Journal articles: 'RMAA'

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K.H. Hon, Carol, Jimmie Hinze, and Albert P.C. Chan. "Safety climate and injury occurrence of repair, maintenance, minor alteration and addition works." Facilities 32, no. 5/6 (April 1, 2014): 188–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-09-2011-0066.

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Purpose – The repair, maintenance, minor alteration and addition (RMAA) sector has been expanding in many developed cities. Safety problems of the RMAA sector have attracted the attention of many governments. This study has the objectives of comparing the level of safety climate of workers, supervisors and managers in the RMAA sector; and explaining/predicting the impact of safety climate on injury occurrence of workers, supervisors and managers. Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire survey was administered to RMAA contracting companies in Hong Kong. Findings – When comparing the safety climate perception of workers, supervisors and managers in the RMAA sector, the supervisors group had the lowest mean safety climate score. Results showed that a positive workforce safety attitude and acceptance of safety rules and regulations reduced the workers' likelihood of having injuries. A reasonable production schedule led to a lower probability of supervisors being injured. Management commitment and effective safety management reduced the probability of managers being injured. Originality/value – This study revealed variations of safety climate at the different levels in the organizational hierarchy and their varying influence on safety performance of the RMAA sector. Safety of RMAA works could be improved by promulgating specific safety measures at the different hierarchy levels.

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Reiss, Stacey, Marie Claude Chouinard, Dasha Frias Landa, Ravindra Nanda, Taranpreet Chandhoke, Takanori Sobue, Veerasathpurush Allareddy, Chia-Ling Kuo, Jinjian Mu, and Flavio Uribe. "Biomarkers of orthodontic tooth movement with fixed appliances and vibration appliance therapy: a pilot study." European Journal of Orthodontics 42, no. 4 (June 23, 2020): 378–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjaa026.

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Summary Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of supplemental vibratory force on biomarkers of bone remodelling during orthodontic tooth movement, the rate of mandibular anterior alignment (RMAA), and compliance with a vibration device. Design, settings, and participants Forty patients between the ages 15–35 undergoing fixed appliance treatment that presented to a university orthodontic clinic were randomly allocated to supplemental use of an intraoral vibrational device (n = 20, AcceleDent®) or fixed appliance only (n = 20). Salivary multiplex assay was completed to analyse the concentration of selected biomarkers of bone remodelling before treatment (T0) and at three following time points (T1, T2, T3), 4–6 weeks apart. Irregularity of the mandibular anterior teeth and compliance was assessed at the same trial time points. Data were analysed blindly on an intention-to-treat basis with descriptive statistics, Mann–Whitney U-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and linear mixed effects regression modelling. Results No difference in the changes in salivary biomarkers of bone remodelling and RMAA between groups at any time point over the trial duration was observed. No correlation was found between changes in irregularity and biomarker level from baseline to another time point. Lastly, there was no association between RMAA and compliance with the AcceleDent® device. Conclusions Supplemental vibratory force during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances does not affect biomarkers of bone remodelling or the RMAA. Limitations The main limitation of the study was the small sample size and the large variability in the salivary biomarkers. Harms No harms were observed during the duration of the trial. Protocol The protocol was not published prior to trial commencement. Registration The study was registered in Clinical Trials.gov (NCT02119455) first posted on April 2014.

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Chan, Albert, Francis Wong, Carol Hon, and Tracy Choi. "A Bayesian Network Model for Reducing Accident Rates of Electrical and Mechanical (E&M) Work." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11 (November 8, 2018): 2496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112496.

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Accidents in Repair, Maintenance, Alteration, and Addition (RMAA) work have become a growing concern, in recent years. The repair and maintenance works of electrical and mechanical (E&M) installations involves a variety of trades, a large number of practitioners and a series of high-risk activities. The uniqueness of E&M work, in the RMAA sector, requires a discrete and specific research to improve its safety performance. Understanding the causal relationships between safety factors and the number of accidents becomes crucial to develop a more effective safety management strategy. The Bayesian Network (BN) model is proposed to establish a probabilistic relational network between the causal factors, including both safety climate factors and personal experience factors that have influences on the number of accidents related to E&M RMAA work. The data were collected using a survey questionnaire, involving a hundred and fifty-five E&M practitioners. The BN results demonstrated that safety attitude and safety procedures were the most important factors to reduce the number of accidents. The proposed BN provides the ability to find out the most effective strategy with the best utilization of resources, to reduce the chance of a high number of E&M accidents, by controlling a single factor or simultaneously controlling, both, the safety climate and personal factors, to improve safety performance.

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Hon, Carol K. H., Albert P. C. Chan, and Daniel W. M. Chan. "Strategies for improving safety performance of repair, maintenance, minor alteration and addition (RMAA) works." Facilities 29, no. 13/14 (October 18, 2011): 591–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02632771111178391.

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Hon, Carol K. H., Albert P. C. Chan, and Michael C. H. Yam. "Relationships between safety climate and safety performance of building repair, maintenance, minor alteration, and addition (RMAA) works." Safety Science 65 (June 2014): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2013.12.012.

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Lee, Keum-Chan, Young-Sam Yoon, and Nam-Joo Lee. "Prediction of Water-Quality Enhancement Effects of Gates Operation in the West-Nakdong River Using RMA2/RMA4 Models." Journal of the Environmental Sciences 18, no. 9 (September 30, 2009): 971–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5322/jes.2009.18.9.971.

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Hon, Carol, and Yulin Liu. "Exploring Typical and Atypical Safety Climate Perceptions of Practitioners in the Repair, Maintenance, Minor Alteration and Addition (RMAA) Sector in Hong Kong." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13, no. 10 (September 22, 2016): 935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13100935.

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Li, Lin Lu, Wen Rui Huang, Shu Guang Liu, Xiao Li Liu, Xin Yu Hu, and Fei Teng. "Two Dimensional Hydrodynamic and Pollutant Transport Modeling of Jiangyin-Xuliujing Reach of Yangtze Estuary." Advanced Materials Research 663 (February 2013): 999–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.663.999.

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A 2-dimensional hydrodynamic model (RMA2 model) was applied to simulate currents and potential pollutant transport in Jiangyin-Xuliujing reach of Yangtze estuary. The result was compared and validated with a validated 3D model (Delft3D Model). The results indicate that the RMA2 model can achieve the requirements of reproducing and predicting the tidal flow and water levels. Based on RMA2 model simulations, a pollutant transport model (RMA4 model) was established to simulate the transport process of potential pollutant discharge from a sewage treatment plant for risk analysis. This linked hydrodynamic and pollutant transport model can provide the valuable scientific supports for future study of water quality in the Yangtze estuary.

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Duval, Henri, Cyril Van Ghelder, Ulysse Portier, Carole Confolent, Pablo Meza, and Daniel Esmenjaud. "New Data Completing the Spectrum of the Ma, RMia, and RMja Genes for Resistance to Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in Prunus." Phytopathology® 109, no. 4 (April 2019): 615–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-05-18-0173-r.

