E. B. Du Bois and from Homi Bhabha informs my understanding of some of the implications as well as many of the actions and outcomes. Du Bois's notion of double consciousness and Bhbaba's similar term hybridity, both of which acknowledge a dual locus of identity and of power, are relevant to understanding some of the interactions revealed by primary source correspondence. I will focus on Hemlock Haven as the entry point into desegregation and on the black churches in the diocese, both before and after that critical point, adding the witness of black voices to the white narrative of this history. A historical look at the trajectory of race and race relations in the Episcopal Church informs the moment of the caesura--an interruption--the desegregation of Hemlock Haven, and the fate of the four black churches in the diocese. From the point of the rupture comes identification, the emergence of a new space, a cultural reboot.Ph. D.
17
Harris, J. B. "Calculation of convective heat transfer rates in geometries relating to nuclear reactor safety research." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377312.
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Nguyen, Hoa Quynh. "The Relationship between Cars, Roads and Mortality Rates in the United States in the Early 20th Century." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/578693.
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The automobile transformed life in America, but there has been very little quantitative analysis of the diffusion of the automobile in the 1920s and 1930s. In my first chapter, I compile a new county panel data set with car registrations and highway miles for the 1920s and 1930s to examine the interaction between automobiles and the building of highways in three states Indiana, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin. I find that a 10 percent increase in state highway miles leads to a one percent increase in car registrations. If the Federal government helped states double their state highway miles in 1930, the number of automobile registrations in 1942 would have increased by about 63 percent at the county level. Using the same instrumental variable with Chapter 1, I discuss the relationship between the diffusion of motor vehicles on farms and farms' access to good roads in Chapter 2. A ten percent increase in farms' access to hard roads leads to 0.8 percent increase in the number of automobiles on farms, and three percent increase in the number of trucks on farms. The impact of having access to gravel/shell/clay roads on farms' truck adoption is also about three times higher than that on farms' automobile adoption. Together with the rapid automobile adoption, deaths from infectious diseases have declined in the U.S during the 20th century. The 3rd paper examines the relationship between rapid automobile adoption and the fall in mortality rates, with a focus on infant mortality in the early 20th century. Cars replaced horses and reduced the number of horse stables in the cities, along with the manure that nourished generations of flies, the key carriers of the germs and bacteria responsible for infectious diseases. This trend helped to improve sanitation on a macro (urban) and hygiene on a micro (individual) level, especially in large, crowded cities. This, in turn, drove down deaths from those diseases.
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Fomunung, Ignatius Wobyeba. "Predicting emissions rates for the Atlanta on-road light-duty vehicular fleet as a function of operating modes, control technologies, and engine charateristics." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20834.
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Brogan, Allison Faith. "Fortifying the Roar of Women: Betty Shamieh and the Palestinian-American Female Voice." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1337898606.
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Paulse, Michele. "An oral history of Tramway Road and Ilford Street, Sea Point, 1930s-2001 : the production of place by race, class and gender." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22500.
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Bibliography: pages 275-294.The political economies of segregation and apartheid contributed to the production and reproduction of a mainly Coloured working-class enclave in Tramway Road and Ilford Street, Sea Point, during the 20th century. Against this background, this thesis discusses activities performed by residents of the enclave in their residential area, activities that reflected the changing political economies and through which the residents themselves produced and reproduced their residential area. From the 1920s through to 1961, the enclave was both a product and a response to the successive political economies of segregation and apartheid. Excerpts of life history interviews are used to discuss activities that residents performed. Those activities discussed focus on the household, occupation, leisure, race and class. In doing so, this thesis is a micro-study of Tramway Road and Ilford Street. Part of the discussion of households and occupation is based on a household survey that was conducted in Tramway and Ilford streets around August 1961. Combined with oral history excerpts, the survey shows that household structure changed over time and in response to conditions internal and external to the enclave. Oral history excerpts are also used to discuss the occupations of people who lived in the enclave. To date there has been little discussion on the working lives of Coloureds in the now-destroyed residential areas. Oral history excerpts and data from the 1961 survey emphasise that the gender and race bias of the political economy limited the occupational status and income of the residents. Based on the 1961 survey, tables on the wages of females and males and household income were developed to support discussion on occupation and the economic well-being of households. The data and excerpts provide evidence of the legacy of the political economy of segregation and its role in the reproduction of a mainly Coloured working-class residential area. Owing to the mainly working-class character of the enclave, residents interacted in ways that promoted their economic well-being and helped to sustain households that lived in the residential area. Oral history excerpts are used to discuss race and class. Matters related to race examines ways that residents of the enclave responded to the racialisation of space in Sea Point. Matters related to class focus on how a general working-class status was expressed through housing but how the inhabitants communicated their personal status through material possession and inter- and intra-class distinction. In doing so, the thesis discusses how segregation and apartheid not only informed a sense of race identity but also contributed to class distinction and tension in the residential area. Newspaper, municipal and city archives are used to discuss the historical origins of the enclave and the concerns of city officials about the condition of the dwellings there. Newspaper archives and oral history excerpts also form an important part of the discussion of the forced removal of the residents of the enclave in 1959-1961. Minutes of meetings and personal communication provide data on the process of restitution for Tramway Road in 1997-2001. Through this micro-study of Tramway and Ilford streets, this thesis is meant to contribute to the histories of now-destroyed residential areas of Cape Town.
