Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'RMN à température variable'
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Yilmazer, Senem. "Études physicochimiques de N-acylaminoacides et amides gras comme oléogélateurs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAE022.
Full textIn order to gel the oils, we can use organogelators: these small compounds self-assemble into fibrillar networks, thus providing the oils with mechanical properties close to solid. These compounds are used in the food applications to replace animal fats, negative for health, with healthier vegetable oils; in cosmetics they are used for oil-based formulations. This thesis focuses on the development of new oleogelators, endogenous and naturally assimilable compounds. We studied the thermodynamic and rheological properties of their gels in edible oils and established the c-T phase diagrams of these systems. The structure of the aggregates was studied by microscopy and X-ray scattering. The results show the existence of gel-gel transitions, due to polymorphism of the aggregates. This polymorphism explains how the properties vary and can be controlled with thermal history. To establish the phase diagrams more quickly and accurately than by DSC and rheology, we optimized the use of NMR at variable temperature in a deuterated oil. The combination of these approaches improves the optimization of the gel properties for the targeted applications
Ben, Cheikh Ahmed. "Elastoviscoplasticité à température variable." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066258.
Full textPauvert, Olivier. "Etude structurale de sels fondus d'intérêts nucléaires par RMN et EXAFS haute température." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00517360.
Full textMachado, Kelly. "Chimie des Bains pour l’Electrolyse de l’Aluminium : Étude RMN Haute Température et Modélisation." Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2054/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the structural study of molten fluorides mixtures used for aluminium production by electrolysis. This process is obtained by dissolving alumina (Al₂O₃) in a molten cryolite bath (NaF-AlF₃ plus some additives) at 960°C. In order to obtain input data for the electrokinetic modeling of transport phenomena during the process, a better description of speciation in baths as a function of their composition and temperature is required.To determine this in situ speciation, we developed an original approach combining high temperature nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy with Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations coupled with first principle calculations. Based on the density functional theory (DFT), it was possible to calculate the interaction parameters involved in NMR experiments and to evaluate the quality of the models derived from MD when compared to the experimental data.The measurements and simulations carried out in the MF-AlF₃ binary systems (M = Na or K) confirmed the presence of F- and anionic species [AlFₓ]³‾ˣ with a lifetime between 5 and 25 ps. The probability of forming dimers [Al2Fm]6-m is less than 10%. Regardless of alkali, the addition of alumina in these systems affects the proportion of AlF5²‾ species to form oxyfluoroaluminates: [Al₂OF6] ²‾, [Al₂OF8]⁴‾, [Al₂O₂F4] ²‾, [Al₂O₂F6]⁴‾ et [Al₂O₃F₂]²‾. The latter are little influenced by the presence of CaF₂. By partially dissociating, this contributes to modifying the chemical equilibria towards the more basic media and to increasing the average coordination of the aluminium ions
Nuta, I. "Étude par RMN à Haute Température de liquides fluorés dans le système cryolithe/aluminium." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00594641.
Full textNuta, Ioana. "Etude par RMN à haute température de liquides fluorés dans le système cryolithe-aluminium." Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE2057.
Full textBobroff, Julien. "Etude par RMN des corrélations magnétiques dans les supraconducteurs à haute température critique: effets des impuretés." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001972.
Full textBaudin, Emmanuel. "Dynamique RMN non linéaire et renversement temporel dans les mélanges d'3He-4He hyperpolarisés à basse température." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00623612.
Full textMaksoud, Louis. "Couplage RMN et rayonnement synchrotron à haute température pour l'étude de fluorures fondus : application aux fluorures de zirconium." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00954536.
Full textMaksoud, Louis. "Couplage RMN et rayonnement synchrotron à haute température pour l’étude de fluorures fondus : application aux fluorures de zirconium." Thesis, Orléans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ORLE2031/document.