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Root-knot nematodes (RKN) (Meloidogyne spp.) are worldwide pests that affect a considerable number of plants, among which stone fruit (Prunus spp.) are severely attacked. Prevalent RKN species are Meloidogyne arenaria, M. incognita, and M. javanica in stone fruit but the emergent M. ethiopica and M. enterolobii are also reported to challenge perennial crops. In Prunus spp., the complete-spectrum resistance (R) gene Ma from plum and the more restricted-spectrum R genes RMia from peach and RMja from almond completely inhibit nematode multiplication and gall formation of the RKN species that they control. This study aimed to update the resistance spectra of these three major genes by evaluating their activity toward one isolate of the yet-untested RKN species mentioned above. To state whether a given gene controls a particular species, the principle of our experiment was to genotype with appropriate markers a number of individuals segregating for this gene and then to phenotype these individuals. A perfect matching of the genotype and the phenotype of individuals indicates that the gene of interest is active against and, thus, controls the corresponding isolate of this RKN species. Segregating materials used were an Ma F1 plum progeny, an RMia F2 peach progeny, and an RMja F2 almond progeny. In addition to previous data, our results establish a clear spectrum for each of the three genes toward isolates from both the three prevalent species and the two emerging species. Ultimately, our results reveal that (i) Ma controls all of them, (ii) RMja controls all species except M. incognita and M. floridensis, and (iii) RMia controls M. arenaria, M. incognita, and M. ethiopica but not M. javanica or M. enterolobii. Our data should have wide implications for RKN resistance management and breeding and for deciphering the molecular mechanisms of the spectrum of RKN R genes.

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Chan, Albert P. C., Francis K. W. Wong, Carol K. H. Hon, and Tracy N. Y. Choi. "Construction of a Bayesian network model for improving the safety performance of electrical and mechanical (E&M) works in repair, maintenance, alteration and addition (RMAA) projects." Safety Science 131 (November 2020): 104893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104893.

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Tostoes, Ana. "La permanente experimentación en Álvaro Siza." EN BLANCO. Revista de Arquitectura, no. 1 (April 17, 2008): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/eb.2008.7284.

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<p>Álvaro Siza (1933) es el arquitecto portugués más importante de su generación. Así lo afi rmaba Peter Testa en 1984, en la introducción de su libro dedicado a la obra de Álvaro Siza. Hoy, pasados ya casi 25 años, podemos afi rmar sin miedo a exagerar que Álvaro Siza es sencillamente uno de los arquitectos más importantes de nuestra contemporaneidad. Con trabajos realizados desde Corea a Santiago de Compostela, desde Porto Alegre a La Haya o Berlín, Siza ha construido un recorrido único, aliando una actitud de permanente experimentación sobre los sitios, los programas o los modos de construir, a una extraordinaria capacidad lírica.</p>

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Branch, W. D., T. B. Brenneman, and J. P. Noe. "Evidence for a Second RKN Resistance Gene in Peanut." Peanut Science 43, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/0095-3679-43.1.49.

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ABSTRACT Root-knot nematode (RKN), [Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood race 1] can result in highly significant yield losses in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production. Fortunately, very high levels of RKN nematode resistance have been identified and incorporated from wild species into newly developed peanut cultivars. In 2011-12 at Tifton, GA, a field site was artificially inoculated with M. arenaria race 1. A susceptible cultivar was used to uniformly increase the peanut-specific race 1 nematode population during the summer and fall; whereas, hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) was used for the same purpose each winter as a susceptible cover crop. During 2013 and 2014, space-planted F2 and F3 populations from cross combinations involving A. hypogaea susceptible × resistant parental lines derived from ‘COAN’ were evaluated, respectively. Several past inheritance studies had suggested a single dominant gene, Rma, controlled the resistance. However in this study, the occurrence of a second recessive gene (rma2) was also found to be involved in very high peanut RKN resistance. Inheritance data fit a 13:3 genetic model and confirmed an earlier report for two RKN-resistance genes (Rma1 and rma2) found in TxAG-6 and now COAN.

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Cho, Yong-Sik. "Improvement of Water Quality at Dongbin Harbor with Construction of an Inland Canal, Korea." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/721395.

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The behaviors of the water body of Dongbin Harbor located at Pohang City, Gyongpook Province, in Korea were numerically simulated in this study. A canal was planned to connect the harbor and the Hyeongsan River to improve water quality inside the harbor. The current system was first simulated by using a commercial program RMA2, with respect to both tidal currents and river flow. The progress inside the harbor from a supply of fresh water from the Hyeongsan River was then predicted by using RMA4. Both the present and future conditions (before and after construction of an inland canal) were taken into consideration in numerical simulations. It is concluded that the water quality inside the harbor can be improved considerably after construction of the canal.

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Vats, Hitender, and Ranjeet Singh Tomar. "RMAC." International Journal of E-Health and Medical Communications 12, no. 2 (July 2021): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijehmc.2021030105.

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One knows that smart transport is also an integrated part of healthcare technologies. To minimize the pollution for benefiting the healthcare, the traffic throughput on roundabout intersection has to be increased which will reduce wasted time and will also enhance passenger comfort. This paper presents a new approach by use of cooperative vehicular control utilizing VANET without compromising the safety of vehicles. This intersection side unit (ISU)-based system use lane change mechanism. The modular use of lane with lane change in newly designed protocol CARA (collision avoidance at roundabout algorithm) will greatly enhance the capacity utilization of roundabout. A new simulator ‘RoundSim' was also developed exclusively for simulation in roundabout. A new MAC protocol RMAC (roundabout MAC) is also designed which will suit the roundabout management utilizing lane change to minimize sudden jerk to passengers, thus enhancing healthcare of people. This RMAC utilizes message set with different prioritization scheme which results in better utilization of allotted frequency spectrum.

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Hsu, Chun-Ru, Tzu-Lung Lin, You-Ci Chen, Huei-Chi Chou, and Jin-Town Wang. "The role of Klebsiella pneumoniae rmpA in capsular polysaccharide synthesis and virulence revisited." Microbiology 157, no. 12 (December 1, 2011): 3446–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.050336-0.

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Klebsiella pneumoniae community-acquired pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) is an emerging infectious disease. The rmpA gene (for regulator of mucoid phenotype A) has been reported to be associated with PLA in prevalence studies. NTUH-K2044, a K1 PLA isolate, carries three rmpA/A2 genes: two large-plasmid-carried genes (p-rmpA and p-rmpA2) and one chromosomal gene (c-rmpA). In this study, we re-examined the role of rmpA/A2 in PLA pathogenesis to clarify the relationship of rmpA/A2 and capsular serotype to virulence. Using isogenic gene deletion strains and complemented strains of NTUH-K2044, we demonstrated that only p-rmpA enhanced expression of capsular polysaccharide synthesis (cps) genes and capsule production. Nevertheless, the lethal dose and in vivo competitive index indicated that p-rmpA does not promote virulence in mice. The prevalence of these three rmpA/A2 and capsular types in 206 strains was investigated. This revealed a correlation of rmpA/A2 with six PLA-related capsular types (K1, K2, K5, K54, K57 and KN1). However, the correlation of rmpA/A2 with K1 strains from the West was less obvious than with the strains from Asia (17/22 vs 39/39, P = 0.0019). Among the three rmpA/A2 genes, p-rmpA was the most prevalent. Due to the strong correlation with PLA-related capsular types, p-rmpA could serve as a surrogate marker for PLA. We found an association of p-rmpA with three widely spaced loci in a large plasmid (30/32). Therefore, rmpA could be co-inherited together with virulence genes carried by this plasmid.

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Cheng, H. Y., Y. S. Chen, C. Y. Wu, H. Y. Chang, Y. C. Lai, and H. L. Peng. "RmpA Regulation of Capsular Polysaccharide Biosynthesis in Klebsiella pneumoniae CG43." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 12 (April 9, 2010): 3144–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00031-10.