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Seamon, Mark Jeffrey. "1W (flexible casting) diversity and doubleness in Anna Deavere Smith's On the road: a search for American character /." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1117221328.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 279 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 238-279). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Pelletier, Melissa G. "The Road to the White House: A Correlational Analysis of Twitter Sentiment and National Polls in the 2016 Election Cycle." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7075.
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In this thesis, the author examines the last 131 days of the 2016 election cycle. This analysis focuses on how sentiment is present on Twitter when people engage in political communication on social media. With the increasing online political discussions created on social media such as Twitter, an analysis of sentiment is critical. The data could be obtainable for candidates to estimate the electorate’s opinion of each candidate. A shift of sentiment offers a deeper insight into tracking changing attitudes toward candidates. Because Twitter only allows each tweet to be 140 characters there is a simplicity that offers statements to be concise. Trends for each candidate throughout the final days of the election cycle are correlated with national polls to assess if there is a relationship present. This study applies sentiment to recognize trends that may estimate a candidate’s chance of winning the election and offers indications as to how the intended electorate may vote when a relationship is established between sentiment and national polls.
24
Hagood, Susan. "Genetic differentiation of selected Eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina) populations in fragmented habitats, and a comparison of road-based mortality rates to population size." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9995.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.Thesis research directed by: Marine, Estuarine, Environmental Sciences Graduate Program. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Buividas, Andrius. "Didelio meistriškumo plento dviratininkų rengimas metiniu priešolimpiniu ciklu." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110811_144259-85338.
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XXIX olimpinės žaidynės, vykusios 2008 metais Pekino mieste buvo jau penktosios, kuriose startavo nepriklausomybę atgavusios Lietuvos sportininkai. Vasaros olimpinėse žaidynėse plento dviračių lenktynių programoje yra dvi rungtys vyrams ir moterims: grupinės ir atskiro starto lenktynės. Šioms varžyboms Lietuvos dviratininkai rengėsi specialiai, vykdydami programoje „Pekinas-2008“ numatytus uždavinius. Pekino olimpinėse žaidynėse vieno iš tiriamųjų dviratininkų pasiektas rezultatas grupinių varžybų distancijoje buvo įvertintas patenkinamai.
Tyrimo tikslas ir uždaviniai - ištirti Lietuvos didelio meistriškumo plento dviratininkų rengimąsi Pekino olimpinėms žaidynėms metiniu ciklu, nustatyti jų ugdymo ypatumus. Nustatyti Lietuvos plento dviratininkų fizinio išsivystymo rodiklių kaitą metiniu rengimosi ciklu, nustatyti Lietuvos plento dviratininkų fizinių ir funkcinių galių rodiklių kaitą metinių rengimosi ciklu, išanalizuoti ir apibendrinti jų varžybinę veiklą ir pasiektus rezultatus.
Plento dviratininkų rengimo technologija yra sudėtinga, reikalaujanti iš sportininko didelių fizinių gebėjimų, funkcinio pajėgumo, laiko sąnaudų, gausaus aptarnaujančio techninio personalo. Šią sudėtingą rengimosi technologiją reikia pagrįsti moksliniais tyrimais.
Buvo organizuotas dviejų Lietuvos plento dviratininkų veiklos tyrimas. Išanalizuotas fizinis krūvis, atliktas metiniu priešolimpiniu treniruočių ciklu. Pateiktos abiejų tiriamųjų dviratininkų fizinio krūvio suvestinės, išanalizuota... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Lithuanian athletes’ participation in the Games of the XXIX Olympiad in 2008, Beijing, was their fifth time participation in the Games as a delegation of independence-regained state. In Olympic Games, cycling road race consists of two events: group race and time trial race (men and women). For this race, Lithuanian riders used to prepare following the tasks set in the special preparatory program “Beijing–2008”. One investigated riders’ results, achieved in Beijing Olympic Games in group race event, received an evaluation as being satisfactory. The aim and tasks of the investigation were to study Lithuanian elite cycling road race riders’ preparation for Beijing Olympic Games in yearly training cycle, as well as to establish their training peculiarities; focus was also put on examining the change of riders’ physical development, physical and functional capacities indices in yearly preparation cycle, also – to analyze and summarize their competitive activity and achieved results. Technology of cycling road race riders’ preparation is rather complex and requires much physical and functional capacities of an athlete, as well as time expenditure and numerous technical staff. Thus, this complex preparatory technology is to be scientifically grounded. Research on two Lithuanian road race riders’ activity was performed, their physical load, carried out during yearly pre-Olympic training cycle, was analyzed. The work presents resume of both riders’ physical load; analysis on... [to full text]
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Weiss, Martin, Peter Dekker, Alberto Moro, Harald Scholz, and Martin K. Patel. "On the electrification of road transportation – A review of the environmental, economic, and social performance of electric two-wheelers." Elsevier, 2015. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72787.
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Electrification is widely considered as a viable strategy for reducing the oil dependency and environmental impacts of road transportation. In pursuit of this strategy, most attention has been paid to electric cars. However, substantial, yet untapped, potentials could be realized in urban areas through the large-scale introduction of electric two-wheelers. Here, we review the environmental, economic, and social performance of electric two-wheelers, demonstrating that these are generally more energy efficient and less polluting than conventionally-powered motor vehicles. Electric two-wheelers tend to decrease exposure to pollution as their environmental impacts largely result from vehicle production and electricity generation outside of urban areas. Our analysis suggests that the price of e-bikes has been decreasing at a learning rate of 8%. Despite price differentials of 5000 ± 1800 EUR2012 kW h−1 in Europe, e-bikes are penetrating the market because they appear to offer an apparent additional use value relative to bicycles. Mid-size and large electric two-wheelers do not offer such an additional use value compared to their conventional counterparts and constitute niche products at price differentials of 700 ± 360 EUR2012 kW−1 and 160 ± 90 EUR2012 kW−1, respectively. The large-scale adoption of electric two-wheelers can reduce traffic noise and road congestion but may necessitate adaptations of urban infrastructure and safety regulations. A case-specific assessment as part of an integrated urban mobility planning that accounts, e.g., for the local electricity mix, infrastructure characteristics, and mode-shift behavior, should be conducted before drawing conclusions about the sustainability impacts of electric two-wheelers.
