Dissertations / Theses: 'Road and Rail Transportation'

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Yu, Ka-yi Carrie. "Hong Kong's environmentally sustainable transport : rail-based or road-based? /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23425982.

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Stagnolia, Steed Kenlee. "Risk Assessment for Hazardous Materials Incident, Washington County, Tennessee: Road Transportation, Rail Transportation, and Hazardous Materials Storage." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2125.

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This study was conducted to provide a quantitative risk assessment for road transportation, railway transportation, and storage of hazardous materials in Washington County, Tennessee. A roadside survey, railroad hazardous materials survey, and a chemical inventory were conducted. It revealed an estimated 267,858 HAZMAT shipments per year on primary and secondary roadways and an estimated total of 9.4 x 109 tons of HAZMAT shipped by rail per year. There are 49 facilities that store a daily average of 33,722,700 lbs of HAZMAT. The risk of a hazardous materials incident occurring in Washington County is highest for Interstate transportation. The risk for a HAZMAT incident within the county is lower or equal to similar locations in the United States for other roadways surveyed, rail transportation, and fixed storage. Low risk does not mean there is no risk. In order to be prepared for a future incident planning, training, and research should continue.

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Yu, Ka-yi Carrie, and 俞嘉儀. "Hong Kong's environmentally sustainable transport: rail-based or road-based?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31260688.

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Levin, Isabella. "All Roads Lead to the Fair: How a 2022 Los Angeles World's Fair Would Accelerate the Implementation of Sustainable and Innovative Forms of Transportation." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/943.

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This thesis explores the potential impact of a World’s Fair on urban mobility in Los Angeles County by 2022. A brief historical account of World’s Fairs, and their impact on technological innovations in transportation will be given in conjunction with the development of transportation in Los Angeles. These accounts will help to contextualize an analysis of current plans to provide Los Angeles with transportation solutions, in light of the oversaturated automobile landscape in place today. Specifically, my research has revealed that the further development of light-speed rail systems paired alongside a mass adoption of autonomous vehicles would both alleviate contemporary transportation issues across Los Angeles County and accommodate the audience of international spectators that future mega-events may attract. Particular attention is paid to the Los Angeles World’s Fair for its ability to galvanize the resources and support that these transportation innovations require. I therefore conclude that the Los Angeles World Fair should direct its focus principally in support of these aforementioned technologies, as opposed to other less feasible transportations solutions such as the Hyperloop.

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Skopalová, Lenka. "Road Transportation of Fuel." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76419.

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The thesis is concerned with road transportation of fuel. In theoretical part there are described the legal clauses that are related to this issue. The most detailed regulations can be found in the European Agreement on the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (so called Agreement ADR). Hence the biggest part of the theoretical section is devoted to these regulations. Instructions for transportation of diesel and petrol have been chosen from this international agreement and explained. Practical part deals with particular carrier of fuel - company Petrotrans s.r.o. Standard of service is compared according to several different customers, established demands on safety of fuel transportation are decribed and security of consumption tax in international fuel transportation is analysed.

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Zhang, Xiaoning. "Optimal road pricing in transportation networks /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202003%20ZHANG.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 230-240). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.

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Al-Tony, Fathy El-Sayed. "The marginal social cost of road and rail: Implications for rail investment and pricing." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3862.

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An important issue for transport policy is whether more investment should be devoted to rail schemes and less to road schemes and vice versa. This raises the problem of comparing the returns from investments in the two modes currently assessed on a different basis - road schemes are appraised on a Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) basis, whereas rail schemes are assessed on a Financial Analysis (FA). This study is a step in the direction of identifying the difference between the two techniques (CBA and FA) of appraisal in general and in case of rail investment in particular, and examining the implications of the use of the two different techniques in assessing the investment in road and rail. In addition, the study develops a methodology for assessing rail investment schemes that could be consistent with the cost benefit analysis being used in assessing road investment projects. The differences between CBA and FA are identified. The current practice of assessing road and rail investment schemes is examined and the weaknesses are outlined. The potential implications of assessing road and rail investment on different criteria are explored. Previous rail investment studies where both CBA and FA were undertaken are reviewed and discussed to explore how the task of CBA were carried out to rail schemes and to show the difference with the current study approach. The study framework of rail scheme appraisal is identified to include four elements of impacts. These are; financial impacts to the rail operator (producer surplus), rail user benefits (consumer surplus), non-user benefits, and other impacts on other bodies in the society (tax adjustments). Non-user benefits concerned by the study are road congestion time, noise, air pollution, accidents, and vehicle operating costs. Road congestion time, noise and air pollution are identified as externalities, while accidents and vehicle operating costs are dealt with as cases of cost misperception. The five items of non-user benefits are measured at the margin in a process to identify the Marginal Social Cost (MSC) of travel as a function of the road type alternative. Eight types of road are identified for the study to represent the entire UK road network. The measurement process of non-user benefits incorporates the variation in traffic over time and place. This is carried out by incorporating four traffic distributions in the calculation process. The distributions of traffic reflect traffic variations from hour to another (24 hours) throughout the day, from day to another (7 days) throughout the week, from month to another (12 months) throughout the year and from location to another throughout the UK entire road network. The implications of the study findings are explored. Three undesirable implications are identified. These are welfare losses to the society, lower share for rail travel, and investment bias towards roads. Three policy options are put as a solution. These are, pricing road and rail services according to the MSC, subsidising public transport, and applying a consistent appraisal method for road and rail investment. The contribution of these options towards achieving a sustainable balance between road and rail as well as their applicability in practice are examined. At the end some improvements and attached areas of further research are suggested.

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Al-Tony, Fa. "The marginal social cost of road and rail : implications for rail investment and pricing." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1995. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/3862.

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An important issue for transport policy is whether more investment should be devoted to rail schemes and less to road schemes and vice versa. This raises the problem of comparing the returns from investments in the two modes currently assessed on a different basis - road schemes are appraised on a Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) basis, whereas rail schemes are assessed on a Financial Analysis (FA). This study is a step in the direction of identifying the difference between the two techniques (CBA and FA) of appraisal in general and in case of rail investment in particular, and examining the implications of the use of the two different techniques in assessing the investment in road and rail. In addition, the study develops a methodology for assessing rail investment schemes that could be consistent with the cost benefit analysis being used in assessing road investment projects. The differences between CBA and FA are identified. The current practice of assessing road and rail investment schemes is examined and the weaknesses are outlined. The potential implications of assessing road and rail investment on different criteria are explored. Previous rail investment studies where both CBA and FA were undertaken are reviewed and discussed to explore how the task of CBA were carried out to rail schemes and to show the difference with the current study approach. The study framework of rail scheme appraisal is identified to include four elements of impacts. These are; financial impacts to the rail operator (producer surplus), rail user benefits (consumer surplus), non-user benefits, and other impacts on other bodies in the society (tax adjustments). Non-user benefits concerned by the study are road congestion time, noise, air pollution, accidents, and vehicle operating costs. Road congestion time, noise and air pollution are identified as externalities, while accidents and vehicle operating costs are dealt with as cases of cost misperception. The five items of non-user benefits are measured at the margin in a process to identify the Marginal Social Cost (MSC) of travel as a function of the road type alternative. Eight types of road are identified for the study to represent the entire UK road network. The measurement process of non-user benefits incorporates the variation in traffic over time and place. This is carried out by incorporating four traffic distributions in the calculation process. The distributions of traffic reflect traffic variations from hour to another (24 hours) throughout the day, from day to another (7 days) throughout the week, from month to another (12 months) throughout the year and from location to another throughout the UK entire road network. The implications of the study findings are explored. Three undesirable implications are identified. These are welfare losses to the society, lower share for rail travel, and investment bias towards roads. Three policy options are put as a solution. These are, pricing road and rail services according to the MSC, subsidising public transport, and applying a consistent appraisal method for road and rail investment. The contribution of these options towards achieving a sustainable balance between road and rail as well as their applicability in practice are examined. At the end some improvements and attached areas of further research are suggested.