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ABSTRACT Sequence analysis of the large virulence plasmid pLVPK in Klebsiella pneumoniae CG43 revealed the presence of another mucoid factor encoding gene rmpA besides rmpA2. Promoter activity measurement indicated that the deletion of rmpA reduced K2 capsular polysaccharide (CPS) biosynthesis, resulting in decreased colony mucoidy and virulence in mice. Introduction of a multicopy plasmid carrying rmpA restored CPS production in the rmpA or rmpA2 mutant but not in the rcsB mutant. Transformation of the rmpA deletion mutant with an rcsB-carrying plasmid also failed to enhance CPS production, suggesting that a cooperation of RmpA with RcsB is required for regulatory activity. This was further corroborated by the demonstration of in vivo interaction between RmpA and RcsB using two-hybrid analysis and coimmunoprecipitation analysis. A putative Fur binding box was only found at the 5′ noncoding region of rmpA. The promoter activity analysis indicated that the deletion of fur increased the rmpA promoter activity. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assay, we further demonstrated that Fur exerts its regulatory activity by binding directly to the promoter. As a result, the fur deletion mutant exhibited an increase in colony mucoidy, CPS production, and virulence in mice. In summary, our results suggested that RmpA activates CPS biosynthesis in K. pneumoniae CG43 via an RcsB-dependent manner. The expression of rmpA is regulated by the availability of iron and is negatively controlled by Fur.

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Sha, Shanshan, Yan Zhou, Yi Xin, and Yufang Ma. "Development of a Colorimetric Assay and Kinetic Analysis for Mycobacterium tuberculosis D-glucose-1-phosphate Thymidylyltransferase." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 17, no. 2 (September 22, 2011): 252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057111421373.

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dTDP-L-rhamnose as a sugar donor provides L-rhamnosyl residue in the synthesis of disaccharide linker (D-N-acetylglucosamine-L-rhamnose), the key structure of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall. Four enzymes are involved in the formation of dTDP-L-rhamnose and D-glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase (RmlA) catalyzes the first step of D-glucose-1-phosphate and dTTP to dTDP-D-glucose and PPi. The previous studies on RmlA essentiality proved RmlA as a potential target for antituberculosis drugs. However, there has not been a suitable assay for RmlA to screen inhibitors currently. In this study, the authors reported a microtiter plate–based colorimetric assay for RmlA enzyme activity. Using this assay, the kinetic properties of M. tuberculosis RmlA including initial velocity, optimal temperature, optimal pH, the effect of Mg2+, and kinetic parameters were determined. The establishment of the accurate and rapid colorimetric assay and kinetic analysis of M. tuberculosis RmlA will facilitate high-throughput screening of RmlA inhibitors.

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Matsuda, N., T. Suzuki, K. Tanaka, and A. Nakano. "Rma1, a novel type of RING finger protein conserved from Arabidopsis to human, is a membrane-bound ubiquitin ligase." Journal of Cell Science 114, no. 10 (May 15, 2001): 1949–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.114.10.1949.

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Rma1 is a protein with a RING finger motif and a C-terminal membrane-anchoring domain and is well conserved among higher eukaryotes. We show that fusion proteins between maltose binding protein (MBP) and human or Arabidopsis Rma1 are polyubiquitinated, when incubated with the rabbit reticulocyte or the wheat germ lysate, respectively. The polyubiquitination of MBP-Rma1 has been reconstituted by incubation with purified ubiquitin, the ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1, and one of the two ubiquitin-conjugating E2 enzymes (Ubc4 or UbcH5a). Other E2 enzymes tested, E2-20k, E2-25k, Ubc3 and Ubc8, are not able to confer this modification. Mutational analysis shows that the RING finger motif of Rma1 is necessary for the auto-ubiquitination of MBP-Rma1. Thus, Rma1 represents a novel, membrane-bound type of ubiquitin ligase E3, which probably functions with the Ubc4/5 subfamily of E2. The MBP moiety but not Rma1 itself is ubiquitinated in the auto-ubiquitination reaction of MBP-Rma1. Free MBP in solution is not a substrate of Rma1. These observations indicate that bringing the substrate into its physical vicinity is very important for the action of ubiquitin ligase.

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Stone, Micheal, Bommanna G. Krishnappan, Uldis Silins, Monica B. Emelko, Chris H. S. Williams, Adrian L. Collins, and Sheena A. Spencer. "A New Framework for Modelling Fine Sediment Transport in Rivers Includes Flocculation to Inform Reservoir Management in Wildfire Impacted Watersheds." Water 13, no. 17 (August 24, 2021): 2319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13172319.

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Fine-grained cohesive sediment is the primary vector for nutrient and contaminant redistribution through aquatic systems and is a critical indicator of land disturbance. A critical limitation of most existing sediment transport models is that they assume that the transport characteristics of fine sediment can be described using the same approaches that are used for coarse-grained non-cohesive sediment, thereby ignoring the tendency of fine sediment to flocculate. Here, a modelling framework to simulate flow and fine sediment transport in the Crowsnest River, the Castle River, the Oldman River and the Oldman Reservoir after the 2003 Lost Creek wildfire in Alberta, Canada was developed and validated. It is the first to include explicit description of fine sediment deposition/erosion processes as a function of bed shear stress and the flocculation process. This framework integrates four existing numerical models: MOBED, RIVFLOC, RMA2 and RMA4 using river geometry, flow, fine suspended sediment characteristics and bathymetry data. Sediment concentration and particle size distributions computed by RIVFLOC were used as the upstream boundary condition for the reservoir dispersion model RMA4. The predicted particle size distributions and mass of fine river sediment deposited within various sections of the reservoir indicate that most of the fine sediment generated by the upstream disturbance deposits in the reservoir. Deposition patterns of sediment from wildfire-impacted landscapes were different than those from unburned landscapes because of differences in settling behaviour. These differences may lead to zones of relatively increased internal loading of phosphorus to reservoir water columns, thereby increasing the potential for algae proliferation. In light of the growing threats to water resources globally from wildfire, the generic framework described herein can be used to model propagation of fine river sediment and associated nutrients or contaminants to reservoirs under different flow conditions and land use scenarios. The framework is thereby a valuable tool to support decision making for water resources management and catchment planning.

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Li, Guili, Shuhong Sun, Zhong Yuan Zhao, and Yunfang Sun. "The pathogenicity of rmpA or aerobactin-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae in infected mice." Journal of International Medical Research 47, no. 9 (July 21, 2019): 4344–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060519863544.

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Objectives To investigate the pathogenicity of Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPN) possessing rmpA or the aerobactin gene in infected mice. Methods BALB/c mice were divided into four groups (n = 10 per group) and infected with: string test-positive and rmpA-positive or aerobactin-positive KPN (group 1), string test-negative but rmpA-positive KPN (group 2), string test-negative but aerobactin-positive KPN (group 3), or string test- and rmpA/aerobactin-negative KPN (group 4). Mouse survival time was compared among groups, and the infection of livers, spleens, lungs, and kidneys and KPN growth were assessed in infected mice. Results Compared with the negative group (group 4), the survival rates of mice infected with rmpA- or aerobactin-positive KPN (groups 1–3) were significantly lower, their multi-organ injuries were significantly more severe, and bacterial enumeration was significantly higher. Conclusions Despite being string test-negative, aerobactin- or rmpA-positive KPN still exhibit high virulence and anti-immune effect activity. Therefore, the combination of the string test and gene detection of aerobactin and rmpA will be helpful in screening hypervirulent KPN.