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Soares, André Luis Vieira. "Análise de conforto e elastocinemática das suspensões de duplo estágio de um veículo de competição off-road em ambiente multicorpos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18135/tde-11092006-112350/.
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Este trabalho apresenta o estudo da dinâmica vertical de um veículo off-road de competição e do comportamento elastocinemático de suas suspensões primárias de duplo estágio com o auxílio da ferramenta computacional de simulação de sistemas multicorpos MSC-ADAMS. O modelo multicorpos do veículo inclui os modelos da suspensão dianteira, suspensão traseira, sistema de direção, pneus e massa suspensa. As análises elastocinemáticas das suspensões definiram geometrias que permitem longos cursos de trabalho das suspensões sem variações indesejadas de parâmetros de projeto. Com a análise modal do modelo de veículo completo foram definidos os valores de rigidez das molas das suspensões de duplo estágio que resultaram em valores de freqüência natural no primeiro estágio semelhantes aos indicados para carros de passeio e no segundo estágio, próximos dos encontrados em veículos de competição. A análise de conforto do veículo durante simulação de passagem por trecho de pista demonstrou que os elementos de força definidos na análise modal resultam em níveis de conforto raramente encontrados em veículos de competição.This dissertation presents the study of a off-road competition vehicle ride and the double rate suspensions elastokinematic behavior using the multibody software MSC-ADAMS. The vehicle multibody model includes the rear and front suspensions, the steering system, the tires and the sprung mass. The suspensions elastokinematic analysis defined geometric configurations that allowed long jounce and rebound travel of wheel, without undesirable project parameters variations. In the modal analysis of the vehicle multibody model, the springs rates that results in natural frequencies values similar to passenger cars for the first suspension stage and, for the second stage, similar to competition vehicles, were defined. The ride analysis during the simulation of the vehicle running on a rough track showed that the force elements defined on the modal analysis resulted in a good ride quality, rarely found in competition vehicles.
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GERULIS, EDUARDO. "Controle de dose em transporte rodoviário de material radioativo." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2013. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10594.
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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:42:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:00:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Russell, Phillip A. "(Un)Settling America." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1524244189432238.
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Al-Rawas, M. A. S. "Urban transportation problems in the Muscat area, Sultanate of Oman." Thesis, University of Salford, 1989. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/2257/.
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The economy of Oman, was traditional in character before the development of the oil sector which set in motion the present structural transformation. Economic prosperity gave the opportunity to the public to possess their own private means of transport, thus resulting in a rapid increase in the number of vehicles in the country, particularly in the Muscat Area the capital city of the country. Free essential services such as health and education, and no taxes and duties have led to high disposable household income. Therefore, Muscat is witnessing rapid and successive land-use changes, expansion of the urban area and multi-car owning households. In the last two decades the population of Muscat increased considerably. This population growth was accompanied by a substantial expansion of Muscat's boundaries to provide homes, work places and other facilities. The topographical nature of the area limited the flat land available for housing, shops, schools, and other elements of the infrastructure. The resulting competition for space had as one of its consequences that insufficient land was allocated for car parking in the major activity centres, and the result was an acute shortage of parking spaces in these areas. The expansion of the Muscat Area was accompanied by changes in the employment and residential pattern. This resulted in a significant increase in number of vehicles, trips and commuting, and so the need for effective transport services and facilities became greater than ever before. The topographical features made it more difficult to provide sufficient transportation facilities. Development planning neglected the importance of arranging urban activities in such a way that the need for vehicle movements would be greatly reduced. It also resulted in low density population areas with street patterns mostly not designed for public transport services. This study sets out to discuss the problems of urban transportation in the Muscat Area and seeks to answer the following questions: What are the trip characteristics? How far do the natural topographical features inhibit the development of the Muscat road network? How does the existing network serve the needs of the area? How far can it cope with the traffic movement? Will the proposed major roads solve the present problems of traffic congestion and alleviate future ones? What are the main causes for traffic accidents? To what extent are car parking facilities adequate at the major activity centres? What is the role of Oman National Transport Company buses within the public transport system? The Muscat Area faces problems of traffic congestion and accidents, high demand on parking facilities and inadequate public transport. The situation is liable to deteriorate sharply in the next few years, unless effective action is taken. There is a need for a study that can provide immediate practical solutions and propose guidelines for future policy to ensure that the transport system is expanded and improved to cope with the needs arising from future growth. This study identifies factors contributing to the existing traffic problems with the intention of providing useful information which can help traffic planners and decision makers in understanding the nature of the problems, and finding solutions and guidelines for future policy. As far as methodology is concerned, a literature review is supported by fieldwork involving questionnaires and contacts with relevant authorities. Four types of surveys were conducted in order to collect information that can identify some of the factors that are contributory to the present problems. On the basis of the analysis of the data collected, urban transport problems are identified and discussed together with some possible solutions and recommendations.