Full textMolten fluorides are used in Molten Salt Reactors MSR such as the non moderated fast reactor MSFR, where the molten salt LiF-ThF4 is the fuel and the coolant. The formation of fission products (FP) such as lanthanides, during the reactor operation, possibly modifies the physicochemical properties of the melt. It is therefore important to characterize the melt from the structural and the dynamics point of view in order to determine its properties. Because of problems related to the radioactivity of thorium, as well as requirements related to spectroscopic methods, the system studied in this thesis is the LiF-ZrF4-LaF3 (zirconium and lanthanum are possible FP). The approach followed in this thesis combines measurements by NMR spectroscopy and EXAFS at 850 °C with molecular dynamics simulations. In the molten salt, we have shown the existence of zirconium and lanthanum complexes with different coordination numbers, whose proportions depend on the composition. Depending on the content of ZrF4, [ZrF7]3- species are dominant but change slightly and are further connected between each other’s via bridging fluorine. The addition of LaF3 to the mixture stabilizes the 7 coordination number around the zirconium and tends to enrich the environment of lanthanum with fluorides. A medium-range order is established between the various complexes containing zirconium and lanthanum due to bridging fluorine. Species dynamics is slower when the amount of either ZrF4 or LaF3 is higher. We noted a significant effect on the structure and dynamics of species starting 10 mol%. LaF3 added to the medium. The data obtained by this novel approach concerning the chemistry of the molten salt in MSR containing FP, are fundamental to improve the separation of these products and optimize the process
Wurm, Martin. "Nouvelle expérience de résonance magnétique nucléaire (RMN) à bas champ et très basse température détectée par un SQUID." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10061.
Full textMeducin, Fabienne. "Etude des phases silicatées du ciment hydraté sous haute pression et haute température." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066337.
Full textTandeo, Pierre. "Modélisation spatio-temporelle d’une variable quantitative à partir de données multi-sources : Application à la température de surface des océans." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00582679.
Full textIn this thesis, an important oceanographic variable for the monitoring of the climate is studied: the sea surface temperature. At the global level, this variable is observed along the ocean by several remote sensed sources. In order to treat all this information, statistical methods are used to summarize our variable of interest in global daily map. For that purpose, a state-space linear model with Gaussian error is suggested. We begin to introduce this model on data resulting from having an irregular sampling. Then, we work on the estimation of the parameters. This is based on the combination of the method of moments and the maximum likelihood estimates, with the study of the EM algorithm and the Kalman recursions. Finally, this methodology is applied to estimate the variance of errors and the temporal correlation parameter to the Atlantic ocean. We add the spatial component and propose a separable second order structure, based on the product of a temporal covariance and a spatial anisotropic covariance. According to usual geostatistical methods, the parameters of this covariance are estimated on the Atlantic ocean and form a relevant atlas for the oceanographers. Finally, we show that the contribution of the spatial information increases the predictive behaviour of the model
Dufour, Sylvie. "Application de la RMN et de la théorie du contrôle à l'étude de l'énergétique cellulaire hépatique à basse température." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR28456.
Full textRobin, Clément. "Structure et rhéologie du poly(acide méthacrylique) en régime semi-dilué : organisation sous cisaillement et en température." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1152/document.
Full textPoly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) is a polyelectrolyte which has been rather scarcely investigated in the literature, despite its various and very interesting physical properties. The behavior of PMAA solutions is drastically different from the one displayed by the extensively studied poly(acrylic acid), due to the methyl group located in the alpha position of the carboxylic acid function. At low ionization degrees in aqueous solvent, synergetic effects resulting from both hydrophobic interactions (methyl groups) and intramolecular hydrogen bonds between acidic groups are responsible for the hypercoiled conformation of the PMAA chains. Nevertheless, above a critical ionization degree, the PMAA macromolecule behaves as an extended chain similar to a usual highly charged polyelectrolyte. The main purpose of this work is to correlate the rheological properties to the structure of the chains for semi-dilute solutions of PMAA.In the semi-dilute regime, above a critical concentration, PMAA solutions display a sharp increase in their viscosity over time under shear. This phenomenon known as antithixotropy occurs only when the macromolecules adopt a hypercoiled conformation. The influence of both concentration and ionization degree on the rheological behavior of PMAA solutions was studied. Shear induces the formation of intermolecular bonds which are responsible for the formation of a physical gel. We have demonstrated that the critical shear stress at which the gel is formed does not depend on the concentration. Interestingly, the results obtained remind some features observed in the case of the shear thickening of charged colloids.Neutral PMAA chains in water also display a Lower Critical Solution Temperature (LCST) around 67 $^{circ}$C. The reorientational dynamics of water molecules above the LCST was studied by means of NMR experiments, which evidenced the dehydration of the polymer coils during phase separation. The formation of interfaces between polymer-rich and polymer-poor domains was investigated by small-angle neutron scattering experiments. A possible mechanism describing the transition at the molecular level was derived from the results obtained throughout the use of complementary experimental approaches. This mechanism is very similar to the one proposed for the LCST transition of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM). The cloud point temperature of PMAA solutions is the same as the gel temperature at which a viscoelastic gel is formed.The understanding of the behavior of PMAA solutions under shear as well as under temperature is an essential prerequisite to the design of PMAA/silica nanocomposites. These nanocomposites were are prepared in the solution state. The interactions between PMAA chains and silica were clearly increased by the functionalization of the silica particles. Such interactions between PMAA and filler particles were found to be related to the pH of the solutions, due to the nature of the chemical groups at the surface of the functionalized silica. A possible perspective to this work would be the correlation between the structural features of the nanocomposites and their rheological properties during the drying process
Nemausat, Ruidy. "Etude expérimentale et théorique des fluctuations thermiques quantiques des noyaux par spectroscopies d'absorption X et RMN." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066158/document.