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Takagi, Hiroshi, and Wenjie Wu. "Maximum wind radius estimated by the 50 kt radius: improvement of storm surge forecasting over the western North Pacific." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 3 (March 11, 2016): 705–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-705-2016.

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Abstract. Even though the maximum wind radius (Rmax) is an important parameter in determining the intensity and size of tropical cyclones, it has been overlooked in previous storm surge studies. This study reviews the existing estimation methods for Rmax based on central pressure or maximum wind speed. These over- or underestimate Rmax because of substantial variations in the data, although an average radius can be estimated with moderate accuracy. As an alternative, we propose an Rmax estimation method based on the radius of the 50 kt wind (R50). Data obtained by a meteorological station network in the Japanese archipelago during the passage of strong typhoons, together with the JMA typhoon best track data for 1990–2013, enabled us to derive the following simple equation, Rmax = 0.23 R50. Application to a recent strong typhoon, the 2015 Typhoon Goni, confirms that the equation provides a good estimation of Rmax, particularly when the central pressure became considerably low. Although this new method substantially improves the estimation of Rmax compared to the existing models, estimation errors are unavoidable because of fundamental uncertainties regarding the typhoon's structure or insufficient number of available typhoon data. In fact, a numerical simulation for the 2013 Typhoon Haiyan as well as 2015 Typhoon Goni demonstrates a substantial difference in the storm surge height for different Rmax. Therefore, the variability of Rmax should be taken into account in storm surge simulations (e.g., Rmax = 0.15 R50–0.35 R50), independently of the model used, to minimize the risk of over- or underestimating storm surges. The proposed method is expected to increase the predictability of major storm surges and to contribute to disaster risk management, particularly in the western North Pacific, including countries such as Japan, China, Taiwan, the Philippines, and Vietnam.

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Adegbola, Abidemi A., Gerald F. Cox, Elizabeth M. Bradshaw, David A. Hafler, Alexander Gimelbrant, and Andrew Chess. "Monoallelic expression of the human FOXP2 speech gene." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 22 (November 24, 2014): 6848–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1411270111.

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The recent descriptions of widespread random monoallelic expression (RMAE) of genes distributed throughout the autosomal genome indicate that there are more genes subject to RMAE on autosomes than the number of genes on the X chromosome where X-inactivation dictates RMAE of X-linked genes. Several of the autosomal genes that undergo RMAE have independently been implicated in human Mendelian disorders. Thus, parsing the relationship between allele-specific expression of these genes and disease is of interest. Mutations in the human forkhead box P2 gene, FOXP2, cause developmental verbal dyspraxia with profound speech and language deficits. Here, we show that the human FOXP2 gene undergoes RMAE. Studying an individual with developmental verbal dyspraxia, we identify a deletion 3 Mb away from the FOXP2 gene, which impacts FOXP2 gene expression in cis. Together these data suggest the intriguing possibility that RMAE impacts the haploinsufficiency phenotypes observed for FOXP2 mutations.

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Song, Sung-Yong, Hwa-Sung Ryu, Sang-Heon Shin, Deuck-Mo Kim, and Won-Jun Park. "Properties of Ready Mixed Acrylic Paste for Exterior Insulation Using Pozzolanic Materials and Atomizing Slag." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (December 16, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1642787.

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Ready mixed acrylic paste (RMAP) is a material used in exterior insulation systems of buildings; it consists of liquids and aggregates. However, it is considerably difficult to use an admixture to control the physical properties of the RMAP owing to problems associated with strength and workability. Thus, to improve the properties of RMAP, this study evaluates the properties of a mortar produced with RMAP as well as pozzolanic materials and atomizing slag, which is a by-product from the steelmaking industry. It was observed that if the density difference is large, a liquid RMAP may experience segregation. Through our experiments, we confirm that segregation resistance could be achieved even at 20% atomizing slag, which has a high density, by increasing the viscosity by approximately 1000 cP through the use of 10% fly ash and 3% metakaolin in the RMAP. Despite the increase in viscosity with the addition of the atomizing slag, the flow of the RMAP increased from 160 to 175 mm due to the spherical particle shape of the slag; in addition, the strength and water absorption coefficient also improved. In particular, the adhesion tension increased from 1.8 N/mm2 to 2.4 N/mm2 or higher.

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Verbitsky, Oleg. "On the Hardness of Approximating Some Optimization Problems That Are Supposedly Easier Than MAX CLIQUE." Combinatorics, Probability and Computing 4, no. 2 (June 1995): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963548300001553.

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We focus our attention on the class RMAX(2) of NP optimization problems. Owing to recent developments in interactive proof techniques, RMAX(2) was shown to be the lowest class of logical classification that contains problems hard to approximate. Namely, the RMAX(2)-complete problem MAX CLIQUE (of finding the size of the largest clique in a graph) is not approximable in polynomial time within any constant factor unless NP=P.We are interested in problems inside RMAX(2) that are not known to be complete but are still hard to approximate. We point out that one such problem is MAXlog n, n, considered by Berman and Schnitger: given m conjunctions, each of them consisting of log m propositional variables or their negations, find the maximal number of simultaneously satisfiable conjunctions. We also obtain the approximation hardness results for some other problems in RMAX(2). Finally, we discuss the question of whether or not the problems under consideration are RMAX(2)-complete.

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González-Pasayo, Ramón, and Esperanza Martínez-Romero. "Multiresistance Genes of Rhizobium etli CFN42." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 13, no. 5 (May 2000): 572–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2000.13.5.572.

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Multidrug efflux pumps of bacteria are involved in the resistance to various antibiotics and toxic compounds. In Rhizobium etli, a mutualistic symbiont of Phaseolus vulgaris (bean), genes resembling multidrug efflux pump genes were identified and designated rmrA and rmrB. rmrA was obtained after the screening of transposon-generated fusions that are inducible by bean-root released flavonoids. The predicted gene products of rmrAB shared significant homology to membrane fusion and major facilitator proteins, respectively. Mutants of rmrA formed on average 40% less nodules in bean, while mutants of rmrA and rmrB had enhanced sensitivity to phytoalexins, flavonoids, and salicylic acid, compared with the wild-type strain. Multidrug resistance genes emrAB from Escherichia coli complemented an rmrA mutant from R. etli for resistance to high concentrations of naringenin.

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Takagi, H., and W. Wu. "Maximum wind radius estimated by the 50 kt radius: improvement of storm surge forecasting over the Western North Pacific." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, no. 10 (October 27, 2015): 6431–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-3-6431-2015.

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Abstract. Even though the maximum wind radius (Rmax) is an important parameter in determining the intensity and size of tropical cyclones, it has been overlooked in previous storm surge studies. This research reviewed the existing estimation methods of Rmax based on the central pressure or maximum wind speed. These over or underestimated Rmax because of the substantial variety of the data, though an average radius could be moderately estimated. Alternatively, we proposed an Rmax estimation method based on the radius of the 50 knot wind (R50). The data obtained during the passage of strong typhoons by a meteorological station network in the Japanese archipelago enabled us to derive the following formula, Rmax = 0.23R50. Although this new method substantially improved the estimation of Rmax compared to the existing models, an estimation error was unavoidable because of fundamental uncertainties regarding the typhoon's structure or insufficient number of available typhoon data. In fact, a numerical simulation from 2013 Typhoon Haiyan demonstrated a substantial difference in the storm surge height for different Rmax. Therefore, the variability of Rmax should be taken into account in storm surge simulations, independently of the model used, to minimize the risk of over or underestimation of storm surges. The proposed method is expected to increase the reliability of storm surge prediction and contribute to disaster risk management, particularly in the Western North Pacific, including countries such as Japan, China, Taiwan, Philippines, and Vietnam.