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9

Berger, Karin, and Emmanouil Garyfalakis. "Environmental Impact Assessment of road transportation : Analysis to measure environmental impacts of road transportation basedon a company case." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-19035.

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Activities, conducted in the logistics sector, contribute to pollute the world. Especially, road transportation contaminates the environment with the release of exhaust emissions. Transport volumes as well as the proportion of the road sector are constantly rising, which intensifies its environmental impacts. In order to determine the main culprits of pollution, Environmental Impact Analysis (EIA) are used. These concepts are mostly ambiguous, fuzzy and hard to present in a comprehensive way. The main purpose of the present thesis is to develop an analysis in order to investigate the environmental impacts of road transportation along a certain supply chain. An academic resource was used as database, in order to develop and test an exhauste mission calculation in cooperation with a case company. Besides CO2, this assessment also focuses on the measurement of other exhauste missions like Nox, PM or CO. Furthermore, economic factors like, costs caused per transport are calculated. Aspects, like capacity utilization, the use of environmentally friendly tires or eco-friendly driving styles, are included in the analysis. These factors influence fuel consumption and thus the final production of exhaust emissions. A detailed description of each factor and calculation step is illustrated in this thesis. Due to a high complexity of transportation, this analysis is limited to road transportation. The fundament of the analysis builds the categorization of crafts due to the Euro standards. Hence, just transports conducted with crafts, manufactured within the European Union, can be evaluated. A validation test and in-depth interviews were conducted in order to approve the practicability of the developed assessment. During this process, strengths and weaknesses of the analysis were identified. Finally, the analysis is critically examined by showing its application constraints as well as prospective development opportunities. An enlargement, to include other transport modes, material handling activities in order to measure impacts during intermodal transportation along a whole transportation chain, is a prospect outlook.

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Chau, Wing-cheuk. "A study on the sufficiency of the Light Rail Transit as a feeder to the West Rail in Tuen Mun." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39707519.

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11

Feng, Yazhe. "Distribution Planning for Rail and Truck Freight Transportation Systems." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77140.

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Rail and truck freight transportation systems provide vital logistics services today. Rail systems are generally used to transport heavy and bulky commodities over long distances, while trucks tend to provide fast and flexible service for small and high-value products. In this dissertation, we study two different distribution planning problems that arise in rail and truck transportation systems. In the railroad industry, shipments are often grouped together to form a block to reduce the impact of reclassification at train yards. We consider the time and capacity constrained routing (TCCR) problem, which assigns shipments to blocks and train-runs to minimize overall transportation costs, while considering the train capacities and shipment due dates. Two mathematical formulations are developed, including an arc-based formulation and a path-based formulation. To solve the problem efficiently, two solution approaches are proposed. The sequential algorithm assigns shipments in order of priority while considering the remaining train capacities and due dates. The bump-shipment algorithm initially schedules shipments simultaneously and then reschedules the shipments that exceed the train capacity. The algorithms are evaluated using a data set from a major U.S. railroad with approximately 500,000 shipments. Industry-sized problems are solved within a few minutes of computational time by both the sequential and bump-shipment algorithms, and transportation costs are reduced by 6% compared to the currently used trip plans. For truck transportation systems, trailer fleet planning (TFP) is an important issue to improve services and reduce costs. In this problem, we consider the quantities and types of trailers to purchase, rent, or relocate among depots to meet time varying demands. Mixed-integer programming models are developed for both homogeneous and heterogeneous TFP problems. The objective is to minimize the total fleet investment costs and the distribution costs across multiple depots and multiple time periods. For homogeneous TFP problem, a two-phase solution approach is proposed. Phase I concentrates on distribution costs and determines the suggested fleet size. A sweep-based routing heuristic is applied to generate candidate routes of good quality. Then a reduced mathematical model selects routes for meeting customer demands and determines the preferred fleet size. Phase II provides trailer purchase, relocation, and rental decisions based on the results of Phase I and relevant cost information. This decomposition approach removes the interactions between depots and periods, which greatly reduces the complexity of the integrated optimization model. For the heterogeneous TFP problem, trailers with different capacities, costs, and features are considered. The two-phase approach, developed for the homogeneous TFP, is modified. A rolling horizon scheme is applied in Phase I to consider the trailer allocations in previous periods when determining the fleet composition for the current period. Additionally, the sweep-based routing heuristic is also extended to capture the characteristics of continuous delivery practice where trailers are allowed to refill products at satellite facilities. This heuristic generates routes for each trailer type so that the customer-trailer restrictions are accommodated. The numerical studies, conducted using a data set with three depots and more than 400 customers, demonstrate the effectiveness of the two-phase approaches. Compared to the integrated optimization models, the two-phase approaches obtain quality solutions within a reasonable computational time and demonstrate robust performance as the problem sizes increase. Based on these results, a leading industrial gas provider is currently integrating the proposed solution approaches as part of their worldwide distribution planning software.
Ph. D.

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12

Björnström, Viktor. "Redesigning a Locking System for a Rail Road Dumper." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-69694.

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This report describes a master thesis in Industrial Design Engineering performed at Kiruna Wagon towards Luleå University of Technology in the spring of 2018. The task of the project is to develop a new locking mechanism to the doors of one of Kiruna Wagons planned product releases, the Side Dumper. To find the ideal solution, an iterative and prototype focused design process is used, which is split up into four main phases. Initially, an immersion into the context of the project is performed, followed by a literature study upon which the theoretical fundament of the project is set. A design specification is stated, which functions as support for design and evaluation during the whole project. In the ideate phase, existing forces of the unloading station was used as a base for ideation. A large bank of ideas was created, which continuously was diverged and converged by many iteration cycles of designing, evaluation and learning. When five concepts had been developed, their functions needed to be verified in the develop phase, where several challenges arose. These were coped with, mainly through calculations, prototyping and by resetting concepts into solution principles. At last, in the deliver phase two remaining solutions, solution B and solution C, were verified through calculations, CAD-modeling and by a scale-wise functional prototype in steel. The prototype was tested, evaluated and finally delivered to Kiruna Wagon. The report ends with discussion and conclusions about method, process and results, and describes necessary further work for an implementation of the solution.
I denna rapport beskrivs ett examensarbete inom teknisk design som utförts på Kiruna Wagon mot Luleå Tekniska Universitet under våren 2018. Projektet gick ut på att utveckla en ny låsningsmekanism till dörrarna till en av Kiruna Wagons kommande produkter som kallas för Side Dumper. För att hitta den ideala lösningen användes en iterativ och prototypfokuserad designprocess, som delas upp i fyra huvudfaser. Initialt genomfördes en fördjupning i kontexten som rör projektet, följt av en litteraturstudie där den teoretiska grunden för projektet fastställs. En designspecifikation fastslås som fungerar som stöd för design och utvärdering under hela projektet. I ideate-fasen utnyttjades befintliga krafter på lossningsstationen som en bas för idéarbetet. En stor idébank skapades, som kontinuerligt divergerades och konvergerades genom många iterationscykler av design, utvärdering och lärande. När fem koncept hade utvecklats, behövde deras funktioner verifieras. Detta genomfördes i develop-fasen, där flera utmaningar uppstod. Utmaningarna hanterades huvudsakligen genom beräkningar, prototyper och genom att återställa koncept till lösningsprinciper. Slutligen verifierades två återstående lösningar, lösning B och lösning C, i deliver-fasen genom beräkningar, CAD-modellering och en genom att tillverka en skalenlig funktionell prototyp i stål. Prototypen testades och utvärderades för att slutligen kunna levereras till Kiruna Wagon. Rapporten avslutas med att diskutera och ge slutsatser kring metodval, process och resultat, och beskriver fortsatt arbete för att kunna implementera produkten i framtiden.

