Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'RMN à champ cyclé'
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Ducroix, Alice. "Multi-scale dynamics of water inside boehmite : a NMR approach." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS575.pdf.
Full textFor several domains of chemistry, catalyst take up a significant place since they ensure a quicker reaction, a better selectivity and reduce the use of raw material. Industry has recently turned to heterogeneous catalyst whose recovery is easier. These catalysts consist of a porous support and active sites distributed on the surface through the support porosity. To fully optimized the support, recent studies have tackled the issue of accessibility of molecules to the reaction sites. This one includes the comprehension of solvent mobility and molecular traffic in the porous medium. The heterogeneous catalytic support par excellence is γ-alumina, obtained by a topotactic calcination of boehmite. Texture and porous properties are then mostly inherited from boehmite, especially from the organization of agglomerates and aggregates. This organization is mostly obtained during the kneading, (peptization) and the extrusion steps of the boehmite-to-alumina process. Transport and multi-scale dynamics inside boehmite will then be investigated during these two steps particularly how solvent molecules (here water) move inside this material and what mechanisms drive the dynamics . To study this dynamics, boehmite suspensions with different initial textures will be obtained through dialysis and osmotic stress and extrudates from the traditional industrial route. Transport around the interface of aggregates and pore walls (nanometric scale) will be studied by Field Cycling Nuclear Magnetic Resonance on a ns-µs time scale. Diffusion was followed at the surface of such objects and was found to be governed by a strong interaction with the surface and especially the surface curvature. A consequent residence time (≈ 8µs) of water molecules at the surface and a rather slow surface diffusion coefficient (< 3. 10-10 m2/s) was exhibited. At the micron scale, dynamics is investigated by Pulsed Field Gradient NMR on a millisecond to second time scale. Diffusion seems to be driven by the topological structure imposed by the complex organization of aggregates and agglomerates (connected pore, anisotropy, etc.)
Chanet, Nicolas. "Imagerie par résonance magnétique à champ cyclé in vivo." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS574/document.
Full textFast Field Cycling Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FFC-MRI) has the ability to separate two key processes that both depends on the main field intensity B0. On one hand, signal acquisition and localization and on the other hand NMR relaxation, basis of MRI contrast. The equipment thus combines a standard MR scanner with a secondary system to rapidly switch the magnetic field B0 as compared to relaxation times. FFC enables to measure the evolution of NMR relaxation as a function of magnetic field B0, namely the NMR dispersion (NMRD) profile. Combining it with MRI the NMRD profile can be localized in vivo, together with the usual characterization at fixed B0. The NMRD profile of water carries information on molecular mobility in the surrounding biological tissues, and is thus another source of contrast. The objective of this PhD project was to further develop and evaluate the potential of FFC-MRI between 1 T and 2 T in a cancer model. This work required original instrumental and methodological developments to integrate FFC in MRI. First a precise measurement of magnetic field time profile was developed, as well as the compensation of eddy currents and of irreproducible transients in the secondary system. Moreover acquisition sequences with better signal to noise efficiency and applicable for longitudinal as well as transverse relaxation were implemented. Finally a kidney tumor mouse model was explored with FFC MRI
Assemat, Gaëtan. "RMN haut champ et bas champ pour l'analyse de produits de santé." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30268/document.
Full textThe purpose of this research was to demonstrate the interest of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) to deal with analytical issues in the field of health products. The studies focused on two main axes. The first one targeted adulterated dietary supplements and the studies were conducted with high-field NMR. Various mono and bidimensional experiments revealed the illegal presence in dietary supplements claimed as natural, of erectile drugs and/or their structural analogues. These active substances can induce, without the consumer's knowledge, significant risks to his health. Moreover, analyses conducted with 1H and 13C NMR, highlighted cases of adulteration of dietary supplements for exercise and athletic performance with doping substances. The second axis explored the potential of low-field NMR for drug analysis. This technique, which is less expensive and more suitable for routine analyses than high-field NMR, has proved very effective in detecting cases of falsified medicines by simple one-dimensional 1H NMR experiments. Two-dimensional diffusion experiments (DOSY: Diffusion Ordered Spectroscopy), which provide virtual separation of the constituents of a complex mixture, were developed and applied for the first time to the de-formulation of a drug
Le, Bec Gaël. "Détection et traitement de signaux RMN en champ inhomogène." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00177759.
