Academic literature on the topic 'Rizzi Zannoni'

Systematization of cartographic sources and their comparative analysis is a challenging scientific task, accomplishment of which enables creating a more objective picture of the past. The geographical approach is inseparable from the historical one, and historic-geographical studies are an integral factor in a comprehensive scientific research. Many cartographic sources on the North-Western Black Sea Region are far from being studied and even systematized, some of them remain hardly known, and many of those that have been studied need to be adequately explained and rethought. The most noteworthy geographical features located within the borders of modern Moldavia, neighboring Romania and Ukraine, are depicted on some of the oldest maps. In the period of the 16th–18th centuries, the foundation for detailed mapping of the territory and creating large-scale overview maps was laid, including the works by G. L. Beauplan, V. M. Coronelli, D. K. Cantemir. G. A. B. Rizzi-Zannoni. A comprehensive topographic study of the North-Western Black Sea Region began only at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries, when the first survey and topographic maps were compiled, which enabled not only getting a general idea of the geography of the region, but also navigating the area quite confidently.

W Rzeczypospolitej w czasach króla Stanisława Augusta Poniatowskiego wzrosła intensywność prac nad sporządzaniem map terytorium państwa. Wiązało się to z osobistymi zainteresowaniami króla kartografią i jego inspirującą rolą w tej dziedzinie. Należy podkreślić działalność powołanego przez sejm konwokacyjny w 1764 r. Korpusu Pontonierów i zasługi wojewody nowogrodzkiego Józefa Aleksandra Jabłonowskiego patronującego wydaniu mapy Rzeczypospolitej G. A. Rizzi Zannoniego. Do rozwoju polskiej kartografii w drugiej połowie XVIII w. przyczyniły się prace m.in. Ferdynanda Naxa czy Karola Perthéesa. W opinii Tadeusza Czackiego sporządzanie aktualnych map miało znaczenie dla gospodarki kraju oraz usprawnienia transportu i handlu. Jako komisarz Komisji Kruszcowej i Komisji Skarbu Koronnego zaangażowany był w prace nad mapą rzeki Nidy i Słupicy wykonaną przez Jana Mehlera. Jako załączniki do swoich raportów w 1788 r. dołączył mapy Dniestru, Dniepru, rzek Horynia i Słuczy, półwyspu krymskiego i Kanału Muchawieckiego. Wśród podarowanych Komisji Skarbu Koronnego przez T. Czackiego map była też hydrograficzna mapa Polski, którą się bardzo szczycił. Najprawdopodobniej stanowiła uaktualnioną wersję mapy K. Perthéesa. Cartographic interests of Tadeusz Czacki In the Republic during the times of King Stanisław August Poniatowski, the intensity of work regarding the preparation of maps of the state grew. This was connected with the personal interest of the king in cartography and his inspirational role in this field. Emphasis should be given to the activities of the Pontonier Corps, established by the Convocation Sejm in 1764, and the services of the governor of Nowogródek Józef Aleksander Jabłonowski, patron of the map of the Republic created by G. A. Rizzi Zannoni. The development of Polish cartography in the second half of the 18th century can also be credited to the work of Ferdynand Nax and Karol Perthées, among others. In the opinion of Tadeusz Czacki, the creation of updated maps was significant for the economy of the country as well as for the facilitation of transport and trade. As the commissioner of the Bullion Committee and the Crown Treasury Committee, he was engaged in work on the map of the Nida and Słupica carried out by Jan Mehler. As attachments to his reports in 1788, he included maps of the Dniester, Dnieper, Horyn and Sluch, the Crimean peninsula and the Mukhavyets Canal. Among the maps given to the Crown Treasury Committee by T. Czacki was a hydrographic map of Poland, which he was very proud of. Most likely, it was an updated version of the map by K. Perthées.