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Lee, Kwok-hing. "Analysing the impact on modal choice and modal co-ordination of a new rail line : a case study of Ma On Shan Rail /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25248212.

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Leung, Hok-man Josephine. "[Art] on transit : transportation interchange at Middle Road, TST /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25948489.

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Cashman, Rosemary. "The marketing of public transportation case study : commuter rail at the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/72257.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1987.
Title as it appears in M.I.T. Graduate List, Sept. 1987: The marketing of public transportation, a case study: commuter rail at the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority.
Bibliography: leaves 55-56.
by Rosemary Cashman.
M.C.P.

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Fischhaber, Pamela Marie. "Development of light rail crossing specific crash prediction models." Thesis, University of Colorado at Denver, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3621825.

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Existing railroad crossing crash prediction and hazard index equations are analyzed and found to inadequately measure safety at light rail crossings. The operational characteristics of common carrier freight and commuter railroads are different enough from the operational characteristics of light rail to affect the ability of existing railroad equations to accurately predict the number of crashes that occur at light rail crossings. These operational differences require light rail specific crash prediction equations to better predict crash numbers at light rail crossings. The goal of this research is to develop a method to measure safety at light rail crossings.

Through review of the literature describing different statistical methodologies that have been used to develop railroad crossing crash prediction and hazard index equations, the use of a nonlinear regression method to predict initial crash values with an Empirical Bayes Method adjustment to account for the actual crash history at the light crossing is determined to be the optimum model development method.

Operational alignment and configuration of light rail crossings are analyzed, and each is found to have some effect on the prediction of the number of crashes that occur at light rail crossings in addition to light rail vehicle volume, motor vehicle volume, sight obstructions, presence of a residential area near the light rail crossing, and the number of motor vehicle lanes crossing the crossing. Statistically valid models are developed to predict crashes based on light rail crossing alignment type, configuration type, and method of crossing control including traffic signals, flashing lights with gates, and passive signing. Sufficient data to develop a prediction equation for flashing light control is not available for this study.

The use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) models is determined to be a benefit in use of application of the light rail specific crash number prediction equations. GIS models can be used not only to predict the number of crashes expected to occur at a light rail crossing, but also can be used to identify and analyze light rail crossing crash trends.

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Jenkins, Kyle RL. "The Effect of Heavy and Light Rail Transportation Systems on Car Ownership." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/600.

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Rates of car ownership in the United States exceed that of all other large nations in the world. This high rate contributes to the unexpressed demand for road space that renders highway expansion useless as a strategy for decreasing traffic congestion. It also necessitates the provision of on-site parking in residential buildings, decreasing the affordability of housing in urban areas. Furthermore, the curb-side parking needed to make room for the high number of cars in the country takes away space that could be used for bike lanes, transit lanes, or widened sidewalks. Therefore, the United States could benefit from a reduction in rates of household car ownership. In this paper, I use cross-sectional data from the National Highway Transportation Survey to determine the impact on heavy and light rail on car ownership in American cities. I find that the presence of heavy rail is associated with a lower rate of car ownership, while the presence of light rail is not.

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Bonsra, Kunal (Kunal Baldev), and Joseph Harbolovic. "Estimation of run times in a freight rail transportation network." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77458.

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Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 49-51).
The objective of this thesis is to improve the accuracy of individual freight train run time predictions defined as the time between departure from an origin node to arrival at a destination node not including yard time. A correlation analysis is conducted to identify explanatory variables that capture predictable sources of delay and influence run times for use in a regression model. A regression model is proposed utilizing the following explanatory variables: rolling historical average, congestion window, meets, passes, overtakes, direction, arrival headway, and departure headway to predict train run times. The performance of the proposed regression model is compared against a baseline simple historical averaging technique for a two year period of actual train operational data. The proposed regression model, though subject to specific limitations, offers substantial improvements in accuracy over the baseline technique and is recommended as justifying further exploration by the railroad to ultimately enable more accurate train schedules with subsequent improvements in railroad capacity, customer service, and asset utilization.
by Kunal Bonsra and Joseph Harbolovic.
M.Eng.in Logistics

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Stenbeck, Torbjörn. "Incentives to innovations in road and rail maintenance and operations." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Infrastructure, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-335.

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Worried voices in the Swedish road maintenance and operations industry claim that innovations and technical development has ceased in the last decades. One hypothesis is that it is an effect of the public tendering reform introduced in 1992. Since 2001, the Swedish railroad industry has also introduced public tendering and awarded contracts to private contractors. This study examines the validity of these claims by analyzing the incentives to innovation in the past and at present. The analysis is concluded by proposals how the innovative climate can be improved between the road and rail administrations and their contractors.

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Parajuli, Ashis. "Modelling road and rail freight energy consumption: A comparative study." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16193/.