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KAWASAKI, Seiji, Nobutaka UMEKITA, Kensho SANJO, and Yasuo IDEZUKI. "Reevaluation of ICG rmax." Kanzo 27, no. 2 (1986): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.27.182.

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Sandomirski, S. G. "Dependence of the Correlation Coefficient Between the Results of a Parameter Measurement and Its True Values on the Reduced Measurement Error." Devices and Methods of Measurements 10, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2019-10-1-90-98.

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Magnetic testing of steels' mechanical properties is based on their correlation with steels' magnetic parameters. The purpose of this work was to establish dependence of the attainable correlation coefficient Rmax between measurement results and the parameter values a on the reduced error of its measurement. The article proposes a model of the correlation field between the parameter true values and the results of its measurement with a given reduced error δ. The merits and legitimacy of using the model for estimation of the achievable correlation coefficient Rmax are substantiated. Analysis of influence of δ parameter measurement in different ranges d of its change on Rmax is carried out. Results are compared with the previous analysis for the relative measurement error. It has been established in this work that the coefficient Rmax calculated for the reduced measurement error is always smaller than Rmax one calculated for the relative measurement error. However in the practically important range of variation of d with δ ≤ 0.05 the difference between the Rmax values calculated for the reduced and relative measurement errors is not large. This allows us to use the developed formula for the dependence Rmax = Rmax (δ, d) at Rmax ≥ 0.8 for both relative and reduced measurement errors δ. The obtained result allows us using the reduced measurement error of a metrologically certified measuring instrument to obtain the maximum attainable correlation coefficient between the true values and the results of measuring a parameter in a given range of its change without measurements. As an example, we define the conditions for the non-destructive testing of steels under which one can use measuring of magnetic parameters with the installation certified based on the reduced measurement error.

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Pardo, Sebastián A., Holly K. Kindsvater, John D. Reynolds, and Nicholas K. Dulvy. "Maximum intrinsic rate of population increase in sharks, rays, and chimaeras: the importance of survival to maturity." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 73, no. 8 (August 2016): 1159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2016-0069.

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The maximum intrinsic rate of population increase (rmax) is a commonly estimated demographic parameter used in assessments of extinction risk. In teleosts, rmax can be calculated using an estimate of spawners per spawner, but for chondrichthyans, most studies have used annual reproductive output (b) instead. This is problematic as it effectively assumes all juveniles survive to maturity. Here, we propose an updated rmax equation that uses a simple mortality estimator that also accounts for survival to maturity: the reciprocal of average life-span. For 94 chondrichthyans, we now estimate that rmax values are on average 10% lower than previously published. Our updated rmax estimates are lower than previously published for species that mature later relative to maximum age and those with high annual fecundity. The most extreme discrepancies in rmax values occur in species with low age at maturity and low annual reproductive output. Our results indicate that chondrichthyans that mature relatively later in life, and to a lesser extent those that are highly fecund, are less resilient to fishing than previously thought.

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Bolon, Brad, Marina Stolina, Caroline King, Scot Middleton, Jill Gasser, Debra Zack, and Ulrich Feige. "Rodent Preclinical Models for Developing Novel Antiarthritic Molecules: Comparative Biology and Preferred Methods for Evaluating Efficacy." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2011 (2011): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/569068.

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Rodent models of immune-mediated arthritis (RMIA) are the conventional approach to evaluating mechanisms of inflammatory joint disease and the comparative efficacy of antiarthritic agents. Rat adjuvant-induced (AIA), collagen-induced (CIA), and streptococcal cell wall-induced (SCW) arthritides are preferred models of the joint pathology that occurs in human rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Lesions of AIA are most severe and consistent; structural and immunological changes of CIA best resemble RA. Lesion extent and severity in RMIA depends on experimental methodology (inciting agent, adjuvant, etc.) and individual physiologic parameters (age, genetics, hormonal status, etc.). The effectiveness of antiarthritic molecules varies with the agent, therapeutic regimen, and choice of RMIA. All RMIA are driven by overactivity of proinflammatory pathways, but the dominant molecules differ among the models. Hence, as with the human clinical experience, the efficacy of various antiarthritic molecules differs among RMIA, especially when the agent is a specific cytokine inhibitor.

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Bonnici, Christian, and Vincent Cassar. "The Implications of Contextual Realities on Career Development: The Specific Case of University Research Managers and Administrators in Small Island States." Journal of Career Development 47, no. 3 (May 17, 2017): 266–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894845317709352.

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Career development for university research managers and administrators (RMAs) is inherently challenging in small island states. In this article, we argue that by acquiring career adaptability resources, university RMAs can address their career development needs even in contexts with a restricted labor market. We do this by first identifying the factors that shape the career development prospects of university RMAs. Subsequently, we present evidence of how university RMAs in small island states may pursue their career development goals by redefining their roles according to the contextual realities. Career adaptability theory helps us to explore how this redefinition occurs, particularly since adaptability arises from a combination of personality traits (self-regulation) and careful interventions that can build adaptability resources. We use the knowledge from career adaptability theory to identify a number of implications for RMAs, universities, counselors, and professional associations to address career development issues within restricted small island contexts.

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Daryanto, Wiwiek Mardawiyah, Bramastra Purnomosidhi, and Sarah Khairannisa. "The Impact of Acquisition on Bentoel Internasional Investama Corporation Financial Performance." International Journal of Business Studies 2, no. 3 (August 29, 2019): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32924/ijbs.v2i3.81.

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Indonesia Tobacco Industry is one of themost prosperous business in the world, globalization made company across the globe racing to acquire tobacco company. Indonesian investment climate allows acquisition conduct by a foreign company in this sector. This study based on the acquisition of PT. Bentoel Internasional Investama (RMBA) by aforeign company (British American Tobacco) in 2010, the data was collected from the annual report of RMBA during 2006- 2015. Four accounting ratio were applied to test the signiicant change in the inancial performance of RMBA five years before and ive years after the acquisition. There is a signiicant difference in the inancial performance of the RMBA between pre and post-acquisition. The signiicant difference can be used as an input to improve RMBA inancial performance. This study provides an empirical analysis before and after acquisition that can be served for a future strategy on acquisition tobacco company in Indonesia.

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Kato, T., J. Y. Montplaisir, F. Guitard, B. J. Sessle, J. P. Lund, and G. J. Lavigne. "Evidence that Experimentally Induced Sleep Bruxism is a Consequence of Transient Arousal." Journal of Dental Research 82, no. 4 (April 2003): 284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910308200408.

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Spontaneous rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA) during sleep occurs more frequently following spontaneous transient micro-arousal in patients with sleep bruxism (SB) and normal controls. Here, we tested the hypothesis that an experimental arousal would be followed by an increase in RMMA. We identified RMMA on polygraphic recordings taken before and after sensory stimulation to induce experimental arousal in eight SB patients and eight matched normal subjects. The rate of experimental arousal and the level of resting electromyographic activity in masseter and suprahyoid muscles during sleep did not differ between the groups. In both, muscle tone and heart rate increased during the experimental arousal. Although post-arousal RMMA occurred in all SB patients, it was seen in only one normal subject. Moreover, tooth-grinding occurred during 71% of the evoked RMMA in SB patients. These results support the hypothesis that SB is an exaggerated form of oromotor activity associated with sleep micro-arousal.

