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Academic literature on the topic 'RL filter'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "RL filter"

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Sariyar, M., and A. Borg. "Deterministic Linkage as a Preceding Filter for Other Record Linkage Methods." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 14, no. 03 (May 2015): 521–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622015500108.

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Deterministic record linkage (RL) is frequently regarded as a rival to more sophisticated strategies like probabilistic RL. We investigate the effect of combining deterministic linkage with other linkage techniques. For this task, we use a simple deterministic linkage strategy as a preceding filter: a data pair is classified as ‘match' if all values of attributes considered agree exactly, otherwise as ‘nonmatch'. This strategy is separately combined with two probabilistic RL methods based on the Fellegi–Sunter model and with two classification tree methods (CART and Bagging). An empirical comparison was conducted on two real data sets. We used four different partitions into training data and test data to increase the validity of the results. In almost all cases, application of deterministic linkage as a preceding filter leads to better results compared to the omission of such a pre-filter, and overall classification trees exhibited best results. On all data sets, probabilistic RL only profited from deterministic linkage when the underlying probabilities were estimated before applying deterministic linkage. When using a pre-filter for subtracting definite cases, the underlying population of data pairs changes. It is crucial to take this into account for model-based probabilistic RL.
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Bolster, Lauren, Mark Bosch, Brian Brownbridge, and Anurag Saxena. "RAP Trial: Ringer's Lactate and Packed Red Blood Cell Transfusion, An in Vitro Study and Chart Review." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): 2105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.2105.2105.

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Abstract Abstract 2105 Poster Board II-82 Background: The Canadian Blood Services and the American Association of Blood Banks state that intravenous solution administered with packed red blood cells (pRBC) must be isotonic and must not contain calcium or glucose. This recommendation is based on in vitro investigations demonstrating that calcium containing solutions can initiate in vitro coagulation in citrated blood (Ryden 1975, Dickson 1980, Lorenzo 1998). Recently this recommendation has been challenged by in vitro studies that combined AS-3 pRBC with Ringer's Lactate (RL) (Albert 2009). Currently there are anaesthetists that use RL with pRBC for intra-operative transfusions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether RL, as compared with normal saline (NS), can safely be used in transfusion therapy. Methods: Eleven units of AS-3 pRBC were obtained for this study. In part A, multiple dilutions of blood with RL or NS were assessed for clot, both visually using a 20 micron filter and molecularly using F1+2 ELISA. In part B, blood was run through a standard gravity filter with NS or RL, to simulate both ward and intra-operative transfusion practice. The blood was then assessed for clot at times 30, 60, 120, and 240 minutes. In part C, patients who received intra-operative transfusions of pRBC with RL were identified. These charts were reviewed for evidence of transfusion reactions including: TRALI, arterial or venous thrombosis, coagulopathy and mortality. Results: In part A, none of the filters had evidence of visible clot, nor evidence of thrombin generation at supraphysiologic levels, >300 pmol/L (Ota 2008, Pelzer 1991). In part B, there was no visible evidence of clot at the preselected time points. Over four hours the NS + blood group F1+2 levels ranged from 12- 267 pmol/L, and the RL + blood F1+2 levels ranged from 14-218 pmol/L. In the transfusion set primed with blood and then RL added, a simulation of common operating room transfusion practice, the F1+2 ELISA levels ranged from 13-435 pmol/L. There were no statistically significant difference in the ELISA F1+2 between the NS and RL groups (NS + blood vs. RL + blood p= 0.547, NS + blood vs. blood +RL p= 0.663). Nine patients totaling 36 units of pRBC transfused with RL were reviewed. The transfusion times ranging from 15-95 minutes, with an average transfusion time of 30 minutes per unit of pRBC. There was no evidence of transfusion related adverse events identified. Discussion: In addition to our results confirming recent studies that demonstrate in vitro compatibility of pRBC with RL, our study is the first comprehensive study involving visual clot, molecular clot and intra-operative transfusion of pRBC with RL. We have utilized a 20 micron filter, whereas previous studies utilized 40 micron filters. Further, in contrast to other studies we are the first to investigate the effects of both the concentration of RL with blood and the transfusion duration; no other study has looked at four hour transfusions with RL. Conclusion: Our study adds credibility to the hypothesis that RL is safe for clinical transfusion, including intra-operative and ward transfusion practice. Although new evidence now challenges international transfusion guidelines, a larger study should be conducted before transfusion with RL is adopted into widespread clinical practice. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Spindler, Gerald. "Upload-Filter: Umsetzungsoptionen zu Art. 17 DSM-RL." Computer und Recht 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.9785/cr-2020-360112.