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After reviewing land based freight growth trends nationally and internationally, this thesis discusses the main parameters governing fuel consumption, as well as past approaches in modelling road and rail energy consumption. Past work on comparing these two main modes is also reviewed here. The review included ways of estimating energy consumption of a complete freight task i.e., from origin to destination. Mathematical models estimating modal energy consumption are presented in this thesis. Modal energy consumption is a complex function to be approximated in practice due to numerous variables affecting their outcome. Energy demands are particularly sensitive to changes in vehicle characteristics such as mass and size; route parameters such as grade and curvature; traffic conditions such as level of congestion; and less sensitive to ambient conditions, such as temperature and altitude. There is a large set of energy estimation models available to transportation planners. Unfortunately, unless simple relationships are established for energy estimation and modal comparison, their application in freight movement planning and corridor development becomes computationally prohibitive. This thesis describes the development of a modal freight energy comparison tool to quantify the energy advantage from mode choice, corridor development and vehicle types and loading improvements. The thesis also describes the used modelling processes and the trade-offs between model complexity and data quality. The tool developed in this thesis is based on well established relationships between energy consumption and traffic flow, route and vehicle operating characteristics for road freight movement. The rail freight component was developed from equations of motion together with parameters obtained from past studies. The relationships have been enhanced to fit the purpose of corridor level comparative analysis. The comparison tool has been implemented using a spreadsheet based approach developed specifically to calculate the total door to door energy consumption for given task options. A series of linked sheets enable the user to: specify all necessary inputs; estimate road and rail energy by trip segment. The outputs consist of trip segment energy demand and total energy efficiency of each option. A case study approach, for aiding in model development and testing, is presented. Toowoomba second range crossing in Southern Queensland, Australia (section between below Postman's Ridge and Gowrie Junction) was selected. Four options considered include existing and proposed road and rail corridors. The existing rail and road corridors could be taken as a typical poor case, with very high grades and sharp curvatures. The proposed new road section has a relaxed curvature and gradient. The section of proposed rail corridor, under consideration here, still contains a high grade section. However, the proposed track length is considerably shorter than the base-case. The new proposed train alignment was found as the most efficient mode and the existing trains as the least efficient mode when measured based on absolute expected fuel gain (litres/tonnage of freight moved). This could be attributed to the improvement in curvature and load carrying capacity. However, when the options are compared in terms of litres/1000 NTK, the new train option did not show a significant advantage. Furthermore, the developed model was applied on some simulated cases to test the functionality of other aspects of the model. The total door-to-door energy consumption and the efficiency were compared for all the simulated cases. It showed that the energy efficiency of scenarios varies exponentially with the variation in the ratio of road pickup and delivery legs to the rail line-haul length. In general, energy efficiency of the intermodal options was found to be better unless the best case of the road and the worst case of intermodal option was compared. The modelling approaches presented in the thesis and the comparison model developed in this study could be used for several purposes namely: to assess the energy (and hence greenhouse gas) implications of specific modal freight movements; to aid in the economic and environmental evaluation of transport options; and to assess the potential for energy efficiency gains from vehicle and infrastructure improvements. A number of suggested improvements to the model are also discussed.

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Tsui, Wing-shuen, and 徐詠璇. "The competition between rail and road on cross-boundary traffic." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30114111.

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Lam, Ka-ho, and 林嘉濠. "Making rail and road traffic more complementary in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31255541.

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Singh, Archit. "Electric Road Systems : A feasibility study investigating a possible future of road transportation." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-194242.

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The transportation sector is a vital part of today’s society and accounts for 20 % of our global total energy consumption. It is also one of the most greenhouse gas emission intensive sectors as almost 95 % of its energy originates from petroleum-based fuels. Due to the possible harmful nature of greenhouse gases, there is a need for a transition to more sustainable transportation alternatives. A possible alternative to the conventional petroleum-based road transportation is implementation of Electric Road Systems (ERS) in combination with electric vehicles (EVs). ERS are systems that enable dynamic power transfer to the EV's from the roads they are driving on. Consequently, by utilizing ERS in combination with EVs, both the cost and weight of the EV-batteries can be kept to a minimum and the requirement for stops for recharging can also be eliminated. This system further enables heavy vehicles to utilize battery solutions. There are currently in principal three proven ERS technologies, namely, conductive power transfer through overhead lines, conductive power transfer from rails in the road and inductive power transfer through the road. The aim of this report is to evaluate and compare the potential of a full-scale implementation of these ERS technologies on a global and local (Sweden) level from predominantly, an economic and environmental perspective. Furthermore, the thesis also aims to explore how an expansion of ERS might look like until the year 2050 in Sweden using different scenarios. To answer these questions two main models (global and Swedish perspective) with accompanying submodels were produced in Excel. The findings show that not all countries are viable for ERS from an economic standpoint, however, a large number of countries in the world do have good prospects for ERS implementation. Findings further indicated that small and/or developed countries are best suited for ERS implementation. From an economic and environmental perspective the conductive road was found to be the most attractive ERS technology followed by overhead conductive and inductive road ERS technologies. The expansion model developed demonstrates that a fast expansion and implementation of an ERS-based transportation sector is the best approach from an economical perspective where the conductive road technology results in largest cost savings until 2050.
Transportsektorn är en viktig del av dagens samhälle och står för 20% av den totala globala energiförbrukningen. Det är också en av de sektorer med mest växthusgasutsläpp, där nästan 95% av energin härstammar från petroleumbaserade bränslen. På grund av växthusgasers potentiellt skadliga karaktär finns det ett behov för en övergång till mer hållbara transportmedel. En möjlig alternativ till den konventionella petroleumbaserade vägtransporten är implementering av elektriska vägsystem (ERS) i kombination med elfordon. Elektriska vägsystem är system som möjliggör dynamisk kraftöverföring till fordon från vägarna de kör på. Sålunda kan man genom att använda ERS i kombination med elbilar, minimera både kostnaden och vikten av batterierna samt även minska eller eliminera antalet stopp för omladdningar. Dessutom möjliggör detta system att även tunga fordon kan använda sig av batterilösningar. Det finns för närvarande i princip tre beprövade ERS-tekniker, nämligen konduktiv kraftöverföring genom luftledningar, konduktiv kraftöverföring från räls i vägen och induktiv kraftöverföring genom vägen. Syftet med denna rapport är att utvärdera och jämföra potentialen för en fullskalig implementering av dessa ERS-teknik på en global och lokal (Sverige) nivå från, framförallt, ett ekonomiskt- och ekologiskt perspektiv. Rapporten syftar också till att undersöka, med hjälp av olika scenarier, hur en utbyggnad av ERS i Sverige skulle kunna se ut fram till år 2050. För att besvara dessa frågor producerades två huvudmodeller (global och lokal perspektiv) med kompletterande undermodeller i Excel. De erhållna resultaten visar att ERS inte är lönsamt ur ett ekonomisk perspektiv i precis alla de undersökta länder, dock har ett stort antal länder i världen visat sig ha goda förutsättningar för ERS. Vidare visar resultaten att små och/eller utvecklade länder är bäst lämpade för ERS. Ur ett ekonomiskt- och ekologiskt perspektiv har konduktiv kraftöverföring från räls i väg tekniken visat sig vara den mest attraktiva, följt av konduktiv kraftöverföring genom luftledningar och induktiv kraftöverföring genom väg teknikerna. Expansionsmodellen som utvecklats visar att en snabb expansion och implementation av en ERS-baserad vägtransportsektor är det bästa alternativet, där tekniken för konduktiv kraftöverföring från räls i väg ger de största kostnadsbesparingar fram till 2050.

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24

SINGH, Archit. "Electric Road Systems: A feasibility study investigating a possible future of road transportation." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-196514.