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Grove, Diane E., Meredith F. N. Rosser, Hong Yu Ren, Anjaparavanda P. Naren, and Douglas M. Cyr. "Mechanisms for Rescue of Correctable Folding Defects in CFTRΔF508." Molecular Biology of the Cell 20, no. 18 (September 15, 2009): 4059–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e08-09-0929.

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Premature degradation of CFTRΔF508 causes cystic fibrosis (CF). CFTRΔF508 folding defects are conditional and folding correctors are being developed as CF therapeutics. How the cellular environment impacts CFTRΔF508 folding efficiency and the identity of CFTRΔF508's correctable folding defects is unclear. We report that inactivation of the RMA1 or CHIP ubiquitin ligase permits a pool of CFTRΔF508 to escape the endoplasmic reticulum. Combined RMA1 or CHIP inactivation and Corr-4a treatment enhanced CFTRΔF508 folding to 3–7-fold greater levels than those elicited by Corr-4a. Some, but not all, folding defects in CFTRΔF508 are correctable. CHIP and RMA1 recognize different regions of CFTR and a large pool of nascent CFTRΔF508 is ubiquitinated by RMA1 before Corr-4a action. RMA1 recognizes defects in CFTRΔF508 related to misassembly of a complex that contains MSD1, NBD1, and the R-domain. Corr-4a acts on CFTRΔF508 after MSD2 synthesis and was ineffective at rescue of ΔF508 dependent folding defects in amino-terminal regions. In contrast, misfolding caused by the rare CF-causing mutation V232D in MSD1 was highly correctable by Corr-4a. Overall, correction of folding defects recognized by RMA1 and/or global modulation of ER quality control has the potential to increase CFTRΔF508 folding and provide a therapeutic approach for CF.

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Tanaka, A. L. R., H. H. R. Neves, J. A. Oliveira, R. Carvalheiro, and S. A. Queiroz. "Índice de seleção bioeconômico para fêmeas de corte da raça nelore." Archivos de Zootecnia 61, no. 236 (September 12, 2012): 537–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/az.v61i236.2209.

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A eficiência reprodutiva da fêmea Nelore foi descrita com base na precocidade sexual, permanência produtiva no rebanho (NP), produtividade materna (PM) e custo de mantença estimado (CM). A combinação dessas características deu origem ao índice bioeconômico retorno maternal (RMat), que estima o retorno em quilos de peso vivo produzidos por uma vaca em um ano. Em adição, incluiu-se a composição do peso produzido, adicionando à PM os escores de conformação, precocidade e musculatura a desmama, compondo o biótipo do bezerro. Foram consideradas precoces as fêmeas cuja idade ao primeiro parto foi inferior a 30 meses. A NP foi expressa pelo número de partos até 53 meses de idade. O CM foi calculado em função do consumo estimado de matéria seca da vaca. O RMat médio estimado foi 62,02±24,12 kg/vaca/ano. As estimativas da variância genética aditiva e residual do RMat, usando a metodologia da máxima verossimilhança restrita, sob um modelo animal unicaracterística, foram 195,35 e 242,96, respectivamente. A herdabilidade estimada para Rmat foi 0,45±0,02, indicando que o índice é herdável e pode ser aplicado na seleção para eficiência reprodutiva. A NP foi o componente de principal variação do RMat. Touros selecionados com base no RMat apresentaram filhas mais eficientes.

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Tanabe, Hiroki, Andre J. Ouellette, Melanie J. Cocco, and W. Edward Robinson. "Differential Effects on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication by α-Defensins with Comparable Bactericidal Activities." Journal of Virology 78, no. 21 (November 1, 2004): 11622–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.21.11622-11631.2004.

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ABSTRACT In addition to their antibacterial activities, certain antimicrobial peptides inactivate enveloped viruses, including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To determine whether peptide bactericidal activities are predictive of antiviral activity, the anti-HIV properties of recombinant human α-defensin 5, mouse α-defensins, cryptdins (Crp) 3 and 4, and rhesus macaque myeloid α-defensins (RMADs) 3 and 4 were determined in vitro. The peptides, purified to homogeneity, had equivalent bactericidal activities that were similar to those of the native molecules. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed RMAD-4 and Crp3 had characteristic α-defensin tridisulfide arrays. Of the peptides analyzed, only RMAD-4 inhibited HIV infectivity at 150 μg/ml, and Crp3 unexpectedly increased HIV replication. Quantitative real-time PCRs for minus-strand strong stop DNA and complete viral cDNA synthesis were used to distinguish between preentry and postentry anti-HIV effects by RMAD-4. Viral exposure to RMAD-4 for 1 h prior to infection reduced HIV minus-strand strong stop DNA and HIV cDNA by 4- to 20-fold during the first round of replication, showing that RMAD-4-exposed virions were not entering cells during the first 24 h. On the other hand, when RMAD-4 was added coincident with HIV inoculation, no anti-HIV activity was detected. Viral exposure to Crp3 resulted in a threefold increase in both HIV minus-strand strong stop DNA and HIV cDNA over the first round of replication. Therefore, two α-defensins, RMAD-4 and Crp3, inhibit or augment HIV replication, respectively, by mechanisms that precede reverse transcription.

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Kuntjoro, Wahyu, Ibrahim Bahari, Abdul Ghani Ujang, and Assanah Mohd Mydin. "Fatigue Life Monitoring Program of RMAF MiG-29." Scientific Research Journal 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2008): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/srj.v5i1.5651.

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The Royal Malaysian Airforce (RMAF) operates one squadron of MiG-29 which were designed on Safe Life principle. RMAF conducts a fatigue life monitoring program to these airplanes. This activity is conducted based on the experience of having the fatigue life monitoring program to the RMAF F/A-18D. The fatigue life of RMAF MiG-29 is based on the wing-fuselage lug joint structure, and Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF) approach is adopted. The stress spectra of this component, is derived through mapping of g-spectra to the 1-g stress level of the lug. The g-history is obtained from the accelerator installed in the airplane, while the 1-g stress level is obtained by finite element modeling of the wing structure and lug joints. Rainflow cycle counting procedure was then applied. The fatigue characteristics (strain-life) of the lug material was obtained from the laboratory test, using the lug material sample, combined with the empirical formula of strain-life diagram. Notched effect is taken into account using Neuber theory. Mean stress effect is dealt with using Smith-Watson-Topper formula. Miner’s rule is used to calculate the fatigue damage accumulation. A fatigue life prediction software for RMAF MiG-29 which incorporates the above concepts had been developed. Currently, this software is operational with the RMAF MiG-29, and is being used as part of its Aircraft Structural Integrity Program (ASIP). This paper reports on the development of the fatigue life monitoring strategy and software for the RMAF MiG-29.

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Lee, Cheol Won, Jun Dong Lee, Junho Ahn, Hyung Jun Oh, Jung Kyu Park, and Heung Seok Jeon. "A Low Overhead Mapping Scheme for Exploration and Representation in the Unknown Area." Applied Sciences 9, no. 15 (July 31, 2019): 3089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9153089.