Full textSi le champ magnétique statique est inhomogène, l'excitation de l'échantillon et la réception du signal doivent être large bande. Plusieurs séquences d'excitation ont été étudiées, dans le cadre d'applications RMN portables. L'utilisation d'impulsions modulées en fréquence permet de minimiser la puissance instantanée émise par le système. Une modélisation des signaux d'échos de nutation permet d'évaluer l'effet des défauts de corrélation entre les champs statique et RF. A la réception, si la fréquence de résonance n'est pas stable (la polarisation des aimants varie avec la température), la représentation des signaux d'écho dans le plan temps-fréquence permet d'améliorer le rapport signal sur bruit.
Une solution permettant de générer deux champs magnétiques perpendiculaires et corrélés a été proposée. Cette solution, basée sur le théorème de rotation de l'aimantation, est valable pour des systèmes infiniment longs. L'influence des effets de bord et de plusieurs imperfections a été étudiée. Une sonde RMN portable a été construite ; cette sonde mesure 8x3x1.5 cm3. Des premiers signaux ont été obtenus avec cette sonde.
Enfin, un spectromètre RMN existant a été adapté à des application RMN portable. Des préamplificateurs ont été construits et un nouveau logiciel de commande, plus souple, a été développé. Ce spectromètre a permis d'obtenir des signaux RMN en champ magnétique inhomogène.
Maffei, Pablo Fabian. "Développements en microscopie RMN par gradients de champ radiofréquence." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10017.
Full textDang, Phuc Hung. "Développement d’aimant bas champ pour RMN Portable : Conception et construction." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0007/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the development of a magnet system for NMR applications with high homogeneity while maintaining the static magnetic field B0 as high as possible (100 ppm, 0.12T). Due to the application goals, the magnet dimensions are predefined as well as those of the region of interest according to the size of the used permanent magnets. Such system is dedicated to biomedical and agroalimentary applications. The goal of this research has been firstly, the discussion of parameters of magnetic materials which are essential to the construction of portable NMR magnets, and then the choice of the permanent magnet material the “NdFeB” that was explained. A compromise between the portability, price and the sensitivity has led to the design of a prototype of portable NMR magnet with a simple system of arrangement of 24 permanent magnets. The magnetic field and the homogeneity of the system were calculated and simulated by using ANSYS software and these results were correlated to those obtained by the Radia software. A new shim method has been used to increase the homogeneity and correct the field B0 imperfection. Based on these results, a prototype was realized. The results of the magnetic field strength and homogeneity obtained by measurements are in good correlation with the results obtained by simulation. Sufficient accuracy was reached to take into account and correct errors due to manufacturing tolerances of the magnets. Another magnet system based on Mandhalas configuration (Magnet Arrangement for Novel Discrete Halbach Layout) was studied. The comparison between two configurations made from circle and square magnets was performed by 2D simulation (using three criteria: mass, homogeneity and the magnetic field strength). The Mandhalas made from circle magnets give better results (0.32 T, 178 ppm). The 3D simulation was carried out to evaluate the total system. From these results, a passive shim system was also used in this case and the homogeneity significantly increases
Halidi, El Mohamed. "Études RMN et IRM en champ proche : développements et applications." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20261/document.