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The transportation sector is a vital part of today’s society and accounts for 20 % of our global total energy consumption. It is also one of the most greenhouse gas emission intensive sectors as almost 95 % of its energy originates from petroleum-based fuels. Due to the possible harmful nature of greenhouse gases, there is a need for a transition to more sustainable transportation alternatives. A possible alternative to the conventional petroleum-based road transportation is implementation of Electric Road Systems (ERS) in combination with electric vehicles (EVs). ERS are systems that enable dynamic power transfer to the EV's from the roads they are driving on. Consequently, by utilizing ERS in combination with EVs, both the cost and weight of the EV-batteries can be kept to a minimum and the requirement for stops for recharging can also be eliminated. This system further enables heavy vehicles to utilize battery solutions. There are currently in principal three proven ERS technologies, namely, conductive power transfer through overhead lines, conductive power transfer from rails in the road and inductive power transfer through the road. The aim of this report is to evaluate and compare the potential of a full-scale implementation of these ERS technologies on a global and local (Sweden) level from predominantly, an economic and environmental perspective. Furthermore, the thesis also aims to explore how an expansion of ERS might look like until the year 2050 in Sweden using different scenarios. To answer these questions two main models (global and Swedish perspective) with accompanying submodels were produced in Excel. The findings show that not all countries are viable for ERS from an economic standpoint, however, a large number of countries in the world do have good prospects for ERS implementation. Findings further indicated that small and/or developed countries are best suited for ERS implementation. From an economic and environmental perspective the conductive road was found to be the most attractive ERS technology followed by overhead conductive and inductive road ERS technologies. The expansion model developed demonstrates that a fast expansion and implementation of an ERS-based transportation sector is the best approach from an economical perspective where the conductive road technology results in largest cost savings until 2050.
Transportsektorn är en viktig del av dagens samhälle och står för 20% av den totala globala energiförbrukningen. Det är också en av de sektorer med mest växthusgasutsläpp, där nästan 95% av energin härstammar från petroleumbaserade bränslen. På grund av växthusgasers potentiellt skadliga karaktär finns det ett behov för en övergång till mer hållbara transportmedel. En möjlig alternativ till den konventionella petroleumbaserade vägtransporten är implementering av elektriska vägsystem (ERS) i kombination med elfordon. Elektriska vägsystem är system som möjliggör dynamisk kraftöverföring till fordon från vägarna de kör på. Sålunda kan man genom att använda ERS i kombination med elbilar, minimera både kostnaden och vikten av batterierna samt även minska eller eliminera antalet stopp för omladdningar. Dessutom möjliggör detta system att även tunga fordon kan använda sig av batterilösningar. Det finns för närvarande i princip tre beprövade ERS-tekniker, nämligen konduktiv kraftöverföring genom luftledningar, konduktiv kraftöverföring från räls i vägen och induktiv kraftöverföring genom vägen. Syftet med denna rapport är att utvärdera och jämföra potentialen för en fullskalig implementering av dessa ERS-teknik på en global och lokal (Sverige) nivå från, framförallt, ett ekonomiskt- och ekologiskt perspektiv. Rapporten syftar också till att undersöka, med hjälp av olika scenarier, hur en utbyggnad av ERS i Sverige skulle kunna se ut fram till år 2050. För att besvara dessa frågor producerades två huvudmodeller (global och lokal perspektiv) med kompletterande undermodeller i Excel. De erhållna resultaten visar att ERS inte är lönsamt ur ett ekonomisk perspektiv i precis alla de undersökta länder, dock har ett stort antal länder i världen visat sig ha goda förutsättningar för ERS. Vidare visar resultaten att små och/eller utvecklade länder är bäst lämpade för ERS. Ur ett ekonomiskt- och ekologiskt perspektiv har konduktiv kraftöverföring från räls i väg tekniken visat sig vara den mest attraktiva, följt av konduktiv kraftöverföring genom luftledningar och induktiv kraftöverföring genom väg teknikerna. Expansionsmodellen som utvecklats visar att en snabb expansion och implementation av en ERS-baserad vägtransportsektor är det bästa alternativet, där tekniken för konduktiv kraftöverföring från räls i väg ger de största kostnadsbesparingar fram till 2050.

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25

Möller, Clemens. "Carbon Neutral Road Transportation : An Assessment of the Potential of Electrified Road Systems." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-211094.

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Sweden is striving towards a carbon neutral transportation sector by2030 which includes reductions from CO2 emissions by 70%. This thesis focusses especially on the decarbonization of road freight transportation. Even though electrification of vehicles is seen as one of the available options to reach this goal, present battery technology does not meet requirementsof energy density and cost. The electrification of roads with electrified road systems (ERS) enables vehicles to charge electrical energy while in motion and has the potential toreduce weight and costs of on-board batteries for electric vehicles and avoids range anxiety of vehicle operators. Within this Master’s thesis, available ERSs are assessed and it is shown which of the available systems performs best in selected categories. Furthermore, alterantive options for large CO2 emission reductions in the roadtransportation sector are evaluated and it is shown that ERSs constitute the most promising alternative. Results of this dissertation are based on a qualitative research approachand limited to data availability.

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26

PINHEIRO, SAULO BORGES. "CONTAINERS ROAD TRANSPORTATION OPTIMIZATION: EXACT AND HEURISTICS METHODS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=34991@1.

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Apesar da dimensão continental brasileira, da grandeza de sua costa e da proximidade entre o litoral e os grandes centros urbanos, o transporte de cargas em contêineres utilizando a cabotagem ainda é muito restrito no Brasil. Neste cenário, para ganhar espaço, os armadores brasileiros de cabotagem buscam oferecer serviços porta-a-porta, conseguindo economias de escala na contratação dos fornecedores que realizam as pontas rodoviárias, aumentando assim a competitividade da cabotagem com seu principal concorrente, o modal rodoviário. Neste trabalho são apresentados dois modelos que visam minimizar o custo total de contratação de fornecedores rodoviários para uma lista de demandas que devem ser atendidas. O primeiro é um modelo matemático de programação linear inteira, o segundo é um algoritmo que utiliza uma heurística gulosa. Os modelos foram desenvolvidos e testados em cenários reais, vividos por armador de cabotagem brasileiro durante um período de tempo determinado. Os resultados dos dois modelos, que são comparados entre si e com as soluções realizadas manualmente por funcionários do armador de cabotagem, mostram que as soluções dos modelos de otimização são muito melhores do que as soluções manuais. Os resultados mostram ainda que o algoritmo guloso alcança resultados muito próximos aos do método exato, mostrando ser de grande utilidade dada a facilidade de sua implantação.
Despite the Brazilian continental scale, the magnitude of its coastline and the proximity between the coast and the large urban centers, the transport of cargo in containers using cabotage is still very limited in Brazil. In this scenario, the Brazilian cabotage ship-owners seek to provide door-to-door services, achieving economies of scale in procurement for suppliers that perform road ends, thus increasing the competitiveness of cabotage with its main competitor, the transportation by trucks. This work presents two models that aim to minimize the total cost of hiring road suppliers to a list of demands that must be performed. The first is a mathematical model based on integer linear programming, the second is an algorithm that uses a greedy heuristic. The models were developed and tested in real scenarios, experienced by a Brazilian cabotage ship-owner for a period of time. The results of the two models, which are compared among each other and with the manually solutions performed by the company’s employees, show that the solutions of optimization models are much better than the manual solutions. The results also show that the greedy algorithm achieves very close results to the exact method, proving to be very useful given the ease of its implementation.

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Wong, Kam. "Public transport competition between bus and rail." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3159475X.

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28

Conradie, Pieter Daniel Francois. "Quantifying system reliability in rail transportation in an aging fleet environment." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96836.