ABSTRACT Islamic banking is undoubtedly faced with several potential financing risks, with the three largest financing contracts (Mudharaba, Musharaka, and Murabaha) that reduce the financial performance of Islamic banks. The potential risk is strengthened if the stability of national economic growth is contracted. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the impact of Mudharaba, Musharaka, and Murabaha financing on Financing Risk moderated by the business cycle and the relationship between Financing Risk and the Financial Performance of Islamic Commercial Banks. The sample of this study was 12 Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia during the period 2017-2021. The Data were then analyzed using the technique of Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). Researchers found that Musharaka financing has a significant positive effect on Financing Risk, Mudharaba and Murabaha Financing has an insignificant effect on Financing Risk, and Financing Risk has a significant negative effect on Financial Performance. The Business Cycle does not moderate the Financing of Mudharaba, Musharakah, and Murabaha on Financing Risk. The results can encourage the Islamic Commercial Bank to evaluate the distribution strategy of Musharaka financing, optimize the distribution of Mudharaba and Murabaha financing, and prepare financing strategies that do not depend on macroeconomic conditions. Keywords: Financing Risk, Financing, Business Cycle, Financial Performance. ABSTRAK Perbankan syariah dengan tiga akad pembiayaan terbesar (Mudharaba, Musharaka, dan Murabaha) dihadapkan pada sejumlah potensi risiko pembiayaan yang menurunkan kinerja keuangan Bank Syariah. Potensi risiko tersebut menguat jika stabilitas pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional juga terganggu atau mengalami kontraksi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini hendak mengkaji pengaruh Pembiayaan Mudharaba, Musharaka, dan Murabaha terhadap Risiko Pembayaran dengan dimoderasi oleh Siklus Bisnis, dan sekaligus menguji hubungan antara Risiko Pembayaran dan Kinerja Keuangan Bank Syariah. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 12 Islamic Commercial Bank di Indonesia selama periode 2017-2021. Data tersebut kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). Peneliti menemukan bahwa Pembiayaan Musharaka berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap Risiko Pembiayaan, Pembiayaan Mudharaba dan Murabaha tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Risiko Pembiayaan, dan Risiko Pembiayaan berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap Kinerja Keuangan. Adapun Siklus Bisnis tidak dapat memoderasi Pembiayaan Mudharaba, Musharaka, dan Murabaha terhadap Risiko Pembiayaan. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi evaluasi bagi Islamic Commercial Bank agar dapat mengevaluasi strategi penyaluran pembiayaan Musharaka, mengoptimalkan penyaluran pembiayaan Mudharaba dan Murabaha, dan mempersiapkan strategi pembiayaan yang tidak bergantung pada kondisi makro ekonomi. Kata Kunci: Risiko Pembiayaan, Pembiayaan, Siklus Bisnis, Kinerja Keuangan. REFERENCES Abdillah, W., & Hartono, J. (2015). Partial least square (PLS) alternatif structural equation modelling (SEM) dalam penelitian bisnis. CV. Andi Offset. Abdul-rahman, A., & Nor, S. M. (2016). Challenges of profit-and-loss sharing financing in Malaysian Islamic banking. Malaysian Journal of Society and Space 12, 2(2), 39–46. Adzimatinur, F., & Manalu, V. G. (2020). The impact of mudharabah and musharakah based financing to credit risk. 1st Annual Conference of Ihtifaz: Islamic Economics, Finance, and Banking, 127–134. Aiyubbi, D. E., Widarjono, A., & Amir, N. (2022). 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Unique maps of the atlas of Poland compiled by G.A.B. Rizzi-Zannoni in the middle of the 18th century and published in early 1772 are important scientific sources. The atlas contains detailed information on the historical geography of the Northern and North-Western Black Sea region. Of particular importance is the unique map of Moldavia and the territories adjacent to it (the 23rd, as well as the 22nd and 24th sheets of the atlas), compiled based on earlier sources – the rich cartographic materials of the predecessors (G.L. Beauplan, D.K. Cantemir and others), and first of all, the works of the cartographers of the Ottoman Empire, which flourished in the 15th – 17th centuries, have not yet been identified or studied. The work of Rizzi-Zannoni is a reproduction of the oldest (found at the moment) topographic map of the North-Western Black Sea region, reflecting the geographical picture no later than the first half of the 16th – second half of the 17th centuries. Current and further study of the fortifications (castles, fortresses and other fortifications) marked on the maps of Rizzi-Zannoni and representing the most important complexes and objects of historical and cultural heritage are impossible without the involvement of the author’s unique information. Descriptions and reconstructions of fortifications that ignore topography and other details reported by this unique source are a priori incomplete or may even be erroneous. The historic-geographical information recorded on the Rizzi-Zannoni maps is of enormous multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary significance. Its consideration is important for modern and future studies of geography, history, archaeology, architecture, culture, art, ethnography, linguistics, the toponymy of the region as a whole and each heritage site.

Old maps of the North-Western Black Sea region of the era of antiquity (reconstructions and reproductions of works of ancient Greek and Roman authors), the Middle Ages (Arabic, Italian, etc.), the Renaissance period (A. Bianco, F. Mauro, B. Wapowski, M. Beneventano, N. de Cusa, S. Münster, I. Honter, I. Stumpf, G. Reichersdorff, M. Bronovius and others) and modern times (G. Gastaldi, A. Ortelius, V. Godreccio, A. Pograbius, G. L. Boplan , V. Hondius, J.A.B. Rizzi-Zannoni, F.V. Bawr and others) contain information about numerous fortifications on the banks of the Dniester, in the immediate vicinity of the river and within the basin. The analyzed cartographic works are key for identifying fortifications in the study area, determining the stages of the historic-geographical evolution of the region and the development of cartography in general.