Full textThe principle of NMR is based on the detection of the magnetization originating from the spin of atomic nuclei such as 13C, 31P and 1H. The sample is placed in a static magnetic field, which polarizes the ensemble of spins and it is excited by radiofrequency pulses (wavelength about one meter), that tilt the axis of the magnetization. When the magnetization returns to equilibrium, it generates an electromagnetic field which is classically detected by a receiving antenna (coil with atuning/matching circuit) in inductive coupling.In this work, we propose the use of a micrometer-sized probe positioned in the vicinity of the object of interest, at a distance well shorter than the wavelength of the radiated NMR signal.Our microprobe presents innovative characteristics (i) a capacitive coupling (electric field component), (ii) reduced dimensions for an accurate positioning, which ensure the detection of NMR signal from the sample and (iii) it has a broadband, which allows use to detect any nuclei without being tuned to the Larmor frequency.To introduce you this new alternative, the tools necessary to the understanding of this work, in this case the principle of NMR/MRI and an introduction of the theory of the electric near field are given initially.We made also a state of the art of existing methods and techniques for measuring the NMR signal to identify the benefits that such a system (method : capacitive coupling and device : microprobe near field) can bring to the NMR technique.Then, we have characterized our microprobe to enhance its localized detection due to its small size (127 μm in diameter and 2mm in length). In this stage of characterization, we demonstrated that the NMR signal recovered by our antenna can be described by the electric near field expression :E(x, z) = A(Kz ) exp(i(z/L)) exp(−x/L) +Propagative TermFinally, we applied our system to make NMR studies such as spectroscopy, the relaxometry and NMR Imaging. We have outlined some potential projects to the continuity of this work
Stout, Jacques. "Spectroscopie et Imagerie RMN multi-noyaux à très haut champ magnétique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS312/document.
Full textBipolar disorder is a chronic affective disorder affecting 1 to 3% of the adult population worldwide and has a high level of comorbidity with suicide rates, substance abuse and other harmful conditions. The disorder has possible ties to schizophrenia and has been observed to have a strong genetic component. The exact biological underpinnings have not been firmly established, however abnormalities in limbic subcortical and prefrontal areas have been observed.Ever since its discovery more than half a century ago, a daily intake of Lithium salts has arguably become the most reliable treatment of the disorder, despite us possessing little to no understanding of its biochemical action. In order to shed some light on the effect of Lithium in the brain, we have developed Lithium-7 MR imaging at 7 and 17 Tesla in order to assess its cerebral concentration and distribution. Specifically, I worked on developing and validating several acquisition, reconstruction and quantification methods dedicated to 7Li MRI and MRS. Those methods were first applied to study ex vivo the cerebral distribution of lithium in rats. These rats were pretreated for 28 days with Li2CO3, sacrificed and their head fixated with PFA. Using a home-made 1H/7Li radiofrequency surface coil and a 7Li Turbo Spin echo acquisition and a modified phantom replacement method for quantification, we were able to measure Li concentration maps. Regional Li concentration values were then compared with those obtained with mass spectrometry.After this preclinical proof-of-concept study, an in vivo 7Li MRI protocol was designed to map the cerebral Li concentration in euthymic bipolar subjects at 7T. These individuals all followed a regular lithium treatment. For this study, we chose to use an ultra-short echo-time Steady State Free Precession sequence with non-Cartesian k-space sampling. A quantification and analysis pipeline similar to the one used for our preclinical study was applied for this study, with the addition of a correction step for B0 inhomogeneities. After conducting a statistical analysis at the cohort level, it was assessed that the left hippocampus, a major part of the limbic system that has been associated with BD on multiple occasions, exhibited systematically a high level of lithium. Finally, I developed a quantification method accounting for the different relaxation times of 7Li in the CSF and in the brain parenchyma. This method was applied to image lithium at 7T in a subset of bipolar patients reducing drastically the differences initially observed between the SSFP and bSSFP sequences
Dillmann, Baudouin. "Analyse du champ électromagnétique dans les bobines des sondes de HR-MAS utilisées pour la RMN à haut-champ." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00207457.
Full textNguyen, Valérie. "Système de création de champ magnétique homogène à aimants ferrites pour l’imagerie RMN." Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0120.