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Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In recent years, the management of physical assets has become increasingly important, even more so, in asset intensive organisations. This research work presents an overall approach to quantify reliability of rolling stock assets in the rail environment. The current maintenance management system in the case studied is over-reliant on cancellations and delays as reliability measure. The objectives of this study were, therefore, to develop a scientific approach to quantify the reliability of the rolling stock fleet and to develop a maintenance planning model based on system reliability. The research methodology followed made use of failure statistics, failure distributions and the interdependence of different systems to determine the impact of component failures on the overall system reliability. This could then be used to determine the reliability of individual train sets in order to better understand their performance. The reliability measure could be used for predicting component and train set failures as well as to better understand the contribution of maintenance towards reliability, hence the term Reliability Based Maintenance. The model, validated with real data, illustrates how the reliability measure can be used to determine maintenance intervals of different train sets. Based on the results, recommendations are made in relation to future planning of the maintenance strategy.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die bestuur van fisiese bates het in die afgelope tyd meer belangrik geword, veral in organisasies wat afhanklik is van hulle fisiese bates. Hierdie navorsing stel ‘n metode voor wat die betroubaarheid van rollende materiaal bates in die spoor bedryf kwantifiseer deur gebruik te maak van falingstatistiek. In die huidige instandhouding bestuurstelsel van die gevallestudie word daar te veel gesteun op kansellasies en vertragings van treine as ‘n betroubaarheids meting. Daarom was die doelwitte van die navorsing om ‘n wetenskaplike benadering te ontwikkel om betroubaarheid van rollende materiaal the kwantifiseer, en om ‘n instandhouding beplannings model voor te stel, gebaseer op sisteem betroubaarheid. Die navorsingsmetodologie is gebaseer op falingstatistieke, falingverspreidings, en die interafhanklikheid van stelsels word gebruik om die invloed van komponent falings op die betroubaarheid van die totale stelsel te bepaal. Hierdie benadering word dan gebruik om die betroubaarheid van individuele treinstelle en die werksverrigting van individuele trainstelle te bepaal. Hierdie instandhouding meting kan gebruik word om falings van komponente en treinstelle te voorspel, asook om die bydrae van instandhouding tot betroubaarheid beter te verstaan, daarom genoem Betroubaarheids Gebaseerde Instandhouding. Dit is ook geïllustreer hoe die betroubaarheid meting gebruik kan word om instandhouding intervalle te bepaal. Die betroubaarheid model is met werklike data gevalideer en aanbevelings word gemaak hoe om betroubaarheid te gebruik om die toekomstige beplanning van instandhouding te doen.

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Shi, Dalong 1976. "Feasibility and effectiveness of rail-air intermodalism for intercity passenger transportation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85754.

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Cummings, A. D. "Characterising the mechanical loads acting on nuclear packages during rail transportation." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2016. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4666/.

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The safe transportation of new and spent nuclear fuel is an essential part of the nuclear fuel cycle. The aim of this thesis was to obtain a more thorough understanding of the mechanical loading acting on heavy nuclear packages during rail transportation. There were two motivating factors for this study. Firstly, the design of equipment used to tie down a package to its conveyance has become more challenging with the recent trend of increasing package mass; often exceeding 100 tonnes. This difficulty is due to the advisory acceleration factors recommended for design. Despite widespread acceptance that the factors ensure safety, it is also recognised that for heavier packages they can be prohibitive and result in over engineered tie down systems. Secondly, transportation imparts complex dynamic mechanical loading on packages and the fuel assemblies within them. There have been no reported instances in the UK of problems caused by fuel vibrations. However international studies have prompted this investigation. A rail wagon and tie down system for a 100 tonne package were instrumented with accelerometers and strain gauges. The measurements were taken during a routine rail journey from Barrow-in-Furness to Sellafield. Continuous data was digitally recorded with a sampling rate sufficient to capture shock and vibrations up to 100 Hz. Accelerometers were selected to measure very low frequencies to capture quasi-static loading. Investigation of the frequency content of the accelerations indicated that digital filtering of the data is necessary to determine the magnitudes of the structural loading on tie downs. A method for designing a suitable filter has been developed. A sensitivity analysis of different filters indicated there is a possibility for over estimating loads based on measured data due to poor filter design. Industrial design of tie downs using FEA requires pragmatic run times. This motivated a comparison of the measured strain time histories with the results of a linear static FEA model. The correlation between measured and predicted strains, was strong at frequencies < 3.5 Hz. A residuals analysis indicated that the model predicted the underlying strain process accurately. The methods described are generic and adaptable. They will aid any future experimental work, to characterise shock, vibration and quasi-static loads acting on nuclear packages and their ancillary equipment.

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Faah, George. "Road transportation impact on Ghana's future energy and environment." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola&quot, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-7510642.

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This research work explored the environmental and socio-economic benefits derived, if some proportion of daily passenger trips made using private cars in Ghana could be shifted to the use of public transport. The research applied the computer software COPERT III in estimating road transport Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and fuel consumption in Ghana for the base year 2005 and forecast years 2010 and 2020. The research reveals that if no major change occur in policies or economic determinants in meeting road transport and energy in Ghana, then the 2005 total emissions value is expected to rise by 36% in 2010 and over double in 2020 i.e. from 4.6 to 6.25 in 2010 and to 9.77 Mt CO2e in 2020. However, if just 10% of daily passenger trips using private cars can be shifted towards the use of public transport, then the end results in reduction in emissions could earn Ghana about $USD 6.6million/year under the Kyoto Protocol CDM initiative. The research also demonstrated that with a further 10% daily passenger trip shift, the outcome could be more promising, increasing to $USD 13million/year.

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32

Alam, Ahsan. "Quantifying the road safety benefits of sustainable transportation : transit." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30502.

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As more and more people require transportation, not only must it be efficient and economically affordable, it must also increase safety and be environmentally friendly. High road traffic collisions have been recognized as a global major public health and safety problem. Present autodominant culture results in more traffic congestion, collisions, and environmental deterioration. So, there is a need to shift people from auto to a more sustainable transportation system that will promote reduced congestion levels, reduced environmental pollutions, improved road safety, and regional economic growth. This research quantified the road safety benefits of sustainable transportation in the form of increased transit services. The objective of the research was: (1) to develop an auto-based transportation planning model of the Regional District of Central Okanagan (RDCO) for year 2006 and 2020; (2) to conduct road safety analysis due to future transit and road network improvements; and, (3) to identify collision prone locations of the region. This research built AM period 4-step transportation planning model of the RDCO for the years 2006 and 2020. It proposed RDCO specific trip generation rate and a new auto mode share model, which can be used for future transportation modeling of the region. This research developed collision prediction models (CPMs) for the RDCO, which can be used to predict future AM period collisions. This research also built RDCO transportation planning model for 2020 having four sub-scenarios: (1) do-nothing; (2) only road improvements; (3) only transit improvements; and, (4) both transit and road improvements. It was found that transit improvements have the potential to significantly reduce urban and rural collisions. This research also suggests that construction of new roads in rural areas might result in collision increases. This is a very important consideration for transportation planners before constructing new roads in rural areas. This research also identified, ranked and analyzed collision prone locations (CPLs)which would help decision makers as they consider where to spend resources, targeting locations with the highest potential for safety improvements. It is believed that the results of this research would contribute significantly in future transportation planning and road safety evaluation of the region.

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Gudmundsson, Erik, and Niclas Forsberg. "Road Transportation : Environmental sustainability vs. lead time and costs." Thesis, Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1220.