Full textIn this thesis the impact of quantum thermal fluctuations on XANES and solid-state NMR spectra is described using an experimental and theoretical joint study. This project has two components. First, high-quality experimental data are acquired in order to observe and understand the influence of quantum vibrations in light-elements oxides. Second, a theoretical model is set up to reproduce the effects observed experimentally and describe their origin from a fundamental point of view. The developed theoretical approach is based on the density-functional theory. Within the Born-Oppenheimer and quasiharmonic approximations, the quantum thermal fluctuations of nuclei are modeled by generating atomic configurations obeying quantum statistics at finite temperature. The XANES spectra and NMR parameters are subsequently calculated in these configurations and the average results are compared with spectroscopic data at finite temperature. This approach has been validated by a joint theoretical-experimental study conducted in a series of light-element oxides, where the results were found to be in excellent agreement with the original experimental data. In addition, it is shown that the impact of the quantum fluctuations of the nuclei is influenced by the local symmetry of the probed atomic site
Chen, Anne-Sophie. "Propriétés magnétiques nucléaires de l'3He superfluide à ultra-basse température." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10095.
Full textSamrout, Houssam. "Loi de comportement élastoviscoplastique à température variable d'un acier de disques de frein pour matériel ferroviaire." Bordeaux 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR10663.
Full textFavier, Denis. "Contribution à l'étude théorique de l'élastohystérésis à température variable : application aux propriétés de mémoire de forme." Grenoble INPG, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPG0060.
Full textGrenier, Benjamin. "Spectroscopie théorique : description des effets de la température sur les paramètres de résonance magnétique nucléaire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0494/document.
Full text- Our objective is to define a theoretical methodology, which allows to simulate the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra taking into account the temperature effects, in order to propose a help to the interpretation of the more relevant experimental results.- To deal with the description of the temperature effects on the NMR parameters, we have studied azacalixarenes, which are cyclic oligomers of phenol units linked together by nitrogen bridges. These molecules have a calyx shape, hence their name azacalixarenes. By this cavity these molecules can capture different types of compounds and are used in the host-guest chemistry field.- A wide variety of substituents can be attached to these azacalixarenes. Experimentally, one can easily follow the structure variations effects, at the level of physicochemical properties by NMR.- For this reason, we first investigated the geometric description of azacalixarenes as a function of different substituents and different isomers using the Density Functional Theory, so without taking into account the temperature. - Then, we simulated the NMR parameters of these systems using the Density Functional Theory. This is to calculate the azacalixarenes NMR spectrum in the ground state.- FInally, by performing molecular dynamics simulations using Molecular Mechanics, we were able to take into account the temperature effects. We were able to simulate the NMR parameters of these systems taking now into account the effects of temperature
Nemausat, Ruidy. "Etude expérimentale et théorique des fluctuations thermiques quantiques des noyaux par spectroscopies d'absorption X et RMN." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066158.