Full textAkel, Mohamad. "Étude des micro/nano sondes pour la Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire (RMN)." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00997531.
Full textVignaud, Alexandre. "Influence de l'intensité du champ magnétique sur l'imagerie RMN des poumons à l'aide d'hélium-3 hyperpolarisé." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003668.
Full textLamrous, Omar. "Contribution à l'étude des matériaux par spectro-imagerie RMN : limites et influence des gradients de champ." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30226.
Full textBordelois, Boizán Alejandro. "Développements de méthodes d'acquisition et de traitement du signal robustes aux défauts du champ magnétique pour la spectroscopie localisée par RMN." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00914306.
Full textBarthelemy, Laurence. "Etude des ramifications dans les homopolymères et les copolymères de l'éthylène par RMN du 13C à haut champ." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066060.
Full textMutzenhardt, Pierre. "Traitement du signal de précession libre par prédiction linéaire et spectroscopie par gradients de champ radiofréquence en RMN." Nancy 1, 1993. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1993_0356_MUTZENHARDT.pdf.
Full textRUGRAFF, YANNICK. "Nouvelle approche pour le traitement du signal rmn bas champ etude quantitative de l'amidon et de ses gels." Nantes, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NANT2062.
Full textWurm, Martin. "Nouvelle expérience de résonance magnétique nucléaire (RMN) à bas champ et très basse température détectée par un SQUID." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10061.
Full textDesvaux, Hervé. "Exploration de nouvelles méthodes de RMN pour les études structurales et dynamiques dans les liquides." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066069.
Full textAimo, Francesco. "Nouveaux états quantiques induits sous champ : étude microscopique par résonance magnétique nucléaire de l'azurite." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00576286.
Full textMischler, Éric. "Système informatique pour la génération de séquences RMN : application aux mesures d'auto-diffusion translationnelle par gradients de champ radiofréquence." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10318.
Full textKhandar-Shahabad, Abdollali. "Étude par résonance magnétique nucléaire de la dynamique du directeur des nématiques en rotation dans un champ magnétique." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112247.
Full textAndreev, Andrey. "Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire du 59Co en champ interne, application aux catalyseurs et à des structures similaires." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066371/document.
Full textThis manuscript is devoted to the study of different catalysis-related materials by Internal Field 59Co Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (IF-NMR). The principles of IF-NMR are stated, based on the Bloch model, which gives a good insight into the internal field NMR mechanism. Further, a short description of the possible range of materials than can be studied by IF-NMR is provided with a particular emphasis on Co Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalysts. The study of a model sample used to assess our understanding of IF-NMR spectra is included. This model is based on separating the structural (fcc, hcp, and sfs) and magnetic (domains, domain walls, and single-domain particles) contributions. Our experimental work uncovers the thermal stability of small Co nanoparticles probed in situ by IF-NMR. Co(0) supported on β-SiC is studied within the 300-850 K temperature range. The line position and width are mainly determined by magnetic properties, whereas the absolute and relative NMR intensities give crucial information regarding the Co particle stability. A study of Fischer-Tropsch catalysts synthesized by non-conventional co-precipitation routes on different modified aluminum oxides is presented. The IF-NMR application to Co-Al-O ceramic materials provided unique information on the metallic cermet part of the sample. The structure and stabilization of different size Co(0) nanoparticles on multi-walled carbon nanotubes have been studied. These hybrid structures were examined by IF-NMR, HRTEM, and in situ synchrotron XRD, which provide crucial information on Co particles reduction, stability and structures
Asfour, Aktham. "Traitement numérique des signaux et identification de systèmes RMN ; Conception et développement d'un imageur pour l'IRM dédiée à bas champ." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00473212.
Full textLAURENT, WILFRIED. "Determination des composantes structurales du muscle par imagerie rmn a haut champ : mise en correspondance avec l'image ultrasonore (doctorat : genie informatique)." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CLF1MM05.
Full textZaaraoui, Wafaa. "Développements méthodologiques en imagerie et en spectrométrie RMN à haut champ magnétique : du cerveau de la souris à celui de l'homme." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21444.