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The grid map, representing area information with the number of cells, is a widely used mapping scheme for mobile robots and simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) processes. However, the tremendous amount of cells in a grid map for a detailed map representation results in overheads for memory space and computing paths in mobile robots. Therefore, to overcome the overhead of the grid map, this study proposes a new low overhead mapping scheme which the authors call as the Rmap that represents an area with variable sizes of rectangles instead of the number of cells in the grid map. This mapping scheme also provides an exploration path for obtaining new information for the unknown area. This study evaluated the performance of the Rmap in real environments as well as in simulation environments. The experiment results show that the Rmap can reduce the overhead of a grid map. In one of our experimental environments, the Rmap represented an area with 85% less memory than the grid map. The Rmap also showed better coverage performance compared with other previous algorithms.

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Rennó, Francisco Palma, José Carlos Pereira, Carlos Antônio Moreira Leite, Marcelo Teixeira Rodrigues, Oriel Fajardo de Campos, Dilermando Miranda da Fonseca, and Luciana Navajas Rennó. "Eficiência bioeconômica de estratégias de alimentação em sistemas de produção de leite: 1. Produção por animal e por área." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 37, no. 4 (April 2008): 743–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982008000400022.

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Objetivou-se aplicar um modelo de simulação para avaliação bioeconômica de estratégias de alimentação para rebanhos leiteiros e avaliar a produtividade física e a eficiência bioeconômica de sistemas de alimentação com diversas estratégias de alimentação à base de volumosos para vacas de cinco níveis de produção de leite. Utilizou-se uma plataforma computacional desenvolvida com os programas CNCPS v.5.0 e planilhas eletrônicas do Microsoft Excell®, de forma a simular a produção e as exigências de nutrientes de uma lactação completa para vacas de diferentes níveis de produção. Foram realizadas análises econômicas em sete estratégias de alimentação. A avaliação da receita subtraída dos custos com alimentação (RMCA) comprovou interação entre a estratégia de alimentação e o nível de produção de leite. As estratégias com alimentação à base de silagem de milho durante a época da seca e pastagens na época das águas resultaram em maiores RMCA para todos os níveis de produção de leite, apesar de as demais estratégias apresentarem resultados próximos dependendo do nível de produção de leite. Nas estratégias avaliadas, quanto maior a produção de leite por vaca maior a produtividade (PROD/ha) e a RMCA por área (RMCA/ha). Quanto maior a capacidade de suporte dos volumosos, ou quanto maior a taxa de lotação que determinada área foi submetida, considerando determinada estratégia de alimentação e determinado nível de produção de leite, maior a PROD/ha e RMCA/ha. Para a RMCA por vaca, volumosos de maior densidade energética resultam em diminuição dos custos de alimentação e aumento da receita por animal. A RMCA/ha é fortemente influenciada pela capacidade de suporte das forrageiras em todos os níveis de produção.

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Valcárcel, Luis V., Verónica Torrano, Luis Tobalina, Arkaitz Carracedo, and Francisco J. Planes. "rMTA: robust metabolic transformation analysis." Bioinformatics 35, no. 21 (March 28, 2019): 4350–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz231.

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Abstract Motivation The development of computational tools exploiting -omics data and high-quality genome-scale metabolic networks for the identification of novel drug targets is a relevant topic in Systems Medicine. Metabolic Transformation Algorithm (MTA) is one of these tools, which aims to identify targets that transform a disease metabolic state back into a healthy state, with potential application in any disease where a clear metabolic alteration is observed. Results Here, we present a robust extension to MTA (rMTA), which additionally incorporates a worst-case scenario analysis and minimization of metabolic adjustment to evaluate the beneficial effect of gene knockouts. We show that rMTA complements MTA in the different datasets analyzed (gene knockout perturbations in different organisms, Alzheimer’s disease and prostate cancer), bringing a more accurate tool for predicting therapeutic targets. Availability and implementation rMTA is freely available on The Cobra Toolbox: https://opencobra.github.io/cobratoolbox/latest/. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

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Sengschmid, Johanna. "Refugee Midwifery Service Austria (RMSA)." Pädiatrie & Pädologie 53, S1 (July 31, 2018): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00608-018-0592-3.

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Brereton, Joel P. "Dh�rman In The Rgveda." Journal of Indian Philosophy 32, no. 5-6 (December 2004): 449–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10781-004-8631-8.

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van der Valk, Johanna, Birgit Nagl, Roy Gerth van Wljk, Barbara Bohle, and Nicolette de Jong. "The Effect of Birch Pollen Immunotherapy on Apple and rMal d 1 Challenges in Adults with Apple Allergy." Nutrients 12, no. 2 (February 18, 2020): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020519.

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Background: A proportion of patients allergic to birch pollen are also allergic to pit fruit. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of immunotherapy with birch pollen on birch-pollen-related apple allergy. Method: Patients with birch pollen immunotherapy underwent a skin-prick test with birch pollen, apple and rMal d 1, global assessments and nasal challenges with birch pollen, open food challenge with apple and a double-blind, placebo-controlled test with rMal d 1 at the start of and during the immunotherapy. Measurements of specific IgE in response to Bet v 1 and rMal d 1 and IgG4 in response to Bet v 1 and rMal d 1 took place. Results: Six of eight patients demonstrated an improvement of nasal challenge test results and all patients improved on global assessment during the immunotherapy. The median oral dose of apple required to elicit a reaction increased but was not statistically significant. The patients showed a decrease in skin-prick test values in response to birch pollen (1.05 to 0.36), apple (0.78 to 0.25) and rMal d 1 (0.51 to 0.10) with p-values of 0.04, 0.03 and 0.06, respectively and a decrease of specific IgE in response to Bet v 1 (10.66 kU/L to 5.19 kU/L) and rMal d 1 (0.99 to 0.61 kU/L) with p-values of 0.01 and 0.05, respectively. Only the median specific IgG4 value to Bet v 1 increased from 0.05 to 1.85 mg/L (p-value of 0.02) and not to IgG4 rMal d 1 (0.07 to 0.08 kU/L). Conclusion: The beneficial effects of immunotherapy for birch pollen were accompanied by a limited effect on apple allergy.

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Eagles, H. A., G. J. Hollamby, and R. F. Eastwood. "Genetic and environmental variation for grain quality traits routinely evaluated in southern Australian wheat breeding programs." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 53, no. 9 (2002): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar02010.

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Milling yield, maximum dough resistance (Rmax), dough extensibility, flour protein concentration (flour protein), particle size index (PSI), water absorption, and dough development time are important determinants of grain quality and are routinely evaluated in Australian wheat breeding programs. Information on allelic variation at the 6 loci determining glutenin proteins is also regularly obtained and used to predict Rmax and extensibility. For each character, except dough development time, 4029 observations on 2377 lines and 94 environments were analysed to estimate genotypic and environmental variances, heritabilities, genotypic and environmental correlations, and the effects of glutenin genes. A subset was analysed for dough development time. Milling yield, Rmax, extensibility, PSI, water absorption, and dough development time had intra-class correlation coefficients, or broad-sense heritabilities, between 0.66 and 0.76, and extensibility had a value of 0.52, with flour protein at 0.36. Genotypic and environmental correlations between extensibility and flour protein were high at +0.78 and +0.85, respectively. Rmax had a genotypic correlation with dough development time of +0.67, which was substantially due to pleiotropic effects of glutenin genes. Rmax, extensibility, PSI, and dough development time were influenced by glutenin genes. For Rmax about 50% of the genotypic variance could be explained by glutenin genes. For extensibility about 50% could be explained by flour protein, with 50% of the remainder by the inclusion of glutenin genes. For dough development time about 15% could be explained by flour protein, with a further 30% by glutenin genes. For PSI, about 40% of the genotypic variation could be accounted for by glutenin genes after the removal of the effects of flour protein and milling yield. We concluded that dough development time could be added to Rmax and extensibility as a trait that can be usefully predicted by the glutenin genes, but more work is required for PSI.