Full textIn this thesis the impact of quantum thermal fluctuations on XANES and solid-state NMR spectra is described using an experimental and theoretical joint study. This project has two components. First, high-quality experimental data are acquired in order to observe and understand the influence of quantum vibrations in light-elements oxides. Second, a theoretical model is set up to reproduce the effects observed experimentally and describe their origin from a fundamental point of view. The developed theoretical approach is based on the density-functional theory. Within the Born-Oppenheimer and quasiharmonic approximations, the quantum thermal fluctuations of nuclei are modeled by generating atomic configurations obeying quantum statistics at finite temperature. The XANES spectra and NMR parameters are subsequently calculated in these configurations and the average results are compared with spectroscopic data at finite temperature. This approach has been validated by a joint theoretical-experimental study conducted in a series of light-element oxides, where the results were found to be in excellent agreement with the original experimental data. In addition, it is shown that the impact of the quantum fluctuations of the nuclei is influenced by the local symmetry of the probed atomic site
Tandeo, Pierre. "MODÉLISATION SPATIO-TEMPORELLE D'UNE VARIABLE QUANTITATIVE À PARTIR DE DONNÉES MULTI-SOURCES APPLICATION À LA TEMPÉRATURE DE SURFACE DES OCÉANS." Phd thesis, Agrocampus - Ecole nationale supérieure d'agronomie de rennes, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00582679.
Full textBerriot, Julien. "Existence et rôle d'un gradient de température de transition vitreuse sur les propiétés mécaniques d'un élastomère renforcé." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066025.
Full textDeydier, Sophie. "Glycosylation 1,2-cis : nouveaux intermédiaires réactionnels pour moduler la stéréosélectivité." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112004.
Full textHeparan sulfates are linear and sulfated polysaccharides interacting and regulating the activity of various proteins, especially cytokines and chemokines, messengers of the immune system. They are, in this regard, good drugs candidates for treating several pathologies such as inflammatory, autoimmune, acquired immune deficiency or oncology diseases. The aim of this work was to develop new methodologies in order to synthesise heparan sulfate fragments. We tried especially to improve the alpha selectivity, as well as the yield, of glycosylation reactions between 2-azido glycoside donors and C-4 OH glucuronic acceptors. This optimization consisted of replacing trichloroacetimidate leaving group, used commonly in the laboratory, with thiophenyl group activated by PhSOR/ Tf2O promoting system at low temperature. This method allowed to form triflate intermediate in situ. Once generated, an XR2 (X = O, N or S) additive was added to the reaction mixture before adding the acceptor at last. As preliminary study of this method with easy available monosaccharides gave good results, these three steps glycosylation reaction has been tested with disaccharidic units. Comparing with previous method using trichloroacetimidate leaving group, the yield as well as the alpha selectivity have been significantly improved when THF was added as an additive
Grenier, Benjamin. "Spectroscopie théorique : description des effets de la température sur les paramètres de résonance magnétique nucléaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0494.
Full text- Our objective is to define a theoretical methodology, which allows to simulate the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra taking into account the temperature effects, in order to propose a help to the interpretation of the more relevant experimental results.- To deal with the description of the temperature effects on the NMR parameters, we have studied azacalixarenes, which are cyclic oligomers of phenol units linked together by nitrogen bridges. These molecules have a calyx shape, hence their name azacalixarenes. By this cavity these molecules can capture different types of compounds and are used in the host-guest chemistry field.- A wide variety of substituents can be attached to these azacalixarenes. Experimentally, one can easily follow the structure variations effects, at the level of physicochemical properties by NMR.- For this reason, we first investigated the geometric description of azacalixarenes as a function of different substituents and different isomers using the Density Functional Theory, so without taking into account the temperature. - Then, we simulated the NMR parameters of these systems using the Density Functional Theory. This is to calculate the azacalixarenes NMR spectrum in the ground state.- FInally, by performing molecular dynamics simulations using Molecular Mechanics, we were able to take into account the temperature effects. We were able to simulate the NMR parameters of these systems taking now into account the effects of temperature
Bertho, Christophe. "Contribution à l'étude de la pyrolyse basse température du charbon de gardanne." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2306.
Full textRedon, Nathalie. "Réalisation d'un banc de mesure du bruit basse fréquence (10Hz-10MHz) à température variable : application à la caractérisation de composants électroniques." Littoral, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DUNK0048.