Full textThis work was designed to implement several NMR methodological developments to study the human and the mouse brain in vivo. In the first study, magnetization transfer imaging and localized MR spectroscopy were set up at 9,4 T. These techniques were used to analyze an animal model of demyelinisation and remyelinisation. The MR results were verified by histological examinations. The magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) was found to be a relevant sensitive marker of myelin content changes. A surrogate metabolic marker of these phenomena was not yet identified. The second study was devised to determine the transverse relaxation time T2 of human brain metabolites at 3 T. An optimized two-point method for the least error per given experimental time was proposed. This method was combined to a three-dimensional MR spectroscopic sequence to examine, within 1 hour, 320 voxels at 1 cm3 spatial resolution. T2 of NAA, cretatine and choline were assessed for different brain structures. To our knowledge, these values were obtained for the first time at 3 T with this spatial resolution, coverage and precision. These results are essential for reliable absolute metabolic quantification
DALLERY, LAURENCE. "Etude stereochimique et conformationnelle par rmn a haut champ de steroides de la famille des oestrogenes fonctionnalises en position 9 ou 12." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066061.
Full textMillot, Yannick. "Nouvelles applications des noyaux quadrupolaires en rmn : - gradient de champ electrique dans la zeolithe y ; - dynamique des spins : precession, nutation et rotation." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066168.
Full textAdem, Ziad. "Etude de la diffusion des hydrocarbures dans des matériaux à porosité contrôlée par RMN à gradients de champs pulsés (PFG)." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066001.
Full textMalveau, Cédric. "Microscopie RMN en phases liquide et solide par gradients de champ radiofréquenceApplication au PolyEthylène haute densité : structure du matériau et diffusion de solvant." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10062.
Full textWu, Nao. "RMN à bas champ pour le contrôle qualité et la détection de fraudes : applications à l'analyse de compléments alimentaires et de e-liquides." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30044.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis was to explore the ability and limitation of benchtop low-field (LF) NMR for quality control and fraud detection in commercial products. The studies focused on three applications. First, LF NMR was used to classify the cinnamon species in cinnamon culinary products and dietary supplements. LF NMR spectra allow the typical signals detection and the LF NMR data combined with chemometric analysis was further explored to classify cinnamon species and predict the content of hepatotoxic coumarin in products. Second, we applied LF NMR to screen batch of slimming dietary supplements, signals of synthetic adulterants can be effectively detected and the application of PLS-DA allowed the rapid discrimination of samples with adulterants. The last research evaluated the efficiency of LF NMR for quality control of smoking e-liquids. Proton NMR was explored to detect typical signals of synthetic cannabinoids (SC). Finally, fluorine-19 NMR, a selective analytical method was developed to identify and further quantify fluorinated SC in e-liquid
Raulet, Renaud. "Conception et réalisation d'un système original de gestion d'un spectromètre RMN : application à des mesures de relaxation croisée hétéronucléaire et à des expériences d'imagerie par gradients de champ radiofréquence." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10270.
Full textFerroud-Plattet, Marie-Pierre. "Etude de la polarisation dynamique en champ faible de radicaux libres en solution : application à la magnétométrie Raman." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10034.
Full textVan, Landeghem Maxime. "Détermination de la distribution locale d'eau dans un mortier par IRM in-situ et ex-situ : application à la compréhension de phénomène de séchage." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00665398.
Full textPitoux, Daisy. "Développement de nouvelles expériences de corrélation en RMN haute-résolution mettant en œuvre un encodage spatial fréquentiel de l'échantillon." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112106/document.