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Di Gioia, Michele, Luigi Lombardi, Cristoforo Marzocca, Gianvito Matarrese, Giansergio Menduni, Pietro Patimisco, and Vincenzo Spagnolo. "Signal-to-Noise Ratio Analysis for the Voltage-Mode Read-Out of Quartz Tuning Forks in QEPAS Applications." Micromachines 14, no. 3 (March 8, 2023): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14030619.

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Quartz tuning forks (QTFs) are employed as sensitive elements for gas sensing applications implementing quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy. Therefore, proper design of the QTF read-out electronics is required to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and in turn, the minimum detection limit of the gas concentration. In this work, we present a theoretical study of the SNR trend in a voltage-mode read-out of QTFs, mainly focusing on the effects of (i) the noise contributions of both the QTF-equivalent resistor and the input bias resistor RL of the preamplifier, (ii) the operating frequency, and (iii) the bandwidth (BW) of the lock-in amplifier low-pass filter. A MATLAB model for the main noise contributions was retrieved and then validated by means of SPICE simulations. When the bandwidth of the lock-in filter is sufficiently narrow (BW = 0.5 Hz), the SNR values do not strongly depend on both the operating frequency and RL values. On the other hand, when a wider low-pass filter bandwidth is employed (BW = 5 Hz), a sharp SNR peak close to the QTF parallel-resonant frequency is found for large values of RL (RL > 2 MΩ), whereas for small values of RL (RL < 2 MΩ), the SNR exhibits a peak around the QTF series-resonant frequency.
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Lu, Di, N. Scott Barker, and Xiao-Hong Tang. "Miniaturized dual-band filter with return loss bandwidth and transmission zero control." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 9, no. 7 (February 10, 2017): 1459–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078717000071.

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In this paper, a compact dual-band bandpass filter (DB-BPF) using new dual-mode resonator-loaded resonators (DM-RLRs) is presented and investigated to simultaneously achieve controllable return loss (RL), bandwidth (BW) and transmission zeros (TZs), and the simple strategy for this type of filter design is proposed. The DB-BPF consists of two high-flexibility DM-RLRs with separated electric and magnetic coupling (SEMC). Specifically, the proposed DM-RLR provides the DB-BPF with center frequency control as well as RL control, and SEMC is utilized for the BW and TZ control. To facilitate the design, a simple optimization-based design strategy is proposed and employed, resulting in an example layout. Finally, the example filter, with center frequencies of 1.57 GHz (channel 1 for GPS) and 3.5 GHz (channel 2 for WiMAX), is fabricated and measured. The measurement insertion loss and RL are 0.9/0.9 and 17/20 dB. The fabricated DB-BPF also exhibits a compact size of 0.12λg × 0.08λg at 1.57 GHz.
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Saleem, Mohamed Muftah. "New Method to Harmonic Isolation Based on High Selectivity Filter to Control of Shunt Active Filter with Experimental Validation Using DSPACE System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 666 (October 2014): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.666.53.