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Dewez, Sophie. "On the toll setting problem." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211104.
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In this thesis we study the problem of road taxation. This problem consists in finding the toll on the roads belonging to the government or a private company in order to maximize the revenue. An optimal taxation policy consists in determining level of tolls low enough to favor the use of toll arcs, and high enough to get important revenues. Since there are twolevels of decision, the problem is formulated as a bilevel bilinear program.Doctorat en sciences, Orientation recherche opérationnelle
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Heilporn, Géraldine. "Network pricing problems : complexity, polyhedral study and solution approaches." Thèse, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6451.
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Lyu, Han-Bin, and 呂涵斌. "Studies on the Relationships from Leisure Benefits and Satisfaction of Road Races to Re-participation Intention." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/pvj5c9.
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碩士國立東華大學
國際企業學系
106
This thesis studies the effects of leisure benefits, service quality and satisfaction of road races on the runners which have participated in the running activities. 361 valid questionnaires are collected from the samples by means of a questionnaire survey for the structural equation modeling. The empirical analysis results show that : psychological benefit has significant positive impact on the satisfaction of road races and the re-participation intention, the service quality has a significant positive impact on the satisfaction of road races and on re-participation intention. But, physiological benefit has a significant negative effects on re-participation intention. This study expects to provide the organizers in the road racing activities to promote the leisure benefit of road races activities so as to enhance the service quality and to improve the satisfaction of road races of the runners. The results of this study leads to increase the runner's re-participation intention.
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CHEN, SHU-CHUAN, and 陳淑娟. "A Study on Influence of Exercise Habit on Willingness to Participate in Road Races – Social Support as the Moderator Variable." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4c29wx.
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碩士大葉大學
運動健康管理學系
106
The present study attempts to explore the influence of the exercise habit on the willingness to participate in road races among the general public and to investigate the moderation effect of social support on the relationship between the exercise habit and the willingness to participate in road races. The data was collected by purposive sampling technique aiming at those who had exercise habits and had participated in road races and those who had never been in road races but demonstrated the willingness to take part. A total of 511 questionnaires were received, with 52 invalid and 459 valid questionnaires, resulting in an effective responding rate of 89.82%. The statistical software SPSS was utilized for data processing and statistical analysis. Based on the results of descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, factor analysis and regression analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn: A. The better the exercise habit one has, the more willing one is to participate in road races. Specifically, the exercise habit is positively associated with the voluntary willingness and the willingness to recommend of the willingness construct. B. With regard to the moderation effect of social support, the stronger the interaction between the family support and the exercise habit, the greater the willingness and the voluntary willingness to participate in road races. Hence, the effect of the exercise habit on the willingness to participate in road races is partially moderated by social support. Finally, based on the research results, suggestions are made for road running associations, organizations for holding road races, and future researchers. Key Words: exercise habit, the voluntary willingness, the willingness to recommend, family support, friend support
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Wu, Yang-shen, and 吳暘紳. "Combining RFID and Android App Road Race Monitor System." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14377954682958541051.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立雲林科技大學
資訊管理系碩士班
101
Marathon is a sport competition that needs a lot of endurance. In recent years, Taiwan prospered on road race. More and more people are interested in that. But the long-distance sports competitions often make player heat stroke、 dehydration and even death because of supplies shortage. These accidents will affect athletes who want to participate in the game. In this study, we will design a complete system of road race. This system can display location of athletes on Google Map through a component called GMap.Net immediately. We can use the system on the athletes safety monitoring. The location data come from athlete’s android phone. Let competition of road race more smoothly、safety and quickly.
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Malinda, Rhinas Ntshavheni. "Herman Charles Bosman's treatment of race relations in Mafeking Road." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7671.
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M.A.This mini-dissertation deals with Herman Charles Bosman's depiction of racial prejudice among the different racial groups in South Africa in the period of the 1930s and 40s. The overarching issue of the narrator's racism forms the focus of discussion. Oom Schalk Lourens's storytelling techniques are a matter of cardinal importance that colours the entire interpretation of Mafeking Road. The introductory section of this study provides some biographical details about the author himself. This is followed by an exploration of Bosman's treatment of race and racial issues in three stories. Bosman's exploration of race relations involving blacks, Indians, whites as well as other minority groups is a reflection of his genuine concern for South Africa's future society as a whole. In the course of this study a brief analysis is also made of the author's portrayal of female characters. In the conclusion Bosman's overall achievement in terms of the major theme, race relations, is assessed. It is argued that the overt racism of Bosman's narrator Oom Schalk Lourens cannot be ascribed to the author himself; that it is the case, rather, that the author manipulates his narrator to achieve an ironic effect. In the final analysis, Bosman is critical of the racist attitudes his characters display, but his method is to satirise and debunk these attitudes gently and obliquely.
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WANG, YU-HAN, and 王鈺涵. "Correlation investigate Yunlin County's road race event and experiential marketing." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49630492033862897473.
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碩士國立雲林科技大學
工業工程與管理系
104
This study explored Yunlin road race and the relevance of experiential marketing aimed at understanding Yunlin road race and experiential marketing, experience the value of the correlation coefficient and the willingness to revisit. Yunlin to have been involved in road race player for the study, of 322 valid questionnaires, via descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, correlation analysis, statistical methods, the number of single factor analysis of variance, the sample data were analyzed. The results found that one-way analysis of variance showed that there are different educational and vocational significant differences in experiential marketing. There are significant differences in different occupations average monthly income and place of residence in the value of the experience. Different Maximum stay there significant differences in the willingness to revisit. The experiential marketing has a positive significant effect on the value of experience, experiential marketing has a positive significant effect on the willingness to revisit and experience the value has a positive significant effect on the willingness to revisit. Based on analysis results show Roadrunner help Yunlin place of experiential marketing, it is worth continuing to be driven by the end of this study for the promotion of Yunlin road race and further research suggestions for reference.