Full textToday, telecommunication is a growing economic field so high frequency systems are more and more important ; however, low frequency noise measurements are still necessary. Indeed, low frequency noise limits components performances, as for oscillators and mixers. A low frequency noise measurement set-up with temperature control (77K- 330K) is realized. The main problem is to extract the random signal of the device under test from the total noise of the measurement set-up. Two systems were designed : one for noise voltage source and the other for noise current source. Choosing the accurate system depends on the impedance of the device under test. Automated static and dynamic set-up were therefore first developed. Three types of component were characterized : a pre-amplifier based on CMOS-transistors made at LIS in Paris, a last generation bipolar transistor (BFP420 – Siemens), and many diodes based on conducting polymers : light-emitting diodes developed at IEMN in Lille and Schottky diodes designed at LPSCM in Marrakech (Maroc). For each device, measurement conditions were inspected so noise sources of the component were accurately determined, all parasitic sources from noise measurement set-up being previously evaluated
Durand, Thierry. "Influence de l'abaissement de température (4 degrés C) sur l'homéostasie du pH intracellulaire dans le foie de rat isolé et perfusé. Etude par RMN du 31P." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR28687.
Full textIvashchenko, Vladimir. "Groupements protecteurs et contrôle de la stéréosélectivité de réactions de glycosylation en série 2-azido-2-déoxy-D-glucose." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112274.
Full textHeparin sulfate (HS) are linear and sulfated polysaccharides present at the cell surface. HS interact and regulate activity of numerous proteins, especially cytokines and chemokines. Therefore, HS oligosaccharides are targeted as potential drugs in inflammation, autoimmune disease or tumor treatment. The basic disaccharide unit of HS consists in D-glucosamine residue linked to an uronic acid by 1,2-cis glycosidic linkage. Unfortunately, the formation of highly stereoselective 1,2-cis glycosidic bond in 2-azido-2-deoxy-D-glucose series is still a major concern in glycochemistry. Amongst the numerous methodologies favoring the stereoselective 1,2-cis linkage formation, we were particularly interested in 6-O-anchimeric assistance. Several thioglycoside donors with different protecting groups in position 6 were prepared to find some 1,2-cis stereodirecting protecting groups. Some thioglycoside activation related in literature yields a reactive anomeric triflate intermediate. In order to observe its formation and to determine the limits of its stability and by-product formation, a new low temperature NMR experiment protocol was elaborated. All synthesized donors were tested using this protocol in order to adjust their glycosylation conditions. The glycosylation tests revealed several 1,2-cis stereodirecting protecting groups. Since certain protecting groups were incompatible with thioglycoside activation conditions, corresponding NPTFA donors were used as an alternative. Their activations were monitored by low temperature NMR techniques and followed by their glycosylations. Finally, all 1,2-cis stereodirecting protecting groups were tested in different deprotection conditions to determine the compatibility of chosen protecting groups with our HS oligosaccharide design synthesis
Bouhouch, Ahmed. "Modélisation des écoulements monophasiques et des transferts de chaleur en milieux poreux : situations transitoires à masse volumique variable et à haute température." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT045H.
Full textDimithe, Aboumou Loïc. "Etude expérimentale et simulation numérique de propagation de fissures dans un acier inoxydable martensitique durci par précipitation sous conditions représentatives en termes de température, spectre de chargement et vieillissement." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESMA0013/document.
Full textConnecting the turbofan engine to the wing of the aircraft, the engine pylon is a true « masterpiece » of the aircraft. Indeed, it transmits all the aircraft engine efforts. It is subject to temperature variations from -40°C in cruise to 290°C-400°C during take off and landing. In addition, the engine pylon is a prey to very high vibratory stresses, which should be properly taken into account during damage tolerances analysis to avoid the loss of the aircraft. Between 290°C and 400°C, the martensite of components in precipitation-hardenable stainless steel (15-5 PH) of engine pylon undergoes microstructural transformation (« ageing »). This ageing has a significant impact on the mechanical properties, characterized by an increase in yield strength and tensile stress and drastic reduction in toughness and ductility. To complete the characterization of the effects of ageing on the mechanical properties while considering that these structures are designed according to a principle of damage tolerance, the aim of this work is to study the fatigue