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This paper presents a new control method of a parallel active power filters based on improved harmonic isolation with hardware implementation. The harmonic isolator is based on High Selectivity Filters (it can be tuned at any frequency) and the current control technique consists in a modulated hysteresis current controller. This active filter is intended for harmonic compensation of a diode rectifier feeding a RL load. The study of the active filter control is divided in two parts. The first part deals with the harmonic isolator which generates the harmonic reference currents and is implemented into a DSPACE DS1104 prototyping card. The second part focuses on the generation of the switching pattern of the IGBTs of the inverter by the modulated hysteresis current controller, implemented into an analogue card. The use of High Selectivity Filters instead of classical extraction filters allows extracting directly the voltage and current fundamental components in the α-β axis at high performances. The effectiveness of the new proposed method is verified by computer simulation and by experimental study.
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Lin, Xingbin, Deyu Yuan, and Xifei Li. "Reinforcement Learning with Dual Safety Policies for Energy Savings in Building Energy Systems." Buildings 13, no. 3 (February 21, 2023): 580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13030580.

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Reinforcement learning (RL) is being gradually applied in the control of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems to learn the optimal control sequences for energy savings. However, due to the “trial and error” issue, the output sequences of RL may cause potential operational safety issues when RL is applied in real systems. To solve those problems, an RL algorithm with dual safety policies for energy savings in HVAC systems is proposed. In the proposed dual safety policies, the implicit safety policy is a part of the RL model, which integrates safety into the optimization target of RL, by adding penalties in reward for actions that exceed the safety constraints. In explicit safety policy, an online safety classifier is built to filter the actions outputted by RL; thus, only those actions that are classified as safe and have the highest benefits will be finally selected. In this way, the safety of controlled HVAC systems running with proposed RL algorithms can be effectively satisfied while reducing the energy consumptions. To verify the proposed algorithm, we implemented the control algorithm in a real existing commercial building. After a certain period of self-studying, the energy consumption of HVAC had been reduced by more than 15.02% compared to the proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control. Meanwhile, compared to the independent application of the RL algorithm without safety policy, the proportion of indoor temperature not meeting the demand is reduced by 25.06%.
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Oh, Tae-Ho, Ji-Seok Han, Young-Seok Kim, Dae-Young Yang, Sang-Hoon Lee, and Dong-Il “Dan” Cho. "Deep RL Based Notch Filter Design Method for Complex Industrial Servo Systems." International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems 18, no. 12 (October 21, 2020): 2983–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12555-020-0153-y.

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Fernand Koffi, K., Agoua Raoule, Diety Landry, Georges Loum, and Olivier Asseu. "NEW METHOD OF SIZING A FILTER (RL-C) FOR AN INVERTER WITH SPWM CONTROL IN MEDIUM VOLTAGE ALTERNATING." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 04 (April 30, 2021): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12654.

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The need to use SPWM controlled voltage inverters in MV, led us to examine how to filter alternative signals with filters (L-C) and (RL-C). This allowed us to decide on the use of certain formulas for calculating the elements of these filters. Likewise, we have proposed a method of calculating the resistance R by mathematical iterations without using the quality factor Q, in order to obtain a low error rate between the RMS values and the fundamental effective values and THDs respecting the standard 519 IEEE - 2014. The results of these studies obtained using the MATLAB-SIMULINK software are presented in the penultimate session of this article. Nomenclature SPWM Sinusoidal Pulse-Width-Modulation THD Total Harmonic distortion SN Apparent power of the alternating load MV Medium voltage alternating voltage (1 kV --- 50 kV) Uph phase-to-phase voltage at the ac load RMS Root Mean Squared R L C Resistance Inductance Capacitor MVDC Medium voltage direct current VSI Voltage Source Inverter
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Gao, Xile, Haiyong Luo, Bokun Ning, Fang Zhao, Linfeng Bao, Yilin Gong, Yimin Xiao, and Jinguang Jiang. "RL-AKF: An Adaptive Kalman Filter Navigation Algorithm Based on Reinforcement Learning for Ground Vehicles." Remote Sensing 12, no. 11 (May 27, 2020): 1704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12111704.