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Kuo, Yao-chen O'Connor James Thomas. "Highway earthwork and pavement production rates for construction time estimation." 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3143291.
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Lo, Kuo-Wei, and 羅國偉. "A Study on Taipei Marathon Stepping to IAAF Label Road Race." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/s8ten2.
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碩士國立臺北教育大學
體育學系碩士班
106
The hosting of marathon races has been an international trend of major cities around the world. The Taipei Marathon is not only the longest historically held marathon race in Taiwan, it is also one of the largest scale with the highest number of participants. In addition to successfully creating a momentum of interest in jogging, it has also developed as an event to level international standard while also obtaining the goal of promoting the athletic spirit and spreading the city’s renown. The researcher is himself a member of the Taipei Marathon host committee and was involved as an advisor in the planning and strategy development since 2015. This case study through document analysis method, data collection , participant observation and a study was conducted with the goal of obtaining a thorough analysis of the marathon event. The purpose of this research is to understand the development of the Taipei Marathon and to analyze the progress of the Taipei Marathon application for the International Athletics Association Road Tag Certification. Proposed strategy for certification. The results of the study found that the major challenge of the Taipei City Marathon in its efforts to reach the standard of the IAAF is the issue of traffic control. Research proposes 5 solutions to overcoming this challenge, as follows: revising the marathon race course, clearer re-routing of traffic and pedestrians, increasing the coverage of traffic control, re-allocation of the start and finish points, and increase the publicity of the event. In addition, in order to further the visibility of the Taipei Marathon internationally, attracting contestants from abroad to participate and to encourage the professionalism of participants nationally, it is proposed that the marathon make plans to provide more services and events for the contestants, increasing the overall value of the event.
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Liu, Su-li, and 劉素利. "A Study on Comfort Sensation of Road Race Bicycle Handle Design." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18059665842159757553.
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碩士朝陽科技大學
設計研究所
96
The road race bicycle riders always keep the cycling postures as to lower extremities and to lower the back, the neck and upper extremities for reducing wind speed, but the postures also reduce the comfort of the body. In order to solve the problem, the handlebar for the road race bicycle can control the directions and changes the hole to make different postures for reducing uncomfortable, but this method can not reduce the pain in the palms. Therefore, the main purpose is to add the comfortableness to the road race bicycle handlebar. First, adopting analysis of extract on the form feature as the main factors that will cause influences on the orientation recognition, and proceed with the experiment of handlebar’s curve for the result that whether or not the curve effect the comfortableness of the handlebar. Continuing with the comfort experiment of the handlebar area for understanding the palm’s area of pressure and touch, and gather the details of subjective evaluation. Based on the result of the analysis of the experiment, we would be able to estimate the most appropriate size, and with 3D drafting and “Coordinates the Rapid Prototyping” technology for designing new handlebar, and fulfill the final experiment that is used to evaluate the new handlebar’s comfort. Taking the example from one of the results, with the added width and with the camber of human factors fitting in the new handlebar design, and made the areas of touch increased conspicuously, the areas of pressure were reduced. As we compare the old handlebar C with the new handlebar F’s, taking the first experimental position as the example (the upper part of the handlebar which closer to the center of the handlebar). The results showed the palm’s area of touch have 5 negative and 13 positive responses that means handlebar F’s is bigger than C’s, and the palm’s area of pain have the range between 16 negative and 2 positive responses that means handlebar F’s is apparently smaller than C’s. After the combined evaluations, the new handlebar was perceived to be better in comfortableness.
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KIN-HUNG, HUANG, and 黃金宏. "Alteration of Biochemical Values in Serum after 150 Kilometers Cycling Road Race." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70579173774351122787.
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碩士臺北巿立體育學院
運動科學研究所
94
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the150 km cycle road race on blood cell counts and serum electrolyte concentrations. 12 volunteers were practiced in this study (age: 21.4 ± 8.19yrs, high: 170.5 ± 5.63 cm, weight: 62.0 ± 6.42kg). Blood samples were obtained before, immediately after the race and 24 hours after the race. Haematocrit and haemoglobin concentration did not significant change before and after race (p> .05), however leukocytes volume was significant increase by 57.78%. Serum calcium and sodium concentrations showed decrease significantly, but the response was recovery to normal range after 24hours. Serum lactate acid and creatine kinase concentration increased (p < .05). After one day rest, lactate acid was down to baseline, but creatine kinase still higher then baseline. In the 12 male athletes studied serially for 24 h after the race, the major changes involved increase in mean serum electrolyte, it means 150 km cycle road race might induce electrolyte unbalanced and impaired the exercise performance. However plasma volume immediately and 24 hours compared with the pre-race value, there were not progressive and significant change in MCH and MCHC probably indicating water supplement during racing might prevent the body fluid loss. The decreasing of blood glucose showed even athletes ingested water or sports drink, it seems necessary for athletes to eat more carbohydrate to maintain energies need during endurance race.
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Kuo, Yao-chen. "Highway earthwork and pavement production rates for construction time estimation." Thesis, 2004. http://www.lib.utexas.edu/etd/d/2004/kuoy81347/kuoy81347.pdf#page=3.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2004.Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 329-334). Also available online via the University of Texas Libraries website (http://www.lib.utexas.edu/).