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The recession of the early 1990’s marked the starting point for a transformation of the Swedish transportation industry. Cost oriented production techniques by the industry’s customer increased demand on swiftness, reliability and flexibility in transportation services. This development has continued ever since which in turn has continuously increased the rates of harmful discharges of emissions. The research is performed on the Swedish plastic industry and examines the relationship between environmental sustainability, lead time and cost when selecting road carrier for transportations. The main purpose is to examine to what extent environmental concerns are taken into account when deciding over distribution and furthermore, whether there exist potential and ambitions for improvements. Out of theories concerning transportation modal choice, four points of interest constitutes the basis for the empirical gathering; prioritization of selection determinants, environmental requirements in procurement of transportation services, use of rail freight and acceptable cost levels for implementing environmental sustainability. The study shows that the market of the Swedish plastic industry is driven by price competition and constant pressure from international trade. Naturally, cost is considered to be the foremost selection determinant in terms of transportation modal choice, followed by reliability and lead time. Furthermore, the study shows that environment is of low priority in respect to the other selection determinants. Although the current market condition diminishes the possibilities for changes, there exists a general ambition to become more environmental within the distribution activities. A majority of the respondent firms could potentially accept levels of increased transportation costs which balance with the costs of guaranteeing environmental sustainability in road transportations.

In reference to increased environmental ambitions, three conclusions can be drawn. The relationship between environmental sustainability, lead time and cost allow for environmental improvements if lead time can be extended to the maximum conceivable limit of the market. Furthermore, the price competition of the market makes own initiatives impossible in terms of raising price for transportations; environmental sustainability in road transportation must therefore be preceded by demand for such. Finally, it can be concluded that environmental improvements cannot be achieved single handedly; costs must be evenly distributed among the suppliers, customers and haulers.

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34

梁學敏 and Hok-man Josephine Leung. "[Art] on transit: transportation interchange at Middle Road, TST." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31986596.

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Bloomfield, Jessica. "An Alternative Alternative: The Road to Sustainable Transportation Law." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/13238.

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The dominance of motor vehicle use throughout America reflects a massive government intervention on behalf of automobiles. Congress directs billions of dollars into America's highway system annually, assuming that building new roadways is the best option to move people and goods from one place to another. These policies stand in direct contradiction to today's travel patterns. This research examines ways to improve federal law to achieve a more sustainable transportation future. First, it identifies the specific provisions in federal transportation law that inhibit the development of "low-build" transportation projects. Second, it describes challenges to halting roadway construction through litigation in federal court. Understanding the problems of federal transportation law and litigation sheds light on the ways to make positive change in the next federal surface transportation reauthorization. This research culminates in recommendations for how Congress can implement policies that require a comprehensive approach to transportation planning.

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36

Heljedal, Martin. "Factors Influencing the Choice between Road and Multimodal Transportation." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-102169.

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Non-sustainable transportation is a great part of the stress that human activities put on the environment. Road transportation constituted 74% of the total inland tonne-kilometres in the EU during 2009, to be compared to rail transportation at 15%. In Sweden the numbers are slightly more in favour of rail transportation, but still a small share despite the fact that the European Committee promotes sustainable modes of transport. To reduce the environmental impact from the transport sector, and be able to promote the use of sustainable transport modes, it is important to gain an understanding of why the modal balance is disposed this way. By case studies and a survey, four factors, viz costs, environmental impact, attitudes and risks, and their impact on the choice of mode of transportation for companies located in the vicinity of a rail terminal are studied. The results clearly show that the environmental impact of rail transportation is only a fraction of that of the road transportation and could possibly influence the choice of rail transportation in a positive way. However, rail transportation is less cost efficient, flexible and reliable and these aspects – despite the advantageous conditions in terms of infrastructure and geographical vicinity to a rail terminal – contribute to a negative bias towards rail transportation among companies in the study. Thus, the cost and attitudes factors counteract the choice of rail transportation. In addition, risks, as the final factor, also counteracts the choice, since it is found that respondents consider the risks of disturbances such as delays, theft and accidents to be important when considering mode of transportation and that rail transportation is viewed as lacking compared to road transportation. This thesis contributes to the existing theory about the costs-related issues and the environmental impact of rail transportation, as well as how companies with beneficial conditions to employ rail transportation consider the mode with regards to e.g. reliability and safety, and how these factors influence the modal choice among buyers of transportation services that are located close to a rail terminal. With this knowledge, policymakers are informed of which areas to concentrate taxes, subsidizations and information to. These things are in all probability necessary if a large scale modal shift is desired. The contribution of the effect a modal shift could have on the environmental impact of the transportation might make certain practitioners that compete on a market where a low environmental footprint is a strong competitive weapon to rethink their modal choice.

In the printed version is the Licentiate series number and ISSN is incorrect. In the electronic version is the correct series number changed to 1635 and the ISSN to the correct one.

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Verma, Manish. "Analytical approaches to railroad and rail-truck intermodal transportation of hazardous materials." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85961.

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Hazardous Materials are potentially harmful to people and environment due to their toxic ingredients. Although a significant portion of dangerous goods transportation is via railroads, prevailing studies on dangerous goods transport focus on highway shipments. We present an analytical framework that incorporates the differentiating features of trains in the assessment of risk. Each railcar is a potential source of release, and hence risk assessment of trains requires representation of multiple release sources in the model. We report on the use of the proposed approach for the risk assessment of the Ultra-train that passes through the city of Montreal everyday. The risk assessment methodology is then used to model the operations of freight trains in a network, wherein freight involves both hazardous and regular cargo. We present an optimization model distinct from the conventional ones, a Memetic Algorithm based solution technique, and a number of scenarios intended to gain numerical and managerial insights into the problem. In an effort to combine the economies of trains and efficiencies of trucks, we deal with rail-truck intermodalism for hazardous and non-hazardous cargo. Two special cases and a general case of rail-truck intermodal transportation models, driven by the element of ' time', are presented.

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Alruwaished, Abdullah Faleh. "Characteristics of Drivers Who Cause Run-Off-Road-Crashes on Ohio Roadways." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1406637831.

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Cheng, Pui-kan. "Evaluating mega urban transport project planning implications of West Rail /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41679532.

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Andriulaitis, Robert J. "Economic efficiency losses arising from subsidized intercity rail passenger movements in Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26054.

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While all four of the main modes of intercity passenger transportation in Canada (air, automobile, bus, and rail) are currently subsidized, rail recovers from its users a considerably lesser portion of the total cost of service than any of the other three modes. This thesis estimates the effect this imbalance has on the passenger network in two ways: i) in physical terms -- the change in modal volumes given full-economic-cost pricing and the implications this has on network configuration; and ii) in financial terms -- the dollar cost of the economic efficiency losses suffered due to non-full-economic-cost pricing. The first element is estimated by calculating modal fares based on full cost recovery for 52 intercity routes between Winnipeg and Quebec City. The changes represent from the actual fares charged is translated into volume changes based on a set of demand elasticities developed for this thesis. The second element is estimated for these same 52 routes using the standard deadweight loss triangle methodology which measures the loss in aggregate social welfare that exists when non-optimal prices are being charged. This result is then extrapolated to a national level. The calculations show that given full-economic-cost pricing, air volumes would increase by 4.76%, automobile volumes by 0.32%, and bus volumes by 3.47%. Rail volumes would decline by 56.67%. While the changes are marginal for the non-rail modes and would not likely result in any changes to the network, rail would cease to be a viable mode on many routes. The economic efficiency distortion caused by the failure to charge fares based on full economic costs amounted to about $130 million in 1986. This cost, along with the subsidy itself, is what the social and political benefits of continued VIA Rail subsidization must be compared to, not simply the amount of the subsidy, as is currently done. This estimate of deadweight loss ignores positive tourism, energy, safety, and environmental externalities of rail, and thus overestimates somewhat the detrimental effect of VIA rail subsidies.
Business, Sauder School of
Graduate

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Wong, Kwok-yiu. "Passengers' choice between the West Rail and buses." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31584287.