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Kalman filter is a commonly used method in the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)/Inertial Navigation System (INS) integrated navigation system, in which the process noise covariance matrix has a significant influence on the positioning accuracy and sometimes even causes the filter to diverge when using the process noise covariance matrix with large errors. Though many studies have been done on process noise covariance estimation, the ability of the existing methods to adapt to dynamic and complex environments is still weak. To obtain accurate and robust localization results under various complex and dynamic environments, we propose an adaptive Kalman filter navigation algorithm (which is simply called RL-AKF), which can adaptively estimate the process noise covariance matrix using a reinforcement learning approach. By taking the integrated navigation system as the environment, and the opposite of the current positioning error as the reward, the adaptive Kalman filter navigation algorithm uses the deep deterministic policy gradient to obtain the most optimal process noise covariance matrix estimation from the continuous action space. Extensive experimental results show that our proposed algorithm can accurately estimate the process noise covariance matrix, which is robust under different data collection times, different GNSS outage time periods, and using different integration navigation fusion schemes. The RL-AKF achieves an average positioning error of 0.6517 m within 10 s GNSS outage for GNSS/INS integrated navigation system and 14.9426 m and 15.3380 m within 300 s GNSS outage for the GNSS/INS/Odometer (ODO) and the GNSS/INS/Non-Holonomic Constraint (NHC) integrated navigation systems, respectively.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "RL filter"

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Fuchs, Philippe. "Die Auswirkungen der Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (RL 2004/39/EG; MiFID) auf Schweizer Finanzintermediäre." St. Gallen, 2008. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/01650167004/$FILE/01650167004.pdf.

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Book chapters on the topic "RL filter"

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Jin, Shan. "A Lowpass-Bandpass Diplexer Using Common Lumped-Element Dual-Resonance Resonator." In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia220531.

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A lowpass-bandpass (LP-BP) diplexer with one lowpass channel (LPC) and one bandpass channel (BPC) is presented. The lumped-element dual-resonance resonator as common resonator is proposed to connect inductors, capacitors and LC resonator to constitute the desired channels. The LPC design is combined with parameters optimization and the lowpass transformation method, and the BPC design can be developed using the classical design theory of coupled-resonator filter. As an example, a 0.9 / 1.8 GHz LP-BP diplexer is designed and fabricated, which exhibits high return loss (RL), low insertion loss (IL), wide bandwidth (BW), high isolation and extremely compact size.
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Conference papers on the topic "RL filter"

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Yazdanian, Mehrdad, and Ali Mehrizi-Sani. "Internal model-based current control of the RL filter-based voltage-sourced converter." In 2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesgm.2015.7285832.

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Flet-Berliac, Yannis, and Philippe Preux. "Only Relevant Information Matters: Filtering Out Noisy Samples To Boost RL." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/376.

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In reinforcement learning, policy gradient algorithms optimize the policy directly and rely on sampling efficiently an environment. Nevertheless, while most sampling procedures are based on direct policy sampling, self-performance measures could be used to improve such sampling prior to each policy update. Following this line of thought, we introduce SAUNA, a method where non-informative transitions are rejected from the gradient update. The level of information is estimated according to the fraction of variance explained by the value function: a measure of the discrepancy between V and the empirical returns. In this work, we use this criterion to select samples that are useful to learn from, and we demonstrate that this selection can significantly improve the performance of policy gradient methods. In this paper: (a) We introduce the SAUNA method to filter transitions. (b) We conduct experiments on a set of benchmark continuous control problems. SAUNA significantly improves performance. (c) We investigate how SAUNA reliably selects samples with the most positive impact on learning and study its improvement on both performance and sample efficiency.
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Hu, Yaowei, Jingling Cheng, Dongdong Chen, and Guozhu Chen. "LCL-RL filter design for the medium-voltage wind energy conversion system based on dual modules parallel using PS-SVPWM." In 2016 IEEE 2nd Annual Southern Power Electronics Conference (SPEC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/spec.2016.7846042.

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Cleveston, Iury, and Esther L. Colombini. "RAM-VO: A Recurrent Attentional Model for Visual Odometry." In Anais Estendidos do Simpósio Brasileiro de Robótica e Simpósio Latino Americano de Robótica. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/wtdr_ctdr.2021.18684.