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Liu, Shi-Kun, and 劉錫崑. "Effects of Road Race for Elite Cyclists on Antioxidant Capacity and Muscle Damage." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86844577171704332564.
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碩士國立彰化師範大學
應用運動科學研究所
94
Purpose: To investigate the effects of road race for elite cyclists on antioxidant capacity and muscle damage. Methods: Ten elite cyclists (age =21.4 ± 1.9 years、height =164.4 ± 2.1 cm、body mass =57.6 ± 2.9 kg、body mass index (BMI) =21.2 ± 0.6 kg/m2 ) were recruited during the 2005 National Cycling Road Race Championship. They spent 175.7 ± 4.5 min (7-Km time trial：11.8 ± 0.3 min and 100-Km road race：163.4 ± 4.3 min) to finish the race. The blood samples were collected 2 hours before the race (pre), immediately after the race(0 h), 3, 7, 24, 72, and 120 hours after the race to determine superoxide dismutase (SOD), total glutathione (TGSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyls (PC), uric acid (UA), and nitric oxide (NO). Results: The plasma CK increased 93.66% and 91.08% significantly at 3 and 7 hours after race and the plasma LDH was significantly increased 82.72% and 66.29% at 7 and 24 hours after race as compared to pre. Meanwhile, the TGSH of erythrocyte was significantly elevated 202.92%, 185.71%, and 185.50% at 7, 24, and 72 hours post race. The GSSG of erythrocyte was significantly elevated 125.57%, 160.66%, 195.36%, and 115.07% at 3, 7, 72, and 120 hours post race. No significant changes were found the SOD of erythrocyte and the plasma UA, NO, and MDA. Plasma PC was a marker of protein oxidative damage, decreased 56.10%, 48.44%, and 46.01% significantly at 7, 24, and 72 hours post race. Conclusion: A road race may induce endogenous antioxidant production and muscle damage. High intensity exercise induces oxidative stress, but there is no evidence that this affects sports performance in the short term. In this study, we hope that this information may contribute to understand oxidative stress and muscle damages caused by strenuous exercise. The coaches can be inspired to set up the proper training model to promote sports performance. Moreover, this information may also contribute to set up antioxidants supplement or nutrition plans.
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Ou, Chuan-Ching, and 歐川慶. "The Relations of Leisure Benefit, Participation Motivation, and Satisfaction in Taiwan Road Race." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59359214449393171206.
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碩士明道大學
企業高階管理碩士班
104
Marathon has become a sport, coupled with the city in order to improve the visibility can be held in the city increased international exposure International Marathon, and therefore among themselves how to combine the sports and leisure industry in Taiwan road race is more important. In this study, quantitative study to explore Motivation and benefits associated with leisure and satisfaction were analyzed for the road race participants, the number of 478 questionnaires distributed, 90 valid questionnaires, the effective number of 388 questionnaires, the effective response rate was 81.17%. Valid questionnaires were descriptive statistics, the average and standard deviation analysis, reliability analysis, t test, one-way analysis of variance, correlation analysis and product difference meter loop regression analysis. Empirical analysis of this study showed that motivation and participation in recreational benefit and satisfaction, there is a moderate positive correlation between each other, Motivation for satisfaction of having a significant impact on the effectiveness and leisure satisfaction of having a significant impact. In this study, the contribution of road race organizers can provide a reference for enhancing the motivation of personnel involved in the road race and recreational benefits its necessity, and improve advance planning, after the service, for the road race events and leisure industry to enhance efficiency has its impact resistance.
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Amorim, Paulo Miguel Azevedo. "Experimental monitoring of pollutants emissions from road vehicles." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/31341.
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It is well-known the inconstancy that is verified on the obtained laboratorytest
values, which present emission rates that are below the ones that are
verified on the field. In order to achieve more reliable values the use of
the Portable Measurement Emissions System (PEMS) is becoming more
popular among researchers who work on this area. The main objective of this
masters dissertation was to conduct an experimental monitoring of tailpipe
pollutant emissions from different vehicles, with different types of fuels and
routes. It was accomplished by the development of an empirical method
which embraced vehicle data collection regarding its operating conditions
and its consequent emissions. The two main purposes of the development of
this method were to be able to, firstly, observe what were the impacts that
different driving style parameters, such as the acceleration, vehicular jerk or
RPM, along with the Vehicle Specific Power (VSP) and the characteristics of
the route, had on the emission rates of the CO2, NOx and PM; and, secondly,
to be able to analyze the relationship between the VSP and the obtained onroad
emission rates by developing predictive based-modal approach. Two
vehicles were submitted to the tests, being one of them ran by gasoline and
the other by diesel, along four different routes, being two of them performed
on highways, one on a partly urban/rural road and one along urban roads.