Full textMost of the developments that have been made during the last years in the field of fast NMR have allowed for considerably accelerating the acquisition of multidimensional experiments. However, the analysis of proton-proton spin interactions, which are very important structural probes in molecules, still constitutes a tedious and time-consuming analytical process for most of the chemists. One reason is the complexity and the high number of homonuclear couplings that contribute to the overall lineshape in proton spectra, even for small or medium-sized compounds. It is thus nowadays very difficult to optimize both the resolution of correlation spectra, and the experimental time needed to acquire them, using state of the art high resolution methods. This thesis project aimed at developing a novel and general approach based on a spatial frequency encoding of the NMR sample in order to simplify and thus to accelerate the analysis of complex molecular systems. Spatial frequency encoding consists in controlling selectively spin evolutions in localized regions of the sample, and in combining them into high resolution experiments whose analytical content is easily accessible. In a first part, the theory of spatial frequency encoding is presented. A general method for simulating the encoded NMR signal is introduced, and it is applied to describe the localized selective excitation process of a model spin system, from the analysis of a single spin coherence, to the reconstruction of the whole NMR spectrum encoded throughout the sample. The magnetic field dependence of the slice selection process, as well as the overall sensitivity is also addressed through this simulation tool. In a second part, two methodological developments are presented. Firstly, the PCR-COSY experiment gives access, in a single spectrum, to a fully edited and assignable measurement of all the proton-proton scalar couplings in a given molecule. Secondly, the push-G-SERF experiment allows for measuring all the couplings involving a selected proton on correlations showing a J-resolved and a -resolved structure in the indirect and direct domain of the resulting 2D spectrum, respectively. In a third part, high-resolution experiments based on a spatial frequency encoding of the sample are applied to the conformational analysis of a synthetic saccharide. First, advantages and drawbacks of an implementation of spatial frequency encoded techniques at very high field are discussed. Then, a conformational analysis strategy based on J-edited spectroscopy is introduced, and successfully applied to the study of this oligosaccharide
Fagot-Revurat, Yannick. "Étude par résonance magnétique nucléaire en champ magnétique intense du composé Spin-Peierls CuGeO3." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10003.
Full textLe, Feunteun Steven. "Diffusion de sondes moléculaires mesurée par RMN à gradient de champ pulsé : Application à l'étude de l'évolution de la structure des systèmes caséiques au cours de la formation des gels." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00347002.
Full textUne première partie de ce travail a permis d'étudier la diffusion de sondes de taille variable, des polyéthylèneglycols (PEGs), dans des gels de caséines ayant différentes structures. Les variations des coefficients de diffusion ont été reliées à la porosité du réseau. Dans un second temps, ces résultats ont été complétés par la mesure en continu de la diffusion de sondes par RMN au cours de la formation des gels de caséines. Deux tailles de PEG ont été sélectionnées et leur diffusion a été mesurée au cours des procédés de coagulation présure, acide et mixte. L'évolution de la diffusion de la sonde de petite taille a été reliée aux modifications de structure et de porosité des agrégats micellaires, tandis que la diffusion du PEG de plus grande taille a été expliquée par la porosité du réseau. La confrontation de ces résultats avec des mesures rhéologiques et des images de microscopie électronique à balayage a permis de mettre en évidence les potentialités de la technique RMN à gradient de champ pulsé pour étudier les microstructures des matrices caséiques à différentes échelles.
Goutailler, Florent. "Polarisation dynamique nucléaire a basse température et fort champ magnétique pour des applications biomédicales en imagerie spectroscopique par résonance magnétique." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00684287.
Full textLlor, Antoine. "Résonance nucléaire en champ nul : réalisation d'un spectromètre, évaluation de la méthode pour les études structurales." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112502.