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Xue, Li, Yingfei Pang, Wenjing Liu, Liwei Liu, Hui Pang, Axiu Cao, Lifang Shi, Yongqi Fu, and Qiling Deng. "Fabrication of Random Microlens Array for Laser Beam Homogenization with High Efficiency." Micromachines 11, no. 3 (March 24, 2020): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11030338.

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The miniaturized and integrated microlens array (MLA) can effectively achieve the beam homogenization, compactness and miniaturization of laser systems. When the high-coherence laser beam is homogenized by means of using the MLA, interference fringes will occur in the homogenized light spot due to the periodicity of the MLA, which seriously affects the uniformity of the homogenized light spot. To solve this problem, a novel random microlens array (rMLA) structure was proposed for the purpose of achieving beam homogenization. The coherence in the homogenization process is suppressed by means of breaking the periodicity of the MLA. The homogenized light spot with a high energy utilization is then obtained accordingly. In the fabrication process, a clever method of combining chemical etching with lithography technology is performed to fabricate a honeycomb rMLA and a rectangular rMLA. The experimental results show that the energy utilization rate of the two types of the rMLAs is about 90%, and the uniformity of the homogenized light spots generated by the honeycomb rMLA and the rectangular rMLA are more than 80% and 85%, respectively. Meanwhile, fully cost-effective fabrication is possible to be realized.

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Jabbar, Tamara Kusay, Eva Calvo-Pinilla, Francisco Mateos, Simon Gubbins, Abdelghani Bin-Tarif, Katarzyna Bachanek-Bankowska, Oya Alpar, et al. "Protection of IFNAR (−/−) Mice against Bluetongue Virus Serotype 8, by Heterologous (DNA/rMVA) and Homologous (rMVA/rMVA) Vaccination, Expressing Outer-Capsid Protein VP2." PLoS ONE 8, no. 4 (April 12, 2013): e60574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0060574.

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Gailloud, Philippe. "The Artery of von Haller." Neurosurgery 73, no. 6 (September 30, 2013): 1034–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000000163.

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Abstract BACKGROUND: Although recognized since the 18th century, radiculomedullary arteries (RMAs) originating from upper thoracic intersegmental arteries are generally considered to be inconstant branches of little clinical importance. Yet, such vessels are commonly observed during spinal angiography. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the angiographic prevalence of upper thoracic RMAs, in particular, branches supplying the anterior spinal artery (ASA). METHODS: Fifty spinal angiograms were reviewed. Anterior and posterior RMAs originating in the upper thoracic region (T3 to T7) were recorded. The level of origin of the artery of Adamkiewicz (T8 to L3) was also noted. RESULTS: Forty-three patients (86%) had at least 1 ASA contributor between T3 and T7. Of the other 7 patients, 4 had one at an immediately adjacent level (T2 or T8). The most frequent origin of upper thoracic anterior RMAs was left T5 (n = 10). Only left T9 (n = 12) and left T8 (n = 11) were more common. When combining the left and right sides, an ASA contributor was more frequent at T5 (n = 16) than at any other level (n = 15 for T9, n = 14 for T8). The sum of ASA contributors at T4 and T5 (n = 27) represented 54% of all upper thoracic anterior RMAs, and 23% of all anterior RMAs between T3 and L3. CONCLUSION: A significant upper thoracic anterior RMA distinct from the artery of Adamkiewicz appears to be a constant anatomic feature, which undermines the classic concept of an arterial watershed zone in the thoracic region. We propose to name this artery after Albrecht von Haller, who documented its existence in 1754.

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Harathi, N., Madhusudana Pulaganti, C. M. Anuradha, and Suresh Kumar Chitta. "Inhibition of Mycobacterium-RmlA by Molecular Modeling, Dynamics Simulation, and Docking." Advances in Bioinformatics 2016 (February 14, 2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9841250.

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The increasing resistance to anti-tb drugs has enforced strategies for finding new drug targets against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). In recent years enzymes associated with the rhamnose pathway in Mtb have attracted attention as drug targets. The present work is on α-D-glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase (RmlA), the first enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of L-rhamnose, of Mtb cell wall. This study aims to derive a 3D structure of RmlA by using a comparative modeling approach. Structural refinement and energy minimization of the built model have been done with molecular dynamics. The reliability assessment of the built model was carried out with various protein checking tools such as Procheck, Whatif, ProsA, Errat, and Verify 3D. The obtained model investigates the relation between the structure and function. Molecular docking interactions of Mtb-RmlA with modified EMB (ethambutol) ligands and natural substrate have revealed specific key residues Arg13, Lys23, Asn109, and Thr223 which play an important role in ligand binding and selection. Compared to all EMB ligands, EMB-1 has shown better interaction with Mtb-RmlA model. The information thus discussed above will be useful for the rational design of safe and effective inhibitors specific to RmlA enzyme pertaining to the treatment of tuberculosis.

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Llenado, R. Alan, Colby S. Weeks, Melanie J. Cocco, and André J. Ouellette. "Electropositive Charge in α-Defensin Bactericidal Activity: Functional Effects of Lys-for-Arg Substitutions Vary with the Peptide Primary Structure." Infection and Immunity 77, no. 11 (September 8, 2009): 5035–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00695-09.

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ABSTRACT Cationic amino acids contribute to α-defensin bactericidal activity. Curiously, although Arg and Lys have equivalent electropositive charges at neutral pH, α-defensins contain an average of nine Arg residues per Lys residue. To investigate the role of high α-defensin Arg content, all Arg residues in mouse Paneth cell α-defensin cryptdin 4 (Crp4) and rhesus myeloid α-defensin 4 (RMAD-4) were replaced with Lys to prepare (R/K)-Crp4 and (R/K)-RMAD-4, respectively. Lys-for-Arg replacements in Crp4 attenuated bactericidal activity and slowed the kinetics of Escherichia coli ML35 cell permeabilization, and (R/K)-Crp4 required longer exposure times to reduce E. coli cell survival. In marked contrast, Lys substitutions in RMAD-4 improved microbicidal activity against certain bacteria and permeabilized E. coli more effectively. Therefore, Arg→Lys substitutions attenuated activity in Crp4 but not in RMAD-4, and the functional consequences of Arg→Lys replacements in α-defensins are dependent on the peptide primary structure. In addition, the bactericidal effects of (R/K)-Crp4 and (R/K)-RMAD-4 were more sensitive to inhibition by NaCl than those of the native peptides, suggesting that the high Arg content of α-defensins may be under selection to confer superior microbicidal function under physiologic conditions.

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Dwivedi, Sandeep, and Shailendra Singh Ojha. "Bandwidth Improvement of RMPA using DGS." International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2016): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijeer.040106.

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In this research paper we proposed a new DGS design to improve the bandwidth of RMPA designed for 2.2GHz operating frequency. In this paper, author proposed a RMPA with DGS to enhance its parameters and mainly bandwidth and directivity of the antenna. To achieve a very important bandwidth and directivity enhancement author proposed a table shaped unsymmetrical DGS in the ground plane. This unsymmetrical DGS on the other side of the patch increases the fringing field which consequently increased the parasitic capacitance. This coupling of patch and ground made the bandwidth and directivity enhanced from the RMPA without DGS.

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Journal articles on the topic 'RMAA'

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