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Determining the agent's pose is fundamental for developing autonomous vehicles. Visual Odometry (VO) algorithms estimate the egomotion using only visual differences from the input frames. The most recent VO methods implement deep-learning techniques using convolutional neural networks (CNN) widely, adding a high cost to process large images. Also, more data does not imply a better prediction, and the network may have to filter out useless information. In this context, we incrementally formulate a lightweight model called RAM-VO to perform visual odometry regressions using large monocular images. Our model is extended from the Recurrent Attention Model (RAM), which has emerged as a unique architecture that implements a hard attentional mechanism guided by reinforcement learning to select the essential input information. Our methodology modifies the RAM and improves the visual and temporal representation of information, generating the intermediary RAM-R and RAM-RC architectures. Also, we include the optical flow as contextual information for initializing the RL agent and implement the Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithm to learn a robust policy. The experimental results indicate that RAM-VO can perform regressions with six degrees of freedom using approximately 3 million parameters. Additionally, experiments on the KITTI dataset confirm that RAM-VO produces competitive results using only 5.7% of the input image.
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Lin, Ja-Hon, Jin-Jei Wu, Li-Hao Jian, Shwu-Yun Tsay, and Yao-Hui Chen. "Electrically controllable random laser with dye-doped liquid crystals inside the capillary fiber." In JSAP-OSA Joint Symposia. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jsap.2017.8a_a409_6.

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Owing to the intrinsic birefringence of LCs, the characteristic of random lasers (RLs) have attracted considerable attention by infilling the nematics LCs (NLCs) or polymer dispersed LCs (PDLCs), as a scattering materials, inside the glass cell, capillary tube and the hollow core fiber to produce multiple light scattering [1-3]. Unlike other scattering materials, LCs can be easily modulation through the external signals, like electric filed, magnetic field, stress, temperature and so on. Through the modulation of LCs by the temperature, the manipulation of output characteristic of RLs has been investigated previously [1-3]. In this work, the alternative characteristics from RL produced by infilling the NLC inside the single core capillary was demonstrated through the applied sinusoidal voltage and analyzed by the applied sinusoidal voltage.
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ANURAKPARADORN, KANAT, ALAN TAUB, and ERIC MICHIELSSEN. "DISPERSION OF COBALT FERRITE FUNCTIONALIZED GRAPHENE NANOPLATELETS IN PLA FOR EMI SHIELDING APPLICATIONS." In Thirty-sixth Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc36/35905.

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The proliferation of wireless technology calls for the development of cost-effective Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) shielding materials that reduce the susceptibility of high-speed electronic circuits to undesired incoming radiation. Ideally, such materials offer protection over wide frequency ranges and are insensitive to the polarization or angle of incidence of the impinging fields. Here, next-generation EMI shielding materials composed of polymer composites with conductive and magnetic fillers are introduced. It is shown that careful control of the concentration and dispersion of the polymers’ conductive and magnetic constituents permits tuning of the composites’ intrinsic electrical and magnetic properties. The resulting EMI shields are lightweight, cheap and offer greater protection than traditional metal gaskets and foams. In this work, cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (CoFe2O4) decorated on graphene-based material were dispersed in polylactic acid (PLA) matrix for high EM absorption level in X-band (8-12 GHz). The decoration of the magnetic particles was performed on the as-prepared conductive graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). GNP composites exhibited higher DC conductivity, and permittivity than rGO composites. This is attributed to issues associated with the reduction process, including a lack of conductivity due to the insulated oxygen functional groups and the reduction in the lateral size. Compared with rGOs, the lack of out-plane functional groups causes the cobalt ferrite nanoparticles to agglomerate and not cover the entire surface of the GNPs. These morphological differences improve the magnetization and EM absorption of the composite system. The compatibilizer (pyrene-PLA-OH) was added to the composites to enhance dispersion of the GNPs in the polymer matrix which benefits in higher absorption of the shield. The influence of the compatibilizer on parameter, the reflection loss (RL) of the composite were determined from the characterized intrinsic properties
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