crack growth behavior (FCGB) of this material according to the ageing conditions and the test temperature. The approach is based on knowledge of monotonous and cyclic behavior to analyze the fatigue crack mechanisms. The cyclic behavior tests have been carried out at room temperature and 300°C at different strains imposed levels, on the 15-5PH steel in its as-received and then to the ageing conditions realized, between 300°C and 400°C and exposure times of up to 10 000h. The results highlight the lack of influence of ageing on the cyclic hardening of 15-5 PH steel, both at room temperature to 300°C. For the range of ΔK values tested, the FCGB of the 15-5PH steel under constant load amplitude is not affected by ageing. However, the extent of the stable propagation domain is itself reduced according to the degree of aging at room temperature. This reduction is due to the fall of fracture toughness due to ageing. The fracture surfaces are mainly transgranular for all conditions examined. However, the areas close to the final rupture ofsome ageing statements present islands indicative of a static failure mode at room temperature. These islands are absent to 300°C.Under the effect of repeated loads, a delayed effect on the crack velocity has been demonstrated. This delay is a function of the overload rate, overload period, the number of overloads and the baseline load ratio, but insensitive to ageing. Furthermore, are duction in the extent of the area stable propagation is also noticed at room temperature. Fatigue crack growth simulations undervariable amplitude loading were made through the incremental model for damage tolerance analysis developed by LMT-Cachan. The model results were then subject to a comparison with the PREFFAS model used at AIRBUS. The incremental model is well aware ofsome of the effects of repeated overloads. It also proves less conservative than the model PREFFAS. For taking account the effects of ageing in the incremental model, simply report the hardening observed on old material, the cyclic hardening parameters are notaffected. A methodology based on time/temperature equivalence provided by Hollomon-Jaffe - and taking into account the effects of ageing in the incremental model is finally proposed
Branca, Mathieu. "Utilisation des amides aromatiques tertiaires pour la synthèse d'acides alpha-aminés quaternaires énantiomériquement enrichis par mémoire de chiralité." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112324.
Full textQuaternary alpha-amino acids can lead to compounds and peptides analogues which exhibit interesting biological properties. Numerous procedures for the asymmetric synthesis of these compounds exist, but few use the starting material’s chirality. Among them, Kawabata and Fuji have developed a new strategy, based on the memory of chirality principle, to synthesise enantioenriched alpha-methylated alpha-amino acids and cyclic quaternary alpha-amino acids derivatives. This thesis describes a new enantioselective synthesis of quaternary alpha-amino acids, non-limited to methylation, and based on the memory of chirality principle. The strategy uses the axial chirality of tertiary aromatic amides for the stereoselective alkylation of an enolate intermediate. The procedure has been developed with L-valine as the starting amino acid. Various tertiary aromatic amides have been studied, and one compound has been finally selected to optimise the asymmetric methylation reaction. Optimal conditions have been found, and then successfully employed with other electrophiles. NMR studies and DFT calculations have been carried out to determine the origin of the observed stereoselectivity. This method has been extended starting from L-leucine, L-alanine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine and L-isoleucine. The strategy described in this thesis allowed a three step access (with a crystallisation step) to (S)-alpha-methylvaline (yield=35%, ee=94%), (S)-alpha-isopropylaspartic acid (yield=53%, ee>99%) and (R)-alpha-methylaspartic acid (yield=42%, ee>99%)
Pétry, Charles. "Caractérisation et modélisation du comportement et de l'endommagement d'alliages métalliques sur une grande plage de température." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00133696.
Full textGoutailler, Florent. "Polarisation dynamique nucléaire a basse température et fort champ magnétique pour des applications biomédicales en imagerie spectroscopique par résonance magnétique." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00684287.
Full textTexier, Yoan. "Diagramme de phase et corrélations électroniques dans les supraconducteurs à base de Fer : une étude par RMN." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00869743.
Full textJulien, Marc-Henri. "Des supraconducteurs à haute température critique aux échelles de spins : une étude par résonance magnétique nucléaire." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10283.
Full textVenel, Florian. "Stabilité en présence d’eau des matériaux hybrides microporeux de type Metal-Organic Frameworks : apport de la RMN des solides." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUR036.