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Mhlanga, Mabuyi. "Investigation of the road safety measures around schools in Ethekwini." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29828.

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Globally, road traffic injury is a leading cause of death and disability in children aged 15 to 19 and the second leading cause of death in children between the ages 10 to 14 years. This thesis reviewed literature regarding the extent of road traffic injuries involving child pedestrians, the risk factors for child pedestrians and the effectiveness of interventions aimed at road safety improvement. EThekwini Metro was used as a case study for investigating the magnitude of road traffic crashes involving child pedestrians around primary schools. The schools with the highest road traffic crashes were used to investigate the road and environment contributory factors to crashes and finally the interventions in place at these schools to reduce road traffic injuries. The magnitude of crashes was quantified by using road accident data obtained from eThekwini Metro and the investigation of the interventions applied at the schools was conducted using Google Earth imagery, onsite inspections and administering a questionnaire to educators at the schools chosen for the case study. Results suggest that, in eThekwini, 32% of pedestrian crashes involve children from 0 to 19 years. The 6 to 10 year age group has the highest risk of road traffic injury and boys are 20% more likely to be involved in a crash compared to girls. The top ten primary schools with the highest road traffic crashes are located in middle and low income areas in eThekwini, these are, Sydenham, Jacobs and Umlazi Township. Most crashes took place where three or more schools are located within a kilometre radius of each other. Child behaviour contributed to 77% of the road traffic crashes. Scholar transport driver behaviour was highlighted as a major contributor to crashes by the respondents and environmental factors that resulted in reduced visibility of the child pedestrian contributed to 6% of the crashes. The main cause of road traffic injury, 68%, was crossing the road when it was unsafe to do so. Most crashes took place away from the intersection (58%), under clear and dry weather conditions (95%) during daylight (87%), between 13h00 to 15h30 (41%). Mondays and Fridays had highest incidents of road traffic crashes compared to other days of the week. Forty five percent (45%) of crashes took place on Class 5 local roads but all top ten schools with the highest road traffic crashes are located within a kilometre of a Class 3 distributor road or a class 4 collector road and these higher order roads have the highest crashes per road associated with the primary schools in their vicinity. Traffic calming, in the form of speed humps are only provided on roads where school entrances are located and are not provided on other roads even the roads with the highest road traffic crashes. Pedestrian crossings that direct pedestrians to a safe crossing location, road signs and road markings that warn drivers about the school are also generally not provided. The study revealed that road safety education is not formally provided in the school’s curriculum, it is taught as part of the Life Skills subject. The content and type of training is decided upon by the Life Skills teachers. Practical training is only provided at two of the schools, in all other schools, road safety education is taught and tested in a classroom environment. The author recommends that further studies be conducted on child pedestrian road safety around schools to obtain a full understanding of the road and environmental risk factors, that the municipality adopts the school zone concept and develops a policy for road safety interventions within the school zones. The municipality must also constantly monitor road traffic crashes involving child pedestrians, collect necessary data and test the effectiveness of measures applied to reduce the risks for child pedestrian crashes, investigate the possibility of providing grade separated pedestrian crossing facilities on higher order roads within a kilometre radius of the schools, initiate a scholar transport driver training programme and to assist the schools in the provision of road safety education by providing facilities where practical road safety training can be taught.

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Chen, Szu-han. "The relationship between rail transit ridership and built environment and transportation system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82835.

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Thesis (S.M. in Transportation)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 145-149).
Public transportation is an effective tool to tackle many urban transportation problems. Due to its higher capacity and reliability, rail transit often serves as the main means to connect major trip origins and destinations in a metropolitan area. We have witnessed that rail transit systems continue to be built or extended in cities around the world, including the cities in the U.S. As transit supply increases, planning concepts such as Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) seek to integrate urban environment with transit systems in order to promote transit use. Traditionally it is thought that people's travel behavior is shaped by travel time or monetary costs only, but the emergence of many recent studies suggests that the built environment also plays a role in people's travel decisions. This research examines the relationship between rail transit station ridership and the factors categorized into three groups: transportation system, built environment, and socio-demographics. The stations of Boston's rail transit system are analyzed. The method used is the direct demand approach with OLS regression. Bootstrapping and spatial regression are also used as enhanced models. Variables concerning each station as well as the station catchment area were considered and tested. This research finds that factors related to transportation system, land use, pedestrian environment, and socio-demographics are important. Different combinations of predictors are found during different time periods, reflecting the temporal difference in travel patterns. The findings of this research are in line with the TOD concept that certain elements of the built environment, such as higher levels of employment and population in the station area, and a more walkable environment, are associated with increased transit ridership. The results could lend support to future transit line planning, the design of neighborhood road networks, and land use policy-making.
by Szu-han Chen.
S.M.in Transportation

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Lammgård, Catrin. "Environmental perspectives on marketing of freight transports : the intermodal road-rail case /." Göteborg : BAS Publ, 2007. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0716/2007423625.html.

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Mak, Chi-fai Steven. "An analysis of the transport interchanges for the West Rail." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3194579X.

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Tavakoli, Reza. "Design of Road Embedded Dynamic Charging Systems for Electrified Transportation." DigitalCommons@USU, 2020. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7715.

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The U.S. transportation sector represented about 28% of all energy consumption in 2018. Petroleum products accounted for 92% of this total energy. Light-duty vehicles are the largest energy consumers in the transportation sector. The high amount of petroleum used by light-duty vehicles creates significant economic and environmental challenges. Electric Vehicles (EVs) have a higher fuel economy and can be emission-free; they are therefore an alternative solution for minimizing the negative environmental impact of internal combustion engine vehicles. However, the adoption of EVs has been limited by their limited driving range, long recharging time, and comparatively higher price. Dynamic wireless charging technology allows for charging the EV battery in motion. Charging pads are embedded in the road and the EV battery is charged while the vehicle is passing over them. This technology not only extends the EV range but also results in a considerable reduction in battery size and capacity. Therefore, dynamic wireless charging solves one of the major issues of EVs, leading to their large-scale adoption. In the first part of this dissertation, a pad optimization methodology is presented to minimize system cost and losses. Using this method, two pads are optimized, built and tested for charging the EV. In the next section, two methods are presented to estimate how much the EV is laterally misaligned with respect to the center of the charging pads. This helps to increase system efficiency and power transfer capability. Finally, new concrete-based material is presented and studied to reduce the charging pad cost and increase their durability.

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Fulwider, Benjamin. "Driving the nation road transportation and the postrevolutionary Mexican state, 1925-1960 /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/463436776/viewonline.

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周永卓 and Wing-cheuk Chau. "A study on the sufficiency of the Light Rail Transit as a feeder to the West Rail in Tuen Mun." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39707519.

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Tse, Yu-yuk. "A study of public passenger transport integration : with special reference to rail services /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25263080.

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Hingorani, Naresh K. "Emulating the southwest airline experience to forecast demand for High Speed Rail." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05092009-040618/.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Road and Rail Transportation'

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