Full textKadjo, Aziz. "Micro-capteurs implantables : étude des critères de performance en vue de l'optimisation des acquisitions par spectroscopie RMN in vivo." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10179.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to evaluate the micro-coil performance, in spectroscopy in vivo and provide any improvements, while respecting the constraints in terms of obstruction and biocompatibility imposed by applications on brain of animal models. Therefore, this work had also to assess the sensitivity understanding of these particular micro-sensors, a notion that has not yet been explored. This document is organized into five chapters: the first one is an "overview" of state of art techniques and a reminder of the work already done in terms of production and in relation to different metabolite "targets". Chapter II presents the instrumental developments undertaken to improve the detection: optimization of adaptation in power and noise matching at the spectrometer input, were also taken into account. The difficulty of maintaining the animal model in a reduced space is solved by providing different configurations of remote settings. The introduction of a low-noise preamplifier is also studied and implemented. The important question of the limit of detection is approached from a theoretical point of view in Chapter III. The interest of this analysis is to assess the performance of micro-coil, we will point out that this new concept enables to describe a spectroscopy facility (sensor associated with a spectrometer for a given experiment). A study of enhancement of the limit of detection by the apodization technique will be addressed and validated on spectroscopy acquisitions. Chapter IV is an implementation in the first part, through modelling, to discuss changes in the limit of detection for some structural changes (size and positioning of the micro-coil). In the second part, an implementation of the limit of detection through spectroscopic experiments will be presented in order to compare the performance of existing coils: a commercial coil and a micro-coil. The biocompatibility of implantable micro-coil treated in Chapter V. The completion of this study was carried out upstream of the theoretical and instrumental aspects in chapter III and IV and that helped their development with a more pragmatic approach
Goutailler, Florent. "Polarisation dynamique nucléaire à basse température et fort champ magnétique pour des applications biomédicales en imagerie spectroscopique par résonance magnétique." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00672305.
Full textColin, Claire. "Coexistence de phase dans le composé moléculaire quasi-unidimensionnel (TMTSF)2ReO4." Paris 6, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011958.
Full textRodts, Stéphane. "Etude du passage micro-macro pour le transport par diffusion en milieu poreux. Application aux expériences de RMN-GCP." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005684.
Full text1) Observer et identifier les mécanismes physiques via lesquels, dans les matériaux poreux homogènes, les lois microscopiques du transport par diffusion induisent généralement des lois de transport effectives macroscopiques très simples, quelque soit la complexité du réseaux poreux sous jacent.
2) Contribuer à développer le cadre d'interprétation des expériences RMN de Gradient de Champ Pulsé (GCP) pour la mesure de l'autodiffusion dans les fluides confinés dans les systèmes poreux.
Nous étudions le cas académique de la diffusion Fickienne sans adsorption. Nous observons le transport à échelle de longueur fixée, en suivant la cinétique avec laquelle "s'affaisse" par diffusion l'amplitude G(q,t) de "profils de concentration sinusoïdaux" de vecteur d'onde q variable. Vis à vis de la RMN cette approche revient à étudier le propagateur de diffusion G(q,t) - grandeur mesurée par l'expérience - de manière non traditionnelle, c'est à dire, à q fixé en fonction du temps t. A q donné, 3 régimes de temps sont mis en évidence : un régime de temps court de diffusion non confinée, un régime de temps intermédiaire renseignant sur la diffusion à l'échelle de longueur 2pi/q, et un régime de temps long sensible à la "dimensionnalité" de l'espace poral.
Nous caractérisons la cinétique d'affaissement aux temps intermédiaires par un coefficient e diffusion D(q). Son étude théorique et expérimentale en fonction de q dans des systèmes périodiques et/ou désordonnés simples fait apparaître clairement trois phénomènes lors du passage micro-macro : une première interaction avec l'interface, une différentiation brutale du rôle des différents pores, puis une diffusion anormale due à cette différentialité, susceptible de perdurer aux échelles macroscopiques, et suivie par un retour au régime "Fickien".
Une expérience macroscopique de traceur est enfin proposée et développée pour observer ces phénomènes de diffusion anormale dans quelques systèmes modèles.
Labbe, Aimé. "Développement d'antennes supraconductrices basées sur les réseaux de SQUID pour la résonance magnétique nucléaire à champ faible." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0166/document.