Full textMetal-Organic Frameworks (MOF) are porous crystallized hybrid materials built from inorganic clusters linked together by organic ligands. The structure of these compounds offers a high porosity and high specific surface areas (up to several thousands of m²/g). But their use at the industrial level is still underdeveloped, most probably because of a lack of knowledge of their reactivity towards water. Different techniques were used to study the structural modifications than can occur when the MOF is in presence of steam water: X-ray diffraction, infrared, porosity measurement (BET) or Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The influences of the length of the ligand in the UiO-67-NH2(Zr) as well as the presence of hydrophilic group in the UiO-67-(NH2)2(Zr) were studied. The stability to steam water of some compounds from the family UiO(Zr) is high especially at 200 °C. Even though a partial destruction at low temperature (80°C) is observed. In addition, various 17O enrichments of UiO-66(Zr) were tested allowing the recording of 17O NMR spectra: enrichment of the ligand by mechanosynthesis, and / or the MOF in presence of enriched water. These different techniques have made it possible to better understand the reactivity of the various 17O sites, and to highlight a certain lability of Zr-O bonds. Finally, with advanced NMR techniques (low temperature and WURST-QCPMG sequence) it was possible to characterize the UiO(Zr) compounds through the study of the zirconium-91 isotope. Slight structural modifications of the metallic cluster were then observed. Finally, pioneering work on processing for thin films of MOF has been initiated. This should allow us to develop new applications in the field of microelectronics in particular by functionalizing the substrate
Goutailler, Florent. "Polarisation dynamique nucléaire à basse température et fort champ magnétique pour des applications biomédicales en imagerie spectroscopique par résonance magnétique." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00672305.
Full textBesson, Davy. "Le dépôt d'agrégats : une métallurgie douce (à température ambiante) pour l'élaboration d'alliages binaires (AuSb2 et InSb) et l'obtention de films minces nanostructurés de composition variable InxSb1-x." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10215.
Full textGonthier, Sabine. "Systèmes modèles du réseau carré frustré : synthèses, caractérisations structurales et propriétés magnétiques : étude en fonction de la température." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30096.
Full textWe present synthesis, structural and magnetic characterizations of two frustrated systems on a square lattice : VMoO5 and Li2V1-xTixSiO5. The first part is related to the VMoO5 phase. After introducing its elaboration, its magnetic properties are correlated with neutron and synchrotron powder diffraction results at low temperature. These investigations are motivated by the presence of a structural instability, which occurs concomitantly with apparition of magnetic short-range correlations. VMoO5 is shown to be a frustrated 2D antiferromagnet. Moreover, neutron diffraction experiments allow the determination of the magnetic order below 40K. The study of the Li2V1-xTixSiO5 phases shows that magnetic dilution of Li2VSiO5 allows to modulate exchange interactions values. It is particularly interesting because it emphasizes the possibility to investigate the whole magnetic phase diagram of frustrated systems on a square lattice by means of well-chosen substitutions
Nguyen, Ngoc Quynh Giao. "Caractérisation par RMN du carbone-13 de la microstructure des polymères acryliques et relation avec leurs températures de transition vitreuse." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10184.
Full textDupuy, Dorian. "Analyse et modélisation de l'interaction entre thermique et turbulence dans les récepteurs solaires à haute température." Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0038/document.
Full textIn solar power towers, the solar flux is concentrated towards a solar receiver, wherethrough its energy is transferred to a heat transfer fluid. The flow in the solar receiver is turbulent, strongly anisothermal and at low Mach number. The optimisation of the solar receiver requires a better understanding and modelling of the interaction between temperature and turbulence. In this thesis, this is investigated following two approaches. First, we study the energy exchanges between the different parts of total energy. To this end, a new representation of the energy exchanges, based on the Reynolds averaging, is established. The representation allows the characterisation, from direct numerical simulations of a strongly anisothermal channel flow, of the effect of the temperature gradient on the energy exchanges associated with turbulence kinetic energy in the spatial and spectral domains. Second, we study the large-eddy simulation of the low Mach number equations. Using the results of direct numerical simulations, we identify the specific subgrid terms to model when the unweighted classical filter is used and when the density-weighted Favre filter is used. In both cases, the performance of different subgrid-scale models is assessed a priori. The relevance of the subgrid-scale models is then verified a posteriori by carrying out large-eddy simulations
Belattar, Sougrati. "Le traitement par corrélation des mesures simultanées de flux thermique et de température de surface appliqué à l'analyse des échanges énergétiques sur la surface d'une paroi en régime variable." Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10048.
Full textSegond, Guillaume. "Etudes des couplages thermohydrauliques en régime variable d'un système thermique avec stockage : application à la production d'eau chaude sanitaire à partir de la valorisation d'une source de chaleur basse température." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4722.