Testing vehicles were equipped with a PEMS, a Global Positioning System
(GPS) and an On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) scan device that were used
to collect data about exhaust emissions, location and engine parameters,
respectively. For both vehicles and in the intercity routes, the variance of
the acceleration and the vehicular jerk was significantly high at low and
moderate speeds, namely from 0-20 km/h and from 60-90 km/h, compared
to the remaining ones. It was concluded that the NOx Euro 6 limit was
surpassed in about 44 times and in 66% by the diesel and the gasoline
vehicle, respectively. Results showed that both cars were below the PM
limits defined for their corresponding emission standards. Regarding the
VSP-based prediction model approach and in the case of the diesel vehicle,
high determination coefficients were obtained for the CO2 and for the NOx
(R2 > 0.9) and a moderate coefficient was obtained for the PM (R2 >
0.6). VSP model showed as effective in predicting emissions in the gasoline
vehicle, regardless of the pollutant (R2 > 0.83). Regarding the validation
of the VSP-based prediction model and for the diesel vehicle, the average
VSP predicted values for the CO2, NOx and PM were 8 and 28% higher and
46% lower than the ones measured on the field, respectively. In the case
of the gasoline vehicle and for the same pollutants, these values were 7, 20
and 33% superior to the field ones, respectively. The implementation of an
effective method such as the VSP-based one is useful to estimate emissions
in diesel or gasoline vehicles for all types of driving cycles and it could be
incorporated on national inventories in order to calculate traffic emissions,
for instance.É bem conhecida a inconstância verificada nos valores obtidos em testes de laboratório, que apresentam taxas de emissão que estão abaixo daquelas que são verificadas na recolha de valores de emissões no terreno. De forma a obter valores mais confiáveis a utilização de Sistemas Portáteis de Medição de Emissões (PEMS) está-se a tornar mais popular entre os investigadores que operam nesta área. O principal objetivo desta dissertação de mestrado foi efetuar uma monitorização experimental das emissões de poluentes provenientes de veículos com diferentes combustíveis ao longo de diferentes tipos de vias. Este objetivo foi cumprido através do desenvolvimento de um método empírico que consistiu na recolha de dados no que diz respeito _as condições de operação e _as emissões dos gases de escape dos veículos. Os dois principais objetivos do desenvolvimento deste método foram, em primeiro lugar, observar os impactos que diferentes parâmetros ao nível da condução tais como a aceleração, a primeira derivada da aceleração (jerk), RPM, Potência Específica do Veículo (VSP) e o tipo de via tinham no nível das taxas de emissões de CO2, NOx e PM; e, em segundo lugar, ter a capacidade de analisar a relação entre o VSP e as taxas de emissão obtidas através do desenvolvimento de modelos preditivos. Dois veículos foram submetidos aos testes, operando um deles a gasolina e o outro a gasóleo, ao longo de quatro rotas distintas, sendo duas delas em auto-estrada, uma em zonas parcialmente urbanas/rurais e uma ao longo de vias urbanas. Os veículos de teste foram equipados com um PEMS, um Sistema Global de Posicionamento (GPS) e um Sistema de Diagnóstico a Bordo (OBD) que foram usados para recolher dados acerca das emissões libertadas através do tubo de escape dos veículos, da localização e dos parâmetros relativos ao motor do veículo, respectivamente. Para ambos os veículos e nas rotas inter rurais, a variância da aceleração e do jerk do veículo foi significativamente alta em velocidades baixas e moderadas, nomeadamente dos 0-20 km/h e dos 60-90 km/h, comparativamente _as velocidades restantes. Foi concluído que o limite Euro 6 de NOx foi ultrapassado em cerca de 44 vezes e em 66% para o veículo a diesel e a gasolina, respetivamente. Os resultados indicaram que ambos os veículos se mantiveram abaixo dos limites de emissão de PM definidos. No que diz respeito á aproximação utilizando o modelo de previsão baseado no VSP e para o caso do veículo a gasóleo, foram obtidos coeficientes de determinação elevados para o CO2 e NOx (R2 > 0.9) e um coeficiente moderado para as PM (R2 > 0.6). O modelo VSP provou ser igualmente eficaz na previsão das emissões do veículo a gasolina, independentemente do poluente (R2 > 0.83). No que diz respeito á validação do modelo VSP e no caso do veículo a diesel, os valores de previsão para o CO2, NOx e PM foram 8 e 28% superiores e 46% inferiores aos valores medidos no terreno. No caso do veículo a gasolina e para os mesmos poluentes, os valores foram 7, 20 e 33% superiores aos medidos, respectivamente. A implementação de um método VSP efetivo poderá ser útil no que ao cálculo de emissões para todos os tipos de ciclos de condução diz respeito, podendo ser, por exemplo, incorporado em inventários nacionais.
Mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica
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CHEN, LING-WEI, and 陳翎瑋. "Residents' Perceptions Toward Road Race Event Impact and Attitude -The case of Jiji Town." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66382k.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中正大學
運動競技系運動與休閒教育研究所
105
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the residents' perception and attitudes towards the impact of running events. A total of 486 residents who were teachers or parents of the six schools (Ji-Ji Elementary School, He-Ping Elementary School, Ai-Liao Elementary School, Yu-Ying Elementary School, Fu-Shan Elementary School and Ji-Ji Junior High School) in Jiji town finished the questionnaire. ANOVA and t-test were used to examine the difference of residents’ perception of impacts and attitudes by demographics, and stepwise regression was used to examine the relationship between impacts and attitudes. The results indicated that: As to the impacts of road race events, residents perceived higher positive sociocultural impacts, and lower negative environmental impacts. For the attitude, residents did not pay extra attention to the events, but fairly support hosting road race events in Jiji town. Residents who were students, unmarried, with stable income, and had more interactions with runners tended to perceive higher positive impacts. Residents who were younger, unmarried, higher educated, with non-tourism-related job tended to perceive higher negative impacts. Unmarried residents tended to have more supporting attitudes to the road race events. Resident’s perceptions of the positive economic impact, positive sociocultural impact, positive environmental impact, and negative environmental impact could predict their attitudes to the road race events. Due to the effects of the positive economic, sociocultural, and environmental impacts on the attitude, future road race event organizers could work with local residents and government to increase the residents’ support by combining some sociocultural characteristics to the event or hosting some exhibitions or festivals to promote tourism and local economy.