Full textMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a modality that offers good contrasts and good spatial resolution, but suffers from a significant sensitivity problem. To address this issue, the current paradigm is to increase the magnetic field of MRI magnets. However, this leads to an explosion of costs and to increased constraints on patients. The approach we present is radically different: it involves working in a weak field. As conventional antennas are not sensitive enough to collect the signal, the idea is to use SQIF. These are a new ultra sensitive superconducting antenna technology based on SQUID networks. The project aims to optimize SQIF technology and adapt it to measure an NMR signal in a 0.2~T magnet.To do this, we developed and studied the performance of new SQIF antenna architectures in order to define the geometry most suitable for NMR. We also sought to better understand how the context of use of these new antennas could influence their performance. The best performing antennas set had a transfer factor of 8.4~kVperT and a detection threshold of 190~fTperHz. It was also observed that the presence of a magnetic field during the cooling of these superconducting sensors degraded their response, a phenomenon to be accounted for in NMR.The Super-QIF Demonstrator incorporating a SQIF in the 0.2~T MRI was designed considering the geometric constraints and the magnetic environment. After its assembly, the temperature of the cryostat was 50~K, therefore sufficient for the proper operation of SQIF. The first tests showed that the system presence did not disturb the NMR signal.The demonstrator is still under development and is expected to measure an NMR signal in the forthcoming months. In the long term, this work paves the way for applications of SQIF in Earth's field MRI
Dambournet, Damien. "Sur de nouveaux composes hydroxyfluores nanostructures à base d'aluminium : synthèses, structures & propriétés acides (Lewis/Bronsted)." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00994425.
Full textPerrin, Jean-Christophe. "Etude expérimentale multi-échelles de la dynamique de l'eau dans les membranes ionomères utilisées en pile à combustible." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00115418.
Full textVillard, Bérengère. "Contributions à l'étude expérimentale de l'hélium-3 liquide polarisé." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011770.
Full textScussat, Simone. "Identification des marqueurs repérables par des capteurs spectroscopiques et significatifs des étapes clefs de la cuisson de viande et poisson." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS014.
Full textOne of the purposes of the Opticook project is to install spectroscopic sensors in ovens, so equipping them with non intrusive tools allowing following cooking process of meat and fish. The hypothesis on which sensors were developed was: are muscular proteins proper probes to discriminate among several cooking degrees? Thus, at the beginning of the project several tools were used to characterise effect of several cooking degrees on macroscopic properties (texture and colour) of beef, chicken and cod fillet samples. Following, calorimetry and spectroscopic techniques were used to study transformations at molecular scale. In particular, visible spectroscopy followed denaturation of haemproteins observing their evolution from oxy to met state. Colour change was observed between 50 and 75 °C. Middle infrared and fluorescence spectroscopies were used to observe evolution of fibrillar proteins which are associated with meat texture changes. One of myofibrils, myosin, was purified from chicken breast and was studied depending on temperature by fluorescence spectroscopy. Observations showed evolution of protein structure occurred around 50 °C. At microscopic scale, low field NMR (spin echo and gradient field configurations) and neutron tomography were used to observe morphology changes and juice release on beef samples according to cooking degree. 3D image analysis and NMR data showed morphology and fibre density changes at high temperature.We associated the two approaches (molecular and microscopic) in the last part of the research. So coupled measures were realised by combining neutron imaging and spectroscopy techniques during cooking process on beef slices by Opticook oven. Coupled measures allowed following morphology evolution because of fibre contractions, juice migration and colour modification as well associated to haemprotein denaturation. In conclusion, it is possible to follow cooking process of meat and fish by following several spectroscopic signatures (fluorescence and visible ones) of matrix own probes: myosin, collage and haemproteins
Piegay, Nathalie. "DYNAMIQUE DE L'AIMANTATION DANS LES SOLUTIONS HELIUM3-HELIUM4 HYPERPOLARISEES." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003086.
Full textLang, Humblot Karine. "Etude et réalisation d'un magnétomètre à résonance magnétique nucléaire à polarisation dynamique pour les applications en forage pétrolier." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10023.
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