Full textThe work presented here aims to study and optimize the energy efficiency of a heat pump water heater coupled with a sensible heat storage. The resource used consists of heat recovery from exhaust air of a collective type of housing. The challenge is to characterize the conditions in which the system is capable of ensuring the needs with performance required when the boundary conditions are very volatile. Functionally, the system should be as simple as possible from the viewpoint of its hydraulic configuration and its control strategy.For this study, we developed a TRNSYS numerical model to simulate and analyze different scenarios and thermal hydraulic couplings between the system components. In parallel with this modeling approach, we designed and implemented an experimental set up with realistic scale to validate the model over a wide range of operating conditions.The analysis of the results, including the nature of flows within the storage tank, highlighted the major influence on a number of parameters on the system performance. In particular, the robust performance in the face of significant fluctuations of the boundary conditions can be ensured through appropriate control strategy.This study eventually led to propose a model for the design of the system that takes into account the most relevant parameters for the control strategy
Martin, Amélie. "Utilisation de conditions superacides pour la mise en évidence d'intermédiaires réactionnels glycosidiques inédits." Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT2282/document.
Full textA vast majority of biologically and therapeutically active carbohydrates exist as glycans (polysaccharides or complex glycoconjugates) in which monosaccharide units are joined via the glycosylation reaction. But surprisingly the details of the glycosidic bond formation remain relatively poorly understood.Thus, highlighting this ion is a challenging task that could be useful to rationalize the stereochemical outcome of glycosylation reactions. Furthermore, the data associated with this ion could be exploited to improve the synthesis of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. Several research groups mainly based in the US and Japan are involved in the quest for the oxycarbenium ion using various approaches. In addition, the exceedingly short life of non-stabilized glycosyl cations in organic solution makes their delicate direct observation.The aim of the project presented in this report is based on the use two chemistries: glycochemistry and superacid and two analytical techniques by low-temperature NMR assisted by computational study to generate, identify and fully characterize the glycosyl cations. After generating transient species in superacid media, the long-lived intermediates as the known dioxalenium and oxazolinium ions are studied by in situ NMR. From peracetylated 2-deoxy and 2-bromoglucopyranose, the glycosyl cation is generated and deeply analysed for the first time in a condensed phase. NMR aided by complementary computations predicts the privileged three-dimensional structural for each intermediate. The trapping by even poor nucleophile further confirms the impact of the structure of the glycosyl cation on the stereochemical outcome
Tajouri, Tahar. "Approche des propriétés des chaines de POE greffées sur des silices par résonance magnétique nucléaire (RMN) : utilisation des techniques de rotation à l'angle magique et de l'écho "pseudo-solide"." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066637.
Full textGillet, Jean-Alain. "Etude par résonance magnétique nucléaire des oxydes supraconducteurs à haute température critique YBa2Cu3O(6+x)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10113.
Full textCollette, Floraine. "Vieillissement hygrothermique du Nafion." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00354847.
Full textL'évolution des propriétés mécaniques montre une augmentation du module d'Young et une diminution de l'allongement à la rupture tandis que l'hydrophilie (directement liée à la conductivité) mesurée par DVS (Dynamic Vapour Sorption) diminue. L'évolution de la structure chimique, suivie par spectroscopie infrarouge, met en évidence la formation d'anhydride sulfonique. Une preuve indirecte de la formation de cette espèce est apportée par la résonnance magnétique nucléaire.
Le mécanisme de dégradation proposé est celui de la condensation des acides sulfoniques pour former l'anhydride. L'évolution des propriétés s'explique à la lumière de ce mécanisme.
La comparaison du Nafion® 112 et du Nafion® 212-CS montre que le Nafion® 212-CS vieillit trois fois moins vite que le Nafion® 112. La catalyse de la réaction de condensation par les cations métalliques présents en plus grande quantité dans le Nafion® 212-CS est à l'origine de cette différence de cinétique de vieillissement observée.
D'autre part, les essais à différentes humidités montrent que lorsque le taux d'hygrométrie croît, la réaction de condensation est accélérée. On propose un mécanisme de dégradation ionique de type SN1 avec formation d'une espèce intermédiaire RSO2+.
Enfin, on montre qu'en présence de catalyseur, la réaction de condensation est réversible : il y a hydrolyse de l'anhydride conduisant à des propriétés recouvrées. Il y a rajeunissement de la membrane.
Charpentier, Thibault. "Résonance magnétique nucléaire haute-résolution sur les noyaux quadrupolaires dans les solides." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002505.
Full textVillard, Bérengère. "Contributions à l'étude expérimentale de l'hélium-3 liquide polarisé." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011770.
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