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LIN, YAN-ZHU, and 林彥竹. "Design and Application of Cyber Physical System – A Case Study of Road Cycling Race." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ck888a.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立虎尾科技大學
自動化工程系碩士班
106
In recent years, people pay more attention to leisure sports. Cycling is a very popular sport. The road cycling team time trial(TTT) is one of the events in international sports competitions. Road cycling performance is dependent on race tactics and pacing strategy. To minimize the overall time that a team of cyclists needs to complete a race is an interesting real-world problem. With the progress of technology, mobile computing has far-reaching impacts the object in which they are embedded and provide it with information processing and communication capabilities. It promises to monitor the fatigue of the cyclist and to improve power efficiency. In this research, a road cycling race suggestion system is presented. The proposed hierarchical framework is designed based on the Cyber Physical System, which includes physical level and virtual level. In the physical level, heart rate sensors and electromyogram(EMG) sensors are deployed in an embedded system, which transforms sensor data into fatigue index. In the virtual level, the main computer is employed to monitor the status of the physical layer and generates an optimal pacing strategy. Using an agent-based approach, each rider is represented as an agent and communicates with the system on the agent platform. An optimization race tactics is generated based on rider’s real time physiological status, then cyclists have to change their position within the team during the race in order to minimize the overall time. The purpose of this study is to explore how to construct and plan the whole system of road cycling race based on the Cyber Physical System. The feasibility of the designed system is presented by the simulation analysis. The experimental results show that the optimal heuristics lead to better strategies than state-of-art strategies that are currently used by teams of cyclists.
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Ariza, Alexander. "Validation of Road Safety Surrogate Measures as a Predictor of Crash Frequency Rates on a Large-scale Microsimulation Network." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/30160.
Full textAbstract:
A study was done to explore the suitability of intersection and arterial collision prediction models based on traffic conflicts, generated using the Paramics microsimulation suite and the Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM). A linear regression model and a generalized linear model with a negative binomial error structure were explored to correlate conflicts to crash rates, as well as the conflict-based models suggested by SSAM. The model predictions were compared to volume-based predictions and historical data from Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The volume- based predictions were calculated using a negative binomial generalized linear model, fitted to the same arterial and intersection sets used to fit the conflict-based models. The results show the predictions generated by a conflict-based model were comparable for intersections, but poor for arterials.
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Shieh, Horng-Jer, and 謝弘哲. "Electromyographic Analysis of Lower Extremity for Road Bike Training Under Different Pedaling Rates and Bike Frames Setting." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5r2575.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立嘉義大學
體育與健康休閒學系研究所
106
The aim of this study is to compare the lower extremity EMG changes in different pedaling rates and frame settings of road bike at fixed training platform, and then explore the best pedaling rate. Five recreational road bike riders were recruited in this study. Four pedaling rates 60, 70, 80, and 90 rpm, with the three frames setting (top tube length 530, 560, and 590 mm) were counterbalanced. Surface EMG signals of rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), gluteus maximus (GMax), tibialis anterior (TA), gastrocnemius medialis (GM), gastrocnemius lateralis (GL), soleus (SOL) muscles, and the knee joint angle during the pedaling cycle were measured. Repeated measures two-way ANOVA was applied to analyze the lower extremity EMG under the twelve experimental designs. By the two-stage analysis of the lifting section and the stepping section, the statistical analysis results showed that under the α=0.05 significant level, (1) the two-factor interaction between the frame setting and the pedaling frequency, (2) the main effects of the pedaling frequency factor, and (3) The main effect of the frame setting factor could not be confirmed by this research experiment. In the comparison of frame settings, muscle activation in BF and TA at 530 mm was significantly lower than the frame 560 mm during the lifting section. The short frame length of the upper tube reduced the muscle activation during the lifting section, resulting in better riding efficiency. In the paired comparisons of pedaling rates, when the muscle activation of TA for the pedaling rate of 70 rpm was significantly lower than the pedaling rate of 100 rpm. The low pedaling rate can reduce the activation of the TA muscle at the stepping stage, In conclusion, for recreational road bike riders in present study, a shorter frame setting at 530mm and a lower pedaling rate at 70 rpm are the most appropriate combination. Keyword: Cycling Sport、Bike Fitting、EMG
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MEEI-HWA, LIN, and 林美華. "A Project Management Study of Marathon ~the case of〝Really Want A home〞Charity Road Race~." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/u8wwyc.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄應用科技大學
高階經營管理研究所碩士在職專班
103
An activity wants to do high-quality、outstanding，not only a single organization and the elements created,but also to develop a unique management model.In this study, the case of〝Really want a home〞charity road race.The project Management Association (2004) proposed project management of the five processes and nine knowledge areas .Starting from the five processes induding planning,implementation,monitoring,case closing and integrated management of nine knowledge management,The areas were the management,time management,cost management,quality management,human resources management,communication management, risk management and procurement management. We used the literatur analysis and project Management to explore for〝Really want a home〞charity road race. Marathon project management model includes five procedures of beginning, planning, excuting, monitoring, and case closing. By integrating the nine knowledge areas of project management, introducing systematic management, giving proper evaluation and making up improvement plan, the case may clearly realize its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and the solution adapted to the problem while facing the changing environment and organization; moreover, it allows the organization to develop and make progress.